chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: California's marijuana legalization initiative, Prop. 64 "allows marijuana smoking ads in prime time, on programs with millions of children and teenage viewers.
Speaker: dianne feinstein
About the speaker: Dianne Feinstein is a Democratic U.S. Senator from California.
Date: July 12, 2016
Location: california
Topics: marijuana
Context: a No on Prop. 64 campaign press release.
Fact-check justification: California Democratic Sen. Dianne Feinstein recently said the state’s pot legalization initiative "allows marijuana smoking ads in prime time, on programs with millions of children and teenage viewers." Proposition 64 includes a provision that marijuana advertisements "shall only be displayed where at least 71.6 percent of the audience is reasonably expected to be 21 years of age or older." If Feinstein had said Prop 64 helps pave the way for marijuana ads on TV, that might have been accurate. But experts say Feinstein’s , as she stated it, is . The federal Controlled Substances Act bans TV stations from advertising illegal substances, including marijuana. There’s an element of  to Feinstein’s statement: The FCC doesn’t have a rule expressly prohibiting marijuana television ads in states that legalize the drug. And federal authorities could choose to ignore the Controlled Substances Act. Still, the experts we spoke with say California’s Prop 64 will not lift the legal cloud of uncertainty by itself. Feinstein’s statement goes too far. We rate her  .    – The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/1410625c-ab69-4d14-a425-bba2b4ac9a26
Statement: Says Ann Kuster said the debate over America's debt limit is not an important issue of the day.
Speaker: charles bass
About the speaker: Charlie Bass is a U.S. representative from New Hampshire.
Date: June 8, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: debt
Context: an email to the press on June 8, 2012
Fact-check justification: Our ruling: Bass said that Kuster said the debate over America’s debt limit is not an important issue of the day. But a review of Kuster's full remarks show that's not what she said . As part of a longer comment about how Congress is dysfunctional, she complains that lawmakers are "bickering over the debt limits and they’re off on arguing about things that aren't even the issues of the day." Her comments indicate she is unhappy with "bickering" over the debt, but she doesn't go so far as to say the debt is not an important issue. We rate Bass’  .
Statement: USA gives final warning to Uganda to legalize homosexuality," or no aid.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 3, 2023
Topics: corrections and updates;foreign policy;lgbtq;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: A video shared recently on Facebook said, "USA gives final warning to Uganda to legalise homosexuality," or no aid. The featured video clip is from 2014, and there is no  that the U.S. has issued a "final warning" or threats to revoke Ugandan aid over any recent legislation. We rate this  .
Statement: The budget hole in Bernie Sanders' plans "is bigger than the size of the entire economy of the United States.
Speaker: pete buttigieg
About the speaker: Pete Buttigieg is the Transportation secretary under President Joe Biden. Buttigieg was elected mayor of South Bend, Ind., in 2011 and was re-elected in 2015. He decided not to seek re-election and his term ended in January 2020. From 2009 to 2017, he served in the U.S. Navy Reserve and was a lieutenant. He received a bachelor’s degree in history and literature from Harvard College and a first-class honors bachelor’s degree in philosophy, politics and economics from Pembroke College as a Rhodes Scholar. He ran for president in the 2020 Democratic primaries.
Date: February 19, 2020
Topics: health care;taxes
Context: Nevada
Fact-check justification: Buttigieg said the budget hole in Sanders’ plans "is bigger than the size of the entire economy of the United States."  Buttigieg has compared proposed spending and revenues over a decade to one year’s worth of GDP. By that measure, the math works. If we use a 10-year window across the board, the revenue gap is about 8% of cumulative U.S. GDP.  Buttigieg may have taken rhetorical license, but that doesn’t change that the statement is partially accurate and leaves out important details. We rate this  .
Statement: We're No. 46 out of 50 states... we're 46th in terms of percentage of deaths in nursing homes.
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: September 30, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a press call
Fact-check justification: Cuomo said 45 other states had higher portions of nursing home residents as a share of the total coronavirus deaths in a state. He was referencing an analysis from the New York Times, which puts New York near the bottom, 43rd in a list of 46 states and the District of Columbia, with five states left off the list because of insufficient data.  But the Times cautions readers about making comparisons among states because of the different ways each level of government and each facility reports the data. Cuomo's  contains an element of : There is a New York Times database and it includes death numbers for nursing home patients across the nation. But the governor left out some critical facts that would give a different impression about how New York compares with other states for how nursing home residents are faring. New York counts deaths that occur in a nursing home, leaving out those deaths of residents in hospitals. And there's inconsistencies in the reported data that ends up in the database among states and facilities.  According to federal data, which calculates deaths per 1,000 nursing home residents, regardless of where they die, New York lands near the middle.  We rate his  .
Statement: We've seen "our deficits cut by two-thirds.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 20, 2015
Location: national
Topics: deficit
Context: his 2015 State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: Obama said since taking office the country has seen "our deficits cut by two-thirds." His  is accurate if you use 2009, his first year in office with an historically high deficit, as a starting point. The  ignores a stark reality about the deficits, however. The country’s spending is not expected to continue its downward route, according to federal forecasters, for factors that include increased interest payments on the debt and the lack of substantial policy changes for the country’s biggest programs, like Social Security and Medicare. The deficits have largely come down as a result of the improved economy for which Obama cannot assume full credit. We rate the  .
Statement: Video shows troops at the Ukraine-Russia border on Jan. 27, 2022.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: January 27, 2022
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Doing reverse image searches of stills of the video, we found a March 5, 2020, story and YouTube post by the Ukrainian site Defense Express, which describes its mission as promoting "the defense, security and development of Ukraine," according to an English translation of the "about us" section on its website .   An English translation of the title of the YouTube post says, "Mechanized brigade of the armed forces of Ukraine: what is the combat power of the army." According to an English translation of the story, "Defense Express filmed one of the mechanized brigades of the armed forces of Ukraine, which conducted a control practical exercise at one of the training grounds." The story doesn’t say the location of the training grounds.    We rate claims that this photo shows the Ukrainian border right now, as the tweet claims, .
Statement: No member of the American public has ever been killed by commercial nuclear power — a record unmatched by other fuels.
Speaker: lamar alexander
About the speaker: Lamar Alexander is the senior senator from Tennessee.
Date: March 9, 2010
Location: national
Topics: energy;nuclear
Context: an op-ed article
Fact-check justification: So we find his  . Update: This report mistakenly said that the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not keep numbers on injuries in nuclear power generation plants. We have removed the  sentence. Our ruling and analysis has not changed.
Statement: The fact is that although we have had a president who is opposed to abortion over the last eight years, abortions have not gone down.''
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 16, 2008
Location: national
Topics: abortion
Context: Lake Forest, Calif
Fact-check justification: He said he wanted to find "ways that we can work together to reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies, so that we actually are reducing the sense that women are seeking out abortions.'' In that context, his comment about abortions made sense. Guttmacher data showed that 49 percent of pregnancies were unintended in 2001, unchanged from 1994. Obama's campaign did not respond to an e-mail seeking an explanation for the senator's statement. But his comment about the abortion rate was , so we rule this  .
Statement: Video showing collection of California ballots on Nov. 4 shows "cheating.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: November 5, 2020
Location: california
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a TikTok video
Fact-check justification: A poster on TikTok claiming, "The cheating is unreal," shared a video widely circulated on social media that appeared to show California ballots being collected the day after the election, after the state was called for Biden. In fact, it’s standard procedure in California to collect and process ballots from drop boxes after Election Day. A county official said the boxes were locked at 8 p.m. on election night. The video did not depict any cheating. We rate the  . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: In 2008, when Flint had 265 sworn officers on their police force, there were 35 murders and 91 rapes in this city. In 2010, when Flint had only 144 police officers, the murder rate climbed to 65, and rapes … climbed to 229.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 12, 2011
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: Flint, Mich
Fact-check justification: Biden cited statistics saying that as Flint reduced its police force, the number of murders and rapes increased significantly. We find good  that the number of murders increased, but the number of rapes actually declined. Experts we spoke with and research we reviewed suggest that police force size has some bearing on crime but that it is only one of several factors. In ruling on Biden’s statement, we rate his statement .
Statement: If you have had a flu shot in the last 3-5 years, you will probably test positive" for COVID-19.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 27, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Vaccines give you an inactive form of the bug to allow your immune system to create antibodies." (You can read more about how vaccines do work here .) Several other fact-checkers have also investigated whether a flu shot can result in  positives for COVID-19, and all came to the same conclusion: no.  Dr. Paul Offit, director of the Vaccine Education Center at Children’s Hospital in Philadelphia, told FactCheck.org that there’s no cross reaction between influenza and the new coronavirus, meaning flu traces wouldn’t cause someone to test positive for COVID-19. A spokesperson for the Food and Drug Administration also told FactCheck.org that all FDA-approved COVID-19 tests are checked for cross-reactivity with influenza virus and influenza antibodies and so far, no cross-reactivity has occurred. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: We are currently using only around 20% of our testing capacity.
Speaker: wisconsin republican legislative leaders
About the speaker: Robin Vos, R-Rochester, is the speaker of the Wisconsin Assembly. Scott Fitzgerald, R-Juneau, is Senate Majority Leader. Republicans have controlled both chambers of the Wisconsin Legislature since the 2010 election.
 
Date: April 20, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;states
Context: news release
Fact-check justification: In a joint statement, Vos and Fitzgerald criticized plans to hold up re-opening Wisconsin — in part — for increased testing, saying Wisconsin is "currently using only around 20% of our testing capacity." That is indeed the portion of testing currently in use, but the implication that the state could simply flip a switch and increase testing fivefold is . The state is in better shape than it was, but it still doesn’t have the sample collection materials it would need to sustain that kind of increase. And half of the state’s capacity is from Exact Sciences, which is likely a few weeks from having the supply chain in place to actually utilize its listed capacity. We define  as a statement that’s partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. That fits here. window.gciAnalyticsUAID = 'PMJS-TEALIUM-COBRAND';
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Statement: Says Ron Saunders "made the choice to stand with Rick Scott" on expanding school vouchers, restricting scholarships and giving tax breaks to the wealthy.
Speaker: tomorrow's vision of florida
About the speaker: Tomorrow's Vision of Florida is an electioneering communication organization formed by former state legislator Edward Bullard and state Sen. Larcenia Bullard. Their son, Democratic state Rep. Dwight Bullard of Miami, is running in a state senate primary against Democratic leader and state Rep. Ron Saunders.
Date: August 6, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;children;education;taxes
Context: a mailer
Fact-check justification: An electioneering communication organization headed by state Rep. Dwight Bullard’s father said that one of his son’s opponents, State Rep. Ron Saunders "has helped Gov. Rick Scott." Let’s review their  for each one: "Take money from public schools by expanding vouchers": This is the only part of the mailer that comes anywhere close to . The mailer cites two votes Saunders took to expand tax credits. But the mailer omits any explanation about the minimal impact on public school funding.  "Make college less accessible by restricting Bright Futures scholarships": The mailer cites a vote that trimmed Bright Futures, which Saunders voted against. So the mailer fails to support this argument.  "Give extra tax breaks to the wealthiest Floridians while so many families are struggling": Saunders voted to provide a tax credit for people who share airplanes, but this was a very narrow tax break for a tiny group of people. He also voted to reduce the state’s corporate income taxes. What is most  about this ad is the broader message that Saunders made a choice to "stand" with Scott. Did Saunders vote for some bills that Scott signed into law? Yep -- but that doesn’t mean he supports Scott’s overall agenda. It’s a  idea that the Democratic minority leader is "supporting" Scott and "helped" the Republican governor in any concrete way. It is that overall message here and the images of Saunders and Scott shaking hands -- not the nitty gritty votes in small print -- that will catch voters’ eyes. For that  characterization, and the criticisms we noted about the bills cited, we rate this  .
Statement: Says Sen. Mitch McConnell's delay in seating Alabama Sen.-elect Doug Jones "is a flagrant violation of Senate policy, which requires Jones assume office the instant one of them wins the election.
Speaker: verified politics
About the speaker: Verified Politics is a website founded in 2017.
Date: December 13, 2017
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: an article posted on the website
Fact-check justification: An article in Verified Politics said that anything other than instantly seating Jones would be a flagrant violation of Senate policy. That is , and when we brought this to the website’s attention, they dialed back their  to say seating Jones in January violated the spirit of Senate rules. Senate rules rely on states to certify election results. Alabama’s process puts certification into the week between Christmas and New Year’s Day. If the Senate is in recess, as it nearly always is, then Jones would have to wait until the first week of January. On average, the delay in seating senators who win special elections is 15 days. The statement is not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama "gives students the right to repay (federal) loans as a clear, fixed, low percentage of their income for up to 20 years.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: September 5, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;education
Context: Charlotte, N.C
Fact-check justification: Clinton said the president gave students "the right to repay (federal) loans as a clear, fixed, low percentage of their income for up to 20 years." That’s a reasonable characterization of a law the president signed in March 2010 that goes into effect by early next year for newer borrowers. But Clinton’s use of the word "clear" does oversimplify a somewhat more complicated reality that students will face an annually adjusted payment requiring paperwork on income and family size. We rate his  .
Statement: Mass voter fraud just discovered, to the amount that could void Hillary's victory In New Hampshire.
Speaker: young conservatives
About the speaker: Young Conservatives is a conservative website.
Date: September 8, 2017
Topics: elections;punditfact
Context: an Internet post
Fact-check justification: The Young Conservatives post was headlined, "Mass Voter Fraud Just Discovered, to the Amount That Could Void Hillary’s Victory In New Hampshire." The article cited 5,313 votes cast with out-of-state IDs. However, under New Hampshire law, there is nothing fraudulent about them, as a person can lawfully vote in New Hampshire while holding motor vehicle registration or a driver’s license in another state. And even if those votes were somehow declared fraudulent, there would be no way to "void" Clinton’s four electoral votes in New Hampshire. We rate this statement .
Statement: In Iraq, "civilian deaths, incidents of bombings, etc., remain very low relative to what was going on last year.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 29, 2009
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: The detailed reports track the number of multiple-fatality bombings (more than a third of them from suicide bombings), as well as the number of people killed and wounded in those bombings. Both also back up Obama's contention. We note that Brookings bases much of its data on information from the U.S. government, but also gets information from press reports and other sources. So information from coalition forces in Iraq, the Iraqi government and press reports all back up Obama's statement. We rule it .
Statement: The federal American Rescue Plan will purchase more food from farmers for distribution.
Speaker: zach wahls
About the speaker: Zach Wahls was elected to his first term in the Iowa Senate in 2018. He represents Senate District 37, which includes Coralville, western Iowa City and Solon in Johnson County; all of Cedar County; and the City of Wilton in Muscatine County. 
Date: April 8, 2021
Location: iowa
Topics: food;coronavirus
Context: a weekly newsletter
Fact-check justification: How the American Rescue Plan is to be spent still is to be determined. But, while the act doesn’t specifically call out farmers by name, it explicitly orders a new $4 billion USDA appropriation to buy fresh food for nonprofits, food banks, and restaurants, plus additional relief for non-farmers in the food supply chain.  We rate this  to be .