chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "was literally present when we pressed the reset button with Russia just a few months after Russia had invaded Georgia.
Speaker: tom cotton
About the speaker: Tom Cotton, a Republican, was elected to the House of Representatives in 2012 from a district in Arkansas.
Date: July 3, 2016
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Cotton said Clinton "pressed the reset button with Russia just a few months after Russia had invaded Georgia." Cotton shrinks the timeframe and oversimplifies the nature of the Russian action. Yet, while imperfect, his words are not necessarily an  retelling of history. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/bd239335-02d6-4771-a950-83fb54dd522b
Statement: Says Facebook imposes a 7% limit on a user's sharing.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 20, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Facebook spokesperson Ryan Peters told PolitiFact there is no such thing as the 7% limit that is mentioned in the image.   Facebook does not demote content simply because it is in favor of or against any political figure or party, unless it violates Facebook’s Community Standards , such as by being threatening or harassing.   Peters said Facebook does limit certain types of content in a user’s News Feed, such as this image, which it categorizes as "engagement bait. " That policy was in response to users who said they "dislike spammy posts on Facebook that goad them into interacting with likes, shares, comments and other actions. "  With no 7% limit, for Trump-related posts or not, we rate this image .
Statement: Says Abraham Lincoln tried to buy slaves' freedom in border states, but the states "all rejected it.
Speaker: jon stewart
About the speaker: Jon Stewart is a comedian and host of Comedy Central's The Daily Show.
Date: March 11, 2014
Topics: history;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "The Daily Show"
Fact-check justification: Stewart said Lincoln tried to free slaves in the border states by buying them. The record bears this out. Lincoln tried in Delaware and won congressional approval to apply the principle to all states. But with no slave owners willing to come to the table, the effort failed. The result was the Emancipation Proclamation. We rate the  .
Statement: I think it's seven or eight of the California system of universities don't even teach an American history course. It's not even available to be taught.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: April 2, 2012
Location: national
Topics: education;history
Context: Wisconsin
Fact-check justification: Rick Santorum said, "I think it’s seven or eight of the California system of universities don’t even teach an American history course. It’s not even available to be taught." While he appeared to be referencing a recent Wall Street Journal opinion piece, he bungled the details — and badly. Far from "not available," American history courses are offered at all but one of 33 state universities in California. We rate his statement .
Statement: A rural hospital in Missouri closes every 8 months. The legislature's failure to expand Medicaid has brought crisis to many of Missouri's rural health care providers.
Speaker: chris koster
About the speaker: Chris Koster is the Missouri attorney general, and is running for governor as a Democrat.
Date: August 9, 2016
Location: missouri
Topics: medicaid
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Koster said, "A rural hospital in Missouri closes every 8 months. The legislature’s failure to expand Medicaid has brought crisis to many of Missouri’s rural health care providers." Koster’s  is a bit of stretch. Four small Missouri hospitals have closed entirely or in part since September 2014, three of which are rural. In half those cases, patients being unable to pay their bills was cited as a reason for the closure. And many of those patients likely would have been covered had Missouri expanded Medicaid. Koster’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/777d846a-33b3-42b6-8f88-49d665f6fe6a
Statement: Says Marco Rubio sold a home to a chiropractor who had been lobbying him on automobile insurance legislation and "once he sold the home, for $380,000 cash, the speaker's position on the issue changed.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: October 19, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: ethics
Context: a Leadership Florida/Florida Press Association debate
Fact-check justification: This is an interesting case study in politics. Let's start by stating the obvious. Rubio would have been better off selling his house to someone other than the mother of a chiropractor who was trying to get him to extend personal injury protection. It seems odd. But, other than perception, there are no obvious glaring red flags about the sale. He got a good price, it seems, but not an outrageous one based on the comparable sales we examined. Also, the cash sale doesn't bother us particularly. This is a retiree who had money from a life insurance policy. As for Rubio's position on the PIP laws, he initially said he would let the mandate expire unless fraud reforms were included. Some were included in the legislation proposed by the Senate, but apparently not enough to sway Rubio. So the session ended in May 2007 without action, despite the house sale. Rubio and House leaders then worked to include additional fraud protections and were able to reach a deal more to their liking. Rubio, in fact, called to include PIP legislation during a special session. The ultimate bill that passed included a few more anti-fraud measures, but seems not to have stopped much fraud, according to state statistics. We're not sure why it took five extra months to include the minor changes to the PIP legislation, or why House leaders didn't propose the changes during the session. Crist condensed the facts when he said that the chiropractor lobbying Rubio bought the house. It was the chiropractor's mother who made the purchase. He also condensed the timeline and slightly manipulated the chain of events when he said, "once he sold the home ... the speaker's position on the issue changed." We think there's at least a debate on whether he changed his position at all. Rubio never said he opposed extending PIP. He said he opposed extending it without proper protections against fraud. A version of the bill proposed during a 2007 special legislative session emerged that included fraud protections he wanted. We rate the  .
Statement: Our courts find that 80 percent of those who do file for asylum aren't qualified for it, do not merit that relief.
Speaker: jeff sessions
About the speaker: Jeff Sessions is President Donald Trump's Attorney General. He was previously a U.S. Senator from Alabama.
 
Date: June 25, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Sessions said, "Our courts find that 80 percent of those who do file for asylum aren’t qualified for it, do not merit that relief." Sessions’  is based on Justice Department data showing a 20 percent asylum grant rate in 2017. But that doesn’t necessarily mean that the remaining 80 percent were without merit. The data the Justice Department used to support Sessions’ remark actually undercut his point. Some cases had not been adjudicated or placed in the court docket. Immigration law experts also said that even if a case is denied, it could still be meritorious, but unsuccessful in court because an applicant did not have a lawyer. Sessions’  is not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: I opposed TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership) and have always opposed TPP.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: March 10, 2016
Location: national
Topics: trade
Context: Miami
Fact-check justification: Cruz said he has always opposed the Trans-Pacific Partnership. The record shows that he took no position on the treaty itself until the full text became public. Then he said he opposed it. However, when Cruz first supported granting the president the key authority to finalize the TPP, he spoke positively about the concept of the trade deal. He described how it could bring millions of customers to American business owners. When the treaty moved from being a concept to actual text, Cruz opposed it. His statement glosses over his initial backing of the idea of the trade treaty. We rate this  .
Statement: Canada just made it illegal to protest against the LGBT!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 5, 2023
Topics: lgbtq;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that "Canada just made it illegal to protest against the LGBT!" If passed, the bill in question would prohibit acts of intimidation within 100 meters of temporarily designated safety zones for LGBTQ+ people in Ontario. The bill would not prevent peaceful protests. The bill was recently introduced in the Ontario legislature and has not advanced past the first legislative stage. Experts also said the measure is unlikely to pass because the sponsors are in the minority party. We rate this  .
Statement: Video shows President Donald Trump saying COVID-19 is Democrats' "new hoax.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: March 3, 2020
Topics: ad watch;coronavirus
Context: a tweeted video
Fact-check justification: A similar video tweeted by Michael Bloomberg on Feb. 20 made it look like he left other Democratic presidential candidates speechless during a debate when he didn’t. When we reached out to the Biden campaign for comment, it told us that Trump is "the most dishonest president in American history." "We don't trust his next-day clean-up attempt, and he has made many comments in that same vein," said Andrew Bates, a spokesman for the Biden campaign, in an email. Biden’s video is . We rate it .
Statement: If you want to vote in" Texas, "you can use a concealed-weapon permit as a valid form of identification, but a valid student ID isn't good enough.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 4, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: elections;states
Context: Houston
Fact-check justification: Clinton said: "If you want to vote in" Texas, "you can use a concealed-weapon permit as a valid form of identification, but a valid student ID isn’t good enough." The photo IDs accepted at Texas polling places include the state’s concealed-handgun license and not any student IDs. We rate this statement .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The last time Republican U.S. Senate candidates "beat more than two (incumbents) was 1980.
Speaker: sean spicer
About the speaker: Sean Spicer is former press secretary to President Donald Trump. Previously, he was the communications director for the Republican National Committee.
Date: November 2, 2014
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: comments on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Spicer said the last time Republican Senate candidates "beat more than two (incumbents) was 1980." Republicans kicked a total of 9 incumbent Democrats out of office in 1980 (another three lost in a primary). Since then, Republicans have turned two or fewer seats each election. Most of their success has been in winning formerly Democratic open seats. We rate Spicer’s  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "bans disabled veterans from his high rise.
Speaker: conservative solutions pac
About the speaker: Conservative Solutions PAC is a super political action committee based in Tampa, Fla., that supports Marco Rubio for president.
Date: February 26, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: veterans
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A pro-Rubio Super PAC said Trump "bans disabled veterans from his high rise." The TV ad is  because viewers could assume that Trump tried to ban disabled veterans from living in his high rise. His beef was with street vendors including disabled veterans who were given special vendor licenses selling wares around his Trump Tower. Nothing in the ad makes it clear that this related to vendors selling on the street. We rate this  .
Statement: Explosive growth in Medicare" is the reason federal deficit spending is predicted to top $1 trillion again after falling to $600 billion annually.
Speaker: sean duffy
About the speaker: Sean Duffy is a Republican member of the U.S. House, representing Wisconsin's 7th District in the northwestern part of the state. The former Ashland County district attorney was elected In November 2010, taking the seat previously held by Democratic U.S. Rep. Dave Obey of Wausau.
Date: May 3, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;health care;medicare
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Duffy says "explosive growth in Medicare" is the reason that federal deficit spending is predicted to top $1 trillion again after falling to $600 billion annually. The congressman’s deficit figures are on target and there’s no doubt that Medicare is a major driver of predicted deficits. But Duffy leaves out Social Security from the equation. There’s a spot on the -O-Meter for a partially accurate statement that leaves out important details. We rate his  .
Statement: Obamacare is going to increase the divorce rate.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: December 6, 2013
Topics: health care;marriage;punditfact
Context: a segment on his radio show
Fact-check justification: Limbaugh said, "Obamacare is going to increase the divorce rate." There is concern about a "marriage penalty," which exists for other federal programs with sliding income eligibility scales, with the Affordable Care Act, and there is anecdotal  that at least one couple considered divorce to avoid it. (The postscript: She got a new full-time job and can afford insurance on the exchange, so they’re still married.) But there is no research that suggests this will substantially affect the country’s divorce rate, which is a little hard to measure in the first place. Experts said the effect may be marginal, as no one has done the research to nail down reasonable expectations. We rate this .
Statement: Middle-class Americans "pay a higher tax rate than millionaires and billionaires.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: January 13, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: income;wealth;workers;taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: A more recent report , published in December 2014 by the Tax Foundation, which promotes lower tax rates, noted that the top 1 percent of taxpayers paid a higher effective income tax rate (22.8 percent) than any other group and nearly seven times higher than taxpayers in the bottom 50 percent (3.28 percent). Our rating Baldwin said middle-class Americans "pay a higher tax rate than millionaires and billionaires." Some do and some don’t. For a statement that is partially accurate, but leaves out important details, our rating is . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel’s web page .
Statement: As a senator, Hillary Clinton "paid women less than the men" in her office.
Speaker: sharon day
About the speaker: Sharon Day was tapped by President Donald Trump to become ambassador to Costa Rica in June 2017. She was elected Co-Chairman of the Republican National Committee on Jan. 14, 2011, and was re-elected on Jan. 25, 2013. From 2009-2011, she served as RNC Secretary. She has served the Republican Party at the local, state and national level for more than 20 years. She lives in Fort Lauderdale.
Date: July 19, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: women
Context: a speech at the Republican convention
Fact-check justification: Day said that as a senator Clinton "paid women less than the men in your office." The data used by Free Beacon showed that the median salary for a woman on Clinton’s payroll was about $15,700 less than the median salary for the men of the office. But this data has several caveats, including that it omits leaves of absences, which are common for staffers to work on campaigns. The data also didn’t contain Clinton’s first nine months in office or staffers who left after less than a year. A BuzzFeed analysis relied on more complete data and found the same median salary for men and women. But neither set of data fully answers the question about whether Clinton paid women and men the same amount for the same work. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/449f9174-ab3c-4fa3-9013-229ef2c3af7f
Statement: Says Gov. Tony Evers "wants to release half of the prison population.
Speaker: robin vos
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Rep. Robin Vos, R-Rochester, has represented western Racine County in the state Assembly since 2004. In November 2012, he was elected Assembly speaker. Vos previously served on the Racine County Board of Supervisors, from 1994 to 2004.
Date: February 13, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;states
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: But that’s a far cry from releasing half the prison population overnight, which is what Vos’  suggests. And Evers and his supporters have been clear from the start that this is a goal to be achieved over time, through steps that prevent fewer people from entering prison in the first place. Our definition for  is a statement that "is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context." That’s how we rate Vos’ . window.gciAnalyticsUAID = 'PMJS-TEALIUM-COBRAND';
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Statement: 14,000 Americans . . . lose their health insurance every single day.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 22, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: If these new subsidies end up boosting the use of COBRA — the data hasn't been compiled yet — then it could reduce the number of newly uninsured Americans from the levels that Holahan had predicted and that Obama cited.    Obama was very close to Holohan's calculations — in fact he was slightly low. But as Haislmaier pointed out, the stimulus COBRA provisions could reduce the numbers because more people will still be covered. We can't be sure until the data is in. So in the meantime, we find Obama’s  .