chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Florida is now the only state in the nation to tax commercial leases.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: March 7, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: taxes
Context: his State of the State speech
Fact-check justification: Scott said that "Florida is now the only state in the nation to tax commercial leases." Scott's  is rooted in a research memo that said Florida is the only state to have a sales tax on commercial leases. The report noted that other states and municipalities have similar taxes, but none of them are comprehensive sales taxes like Florida’s. We rate Scott’s statement .
Statement: Texas Church shooter was Antifa and wanted to start (a) 'communist revolution.'
Speaker: yournewswire.com
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: November 5, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: an Internet post
Fact-check justification: A  news post said Kelley was Antifa and wanted to start a "communist revolution." The story originally came from YourNewsWire.com, a website we know to post articles full of bogus details. Law enforcement has not reported the sensational particulars in the site’s story. A spokesman attributed the massacre to a domestic dispute among Kelley and his family members, not connecting Kelley to Antifa or communism. We rate this statement !
Statement: Says Sen. Claire McCaskill was named "most likely to be the most unpopular senator in the United States for four months in a row!
Speaker: missouri gop
About the speaker: The Missouri GOP is the state Republican Party organization in Missouri.
Date: September 10, 2018
Location: missouri
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The Missouri GOP said, "Congrats to @clairecmc for being named most likely to be the most unpopular senator in the United States for four months in a row!" The tweet is sloppily worded as there is no such designation for being named "most likely to be the most unpopular senator." McCaskill’s popularity is low among her peers up for re-election. But she isn’t the most unpopular. McConnell held that position in July and has kept it through to October. When compared to certain vulnerable incumbents, she does have the highest disapproval rating in the country. The Missouri GOP tweet said that she is the most unpopular senator in the country, which does not reference solely incumbents running for re-election. We rate the statement .
Statement: Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez "faces 5 Years in Jail For FEC Crimes.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 19, 2023
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: "  The Associated Press wrote in 2019  that limited liability companies are sometimes used in politics to obscure the flow of money. Ocasio-Cortez denied that there were any campaign finance violations. The FEC initially voted to dismiss some of the complaint’s allegations and in February 2022 voted to close the file without pursuing action against Ocasio-Cortez.   Even if there were an FEC violation in this case, it likely would have prompted a fine, not jail time, experts told reporters .   We rate the  that Ocasio-Cortez "faces 5 Years in Jail For FEC Crimes" .
Statement: The unemployment rate may be as high as "42 percent.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 28, 2015
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;economy;jobs
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Trump keeps repeating that the unemployment rate may be as high as 42 percent. But getting a percentage that high requires believing that being a high school, college or graduate student, a senior citizen, a stay-at-home parent, a job-training participant, or having a disability is no excuse for not holding down a job, or for working less than 40 hours in a week. The highest alternative unemployment-rate measure we could come up with that had any credibility was 16.4 percent, and even that exaggerated figure is only about one-third of the way to Trump’s 42 percent. We rate his  .
Statement: Gender Queer on NEA Summer Reading List for Kids.
Speaker: fox news channel
About the speaker: Fox News Channel is a 24-hour cable channel focused on coverage of breaking news and politics. 
Date: July 5, 2023
Topics: education;lgbtq
Context: a chyron
Fact-check justification: A July 5 Fox News chyron read, "‘Gender Queer’ on NEA Summer Reading List for Kids." Host Julie Banderas similarly characterized the NEA’s list as being intended for kids. The NEA did recommend "Gender Queer" to its members, but it titled its list as being "for educators" and has since clarified in an editor’s note that this was recommended reading for adults, not students. We rate the  that it was recommended "for kids" .
Statement: If you're from Guatemala and you are found illegally in Mexico, you are automatically jailed.
Speaker: sam olens
About the speaker: Sam Olens is Georgia's Attorney General
Date: June 28, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration
Context: a radio news story
Fact-check justification: Their cases are not handled by the criminal courts, but by a separate administrative system. Also, if a Mexican police officer detects an illegal migrant, he cannot detain him for deportation. Only immigration authorities can do that. As Olens’ spokeswoman acknowledged, he’s . Olens earns a .
Statement: Says Joe Biden risks war with Russia because Vladimir Putin doesn't "believe in transgender rights.
Speaker: j.d. vance
About the speaker: J.D. Vance won the U.S. Senate race in Ohio in 2022. He has also worked as an investor, commentator, and bestselling author of Hillbilly Elegy. 
Date: February 19, 2022
Location: national
Topics: ohio;corrections and updates;foreign policy;military;sexuality;ukraine;russia
Context: an interview with Steve Bannon
Fact-check justification: Vance said that Biden risks war with Russia because Putin doesn’t "believe in transgender rights." There is a risk of war, but it is because of Russia’s focus on Ukraine’s ties to the west and the buildup of Russian forces along Ukraine’s border. The State Department noted the threats against transgender people as one issue among many in a report on human rights. It gave much more space to the danger posed by Russia’s military policies in its most recent annual threat assessment. The risk of war in Ukraine is not affected by Putin’s attitude toward transgender rights. We rate this  .
Statement: A photo shows Portland protesters pointing lasers at federal officers.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 29, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: They’re also used in celebrations, to show solidarity in groups, or to communicate.   Protesters in Portland have shined lasers at federal officers and at security cameras surrounding the courthouse to try to block the officers’ view of the crowd, according to the New York Times .   In a March story about the use of lasers in protests, the Harvard Political Review wrote that lasers may temporarily blind people when shined directly into the eye and, "in the most extreme cases, laser pointers may seriously burn the retina, causing permanent blindness." But this photo does not show Portland protesters trying to blind federal officers.   We rate this miscaptioned post .
Statement: The Capitol Police force is "going so far as to use paramilitary equipment" in dealing with singing protesters in Madison
Speaker: chris larson
About the speaker: Chris Larson, a Milwaukee Democrat, was elected to the Wisconsin state Senate in November 2010. A former member of the Milwaukee County Board, he is a candidate for Milwaukee County executive in 2016.
Date: September 5, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: But they also are used by a variety of non-military agencies for communication and mass notification, and Capitol Police appear to have used them predominantly, if not almost exclusively, to make sure protesters are clued in that arrests will follow if they don’t disperse. Unlike in Pittsburgh and other cities where police have used the devices, we found no scenes here of stunned protesters scurrying away in the face of ear-splitting noise. Our definition of  is that a statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We think that fits here. Editors note: This item was updated Sept. 19, 2013 to clarify in the first paragraph the judge's ruling.
Statement: Donald Trump performed better than any presidential nominee since Gerald Ford.
Speaker: nicholas langworthy
About the speaker: Nicholas A. Langworthy is the New York State Republican Committee Chairman. Previously, he was chairman of the Erie County Republican Committee.
Date: December 14, 2016
Location: new york
Topics: elections
Context: a WBFO article
Fact-check justification: Langworthy said "Donald Trump performed better than any presidential nominee since Gerald Ford" in Erie County. When we reached Langworthy to ask about his , he acknowledged his . He said he made the  before he had the official results from the county Board of Elections. "I think it’s significant that he performed as well as he did," Langworthy said of Trump’s vote tally in Erie County. "My point is that Democrats came over to vote for him." Trump won the highest percentage of the Erie County vote for president since the 1984 election. Trump did better than any Republican candidate since Reagan - not Ford. Reagan’s number of votes and percentage of votes were higher than Trump’s. We rate Langworthy’s  as .
Statement: Says the California state auditor "found (John) Chiang lost track of $31 billion dollars," as state controller.
Speaker: gavin newsom
About the speaker: Gavin Newsom was elected governor of California in 2018. He is the state's former lieutenant governor and served as mayor of San Francisco. He is a Democrat.
Date: May 21, 2018
Location: california
Topics: state budget;the 2018 california governor's race
Fact-check justification: A TV attack ad by Gavin Newsom’s campaign for governor claims "the state auditor found Chiang lost track of $31 billion dollars," when he was state controller. A 2014 state audit supports part of the . It criticized the state controller’s office for understating billions of dollars in liabilities, miscalculating debt payments and making other errors. A TV news station added up some of the highest dollar figure mistakes and presented them as "$31.65 billion in errors." The state audit did not literally say the controller’s office made "$31 billion" in mistakes, nor did it imply that the money was permanently lost under Chiang, but instead that his office made numerous accounting mistakes. The ad also ignored that Chiang’s office, according to the audit, acknowledged the mistakes, worked to fix them and blamed the errors on staffing shortages. Newsom’s  is partially accurate. But it takes information in the audit out of context and ignores key details. We rate it .   – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context.
Statement: Video shows House Speaker Kevin McCarthy calling on Vice President Kamala Harris to "step down.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 3, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Second, the video doesn’t show U.S. House Speaker McCarthy, R-Calif. — then the House minority leader — calling on Vice President Kamala Harris to step down. He also didn’t call her a "step down," depending on how you read the grammatically  post.   He does criticize Harris, and the Biden administration, and argues for increased border protections.   But this post is . We rate it .
Statement: Says Mitch McConnell credits Republicans "for recent economic improvements" even though they took control of the Senate only "days ago.
Speaker: gwen moore
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore is a Democratic member of Congress, representing Wisconsin's 4th District, which primarily includes Milwaukee. Moore, who served in the state Legislature from 1989 to 2004, was elected to Congress in 2004.
Date: January 7, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: congress;economy;elections;jobs
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Our rating Moore said McConnell credits Republicans "for recent economic improvements" even though they took control of the Senate only "days ago." McConnell did say the recovery coincided with the expectation of the GOP taking over the Senate. But that expectation was months earlier, not days. We rate Moore’s statement . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel's web page .
Statement: Says "New Jersey's unemployment is significantly lower than it was when I got here. And we've created 50,000 new private sector jobs in the last 20 months after having lost 117,000 in the year before I got here.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: October 4, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Christie said, "New Jersey's unemployment is significantly lower than it was when I got here. And we've created 50,000 new private-sector jobs in the last 20 months after having lost 117,000 in the year before I got here." His statistics on private-sector job growth are accurate, and the unemployment rate is lower. But the unemployment decline is not statistically significant. And as we’ve said in the past, Christie can’t take all the credit for job growth in the Garden State. We rate his statement . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says associates of financier Bill Browder "sent a huge amount of money, over $400 million, as a contribution to the campaign of Hillary Clinton.
Speaker: vladimir putin
About the speaker: Vladimir Putin is the president of Russia.
Date: July 16, 2018
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a press conference with President Donald Trump
Fact-check justification: Putin said associates of Bill Browder gave $400 million to the Clinton campaign. The associates appear to be the Ziff brothers. According to public data, Ziff Brothers Investments gave about $315,000 to Clinton and the Democratic National Committee. Overall, the firm gave about $1.1 million to Democratic committees around the country. The exaggeration is so great, we rate this  .
Statement: For years, they have not been able to get tax cuts -- many, many years, since Reagan.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 29, 2017
Location: national
Topics: history;taxes
Context: St. Charles, Mo
Fact-check justification: Among other things, these bills cut rates for the top bracket from 39.6 percent to 35 percent. The list also includes the extension of many of those tax cuts in advance of their scheduled expiration in 2013 under Obama -- a high-stakes legislative situation known as the "fiscal cliff." (The top-bracket rate was one that did not continue; it rose again to 39.6 percent.) Trump's statement is   -- since 1997, nine major tax bills have passed with tens of billions of dollars in cuts. We rate his statement .
Statement: Judicial Watch reports show 1.7 million California votes are not registered voters!
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 5, 2018
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: What’s key here is that the Facebook post misses the critical distinction between inactive voters and fraudulent votes. Judicial Watch argues that retaining inactive voters on the rolls poses a voting fraud risk. The group does not  more than a million fraudulent votes were cast in California, as this Facebook post states. At the time the post was circulated, the votes had not even been tallied yet.   We rate this .
Statement: FIFA "pressured Brazil into passing a so-called Budweiser bill, allowing beer sales in soccer stadiums.
Speaker: john oliver
About the speaker: John Oliver is the host of "Last Week Tonight" on HBO. Previously he was a correspondent for Comedy Central's "The Daily Show."
Date: June 8, 2014
Topics: sports;punditfact
Context: a segment on "Last Week Tonight"
Fact-check justification: Oliver called out FIFA for having "pressured Brazil into passing a so-called Budweiser bill, allowing beer sales in soccer stadiums." There is no doubt that FIFA demanded beer be allowed to be sold at this summer’s World Cup, and that it was part of an agreement to host the World Cup in the first place. That fits a typical definition of pressure. Oliver took a bit more creative license in calling it the "so-called Budweiser bill," but the characterization does not diminish Oliver’s overall point. We rate his statement .
Statement: We've started building the wall.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 3, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "We’ve started building the wall." There are projects underway to replace existing border fencing and to add some new barriers. But it’s disingenuous to  they amount to the border wall Trump has long promised. A recent appropriation of $1.6 billion allows the replacement of existing fencing, but not the construction of any sort of wall prototype. CBP said the prototypes will be used "to inform" future design standards. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Says Amazon is "paying full-time employees so little that they require gov food assistance.
Speaker: alexandria ocasio-cortez
About the speaker: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, a Democrat, was elected to New York's 14th Congressional district seat in November 2018.
Date: June 17, 2019
Location: national
Topics: corporations;income;poverty;this week - abc news;welfare
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Ocasio-Cortez said Amazon is "paying full-time employees so little that they require gov food assistance." Multiple reports said thousands of Amazon’s warehouse workers relied on food stamps to make ends meet in 2017. But some of those workers may have been part-time. Importantly, the company has also moved to a $15 minimum wage since those reports came out. That might not change things for all employees — experts said certain workers will still be eligible for food stamps and other forms of government assistance — but it could help more of them get by on their own. Overall, this  is partially accurate but leaves out important details. Based on the best information available, we rate it .
Statement: Says "13,506 Marines have applied for White House duty" since Trump's inauguration. When Obama was president, "no Marines volunteered" but had to be "assigned.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 3, 2019
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post showed a photo of Melania Trump escorted by a Marine and claims that over 13,000 Marines have applied for White House duty since Trump’s inauguration and that  zero did so when Obama was president. The strangely specific  appears to be fabricated, contains no sourcing and does not line up with the actual process in which Marine sentries are assigned to the White House. We rate it .
Statement: Joe Biden changes the name of Black History Month.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 17, 2023
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: He didn’t mention Black History Month.   These kinds of  clips of the president are becoming more common.   "Lately virtual Biden has been spouting off — rather fluently — on a number of topics about which the president wouldn’t and/or shouldn’t have strong opinions," Rolling Stone magazine reported . "It’s all thanks to the advent of powerful AI tools for voice cloning. "  We rate claims that Biden changed the name of Black History Month .
Statement: Says that the Council on American-Islamic Relations was founded in response to 9/11.
Speaker: ilhan omar
About the speaker: Ilhan Omar is a Democratic congresswoman representing Minnesota's 5th congressional district, which includes parts of Minneapolis and surrounding municipalities.
Date: March 23, 2019
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;islam;terrorism
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: We asked Omar’s staff why she made such a clear  about an organization that she says she supports. Spokesperson Jeremy Slevin said that CAIR had doubled in size after the Sept. 11 attacks. "It was a misstatement, and she now knows that it was founded earlier," he said. Omar was clearly  in her description of CAIR’s beginning. We rate her statement .