chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In the last 10 years less than half of adults in the U.S. received a flu shot.
Speaker: michael burgess
About the speaker: Burgess, initially elected to Congress in 2002, founded and chairs the Congressional Health Care Caucus, which raises questions about the Democratic-steered overhaul of federal health laws that passed into law in the spring of 2010.
Date: September 19, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: health care
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Burgess said "in the last 10 years less than half of adults in the US received a flu shot." Estimates on flu vaccination coverage show that, since 2010, less than half of adults each year get a flu shot. That rate is higher among older adults and children. We rate this  .
Statement: I am very proud, as governor of Florida, that we signed the first divestment act, as it relates to Iran, divesting any investments in companies that would invest in Iran.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: October 24, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: foreign policy
Context: a U.S. Senate debate on CNN’s “State of the Union.”
Fact-check justification: But it wasn’t until October 2007 that California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger signed a related bill, prohibiting the state’s pension funds from investing in companies doing business in Iran. It had already done the same with Sudan in 2006, before Florida — but that wasn’t Crist’s . He said Florida signed the first divestment act concerning companies doing business with Iran. Media reports and official pronouncements support Crist’s story. We rate his  .
Statement: The goal of Common Core is "to instill federally determined attitudes and mindsets in students including political and religious beliefs.
Speaker: florida stop common core coalition
About the speaker: The Florida Stop Common Core Coalition is a group that opposes Common Core.
Date: October 16, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: education;religion
Context: a report linked to on a website
Fact-check justification: The goal of Common Core "is not simply to improve academic achievement but also to instill federally determined attitudes and mindsets in students including political and religious beliefs," said an anti-Common Core group. Their , though, is flimsy at best: A computer model that has a data field for voting status or religion, which would typically be used by a private school. We could find no public schools that kept such data, and Florida Department of Education has no plans to require that they do. That’s a far cry from attempting to instill particular religious or political beliefs. We rate this !
Statement: The last private rocket launch "cost $80 million. If the government did it, the same thing would have cost probably 40 or 50 times that amount of money. I mean, literally.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 8, 2018
Location: national
Topics: space
Context: a cabinet meeting at the White House
Fact-check justification: Trump said that at $80 million per launch, private rockets are about 40 to 50 times cheaper than NASA would spend if it did "the same thing." The $80 million figure is roughly accurate, but the key flaw in the statement is that NASA is not doing the same thing. As part of a policy decision made a decade ago, NASA has left the shorter distance work to the private sector while it focuses on getting to the moon and beyond. We found a wide range of approaches and estimates of what it would cost to launch the Space Launch System on a year-in-year-out basis. The answers on the high end backed up Trump’s remark. The answers on the low end suggested he exaggerated. But fundamentally, this is a comparison between a Ford Fusion and a Cadillac Escalade. One will be much more expensive than the other, but they are used in very different ways. We rate this  . What do you think? PolitiFact Democratic guest columnist and former U.S. Rep. David Altmire took issue with this fact-check, saying Trump's literal words "were simply too far off to earn the benefit of the doubt" and should have earned a  rating. Read his critique  here. Read more about our guest columnists  here .
Statement: The average age a child is trafficked into the commercial sex trade industry is between 11 and 14 years old.
Speaker: randy forbes
About the speaker: Randy Forbes is from Chesapeake and represents Virginia's Fourth District in Congress. He was first elected to the House of Representatives in 2001. He serves on the Judiciary Committee and the Armed Services Committee, where he is chairman of the Seapower and Projection Forces Subcommittee.
Forbes previously served in Virginia's House of Delegates from 1989 to 1997 and in the State Senate from 1997 to 2001. He also was chairman of the Republican Party of Virginia from 1996 to 2001.
Forbes received a bachelor's degree from Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, in 1974, and a law degree from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in 1977.
Date: June 16, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: children;crime
Context: a written statement
Fact-check justification:   Forbes wrote,"The average age a child is trafficked into the commercial sex trade industry is between 11 and 14 years old,"   This widely-circulated  is based on a small-sample, national survey from the late 1990s that focused on street children who resorted to prostitution. None of the children were controlled by sex traffickers. Even the main author of the report says his findings are outdated and may no longer be relevant.   We couldn’t find updated national research examining the age children enter the sex trade. Several studies in large cities put the average age around 14 or 15.   Forbes acknowledged further down in his statement that human trafficking "can be difficult to quantify or track," but he didn’t tie that qualifier to the age statistic, which he stated as fact. Child prostitutes obviously enter the sex trade at young ages, but the average age is by no means established and there’s  it may be higher that Forbes’ figure. And again, all of the age research deals with street children -- not those who are being controlled by traffickers.   On the whole, we rate Forbes’ statement .
Statement: Says Chris Christie "instituted an Internet sales tax.
Speaker: conservative solutions pac
About the speaker: Conservative Solutions PAC is a super political action committee based in Tampa, Fla., that supports Marco Rubio for president.
Date: January 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;government regulation;state budget;states;taxes
Context: an attack ad
Fact-check justification: Conservative Solutions' attack ad says Chris Christie "instituted an Internet sales tax." Internet businesses with a physical presence in the state were required to collect a New Jersey sales tax long before Christie took office. For businesses outside the state, Christie did expand the requirement that online businesses pay taxes when they have an agreement with an individual or a business in New Jersey to promote their products. The ad says "implemented," which implies that Christie imposed a new tax burden on residents. In fact, the money New Jersey is collecting through Internet sales is, by law, already owed to the state -- either through the sales tax collected by the business or the use tax that's supposed to be paid by consumers. Because the statement has an element of  but leaves out critical context, so we rate it ..
Statement: California "is hemorrhaging population.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: September 28, 2018
Location: california
Topics: government regulation;population;regulation;taxes
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Sen. Ted Cruz claimed California "is hemorrhaging population" in a recent debate. In reality, California’s population has grown by an average of 333,000 per year since 2010 due to natural births and international migration. There’s a sliver of  in Cruz’s statement: The state for many years has lost more people to other states -- including Texas -- than it’s gained from the rest of the country. But even that interpretation of the  doesn’t show a "hemorrhaging." The gap between Californians leaving for other states and those arriving from the rest of the country narrowed considerably over the past decade. In the end, the senator ignored key facts that would give a different impression. We rate Cruz’s statement .  –  The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.
Statement: Says Bruce Braley took "tens of thousands from his friends in the health insurance industry" and gave them "special favors" by voting for Obamacare.
Speaker: freedom partners
About the speaker: Freedom Partners, initially called the Association for American Innovation when it was established in November 2011, promotes "the benefits of free markets and a free society" and claims "over 200 members." The Washington Post reported that Freedom Partners served as a hub for political spending by billionaire industrialists Charles and David Koch.
Date: April 8, 2014
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;health care
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Freedom Partners’ ad claims that Braley took "tens of thousands from his friends in the health insurance industry" and gave them "special favors" by voting for Obamacare. Braley did take tens of thousands of dollars from the insurance industry, though from all types of insurers, not just health insurers. However, Braley, like most Democrats, had campaigned on expanding health coverage to the uninsured, and then, faced with a landmark and highly partisan vote, carried through on his stated intentions. It’s  to suggest that donors who contributed less than 1 percent of his warchest weighed more heavily on his vote than his ideology, his past campaign promises and his partisan affiliation. We rate the  .
Statement: Photo of unbroken windows proves war in Ukraine is fake.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 23, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A blast radius is not infinite — the damage stops somewhere — but there’s  that these cars were destroyed by Russian military forces on the ground in Bucha, not by an explosion. Photographer Emanuele Satolli, who took photos at the same scene pictured in the Instagram post, told the Greek fact-checking outlet Ellinika Hoaxes that he "met several citizens and everyone told me that the cars had been overturned by Russian tanks." Plenty of other photos Abd shot in Bucha show shattered windows, rubble from devastated buildings, streets in ruins, and human corpses — all the real toll of a real war.   Claims that the war in Ukraine is  are  and . That’s our definition of .
Statement: Says he "voted no on the Wall Street bailouts.
Speaker: glenn nye
About the speaker: Glenn Nye, a Democrat, represented Virginia's 2nd Congressional District from 2009 until 2011. The district includes Virginia Beach, the Eastern Shore and parts of Norfolk and Hampton.
He now works as the senior political adviser at Hanover Investment Group, Alexandria.
Nye was born in Philadelphia, but grew up in Norfolk. He graduated from Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. He previously served in the Foreign Service of the U.S. State Department in Kosovo, Macedonia, Singapore and Afghanistan. He also worked for the U.S. government on development projects in the West Bank, Gaza and Iraq.
Date: August 12, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: economy;financial regulation;message machine 2010
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: So Nye says he voted against the bailout. People hearing his  would undoubtedly think he was referring to the main vote on the TARP, but he wasn’t even elected when that vote was taken. He cites one vote on a procedural motion that was not substantive and that the news media did not characterize as significant, and another vote that was more substantive, although the issue was moot at that point. So there is just a small amount of  to his . We find his  .
Statement: Says Gov. Scott Walker's proposed reduction in university spending is "about the size of the one" under Democratic Gov. Jim Doyle, but Democrats didn't treat Doyle's cut as so dire.
Speaker: robin vos
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Rep. Robin Vos, R-Rochester, has represented western Racine County in the state Assembly since 2004. In November 2012, he was elected Assembly speaker. Vos previously served on the Racine County Board of Supervisors, from 1994 to 2004.
Date: March 12, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: By contrast, under Walker, his proposed 2015-’17 reduction comes four years after cuts of $250 million to universities in his first budget (2011-’13). Our rating Vos said Walker’s proposed reduction in university spending is "about the size of the one that happened" under Doyle, but Democrats didn’t treat that  cut as so dire. The one cut Vos referred to, in 2003 under Doyle and legislators, was very similar in size to Walker’s current proposal. It’s worth pointing out though that Doyle, unlike Walker, allowed big tuition hikes to ease the 2003 budget cuts, and that Walker has proposed deeper cuts in the UW System than Doyle in less time. We rate the Vos  .
Statement: Electric cars in California are not sustainable as only 10% of their batteries are recyclable and the state can't recycle them.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 9, 2022
Topics: environment;climate change;transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: A woman in an Instagram video claims California’s push for electric cars is not sustainable in part because California does not have a recycling facility that can handle the lithium-ion batteries in cars and that the recycling facilities in the country can recycle only 10% of the batteries’ material.  While California so far has no lithium-ion battery recycling plant, the California Environmental Protection Agency report said lithium-ion battery recycling is still a fairly new industry with room for growth. Also, companies from other states are partnering with California to recycle its batteries. Furthermore, current recycling methods can recover from half to up to 95% of the material used lithium-ion batteries, far more than the post’s  of a 10% recovery rate.  We rate this  .
Statement: Pens provided by Maricopa County are part of a plot to rig the Arizona primary.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: July 28, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Social media users have suggested there is something  with the Pentel pens provided by Maricopa elections officials and that they are part of a plot to rig the Arizona primary Aug. 2. The county tested the pens and found they dry quickly, which helps during in-person voting when voters feed their ballots into the tabulation machine. If voters use a pen that doesn’t dry quickly, it can smudge the ballot or muck up the tabulation machine, requiring cleaning and slowing the voting process. We found no  the pens are part of a nefarious scheme by election officials.  We rate this statement . RELATED : Despite #sharpiegate, no  of plot to use the pens to cancel Trump votes RELATED : Voting by mail has been popular in Arizona for decades. Now the state GOP wants to ban it RELATED : All of our fact-checks about Arizona RELATED : All of our fact-checks about elections
Statement: Says Mitt Romney flip-flopped on a taxpayer protection pledge.
Speaker: democratic national committee
About the speaker: The Democratic National Committee is the national organization of Democrats.
Date: November 28, 2011
Location: national
Topics: message machine 2012;taxes
Context: a campaign advertisement
Fact-check justification: In 2002, Romney refused to make "a pledge in writing" on taxes. Four years later, he signed one and touted it as a selling point for his candidacy. In our book, that’s a clear flip-flop. We rate the DNC’s charge .
Statement: We haven't seen a single American megachurch offer anything to help Ukrainians.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: March 7, 2022
Location: national
Topics: religion;ukraine;russia
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The church’s website features ways people can help and has provided multiple updates on its efforts in the region. The Rock Church , a megachurch in San Diego, California, is directing people to its partner organization, Crisis Response International, and told PolitiFact that it’s in the process of establishing a Ukraine relief fund. Crossroads Church , an Ohio-based megachurch, partners with humanitarian and disaster relief organizations Convoy of Hope and World Vision , which both have operations on the ground in Ukraine. Other church networks, like the United Methodist Committee on Relief and Catholic Relief Services, are collecting donations and deploying staff and resources .   We rate posts that say no megachurches are raising money for Ukraine relief .
Statement: If I had not asked for my emails all to be made public, none of this would have been in the public arena.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: August 17, 2015
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;technology
Context: an interview with Iowa Public Radio
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "If I had not asked for my emails all to be made public, none of this would have been in the public arena." The shred of  here is that Clinton’s request was the driving force behind the State Department’s decision to release the emails as soon as possible. However, multiple pending FOIA requests for her emails likely would have made some of these emails public regardless. It’s disingenuous for Clinton to treat her request as proactive transparency, when her practices protected her email from public scrutiny until she was out of office. We rate Clinton’s  .
Statement: A report in Navy Times said that 7.3 percent of Army, Navy and Marines have thought about attempting suicide.
Speaker: tim ryan
About the speaker: Tim Ryan is a representative of Ohio’s 13th Congressional District. Ryan served the state’s 17th Congressional District from 2003 until 2013, when he assumed office to represent the 13th District. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president. In 2022, he is running for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat.
Date: March 16, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: afghanistan;military
Context: a House committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Through a series of goofs and misrepresentations, data about actual attempted suicides among military personnel became a number cited as the percentage of those who had contemplated suicide. The numbers Ryan cited didn’t come directly from the military. Instead, he relied on material from a blog article that used faulty mathematics to come up with an erroneous percentage. The series of errors took data from a military report on a  course to create an  statement. On the -O-Meter, that kind of a  rates as .
Statement: Says when New York "implemented a program" to tax the wealthy at higher rates it saw a revenue shortfall "because of the outward migration of their top earners.
Speaker: mike murphy
About the speaker: Rep. Mike Murphy, R-Springfield, represents the 99th House District in the Illinois General Assembly. 
Date: May 22, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: economy;taxes
Context: remarks during a press conference
Fact-check justification: Citing remarks made in February by the governor of New York, Murphy claimed that when that state "implemented a program" to tax the wealthy at higher rates it saw a revenue shortfall "because of the outward migration of their top earners." Cuomo did raise the specter of out-migration among the state’s better-off taxpayers when personal income tax revenues came in below projections early this year. But he blamed the drop on fallout from the Republican federal tax overhaul of 2017 and other factors, not graduated income tax rates in New York which haven’t been raised in a decade. What’s more, IRS data show the number of people filing with income greater than $200,000 in New York has increased every year since 2009 when New York raised rates on top earnings to levels similar to those currently under consideration in Illinois. We rate Murphy’s  .  — The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.