chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Most voters prefer zombies to the current U.S. Congress.
Speaker: edward lindsey
About the speaker: Ed Lindsey, a Republican, was a candidate for the U.S. House 11th District seat in Georgia.
Date: October 29, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: congress
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: PolitiFact Georgia had one more question. Why would Lindsey would want to work in a place where his colleagues are so widely despised? "I’ve seen just about every zombie show and, so far, the humans win," Lindsey explained with a hearty laugh. We have no reason to question the PPP’s accuracy on this topic. We rate Lindsey’s statement .
Statement: Says U.S. Rep. Kyrsten Sinema "voted to cut ICE.
Speaker: martha mcsally
About the speaker: Martha McSally, a Republican, is a former U.S. Senator and former U.S. Representative from Arizona. McSally served 26 years in the U.S. Air Force, retiring in 2010 as a full colonel. She was the first female fighter pilot to fly a combat mission and command a fighter squadron. She was elected to public office for the first time when she won election to Congress in 2014.
Date: September 16, 2018
Location: arizona
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a Fox News interview
Fact-check justification: McSally said Sinema "voted to cut ICE." McSally’s  are votes Sinema cast on measures seeking to take funds away from ICE to give them to FEMA and the Coast Guard. But McSally’s  ignores Sinema’s broader voting record. Sinema has also voted to increase funds for ICE and cast a vote supporting ICE and denouncing calls to eliminate the agency. McSally’s  is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: I'm the only front-line prosecutor in this race that's actually used the resources of the Wisconsin Crime Lab in the prosecution of cases.
Speaker: eric toney
About the speaker: Fond du Lac County District Attorney and Republican candidate for Attorney General. Veteran prosecutor Toney defeated former state Rep. Adam Jarchow to win the Republican nomination for Wisconsin attorney general in the August 9, 2022 primary.
Date: August 22, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;legal issues;states
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: In a TV interview, Toney claimed: "I'm the only front-line prosecutor in this race that's actually used the resources of the Wisconsin Crime Lab in the prosecution of cases."  The statement may be accurate -- Owens is a law professor and Kaul’s experience as a front-line federal prosecutor relied on crime labs in other states, not in Wisconsin’s -- but it needs clarification. That fits our definition for .
Statement: Richmond is "the most vegan-friendly city.
Speaker: dwight jones
About the speaker: Dwight Jones, a Democrat, was elected mayor of Richmond in 2008 and was re-elected in 2012.
He previously served as in the Virginia House of Delegates, representing the 70th District, which is composed of parts of Richmond, Henrico County and Chesterfield County. His term ran from 1994 to 2008. For eight years,  he was chairman of the Virginia Legislative Black Caucus. He also previously served on the Richmond City School Board and as its chairman from 1982 to 1985.
Jones is also senior pastor of First Baptist Church of South Richmond.
Jones earned bachelor of science and master of divinity degrees from Virginia Union University, Richmond, and a doctorate from United Theological Seminary, Trotwood, Ohio.
Date: January 30, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: pop culture;recreation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Jones said Richmond is the "most vegan friendly city." The source he cited, however, rated Richmond 10th in providing animal-free food. We don’t doubt Jones’ contention that Richmond is "cool." When it comes to vegans, Richmond may be hospitable, but it has not been rated the friendliest city for them. So we rate the mayor’s  .
Statement: Well, you know, the Teamsters wanted to drill in Alaska. I voted against drilling in Alaska. So it's not like I'm a slam dunk on every issue.
Speaker: dennis kucinich
About the speaker: Dennis Kucinich is running in the Democratic primary for governor of Ohio in 2018. Kucinich was elected to Congress in 1996. He previously served as a member of the city council and as mayor in Cleveland, the city where he was born in 1946. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Case Western University. He has been married since 2005 to Elizabeth Harper. He was married twice before and has one child. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 25, 2008.
Date: November 15, 2007
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Las Vegas
Fact-check justification: "It's time for America to have what it has lacked for too long: a responsible, realistic energy plan that meets our needs and protects our future," Jerry Hood, a Teamsters leader from Alaska, said at a news conference on July 31, 2001. One day later, Kucinich voted against drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge when he voted "yes" for an amendment that would have removed proexploration provisions from an energy bill. He cites threats to the environment and human rights in his opposition to exploration. Kucinich calls himself "the candidate of workers ... the one candidate in the race who comes right from the working class and can address those needs directly because I remember where I came from. "
On this issue, he's correct in saying he wasn't with the unions.
Statement: Says Nate McMurray said that "gun owners are part of the most insecure and dangerous club on earth," that "the NRA are homegrown terrorists," and that "abortion opponents are the American Taliban.
Speaker: chris jacobs
About the speaker: Chris Jacobs is a candidate for New York State Senate District 60. He currently serves as Erie County Clerk.
Date: June 13, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: abortion;guns
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Jacobs said McMurray had said that "gun owners are part of the most insecure and dangerous club on earth," that "the NRA are homegrown terrorists," and that "abortion opponents are the American Taliban." In each case, McMurray did tweet something very close to what Jacobs cited in the debate, although sometimes with slightly different wording from what Jacobs used. The biggest divergence was in the first of these claims, in which McMurray was referring to people who own assault weapons rather than gun owners more generally. The statements are accurate but need additional information, so we rate them .
Statement: Rivers in Oklahoma are full of catfish carrying the virus.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 2, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "If your friends share a  graphic about COVID-19 and ‘catfish’ that looks like it’s from News 9, tell ‘em it’s not from us. It is a , 100%." Searching news coverage online, we found no mention of fish as coronavirus carriers.   But KWTV offered a lesson in its Facebook post that we can endorse,: "If your instinct tells you a piece of news is , your instinct is probably right." We rate this catfish  .
Statement: Children are 50 times more likely to be killed by the Covid vaccines than by the virus itself.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 5, 2021
Topics: children;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: A viral image claimed that "children are 50 times more likely to be killed by" COVID-19 vaccines than by the virus itself. There is no clear  COVID-19 vaccines have caused any deaths. Several hundred children have died from COVID-19. We rate the  .
Statement: Says the estate tax, "in many cases," forces family farmers and small businesses owners to sell their holdings.
Speaker: robert hurt
About the speaker: Robert Hurt, Republican, represents Virginia's 5th District, which is composed of 19 counties and two independent municipalities and is Virginia's largest, in Congress. Hurt was first elected to the U.S. House in 2010. He serves on the Financial Services Committee and on its Capital Markets and Government Sponsored Enterprises and Housing and Insurance subcommittees.
Hurt, a Pittsylvania County native, previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 2002 to 2007 and in the state senate from 2008 to 2010.
Hurt graduated from Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden Sydney, in 1991 and earned a law degree from Mississippi College School of Law, Jackson, Miss., in 1995.
Date: April 16, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: agriculture;families;small business;taxes
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: In arguing for the repeal of the federal estate tax, Hurt says the levy "in many cases" forces family farmers and small businesses owners to sell their holdings instead of passing them down. He presents no statistics --  or specific examples -- on liquidations under the federal estate tax structure that went into effect in 2011. The estate tax kicks in on individual assets worth at least $5.43 million and joint holdings of $10.86 million. Hurt ignores a body of research showing a tiny portion of deceased people -- only two tenths of 1 percent, according to a Congressional report -- leave estates that are subject to the tax. The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates only 6 tenths of 1 percent of estates with farms qualified for the tax in 2013. The nonpartisan Tax Policy Center estimates that there were 20 small, closely held farms and businesses that were subject to the tax that year. It’s unknown how many of them, if any at all, were sold to pay the levy. So Hurt’s statement comes up empty. We rate it .
Statement: Says John McAfee tweeted before his death that he stored computer files in the Florida condo building that later collapsed.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 25, 2021
Topics: technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: McAfee sent out two tweets on June 8, but neither made reference to computer files or a condo, according to an account analysis . We found no such tweet with a Twitter advanced search or on an AllMyTweets search. We rate the post . In the U.S., the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline is at 800-273-8255 and online chat support is also available . Text HOME to 741741 to connect with a crisis counselor from anywhere in the U.S. at any time, about any type of crisis.
Statement: Black Lives Matter protest at Iowa Capitol was an "insurrection" like that on Jan. 6 at the U.S. Capitol.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 8, 2021
Location: iowa
Topics: civil rights;facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: articles and social media
Fact-check justification: Social media posts likened a BLM protest at the Iowa Capitol to the Jan. 6 insurrection on the U.S. Capitol. The Iowa demonstrators, protesting four bills, obtained a permit for their rally and entered the state Capitol peacefully and were screened by security; they did not storm the building or disrupt legislative proceedings. One protester was arrested. The U.S. Capitol insurrection was largely aimed at overturning the results of the presidential election by disrupting the counting of electoral votes. It left five people dead and has resulted in at least 368 people being arrested or charged. Statements that liken the two events ignore  showing  the Iowa protest was not an insurrection, did not involve breaking into a government building and no damage or injuries were reported. We rate these claims .
Statement: George Allen voted to add $3 trillion to the federal debt, voted to raise the debt ceiling four times and voted for the No Child Left Behind Act while he was a senator.
Speaker: jamie radtke
About the speaker: Jamie Radtke, a Republican, was a candidate for the GOP nomination for U.S. Senate in 2012 and was president of the Richmond Tea Party and co-founder of the Virginia Tea Party Patriots Federation.
Radtke graduated from Liberty University, Lynchburg, in 1995 and earned a master's degree in public policy from the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, in 1998.
Date: April 12, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: deficit;education;federal budget
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: She also said Allen voted to increase the debt ceiling four times, and she’s right. John Warner voted with Allen three of those times, and most of Virginia’s House Republicans supported the  the increases as well. Finally, Radtke is correct in noting that Allen supported the     No Child Left Behind Act. Eighty-four other senators backed the bipartisan bill. We rate Radtke’s statement .
Statement: Says nobody in higher education believes Gov. Rick Perry's proposal to "serve up $10,000 college degrees" is possible.
Speaker: andy brown
About the speaker: Andy Brown, initially elected chairman of the Travis County Democrats in 2008, served in that role until he ran for Travis County judge in 2014. He was previously executive director of the 21st Century Democrats in Texas.
Date: February 22, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: The article also says the program might not be funded in the next state budget. No doubt, there’s skepticism in higher education about Perry’s call. But it’s a stretch to say nobody believes $10,000 degrees possible. Four-year technology degrees at around that price point are already an option for some Texas students. We rate Brown’s statement .
Statement: All of the records, as far as I know, about what we did with health care, those are already available.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: October 30, 2007
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Philadelphia
Fact-check justification: It's  that many of the documents from the unsuccessful health care effort that Sen. Clinton helmed are available, but there are several gaps in the record, such as her calendar and internal memos. Judicial Watch, a conservative think tank and longtime Clinton critic, is suing to have its Freedom of Information Act request on the records filled. Also missing from the records are any correspondence on health care between her and former President Clinton. That has been designated for review at the former president's request. It's not knowable whether the documents will be cleared in time for either the primary or general election, but given delays at the National Archives and in the reviewing process, it seems questionable.
Statement: Salaries of Austin residents who don't work for city government "have not been going up 3 percent a year for the last several years.
Speaker: don zimmerman
About the speaker: Don Zimmerman, who ran for the Texas House in 2006, won election to the Austin City Council in 2014. He represents District 6 on the council.
 
Date: September 1, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: city budget;city government;economy;jobs
Context: an Austin City Council meeting
Fact-check justification: Zimmerman said the salaries of Austin residents who don't work for city government "have not been going up 3 percent a year for the last several years." By various indicators, wages of Austin-area workers have not gone up 3 percent every year, as Zimmerman said. Yet some measures suggest there were some 3 percent (or better) average increases though we also found  of an average wage decline one recent year. We rate Zimmerman’s statement, which lacked these clarifications, .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: VA Democrats authorized for early release over 4,000 inmates, 60% of which are incarcerated for violent offenses.
Speaker: nick freitas
About the speaker: Republican Nick Freitas was first elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 2015. He represents the 30th District, comprising Madison, Orange and part of Culpeper Counties.
Freitas served in the Army Green Berets and served two tours in Iraq.  After his honorable discharge in 2009, he moved to Virginia and works as director of operations for a sevice disabled veteran owned company.
Freitas is seeking the 2020 Republican nomination for the Seventh District congressioanl set held by Democrat Abigail Spanberger. He unsuccessfully sought the GOP nomination for the U.S. Senate in 2018. He is married to Tina Freitas, a local Republican activist and state senate candidate in 2019. 
Date: April 28, 2020
Location: virginia
Topics: criminal justice;crime;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Freitas says, "VA Democrats authorized for early release over 4,000 inmates, 60% of which are incarcerated for violent offenses." He’s talking about a budget amendment the Democratic-run legislature muscled through at Northam’s request to combat a COVID-19 outbreak in prisons. Freitas’ numbers are good, but his statement lacks context. He didn’t mention - in his Facebook post or during his town hall broadcast - that all of these inmates will be less than a year away from finishing their sentence. They’ll getting out soon anyway, regardless of whether they’re granted early release. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Nationally, the unemployment rate for veterans is far greater than the national unemployment rate," and Wisconsin is "one of those rare examples where unemployment is actually lower for veterans than it is for the population as a whole and certainly lower than it is nationally.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: May 30, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs;veterans
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: BLS doesn’t publish state U-6 rates specifically for veterans, . Our rating Walker said "Nationally, the unemployment rate for veterans is far greater than the national unemployment rate," and Wisconsin is "one of those rare examples where unemployment is actually lower for veterans than it is for the population as a whole and certainly lower than it is nationally."    Data from BLS supported two of the four aspects of his  and experts cautioned about use of raw statistics. Our definition for  is a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. That fits here.
Statement: New Virginia regulations on abortion clinics "provide the same sanitary environment we expect of dental offices.
Speaker: susan b. anthony list
About the speaker: The Susan B. Anthony List is a Republican group that seeks to  elect pro-life women to Congress.
 
Date: April 23, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion;public health;regulation
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: A PAC affiliated with the Susan B. Anthony List says in an ad that McAuliffe opposed new regulations that would "require women’s health clinics to provide the same sanitary environment we expect of dental offices." McAuliffe did oppose new regulations that were approved for abortion clinics earlier this month. But it is  to imply that these rules elevate the sanitary standards for clinics to those of dental offices. Abortion clinics will be held to hospital building codes, must comply with with federal guidelines for infection prevention and will be inspected at least once every two years. Dental offices do not have to meet any of these guidelines and will continue to be inspected only in response to a complaint. Without any , the PAC has launched a  ad that trivializes very significant and polarizing changes Virginia has made to the way it regulates abortion clinics. We rate this  .
Statement: The average family not in the top 10 percent makes less money today than they were making a generation ago.
Speaker: elizabeth warren
About the speaker: Elizabeth Warren is a senator from Massachusetts. Warren was elected to the Senate in 2012 and was re-elected in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024. Warren received a bachelor’s degree in speech pathology and audiology from the University of Houston and a J.D. from Rutgers Law School. In 2019, she announced her race for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 5, 2020.
Date: January 7, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;income;jobs;labor
Context: a speech at the AFL-CIO National Summit on Raising Wages
Fact-check justification: Warren said, "The average family not in the top 10 percent makes less money today than they were making a generation ago." According to one measurement, the bottom 90 percent of American earners had a lower income in 2012 than they had 30 years ago. By other measurements -- mainly ones that include government payments such as Social Security -- incomes have grown across the board. However, this data still supports Warren’s overall point that income inequality is growing. Additionally, given the context of her speech at a forum about wages, it makes sense that Warren would reference data that gives more weight to pre-tax income. She’s arguing that middle-class wages haven’t increased enough over the past couple decades. We rate Warren’s  . Help fund PolitiFact’s Kickstarter to live fact-check the 2015 State of the Union and GOP response.