chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The COVID-19 vaccines make people "magnetized. They can put a key on their forehead, it sticks. They can put spoons and forks all over them, and they can stick.
Speaker: sherri tenpenny
About the speaker: Dr. Sherri Tenpenny is a licensed osteopathic physician and anti-vaccine advocate based in suburban Cleveland. Tenpenny is the author of “Saying No To Vaccines: A Resource Guide for All Ages” and has previously said vaccines cause autism, a claim public health officials have debunked.
Date: June 8, 2021
Location: ohio
Topics: corrections and updates;public health;pundits;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: an Ohio House hearing
Fact-check justification: Tenpenny did not immediately respond to a request for comment from PolitiFact. She told the Washington Post that she stood by her testimony.   We rate her  that the vaccines make people "magnetized" . CORRECTION, July 21, 2021:   A previous version of this story erroneously reported that the watchdog group that identified 12 influencers responsible for most anti-vaccine misinformation on social media was a part of McGill University in Montreal. It is not.
Statement: Forty percent of the undocumented workers in this country" entered the U.S. legally and "overstayed their visa.
Speaker: luis gutierrez
About the speaker: Luis Gutierrez is a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois.
Date: July 11, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;legal issues;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's 'This Week'
Fact-check justification: Immediately after the quote we checked, he said, "So what we do is we continue to focus on the border as if that were the exclusive problem that we have with our immigration system and those staying here." Rivlin added that Gutierrez is sponsoring a bill ( H.R. 4321 ) that would, among other things, establish an entry-and-exit system to track who enters on a temporary visa and whether they leave when they are supposed to. Reasonable people can disagree over whether Gutierrez is justified in arguing that the U.S.-Mexico border shouldn't be the focus of policymakers' attention on immigration. But the fact that he raised this issue when mentioning the visa-overstay statistics mitigates the potential for confusion. When that is weighed against the uncertainties over the age of the data and the need to use estimates rather than hard statistics, we rate his statement .
Statement: Hurricane Irma is "predicted to come through Mexico, hit us and everything in between up to Houston.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 31, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "National Weather Service issued a tweet in response to a Facebook post by someone who is not an employee of NOAA, NWS or the National Hurricane Center," National Weather Service spokeswoman Maureen O'Leary told us. "The post included logos and language that could be mistakenly taken as an official forecast." As of this writing, the National Weather Service projects Irma’s probable path as moving in the direction of the Caribbean, but it’s still too early to tell where the storm will make landfall and whether it will impact the United States. U.S. code subjects people who counterfeit weather forecasts or falsely represent government-issued forecasts to fines or imprisonment for under 90 days. We rate this  !
Statement: Maricopa County announced that on Election Day over 540,000 voters visited one of the 223" vote centers, but final official results data claimed that "only 248,070 people voted.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 28, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an image shared on Instagram
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that "Maricopa County announced that on Election Day over 540,000 voters visited" their 223 vote centers, but the final official results data reported that "only 248,070 people voted."  That data is missing context. More than 540,000 people visited vote centers Nov. 8, but only about 251,000 of them were there to vote in person. The majority were dropping off early ballots. We rate this  . RELATED: Kari Lake claimed Maricopa County voters were ‘disenfranchised.’ Experts disagree. RELATED: Arizona’s widespread use of mail-in voting and close margins created longer wait for results
Statement: States are seeing increases in revenue, with an average decline of just 0.12% compared with 2019. Over half of states report positive growth, including California, New York, and Illinois.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: February 1, 2021
Location: national
Topics: state budget;states;coronavirus
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Scott said states across the country are seeing increases in revenue with an average decline of just 0.12% compared with 2019. He also said that over half of states reported positive growth, including California, New York, and Illinois. Scott faithfully reflects a report from J.P. Morgan in terms of the 0.12% overall decline, but he went astray when talking about states with higher revenues, particularly the three states he named. The J.P. Morgan report said revenues grew only in California. They fell in New York and Illinois. Scott’s numbers included two months before the pandemic began. Focusing on the pandemic months of March through December, revenues fell about 10 times more than Scott said. He also limited his view of fiscal health to state revenues. Factoring in spending cuts, and impacts on city and county finances, the picture is much worse. Scott used a report that gave a limited view of a broader fiscal landscape, and misread an element in the report itself. The information he left out would leave a reader with a different impression. That matches our definition of .
Statement: Says that when President Bill Clinton raised the top tax rates to levels now proposed by Obama, the country experienced significant job growth.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 6, 2011
Location: national
Topics: deficit;jobs;taxes
Context: a Twitter Town Hall
Fact-check justification: Perhaps, as Foster argues, the situation is different enough now -- more precarious -- that a tax hike would have a more damaging effect. That's a matter for economists to debate. When Obama says we saw job growth in the 1990s even as Clinton raised taxes, he's right. But to the extent that he's suggesting raising taxes created job growth -- as he appears to be when he says "we should go with what works," he goes too far. We rate his  .
Statement: The Buffalo Billion is "still breaking every job promise
Speaker: brian kolb
About the speaker: Brian Kolb is a Republican Assemblymember from the Rochester area. He was a 2018 candidate for New York governor, but dropped his bid early in the race.
Date: September 24, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: Some companies are meeting their contractual requirements. Others are at stages where it isn't clear whether they will make or miss the promised numbers. But a project-by-project analysis shows many promises have been missed, and others have been changed since the deals were announced. Collectively, the analysis shows fewer jobs being created than originally promised.    We rate Kolb’s  .
Statement: Graduation rates of players at major football colleges "are still twenty points below their male campus peers and worsened in the past three years.
Speaker: jim moran
About the speaker: Rep. Jim Moran, D-8th, was first elected in 1990 to represent a district covering Falls Church, Alexandria, Arlington County and part of Fairfax County.
He serves on the Appropriations Committee and is the ranking member on the Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, as well as serving on the Defense Subcommittee.
Moran previously served as the mayor of Alexandria from 1985 to 1990.
Moran was born in Buffalo, N.Y. He graduated from College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Mass., in 1967, and received a master of public administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1970.
Date: November 22, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: education;sports
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Moran said that FBS football players graduate at a rate 20 points below male students and that it has worsened. Moran is close enough on the graduation rate. But the gap hasn’t gotten worse, it’s pretty much stayed the same. So Moran gets a .
Statement: In the House health care bill, "Something like 2 percent of the people would [be] eligible even to get the public option.
Speaker: ron wyden
About the speaker: Ron Wyden is the Democratic U.S. Senator from Oregon.
Date: November 17, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: MSNBC's 'Morning Meeting With Dylan Ratigan'
Fact-check justification: The actual number of people eligible to choose the public option would be the entire pool of 30 million Americans in the exchange -- almost 11 percent of the under-65 population, or five times the proportion that Wyden indicated. When we spoke to Wyden's office, a spokeswoman immediately acknowledged that the senator had misspoken. In fact, when he returned to a different MSNBC program that night -- Countdown with Keith Olbermann -- he said, correctly, that the public option "has 6 million people in it." So while we applaud Wyden for correcting himself after the fact, his original comment was . So we're rating his statement .
Statement: A "foreclosure tax" that would take effect in 2013 could mean a high tax bill for those facing foreclosure and millions of families who modified their mortgage or had a short sale through their lender.
Speaker: national association of realtors
About the speaker: The National Association of Realtors represents over 1 million members involved in the residential and commercial real estate industries. It has offices in Chicago and Washington, D.C.
Date: November 9, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: housing
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: The National Association of Realtors wrote that millions of Americans could face a hefty tax bill if Congress does not extend this act. It’s possible, if the Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act isn’t extended. The Realtors’ estimate that it could have an impact on one-quarter of transactions seems on target, if you add up the percentage of homes in foreclosure and short sales. The association’s "Call for Action" could have used the additional detail about the amount of debt borrowers could write off. We rate this  .
Statement: The Georgia Senate ethics resolution "doesn't define cap.
Speaker: david ralston
About the speaker: David Ralston, a Republican, is speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives.
Date: February 26, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: ethics
Context: a meeting
Fact-check justification: So where does this leave us? We think Ralston has a point. The resolution doesn’t clearly define how often a lobbyist can give up to $100 to a state senator. Lawmakers and lobbyists understand the resolution’s intent, others say. We rate the speaker’s  .
Statement: John McCain was pardoned for treason
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 21, 2017
Topics: crime;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: An article on Revenge of the Herd claims that "John McCain was pardoned for treason." During his time as a prisoner of war, McCain said he would trade information in exchange for medical treatment. He was also forced to sign a confession that he was a war criminal. But there is no  of legal proceedings against McCain when he returned to the United States. And records of presidential pardons do not include McCain’s name. We rate this  !
Statement: Boyce gave (a lobbyist's) wife a sensitive job in the treasurer's office, a job Boyce admitted he only made available at their mosque.
Speaker: josh mandel
About the speaker: Josh Mandel, a Republican from Lyndhurst, is a Marine veteran who served two tours in Iraq. He served as Ohio treasurer from 2011 to 2019.  Before that, he was a state representative from the 17th Ohio House District. He unsuccessfully challenged Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 US Senate race. Mandel is running for the GOP nomination for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat in 2022.
Date: September 30, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: message machine 2010
Context: a television campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Boyce was never there. The general principle of Mandel’s explanation – that Boyce should be held accountable for his deputy’s actions – is an acceptable standard against which to judge elected officials. But the ad plays loose with the facts to identify Boyce with a religion he doesn’t practice. We find the statement . Comment on this item .
Statement: Of "30,000 individuals arrested a year for crimes that are 16 or 17, over 95 percent of them do not result in a criminal conviction. Only 1.5 percent of them ultimately go to state prison.
Speaker: patrick gallivan
About the speaker: Patrick Gallivan is a New York state senator from Erie County.
Date: March 27, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Gallivan, a former Erie County sheriff and captain in the State Police, said of "30,000 individuals arrested a year for crimes that are 16 or 17, over 95 percent of them do not result in a criminal conviction. Only 1.5 percent of them ultimately go to state prison." State data shows close to 96 percent of cases involving 16- and 17-year-old defendants did not result in a criminal conviction last year. Only 2.4 percent of these cases received sentences to state prison. That drops to less than 1.5 percent if you exclude youth offender adjudications. The state says both categories of offenders should be included in sentencing data. Gallivan is slightly off on the numbers, but his  that few of these cases result in a conviction - and even fewer receive a state prison sentence - is correct. His statement is accurate but needs additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Within just a few years, immigration as a share of national population is set to break all historical records.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 31, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Arizona
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Within just a few years, immigration as a share of national population is set to break all historical records." Historic data and projections suggest the foreign-born population is rising. A new record could be reached in about seven years, according to Census Bureau estimates. Experts also say projections are based assuming future immigration exceeds current pace. At current levels, it may take longer. Trump didn’t specify in how many years the record would be broken, but data points to a probable new record in fewer than 10 years. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: Gross income tax receipts are exceeding the Administration's projections for this fiscal year prior to Sandy.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: January 8, 2013
Location: new jersey
Context: State of the State address
Fact-check justification: During his State of the State address last week, Christie said, "Gross income tax receipts are exceeding the Administration’s projections for this fiscal year prior to Sandy." Looking at the current fiscal year, year-to-date gross income tax revenue increased year-over-year in September and October -- even though October’s significant growth resulted primarily because of an extra payday that month and an accounting measure. We rate his statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/1b929584-ab6d-4ac6-8053-5a4b979762eb To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says a highway was closed in El Paso because of bullets flying across the border.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: August 26, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: drugs;homeland security;crime
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: According to an Aug. 31 story on the Times' website, U.S. Rep. Silvestre Reyes, D-El Paso, said he and Obama talked about the "rollercoaster violence along the border" and about the bullets that hit El Paso City Hall and UTEP during the ride to Texas on Air Force One. So, where does that leave Abbott's statement? Gunfire in Mexico did spur El Paso authorities to close a section of U.S. 85, an action that a police spokesman said was unprecedented. One bullet was found in a Texas university building, and other reports, though unconfirmed as yet, indicate more "bullets were flying across the border," as Abbott said. We rate his statement .
Statement: Fluctuating vote count in Fox News coverage of the Georgia U.S. Senate runoff is evidence of voter fraud.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 7, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: We previously fact-checked (and debunked) a similar  that a fluctuating vote count on an NPR-affiliate’s website is  of fraud. The news outlet also received its election results from The Associated Press. It was human error then, and it’s human error now. Unofficial election results on the Georgia secretary of state’s website show Warnock won the election with 1,816,096 votes, or 51.37%. We rate these posts .
Statement: Today in America, 70 percent of us are earning the same or less than we were 12 years ago, and this is the first time that that has happened this side of World War II.
Speaker: martin o'malley
About the speaker: Martin O'Malley is the former governor of Maryland who is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He has also served as the mayor of Baltimore.
Date: May 30, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;income
Context: his presidential announcement speech
Fact-check justification: O’Malley said that "today in America, 70 percent of us are earning the same or less than we were 12 years ago, and this is the first time that that has happened this side of World War II." His overall point is valid -- wages did go down or stay the same for the bottom 70 percent between 2002 and 2014. However, using the same data set that makes this part correct, there are at least two earlier 12-year periods that show the same pattern going back to 1973. This undercuts O’Malley’s  that this is unprecedented going back to World War II. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Governor Christie, his idea of jumpstarting the economy is to propose a trickle-down income tax cut last year and in his budget address this year, he stated his support for it again.
Speaker: barbara buono
About the speaker:  Barbara Buono is a Democratic state senator representing part of Middlesex County. Buono previously served in the State Assembly from 1994 to 2001.
Date: March 5, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donell"
Fact-check justification: Buono said in a recent television interview, "Governor Christie, his idea of jumpstarting the economy is to propose a trickle-down income tax cut last year and in his budget address this year, he stated his support for it again." Christie did propose a tax cut in January 2012 but dropped that idea six months later to support one proposed by Democrats that would result in an income tax credit on property taxes. The plan never went anywhere, however, because Christie’s revenue projections didn’t meet their target and Democrats said the state couldn’t afford the cut. Accordingly, Buono is correct that Christie proposed a tax cut last year and also expressed support in his February budget address for a cut. But as she has done in a past fact check related to this , Buono leaves out that the governor dropped his original proposal in favor of a Democratic tax-cut plan that he has supported since July. That’s a critical fact that would give a different impression, and that meets our definition for . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says he "has repeatedly praised Chuck Hagel's character, patriotism, bravery, and personal service defending our nation.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: February 14, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: congress;foreign policy;patriotism
Context: a news article
Fact-check justification: Cruz’s office says he has "repeatedly praised" Hagel’s "character, patriotism, bravery, and personal service defending our nation." We found four instances, but in each one--and in others where he aired no praise--Cruz hammered what he calls Hagel’s shortcomings so much so that some colleagues cried foul. The missing context of this  is that every time, Cruz's praise has been overshadowed by pointed questions and/or critiques. Mark this statement .