chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: U.S. Rep. Lloyd Doggett is "the most liberal man in the United States Congress.
Speaker: donna campbell
About the speaker: Donna Campbell, a New Braunfels physician, won election to represent Texas Senate District 25 in November 2012. In 2010, she was the Republican nominee for the U.S. House seat held by Democrat Lloyd Doggett of Austin.
Date: June 12, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: bipartisanship;candidate biography
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: So, how does the doctor’s convention charge stick? Like melting butter. Doggett is liberal, but he’s by no measure the most liberal member of Congress, voting analyses show. Campbell owned up after we followed up. Her statement is .
Statement: Says a deer became "riddled with tumors from eating plants sprayed with Monsanto's Roundup.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 8, 2019
Topics: environment;animals;fake news;science;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Occasionally, researchers say, the fibromas can create a bacterial infection. While our efforts to find the origin of this photograph using reverse-image searches were not conclusive, fact-checking website TruthOrFiction reported it first appeared in October 2017 on a Facebook page for hunters in a post that went over the actual cause for the growths. Regardless of the origin, we do know that the picture shows a deer with growths that appear consistent with a condition commonly known as deer warts. The  that such blemishes are caused by an herbicide is not . We rate this  .
Statement: Says before he planned a rally on June 19 "nobody had ever heard of" Juneteenth.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 17, 2020
Location: national
Topics: race and ethnicity
Context: an interview with the Wall Street Journal
Fact-check justification: Trump said that nobody had heard of Juneteenth until this year. The history is clear. Long before Trump was elected president, millions of Americans knew about the day that marks the end of slavery in America. We rate this  .
Statement: Florida's water is dirtier and sicker than when Gov. DeSantis first took office.
Speaker: lindsay cross
About the speaker: Lindsay Cross, a Democrat who represents St. Petersburg, was first elected to the Florida House of Representatives on Nov. 8, 2022. 
Date: January 3, 2023
Location: florida
Topics: water
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: But experts  agreed with her assessment of the declining state of Florida's water quality, noting that the underlying conditions predate DeSantis’ tenure.   Comprehensive analyses submitted to the EPA during DeSantis' time in the governor's office show that a growing number of the state's water bodies, including estuaries and lakes, are impaired — meaning, they do not meet water quality standards. The state of coastal waters and streams has improved since before DeSantis’ time in office. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Says he "paid one dollar for" a sweater at Kohl's.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: March 14, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Now, that’s not $1. But Walker did say he used his "Kohl’s Cash" -- a coupon of sorts that is generated based on how much a customer purchased in an earlier visit to the store. Thus, he could have easily gotten one for $1 out-of-pocket. We rate the  . Now, just ask us how much Walker’s daily ham sandwich costs.
Statement: Jane Norton supported the largest tax hike in Colorado history.
Speaker: americans for job security
About the speaker: Americans for Job Security is a conservative-leaning issue advocacy group that favors "free markets and pro-paycheck public policy."
Date: July 9, 2010
Location: national
Topics: message machine 2010;state budget;states;taxes
Context: an issue advocacy ad
Fact-check justification: If the issue is just Referendum C, then yes, Norton supported it. But there are a number of qualifiers to that "yes": The  is not conclusive that it's the largest tax increase in Colorado history, though certainly it's the largest in recent years. Also, technically speaking, the measure didn't increase tax rates -- it ended rebates, though that does mean less money in people's pockets. Finally, Norton supported a ballot issue on which Colorado voters had the final say and ultimately approved. Given these facts, we rate this statement .
Statement: Video shows Ukrainian air defenses in Sievierodonetsk shooting down "55 Ka 52 helicopters.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 17, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) That’s because anyone who watches the video can clearly see that the footage isn’t authentic. It’s a video game.   We rate claims of this footage’s veracity .
Statement: In 2017, Joe Biden paid $3,742,974 in federal income taxes and Kamala Harris paid $516,469 while Donald Trump paid $750.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 27, 2020
Topics: taxes
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A lawyer for the Trump Organization told the New York Times that "most, if not all, of the facts appear to be " in response to a letter the newspaper sent summarizing its findings.   "Over the past decade, President Trump has paid tens of millions of dollars in personal taxes to the federal government, including paying millions in personal taxes since announcing his candidacy in 2015," the lawyer told the paper in a statement. The New York Times noted that this  appeared to conflate income tax with other federal taxes Trump has paid, including Social Security and Medicare. If  emerges to bear that out the claims of Trump’s lawyer, we will reconsider our rating on this fact-check.   For now, we rate this post .
Statement: If you take the vaccine, you'll be enrolled in a pharmacovigilance tracking system. It means that you've enrolled yourself in a medical trial.
Speaker: simone gold
About the speaker: Simone Gold is the founder of America's Frontline Doctors.
Date: February 6, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a viral video
Fact-check justification: Anonymized data from a CDC system will be used to help federal agencies keep track of vaccine distribution, not the people who are vaccinated. Another optional part of the system will allow vaccine recipients to report any adverse side effects. Trials to test the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines were done before they were approved for emergency use. Signing up to receive the COVID-19 vaccine does not automatically enroll a patient in a clinical trial.   We rate this  .
Statement: Says he would be first CPA to serve as Texas comptroller.
Speaker: raul torres
About the speaker: Represented Corpus Christi's District 33 in the state House 2011-13; owner since 1993 of accounting/financial services firm.
Date: August 27, 2013
Location: texas
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: Torres said he’d be "the very first CPA to serve" as state comptroller. We’re not judging here whether the comptroller needs to be a CPA. But we found nobody with that certification in the checkered past of the comptroller’s office, so we’ll rate Torres’  as . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: President Barack Obama, Nancy Pelosi and Harry Reid support Rick Perry's "decision to give in-state tuition to illegal immigrants.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: September 29, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;education
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: Obama once co-sponsored a measure like the Texas tuition law, giving Romney’s  a thread of . However, none of the Democrats has aired support for Perry’s decision to sign his state’s proposal into law, which is the essence of the . We rate Romney’s statement .
Statement: Says it was "unquestionably" not within his "legal authority" to postpone Illinois' primary election by changing the date or shifting to vote-by-mail.
Speaker: jb pritzker
About the speaker: J.B. Pritzker is Illinois' 43rd governor and a former Chicago venture capitalist and entrepreneur.
Date: March 17, 2020
Location: illinois
Topics: elections;coronavirus
Context: remarks at a press conference
Fact-check justification: Pritzker said it was "unquestionably" not within his "legal authority" to postpone Illinois’ primary election by changing the date or shifting the election to vote-by-mail. While there are too many hypotheticals to be certain Pritzker’s administration could not have delayed the election in any way, experts told us the governor spoke correctly in describing the limits of his powers under state law. We rate his  .  — The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Today President Obama said there will NOT be a National Day of Prayer in May.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 26, 2016
Location: national
Topics: history;religion
Context: a multitude of Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: Widely shared Facebook posts contended that, "Today President Obama said there will NOT be a National Day of Prayer in May." For those who got on Facebook and tried to share the , we applaud you. If you found yourself overwhelmed by all the people who were immediately convinced that the bad information was , welcome to our world. And for those of you who reposted the  without checking, we bestow on you a collective ! https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/4598d5c4-6083-4cd3-9fa5-c6bb9b8dcdb2
Statement: The House of Representatives has never sued a sitting president in all of U.S. history.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: July 29, 2014
Location: national
Topics: congress;legal issues
Context: a fundraising letter
Fact-check justification: Pelosi said "the House of Representatives has never sued a sitting president in all of U.S. history." We did find a long record of skirmishing between the legislative and executive branches over the limits of each branch’s power, including at least 14 suits over the past four decades filed by individual lawmakers or groups of lawmakers. But Pelosi said "the House of Representatives," and in her narrowly crafted , she’s right. We rate her statement .
Statement: There has never been a leak anything like this" draft of a Supreme Court opinion that would overturn Roe v. Wade. "There's never been a leak of a vote — much less an actual opinion, much less in a case of this significance.
Speaker: jeffrey toobin
About the speaker: Jeffrey Toobin is a staff writer for the New Yorker, a legal analyst for CNN and an author of several books about the law.
Date: May 2, 2022
Topics: abortion;corrections and updates;supreme court
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Toobin said there has never been a Supreme Court leak "anything like this. There’s never been a leak of a vote — much less an actual opinion, much less in a case of this significance." Votes have been leaked in the past, but Supreme Court leaks are widely considered rare. Experts said the public release of a draft majority opinion this far in advance of an expected ruling was indeed unprecedented. We rate this  .  CORRECTION (May 6, 2022) : This fact-check was corrected to properly identify UPI reporter Elizabeth Olson.
Statement: Trump wants to deport American Indians to India.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 25, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Both websites also are registered to addresses in Kosovo . There has been some concern that Trump’s immigration efforts may affect Indians in the United States — some 300,000 illegal immigrants are Indians , according to the Times of India . Possible changes in the H-1B temporary visa program also are likely to affect Indians here. But Trump didn’t make these statements, and there’s no executive order deporting Native Americans to another country. We rate the statement !
Statement: Says he has "never received any contributions from the Koch brothers.
Speaker: john thrasher
About the speaker: John Thrasher is a Republican state Senator representing District 8 in Northeast Florida and the chairman of the Republican Party of Florida.
Date: September 15, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: campaign finance
Context: forum with Florida State students
Fact-check justification: Thrasher said he has "never received any contributions from the Koch brothers." Thrasher says he has never received money personally from the Koch Brothers, and as far as we can tell, that’s correct. However, he did receive four donations totaling $3,000 from Koch Industries, a company they own. That's what we're checking, not whether he knows Charles and David Koch. His campaign said those donations specifically came from the subsidiary Georgia-Pacific, a major employer in his district that had donated to Thrasher years before being owned by the Kochs, but the contributions were officially categorized as coming from Koch Industries. Experts say it could be reasonable to equate those donations as coming from the company’s owners. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says Sen. Dean Heller "wants to cut programs like Social Security and Medicare to pay for tax cuts for his ultra-wealthy donors.
Speaker: jacky rosen
About the speaker: Jacky Rosen is a Henderson synagogue leader and the Democratic candidate in Nevada's 3rd Congressional District.
Date: August 13, 2018
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;medicare;social security;taxes
Context: a campaign endorsement event
Fact-check justification: Rosen said that Heller wants to cut programs like Social Security and Medicare to pay for tax cuts to the ultra-wealthy. Overall, his policies could make it more likely that spending on entitlements would be reined in. There is reasonable debate whether those changes would lead to a cut in benefits. And while the tax cuts favor the rich, it isn’t inevitable that the lost revenues will be made up for by trimming Social Security and Medicare. For a statement that is partially accurate but missing important details, we rate it .
Statement: Links jailed lobbyist Jack Abramoff to Rep. C.W. Bill Young.
Speaker: charlie justice
About the speaker: Sen. Charlie Justice is a Democrat representing St. Petersburg.
Date: April 14, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;elections;message machine 2010
Context: a web ad
Fact-check justification: The ad doesn't say Abramoff bought Young the car, but with its ominous music and flying hat, it suggests a connection when there isn't one. The only connection is a tenuous one, that one of Abramoff's clients contributed $1,000 to Young in 2002. There's no  that Abramoff himself contributed to Young, nor that Young ever sought earmarks for Abramoff, nor that they even actually met. That's not enough to hang a hat -- or a fedora -- on. !
Statement: There are 390 million guns out on the streets of a country of 329 million people.
Speaker: beto o'rourke
About the speaker: Beto O’Rourke is a former representative of Texas’s 16th Congressional District. He represented the district from 2013 until 2019, when he gave up his seat to run a senate campaign against incumbent Ted Cruz, which O’Rourke lost. He received a bachelor’s degree in English literature from Columbia University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: September 4, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: public safety;guns
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: "Even after adjusting for population, it is clear that the United States far outnumbers other countries," reads  a release from the group . "The United States has 4% of the world’s population, but its civilians hold almost 40% of the world’s firearms." Our Ruling O’Rourke said, "There are 390 million guns out on the streets of a country of 329 million people." The latest study of civilian-owned firearms in the United States supports this statement. We rate this  .
Statement: One quarter" of today's $31.4 trillion federal debt "was accumulated in the four years of my predecessor," Donald Trump.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: January 20, 2023
Topics: corrections and updates;debt;federal budget
Context: a speech at the White House
Fact-check justification: Biden said that "one quarter" of today’s $31.4 trillion federal debt "was accumulated in the four years of my predecessor." His number is accurate, but the figure leaves out important details and context. Assigning debt to a particular president can be  because so much of it traces back to decades-old, bipartisan legislation that set the parameters for Social Security and Medicare. Biden’s decision to single out Trump also sets up an implicit comparison between himself and his predecessor. But other ways of analyzing the data undermine his point. One of those ways shows that Obama accumulated more debt than did Trump or Biden so far.  We rate Biden’s statement . CORRECTION, May 19, 2023 : The text and the charts in this version correct a math error made in calculating the amount of debt accumulated on Biden’s watch in the original story. The corrected figures show that Trump accumulated the most debt per year, followed by Biden. The rating remains the same.
Statement: Says Alex Sink supported "a $5.2 billion increase in Florida's debt.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: October 30, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: debt;economy
Context: a YouTube attack ad
Fact-check justification: As CFO, Sink did watch the debt increase over her term, but by $3.4 billion, not $5.2 billion. Plus, the Legislature, not the Cabinet, has most of the say in bond appropriations. Not to mention there was a nationwide recession that took its toll on the Florida economy, which is out of the hands of state officials. Given all these hefty clarifications, we rate the Florida Republican Party of Florida’s  .
Statement: The overwhelming amount of the money that we're raising is not going to Hillary (Clinton) to run for president. ... It's going to the congressmen and senators to try to take back Congress.
Speaker: george clooney
About the speaker: George Clooney is an Oscar-winning actor and producer and activist.
Date: April 16, 2016
Topics: campaign finance;corrections and updates;punditfact
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Clooney said, "The overwhelming amount of the money that we're raising, is not going to Hillary to run for president. ... It's going to the congressmen and senators to try to take back Congress." Clooney is correct that most of the big-dollar donations in question are not going to Clinton’s campaign for president. By law, they can’t. Whether the money is "going to the congressmen and senators to try to take back Congress" is a much different story. Most of the money appears to be winding up at the DNC, not state parties, as individual donors may have expected. The national party says that money is being used on campaign infrastructure that will benefit House and Senate candidates. But it will benefit Clinton, too. Clooney’s  is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .