chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: While Ukrainians bled and died, Congressman Budd excused their killer.
Speaker: pat mccrory
About the speaker: Pat McCrory, a Republican, was governor of North Carolina from 2013 to 2017. Previously, he served as mayor of Charlotte.
Date: March 8, 2022
Location: north carolina
Topics: foreign policy;ukraine;russia
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: McCrory said: "While Ukrainians bled and died, Congressman Budd excused their killer." McCrory’s ad implied that Budd was forgiving Putin’s actions or attempting to absolve him from blame. However, a review of the full context of Budd’s interviews shows that he also attempted to explain Putin’s motivations, but didn’t endorse or forgive them. Budd said Putin has "strategic reasons" for his actions, but he also called Putin "evil," "erratic" and a "thug." He said he supports Ukraine and he advocated stronger action against Putin. McCrory’s  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Since the passage of Obama's stimulus package, over 1 million additional jobs were lost and nearly 25 million Americans are out of work, are stuck in part-time work, or have given up looking.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 6, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: jobs;stimulus
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Romney said: "Since the passage of Obama's stimulus package, over 1 million additional jobs were lost and nearly 25 million Americans are out of work, are stuck in part-time work, or have given up looking." Romney's numbers about job losses and unemployment are correct. But Romney's suggestion that Obama's stimulus is to blame is . Economists both inside and outside the government say the stimulus helped prevent further job losses. We rate this .
Statement: Most of the stimulus money will be spent "not this year, not next year, but in 2011.
Speaker: george will
About the speaker: George Will is a conservative columnist syndicated by the Washington Post.
Date: August 23, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;pundits;stimulus
Context: an interview on This Week with George Stephanopoulos
Fact-check justification: However, that's not the whole story because Will's  does not take into account mandatory spending or tax breaks. In that case, the bulk of the money will be spent in 2009 and 2010. As a result, we give Will a .    Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: Says Democratic obstruction is the reason why "many important positions in government are unfilled.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 14, 2018
Location: national
Topics: congress
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said Democratic obstruction is the reason why "many important positions in government are unfilled." There’s a lot of blame to go around for the federal government’s relatively modest headcount. Senate Democrats, adopting the upper chamber’s new norms, have engaged in procedural combat. Yet Senate Republicans have also held up Trump’s nominees to extract concessions. Finally, the Trump White House earns generally low marks for its approach to executive appointments. We rate this .
Statement: Democrat "Russ Feingold announced his Wisconsin Senate run today from…California.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: May 14, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Thursday morning, said Russ for Wisconsin campaign manager Tom Russell. Feingold was picked up at the airport and back in the Badger State when his latest quest began, his campaign said. Our rating The National Republican Senatorial Committee said that Russ Feingold announced his campaign for Senate while in California. But tweets and other  shows he was in Wisconsin at the time. We rate the  .
Statement: It is rare that a retirement grade determination is conducted for an officer previously retired from the U.S. armed forces.
Speaker: jack reed
About the speaker: Jack Reed, a former attorney and army officer, is Rhode Island's senior. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1991 until 1996, when he was elected to the U.S. Senate.
Date: January 20, 2016
Location: rhode island
Topics: afghanistan;congress;military
Context: a letter
Fact-check justification: As Gorecki-Robbins says: "This is truly a unique set of facts." Our Ruling In their letter, McCain and Reed told the defense secretary, "It is rare that a retirement grade determination is conducted for an officer previously retired from the U.S. armed forces." That  is . That’s our ruling. But we feel compelled to point out that the procedure itself is rare and it’s rarer still to see an American military officer rise so high and fall so far.
Statement: Says people convicted of felonies or under restraining orders "can buy a firearm without going through a background check.
Speaker: josh kaul
About the speaker: Josh Kaul, a Democrat, was elected the Wisconsin attorney general in 2008. He previously worked as a private practice attorney focusing on election-related issues and a federal prosecutor.
Date: August 15, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Kaul said felons and people subject to domestic abuse restraining orders are currently able to buy guns in Wisconsin without going through a background check. All purchases from firearms dealers are subject to state and federal requirements that include a criminal background check. But Kaul is right that Wisconsin is among the states with no oversight of gun sales between private parties. That has allowed people in the circumstances he described to buy guns, in some cases with tragic results. We rate this  .
Statement: West Virginia's exports increased for the second year in a row in 2018, reaching $8.1 billion. Additionally, West Virginia's export growth rate was 14.2%, nearly double the national average of 7.6%.
Speaker: west virginia republican party
About the speaker: The West Virginia Republican Party is the official Republican state party organization in West Virginia.
Date: April 2, 2019
Location: west virginia
Topics: trade
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The West Virginia Republican Party tweeted, "West Virginia’s exports increased for the second year in a row in 2018, reaching $8.1 billion. Additionally, West Virginia’s export growth rate was 14.2%, nearly double the national average of 7.6%." The data, which we verified with a U.S. Census Bureau database, supports what the tweet said. We rate the statement .
Statement: ... study after study has shown that the death penalty deters murders.
Speaker: fred thompson
About the speaker: Fred Thompson was a U.S. senator from Tennessee from 1994 to 2003. He graduated from Memphis State University and earned a law degree at Vanderbilt University. Thompson practiced law and served a variety of government counsel positions, including as minority counsel for the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities ("Watergate Committee"). In his acting career Thompson has appeared in 18 films, and recently worked as a TV actor, playing a prosecutor on the series Law and Order. Thompson was born in Alabama in 1942. He has been married to Jeri Kehn since 2002, and has four children, two from his first marriage. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 22, 2008.
Date: August 20, 2007
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: an ABC radio commentary
Fact-check justification: The Law & Order star accurately quotes the Emory study, but his generalizations about "most studies" ignore significant contrary research. A handful of studies directly challenge pro-deterrence findings by highlighting various missteps in methodology. "These studies fail to reach the demanding standards of social science to make such strong claims, standards such as replication and basic comparisons with other scenarios," said Jeffery Fagan of the Columbia Law School during testimony before a New York legislative panel. Most notable is a paper by two National Bureau of Economic Research fellows who concluded "that execution policy drives little of the year-to-year variation in homicide rates. As to whether executions rise or lower the homicide rate, we remain profoundly uncertain."
Statement: Says he "turned down a Medicaid expansion under Obamacare," but because of actions he took, for the first time in Wisconsin's history "everyone living in poverty is covered under Medicaid.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: August 18, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;medicaid;poverty;public health;state budget
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Under changes made by Walker, everyone in Wisconsin with an annual income at the federal poverty level ($11,770 for a single person) is now eligible for Medicaid. That is the first time in Wisconsin that everyone at or below the federal poverty level is eligible for Medicaid. But it's important to note that, while Walker rejected the Obamacare expansion of Medicaid, he used another provision of Obamacare to move less poor people off of Medicaid and into the marketplace created by Obamacare. And Wisconsin has already passed up more than $550 million in federal money, putting an additional burden on state taxpayers. For a statement that is accurate but needs additional information, our rating is .
Statement: Says that four Democrats — Sheila Jackson Lee, Joe Biden, Elizabeth Warren, and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez — made specific, suspect remarks about such topics as the Constitution, abortion and guns.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 27, 2019
Topics: candidate biography;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: Among other gun control measures, she thinks domestic abusers and stalkers should have to surrender their firearms, and she wants to require universal and improved background checks before someone can buy a gun. "Keep the severely mentally ill and people with a history of domestic abuse from purchasing guns," Ocasio-Cortez said about a year ago while answering questions on Reddit. "I am a believer in the Second Amendment but this is where I draw the line." All told, each of the four quotes is either made up or seriously mangled. We rate the statement .
Statement: Years of economic decay are over" because Trump "reversed the failed economic policies of the previous administration.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 4, 2020
Topics: economy;jobs
Fact-check justification: Trump said that "years of economic decay are over" because he "reversed the failed economic policies of the previous administration." The notion that the economy turned on a dime from bad to good under Trump is not supported by the facts. The performance under Trump has generally continued the pace of improvements that began during the final few years of Obama’s presidency. We rate the statement .
Statement: While (Chris Christie) talks about job creation, we don't see jobs being created in this state.
Speaker: john wisniewski
About the speaker: John Wisniewski is a Democratic state Assemblyman representing a part of Middlesex County. Wisniewski also is chairman of the state Democratic Party.
Date: November 21, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs
Context: an NJToday interview
Fact-check justification: Blasting Christie for his "rhetoric" about job creation, Wisniewski claimed "we don't see jobs being created in this state." The economic recovery may not be moving fast enough, but New Jersey has seen an increase in total non-farm jobs over the last year, driven by growth in the private-sector. Wisniewski should know better than to suggest otherwise. We rate this statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Chinese restaurant in Coral Springs, Fla., busted for selling dog meat to VIP customers.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 21, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: fake news
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: After receiving complaints, the department had posted a message on its Facebook page in December to tell the public the story was totally contrived. Martzall said Facebook removed the post from the department’s page after police reported the story as . We attempted to contact the administrator at MajorThoughts.com, which is registered to an address in Sunrise, Fla. , but we didn’t get a response. Besides basing its  on a racist stereotype of Chinese eating dogs, this  story makes up every detail it cites. We rate this distasteful fabrication !
Statement: Says there are no political prisoners in Cuba.
Speaker: raúl castro
About the speaker: Raúl Castro is a Cuban politican who has been President of Cuba since 2008. Castro was a rebel commander in the Cuban Revolution in the 1950s, and served in multiple leadership positions under his brother, Fidel. 
Date: March 21, 2016
Topics: global news service;human rights
Context: Havana
Fact-check justification: Castro said there are no political prisoners in Cuba. Numerous activists and human rights groups beg to differ. While it is impossible to get an exact count, given the opaqueness of Cuba’s criminal justice system and the variations in definitions, there are at least a handful of political prisoners in the country. Castro is really downplaying his regime’s weekly crackdowns on demonstrators who want free expression. We rate Castro’s  .
Statement: Marijuana and THC "have caused emergency room visits to skyrocket.
Speaker: patrick kennedy
About the speaker: Patrick Kennedy is a former Democratic congressman from Rhode Island. He served from 1995 to 2011, opting not to seek re-election in 2010 following the death of his father, Massachusetts Sen. Ted Kennedy.
Date: April 17, 2018
Topics: corrections and updates;punditfact;marijuana
Context: an editorial
Fact-check justification: Kennedy wrote that marijuana and THC, "have caused emergency room visits to skyrocket." It is  that hospitalizations have increased over the last decade by people using marijuana, both in states like Colorado that have legalized recreational cannabis and nationwide. However, due to the way hospitals keep patient records, it is impossible to say that marijuana is the cause of these visits. Rather, it is possible that the higher numbers of high patients are due simply to the fact that more people are using marijuana overall. To say that marijuana is causing emergency room visits to skyrocket is unfounded based on the limited data that has been collected. We rate this  . Correction:  This article has been revised to better reflect uncertainty about the long-term medical effects of marijuana. It does not change the rating of the fact-check.
Statement: Since 2000, when he entered politics, Jon Husted has been on the ballot six times for three different political offices.
Speaker: maryellen o'shaughnessy
About the speaker: Maryellen O'Shaughnessy is a Democratic candidate for Ohio secretary of state. She presently is the clerk of courts in Franklin County.
Date: September 27, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: elections
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: He ran for state representative – and won each time – in 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006. Husted was term-limited after his fourth win, so he ran for state senate, and won, in 2008, according to the secretary of state’s website. In Ohio, state representatives serve two-year terms and senators serve four-year terms. His candidacy this year for secretary of state marks his sixth appearance on the ballot for his third different political office. We find O’Shaughnessy’s statement .
Statement: We beat the NRA with tough, tough gun laws" in Colorado.
Speaker: john hickenlooper
About the speaker: John Hickenlooper is a former governor of Colorado. Hickenlooper served as a governor from 2011 to 2019. From 2003 until 2011, he was mayor of Denver. He received a bachelor’s degree in English from Wesleyan University and a master’s degree in geology from Wesleyan University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in August.
Date: May 19, 2019
Location: national
Topics: government regulation;states;guns
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Hickenlooper said, "We beat the NRA with tough, tough gun laws" in Colorado. The National Rifle Association did oppose two bills Hickenlooper signed as governor of Colorado in 2013. One, requiring universal background checks, is law in only 11 states; the other, banning high-capacity magazines, is law in only nine states. We rate Hickenlooper’s statement .
Statement: There have been five randomized controlled, placebo controlled trials that do not show any benefit to hydroxychloroquine.
Speaker: brett giroir
About the speaker: ADM Brett P. Giroir, M.D., was sworn in as the 16th Assistant Secretary for Health at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on February 15, 2018. The Assistant Secretary for Health leads development of HHS-wide public health policy recommendations and oversees several of the Department’s core public health offices — including the Office of the Surgeon General. His office leads many critical national initiatives, including an historic new plan to end the HIV Epidemic in America, the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, the revised Common Rule and a cross-agency effort to improve the outcomes of patients living with sickle cell disease. In addition, ADM Giroir serves as Senior Adviser to the Secretary for Opioid Policy, responsible for coordinating HHS’s efforts across the Administration to fight America's opioid crisis. ADM Giroir is a pediatric critical care specialist and physician-scientist, who has served in a number of leadership positions in the federal government as well as academia. He was executive vice president and CEO of Texas A&M's Health Science Center from 2013-2015, and professor of pediatrics and engineering, having earlier served as vice chancellor of strategic initiatives (2011-2013) and vice chancellor for research (2008-2011) for the Texas A&M University system. Prior, he was professor of pediatrics and endowed chair at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center from 1993-2003, and was the first chief medical officer of Children's Medical Center of Dallas (now Children's Health).
Date: August 2, 2020
Location: national
Topics: coronavirus
Context: an interview on NBC's Meet the Press
Fact-check justification: Giroir said there were five "randomized controlled, placebo controlled trials that do not show any benefit to hydroxychloroquine." He is largely correct. There have been more than five randomized controlled trials that found hydroxychloroquine ineffective, either at preventing people from catching the virus, or helping them recover if they become ill. He exaggerated the number of studies that used placebos — out of his list, two did and three did not. The infectious disease modeler we reached said placebos improve the quality of a study, but the lack of one matters less if the results are in line with placebo-driven trials. We rate this  .
Statement: The Republicans' alternative health care plan "will still let insurers raise premiums four times faster than wages.
Speaker: americans united for change
About the speaker: A liberal advocacy group, Americans United For Change states on its Web site that it was founded in 2005 to fend off President Bush's plan to privatize Social Security. In 2006, the organization "broadened its scope to build broad public and congressional support for action on a wide range of long-stalled policy issues."
Date: November 5, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: And for the large group market (which represents 80 percent of private premiums), the GOP plan would reduce premiums in 2016 by 0 to 3 percent. The CBO cautioned that those estimates are "very preliminary and are subject to an unusually high degree of uncertainty" because of the difficulty in trying to disentangle how various proposals in the plan might affect premiums. Still, the CBO has done the most thorough and objective analysis of the bill, while the liberal groups have merely assumed that past trends will continue. Given the CBO's role as a nonpartisan, well-respected authority, we find its estimates more persuasive. We find the Americans United  to be .
Statement: Since 2014, "each year, (NATO) nations have been increasing their contributions.
Speaker: john kerry
About the speaker: John Kerry is the secretary of state. He previously was a senator from Massachusetts and the Democratic Party's nominee for president in 2004.
Date: July 11, 2018
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Kerry said that NATO members have been increasing their contributions. Total defense spending by the European members rose 8 percent or $20 billion dollars from 2014 to 2017. We rate this  .
Statement: In Ohio, we invested in our children, raising school funding by 5.5 percent in the last budget.
Speaker: ted strickland
About the speaker: Ted Strickland was governor of Ohio from 2007 through 2010. He lost his bid for re-election in 2010 to Republican John Kasich.
Date: July 6, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: education
Context: a campaign speech
Fact-check justification: The natural impression left by the governor’s words "we invested in our children, increasing school funding" is that Ohio’s state government took steps to increase the amount it puts toward education. In fact, it was the federal government that has invested more in Ohio’s children. And six out of 10 Ohio schools districts have less money to spend on operations than they did in the previous budget under Strickland. We find the governor’s  to be . Comment on this item .