chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: There is a provision in the economic stimulus plan that means that "students cannot meet together in their dorms, if that dorm has been repaired with this federal money, and have a prayer group or a Bible study.
Speaker: jim demint
About the speaker: Jim DeMint is a former U.S. Senator from South Carolina. He is now president of The Heritage Foundation .
Date: February 5, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;education;stimulus
Context: a speech on the Senate floor
Fact-check justification: Maybe someone will bring a lawsuit, as DeMint claims, if students hold a Bible study in a dorm that has been renovated with federal money from the stimulus plan. But both the ACLU and the Heritage Foundation say the Supreme Court's rulings indicate such a lawsuit would fail. Maybe the language could be clearer. But we think it's  for DeMint to  that, if enacted, the stimulus plan would surely mean that students can't hold a prayer session in a dorm. We find his statement .
Statement: Democrats plan to keep student loan interest rates low  "by raising taxes on small businesses, very small businesses … the kinds of small businesses that give jobs to graduates.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: May 8, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: message machine 2012;taxes
Context: a video statement
Fact-check justification: Rubio said he opposed the Democratic bill on student loan interest because it would raise taxes on "small businesses, very small businesses … the kinds of small businesses that give jobs to graduates." Actually, the bill changed tax rules only for S-corporations, and only on professionals like lawyers and accountants who could be taking advantage of the tax code to avoid paying payroll taxes. The Democrats took the additional step of saying the rule change would only apply to individuals who reported more than $200,000 in income. The bill's intent was to close a loophole on people who were avoiding payroll taxes, taxes that they're supposed to be paying anyway.  Rubio's statement gives the impression that all kinds of mom-and-pop operations might be subject to new, additional taxes, when actually the bill is aimed squarely at high-income professionals who are taking advantage of a loophole. We rate Rubio’s statement .
Statement: Says uncompensated health care costs absorbed by Texas hospitals are adding $1,800 a year to Texas private insurance rates.
Speaker: nelson wolff
About the speaker: Nelson Wolff, a former San Antonio member of the Texas House and Senate, also served on the San Antonio City Council before becoming mayor. In 2010, he won another term as Bexar County judge.
Date: April 1, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: health care;public health;state budget
Context: a Texas Capitol press conference
Fact-check justification: Wolff said uncompensated health care costs absorbed by Texas hospitals are adding $1,800 a year to private insurance rates. His figure strikes us as worthy of skepticism partly because research on this topic seems to be driven by up-front assumptions--some of them fiercely debated. As troubling, the figure reflects 2009 estimates reached using a previous estimate of how much of such costs were passed through in 2005, nearly a decade ago. We found no post-2009 state-by-state estimates of the cost impact, while other analyses have found that although cost-shifting occurs, private insurance rates are not greatly affected. This , which retains an element of , rates .
Statement: Sen. Obama has been to Iraq once.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: May 28, 2008
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: Reno, Nev
Fact-check justification: He said it was time to "start phasing down troops" and "to give the Iraqis more ownership." McCain has been to Iraq eight times. One can argue about the significance of the disparity, but not about the numbers. We rule McCain's  . Read our Fact Sheet on which candidates have been to Iraq and what their position on the war is.
Statement: A new presidential helicopter "is now going to cost as much as Air Force One.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: February 23, 2009
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: a White House forum on fiscal responsibility
Fact-check justification: In fact, he could have said the helicopter would cost more. So this one boils down to a question of what you consider to be the "cost" of Air Force One. It cost $550 million in current dollars to build , but the government paid just $315 million. We think most people would judge it on the cost that taxpayers paid, since that's the comparison being made with the helicopter contract (which is not a fixed price contract), but McCain could have been clearer if he had specified that. So we find his statement .
Statement: Kamala Harris is NOT eligible to be President.
Speaker: jacob wohl
About the speaker: Jacob Wohl is an active supporter of President Donald Trump on social media.
Date: January 22, 2019
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;obama birth certificate
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Wohl tweeted, "Kamala Harris is NOT eligible to be President," based on "serious questions" concerning her parents’ naturalization status and her time spent growing up in Canada. Constitutional scholars agree that rehashing details of Harris’ upbringing is a smokescreen, since the only factor that matters is that Harris was born in the United States. The 14th Amendment, an 1898 Supreme Court decision and a 1952 statute make clear that anyone born in the United States is qualified to run for president. We rate the statement .
Statement: Parasite cleanses "kill herpes by starving the parasites in the stomach.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 28, 2022
Topics: health care;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A video shared on Instagram claimed parasite cleanses kill herpes by starving the parasites in the stomach.  Parasitic cleanses don’t contain any ingredient that could kill a parasite, and the cleanses can harm a person’s health.  We rate this  .
Statement: Schools banning Dr. Seuss books.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 3, 2021
Topics: education;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Examples include anti-Japanese American political cartoons and cartoons depicting African Americans for sale captioned with offensive language. Given this research, and LCPS’ focus on equity and culturally responsive instruction, LCPS provided this guidance to schools during the past couple of years to not connect Read Across America Day exclusively with Dr. Seuss’ birthday." Still, Dr. Seuss books "are available to students in our libraries and classrooms," the statement said. Loudoun County Public Schools hasn’t banned Dr. Seuss books, and we didn’t find  that other schools have either. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Casey Weinstein: No faith in our military" ... "When some of our cadets wanted to watch a religious film, Casey Weinstein sued the U.S. military. Sued our soldiers?
Speaker: ohio republican party
About the speaker: Statewide organization for Ohio's Republicans.
Date: October 28, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: military;religion
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: A GOP-funded campaign flier stated, "Casey Weinstein: No faith in our military," and, "When some of our cadets wanted to watch a religious film, Casey Weinstein sued the U.S. military. Sued our soldiers? Vote no on Casey Weinstein." The mailer twists many facts about a lawsuit to present Weinstein, an Air Force reservist from a military family, as hostile to the armed forces. There is an element of  in that Weinstein did sue the Air Force Academy, asserting that the institution unconstitutionally promoted the evangelization of Christianity by its leadership and cadets on duty. His lawsuit did not target fellow "soldiers," but the institution itself (also, Air Force members are not called "soldiers").  The flier further capitalizes on the two possible interpretations suggested by the phrase "no faith in our military." A cursory read of the flier could easily leave voters with the impression that Weinstein was critical of the armed forces. For manipulating the real narrative, we rate the claims in the mailer . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/4264508e-222a-4309-9db5-ccf92962ff8b
Statement: Soldiers Donating to Tea Party Now Face Punishment Under the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
Speaker: rhode island tea party
About the speaker: The Rhode Island Tea Party describes itself as a liberty movement dedicated to the core values of the U.S. Constitution: limited government, fiscal and personal responsibility, and individuals rights.
Date: October 25, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: campaign finance;military
Context: a posting on Twitter
Fact-check justification: At PolitiFact, we believe people and parties have an obligation to check things out before they blindly pass them along to others. It's  that Red Flag News (motto: "Aggregating the News that Mainstream Media Distort and Ignore") originated the over-the-top headline. But Wynne, on behalf of her organization, chose to repeat it, even when the story itself included facts that should have prompted some skepticism. For that reason, we rate the Rhode Island Tea Party's tweet a   ! (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: The illegal caravan of immigrants are flying the Honduras flag as they burn the American flag as they march towards the USA wanting asylum!
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 22, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Fact-check justification: On Oct. 19, two people burned an American flag "during a protest in favor of the caravan of migrants," according to a caption to an Associated Press photo that shows two men holding the corners of a burning flag with a swastika scrawled on it. But that happened in front of the American embassy in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, when the caravan was stuck at the Guatemala-Mexico border. We haven’t found credible reports of other instances of flag-burnings connected to the caravan, and no stories of migrants making the march north burning the American flag themselves. As some Americans fret about the growing group en route to the U.S.-Mexico border, this post misuses old, unrelated photos of flag-burnings and wrongly feeds fears of an invasion. We rate this post .
Statement: In the U.S., "you're not allowed to own a machine gun.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: March 28, 2023
Location: national
Topics: congress;crime;guns
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Biden said in the U.S., "you’re not allowed to own a machine gun." Biden is . In 1986, Reagan signed the Firearm Owners’ Protection Act, which barred the private sale and ownership of machine guns that were not already registered with the federal government on the day he signed the law. There are restrictions for machine gun ownership, and these guns cost tens of thousands of dollars. But there is a kernel of  to Biden’s statement because 15 states ban the possession of machine guns. We rate this statement .  RELATED : Joe Biden recycles   that the Second Amendment limited gun ownership RELATED : All of our fact-checks about guns
Statement: During my eight years as county executive, we cut the number of county workers by 20 percent.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: November 13, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: county budget;county government;unions
Context: a book
Fact-check justification: But because the workers didn’t become state employees until 2011, the reduction does not affect the employee tally during Walker’s county time, which ended in December 2010. Our rating First-time author Scott Walker wrote that, "during my eight years as county executive, we cut the number of county workers by 20 percent." The governor’s memory is correct. . If you would like to comment on this item, go to JSOnline.com .
Statement: Independent analysts say (Donald Trump) would add $30 trillion to the national debt.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: July 12, 2016
Location: national
Topics: debt;deficit;economy
Context: Portsmouth, N.H
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that "independent analysts say (Donald Trump) would add $30 trillion to the national debt." The number does come from an independent, nonpartisan report. But Clinton didn’t cite the 20-year time frame for her statement, an important omission. And, she ignored smaller (though still substantial) projected increases from independent analysts. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate the statement Half . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/8a31cb99-354b-40e1-a2c7-4eae5158d98b
Statement: An organized crime syndicate was extorting money from his (Tom Ganley's) business, threatening his family, but he fought back and won the FBI's highest civilian award
Speaker: tom ganley
About the speaker: Tom Ganley of Brecksville, Ohio, is a businessman and the largest car dealer in the state of Ohio. A Republican, he challenged Democratic Rep. Betty Sutton in the 2010 congressional elections for the state's 13th District.
 
 
Date: September 16, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: crime;message machine 2010
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: "During this investigation, it became evident to these organized crime members that Mr. Ganley was cooperating with the FBI and that he would be testifying against them at trial," says a 2007 press release the FBI issued when it gave Ganley its Louis E. Peters Memorial Service Award. "This realization resulted in additional death threats directed at Mr. Ganley and his family. Mr. Ganley refused to be intimidated by these criminals and consented to having FBI agents live at his residence to provide security for himself and his family." Retired FBI agents contacted by The Plain Dealer described Ganley’s actions as courageous and important to the FBI’s investigative strategy. We rate the  in his television ad to be .
Statement: Look, we are at war with these people and they don't wear uniforms. … This is a war against people that are vicious, violent people, that we have no idea who they are, where they come from. We are allowing tens of thousands of them into our country now.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 23, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration;terrorism
Context: an interview with Fox News' Bill O'Reilly
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Look, we are at war with these people and they don't wear uniforms. … This is a war against people that are vicious, violent people, that we have no idea who they are, where they come from. We are allowing tens of thousands of them into our country now." There is no  that "tens of thousands" of terrorists are coming into the United States, much less that they are being "allowed" in on purpose. While there may be legitimate counter-terrorism concerns about refugee flows, Trump’s overheated rhetoric complicates rather than clarifies the situation. We rate the statement .
Statement: Gas prices are down back to where they were before Russia invaded Ukraine.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: November 29, 2022
Topics: gas prices;foreign policy
Context: Bay City, Mich
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "Gas prices are down back to where they were before Russia invaded Ukraine." Gas prices didn’t start increasing with the onset of the war, but the most recent weekly price data shows the cost of a gallon of gasoline at $3.53, which is exactly the same as it was just days before Russia invaded Ukraine. We rate the statement .
Statement: Countries with a higher minimum wage than the United States' $7.25 an hour include Denmark at $21, Australia at $15.81, Germany at $11 and France at $12.35.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 26, 2014
Location: national
Topics: economy;workers
Context: a Facebook meme
Fact-check justification: The meme says that countries with a higher minimum wage than the United States’ $7.25 an hour include Denmark at $21, Australia at $15.81, Germany at $11 and France at $12.35. The figure for Denmark is questionable because the country has no single minimum wage. Meanwhile, the figures for the four other countries have been converted into U.S. dollars, but they do not take into account differences in the cost of living in each country -- in other words, how far that wage would go in purchasing goods and services. Economists tend to favor taking purchasing power into account when doing cross-country comparisons of this sort. When purchasing power is taken into account, the gap between the other countries and the United States narrows, though it does not disappear. The  is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: There is racism physically built into some of our highways.
Speaker: pete buttigieg
About the speaker: Pete Buttigieg is the Transportation secretary under President Joe Biden. Buttigieg was elected mayor of South Bend, Ind., in 2011 and was re-elected in 2015. He decided not to seek re-election and his term ended in January 2020. From 2009 to 2017, he served in the U.S. Navy Reserve and was a lieutenant. He received a bachelor’s degree in history and literature from Harvard College and a first-class honors bachelor’s degree in philosophy, politics and economics from Pembroke College as a Rhodes Scholar. He ran for president in the 2020 Democratic primaries.
Date: April 6, 2021
Topics: race and ethnicity;transportation
Context: an interview with The Grio
Fact-check justification: Buttigieg said, "There is racism physically built into some of our highways." In city after city, highways of the Interstate era and before have prompted the demolition or fragmentation of Black neighborhoods — due, historians say, to a combination of racism, lower acquisition costs for real estate, and weaker political muscle to oppose the projects. Mixed neighborhoods and those inhabited by lower-income white Americans were also divided, or at least targeted, by highway planners. We rate the statement . Amy Sherman contributed to this article.
Statement: The European Union … they send us Mercedes, they send us -- by the millions -- the BMWs -- cars by the millions.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 28, 2018
Location: national
Topics: economy;foreign policy;trade;transportation
Context: Mount Pleasant, Wis
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "The European Union … they send us Mercedes, they send us -- by the millions -- the BMWs -- cars by the millions." Together, Mercedes, BMW and Volkswagen imported less than a million cars into the United States in 2017, not "millions." More importantly, Trump ignores that a large proportion of German cars sold in the United States were also built here, using American workers and suppliers whose economic fortunes are boosted by Germany’s carnakers. Other U.S.-built German cars were sold as exports. We rate the statement .