chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: If you put the $47 billion in revenue (raised over 10 years by the Buffett rule) into infrastructure you could create 611,000 infrastructure jobs.
Speaker: sheldon whitehouse
About the speaker: Sheldon Whitehouse is a Democratic U.S. Senator from Rhode Island.
Date: April 16, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;federal budget;jobs;transportation
Context: a speech on the floor of the U.S. Senate
Fact-check justification: U.S. Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse said $47 billion raised by the Buffett Rule could finance 611,000 jobs for people rebuilding the nation's infrastructure. But that's not really 611,000 jobs. It's job-years. It's the equivalent of 61,100 people employed full-time for just one year. To get to 611,000, you'd have to fire those 61,000 at the end of the year and then rehire another 61,000, and do that for a total of 10 years. Because he didn't give it a clearer context, the 611,000 is . When we think of a job, it's not working for just one year. Also missing is the fact that these types of estimates -- even from reputable groups cited by both parties -- can vary widely. To his credit, Whitehouse was citing an estimate that translates into fewer jobs than what other sources say. But the certainty of his statement is undercut by the mushiness of the underlying economic projections. Ultimately, if everyone hired with this money stayed on the job for 10 years, Whitehouse would be off by a whopping 549,900 jobs. For that reason, we rate his statement  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Government subsidies for renewable energies such as wind and solar are 100 times greater than those given to gas and coal, and 50 times greater than what the nuclear industry enjoys.
Speaker: tom fanning
About the speaker: Tom Fanning is the chief executive officer of Southern Co., based in Atlanta. Southern Co. operates in four states and owns Georgia Power. He has been at the company for more than 30 years.
Date: June 17, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: energy
Context: a hearing
Fact-check justification: Some experts noted that renewable forms of energy haven’t been developed as long as others and need the help. Coal and natural gas have been receiving subsidies for far longer than solar energy, wind and nuclear energy, which is an important point. Fanning’s general point that renewable energies are getting substantially greater financial support from Uncle Sam at this point in time is on target. But the specific numbers he used aren’t entirely correct, and his  needs some context to be fully understood. Our rating: .
Statement: Dan Patrick "called for increasing the gas tax and the state sales tax.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: March 2, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: state budget;taxes
Fact-check justification: Dewhurst said Patrick "called for increasing the gas tax and the state sales tax." Both parts of this  are correct, but clarifications are missing. Patrick piped up once for regular gas tax increases, in a 2009 talk, also making it clear that related revenue should pay for transportation projects. Similarly, his consistent calls for higher sales taxes have almost always been linked to reductions in property taxes, a detail this  doesn’t cover. Finally, Patrick has not made increasing either tax a theme of his campaign for lieutenant governor. We rate this statement as .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says "New Jersey's public school students have the best Advanced Placement scores in the nation.
Speaker: new jersey education association
About the speaker: The New Jersey Education Association is the state's largest teachers union.
Date: August 30, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: education
Context: NJEA's website
Fact-check justification: The NJEA claims the state’s public school students have the best Advanced Placement test scores in the country. PolitiFact New Jersey compared the average AP test scores for students across the nation and found New Jersey’s public school students rank first. A spokeswoman for the College Board said her organization doesn’t compile rankings -- and doesn’t encourage others to do so -- but confirmed the union's statement was accurate. We rate this statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Rhode Island's exports have increased by 53 percent in the last two years.
Speaker: lisa tomasso
About the speaker: Lisa P. Tomasso is a Democratic state representative for District 29 -- Coventry, West Greenwich. She was elected to the General Assembly in 2010.
Date: April 5, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;states;trade
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Tomasso said that exports from Rhode Island have increased by 53 percent over the past two years. According to federal trade statistics, she’s correct. That improvement doesn’t mean the state’s economy is set to turn around anytime soon, but it may be a sign of hope. We rate Tomasso’s  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: A law that mandates fingerprinting for gun purchasers is "a requirement that's reduced gun crimes in the five states where it's the law.
Speaker: marylanders to prevent gun violence education fund
About the speaker: Marylanders to Prevent Gun Violence Education Fund is an advocacy group founded in 2013 to support legislative efforts on gun policy.
Date: May 19, 2013
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The ad said that mandating the fingerprinting of those seeking to purchase a gun is "a requirement that's reduced gun crimes in the five states where it's the law." But that’s not a correct description of the statistics. Firearm homicide rates are lower in the five states that have such laws, but experts told us there are no before-and-after comparisons in those states to show that gun-crime rates were "reduced" after fingerprinting laws took effect. In addition, the ad refers to "gun crimes," but the supporting data looks specifically at gun homicides, not robberies and assaults committed with guns. The differences in wording are subtle, but at PolitiFact, one of our core principles is that the words used to make political claims matter. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Says Dick Cheney "supported gay marriage sooner" than Hillary Clinton.
Speaker: alternativepac
About the speaker: AlternativePAC is supporting the 2016 Libertarian Party presidential nominee Gary Johnson.
Date: September 25, 2016
Location: colorado
Topics: lgbtq
Context: an online ad
Fact-check justification: AlternativePAC says "(Dick) Cheney supported gay marriage sooner" than Hillary Clinton. The historical record is clear. Cheney spoke out in favor of gay marriage during the 2000 vice presidential debate, saying, "freedom means freedom for everybody… I think we ought to do everything we can to tolerate and accommodate whatever kind of relationships people want to enter into." He said any "official sanction" of same-sex relationships should be left to states -- not the federal government. In the 2004 presidential election, Cheney broke with Bush, who supported a congressional amendment banning same-sex marriage. Clinton opposed same-sex marriage as a candidate for the Senate, while in office as a senator, and while running for president in 2008. She expressed her support for civil unions starting in 2000, opposed the proposed constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage in 2004 and voiced support for the rights of states to set their own laws in favor of gay marriage in 2006. She came out in support of same-sex marriage in 2013. We rate the  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/dd99c801-0f93-49fa-93fb-848a3b099859
Statement: Virginia has the lowest standards for math and reading of all 50 states.
Speaker: glenn youngkin
About the speaker: Republican Glenn Youngkin was elected Virginia's governor in November 2021. He defeated Democrat Terry McAuliffe, who was governor from 2014 to 2018.
Youngkin was reared in Richmond and Virginia Beach and won a basketball scholarship at Rice University, where he earned an engineering degree. He earned a MBA from Harvard University. Youngkin worked 25 years at the Carlyle Group, a global private equity firm based in Washington with $230 billion in assets. He retired in 2020 as CEO after taking the company public. His net worth is estimated at $254 million, according to The Washington Post.
Youngkin's 2021 campaign for governor is his first bid for public office.
Date: September 2, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: education
Context: a newspaper column
Fact-check justification: The NCES stresses that its equivalency ratings on standardized tests in states do not reflect how well students are learning in each state. Youngkin omits that Virginia students score near the top on standardized national tests for fourth grade math and reading and eight grade math. Eighth grade leading levels are at the national average. Youngkin’s , without elaboration, wrongly suggests that Virginia students are learning less than their colleagues across the county. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Per capita, more Floridians move to California than Californians moving to Florida.
Speaker: gavin newsom
About the speaker: Gavin Newsom was elected governor of California in 2018. He is the state's former lieutenant governor and served as mayor of San Francisco. He is a Democrat.
Date: June 12, 2023
Location: california
Topics: immigration;florida
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: The Census Bureau’s latest data shows that per capita, more Floridians moved to California than the other way around in 2021. But the difference is small.   Experts gave varying answers about whether the margin was statistically significant, but they agreed that the slim differences make this argument technical, and not necessarily meaningful. Newsom’s statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: PolitiFact Oregon gave Rob Cornilles a Pants on Fire for a claim about taxes and fees.
Speaker: suzanne bonamici
About the speaker: Suzanne Bonamici is a member of the Oregon Senate. She is also the Democratic nominee to represent the state's 1st congressional district.
Date: January 17, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: message machine 2012;voting record;taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: We note that on Wednesday, the Bonamici campaign launched a new ad that correctly states that we gave Cornilles a  for "more  attacks on Bonamici and taxes. ": The Cornilles’ campaign  that "she voted for higher taxes and fees" is spot on. The Bonamici campaign is twisting a PolitiFact for its own campaign purposes. We rule that a . Go back to OregonLive to comment .
Statement: Says Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez "called our country and our people garbage.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 23, 2019
Location: national
Topics: patriotism
Context: a speech to conservative high school students
Fact-check justification: Trump asserted that Ocasio-Cortez called the country and its people "garbage." In context, she was talking about standing up for working men and women, specifically Trump voters. At no point did she call them or the United States "garbage." She used the word to describe a situation that left working people behind. Trump’s line turns her words upside down. We rate this  .
Statement: Back when they did NATO, there was no such thing as terrorism.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 24, 2017
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military
Context: an interview wth the Associated Press
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Back when they did NATO, there was no such thing as terrorism." In the most literal sense, Trump is  -- terrorism had existed in one form or another long before the creation of NATO. But it's worth noting that the tactics and the potential reach and scale of terrorism has expanded in the years since NATO was founded, and the alliance has had to shift its focus somewhat in recent years toward terrorism rather than state-on-state conflict. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: Says Sen. John McCain was "caught making highly illegal phone call to foreign country.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 3, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Bloggers  McCain was "caught making highly illegal phone call to foreign country." The  reads as if McCain tried to break federal law by influencing a foreign official, perhaps by secrecy. That’s not the case at all, but a reader wouldn’t get that impression. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/1835b8ef-bcd8-499d-a7b3-ae4473f248ad
Statement: Says 88 Texas constables have died in the line of duty.
Speaker: bruce elfant
About the speaker: Bruce Elfant  won election as Travis County tax assessor-collector in 2012.
Date: August 13, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: criminal justice;history;crime;public safety;public service
Context: a press statement
Fact-check justification: It may not be settled precisely how many constables have died in the line of duty over the years. But we ultimately found agreement between the agency that oversees the Capitol memorial and outside researchers that the total is at least 115 deaths, not 88. Elfant understated the total. His statement still rates as .
Statement: Says Dan Patrick "supported giving a $5,000 taxpayer-funded voucher to every family to buy a car.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: March 2, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: families;federal budget;transportation
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Dewhurst said Patrick "supported giving a $5,000 taxpayer-funded voucher to every family to buy a car." Patrick advocated such vouchers, but this  fails to note that Patrick pitched them as a direct way of bolstering auto manufacturing instead of the federal bailout of manufacturers. It’s worth clarifying, too, that a state senator doesn't hold much sway over what the federal government does. We rate this  as .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Photo shows a "massive" crowd at a Trump rally in Wisconsin on Aug. 5, 2022.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 6, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Social media posts shared a photo from Trump’s 2020 presidential campaign and claimed it was of an Aug. 5, 2022, rally in Wisconsin. The photo in question does not show the Aug. 5 rally and can be traced back to a November 2020 tweet from Eric Trump. It also conflicts with several photos taken by reporters on site at the Aug. 5 Wisconsin rally. We rate this  .
Statement: With his proposal to cut income and property taxes, Scott Walker is "increasing the state deficit at a time when borrowing is already at record levels.
Speaker: we are wisconsin 
About the speaker: We Are Wisconsin formed in summer 2011 for the state senate recall elections. It is a group composed of labor unions. We Are Wisconsin formed a political action committee and funded campaign advertising and other activities.
 
Date: February 17, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: debt;deficit;income;state budget;taxes
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: The statement contains an element of  in that state borrowing is at an all-time high -- but, flush with a nearly $1 billion surplus, it’s clear the state does not have a budget deficit. Moreover, an increase in the "structural deficit" -- a projection of a possible imbalance of expenditures and revenues in the future -- has no direct relation to how much the state borrows. We rate the statement . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel’s web page . Follow us on Twitter and Facebook .
Statement: Social Security has not contributed to the debt and the deficits.
Speaker: jeanne shaheen
About the speaker: Jeanne Shaheen is a Senator from New Hampshire.
Date: November 27, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: social security
Context: an interview on MSNBC’s Jansing and Co.
Fact-check justification: The program’s surplus funds are frequently invested in Treasury bonds, and during surplus years, the bonds earn interest paid with other government dollars. And in recent years, the amount of taxes collected have not equaled the benefits distributed, leaving the Social Security funds facing a cash deficit, which then forces the government to borrow more money to offset. This was the case in 2010 and 2011, and Social Security trustees anticipate higher deficits looking forward. While there’s a case for both interpretations, we see clear  that Social Security does affect the nation’s debt and deficit. We rate Shaheen’s  .
Statement: Says Texas ranks first in executions among the states.
Speaker: sacramento bee editorial board
About the speaker: The editorial board of The Sacramento Bee says it composes editorials that are its collective opinion. It meets regularly to discuss community concerns and issues of the day, it says.
Date: February 6, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: criminal justice;pundits
Context: an editorial
Fact-check justification: The editorial said Texas ranks first in the number of executions. That’s correct both over the decades and for the latest full year. We rate this  as .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney is proposing a "tax cut that gives an average of $250,000 to every millionaire in this country.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 5, 2012
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Columbus, Ohio
Fact-check justification: Even using the more restrictive of the Tax Policy Center’s two calculations, Romney’s tax plan would save millionaires almost exactly what Obama said -- $250,535. We rate the statement .
Statement: I supported (the surge), I argued for it. I'm the only one on this stage that did.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: January 10, 2008
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: Myrtle Beach, S.C
Fact-check justification: Huckabee, who like McCain has accused fellow candidates of insufficient support for the troop surge, initially had qualms. Shortly after the surge was announced, for example, Huckabee told MSNBC's Norah O'Donnell that he wasn't sure he could support the troop increases in Iraq if it meant calling up more National Guard and Reserve forces. He now says he firmly supports Bush's military tactics in Iraq, and recently wrote in Foreign Affairs magazine that he would "not withdraw U.S. troops from Iraq any faster than General David Petraeus, the top U.S. commander there, recommends." There's no doubt that McCain is the surge's most powerful advocate among the candidates, and has been from the start. But to say that none of his fellow GOP candidates supported it, or argued in favor of it, is .
Statement: George Floyd's younger brother, Dejywan Floyd, has been arrested in North Carolina for a 'road rage' shooting of a white couple, killing the mother of six sitting in the passenger seat.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 11, 2021
Location: north carolina
Topics: corrections and updates;crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: George Floyd’s obituary also didn’t mention Dejywan Floyd. Rather, it said he was survived by three sisters (Zsa-Zsa Floyd, LaTonya Floyd and Bridgett Floyd), two stepsisters (Camisha Carter and Constance Carter), three brothers (Terrance Floyd, Philonise Floyd and Rodney Floyd), and two stepbrothers (Deldrick Carter and Adrian Carter).   The Robeson County sheriff’s office, which is investigating the shooting in North Carolina , has "no information at all to confirm this is ," Sheriff Burnis Wilkins told PolitiFact.   "The last name Floyd is very common in our county and surrounding area," Wilkins said.    We rate this Facebook post .