chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Bryce Reeves chaired a group bankrolled by a New York billionaire who fired hundreds of Virginia workers and sent their jobs to China.
Speaker: edd houck
About the speaker: R. Edward "Edd" Houck, D-Spotsylvania, served in the Virginia Senate from 1984 to 2012, representing the 17th District. Houck was born in Smyth County, Virginia. He attended public schools in Smyth County and received his bachelor's of science Degree in Education from Concord College, Athens, W.V., and his masters in education from the University of Virginia.
Houck worked in the public school system for 34 years, starting as a middle school science teacher in Spotsylvania County, guidance counselor, assistant principal, and the director of student services for Fredericksburg City Public Schools. He retired in 2007.
Date: September 29, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: china;jobs;message machine 2012
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: But Houck says the tie is that Reeves in 2009 chaired the Fredericksburg chapter of Americans for Prosperity, a conservative national organization that Koch co-founded. Secondly, Houck offers no proof that the jobs went directly to China. There’s some strong  to the contrary, however: Invista denies it; an industry expert says it’s improbable; and the union filings with the Department of Labor make no such . Houck uses a flimsy logic to conclude Reeves "is OK" with shipping Virginia jobs to China. We rate the  .
Statement: Video shows "Pfizer lab in Madrid on fire.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 2, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Bitchute post
Fact-check justification: Pfizer has a plant in San Sebastián de los Reyes in Madrid, but there wasn’t a fire there, Andrew Widger, a spokesperson for the company, told PolitiFact. Rather, he said, the video shows a fire at a nearby composting factory that was caused by lightning.   On Sept. 2, the same day the video of the fire was shared online, a translation of a Spanish-language Europa Press story said that "lightning has caused the fire of a large pile of branches and remains of trees and vegetation in a composting factory … in San Sebastián de los Reyes. "  A city emergency agency had tweeted a video of the fire the day before.   We rate this post .
Statement: In the 1990s, the Biden Crime Bill added 100,000 cops to America's streets. As a result, murder and violent crime rates went down eight years in a row.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: November 2, 2007
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: statement on Web site
Fact-check justification: The exception was a 2002 study by researchers at the University of Nebraska and Southwest Texas State University, which found COPS had a major effect on cutting crime from 1994 through 2000, particularly in big cities. But the study was funded by the COPS program, raising questions of impartiality, and it failed to account for changing demographics after 1994. It also ignored the fact that crime was already dropping nationwide before COPS existed, critics said. In reality, studies show that no one thing — not even Biden's army of officers — can take credit for the declining crime rate in the 1990s and first five years of this century. Rather, it was likely the result of a complex series of factors, including population shifts, an improving economy, longer prison sentences for violent criminals, better policing and changes in drug use.
Statement: Obama administration kept illegal Mexican kids in detention camps as 'experiment'
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: June 16, 2018
Topics: immigration;drugs;fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: An online blog claimed, "Obama administration kept illegal Mexican kids in detention camps as 'experiment.'" The statement sounds far more sinister than the facts in . The "experiment," the Juvenile Referral Process, detained older unaccompanied minors suspected of smuggling drugs or other immigrants across the border. These minors otherwise would have been immediately deported. They were housed in Office of Refugee Resettlement facilities in order to extract intelligence and cut down on smuggling. The pilot program lasted for slightly more than one year. Finally, the minors were not experimented on; rather, the program itself was a test.  The statement has an element of , but leaves out critical context that would give a different impression. We rate this statement .
Statement: Anheuser-Busch CEO resigns" after Bud Light partners with transgender social media influencer Dylan Mulvaney.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 6, 2023
Topics: alcohol;facebook fact-checks
Context: a photo on Facebook
Fact-check justification: The post claims someone named "CEO Augustus Anheuser III" resigned, but that name is made up. The company’s CEO is Brendan Whitworth and there have been no reports of his resignation. August Anheuser-Busch III, great-grandson of Anheuser-Busch co-founder Adolphus Busch, is a former CEO of the beer company. Anheuser-Busch confirmed to The Associated Press that this  "is  and there is no  to it." We rate the  that the Anheuser-Busch CEO resigned after the company partnered with Mulvaney .
Statement: Christine Grady "is the head of NIH.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: January 24, 2023
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Each institute and center also has its own director , but Grady isn’t one among those leaders, either.   Rather, she is the Clinical Center’s bioethics chief and heads the human subjects research section.   "As part of her official duties, Dr. Grady and her staff teach medical ethics and perform research into complex ethical issues related to medicine and clinical research," the National Institutes of Health told PolitiFact in a statement in 2021, when we fact-checked a  that Grady "rubber stamps exceptions to normal drug and vaccine testing. "  That was , and so is the  that she heads the agency. We rate this post .
Statement: The Social Security trust fund is sound. Without anything being done, it would function well into 2038; and even after that time with no changes, we could pay 80 percent of the benefits that people have earned.
Speaker: marcy kaptur
About the speaker: Marcy Kaptur represents Ohio's Ninth Congressional District in the House of Representatives. She was first elected to the House in 1982. She is the senior-most woman in the 111th Congress.
 
Date: April 11, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: social security
Context: House of Representatives floor speech
Fact-check justification: They don’t mesh precisely with the Social Security Administration’s numbers, but are fairly close. She’s on shakier ground with her contention that the fund is "sound." Without corrective action, Social Security’s old age trust fund will be exhausted in 25 years, the CBO projects, and its lack of funding could impact benefits for future senior citizens. That’s an important contextual factor. On the -O-Meter, her statement is .
Statement: Says Bobby Jindal's parents "used his birthright citizenship to become Americans, making him an anchor baby.
Speaker: occupy democrats
About the speaker: Occupy Democrats, founded in 2012, is an advocacy group created to counterbalance the Republican tea party, and to "give President Obama and other progressive Democrats a Congress that will work with them to grow the economy, create jobs, promote fairness and fight inequality, and get money out of politics!"
Date: August 23, 2015
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Occupy Democrats said Bobby Jindal’s parents used his birthright citizenship to become Americans. We reviewed the law and spoke to two experts in immigration law. The only way Jindal might have been able to help his parents become citizens is if he had been 21. He was 5 when his mother became a citizen and 15 when his father took the same step. The experts we reached told us Jindal’s citizenship was irrelevant, bringing Occupy Democrats'  into the realm of . We rate this  !
Statement: The Islamic State is so small it "couldn't fill a Double A ballpark in Charleston, W. Va.
Speaker: ben affleck
About the speaker: Ben Affleck is an Oscar-winning actor, producer, director and screenwriter whose film career includes Argo and Gone Girl. He is a member of the Democratic Party and co-founded the Eastern Congo Initiative. He is married to actress Jennifer Garner.
Date: October 3, 2014
Topics: terrorism;punditfact
Context: an interview on "Real Time with Bill Maher"
Fact-check justification: Affleck said, "ISIS couldn't fill a Double A ballpark in Charleston, W. Va." It’s not every day we consult the CIA and a minor league baseball team for the same fact-check (of an Oscar-winning actor), but here’s what we found: The minor league stadium in question would not provide enough seating room for Islamic State fighters, even when using the U.S. government’s outdated, low estimate of 10,000. The CIA now uses a much higher estimate of 20,000-31,500 fighters, and other reports indicate it could be even higher. The Islamic State is small, but not Double A-baseball park small. We rate Affleck’s  .
Statement: Hillary Clinton has third heart attack — docs says she 'won't survive'.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 28, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: Internet posts
Fact-check justification: OurLandOfTheFree.com, a related website, wrote on July 13 that Clinton died of an overdose of Dilaudid , which is a brand-name of the opioid painkiller hydromorphone. TheLastLineOfDefense.org also ran a series of stories in which Hillary and Chelsea Clinton died in a boating accident that was the result of sabotage. Clinton is still very much in the news, since Republican members of Congress continue to push for investigations into her own campaign activities . But she’s still alive. We rate this  !
Statement: The stimulus bill includes "$300,000 for a sculpture garden in Miami.
Speaker: eric cantor
About the speaker: Eric Cantor is a former congressman who represented Virginia's 7th District from 2001 to 2014. He rose to House minority whip in 2009 and House majority leader in 2011. Cantor was upset by Dave Brat in the 2014 GOP primary for congress. He is now vice chairman and managing director of Moelis & Company, a global investment bank.
 
 
 
Date: January 23, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus
Context: an interview on the Fox News Channel
Fact-check justification: The bottom line here is that Cantor specifically identified the sculpture garden as part of the stimulus package when it just isn't — which his staff acknowledges. And he has made that   repeatedly. He was quoted saying something similar in a Richmond newspaper. That's not just sculpting the facts. That's  .
Statement: Al-Qaida operatives, have said, 'Hey, we want you to use this loophole (for purchasing guns despite being on a watch list) to attack and kill Americans.'
Speaker: cory booker
About the speaker: Cory Booker is a senator from New Jersey. He was first elected to the Senate in 2013, making him the first African-American senator from New Jersey and the first African-American elected to the Senate since Barack Obama in 2004. Booker served as mayor of Newark from 2006 until 2013. He has a bachelor's degree in political science and a master’s degree in sociology from Stanford University, an honors degree in United States history from The Queens College as a Rhodes Scholar and a J.D. from Yale Law School. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and suspended his campaign in January 2020.
Date: June 16, 2016
Location: national
Topics: crime;government regulation;public safety;regulation;terrorism;guns
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Booker said, "Al-Qaida operatives, have said, 'Hey, we want you to use this loophole (for purchasing guns despite being on a watch list) to attack and kill Americans." We've seen a 2011 video from one operative, an Al-Qaida spokesman born and raised in America, who did indeed urge Muslims to use the gun show loophole to purchase weapons and attack Americans. While an expert said its reasonable that other pieces of propaganda exist, we don't know of any. With that caveat, we rate the  as . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/475e31b4-c182-4fd0-9834-ea5d0efad56f
Statement: Says Evan "Jenkins has the same positions on the issues as Joe Manchin: supporting Hillary (Clinton), supporting cap-and-trade, supporting Planned Parenthood, many tax increases.
Speaker: patrick morrisey
About the speaker: Patrick Morrisey is the attorney general of West Virginia. Morrisey is running for the West Virginia U.S. Senate seat.
Date: October 12, 2017
Location: national
Topics: abortion;environment;candidate biography;corrections and updates;taxes
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Morrisey said "Jenkins has the same positions on the issues as Joe Manchin: supporting Hillary (Clinton), supporting cap-and-trade, supporting Planned Parenthood, many tax increases." We found that Jenkins doesn’t support any of the positions the ad mentioned, and in at least one case, Manchin didn’t either. Manchin supported Clinton in 2016, but besides attending a policy town hall Clinton hosted, we found no  Jenkins supported her as a candidate in 2008. Unlike the ad suggests, Manchin is against cap-and-trade legislation, even taking aim at the text of the cap-and-trade bill in a campaign video. Experts agreed the 2007 West Virginia bill Manchin and Jenkins supported was not in line with Obama’s proposed cap-and-trade legislation, nor was the 1997 bill Jenkins co-sponsored. Manchin supports Planned Parenthood legislation as long as it doesn’t fund abortions, whereas Jenkins has repeatedly voted against funding the group. Finally, we found no  of "many tax increases" by either Manchin or Jenkins, although Manchin supported two proposals that would have increased taxes. We rate this statement .
Statement: Sen. Marco Rubio "helped write the law to raise prescription prices.
Speaker: val demings
About the speaker: Val Demings is running against U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio in 2022. Demings won her race for U.S. Representative in 2016 and subsequently won re-election. She represents a central Florida district. She previously served as Orlando's police chief.
Date: October 31, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Rubio introduced a bill to repeal Inflation Reduction Act provisions that would reduce the cost of the 10 most expensive drugs in the Medicare program for the federal government and consumers.   It did not become a law, and it's worth remembering that Rubio's bill targets provisions that will primarily affect drug prices for Medicare — not the private sector. Still, around 60 million Americans are enrolled in the program, and in 2017, Medicare accounted for about 30% of the prescription drug market. Experts said his bill would "directly raise" what older people and people with disabilities pay for their medication. We rate Demings'  .
Statement: As with people vaccinated against COVID-19, "many people who were NOT vaccinated also experienced zero or mild symptoms.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 8, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: "​​Unvaccinated people in all age groups had higher case and death rates than people vaccinated with a primary series in the same age groups," the CDC reported as of March 17. The CDC has estimated that two or three doses of an mRNA vaccine reduce risk for COVID-19 invasive mechanical ventilation or death by 90%, and three doses of vaccine during the omicron surge reduced the risk by 94%. While there were more breakthrough COVID-19 cases with the omicron variant, vaccines continued to protect against infection, serious illness and death. While some people who are not vaccinated may not have experienced serious COVID-19 symptoms when infected, this  ignores the data that show the virus is far more serious and fatal in people who are unvaccinated. We rate this  .
Statement: Says a Fox New chyron said the Snickers candy bar is changing its texture because of "cancel culture.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 24, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Will Snickers bars be next? Non-binary chocolate, we’ve got details. "   In November and December , he also mentioned Snickers in connection with inflation.   We rate claims that this is an authentic Fox chyron .
Statement: A Texas law says "that you can't shoot bears out of the second floor of a window.
Speaker: alcee hastings
About the speaker: Alcee L. Hastings is a Congressman for Florida's District 20, which includes parts of Broward and Palm Beach counties. Hastings, a former federal judge, was first elected in 1992.
Date: February 5, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: animals;government regulation;guns
Context: a telephone interview with CNN
Fact-check justification: Hastings said a Texas law says "that you can’t shoot bears out of the second floor of a window." We failed to learn where he heard or read this. His contention that Texas is so crazy that it has a second-floor bear-shooting law is flat . Texas has no such law. Instead, it forbids hunting of bears, a protected species regardless of the windows they're standing under. From the windowed second floor of the Austin American-Statesman ’s building, we find this   and . !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Obama "voted for and even sponsored amendments that were intended to kill the (immigration overhaul) legislation.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: July 14, 2008
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: San Diego
Fact-check justification: And he supported Dorgan's amendment, which was considered the poison pill McCain describes. But it's not accurate to describe Obama's amendment in the same terms. It addressed what many experts viewed as a central component of any viable immigration reform package. McCain and his camp are exaggerating Obama's role by portraying him as a giant-slayer without offering any proof Obama was intent on killing the entire package. For these reasons, we deem McCain's  .
Statement: Says Patrick Murphy "supports a gun ban on commonly owned semi-automatic firearms used for hunting, recreational shooting and self defense.
Speaker: national rifle association
About the speaker: An advocacy group that fights restrictions on the right to bear arms.
Date: October 4, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: guns
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: The NRA-ILA said, "Murphy supports a gun ban on commonly owned semi-automatic firearms used for hunting, recreational shooting and self defense." Murphy has called for a ban on ill-defined "military-style weapons of war" and "assault weapons." His campaign didn’t specify further which guns, but these political terms usually refer to rifles used in some mass shootings with  cosmetic differences from other semi-automatic rifles. These rifles, often based on the AR-15, are used by owners in the way the NRA describes. But the mailer could be construed as saying Murphy wants to take away most, if not all, semi-automatic firearms, which Murphy denies. Their statement is slightly off the mark, so we rate it .
Statement: This photo shows "headache treatments in 1890s known as vibration therapy.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 19, 2022
Topics: health care;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: An 1883 book about vibration therapy describes it as using a brush which is "applied very lightly on the scalp, and moved from below upwards and from before backwards, a few times in an orderly manner," according to the article. At that time, physicians knew that loud sounds could result in concussions, Stephen Casper, author of "The Neurologists: A History of a Medical Specialty in Modern Britain, C.1789–2000," told Snopes . Doctors therefore would have understood that using a sledgehammer would cause headaches and not treat them, Casper said. The image used in the post has circulated widely and was even used for an  album cover  by a heavy metal band. We rate the  that this photo shows vibration therapy to treat headaches .