chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Gwen Graham owns a $14 million stake in her family's company that's behind the American Dream Mall. ... While Graham and her family will make millions, Florida will be stuck with poverty wage jobs, endangered wildlife and massive traffic congestion.
Speaker: unite here florida pac
About the speaker: Unite Here Florida PAC is a labor group that largely represents service workers.
Date: August 16, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: environment;jobs;poverty
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A Unite Here Florida TV ad said, "Gwen Graham owns a $14 million stake in her family’s company that’s behind the American Dream Mall. ... While Graham and her family will make millions, Florida will be stuck with poverty wage jobs, endangered wildlife and massive traffic congestion." The ad was imprecise when it said that her family’s company is "behind the American Dream Mall." That could create a  impression that her family is developing the mall. Her family owns about 80 acres which is under contract for the developer, less than half of the future mall site. We don’t know how much Graham and her family will earn from the sale of the land, which is under contract, but one real estate analyst told us the sale could be for millions of dollars. Graham’s financial disclosure shows she owned $13.7 million in stock in the Graham Companies in 2017. Graham has not been on the board of her family's company since she won elected office. About two-thirds of the permanent jobs will pay less than $25,000. That is the federal poverty guideline for a family of four, but more than twice the poverty level for an individual. Plans show that the development site includes habitats for threatened and endangered species and will add to traffic in the area. We rate this statement .
Statement: Democrat's New Plan: Tax billionaires to lower the deficit by $1 TRILLION and fund clean energy independence. Republican's New Plan: Raise taxes on households earning less than $50,000 by an ADDITIONAL $4,500 after CUTTING taxes for the rich.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 30, 2022
Location: national
Topics: taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that the Democrats’ proposal would "tax billionaires to lower the deficit by $1 TRILLION and fund clean energy independence," while the Republicans’ plan would "raise taxes on households earning less than $50,000 by an ADDITIONAL $4,500 after CUTTING taxes for the rich." The  exaggerated what both the Democratic proposal and the Republican plan would do, if implemented. It also left out broader context about the initiatives and who proposed them. We rate this  .
Statement: Americans "bought into climate change" in 2004-06, but then most "began wandering away from this issue.
Speaker: joe scarborough
About the speaker: Joe Scarborough, a former Republican congressman from Florida, is the host of "Morning Joe" on MSNBC. He is a lawyer with Beggs and Lane, the oldest firm in Florida and a former publisher and editor of "The Florida Sun," a newspaper.
Date: May 12, 2014
Topics: environment;climate change;polls and public opinion;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: Scarborough said Americans have "have wandered away" from the issue of climate change since 2004. They certainly did, as polls consistently show dips through 2010. However, support has inched back in recent years.  While the recent gains remain below the 2004 levels, the overall drop isn't as dramatic as Scarborough makes it sound. We rate this  .
Statement: Says that Steve Watkins "bragged to voters that he built his company from scratch, but it was all a lie.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: October 5, 2018
Location: national
Topics: small business
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee said Watkins’ lied to voters about building a company from scratch. We found that Watkins did not own or build the company, VIAP, from the ground up in the Middle East, as he claimed to voters in the past. He did, however, oversee and expand a small team into hundreds during his time in Iraq and Afghanistan under a new arm of Versar. Watkins did exaggerate his background with the company, but he did work there when it was growing. The DCCC says it was "all a lie," but that’s an exaggeration, too. We rate the DCCC’s  .
Statement: I have consistently voted against the Hyde Amendment.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: June 6, 2019
Location: national
Topics: abortion
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Sanders tweeted, "I have consistently voted against the Hyde Amendment." Sanders’ comments suggest a purity on the issue that isn’t possible for senators who want to vote in favor of major spending bills to fund the government. He has a point that when the Hyde Amendment has come up as a stand-alone measure, he has voted with the pro-abortion-rights side. However, Sanders left out that he has voted numerous times for broad spending bills that included a version of the Hyde Amendment. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: A scarecrow discovered on a Texas ranch was actually a human skeleton.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 26, 2019
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Marrow replied. "He was originally going to have a cardboard box over his head … but it looked weird and awkward so I went with a burlap sack. "  Marrow later wrote in comments that he took the photos at an abandoned farmhouse outside of Wellington, New Zealand. On section of a Halloween-themed internet forum called "props and prop building," Marrow said that the scarecrow corpse was "built from scratch" using newspaper and masking tape. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says the claims that Texas faces a $27 billion shortfall "are flat-out false.
Speaker: talmadge heflin
About the speaker: Talmadge Heflin, a former Texas House member who once chaired the House Appropriations Committee, directs the conservative Texas Public Policy Foundation's Center for Fiscal Policy.
Date: January 10, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: state budget
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Heflin said he has no quibble with its methodology, but disputes the premise that lawmakers should maintain existing services. When "you know you don’t have the money, you know you have to trim back," Heflin said. He followed up via e-mail: "There was never a possibility of funding a current-services’ budget plus wish lists and growth." Our sense: Heflin’s statement rejects a shortfall calculation that seems a reasonable way to estimate how much it would cost Texas to keep up services. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Sen. Mitch McConnell is "the No. 1 recipient of contributions from lobbyists this cycle.
Speaker: alison lundergan grimes
About the speaker: Alison Lundergan Grimes is a Democrat challenging Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., for his Senate seat in 2014. She currently serves as Kentucky's secretary of state.
Date: March 27, 2014
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;congress;negative campaigning
Context: a campaign email to supporters
Fact-check justification: Lundergan Grimes said McConnell is "the No. 1 recipient of contributions from lobbyists this cycle." Based on the analysis from Open Secrets, McConnell tops the chart for 2014. That’s probably a perk of his party position more than anything. As noted, Speaker Boehner is right behind him and Reid was the No. 1 recipient during his 2010 campaign. But that doesn’t change the accuracy of the . We rate it .
Statement: Congressman Ryan has secured a grand total of $116,838,763 to date (for the Mahoning Valley) and has an additional $27,095,000 pending in FY2010 spending bills.
Speaker: tim ryan
About the speaker: Tim Ryan is a representative of Ohio’s 13th Congressional District. Ryan served the state’s 17th Congressional District from 2003 until 2013, when he assumed office to represent the 13th District. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president. In 2022, he is running for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat.
Date: November 17, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: federal budget
Context: a website posting
Fact-check justification: Defense topped the list, with a total of $61,154,000 passed and signed. The money included $17.5 million in earmarks for fiscal 2007, which Ryan inserted into a Defense Department spending bill, for Lockheed Martin's development in Akron of a high-altitude airship. Detailed breakdowns appear on Ryan's congressional website. The figures match those listed by critics of earmarks, Taxpayers for Common Sense and the Center for Responsive Politics . We rate Ryan's statement as .
Statement: Congressional Republicans "want to take health care from millions of Americans in order to pay for" a tax bill.
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: November 14, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: health care;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Cuomo said that congressional Republicans "want to take health care from millions of Americans in order to pay for" a tax bill. Cuomo has a point that Republicans would be able to increase the size of their tax cuts if they could count on a projected $338 billion in added revenue over 10 years, and ending the individual mandate would result in an estimated 13 million fewer Americans with health coverage by 2027. However, it’s worth pointing out that ending the individual mandate isn’t the same thing as stripping away health insurance away for a large number of Americans. While some would lose access to health insurance due to increased premiums, many others would drop their coverage voluntarily. We rate the statement .
Statement: Seven times Obama could have stopped China's cheating. Seven times, he refused.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: September 13, 2012
Location: national
Topics: china;jobs;foreign policy;message machine 2012;trade
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A Romney campaign ad claims that "seven times Obama could have stopped China's cheating. Seven times, he refused." It’s  that the Obama administration passed up seven opportunities to label China a currency manipulator, something it’s been encouraged to do by some members of Congress, unions and businesses. But that designation in 1994 and earlier didn’t stop the kind of "cheating" Romney’s talking about. Meanwhile, the ad makes it sound as though Obama "refused" to take on China over unfair trade practices. The administration hasn’t done as much as some on the right and left have demanded, but among other things it has filed seven trade cases with the WTO — with more coming — and engaged in diplomatic talks. The  is partially accurate, but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Says Holly Turner "failed to vote in five straight Republican primaries.
Speaker: paul workman
About the speaker: Paul Workman is the founder of Workman Commercial Construction and director of development for T. Stacy & Associates. He was initially elected to the Texas House in 2010.
Date: April 3, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: elections
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: So, interviews indicate that Turner voted in the GOP primaries of 2008 and 2010, but didn't vote in the primaries of 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006 — five in a row. As we finalized this article, Murphy backed off some of his earlier claims about Turner's voting record. Murphy said Turner thought that when she lived in New Braunfels — which crosses county lines — she was a resident of Comal County when, in fact, she was living in Guadalupe County. "I apologize for the rabbit chase on this," he said Murphy said: "Holly Turner did not vote in the five primaries" claimed by Workman. We rate Workman's statement as .
Statement: Bin Laden had declared war against Pakistan.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 1, 2011
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military;terrorism
Context: an address to the nation
Fact-check justification: In fact, bin Laden declared a holy war against Pakistan's then-president, Musharraf, because of his cooperation with the United States in its war against al-Qaida. Bin Laden clearly had some support in Pakistan (Exhibit A: that was his final hiding place). In the end, we think there are credible arguments to be made that there is little distinction between declaring a holy war on a country's leader and military versus the country itself. But unlike his declared holy war against America, bin Laden was seeking to spark a rebellion in Pakistan against Musharraf, so he could be replaced with an Islamist leader. And so we rule Obama's statement .
Statement: There's 21 congressmen and senators that have been convicted of felonies that still get their retirement, even in jail. They don't have to wait until they're 65.
Speaker: jesse ventura
About the speaker: Jesse Ventura is an author, a former governor of Minnesota (1999-2003) and a former professional wrestler.
Date: September 14, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: congress;crime;pensions;retirement
Context: an interview on MyCentralJersey.com
Fact-check justification: Ventura claimed in an interview that "there’s 21 congressmen and senators convicted of felonies that still get their retirement, even in jail. They don’t have to wait until they’re 65." For this fact-check, we looked only at the  that federal lawmakers convicted of felonies and can still collect retirement benefits while in jail. We attempted to count the number of convicted national lawmakers, but there are multiple public databases with conflicting information on the number of congressmen and senators convicted of felonies. In most cases, a congressman or senator convicted of a felony can receive his pension as long as the charge is not one that violates national security or relates to public corruption and abuse of official position. Members also receive pensions based on completed years of service, not an age requirement of 65. We rate the  . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says Betsy DeVos and her family "have donated extensively to groups which promote the idea that students who identify as LGBT must undergo 'conversion' therapy.
Speaker: mark pocan
About the speaker: Mark Pocan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2nd Congressional District on Nov. 6, 2012. He is from Madison and previously served as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin state Assembly. 
Date: January 11, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;health care;lgbtq;sexuality
Context: a letter
Fact-check justification: Our rating Pocan says DeVos and her family "have donated extensively to groups which promote the idea that students who identify as LGBT must undergo 'conversion' therapy." A family foundation that listed DeVos as the vice president has given millions of dollars over more than a decade to one of two groups cited by Pocan, Focus on the Family. But we couldn’t find  of donations to the Traditional Values Coalition. And although there are indications that both groups support conversion therapy, we didn’t find  that they promote the idea that students who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender must undergo it. For a statement that contains only an element of , our rating is .
Statement: Austin Energy is considering its first rate increase since 1994.
Speaker: kathie tovo
About the speaker: Kathie Tovo, who initially won election to the Austin City Council in 2011, won election to the District 9 single-member council district in 2014. Tovo is a former member of the city planning commission and former vice president of the Austin Neighborhoods Council, her campaign biography says.
Date: May 1, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: city budget;city government;energy
Context: “Voters Guide,” League of Women Voters of the Austin Area
Fact-check justification: According to our check using the Consumer Price Index inflation calculator posted online by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the 2011 bill actually ends up about $15 less than the comparable 1994 bill. When we ran this by Austin economist Stuart Greenfield, he pointed out that according to a finer inflation adjustment tied to household energy prices, the average August 2010 bill was about $33 less than what it was in 1994. At a glance, still, Tovo’s statement could leave the misimpression that utility customers haven’t had to dig out more dollars for electricity since 1994. They have. We rate the statement .
Statement: Access for 12,000 women to use Planned Parenthood -- "not for the right to choose," but for "basic health care" -- was "taken away" by Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker and Lt. Gov. Rebecca Kleefisch.
Speaker: mahlon mitchell
About the speaker: Mahlon Mitchell has served as president of the Professional Fire Fighters of Wisconsin union since January 2011. A Democrat, he lost to Republican Lt. Gov. Rebecca Kleefisch in Wisconsin's June 2012 recall elections. In November 2017, he announced his candidacy for governor in the 2018 election.
Date: May 11, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;health care;public health;women
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Citing the state budget backed by Walker and Kleefisch, Mitchell said "12,000 women that used to go to Planned Parenthood -- not for the woman’s right to choose, mind you, but for basic health care -- that's been taken away." The budget did take away money Planned Parenthood said it used to serve 12,000 women in nine counties. Women can still use the clinics, but clearly Planned Parenthood is less able to provide services. As for the money not being for "the woman’s right to choose," it did not fund abortions, but did fund family planning services as well as basic health care. We rate Mitchell’s statement .
Statement: Texas' population is projected to double in the next 50 years or so, but our basic amount of water will remain about where it is now.
Speaker: kirk watson
About the speaker: Kirk Watson, who initially won his seat in the Texas Senate in 2006, was previously mayor of Austin. Earlier, he served on the Texas Air Control Board, precursor to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. He was the 2002 Democratic nominee for Texas attorney general.
Date: October 21, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: population;water
Context: an answer for the League of Women Voters, Austiin Area, Voters Guide
Fact-check justification: The senator said the state’s "population is projected to double in the next 50 years or so, but our basic amount of water will remain about where it is now." In fact, Texas is expected to have at least a tad less water by 2060, the latest state water plan says. Also, the population will not double until an uncertain date, but has been projected to increase 82 percent between 2010 and 2060. Watson’s , lacking these clarifications, rates . Clarification, 3:33 p.m. Nov. 9, 2012: This article includes revised paragraphs regarding what the state water plan contains. This change did not affect the rating.
Statement: A photo shows Queen Elizabeth giggling because Prince Philip surprised her dressed in uniform as a palace guard.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 10, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: BBC News spoke with the photographer who snapped the picture. Chris Young, who worked for the Press Association at the time, was covering an event at Windsor Castle in 2003. Philip, who was a colonel of the Queen’s Regiment, was standing in full military uniform to accompany her when a swarm of bees disrupted the gathering.   "She was giggling like a little girl, and he was laughing, too," said Young, who captured a rare candid moment between the couple.   We rate this post .
Statement: Brittney Griner is really a man.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 7, 2022
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: Social media users  that Griner is really a man, but Griner has spoken often about the hurtful comments and bullying she has faced over the years, including often being mistaken for a male because of her physical appearance. We rate this  !