chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: A fly landed on Amy Coney Barrett's shoulder during day one of the confirmation hearings
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 12, 2020
Topics: supreme court;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But the photo has taken on a life of its own. Taylor’s post was shared more than 13,000 times and other users have taken the image and posted it on their own Facebook pages with captions like "Fly strikes again" and "Once again. Nature’s way of making things happen." Even celebrity blogger Perez Hilton weighed in, posting : "Was this another fly or are my eyes seeing things????" We rate this post .
Statement: The Milwaukee County sheriff's department  "plays only a limited role as a traditional law enforcement agency" and in 2009 reported far fewer crimes to the FBI than the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee police did.
Speaker: chris abele
About the speaker: Chris Abele is Milwaukee County Executive, a position he won in an April 2011 special election to finish out the final year of the term of Scott Walker, who was elected governor in November 2010. The election was the first attempt at political office for Abele, a Milwaukee philanthropist and business owner.
The office is nonpartisan, but Abele has indicated he is a Democrat.
Date: September 29, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: county budget;county government;crime
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: So, while the sheriff’s office does handle some serious crimes, most of its traditional police work involves lesser offenses. Our conclusion Abele said the sheriff’s office "plays only a limited role as a traditional law enforcement agency" and in 2009 reported far fewer crimes to the FBI than UWM police did. Abele’s  about the FBI reporting was accurate and it reflects the fact that the sheriff’s office handles relatively few major crimes. On the other hand, the sheriff’s office runs jails, patrols freeways and provides other services that other police agencies rely on and that are essential components of traditional law enforcement. We rate Abele’s statement .
Statement: Says Tony Evers and Mandela Barnes "have participated in rallies that have done more to incite than calm the situation" in Kenosha
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: August 31, 2020
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;guns;wisconsin
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: In short, it can’t be both. Our rating  Johnson claimed that Evers and Barnes "have participated in rallies that have done more to incite than calm the situation" in Kenosha. Barnes was present at a rally where a threat was made, but the event was overall a peaceful one, and reports of violence tied to Blake’s shooting came before the rally, not after.    And Johnson himself, while praising Trump’s actions, has acknowledged things had been quiet for days before the Barnes speech -- and have remained so in the days since. We rate the  .
Statement: Gas is high because they shut down production in the U.S." under the Biden administration.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 7, 2022
Topics: corrections and updates;energy;gas prices;facebook fact-checks;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that Biden "shut down production" in the U.S., which is why gas prices are so high. The post also falsely claims Biden was "installed" in November, with a graphic showing that the rise in gas prices began under his watch. This is , as Biden was inaugurated on Jan. 20, 2021. Oil production in the U.S. in 2021 was on par with 2020 production and exceeded yearly production from 2017-18, data shows. We rate this  . Correction (March 14, 2022) : This post was corrected to show that crude oil production in Biden’s first year was higher than in two of four years under Trump, not three. The rating is unchanged.
Statement: The average (Wisconsin) resident's tax burden is at its lowest level in nearly 50 years while incomes continue to grow.
Speaker: roger roth
About the speaker: State Sen. Roger Roth of Appleton. Roth was the winner in the August 9, 2022 primary race for Lt. Gov. He will join gubernatorial candidate Tim Michels on the ticket for the November elections. 
Date: January 20, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: income;taxes
Context: a public forum
Fact-check justification: Roth claimed "the average (Wisconsin) resident’s tax burden is at its lowest level in nearly 50 years, while incomes continue to grow."  The numbers check out. While tax collections are up, incomes have been growing at a faster rate than taxes. Thus, the tax burden continues to edge down. We rate his  . window.gciAnalyticsUAID = 'PMJS-TEALIUM-COBRAND';
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Statement: Chris Coons has "Marxist beliefs.
Speaker: christine o'donnell
About the speaker: Christine O’Donnell is a Delaware politician who gained notoriety in the aftermath of her upset of Rep. Mike Castle in the 2010 Republican U.S. Senate primary. She went on to lose in the general election to Democrat Chris Coons. O’Donnell had previously waged losing U.S. Senate campaigns in 2006 and 2008.
Date: October 13, 2010
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;economy
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Conservatives increasingly have been using labels like socialist and Marxist to attack Democrats. With Coons, the case is irresponsibly thin. Praising a Marxist professor from college as "bright and eloquent" does not make one a Marxist. And any clear-eyed reading of Coons' "The Making of a Bearded Marxist" article would make it obvious the "bearded Marxist" line was a joke playing off the jabs of some of Coons' conservative buddies at college. O'Donnell's  is  , so we rate it .
Statement: An image shows a chyron on Tucker Carlson's show that said "straight men turning homo after 'gay hypnosis.'
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 21, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;punditfact
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We didn’t find any  to challenge that.   An online search returned no credible sources to corroborate the , and we didn’t find the subject on Carlson’s show page or on Fox News’ website . Searching there for the words "gay" and "men" and "hypnosis," we found two stories, both from eight years ago. The first was about a man suing a clinic for gay conversion therapy; the second was about a Democratic push to repeal the Defense of Marriage Act.   We rate this post !
Statement: We get practically nothing compared to the cost of" keeping U.S. military forces in South Korea.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 10, 2016
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military
Context: Ottumwa, Iowa
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "We get practically nothing compared to the cost of" keeping U.S. military forces in South Korea. Currently, South Korea pays well over $800 million annually to support the United States’ troop presence, an amount that doesn’t qualify as "practically nothing." And while Trump makes it sound like the United States’ willingness to pay the rest of the freight amounts to a gift to South Korea, he overlooks that the United States actually benefits significantly on a strategic level from the arrangement. We rate the  .
Statement: Rhode Island's legislature is "the strongest in the country.
Speaker: lincoln chafee
About the speaker: Lincoln Chafee is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He served one four-year term as Rhode Island's governor, beginning on Jan. 4, 2011. He was the first Independent to be elected to that office. He subsequently became a Democrat. As a Republican, he served as mayor of Warwick from 1992 to 1999, when he was appointed to the U.S. Senate following the death of his father, Sen. John H. Chafee. He was elected to a full Senate term in 2000. He is married with three children. In April 2015 he formed an exploratory committee to consider running for President.
Date: November 14, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: legal issues;state budget;states
Context: a newspaper interview
Fact-check justification: Governor Chafee said the Rhode Island state legislature is "the strongest in the country… " Our research found that Rhode Island’s governor has the least institutional power in the nation under the state Constitution. That would make the Rhode Island General Assembly the most powerful, supporting the governor’s point. We rule his   . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Higher beer production and higher consumption go hand-in-hand.
Speaker: kelli stargel
About the speaker: Republican member of the Florida State Senate from the 15th District, which includes parts of Orange, Osceola, and Polk Counties, since 2012. Previously elected to House in 2008. Lives in Lakeland.
Date: April 28, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: alcohol;regulation
Context: a newspaper editorial
Fact-check justification: Stargel said "higher beer production and higher consumption go hand-in-hand." An economist with a trade group pointed to stats that said it may actually be the opposite. In terms of craft brewing, there may be a very weak link that is statistically insignificant. In terms of total production, the numbers suggest that the more beer a state produces, the less it drinks in terms of gallons per person over drinking age. We rate her statement .
Statement: I was pretty proud of being the only guy on the stage that ever had a job in the private sector.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 25, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Pensacola
Fact-check justification: In 2005, he became a partner in Bracewell & Giuliani, a large law firm. When we inquired with a spokeswoman for the Romney campaign about the remark, she said Romney was referring to business experience. But we find plenty of the private-sector experience of the other candidates to be in business – especially Giuliani's work for the consulting firm, Huckabee's work at the Christian TV station and Paul's work running a medical practice. And so we find Romney's statement to be . (For a PolitiFact chart summarizing the candidates' experience, click here.)
Statement: Says Ben Shapiro tweeted, "The USPS is not only a bloated and outdate government agency, it is also ineffective and incompetent. It's been 2 months since my wife went on a Hawaii vacation with her personal trainer; she said she would send me postcards every day and so far none of them have arrived.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 16, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: As we’ve documented before, people can use websites to create images that look like real tweets that very much are not. It’s happened with President Donald Trump and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi . And in this case, apparently, Shapiro. Searching for the statement online, we found nothing to support that Shapiro said this.   We rate it .
Statement: K-12 education is getting more money this year than they did last year. ... It is a total increase of 4.1 percent.
Speaker: eric greitens
About the speaker: Eric Greitens, a combat veteran who served in Afghanistan and Iraq, founded The Mission Continues, a Missouri-based non-profit that helps returning veterans. He won his race for Missouri governor as a Republican in 2016. He resigned on May 29, 2018 after he was charged with felony computer tampering and faced allegations related to an extramarital affair.
Date: February 2, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a budget speech at Nixa’s Early Childhood Center
Fact-check justification: Greitens said, "K-12 education is getting more money this year than they did last year. ... It is a total increase of 4.1 percent." Greitens is right that his proposal for FY 2018 would allocate more money to the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, but he is overstates the size of the increase. Even after including the money from the tobacco legal settlement, the increase would still be less than 1 percent. And the funding for core K-12 education falls short of the state’s own benchmark formula. We rate this  .
Statement: Under part 2 of the infrastructure bill, upon death the entire value of your accumulated wealth and estate will be taxed at 61%.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 10, 2021
Topics: congress;wealth;taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral image stated: "Under part 2 of the infrastructure bill, upon death the entire value of your accumulated wealth and estate will be taxed at 61%." The  wrongly suggests that this is an active part of legislation that would be broadly applied to the entire value of all estates. Biden did propose two tax changes that, according to the Tax Foundation, would have created an effective 61% tax rate on an example estate of $100 million, including capital gains and estate taxes. The proposal was not in his infrastructure plan, but in a separate plan. It would have applied only to very large estates.  However, the proposals are not currently included in a budget reconciliation bill now being debated in Congress. We rate the post .
Statement: The GOP's Obamacare replacement would reduce subsidies that help lower-income people buy health insurance, but also "expand the entitlement" by giving subsidies to higher-income people "that Obamacare never helped.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: March 21, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;income;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: And it does offer the credits to people with higher incomes than Obamacare does. We rate Johnson’s statement .    Other fact checks on the GOP replacement for Obamacare: Mark Pocan: Gives $600 billion in tax breaks "the wealthiest" --  Tammy Baldwin: Will let insurance executives "make millions off your health care" --  Paul Ryan: Will lower premiums, report "confirms" --
Statement: CDC announces that ordinary (non-N95) masks (which most people are wearing) will do nothing to protect you against wildfire smoke … Fun fact: smoke particles are far larger than SARS-CoV-2 particles.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 14, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post suggests wearing cloth masks for COVID-19 is "useless" because the CDC announced that non-N95 masks don’t offer protection against wildfire smoke because they don’t catch small particles, and says that smoke particles are larger than SARS-CoV-2 particles. This is . Wildfire smoke particles come in a range of sizes, experts said, and some are comparable to COVID-19 particles.  Cloth masks are recommended as a way to help stop the spread of COVID-19 because they block the wearer’s larger droplets, such as those emitted during coughs and sneezes, from infecting others. We rate this post .
Statement: Says Biden "didn't win in Arizona. He lost in Arizona based on the forensic audit.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 25, 2021
Location: national
Topics: elections;arizona
Context: Georgia
Fact-check justification: Trump said Biden "didn’t win in Arizona. He lost in Arizona based on the forensic audit." That’s not . The review found that Biden won Maricopa by 45,469 votes — a slightly larger margin than the county’s official canvass. And Biden won Arizona. Nothing in the report written by the Cyber Ninjas contractors stated otherwise.  We rate this statement ! RELATED: No  Maricopa County audit found 17,000 "duplicate" votes RELATED: No  for  that Maricopa County ‘purged machine records before audit’
Statement: Florida has "issued more than 3 million conceal carry permits in the past 30 years. Only 168 have been revoked.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 20, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: guns
Context: a speech to the NRA
Fact-check justification: Trump said Florida has "issued more than 3 million conceal carry permits in the past 30 years. Only 168 have been revoked." Trump cited the number of permits issued since 1987 but exaggerated how few had been revoked. Florida revoked 10,841 permits, including 168 for misuse of a firearm. We don’t know the full picture about who has a gun permit -- or had it revoked -- because the identities of permit holders in Florida are private. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/b3c0c6f4-ce79-49f2-bba0-8002483e163e
Statement: Rod Stewart's son "was rushed to the hospital … with a suspected heart attack" because of a COVID-19 vaccine.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 7, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Citing an interview with Stewart in a recent issue of the soccer magazine FourFourTwo, the Daily Mail quotes Stewart saying: "We thought my boy had a heart attack. He was going blue and was unconscious until he calmed down. It was scary, but it turned out to be a panic attack. The lad wanted to do well." We rate claims that he was rushed to the hospital because of a COVID-19 vaccine !
Statement: 71% of WI's roads are in poor or mediocre condition and 14% of WI's bridges are structurally deficient or functionally obsolete.
Speaker: jennifer shilling
About the speaker: Jennifer Shilling, a Democrat from La Crosse in western Wisconsin, was elected to the Wisconsin Assembly in 2000 and served there until winning election to the state Senate in 2011. Democrats elected her as their Senate leader in 2014.
Date: October 1, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: infrastructure;state budget;transportation
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Our rating Shilling said "71 % of WI’s roads are in poor or mediocre condition and 14% of WI’s bridges are structurally deficient or functionally obsolete." The report she cited from the federal Department of Transportation backed up her figures, but the numbers used for her road statistic aren’t the most accurate available. By another measure, the percentage of roads in poor or mediocre condition is far smaller. There was no dispute on the bridge number, though on that front the state actually fares better than most others. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Fox News gave Republican senators twice the air time as Democrats during a hearing about the Islamic State.
Speaker: media matters
About the speaker: Media Matters for America is a liberal group that researches claims made by the conservative media.
Date: September 16, 2014
Topics: foreign policy;punditfact
Context: a post on the Media Matters blog
Fact-check justification: Media Matters said that Fox News gave Republican senators twice as much air time as Democratic ones during a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing. They said Republicans got 16 minutes compared to the Democrats’ eight. That matches our count. We also found that other networks provided more time and more evenly divided time to members of both parties. We rate the  .