chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Under Gov. Kasich, Ohio wages have increased by $10.3 billion.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: March 15, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The link to the photo with the words "Under Gov. Kasich. . .," however, seemed clearly designed to attribute the wage growth to Kasich. Still, we have previously found that Kasich can certainly lay  to having kept some jobs here and attracted new ones. The numbers back up his statement. We rate it as .
Statement: An amendment to the House health reform bill "puts new restrictions on women's access to abortion coverage in the private health insurance market even when they would pay premiums with their own money.
Speaker: nita lowey
About the speaker: Nita Lowey is a Democratic member of the House of Representatives from New York.
Date: November 7, 2009
Location: national
Topics: abortion;health care
Context: a speech on the House floor
Fact-check justification: But Lowey is  on two points. First, she suggests the amendment applies to everyone in the private insurance market when it just applies to those in the health care exchange. Second, her statement that the restrictions would affect women "even when they would pay premiums with their own money" is . In fact, women on the exchange who pay the premiums with their own money will be able to get abortion coverage. So we find her statement .
Statement: Currently we have some 40-45% of Americans who are not paying any taxes.
Speaker: allen west
About the speaker: Allen West announced in July 2021 that he is running for the Republican primary for Texas governor. He served for about a year as chairman of the Texas Republican Party, stepping down in June 2021. West represented Florida's 22nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013. Lieutenant Colonel West retired from the Army in 2004 after 22 years of service.
Date: April 26, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: taxes
Context: a statement on his campaign website
Fact-check justification: If West meant to say 40 to 45 percent of Americans don't pay "federal income taxes," he could have been more specific. As it is currently worded, the sentence is not specific and can lead people to believe he was referring to all types of taxes. So for the lack of important context, we rate this  . Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: Public sentiment in favor of collective bargaining and in favor of the unions has actually gone up as these governors, I think, have overreached and gone too far and tried to destroy the labor movement.
Speaker: george nee
About the speaker: George Nee has been president of the Rhode Island AFL-CIO since September 2009.
Date: March 20, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: labor;polls and public opinion;unions;workers
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: And the public supports the unions’ rights to collective bargaining. Nee seems to be right that public sentiment favors the unions in the Wisconsin battle. And there is  that support for unions grew from 2009 to 2010. But Nee overreached when he said support has grown as a result of the Wisconsin battle. We rule his statement .
Statement: In an interview with the Chicago Tribune's Editorial Board, Comptroller Leslie Munger says that in order to balance a budget, the state would have to 'cut social services completely.'
Speaker: seiu healthcare illinois & indiana 
About the speaker: SEIU Healthcare is the fastest-growing union of healthcare, child care, home care and nursing home workers in the Midwest. Uniting more than 91,000 workers who provide vital care to our states’ children, seniors, patients and people with disabilities, we are committed to quality care and quality jobs for home care, hospital, nursing home and child care workers.
Date: August 25, 2016
Location: illinois
Topics: elections;state budget
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: In a YouTube video, SEIU Healthcare Illinois and Indiana said: "In an interview with the Chicago Tribune's Editorial Board, Comptroller Leslie Munger says that in order to balance a budget, the state would have to ‘cut social services completely.’" The video, along with a tweet from the union’s Twitter account, gives the impression Munger wants to cut all funding for social services in order to balance the budget. However, both the video and the tweet take Munger’s comments out of context and fail to acknowledge she was speaking hypothetically. In addition, Munger’s statement that the state "cannot cut enough to get to a balanced budget" and "cannot raise revenue enough to get it balanced without a growing economy" undercuts SEIU’s contention that she wants to cut all social services. Essentially, Munger’s point is that lawmakers never would be able to make cuts as severe as what would be needed to balance the budget without new revenue. We rate SEIU Illinois’  .
Statement: Nostradamus predicted that a "feeble man" would rule the "Western World" after a time of "plague.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 26, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: It appears these verses began circulating on social media posts soon after Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris won the 2020 election.   David Bell, a professor of history at Princeton, told us that the verses were fabricated and that they contain an anachronism: the phrase "Western World" was not in use while Nostradamus was alive.   According to Lexico and the Oxford English Dictionary, poet and lawyer William Warner coined the phrase in 1586, two decades after Nostradamus died.   These posts are . !
Statement: Says that "all those who do not answer directly to the president, they've said (repealing Don't Ask, Don't Tell) is a terrible idea.
Speaker: louie gohmert
About the speaker: Louie Gohmert, a U.S. House member since 2005, is a former chief justice of the Texas 12th Court of Appeals and Smith County state district judge. He lives in Tyler.
Date: December 15, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: lgbtq;military
Context: a U.S. House floor speech
Fact-check justification: From the study: "When we asked about how having a service member in their immediate unit who said he or she is gay would affect the unit's ability to 'work together to get the job done,' 70 percent of service members predicted it would have a positive, mixed or no effect... when asked about the actual experience of serving in a unit with a coworker who they believed was gay or lesbian, 92 percent stated that the unit's 'ability to work together' was 'very good,' 'good,' or 'neither good nor poor.'" According to the study, 15 to 20 percent of service members said repeal would have a positive effect, while 30 percent said it would have a negative effect. So, some—not all—military personnel objected to repealing the law, some saying the timing is bad. And not all who don’t answer directly to the president labeled the change a terrible idea. We rate Gohmert's statement .
Statement: Whether the Amendment passes or not, the medical use of marijuana is a federal criminal offense.
Speaker: pam bondi
About the speaker: Pam Bondi, a former Hillsborough County prosecutor, was elected Floriday Attorney General on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. After leaving office, she joined Ballard Partners lobbying firm in Washington D.C.
Date: October 24, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: criminal justice;drugs;health care;states;marijuana
Context: an initial brief to the Florida Supreme Court
Fact-check justification: There are a lot of talking points about medical marijuana being passed around in Florida, but one immutable fact underlies the pro- and anti-marijuana lobbies: The federal government considers cannabis an illegal drug by law. Whether that’s the way it should be depends on your point of view. Proponents point to current federal administrative guidelines that deprioritize marijuana prosecution, saying that state preferences equal de facto law. The state attorney general says that even if the U.S. Attorney General’s Office says it’s not focusing on medical marijuana laws, that doesn’t change the Controlled Substances Act. Only Congress could do that. Even with the caveats implied by the U.S. government’s recent guidance, Bondi’s office declared "whether the Amendment passes or not, the medical use of marijuana is a federal criminal offense." Whether you’re a supporter of states’ rights or not, she’s correct. We rate this statement .
Statement: If we stopped testing right now, we'd have very few cases, if any.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 15, 2020
Topics: health check;coronavirus
Context: remarks during a roundtable discussion
Fact-check justification: Trump argued that the nation’s high count of COVID-19 cases is simply a result of our expanded testing capacity. His point is entirely . The most relevant data suggests that the U.S. isn’t testing enough to match the severity of the pandemic. Even with our higher testing ratio, we’re probably still undercounting compared to other countries. Testing doesn’t create the virus. Even without diagnostics, COVID-19 would still pose a problem. We just would know less about it. And in fact, eliminating testing may alter the public’s perception of the pandemic, but it wouldn’t conceal it. If anything, it would likely worsen the crisis, since the public health system wouldn’t know how to accurately track and prevent the spread of the virus. The  has no merit and seriously misrepresents the severity of the public health crisis. We rate it .
Statement: Says that in his first two years, "Wisconsin has seen its best two-year job growth in a decade.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: July 29, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a campaign press statement
Fact-check justification: So consider that a bonus fact check. Our rating "Wisconsin has seen its best two-year job growth in a decade," the Walker campaign told reporters in late July and early August. Not , we found: Private job growth was higher in 2010-11, in the final year of Doyle and the first year under Walker. And total employment including government jobs rose faster from 2003-05 and 2010-11 than in the two-year Walker period. We rate his  .
Statement: The U.S. Constitution owes its notion of democracy to the Iroquois Tribes.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 2, 2014
Location: national
Topics: history;race and ethnicity
Context: a meme
Fact-check justification: The Facebook meme said "the U.S. Constitution owes its notion of democracy to the Iroquois Tribes." There’s a grain of  here: The Iroquois system of government was known to 18th century leaders in the colonies and the new republic, and it shared some similarities with post-revolutionary attempts at governance. However, the meme overstates the consensus among historians. Major elements of the Iroquois system are altogether absent in the U.S. government, including hereditary, clan-based governance, and the meme focuses on Iroquois influences to the exclusion of European precedents that are at least as important, and likely more so. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: A study ranked Florida "No. 1 in government corruption" under Gov. Rick Scott.
Speaker: florida democratic party
About the speaker: the Florida affiliate of the Democratic Party.
Date: June 16, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: ethics
Context: a Web video
Fact-check justification: The Democrats took too big a leap by blatantly linking Scott with a report about Florida being No. 1 for federal corruption convictions. The report specifically stated it was looking at the decade before Scott took office. The juxtaposition in the video is , leaving viewers with the  impression. We rate this  .
Statement: In states where beer is unregulated, the per capita production is significantly higher.
Speaker: kelli stargel
About the speaker: Republican member of the Florida State Senate from the 15th District, which includes parts of Orange, Osceola, and Polk Counties, since 2012. Previously elected to House in 2008. Lives in Lakeland.
Date: April 28, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: alcohol;regulation
Context: a newspaper editorial
Fact-check justification: Stargell said in her editorial that "in states where beer is unregulated, the per capita production is significantly higher." Her office credited Redner, an opponent of the bill, as the source of the line. Redner was referring to an analysis by an economist for a brewers trade group who said favorable regulation led to higher production from craft breweries. The statement is  in that beer is regulated in every state, although to varying degrees. It also doesn’t specify craft brewing. In fact, the analysis found there didn’t seem to be much of a link between state regulation and total production from both large and small breweries. We rate the statement .
Statement: Asia ... has less freshwater per capita than any other continent, except Antarctica.
Speaker: brahma chellaney
About the speaker: Brahma Chellaney is a professor of strategic studies at the Centre for Policy Research in New Delhi, India. He specializes in international security and arms control issues.
Date: December 28, 2016
Topics: global news service;foreign policy;water
Context: a website op-ed
Fact-check justification: Chellaney said that Asia has less freshwater per capita than any other continent, except Antarctica. Technically, he’s  about Antarctica, which has plenty of freshwater in its glaciers, but practically speaking, he’s correct. The UN’s primary project on water statistics reports that Asia has the lowest amount of freshwater resources per person. We used an alternative data set and while the numbers differed, Asia still ranked last among places where people actually live. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/35f9e7a4-9ead-4d2e-9d8e-6da1c0bd139a
Statement: West Virginia "has the highest overdose rate per capita of any state in our nation.
Speaker: joe manchin
About the speaker: Joe Manchin is a U.S. senator from West Virginia. The former governor of West Virginia won a special election in November 2010 to complete the balance of the late Sen. Robert Byrd’s term.
Date: October 3, 2018
Location: national
Topics: drugs;public health
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Manchin said that West Virginia "has the highest overdose rate per capita of any state in our nation." Official government data shows that West Virginia ranks first per capita in both opioid overdoses specifically and in overdoses more generally. We rate the statement .
Statement: The states that are locked down are increasing at twice the rate we are" in Florida
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: November 30, 2020
Location: florida
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: DeSantis said, "The states that are locked down are increasing at twice the rate we are" in Florida. Currently, Florida does have relatively low rates of coronavirus cases, deaths and hospitalizations. But the connection between those statistics and Florida’s light restrictions on businesses and residents is less clear-cut than DeSantis suggests. Only about half of the 10 most stringently regulated states saw rates of cases, deaths and hospitalizations that were twice as high as Florida’s — DeSantis’ benchmark. Meanwhile, numerous other states that followed the same less restrictive policies as Florida have fared far worse than Florida. This suggests that factors other than behavioral regulations, such as warm weather, may play a role in keeping coronavirus infections relatively low in Florida. We rate the statement .
Statement: Donald Trump gave his big speech today with his pants on backward.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 6, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) Trump’s pants, wrinkled in the thighs, drew considerable notice online as some people speculated that he had accidentally put them on backward and zipped them up from behind.   While some images appear to show Trump wearing pants without a front zipper, news coverage from his speech proves otherwise.   A pants fly is visible below his tie in several photos taken by Getty Images photographer Melissa Sue Gerrits.   We rate claims that his pants were backwards .
Statement: The Iranians continue – in the view of every objective observer – continue to pursue the acquisition of nuclear weapons.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: June 24, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: a telephone appearance with Florida voters
Fact-check justification: Surely McCain knew that when he said otherwise. Of course, we aren't able to answer the underlying question of whether Iran is seeking nuclear weapons, as McCain believes. We only can examine the part of his statement where McCain claims there is a consensus among "objective observers" in support of his belief. And on that, the  is clear: McCain is . The facts say .
Statement: Chemtrails are being put into the atmosphere and are trickling down into soil and water, becoming "the real cause of disease.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 21, 2023
Topics: environment;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The U.S. Air Force called the chemtrail conspiracy a " hoax " and debunked claims of reported outbreaks of illness after the appearance of "chemtrails." "There is no such thing as a ‘Chemtrail’. Contrails are safe and are a natural phenomenon. They pose no health hazard of any kind," it said. We rate this  !
Statement: There are"thousands of Georgia workers that are misclassified as independent contractors," who lose benefits, including health care.
Speaker: stacey evans
About the speaker: Stacey Evans, a Democrat, is a state representative from the Smyrna area.
Date: August 5, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: health care;labor
Context: a statement sent to the Atlanta Journal Constitution
Fact-check justification: Evans said that thousands of Georgia workers are misclassified as independent contractors and as a result, lose out on benefits, including health insurance. A state Senate study said there is no solid estimate of the number of misclassified workers, but state investigators had found between 1,500 and 4,000 instances in each of the past three years, or an average of 2,800 per year. That is based on a review of about 1 percent of businesses and most reviews reveal a misclassified worker. States that have conducted more systematic studies found misclassification rates in the range of 10 to 20 percent. The 2,800 average likely misses many instances and it’s a relatively small number, but it’s enough to support Evans’ statement. The connection to health care is less clear, because many small employers don’t offer health insurance, nor are they required to. But Evans was careful to include health care as one of several benefits, and her  doesn’t hinge on that element. With that caveat, we rate this  .
Statement: Eighty-seven percent of private insurance plans currently include (abortion) coverage.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: May 10, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: abortion;health care
Context: a fundraising letter
Fact-check justification: His figure, widely cited in the news media, comes from an organization that both sides of the debate rely one for information. But while the source Brown used is widely cited, it is worth noting that it is not a recent study. The study, attributed to the Guttmacher Institute, was done nearly a decade ago. That’s an additional piece of information that helps put the data in context. On the -O-Meter, we rate his  as .
Statement: Mercury is used in vaccines, and there is no safe level of mercury.
Speaker: mike adams
About the speaker: Mike Adams is a prolific blogger who is critical of vaccines and medical research, and is pro-gun and pro-survivalist. He is the founding editor of NaturalNews.com. Many of his posts have been labeled false by scientists. In 2019, Facebook revoked the Natural News age for violating spam rules. Adams is based in Cody, Wyo.
 
Date: February 10, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: public health
Context: a story making the rounds on social media
Fact-check justification: Bluntly, vaccines help, not hurt. And if you still don’t believe that? Consider that the recipe in question — that is, the series of shots recommended for childhood immunization — does not include the ingredient singled out as the problem. Any claims to the contrary muddy what should be a simple issue. We rate the  .