chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius told insurance companies "they couldn't inform their policyholders of what they thought the impact of Obamacare would be on them.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: May 19, 2013
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;medicare
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: McConnell said that Sebelius told insurance companies "they couldn't inform their policyholders of what they thought the impact of Obamacare would be on them." Her letter to AHIP didn’t go quite that far, but Sebelius was definitely seeking to muzzle the insurers because she felt they were giving , self-serving information. The letter sought to discourage them with a not-so-subtle threat of regulatory action. Although McConnell was exaggerating that the companies were prohibited from these communications, the talk of regulatory action was significant and could fairly be taken as an attempt to intimidate. We rate McConnell's  .
Statement: Says the United States has the "highest corporate tax rate in the world.
Speaker: joseph kyrillos
About the speaker: Joseph Kyrillos, Jr. is a Republican state senator representing part of Monmouth County. The former chairman of the New Jersey Republican State Committee, Kyrillos is running in the November 2012 general election for the U.S. Senate seat currently held by Democrat Robert Menendez.
Date: October 4, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: corporations;taxes
Context: a debate on NJTV
Fact-check justification: Kyrillos repeated a  he made before that the United States has the "highest corporate tax rate in the world." That’s  for the nation’s statutory corporate tax rate among industrialized nations. When Japan lowered its statutory rate, the United States moved into first place. Even when accounting for various tax breaks, the effective rate is still among the highest. On the -O-Meter, we rate this statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: The weight of the evidence (on global warming) is that most of it, maybe all of it, is because of natural causes ... it's fair to say the science is in dispute.
Speaker: tim pawlenty
About the speaker: Tim Pawlenty is the former governor of Minnesota, having served two terms in office from 2003-2011.
Date: August 11, 2011
Location: national
Topics: environment;cap and trade;climate change;energy
Context: an interview with the 'Miami Herald.'
Fact-check justification: It is not "fair to say the science is in dispute," as if there are good arguments on both sides. Rather, there is significant scientific consensus that human beings are contributing to global warming. We rate his statement . Editor's Note: Pawlenty announced he was dropping out of the presidential race on Aug. 14.  Also, this report was changed to reflect a more expansive definition of external forcing.
Statement: Nearly half of public school teachers in Texas are working a second or a third job, not for kicks, not for extra spending cash, but just to make ends meet.
Speaker: beto o'rourke
About the speaker: Beto O’Rourke is a former representative of Texas’s 16th Congressional District. He represented the district from 2013 until 2019, when he gave up his seat to run a senate campaign against incumbent Ted Cruz, which O’Rourke lost. He received a bachelor’s degree in English literature from Columbia University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: March 14, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: Iowa
Fact-check justification: O’Rourke said, "Nearly half of public school teachers in Texas are working a second or a third job, not for kicks, not for extra spending cash, but just to make ends meet." O’Rourke’s  is based on responses to a voluntary, online survey sent to about 50,000 Texas public school teachers. Respondents were self-selected. Close to 1,000 responded. Thirty-nine percent said they needed second jobs during the school year, and 56 percent said they had summer jobs when school was not in session. On average, public school teachers get paid less in Texas than nationally. But researchers say there is limited information on why teachers take additional jobs. O’Rourke’s  makes it sound as if paying for basic necessities is the only reason why teachers take extra jobs. That might be the case for some teachers, but we don’t know if it is the driving factor for all of them. O’Rourke’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: The Bush administration has "the Pentagon trying to take away the signing bonuses when a soldier gets wounded and ends up in the hospital, something that I'm working with a Republican senator to try to make sure never can happen again.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: January 15, 2008
Location: national
Topics: military
Context: Las Vegas
Fact-check justification: There is little  to suggest that happened to more than a couple veterans, and the Army admitted its . Also  is her suggestion that there was some kind of Bush administration effort to deny future bonus payments promised to wounded vets. But she may be right that some were denied future bonus payments (although it is far from clear that this is still happening), and the legislation co-sponsored by Clinton would make it crystal clear they are to be paid. And so we rate her statement .
Statement: Republicans "are advancing federal judges who won't even say that Brown vs. Board of Education was properly decided.
Speaker: roland martin
About the speaker: Roland Martin is a journalist, TV commentator and the host and managing editor #RolandMartinUnfiltered, a daily online news show.
Date: July 21, 2019
Topics: congress;legal issues;pundits;supreme court;punditfact
Context: a panel on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Martin said Republicans "are advancing federal judges who won't even say that Brown vs. Board of Education was properly decided." A number of Trump judicial nominees have refused to give clear answers when asked if they thought Brown vs. Board of Education — the decision that ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional — was correctly decided. It’s important to note they haven't said it was wrongly decided; rather, they have refused to comment on Supreme Court precedents.  Those nominees have been advanced largely along party lines. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says allowing the payroll tax holiday to expire would end up "costing another estimated 900,000 jobs in 2012.
Speaker: jeff merkley
About the speaker: Jeff Merkley is a Democratic senator from Oregon. He was elected in 2008. Merkley won his first campaign for the Oregon Legislature as a representative in 1998. He was elected Democratic leader in 2003 and speaker of the House in 2007. He studied international relations at Stanford University and earned a graduate degree in public policy at Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
Date: August 3, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: taxes
Context: letter to a constituent
Fact-check justification: Merkley’s analysis conforms with traditional economic thinking and he is supported by actual calculations from economists. But questions of cause and effect in the economy always must be qualified as simply best educated guesses. Merkley adds the proper fudge in his letter, saying the job loss totals are estimates. In a world where absolutes are rare, Merkley’s statement passes the sniff test. We rate his : .
Statement: Says budget savings by reducing pay and benefits for federal employees total $103 billion over 10 years -- more than $50,000 per worker.
Speaker: jim moran
About the speaker: Rep. Jim Moran, D-8th, was first elected in 1990 to represent a district covering Falls Church, Alexandria, Arlington County and part of Fairfax County.
He serves on the Appropriations Committee and is the ranking member on the Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, as well as serving on the Defense Subcommittee.
Moran previously served as the mayor of Alexandria from 1985 to 1990.
Moran was born in Buffalo, N.Y. He graduated from College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Mass., in 1967, and received a master of public administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1970.
Date: November 21, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: deficit;federal budget;pensions;workers
Context: a letter
Fact-check justification: Moran wrote that Congress and the White House has saved $103 billion over 10 years by cutting pay raises and benefits for non-military federal employees. That breaks down to more than $50,000 per worker, he wrote. Moran is right about the $103 billion total cost. The discrepancies in other numbers he uses are insignificant. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says William Barr tweeted, "BREAKING NEWS Senator Mitt Romney is the only Republican Senator who voted to remove President Trump from office… IN A COMPLETELY UNRELATED STORY Senator Mitt Romney is also the only Republican Senator who has a son who sits on the board of a Ukrainian Energy Company.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 6, 2020
Topics: impeachment
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "The Official PARODY Account of the Attorney General with the USA," the Twitter bio says. "Followed by Corn Pop, Blocked by Pierre Delecto & RT’d by Right Wing Conspiracy Theorists." As for whether Romney has a son on the board of a "Ukrainian Energy Company," we’ve already fact-checked that . There’s no  any of his sons have served on the board of any energy company with ties to Ukraine.   We rate  this Facebook post .
Statement: A record number of Hispanics were elected to the U.S House of Representatives...
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: January 9, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: elections;race and ethnicity
Context: the 'Miami Herald'
Fact-check justification: Fast forward to 2011: There are 24 Hispanics in the House and two Cuban-American senators, Rubio and Sen. Bob Menendez, a Democrat from New Jersey. Although the number of Hispanics in the House is the same now as it was after the 2008 election, Bush is correct in recognizing the growth in the past decade. However, he would have been more precise if he’d said that a record number of Hispanic Republicans were elected to the U.S. House, rather than leaving it to the reader’s assumption that he was referring to the GOP. We rate his  .
Statement: Starbucks just placed Trump's photo on (the) floor so every customer (has) to step on it.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 16, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: Internet posts
Fact-check justification: There are no photos on the floor, of Trump or anyone else. The original image came from a photo of a Starbucks opening in March 2014 at Downtown Disney in Anaheim, Calif., as posted on InsideTheMagic.net. Judging by the comments on the tweet and the Internet ubiquity of the photo, plenty of people were fooled by the visual chicanery. We didn’t hear back from DepartedMedia.com when we contacted them, but it’s clear the image is intentionally fabricated. We rate this  a full-bodied ! https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/01f9df8f-f9ec-4d2d-9b60-6475dcfc08bb
Statement: And delivered more tax relief than the other Republicans combined.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: January 16, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: How do you factor in fees? Nevertheless, the Club for Growth prepared reports on each candidate's record on economic issues. Her conclusion: "It is clear that Giuliani did successfully push through more tax relief than Romney or Huckabee." Given the many confirming sources, it's clear Giuliani has a strong record on tax cutting. However, his  of delivering "more tax relief than the other Republicans combined" is next to impossible to accurately judge, so we rate the statement in Giuliani's ad .
Statement: Every election year has a disease" ... SARS in 2004; avian flu in 2008; swine flu in 2010; MERS in 2012; Ebola in 2014 and 2018; Zika in 2016 and the coronavirus in 2020.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 28, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;health care;facebook fact-checks;health check;coronavirus
Context: posts on social media
Fact-check justification: A post on social media says "Every election year has a disease" ... SARS in 2004; avian flu in 2008; swine flu in 2010; MERS in 2012; Ebola in 2014 and 2018; Zika in 2016 and the coronavirus in 2020.  But most of these diseases were discovered and spread before the election years. Some of the diseases never impacted the United States, and never came up as a large point in a campaign. There is some  that Ebola in 2014 impacted the election, but otherwise there is no straightforward connection between national U.S. elections and pandemics. The post is not accurate. We rate this statement .
Statement: Donald Trump's "rally just got shut down after no one shows up.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 8, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The video shows an Oct. 7 Daily Beast story about a "pro-Trump rally" on the Capitol grounds that day attended by "a mere 27 individuals." The event nevertheless went on, according to the story.   Looking for reports that recent rallies that Trump appeared at were shut down, we found only old news coverage.  A 2016 Politico story , for example, told the story of a planned Chicago rally that was called off amid safety concerns as protesters gathered outside. We rate the  that Trump’s rally was recently shut down .
Statement: The CDC just confirmed a 0.2% death-rate for COVID19.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 11, 2020
Location: california
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a social media post
Fact-check justification: Facebook posts  the CDC "confirmed a 0.2% death-rate for COVID19 ."  The  draws from the low-end of a range of estimates the CDC published in May saying the fatality rate for those showing symptoms was between 0.2% and 1%, with a "best estimate" of 0.4%. The estimated overall mortality rate of those with and without symptoms would be 0.26%.  Health experts, however, said it’s difficult to pin down a precise mortality rate early in a pandemic and that the federal agency hasn’t yet "confirmed" any rate but instead offered best guesses. Over time, it is possible that estimates will show a lower than initially expected mortality rate, especially as more testing is conducted in the United States.  Currently, however, the  number of deaths and infections are hard to determine, as some deaths caused by the virus aren’t counted and many people with mild cases of the coronavirus are never tested.  Several experts said they project the mortality rate is on the higher-end of the CDC’s estimated range, closer to 1%, which is 10 times more lethal than the seasonal flu.  In the end, the post wrongly suggests that health officials have established COVID-19’s  mortality rate and selectively picks the low-end of a range of estimates.  We rate the  .   – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.
Statement: Says that "when Congressman (Steve) Cohen took office in 2007, the unemployment rate was at 4.8 percent. The unemployment rate in Shelby County has reached 9.7 percent.
Speaker: george flinn
About the speaker: George Flinn is a former Shelby County commissioner whose Flinn Broadcasting owns several radio stations. He has spent millions running for various offices, including a failed bid for mayor of Shelby County and, in 2010, a failed bid for the Republican nomination in the 8th Congressional District.
Date: October 18, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: jobs
Context: campaign mail piece
Fact-check justification: In a campaign mailer, Republican congressional candidate George Flinn blamed Steve Cohen for the unemployment rate in Shelby County being more than twice as bad now (4.8 percent to 9.7 percent) than it was in 2007 when he took office. But Flinn’s numbers are off, no matter if you stop the clock at the July numbers or the more recent September numbers. Further, the campaign overreaches by trying to pin responsibility for Shelby County’s economic collapse and then gradual recovery on one elected official. We rule this  .
Statement: In the last six years of Cianci's administration violent crime was down in the United States. It was down in the region. It was down in Rhode Island. But it was up in Providence.
Speaker: jorge elorza
About the speaker: Jorge O. Elorza was elected mayor of Providence in 2014. A professor at the Roger Williams University School of Law, he is co-founder of the Latino Policy Institute at Roger Williams University and stepped down as a judge on the Providence Housing Court in 2014 to run for mayor. He received his law degree from Harvard University in 2003, and a bachelor of science degree in accounting from the University of Rhode Island. 
Date: September 30, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: criminal justice;crime;public safety
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Jorge Elorza said that the violent crime rate was up in the final years of Cianci’s second period as mayor while similar rates for the state, the region and the nation were all down. While Elorza carefully picked a time period between 1997 and 2002 to illustrate a point, that doesn’t mean the point isn’t valid. The rate of murders, rapes, robberies and aggravated assaults went up for those years, even though -- and this is what makes the  notable -- it was falling elsewhere. But Elorza’s  does ignore the larger context, which is that the increase didn’t erase the gains seen in the earlier years of Cianci’s second stint as mayor. If Elorza had chosen the entire 12 years Cianci was in office the second time around, he couldn’t have made the same . If he had chosen eight years, he couldn’t have either. Because the statement needs clarification, we rule it . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: The NRA used to support expanded background checks.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 17, 2013
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: the White House Rose Garden
Fact-check justification: In his Rose Garden comments, Obama said "the NRA used to support expanded background checks." He’s correct: In congressional testimony following the Columbine High School shooting, LaPierre called it "reasonable" to conduct a background check "for every sale at every gun show. No loopholes anywhere for anyone." Subsequent statements by NRA officials acknowledge that the group’s position has since changed to opposition to more background checks. So we rate Obama’s statement .
Statement: A statewide poll showing 76 percent support and other surveys are a "strong indicator" of  broad public support in Milwaukee County for a $10.10 minimum wage
Speaker: chris abele
About the speaker: Chris Abele is Milwaukee County Executive, a position he won in an April 2011 special election to finish out the final year of the term of Scott Walker, who was elected governor in November 2010. The election was the first attempt at political office for Abele, a Milwaukee philanthropist and business owner.
The office is nonpartisan, but Abele has indicated he is a Democrat.
Date: June 24, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: county government;jobs
Context: a letter to Milwaukee County supervisors
Fact-check justification: The poll number he cites is out of context because it’s a statewide result and didn’t refer specifically to $10.10. If given a choice to set the wage wherever they want it, a majority might not back $10.10, two polls of county residents show. But there’s some survey  that in a referendum specifically on $10.10, a solid majority in Milwaukee County would back that idea. Foolproof conclusions can’t be drawn because of the small size of the sample at the county level. On balance, we rate Abele’s  .
Statement: There are "850,000 Ohio jobs tied to the auto industry.
Speaker: ohio democratic party
About the speaker: Statewide organization for Ohio's Democrats.
Date: March 13, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;elections;jobs
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: In this case, it is auto industry in Michigan that is supporting the jobs in Ohio. The ODP’s  was that "850,000 Ohio jobs (are) tied to the auto industry." That is an accurate statement. While the jobs figure includes intermediate and spinoff jobs, as well as direct employment, that manner of counting is not uncommon for evaluating employment impact. On the -O-Meter, we rate the statement .
Statement: Georgia has the nation's fifth largest Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Supplemental Nutrition program, serving more than 270,000 mothers, babies and children every day.
Speaker: georgia department of public health
About the speaker: The state agency that oversees WIC.
Date: April 7, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: welfare
Context: department blog post
Fact-check justification: The inspector general’s office has prosecuted 16 people for WIC vendor fraud, terminated 183 vendors and recouped $17 million as restitution. Our conclusion: The blog statement said Georgia ranks fifth among the states, the District of Columbia and the U.S. territories based on the cost of its WIC program. That was  for four years, through 2012. Once Politifact inquired, state officials said there was new data showing the state dropped to seventh for 2013. We rate the statement as .