chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The U.S. recorded its slowest economic growth in five years (2016). GDP up only 1.6%. Trade deficits hurt the economy very badly.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 26, 2017
Location: national
Topics: economy;trade
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "The U.S. recorded its slowest economic growth in five years (2016). GDP up only 1.6%. Trade deficits hurt the economy very badly." Trump is right that GDP growth was slower in 2016 than in any year since 2011. But there’s little  to suggest that growth was sluggish in 2016 because of the trade deficit. A sizable trade deficit has been a fact of life for at least two decades, including years of both faster and slower economic growth. If anything, two recent years of smaller trade deficits actually coincided with weak economic growth. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says 80% of novel coronavirus cases are "mild.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 9, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a chart
Fact-check justification: The chart says 80.9% of cases are mild. It’s important to note that different age groups have had different levels of severity. However, generally speaking, the chart is on track. We found that mild cases account for roughly 75-to-80% of cases, according to studies published by the WHO and CDC. The statement is  accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Creflo Dollar has endorsed Republican Donald Trump for president.
Speaker: social media
About the speaker: logo
Date: October 17, 2016
Location: georgia
Topics: bipartisanship
Context: social media sites
Fact-check justification: Social media sites have buzzed with the "news" that metro Atlanta Pastor Creflo Dollar has endorsed Trump. Those reports are based on a satirical news site. A parody on that site was picked up as legitimate news and went viral. Dollar has dissed the reports as categorically untrue. Which they are. We rate the reports .   https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/a48cab2e-8372-4b1c-b664-df4e586073df
Statement: Says Jacob Blake "declared he had a gun in the car and was going to go get it" and was "brandishing" a knife
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 26, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral Facebook post says Blake "declared he had a gun in the car and was going to go get it" and was "brandishing" a knife. We have no way of knowing for sure what Blake said, but we know there was no gun. And we don’t yet know if the knife police later found in the SUV was there throughout the confrontation or held by Blake at some point. But Blake was not "brandishing" anything in the video taken by bystanders. For our fact checks, the burden of proof is on the speaker. Due to the lack of  establishing these claims at this point, we rate this  .
Statement: Low gas prices in Russia, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia show that Joe Biden's decision to cancel the Keystone Pipeline project is to blame for U.S. prices.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 19, 2021
Topics: energy;government regulation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post alludes to Biden’s decision to cancel the Keystone XL pipeline and claims, "Gasoline in Russia $2.10, Kuwait 78 cents, Saudia (sic) Arabia 98 cents. Nobody shutting pipe lines down there," suggesting a link between the pipeline project and rising U.S. gas prices. The post understates the gas prices for other countries and goes too far in suggesting that cancellation of the Keystone pipeline is to blame for the recent rise in U.S. gas prices, or that the project would have made a difference if it had continued.  Experts say rising gas prices are due to an imbalance of supply and demand, and aren’t affected by the pipeline project. We rate the  .
Statement: Says over 1,000 mail in ballots were found in a dumpster in California.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 26, 2020
Location: california
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "The pictures are of old empty envelopes from the November 2018 election that were disposed of as allowed by law. Help us stop a  report Someone posted pictures on the web showing empty Vote-by-Mail envelopes from Sonoma County in recycling bins. The pictures are of old empty envelopes from the November 2018 election that were disposed of as allowed by law. pic.twitter.com/0FrhnD3jHg    We rate this .
Statement: McCain "voted against a bill to ban waterboarding, and then applauded President Bush for vetoing that ban.
Speaker: moveon.org
About the speaker: MoveOn.org is a left-leaning political advocacy group. It endorsed Sen. Barack Obama for the Democratic nomination.
Date: April 5, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: an e-mail
Fact-check justification: The bill would have banned waterboarding as one of its effects, but it also would have made other changes to how the CIA conducts interrogations and required the CIA to follow the Army Field Manual. It was not a straightforward up-or-down vote on waterboarding alone. It's  that McCain voted against the measure, it passed anyway and Bush vetoed it. We couldn't find any examples of McCain going out of his way to congratulate Bush. Given the many nuances of the bill, we find MoveOn's  to be .
Statement: The vast majority of individuals that we're releasing out are not showing up for hearings.
Speaker: james lankford
About the speaker: James Lankford, a Republican, is a U.S. Senator from Oklahoma. Previously, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives. Prior to joining the House, he served as director of student ministry at the Baptist Convention of Oklahoma and as director of the Falls Creek Youth Camp.
Date: May 4, 2022
Topics: immigration;border security;homeland security
Context: a Senate hearing
Fact-check justification: "Because of course, it's always going to be a moving target. "  Lankford said "the vast majority of individuals that we’re releasing out are not showing up for hearings." There are different ways to track how many immigrants don’t show up to immigration court hearings, and all indicate that a majority of immigrants, including those who are not detained, do attend their hearings. Data from the Justice Department show that in fiscal year 2021 and during the first quarter of 2022, most immigrants attended their hearings. We rate Lankford’s  .
Statement: The policy mistakes that ... the Clintons made got us, in large degree, to the situation that we are in today with mass incarceration.
Speaker: julius jones
About the speaker: Julius Jones is the founder of the Black Lives Matter chapter in Worcester, Massachusetts. He made headlines in August 2015 when he confronted Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton about policies affecting African-Americans backstage during a campaign speech.
Date: August 17, 2015
Topics: criminal justice;punditfact
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Jones said, "The policy mistakes that (Hillary) and the Clintons made got us, in large degree, to the situation that we are in today with mass incarceration." While Hillary Clinton as first lady had no official role in voting for or signing the 1994 crime bill, she certainly championed some of its policies that are now partially blamed for the growth of the prison population, such as longer, tougher prison sentences. The crime bill was not the root cause of this growth, however, as America’s prison population had been expanding since the late 1980s. We rate Jones’ statement .
Statement: The No. 1 weather-related killer is heat. 600 people die annually from its effects, more than from floods, hurricanes and tornadoes in America combined.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: July 27, 2023
Topics: climate change;public health;weather
Context: a speech on extreme heat
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "The No. 1 weather-related killer is heat. Six hundred people die annually from its effects, more than from floods, hurricanes and tornadoes in America combined." Data from the National Weather Service doesn’t support the  about heat outpacing deaths from the three other weather events combined, but CDC data does back it up.  Scientists say both sets of federal data significantly undercount the number of heat deaths  because they are drawn from death certificates, which often overlook heat. Studies of excess deaths during U.S. heat waves suggest that the real number of heat-related deaths could be two to 10 times higher than what Biden cited. We rate the statement .
Statement: Bush's tax cuts for high earners "have been the biggest contributor to the budget deficit.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: January 8, 2009
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: during a news conference
Fact-check justification: Pelosi might have made a more convincing case if she had said high earners received a disproportionate benefit from the Bush tax cuts. But Pelosi said tax cuts for "the high end" were the "biggest" contributor to the federal deficit. We looked at the numbers from a bunch of different angles and found no  that tax cuts for the wealthy are larger than those of everyone else combined. In fact, all the numbers we looked at showed that tax cuts for middle and lower incomes represent a bigger slice of the overall revenue pie. We think that  directly contradicts her, so we rate her statement .
Statement: The University of Wisconsin System budget is the biggest it has ever been.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: May 16, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Walker said: "The University of Wisconsin System budget is the biggest it has ever been." The system’s 2015-’16 all-funds budget -- which includes not only state tax dollars but federal funds, tuition and other income -- is $6.194 billion, the biggest since the system was created in 1973-’74. But adjusted for inflation, the 2015-’16 all-funds budget is among the biggest, though not the biggest. And the 2015-’16 figure includes unspent tuition revenue that hadn’t been counted in the all-funds budget in previous years. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification, our rating is .
Statement: Quotes Michelle Obama as saying, "White folks are what's wrong with America.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 1, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a meme
Fact-check justification: A refurbished meme claims Michelle Obama said, "White folks are what’s  with America." The  rumor stems from a commencement speech Obama made at a historically black university in 2015. While her message was candid about race relations in the United States, at no point does she say those words. The meme (and the stories that helped spur it) spreads misinformation and presents a twisted interpretation of her words.   We rate this  !
Statement: Every 20 seconds, a child dies because they lack access to clean water and sanitation.
Speaker: matt damon
About the speaker: Matt Damon is an actor and co-founder of Water.org, a group that promotes the expansion of clean water in the developing world.
Date: March 23, 2014
Topics: water;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Damon said, "Every 20 seconds, a child dies because they lack access to clean water and sanitation." The Bourne series star appears to be using an outdated statistic in his ABC appearance that claimed 1.5 million deaths from diarrhea caused by tainted water. More recent reports put the number at about 760,000 deaths a year. That said, Damon is accurately highlighting a little-known problem to an American audience. The statement ignores subsequent improvements but does not give viewers a different impression of the seriousness of the issue. On balance, we rate this  .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama failed "to stand up for the bipartisan debt solutions of the Simpson-Bowles Commission.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: September 27, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: a speech at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
Fact-check justification: Christie claimed Obama has failed to stand up for the solutions proposed by his own deficit reduction commission. It is  that the president did not fully embrace the commission’s recommendations in the immediate months following its December report. But since then, Obama has outlined deficit reduction measures similar to the commission’s recommendations. That’s why the governor is  to imply that Obama has done nothing with the commission’s proposals. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/4662f0d2-a5c5-4af0-b172-032b3a2d545a
Statement: What is happening here is not so different from what we're seeing happening in Russia, where you have got state TV and controlled messaging across the board.
Speaker: tulsi gabbard
About the speaker: Tulsi Gabbard is a representative of Hawaii’s 2nd Congressional District. Elected to the office in 2012, Gabbard is the first Samoan-American and first Hindu member of the U.S. Congress. She was re-elected in 2014, 2016 and 2018. Gabbard has also been in active service for more than the past 10 years and has served in the Hawaii Army National Guard. Gabbard received a bachelor’s degree in business administration from Hawaii Pacific University. In 2019, she announced she is running for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: March 15, 2022
Location: national
Topics: pundits;technology;punditfact;ukraine;russia
Context: a Fox News appearance
Fact-check justification: Gabbard said, "What is happening here is not so different from what we're seeing happening in Russia, where you have got state TV and controlled messaging across the board." Since its invasion of Ukraine, Russia — a country with a long history of suppressing free speech and access to information — has restricted dissenting voices, independent news reporting and public discourse on social media platforms, including with a new law threatening prison time for spreading "" information about the war. Those measures are without parallel in the U.S., where freedom of speech, expression and the press are enshrined in the Constitution. We rate Gabbard’s  !
Statement: Video shows Dr. Anthony Fauci admitting "he failed Americans during the pandemic when unnecessarily forcing masks.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 17, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Fauci would later revise his recommendation. By July 2020, he and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were both saying most people should wear face coverings in public settings to reduce COVID-19’s spread. Today, the CDC says wearing a mask "can help prevent severe illness" and recommends wearing masks in indoor public transportation settings, if a person is at high risk for getting very sick or indoors with someone at high risk of getting very sick. More guidance on when to wear a mask or respirator in connection with COVID-19 is on the CDC’s website.   We rate claims that this video shows Fauci admitting he failed Americans by unnecessarily forcing them to wear masks .
Statement: In 2012, 1 in 4 Wisconsin schools had a subpar score on the Department of Public Instruction's recent report cards" and are "failing" the children they serve.
Speaker: robin vos
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Rep. Robin Vos, R-Rochester, has represented western Racine County in the state Assembly since 2004. In November 2012, he was elected Assembly speaker. Vos previously served on the Racine County Board of Supervisors, from 1994 to 2004.
Date: April 5, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a video briefing
Fact-check justification: The report card does not make either one of those claims, doesn’t use that language and, it’s architects say, can’t be converted to grades. In fact, the report card says about one in seven schools are not meeting expectations. Vos is way off base in the way he tries to turn up the heat on public schools to push choice. That lands him on the fiery red end of the -O-Meter. .
Statement: For thousands of public employees, Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker's budget-repair bill would "take away any say they have in the workplace, and eliminate their union.
Speaker: afl-cio
About the speaker: The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) is a voluntary federation of 56 national and international labor unions. The AFL-CIO was created in 1955 by the merger of the AFL and the CIO. The AFL-CIO represents 11.5 million members.
Date: February 17, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;state budget
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: As for the future, three of our four experts agreed with the union contention that it could be the end result in the future. The fourth felt it was only a small stretch. The PolitiFact definition for  is: The statement is accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. That’s what this ad does. And that’s the ruling: .
Statement: The Supreme Court decision overturning Roe v. Wade "made the United States an outlier among developed nations in the world" on abortion rights.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: June 24, 2022
Topics: abortion;corrections and updates;legal issues;supreme court;women
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Biden said the Supreme Court decision overturning Roe v. Wade "made the United States an outlier among developed nations in the world" on abortion rights. The ruling eliminates the national right to an abortion, which puts the U.S. at odds with other developed nations, including the other six G-7 nations, most of which have laws or court rulings that provide for abortion access on a national basis, though with restrictions. The U.S. ruling does leave in place state laws that permit abortion. We rate Biden’s statement . CLARIFICATION, June 27, 2022 : This story has been clarified to reflect that the United Kingdom, which contains Northern Ireland, is a G-7 nation. It has also been updated to describe current abortion laws in Northern Ireland. RELATED VIDEO: RELATED:   Fact-checking 5 claims in the final Supreme Court ruling on Roe v. Wade RELATED: What would state laws look like in a post-Roe world? RELATED: Fact-checking Lindsey Graham on the US allowing abortions at 20 weeks
Statement: Barack Obama is "only the second Democrat in the last 75 years to win Ohio twice with more than 50 percent of the vote.
Speaker: chris redfern
About the speaker: Chris Redfern is chairman of the Ohio Democratic Party, a post he has held since December 2005.
Date: November 7, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: elections
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: To make his argument, Redfern said Obama was only the Democrat to twice carry Ohio with a majority in the last 75 years. It turns out Redfern is right. Franklin Roosevelt was the last Democrat to carry Ohio twice with a majority, which he did in 1936 and 1940. And his second win did fall within the last 75 years. On the -O-Meter, Redfern’s  rates .