chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Nevada is "still a state that is 80 percent white voters.
Speaker: brian fallon
About the speaker: Brian Fallon is a spokesman for Hillary Clinton.
Date: February 9, 2016
Location: nevada
Topics: elections;race and ethnicity
Context: a MSNBC interview
Fact-check justification: A Clinton campaign spokesman claimed that Nevada is a state with "80 percent white voters." Even looking at the best-case scenario, it’s difficult to imagine a sudden reversal in the trend of  increasing minority voter participation in Nevada elections. Given past turnout levels and the ethnic makeup of the state, the  of "80 percent white voters" deciding the state’s caucus doesn’t hold up. We rate the campaign’s  .
Statement: Says 20 million Chinese converted to Islam after it's proven that the coronavirus doesn't affect Muslims.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 18, 2020
Topics: china;islam;public health;religion;coronavirus
Context: a YouTube post
Fact-check justification: But even if the footage followed the outbreak, Muslims are not immune to COVID-19, as the Facebook post claims.   After China, Iran has emerged as the second focal point for the spread of COVID-19, the New York Times reported on Feb. 24 . "The Middle East is in many ways the perfect place to spawn a pandemic, experts say, with the constant circulation of both Muslim pilgrims and itinerant workers who might carry the virus." On Feb. 18, Newsweek reported that coronavirus "poses a serious risk to millions of inmates in China’s Muslim prison camps. "   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says the new coronavirus vaccines contain toxic ingredients and are more dangerous than getting COVID-19.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 15, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post that makes several unsubstantiated claims about the new coronavirus vaccines says the shots contain toxic ingredients and are more dangerous than getting COVID-19. This is bogus. The ingredient lists for the vaccines do not include any of the "toxic" contents listed in the post, and the leading vaccines — which have been tested for several months in thousands of people — are not more dangerous than the virus, which has killed over 300,000 Americans and more than 1.6 million people worldwide. .
Statement: I am every year the No.1 pick of all of the law enforcement agencies within Texas.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: August 3, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;criminal justice;crime
Context: a telephone call to the Allen, Texas, police department
Fact-check justification: Dewhurst said  that "every year, I'm the No.1 pick of all the law enforcement agencies in Texas." This declaration falters in substantive ways. Law enforcement agencies do not rank elected officials against one another in any way. Nor do law enforcement advocacy groups, though Dewhurst has drawn multiple re-election endorsements. Then again, such endorsements do not occur every year. The election for lieutenant governor occurs every four years. We rate this  as . -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The United States ended slavery around the world, and maybe we should get some credit for that, too.
Speaker: tucker carlson
About the speaker: Tucker Carlson was a Fox News pundit until his departure in April 2023.
Date: August 15, 2017
Topics: history;punditfact
Context: comments on 'Tucker Carlson Tonight'
Fact-check justification: Carlson said, "The United States ended slavery around the world, and maybe we should get some credit for that, too." The practice of treating other human beings as property that can be forced into labor continued as official policy for more than decades in Cuba and Brazil after the Civil War. Historians said slavery continued to exist across the world into the 20th century, and conditions comparable to slavery still exist. Any credit for originating the ideals leading to the end of slavery as most people would define it should go to the British, historians said, who formally organized abolitionist thought long before the United States adopted any official policy. We rate Carlson’s statement !
Statement: ALERT: Massive Easter Egg Recall Leaves MILLIONS Of Children In Danger- THROW THEM AWAY- They WILL Kill Your Kids.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 8, 2018
Topics: consumer safety;fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Consumers can still follow up on Target’s 2017 recall for the described Easter egg toys, the commission said. Target did issue a recall for Easter egg toys. But it did so last year. While recalls generally don’t expire, it seems clear to us that by reposting this story, news24fresh.info is trying to trick people into thinking the recall is new. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Beto O'Rourke wants "open borders and wants to take our guns.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: March 6, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;corrections and updates;terrorism;guns
Context: an audio ad distributed to news organizations
Fact-check justification: Cruz says in his song that O’Rourke wants "open borders and wants to take our guns." O’Rourke opposes President Trump’s avowed U.S.-Mexico border wall and also maintains that existing fencing he opposed in the first place doesn’t make us safer. But we didn’t spot  that O’Rourke wants U.S. borders open without restriction. O’Rourke backs a ban on the future sale and possession of about 200 kinds of guns including AR-15-style rifles. But the legislation he’s cosponsoring doesn’t provide for officials to take any guns held lawfully at the time the measure becomes law. We rate this Cruz  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Marie Yovanovitch was "dishonest" when she claimed under oath that she never personally responded to an email from a Democratic staffer. But "in fact, it turns out that she did respond.
Speaker: tucker carlson
About the speaker: Tucker Carlson was a Fox News pundit until his departure in April 2023.
Date: November 7, 2019
Location: national
Topics: impeachment
Context: Tucker Carlson Tonight
Fact-check justification: "  Yovanovitch, based on the transcript that Carlson and others have access to, made no such . Yovanovitch never said she didn’t respond to the staffer. Yovanovitch did say she did not respond to a second email. But she alluded to replying to an initial email. We rate Carlson’s  .
Statement: A photo shows Donald Trump embracing Jeffrey Epstein in the back of a limousine.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 27, 2020
Topics: candidate biography;corrections and updates;crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: That’s because it’s a poorly doctored photo — you can see Ivanka Trump’s hair spilling out from behind Epstein’s face. The original image is from 1995 and shows the future president with his then-13-year-old daughter.   This isn’t the first photo of Donald and Ivanka Trump that has been manipulated in connection with Epstein. In July, we fact-checked another photo that was edited to make it look like Epstein was with the father-daughter pair. We rate this image .
Statement: We pay far more for health care than any other country in the world, yet we have far worse outcomes than any other country in the world.
Speaker: tulsi gabbard
About the speaker: Tulsi Gabbard is a representative of Hawaii’s 2nd Congressional District. Elected to the office in 2012, Gabbard is the first Samoan-American and first Hindu member of the U.S. Congress. She was re-elected in 2014, 2016 and 2018. Gabbard has also been in active service for more than the past 10 years and has served in the Hawaii Army National Guard. Gabbard received a bachelor’s degree in business administration from Hawaii Pacific University. In 2019, she announced she is running for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: March 10, 2019
Location: national
Topics: health care;public health
Context: a town hall
Fact-check justification: Gabbard says: "We pay far more for health care than any other country in the world, yet we have far worse outcomes than any other country in the world." The United States spends more on health care — per capita or as a percentage of gross national product — than similarly large and wealthy countries. And compared to other developed nations, the performance of the U.S. health care system ranked last in one study. In another study it ranked poorly on a number of health care outcomes. Experts said factors other than health care systems, such as poverty and personal behavior, can affect health outcomes. We rate Gabbard’s statement .
Statement: Says the large trade deficit with Japan stems from them sending "millions of cars," while "we send them wheat," but the deficit is "changing rapidly.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 13, 2019
Location: national
Topics: trade
Context: Pennsylvania
Fact-check justification: Trump talked about U.S.-Japan trade in terms of Americans buying Japanese cars while the Japanese bought American wheat. He also said the trade deficit is changing rapidly. Trump distorted the actual trade relations in many ways. While he was reasonably correct on the scale of cars imported to the United States, he cast wheat as a major part of U.S.-Japan trade. It accounts for less than 1% of sales. Trump sidestepped the top ranking items of civilian aircraft and related goods, and industrial machinery.  The numbers also undercut his implication that the trade deficit is changing rapidly for the better. It has held steady, although getting a bit worse each year. Trump was close on the car and truck imports, but missed the mark in every other respect. We rate this  .
Statement: The U.S. initially had three federal felonies: treason, piracy, and counterfeiting securities and money.
Speaker: paul broun
About the speaker: U.S. House Rep. Paul Broun, a Republican, is from Athens. He represents Georgia's 10th congressional district.
Date: July 2, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: history
Context: a radio debate
Fact-check justification: How do we rule? Broun’s list was a dozen or so crimes short. But his overarching point is correct. When America was in its infancy, very few federal crimes existed. Broun earns a .
Statement: Congress is on "vacation.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 2, 2014
Location: national
Topics: congress
Context: a Saturday broadcast address
Fact-check justification: Obama said Congress is on "vacation." Hypocrisy aside -- Obama was about to go on vacation himself just a week later -- he’s stretching it on the terminology. During Congress’ August recess -- mandated by a 1970 law -- lawmakers aren’t debating matters on the floor of the House or Senate. But even if they take some dog days off, the recess isn’t a no-work vacation. Lawmakers continue to attend to their districts by holding town halls and other meetings, and many also campaign. On balance, we rate Obama’s  the same as Perry’s -- .
Statement: Medicare officials have treated Humana and AARP inconsistently on how they can communicate with seniors.
Speaker: house republican conference
About the speaker: House Republicans are represented by the House Republican Conference.
Date: September 22, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: an article on its Web site
Fact-check justification: Humana, on the other hand, is mailing people using personal information it receives as a government contractor. UnitedHealth would be bound by similar rules. We find that the House Republican Conference is off base when it claims that the CMS and the Obama administration have two different standards for AARP and Humana. Humana is a government contractor for Medicare Advantage; the AARP is not. We rate the statement .
Statement: This rule could prevent children under 18 from using such tools as a power screwdriver, a milking machine or something as simple as a wheelbarrow on the family farm . . .
Speaker: lamar alexander
About the speaker: Lamar Alexander is the senior senator from Tennessee.
Date: March 22, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: agriculture;children;labor
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The proposed rules could limit the kinds of potentially dangerous work children might perform on "family" farms owned by someone else’s family. To make their point, however, Alexander and many others are not mentioning the parental exemption and then using examples of some activities the labor department says are not the target of its revised rules. The proposed rules are aimed at protecting children involved in agribusiness, not at children learning farming from their flannel-clad dads. We find the orchestrated criticism  and rule Alexander’s statement .
Statement: Says he "got lobbied" by a woman with late-stage cancer about vaccinating Texas girls against a virus that can cause cervical cancer.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: September 22, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: health care;public health
Context: Orlando
Fact-check justification: Our ruling: Perry had an ally in Heather Burcham in 2007, but only after he issued his order. In the debate, in contrast, Perry brought up Burcham’s heartfelt advocacy while not speaking to criticism he had been lobbied into the order by a former aide representing a drug company. His statement misled by creating the impression Burcham swayed him to proceed with the executive order. In reality, by all accounts, that just didn’t happen. We rate Perry’s statement .
Statement: Says no city comparable in size to Austin or smaller was broken into as many congressional districts.
Speaker: daniel rodriguez
About the speaker: Daniel Rodriguez of Seguin asked PolitiFact Texas to check his own claim.
Date: May 30, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: congress;redistricting
Context: an email to PolitiFact Texas
Fact-check justification: Among 11 cities of comparable size to Austin or smaller, only Fort Worth -- with five House districts -- comes close to experiencing the slice-up of the Texas capital, whose residents are spread among six districts. But Fort Worth voters appear to control one district and might control another. Austin’s Democratic majority will likely preserve Doggett, but he is running in a district where San Antonio residents outnumber those from Austin. Broadly, both Texas cities were cut up more than like-sized cities nationally. We rate the  as .
Statement: Amendment 2 will put almost 2,000 pot shops in Florida ... more pot shops than Walmart and Walgreens combined.
Speaker: vote no on 2
About the speaker: The Vote No on 2 campaign opposes United for Care's proposed 2016 constitutional amendment that would allow medical marijuana in Florida. The campaign is funded by the Drug Free Florida Committee, an anti-drug group started in 2014 by longtime GOP fundraiser Mel Sembler and his wife, Betty, with financial backing from casino magnate Sheldon Adelson.
Date: May 16, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: florida amendments;marijuana
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Vote No On 2 said, "Amendment 2 will put almost 2,000 pot shops in Florida ... more pot shops than Walmart and Walgreens combined." The state health department did project 1,993 medical marijuana dispensaries would be needed to serve potential patients, based on data from Colorado compared with Florida. That is more than the 840 Walgreens and 233 Walmart supercenters and discount stores in the state, although the comparison seems like a bit of a red herring. It’s important to remember that while the health department report is the only real estimate available, this figure isn’t definite. The agency and the Legislature would decide the actual number of stores and how they are regulated after the amendment passes. That total is anyone’s guess. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Foxconn tax break could exceed $1 million per job.
Speaker: jennifer shilling
About the speaker: Jennifer Shilling, a Democrat from La Crosse in western Wisconsin, was elected to the Wisconsin Assembly in 2000 and served there until winning election to the state Senate in 2011. Democrats elected her as their Senate leader in 2014.
Date: August 14, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: corporations;jobs;state budget;technology;taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Our rating Shilling said about a $3 billion incentive package being offered by the State of Wisconsin: "Foxconn tax break could exceed $1 million per job." We found in a previous fact check that the state would not be paying Foxconn $3 billion for 3,000 jobs -- or $1 million per job -- because the full $3 billion would be paid only if 13,000 jobs are created. In Shilling’s favor, if Foxconn invests at least $9 billion in its plant as it has said it will -- but hires only 1,500 workers -- the incentives paid would exceed $1 million per job. That being said, while there is not yet a commitment that Foxconn will create a minimum number of jobs, there is also no  that the total would be only 1,500 jobs if it invests $9 billion in its plant. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details, our rating is .
Statement: Says the T.R.U.M.P. Act, which would force presidential candidates to release their tax returns to run in North Carolina, "has a lot of support – by a majority of North Carolinians and members of both parties.
Speaker: jay chaudhuri
About the speaker: Jay Chaudhuri is a Democratic member of the N.C. Senate who represents parts of Raleigh and Cary.
Date: April 5, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: bipartisanship;candidate biography;elections;states;transparency;taxes
Context: an interview explaining his bill
Fact-check justification: Sen. Jay Chaudhuri proposed a bill that would require future presidential candidates to release their tax returns in order to get onto North Carolina’s ballot. The bill was clearly aimed at Republican President Donald Trump, but Chaudhuri said it "has a lot of support – by a majority of North Carolinians and members of both parties." According to one polling firm, Chaudhuri is correct that most North Carolinians want to see Trump’s tax returns, and that the majority also would support a law requiring all presidential candidates to release their taxes. He’s also correct that both issues have bipartisan support, including most Democrats and independents, and about a third of Republicans. However, only one pollster has explored this question at the state level. That’s an important piece of information that Chaudhuri doesn’t mention, so we rate this  .
Statement: Coca-Cola, Ben & Jerry's and other companies support rioting.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 13, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: He said "we stand with those seeking justice and equality." His only mention of violence was violence that stems from racism. He didn’t say he supports rioting.   While Coca-Cola and other companies have spoken out in support of BLM, we found no  that they support rioting.   We rate that  .
Statement: Says "Joe Biden supported the Castro regime and meeting with Maduro.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: June 28, 2020
Location: florida
Topics: foreign policy
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Scott said, "Joe Biden supported the Castro regime and meeting with Maduro." Scott pointed to Biden’s statements in April that he would engage with Cuba, as Obama did. But Scott ignores that Biden has repeatedly criticized Cuba’s human rights record. Experts told us that Biden’s plan to engage Cuba doesn’t mean he supports the regime, although Cuba hardliners view it that way. Biden did have a brief encounter with Maduro in 2015 in Brazil, which was captured in photos. We don’t have an official transcript of what was said but the fact that the two men spoke to each other doesn’t mean they were in agreement. The AP reported that Biden suggested to Maduro that he should release political prisoners. Other reports say Biden made a joke about Maduro’s hair. Biden has frequently called Maduro a "tyrant" and supported Guaidó as his replacement. We rate this statement . PolitiFact staff writer Miriam Valverde contributed to this fact-check.