chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Jim Renacci tried to avoid paying taxes on nearly $14 million that he made.
Speaker: betty sutton
About the speaker: Rep. Betty Sutton is a Democrat from Ohio's 13th Congressional District.
Date: October 17, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: message machine 2012;negative campaigning;taxes
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: And he didn’t amend his return, despite an explicit 2002 warning from Ohio’s tax Department that he could face penalties for fraud and failure to pay if he didn’t. But Renacci ultimately worked within the system to resolve the case, paid the full amount that was due, and was not ever charged with tax fraud. The  in this ad is an easier call. Reams of legal documents show that Renacci battled with the state over trust income from an S corporation, trying to avoid paying taxes on the $13.7 million at issue in the case. On the -O-Meter, Sutton’s  rates .
Statement: I had the longest judicial vacancy in the history of the United States.
Speaker: richard burr
About the speaker: Richard Burr, a Republican from North Carolina, has been a U.S. Senator since 2005.
Date: October 29, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: candidate biography;history;legal issues;supreme court
Context: a private meeting with supporters
Fact-check justification: Sen. Richard Burr said he is personally responsible for "the longest judicial vacancy in the history of the United States." The 11-year vacancy he’s talking about does hold the record for federal district court seats, but not for all federal courts – at least not yet. In terms of his responsibility for the district court vacancy, Burr is right that he’s a large reason why it’s still empty. But he doesn’t get 100 percent of the credit or blame. Democrats blocked Bush’s nominee to the seat from 2006 until 2008. If they hadn’t, this vacancy would have been filled a decade ago. But that didn’t happen, and Burr is right that he’s responsible for keeping the seat empty. We rate this  .
Statement: When comparing state by state, the data clearly demonstrates that over 20 other states with (Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs) are still substantially worse off than Missouri in terms of curbing the effects of opioid abuse.
Speaker: cindy o’laughlin
About the speaker: Cindy O’Laughlin is a Republican member of the Missouri state Senate.
Date: February 14, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: drugs;legal issues;public health
Context: an opinion piece
Fact-check justification: State Sen. Cindy O’Laughlin said, "When comparing state by state, the data clearly demonstrates that over twenty other states with PDMPs are still substantially worse off than Missouri in terms of curbing the effects of opioid abuse." Among the states, Missouri does rank 21st from the bottom in opioid overdose deaths. Equally important, there’s a wide variation in how PDMP programs are structured and can’t be compared directly. Academic studies cite other challenges in judging the effectiveness of PDMPs beyond mortality rates. We rate this  .
Statement: For the cost of the Iraq War we could've ended world hunger for 30 years.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 16, 2014
Topics: iraq;punditfact
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post said the money spent on the Iraq War would have ended world hunger for 30 years. While a back-of-envelope calculation gives the  a superficial appearance of accuracy, below the surface it lacks substance. We found no advocacy group or expert who expressed confidence in the estimates of the total number of people who suffer from hunger or in any estimate of what it would cost to end it. A majority felt that the dollars spent on war would have helped a good deal, but the funds would still fall short of the goal. The  uses the appearance of mathematical accuracy to support a bold vision of the future, but that does not make it more sound. We rate the  . Correction:  An earlier version of this fact-check misspelled the name of Oxfam spokeswoman Laura Rusu.
Statement: Texas is growing twice as fast as the rest of the country.
Speaker: joe straus
About the speaker: State Rep. Joe Straus, R-San Antonio, was initially elected the speaker of the Texas House in 2009.
Date: December 15, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: population
Context: campaign video
Fact-check justification: Although Texas is growing faster that the country as a whole, it is not the fastest growing state. Although it ranked second behind North Dakota in 2014, it dropped behind North Dakota, Colorado, Nevada and Florida in 2015, according to data released after Straus published his video. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing.
Statement: Newspapers say Florida made bad investments, lost hundreds of millions of dollars, billions in pension funds lost. Who was in charge of Florida's investments? Alex Sink.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: September 27, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: financial regulation;message machine 2010;retirement;state budget
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification:     In the context of making investments, the ad rightly claims that Florida "lost hundreds of millions of dollars, billions in pension funds lost," as the St. Petersburg Times stories reported. But the ad is  with its implication that Alex Sink was in charge of the funds as chief financial officer. She was one of three members of an oversight panel during a historic decline in investment values, and there are other people who bear responsibility for what happened to Florida's pensions funds, including internal and external financial managers. Still, Sink was one of three members who were in charge of defending the state's interest. The newspaper stories that the ad mentions don't single out Sink as being "in charge." So we rate this statement .
Statement: Says Texas will be "majority Hispanic in six years.
Speaker: george p. bush
About the speaker: George Prescott Bush, formerly a corporate lawyer, won election as Texas land commissioner in 2014. He's renominated to seek a second term in 2018.
Date: January 12, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: population
Context: an interview with The Associated Press
Fact-check justification: Bush said Texas will be majority Hispanic in six years. We suspect Bush was referring to the time that Hispanics become the biggest subgroup of the population, which is projected to occur by 2017 or 2019, according to the state demographer. However, he said "majority," and Hispanics are not projected to make up the majority of residents until 2036 at the earliest. We rate his quoted  as .
Statement: Says "President Obama is using executive actions to impose gun control on the nation, targeting the top-selling rifle in the country ... with a ban on one of the most-used" assault rifle bullets.
Speaker: paul bedard
About the speaker: Paul Bedard is a columnist for the Washington Examiner.
Date: February 27, 2015
Topics: punditfact;guns
Context: the "Washington Examiner"
Fact-check justification: Bedard said Obama was using executive action to impose gun control through a ban on certain bullets. An executive agency, the ATF, has proposed removing an exemption for a specific type of ammunition because gun manufacturers have started selling handguns that fire the rounds. That violates a 1986 federal law, the ATF says, aimed at protecting police from armor piercing bullets. Bedard’s shorthanding this as "executive action" is , though Obama does support the proposal.   Also, it’s worth noting that the ban would not amount to gun control per se; the ATF notes that 168 other varieties of bullets will work in the same weapons. The primary impact would be a higher price for ammunition. And while Bedard says the move targets the rifle version, it is the pistol version and the cartridges it uses that lie at the center of the ATF proposal. The  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give another impression. We rate it . Note: This  was fact-checked as part of a reward to our Kickstarter campaign to live fact-check the 2015 State of the Union. Thanks to all who contributed.
Statement: Says a Texas Senate committee considering "private school voucher" legislation randomly called people to testify regardless of when the people submitted requests to testify.
Speaker: sara stevenson
About the speaker: Sara Stevenson, a middle-school librarian in Austin, wrote an op-ed article for the Austin American-Statesman in April 2012.
Date: April 3, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;education;states;transparency
Context: to the editor of the Austin American-Statesman
Fact-check justification: Stevenson wrote that witnesses who signed up to testify before a Senate panel were called randomly regardless of when each person had submitted a card requesting to speak. She has a point. We confirmed witnesses were not called in the order they signed up and whatever method was used wasn’t made clear. From the standpoint of someone spending all day expecting to testify, "random" is a fair description. We rate the  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. CORRECTION, 1:58 p.m., April 14, 2017 : This story was corrected to identify Ginger Russell as opposing the legislation. This change didn't affect our rating of the .
Statement: Charlie Crist "worked with Acorn" to give felons voting rights.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: March 28, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: civil rights
Context: a U.S. Senate primary debate on FOX News Sunday
Fact-check justification: "We were just as shocked as everybody else that he did it," Porta said, noting that she ultimately hoped Crist would have gone further. In their first debate, Rubio tried to nick Crist's conservative credentials by claiming Crist worked with the beleaguered social advocacy group ACORN on a plan to restore felon voter rights in Florida. But we found no  that he did work with ACORN on felon voter rights and the Rubio campaign provided none itself. In fact, ACORN's top Florida executive said the group had nothing to do Crist's plan and was surprised he was considering it at all. We rate Rubio's  .
Statement: Says he did not tell former President Barack Obama "don't go" after Osama bin Laden
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: January 3, 2020
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;terrorism
Context: a brief interview
Fact-check justification: When Doocy asked Biden "Didn’t you tell President Obama not to go after bin Laden?" Biden replied "No, I didn’t. I didn’t." Biden has created confusion with different accounts about what he told Obama.  In 2012, Biden said he told Obama "don’t go." Biden said he wanted Obama to take additional steps to confirm bin Laden was at the compound. Other Obama-era officials confirm that Biden was skeptical of the mission.  In 2015, Biden said that he later told Obama privately, "I thought he should go, but to follow his own instincts." Biden’s answer to Doocy is hardly the full story and misses critical context. We rate his statement .
Statement: The Coast Guard confiscated 200 tons of contraband, heroin, and so forth. At the border they collected 20 tons.
Speaker: john garamendi
About the speaker: John Garamendi is a Democrat who represents California's 3rd congressional district.
Date: April 2, 2018
Location: california
Topics: homeland security
Context: a CNN interview
Fact-check justification: Garamendi in a CNN interview said, "The Coast Guard confiscated 200 tons of contraband, heroin, and so forth. At the border they collected 20 tons." Garamendi’s office said that the congressman meant to highlight interdictions of cocaine, not heroin.  The Coast Guard in fiscal year 2017 removed 223.8 metric tons of cocaine from non-commercial vessels in drug transit zones. Not all of that is "confiscated" —  it includes cocaine physically seized by the Coast Guard and cocaine discarded or destroyed by criminals in attempts to eliminate . It collected substantially smaller amounts of heroin by comparison. CBP officers and Border Patrol agents seized about 30 metric tons of cocaine in fiscal year 2017. Garamendi’s comparison is partially accurate. We rate it .
Statement: If you have ever visited Nashville or Washington D.C. you will see MANY names and initials carved into ... desks.
Speaker: julia hurley
About the speaker: State representative from Lenoir City for District 32 covering Roane and parts of Loudon County. She is self employed and a Maryville College graduate.
Date: June 23, 2012
Location: tennessee
Context: an email to constituents
Fact-check justification: In Nashville, such carving is effectively prohibited – though it seems there have apparently been occasional episodes of unauthorized carving by someone. Those could have been done by legislators or by most anyone, since the Capitol is open to visits by the public most of the time. There could be other hidden and unauthorized carvings inside some locked desk drawers. But there are surely not "many" carvings of any sort outside the U.S. Senate, and what the representative suggests is a tradition is impossible in U.S. House and prohibited in the state House and state Senate. We rate Hurley’s historical assertion as .
Statement: Medicare "premium support" backed by Republican vice presidential candidate Paul Ryan "is not vouchers.
Speaker: phil gingrey
About the speaker: Phil Gingrey, a Republican, is a congressman from Georgia
Date: August 14, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: health care;medicare
Fact-check justification: Gingrey’s statement that "premium support is not vouchers," has two main problems. It’s fair to argue that Ryan’s plan lacks an essential feature of "premium support" -- being indexed to average health care costs. We think this is a crucial shortcoming. Furthermore, the  draws distinctions that are too fine for a general audience -- and even some experts. We give Gingrey a .
Statement: The United States is "actually screening fewer people (for the coronavirus than other countries) because we don't have appropriate testing.
Speaker: lou dobbs
About the speaker: Lou Dobbs is a television host on Fox Business Network. He was formerly the host of CNN’s ‘Lou Dobbs Tonight’.
Date: March 2, 2020
Location: national
Topics: public health;pundits;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Dobbs said that the United States is "actually screening fewer people (for the coronavirus than other countries) because we don’t have appropriate testing." Experts told us that to date, the United States has lagged behind other countries, though numbers are imprecise. An error with the CDC’s early test kits contributed to the United States’ relatively low screening numbers. The administration has taken steps to make testing more widely available. With that additional information, we rate Dobbs’ statement .
Statement: CNN confirms Trump WILL be ARRESTED.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 16, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We found no  that the network reported as fact that Trump will be arrested.   This post is similar to another  we recently checked that "MSNBC announced Trump won (the) 2020 election." What actually happened: A guest on an MSNBC show said that Trump won the election, which the show’s host then said was . So is the  that CNN confirmed Trump will be arrested. We rate it .
Statement: Forty-five states allow open carry of firearms.
Speaker: marion hammer
About the speaker: Marion Hammer is a past president of the National Rifle Association and Executive Director of Unified Sportsmen of Florida. She lobbies Florida legislators on gun issues.
Date: November 1, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: guns
Context: a column on the National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action website
Fact-check justification: Hammer said, "Forty-five states allow open carry of firearms." Groups both for and against stricter gun laws told us there are five states that have laws banning open carry for handguns: California, Florida, Illinois, New York and South Carolina. It’s worth remembering, however, that the laws in some open-carry states are not as permissive as Hammer makes it seem. Several states have restrictions on the open carry of certain types of firearms, and in some places the rules are stricter than others.   We rate Hammer’s statement .
Statement: Texas leads the country in animal deaths by sodium cyanide M-44s.
Speaker: ann hudspeth
About the speaker: Ann Hudspeth, an Austin resident, was serving in 2017 as a leader volunteer in the 10th Congressional District of Texas for the Humane Society of the United States.
Date: April 26, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: animals
Context: A letter to the editor of the Austin American-Statesman
Fact-check justification: Hudspeth wrote: "Texas leads the country in animal deaths by sodium cyanide M-44s." Texas would have ranked lower if each state’s tally were adjusted for population or land area, but Hudspeth’s  was only that Texas had more animal deaths than any other. We rate her  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Families in Del Valle, who are City of Austin residents, have to drive to Bastrop to go to the closest grocery store.
Speaker: delia garza
About the speaker: Delia Garza, a 2014 Austin City Council candidate, has worked as Texas assistant attorney general.
Date: October 21, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: population
Context: a news story
Fact-check justification: It may be more stressful to travel to Austin than Bastrop to shop and we can see how the lack of a nearby big grocery is distressing. However, several Austin grocery stores are closer -- by about 10 miles -- than the nearest equivalent Bastrop grocery. This fact makes what Garza said .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: When I was growing up as a kid in the city of Milwaukee, if we averaged 4 homicides a year in the entire city that was a record number.
Speaker: david a. clarke jr.
About the speaker: David A. Clarke Jr. served as Milwaukee County sheriff from 2002 to 2017.
Date: June 22, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: crime;guns
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Just looking at Milwaukee over time, the city’s homicide rate in 1960 was eight times lower than the 2010 rate, we found. Our rating Speaking about changes in the crime picture over time, Clarke said, "When I was growing up as a kid in the city of Milwaukee, if we averaged 4 homicides a year in the entire city that was a record number." The sheriff’s memory misfired. In reality, homicides ranged from 12 to 75 during Clarke’s pre-adult years, accelerating at a steady clip. We rate his  .
Statement: Says U.S. Sen. Sherrod Brown is responsible for "over $14 trillion in debt.
Speaker: jim demint
About the speaker: Jim DeMint is a former U.S. Senator from South Carolina. He is now president of The Heritage Foundation .
Date: June 27, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The biggest problem with DeMint’s argument is that it oversimplifies how Washington works by ignoring that spending agendas are set by party leadership and succeed only when leaders win collective support. The argument also ignores the impact of recessions and wars, and all the other spending and borrowing that produces debt. So where does this leave DeMint’s original ?      Brown has certainly voted for spending programs and to raise the debt ceiling, but DeMint left himself little wiggle room in a statement designed to score political points. On the -O-Meter, his  rates .
Statement: Dan Gelber's employment by BP's law firm "could disqualify him from representing Florida against BP as Attorney General.
Speaker: dave aronberg
About the speaker: Dave Aronberg is a former state senator from Palm Beach County who campaigned to be Florida Attorney General and was defeated in the Democratic Primary on Aug. 24, 2010. He was elected Palm Beach State Attorney in 2012.
Date: July 2, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;legal issues;oil spill
Context: an e-mail to supporters
Fact-check justification: Legal experts and law professors are clear that for Gelber to ever be removed in a case against BP, he needs to have had access to confidential information while working at Akerman Senterfitt. Put another way, it's not enough that he worked at Akerman for a month or so while the firm represented BP to disqualify him from pursuing a case against the oil giant. What  is there that Gelber received confidential or privileged information? None. We couldn't find it. Neither could Aronberg. Nor has it been reported somewhere else. That brings us to Aronberg's use of the word "could" in his  -- Dan Gelber's employment by BP’s law firm "could disqualify him from representing Florida against BP as Attorney General." We have to acknowledge that anything is possible. New information could come to light significantly tying Gelber to the BP case, and that indeed could lead to his disqualification. But it isn't here yet, and in the absence of that information, Aronberg's  sounds more like a scare tactic than rooted in some finding of fact. We rate his statement .
Statement: There is no planned air-conditioned restaurant out on the Lens.
Speaker: kathleen ford
About the speaker: Kathleen Ford is a candidate in the St. Petersburg mayoral race in 2013. Ford is a former City Council member who unsuccessfully ran for mayor in 2001 and 2009.
Date: August 6, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: recreation;tourism
Context: a mayoral debate
Fact-check justification: Ford said, "There is no planned air-conditioned restaurant out on the Lens." Ford's specific wording is technically accurate, but it ignores the fact that there are two places to get food that are part of the Lens project. The latest designs from the architect envision an open-air cafe at the endpoint of the Lens. The cafe's final design awaits collaboration between Columbia ownership and architects, and those talks are stalled with the big vote on the Lens on Aug. 27. Further, the Columbia will open a separate air-conditioned restaurant that's on the approach to the Lens and has a waterfront view. Her statement is accurate but needs clarification and additional information. We rate this .