chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Rep. David Cicilline is responsible for the federal loan guarantee to Solyndra, the failed solar company
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: January 22, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: energy;stimulus
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The full name of the legislation under which the stimulus package was approved gives this one away -- the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Cicilline took office in January 2011, a full 23 months after passage of the bill enacting the loan guarantee program that benefited Solyndra. The National Republican Congressional Committee has every right to call the stimulus a "boondoggle." And it’s fair to say that Cicilline supported the stimulus before taking office. But Lindsay said that Cicilline is "responsible for this irresponsible investment." No, he’s not. We’d say that Lindsay and the National Republican Congressional Committee simply used overheated rhetoric, but that’s an understatement. Their  is so wildly  that we give it a . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: I haven't missed a vote since 1993.
Speaker: chuck grassley
About the speaker: Chuck Grassley is a Republican senator from Iowa.
Date: December 30, 2009
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: a conference call
Fact-check justification: Hv not missed vote 7/93. 5700 votes consecutive."    Grassley said he hadn't missed a vote since 1993, which is certainly correct for every recorded vote. Grassley has every right to brag. We give him a .
Statement: In 2020, more people voted in America than ever in the history of America, in the middle of a once-in-a-century pandemic.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: July 13, 2021
Topics: elections
Context: Philadelphia
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "In 2020, more people voted in America than ever in the history of America, in the middle of a once-in-a-century pandemic." Using the metric of raw votes, Biden is correct. More than 158 million Americans voted, more than ever before. But his comparison doesn’t account for population growth. As a percentage of the voting eligible population, the rate in 2020 was higher than in any election since 1900, during the period when the eligible electorate was much narrower, consisting predominantly of white men. The statement is accurate but needs additional context, so we rate it .
Statement: Photo shows Rep. Adam Schiff and a "little boy he killed.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 6, 2022
Location: california
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In a 2017 profile of Schiff in the Jewish Journal, McMillan spoke positively about their relationship and provided the publication with a more recent photo of the "lifelong friends. "  In April, McMillan posted a photo of himself and Schiff on Instagram, writing, "So proud to call him my brother." Baseless claims that Schiff is a pedophile have circulated online for several years. In 2019, we debunked a  that he used taxpayer money to settle a sexual harassment , a rumor we traced back to a junk news website featuring a fabricated interview and unsourced social media posts.   We rate claims that this photo shows Schiff with a boy he killed !
Statement: Seattle police begin gun confiscations: no laws broken, no warrant, no charges.
Speaker: liberty headlines
About the speaker: Liberty Headlines is a right-leaning website.
Date: March 7, 2018
Topics: fake news;states;punditfact;guns
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Liberty Headlines said, "Seattle police begin gun confiscations: no laws broken, no warrant, no charges." The headline and the story make it appear that Seattle police arbitrarily took away a man’s gun, and that’s not the case. Interviews with police officials showed that after police received numerous reports about a man’s troubling behavior, so they sought an extreme risk protection order from the court to remove the man’s gun. Police tracked down the man to inform him about the order. When the man failed to appear in court as ordered and didn’t turn over his gun, the judge signed off on the order that allowed police to arrest McKenzie. We rate this  . '
Statement: Numbers on illegal immigrants "are down in terms of apprehensions, which indicates fewer illegal crossings, but also up in terms of actual enforcement actions.
Speaker: janet napolitano
About the speaker: Janet Napolitano is the U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security, appointed by President Obama. Prior to that, she was the governor of Arizona.
Date: May 2, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's 'This Week'
Fact-check justification: We agree that apprehensions are down, which indicates fewer illegal border crossings. Removals are also up. But we question whether removals are the same thing as "actual enforcement actions." The picture there is a little more nuanced. So we rate Napolitano's statement .
Statement: Federal stimulus money went to a Georgia Tech project that will "apparently involve the professor jamming with 'world-renowned musicians' to 'hopefully also create satisfying works of art.'
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: August 3, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: stimulus
Context: a report
Fact-check justification: The project was vetted by an independent panel of experts on its merit and quality. It resulted in the launch of a company that employs five people, and pays for the tuition and stipends of five graduate students. Since the report said the project will "apparently" involve the professor jamming with musicians, rather than stating it as an absolute fact, we'll grant Sens. McCain and Coburn a little leeway. But not much. We rate their  .
Statement: Women "receive only 77 cents for every dollar a man earns.
Speaker: diana degette
About the speaker: Diana DeGette is a Democratic congresswoman from Colorado.
Date: September 5, 2012
Location: national
Topics: jobs;women
Context: a Democratic National Convention speech
Fact-check justification: DeGette claimed women "receive only 77 cents for every dollar a man earns." The measure comes from a valid source, though other comparisons indicate the gap is tighter. Also, some occupations have smaller gaps than others. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Dwight Holton has never set foot in an Oregon courtroom.
Speaker: ellen rosenblum
About the speaker: Ellen Rosenblum is a former Oregon Court of Appeals judge running for Oregon Attorney General.
Date: April 11, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: candidate biography;message machine 2012
Context: a news story
Fact-check justification: We gave Holton a  for saying that Rosenblum said 80 percent of the attorney general’s job is being the state’s lawyer. She said it -- and even denied saying it -- but she said other things about the job, as well. Here we find that her attempt to paint Holton as an Oregon outsider, just because he personally hasn’t argued in state court, is . The statement contains a bit of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rule Rosenblum’s statement .
Statement: Watching the TV footage of those who entered the Capitol. … If you didn't know the TV footage was from Jan. 6, you would actually think it was a normal tourist visit.
Speaker: andrew clyde
About the speaker: Andrew Clyde was elected to Congress in 2020. He served as an U.S. Navy officer for 28 years, which included three combat deployments to Kuwait and Iraq. He established Clyde Armory in 1991 and grew the company into a nationwide firearms business which currently operates two brick-and-mortar locations in Georgia. 
Date: May 12, 2021
Location: georgia
Topics: national;congress;crime;tourism;jan. 6
Context: a House hearing
Fact-check justification: Clyde said, "Watching the TV footage of those who entered the Capitol … . If you didn't know the TV footage was from Jan. 6, you would actually think it was a normal tourist visit." Clyde’s spokesperson pointed to a few moments of video of people walking through Statuary Hall snapping photos or videos. But those people were not engaged in anything that resembles tourism. They were part of a group who had violently breached the U.S. Capitol. Rioters that day assaulted police officers and vandalized the building, resulting in more than 400 people charged with crimes. This was no tourist visit, and there was nothing normal about it. This is a  statement. ! RELATED : Yes, Jan. 6 Capitol assault was an "armed insurrection" RELATED: Tucker Carlson’s   downplaying role of white supremacists at Capitol riot
Statement: Photo shows members of the migrant caravan dragging a Mexican official.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 30, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: The photo was actually taken in Acapulco in 2014, when Mexican police were injured during protests over the disappearance of 43 student teachers. Sixteen officers were injured, according to the Guardian . Photographer Pedro Pardo took the picture for Getty Images. The caption that ran with the image in the Guardian’s story: "Demonstrators hold a riot police officer during clashes following a protest in Acapulco." We rate this post !
Statement: West Virginia University just came out with a study that showed that there will be almost 20,000 jobs created in clean energy in West Virginia if (President Joe Biden's) agenda is passed.
Speaker: jennifer granholm
About the speaker: Jennifer Granholm, a Democrat, is the Energy Secretary in the Biden administration. She served two terms as governor of Michigan, from 2003 to 2011.
Date: September 8, 2021
Location: west virginia
Topics: economy;energy;jobs
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Granholm said, "West Virginia University just came out with a study that showed that there will be almost 20,000 jobs created in clean energy in West Virginia if (President Joe Biden’s) agenda is passed." An analysis by WVU researchers did project that a combination of the Biden and Manchin proposals would create up to 20,000 jobs if enacted. One of the study’s authors characterized Granholm’s recap of the report’s finding as fair. However, Granholm use of the word "will" suggests greater certainty than is warranted. She also used the top figure from a range of possible job gains, and a majority of these gains would come from indirect economic activity that can be hard to predict and would not be specifically in clean-energy manufacturing. We rate this  .
Statement: Twenty-five percent of people in the country have said they changed their email and phone habits because of" the collection of data allowed by the Patriot Act.
Speaker: mark pocan
About the speaker: Mark Pocan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2nd Congressional District on Nov. 6, 2012. He is from Madison and previously served as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin state Assembly. 
Date: May 20, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: civil rights;homeland security;terrorism
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: GfK did try to account for participants who drop out of the survey by adding in new participants and weighting their responses. Overall, experts said the methodology followed industry standards and wouldn’t have had a great affect on the results. Our rating Pocan said 25 percent of Americans changed their phone and email habits in response to federal data collection. He pointed to a Pew Research study as , which our experts said checked out, but he misrepresented and overstated the statistic on the radio show.    For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, our rating is .
Statement: Ending the estate tax would "protect millions of small businesses and the American farmer.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 27, 2017
Location: national
Topics: agriculture;small business;taxes
Context: Indianapolis
Fact-check justification: Trump said that ending the estate tax would "protect millions of small businesses and the American farmer." That’s a  high estimate. Only 5,460 estates even pay the tax each year, according to a credible estimate, and of those, about 80 represented small businesses or farms. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Joe Biden "wants to put a 3% annual federal tax on your home.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 6, 2020
Location: national
Topics: taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: a text post
Fact-check justification: On his campaign website, Biden says he supports creating tax credits for first-time homebuyers and low-income families who rent. We could find no mention of a nationwide property tax. We reached out to the campaign for a comment, but we haven’t heard back. The Facebook post is . We rate it .
Statement: Fast food chain Wendy's was "exposed for using horse meat.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 30, 2022
Location: national
Topics: food;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A spokesperson from Ketchum, the public relations company representing Wendy’s, said the Facebook  is .   "Wendy’s does not now, nor have they ever, used horsemeat in their products," they said.   The FDA and Agriculture Department did not respond to PolitiFact about this . But a web search showed they have made no announcements about Wendy’s using horsemeat.   We rate this  !
Statement: Says the government has "gotten the TARP money back plus a profit.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: September 20, 2012
Location: national
Topics: financial regulation
Context: an interview on "The Daily Show"
Fact-check justification: Former President Clinton said government got the TARP money back plus interest. That is correct for the money that went to banks. It is  for TARP as a whole. The program remains about $34 billion in the red. We rate the statement .
Statement: [Hillary Clinton]'s not trusted -- virtually at all.
Speaker: tom marino
About the speaker: Tom Marino has served as the U.S. representative for Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district since 2011.
Date: July 18, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: elections
Context: a speech to the PA delegation at the RNC
Fact-check justification: Our Ruling Marino said with regard to Clinton: "She's not trusted -- virtually at all." This is clearly hyperbole when it comes to all voters, but not far from the  when looking at the polling of Republican voters. Clinton's admitted herself that she's struggled when it comes to voters trusting her, so the sentiment of this  makes sense. Still, to say she’s not trusted "virtually at all" isn’t accurate. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Chris Jacobs is a "Never Trumper.
Speaker: chris collins
About the speaker: Chris Collins is the Republican congressman representing New York's 27th Congressional District.
Date: May 21, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: candidate biography;negative campaigning
Context: a fundraising email
Fact-check justification: Collins called Jacobs a "Never Trumper," using the present-tense.  While Jacobs dodged questions of whether he supported Trump during the 2016 election and has been occasionally critical of him, there is no  that he is or was a "Never Trumper," a label given typically to Republicans and conservatives who are outspoken that they opposed Trump’s candidacy and are opposed to his campaign for re-election. Jacobs today says that he supports Trump and his agenda. We rate Collins’  .
Statement: It's coming. Nobody can stop this train.
Speaker: raymond lahood
About the speaker: Raymond LaHood, a former Republican member of the U.S. House from Illinois, is secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation.
Date: September 6, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;infrastructure;transportation
Context: Milwaukee
Fact-check justification: In his enthusiastic support for the Milwaukee-to-Madison train, U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood has proclaimed -- twice -- that the train could not be stopped. That statement overlooks an obvious obstacle: the voters. If Walker wins, experts say he will have numerous avenues open to him to stop the project, even though those steps may carry repercussions. And if Congress turns red, he would have a major ally in the effort. We rate LaHood’s statement .
Statement: Last week, the Colorado Supreme Court declared that Boulder's AR-15 ban was unconstitutional. Today, there was a mass shooting in Boulder.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 22, 2021
Location: colorado
Topics: facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The post says that a week before a mass shooting in Boulder, the Colorado Supreme Court declared that Boulder’s AR-15 ban was unconstitutional. The post is partially accurate but got some important details . A little more than a week ago, a district court judge ruled that the city’s ban on assault-style weapons wasn’t legal under a 2003 state law, not the U.S. or Colorado constitution.  The Colorado Supreme Court has yet to consider the case, and the city hasn’t announced if it will appeal the decision.  We rate this  .
Statement: North Carolina's Democratic primary is open to "all registered voters, regardless of registration.
Speaker: michael bloomberg
About the speaker: Michael Bloomberg was mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013. The billionaire co-founded Bloomberg LP, a financial information and media company, in 1981. On Nov. 24, 2019, he announced his candidacy for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on March 4, 2020.
Date: February 4, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections
Context: a campaign letter
Fact-check justification: Bloomberg’s letter said "North Carolina election law allows all registered voters, regardless of registration, to vote in the Democratic Primary." That’s not . North Carolina has a semi-closed primary.  If you’re an unaffiliated voter, you can vote in one of the major party’s primaries. If you’re registered with a certain party, you cannot participate in another party’s primary like Bloomberg’s letter implies. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney "called the Arizona law a model for the nation.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 16, 2012
Location: national
Topics: immigration;legal issues
Context: the second presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Obama said Mitt Romney "called the Arizona law a model for the nation." That statement mischaracterizes Romney’s salute to Arizona’s mandate that employers electronically verify the legal status of employees, which was passed in 2007 and was not included in S.B. 1070. We rate the statement .
Statement: Since I was elected, crime rates have been at their lowest in over a decade.
Speaker: bill foster
About the speaker: Bill Foster was elected mayor of St. Petersburg in 2009. He is a former St. Petersburg City Council member.
Date: July 9, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: crime
Context: a campaign brochure
Fact-check justification: Foster said, "Since I was elected, crime rates have been at their lowest in over a decade." On the numbers, Foster is accurate. The crime rate is at its lowest since at least 2000. But in judging claims like these, we also must consider whether Foster is right to take credit for the drop. On that front, it’s a bit of a mixed bag. Yes, the mayor helped institute a number of new crime-fighting measures. But crime rates are down across the country, and it’s unclear how much the new crime-fighting tools helped St. Petersburg’s decline. On balance, we rate the statement .
Statement: The point of defunding the Police in Minneapolis is that Minnesota is where Obama settled 1 Million Islamics. They want Sharia Law.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 8, 2020
Topics: criminal justice;population;religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed: "The point of defunding the Police in Minneapolis is that Minnesota is where Obama settled 1 Million Islamics. They want Sharia Law." The number of refugees from Somalia, which is nearly 100% Muslim, resettled in Minnesota under Obama is 6,320. Minneapolis is where the death of George Floyd occurred, touching off protests against police racism brutality. There is no  that efforts to defund the police in Minneapolis are at all related to Sharia. We rate the post .