chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says liberals are trying to make pedophilia legal "in preparation of Sharia Law in America.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 20, 2015
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: Nevertheless, the story’s message is . The article’s content seems to suggest that the Democratic Party’s support of the gay community, Muslims, and the successful bids of Democratic Muslim congresswomen Rashida Tlaib and Ihan Omar is reason enought to  that the party is aiming to make pedophilia legal. There is no  that any U.S. politician, liberal or otherwise, is trying to make pedophilia legal or that they are pushing any sort of religious views or laws. The  is  and . !
Statement: If you're a … wealthy CEO or a … hedge fund manager in America right now, your taxes are … lower than they've been since the 1950s.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 29, 2011
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: The top marginal income tax rates were lower between 1988 and 1992 than they are today, but otherwise, Obama is right. They were higher for the other years. Meanwhile, the rates that are used to tax carried interest for hedge-fund managers have been at historical lows since 2003. And effective tax rates for high-income earners were either at their lowest since 1960 or very close to their lowest (at least according to the most recent data available). On balance, we rate Obama’s statement .
Statement: North Carolina last year was second in the nation in overdose deaths
Speaker: harry brown
About the speaker: Harry Brown, a Jacksonville Republican, is the NC Senate Majority Leader. He represents District 6.
Date: April 9, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: drugs
Context: a committee meeting
Fact-check justification: But even what he meant to say — that NC had the second-largest increase in total drug deaths — is based on an outdated stat. We rate his  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] .
Statement: Ken Lanci is a lifelong Clevelander
Speaker: ken lanci
About the speaker: Chairman and chief executive of Consolidated Graphics Group Inc.; ran for Cuyahoga County Executive in 2010.
Date: May 1, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: candidate biography
Context: news release, website
Fact-check justification: He graduated from high school in another community. He has had residencies and voted in other communities. At one point he served in local government in another community. In running for mayor of the city, Lanci is seeking the votes of an electorate he has never previously been part of. A statement that has some accuracy but is lacking important details that are needed to put it into context gets one rating on the -O-Meter: .
Statement: President Barack Obama's budget threatens national security by proposing "an Army of fewer personnel than we had before Pearl Harbor.
Speaker: jim sensenbrenner
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner, R-Wis., has served in Congress since 1979. He represents a district covering Milwaukee suburbs.
Date: April 15, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: a town-hall meeting
Fact-check justification: And the comparison of today’s military to its predecessors in 1917 or 1947 was deemed . Our rating Sensenbrenner said that President Obama’s budget proposed "an Army of fewer personnel than we had before Pearl Harbor." The congressman doesn’t read as much into the numbers as did Romney. But he flubbed the historical comparison pointed out by others, and experts say it’s a limited and potentially  comparison in any event. We rate the  .
Statement: The NAACP has received credible information that some of the white nationalist groups … will be looking to snatch black men and boys and hang them, shoot them, torture them and kill them.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 6, 2020
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "We are calling on all Georgians to remain calm as election results surface throughout the week," the group’s president, Rev. James Woodall, said in a statement. "We are getting numerous reports of misinformation that is being used to invoke fear in our communities as a distraction to our huge success in Black voter participation. "  We rate this Facebook post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Under Mayor Tom Barrett, the number of Milwaukee police officers "has not increased.
Speaker: bob donovan
About the speaker: Bob Donovan is a Milwaukee alderman, representing a district on the city's south side.  He was elected to the Common Council in 2000. In July 2014 he declared himself a candidate for mayor of Milwaukee in the 2016 election.
Date: July 29, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: city budget;crime
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: The mayor will propose his 2015 budget in September. Our rating Donovan said the number of Milwaukee police officers "has not increased" under Mayor Tom Barrett. Donovan’s  is on target because reports from the city’s Fire and Police Commission indicate a decline in the number of officers since 2004. And other measuring sticks offered by Barrett’s office show the same trend. We rate Donovan’s  .
Statement: $360 million of our tax dollars went straight to ... the Taliban.
Speaker: alan grayson
About the speaker: Alan Grayson was initially elected to Congress in 2008, then defeated for re-election in 2010. He was elected again to Congress from a different district in 2012. He lost the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate in Florida in 2016.
Date: September 1, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: afghanistan;iraq;military
Context: an e-mail to supporters about his opposition to the Iraq and Afghanistan wars
Fact-check justification: But Grayson's statement comes with two minor caveats. He said that tax dollars went "straight to ... the Taliban." The process is actually more complicated and involved a type of money laundering. And the money went to bad actors other than the Taliban in some cases. Those are noteworthy clarifications and enough to rate Grayson's statement .
Statement: Says a quote defending President Donald Trump can be attributed to Clint Eastwood.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 28, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: That post included a meme that showed a photo of Eastwood and quoted him as saying, "If Congress really gave a rat’s ass about the American people, they would resign. "  For what it’s worth, we checked Google and Nexis and could not verify that Eastwood ever made that statement about Congress, either.   In 2013, he did criticize Washington, saying, "It’s almost like they don’t give a damn." He also spoke at the Republican National Convention in 2012. We rate this post .
Statement: Social Security has never contributed one cent to the deficit. Not one cent.
Speaker: jeff merkley
About the speaker: Jeff Merkley is a Democratic senator from Oregon. He was elected in 2008. Merkley won his first campaign for the Oregon Legislature as a representative in 1998. He was elected Democratic leader in 2003 and speaker of the House in 2007. He studied international relations at Stanford University and earned a graduate degree in public policy at Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
Date: August 7, 2014
Location: oregon
Topics: social security
Context: a roundtable discussion with senior citizens
Fact-check justification: The senator argues, reasonably, both that Social Security is by law a closed system, and that its trust fund is sufficient for now to cover the current gap. It’s also , however, that these gaps do affect other parts of the federal government because they require borrowing elsewhere to make up the difference. We rate Merkley’s  . Thoughts on the ruling? Click on over to OregonLive/politics.com to join the discussion.
Statement: There is "no system to vet" refugees from the Middle East.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 13, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration;terrorism
Context: a speech on terrorism and immigration
Fact-check justification: Trump said there is "no system to vet" refugees from the Middle East. While there are concerns about information gaps, a system does exist and has existed since 1980. It involves multiple federal intelligence and security agencies as well as the United Nations. Refugee vetting typically takes one to two years and includes numerous rounds of security checks. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: The Lancet peer-reviewed study confirms vaccine efficacy, not as 95% stated by the vaccine companies, but as: AstraZeneca 1.3%; Moderna 1.2%; J&J 1.2%; Pfizer 0.84%.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 26, 2021
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post says, "The Lancet peer-reviewed study confirms vaccine efficacy, not as 95% stated by the vaccine companies, but as: AstraZeneca 1.3%; Moderna 1.2%; J&J 1.2%; Pfizer 0.84%." The post says the vaccine developers "deceived everyone." The Lancet Microbe article cited as  was a commentary, not a peer-reviewed study. And the commentary did not say that the COVID-19 vaccines don’t work, or that the widely reported vaccine efficacy numbers — such as Pfizer’s 95% efficacy — were . The post errs by conflating two different efficacy measures to give the  impression that the vaccines are far less effective than advertised, and that the vaccine developers gave  numbers to the public.  We rate this Instagram post .
Statement: Charles Darwin predicted a sub-species of humans "will deny biology" and "attempt to undo the centuries of human development by rewriting history.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 15, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Searching these and other writings we could find online, we found nothing like what appears in the Facebook post.   We didn’t turn up any other  searching more broadly online. The quotation doesn’t appear in the University of Cambridge’s Darwin Correspondence Project site, though it does appear on several meme sites, and in one case , someone said he was explaining supporters of former President Donald Trump. That is also baseless — not to mention Darwin died 64 years before Trump was born. We rate claims that this is an authentic Darwin quote .
Statement: Rick Scott's former health care company, Columbia/HCA, committed "fraud.
Speaker: bill mccollum
About the speaker: Bill McCollum is a former Florida Attorney General. He campaigned to be governor and was defeated in the Republican primary on Aug. 24, 2010. 
Date: June 10, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;health care
Context: a statement from his campaign
Fact-check justification: Scott was in charge so he bears some responsibility and has said so. But there has yet to come to light any detail of how much he knew, and when he knew it. Though that won’t keep us from looking. McCollum's campaign, in a statement, said Rick Scott's former company Columbia/HCA committed fraud. We rate the statement .
Statement: A recent Gallup poll found that 72 percent of Americans and 56 percent of Democrats "say the biggest threat to our nation's security is big government.
Speaker: marsha blackburn
About the speaker: Marsha Blackburn, a native of Laurel, Miss., was first elected to represent Tennessee’s 7th Congressional District in 2002. Blackburn was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018,
Date: April 12, 2014
Location: national
Topics: government regulation;polls and public opinion
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Blackburn said a recent Gallup poll found that 72 percent of Americans and 56 percent of Democrats "say the biggest threat to our nation's security is big government." She got the numbers right, but the specific poll only offered respondents three options: "big government," "big business" or "big labor." Her phrasing gives the  impression that there is wide consensus -- even among Democrats -- that "big government" is the biggest threat to the nation’s security. Other polls, including Gallup’s own, show that when respondents are asked an open-ended question, other issues such as the economy rise to the top of the list. So Blackburn is essentially cherry-picking among polls. Blackburn’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, so we rate it .
Statement: Illegal immigration "wasn't a subject that was on anybody's mind until I brought it up at my announcement.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 6, 2015
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: the first Republican debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said that if it weren’t for him, Wallace in particular and the media in general wouldn’t be talking about illegal immigration. The numbers tell a very different story. For Wallace and his Fox News show itself, the topic came up just as frequently before Trump announced as afterward. For mentions in major newspapers, the pattern is somewhat mixed, but mentions were common before Trump announced. There’s no doubt Trump’s bombastic comments brought additional attention to the issue, but the issue was on the minds of the media -- and politicians -- before Trump entered the fray. But Trump stated that the topic would not be on the table at all if not for him. That is clearly not the case. We rate this  .
Statement: In the 513 days between Trayvon dying, and today's verdict, 11,106 African-Americans have been murdered by other African-Americans.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: July 14, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: crime
Context: tweets
Fact-check justification: In response to the Zimmerman case, social media repeated this : "In the 513 days between Trayvon dying, and today’s verdict, 11,106 African-Americans have been murdered by other African-Americans." Some who are citing this statistic are using it to portray race as an overemphasized point in the Zimmerman trial. We’re not evaluating that opinion; we’re fact-checking the math based on the available data. The number sounds extremely precise, but it's actually something of a rough guess based on back-of-the envelope math. No one actually knows how many African-Americans were murdered by other African-Americans in that time frame, and the numbers cited are actually an extrapolation of murder statistics for 2005. More current figures from 2011 show fewer deaths. So the specific numbers are not literally accurate. Also, this  lacks important context. Yes, it’s  that the majority of black murder victims are murdered by blacks, but the same holds  for whites: Most whites are murdered by whites. And in both cases, this race statistic is not available for all murders, but only ones where the race of both perpetrator and victim can be determined. The  contains an element of , but it's not fully accurate. We rate this  .
Statement: Gasoline would rise in price by approximately 50 cents a gallon" if the McCain-Lieberman bill became law.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 28, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: West Palm Beach, Fla
Fact-check justification: But again, that's a projection for 2030. Janet Peace, a senior economist with the Pew Center on Global Climate Change, doesn't take issue with either the EPA or EIA projections — based on the assumptions they made — but she argues that the farther out you go in years, the more difficult it is for the government to anticipate energy technology that may significantly alter the picture. The whole idea is to decrease Americans' reliance on fossil fuels through alternative energy sources. Romney's claims didn't give a time frame, but we bet voters would be surprised to hear that he's talking about 20, 30, maybe even 40 years from now. We rate his statement .
Statement: Uses a picture of a mansion to say that Rep. Nancy Pelosi lives surrounded by "a high perimeter wall with gun toting security.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 13, 2018
Topics: immigration;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We checked with Pelosi’s office and the San Francisco real estate records . Here is what her actual house looks like: Rep. Nancy Pelosi’s home in San Francisco. (Google Maps street view) Notice the absence of a wall. Our fellow fact-checkers at Snopes pointed out the  about the walled-off home in February. This Facebook post and all others like it are .
Statement: Video shows "Russian desert base and infrastructure hit by Bayraktar TB2 drone.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 23, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) Searching for the title of the Facebook video online, we found the same footage on YouTube where it was clearly labeled as showing a recording of the video game Arma 3.   The game is an ongoing source of misinformation as Facebook accounts share it in a way that could mislead people into thinking it shows actual combat between Russian and Ukrainian fighters.   But that’s not the case, and we rate claims that this is real footage .
Statement: Hunters contribute more than $500 million" to West Virginia.
Speaker: jim justice
About the speaker: Jim Justice is the Republican governor of West Virginia. A businessman, Justice was originally elected as a Democrat.
Date: November 5, 2018
Location: west virginia
Topics: animals;economy;guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Justice said that "hunters contribute more than $500 million" to West Virginia. This statistic comes from a comprehensive, 50-state report, but it’s worth noting that the data is more than seven years old, that it uses an estimate of economic impact beyond just retail sales, and that the report was funded by an industry trade group. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says that under the Obama administration, "the debt has nearly doubled.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: August 2, 2016
Location: arizona
Topics: economy
Context: a Phoenix town hall
Fact-check justification: Pence said that under the Obama administration, "the debt has nearly doubled." His numbers are on the mark. But it is important to note that the debt cannot all be blamed on Obama. Congress has a role in approving spending. And, experts told us that money needed to be spent in a free-falling economy. We rate Pence’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/74377f97-8d5a-4dd0-b0c1-12c13563759c
Statement: Vaccines are why flights have been shut down worldwide.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 30, 2021
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that flights were shut down worldwide because pilots have been vaccinated against COVID-19 and have experienced severe negative reactions.  There is no  that flights are being canceled around the world because pilots have experienced adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines. Airlines have said that wintry weather and coronavirus infections among their staff members have resulted in canceled flights.  We rate this  .