chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Most of home care is paid by government programs.
Speaker: john delaney
About the speaker: John Delaney is a former representative of Maryland’s 6th Congressional District. He served in the office from 2013 until 2019, and he did not run for re-election in 2018 because of his early announcement to run for president. Delaney received a bachelor’s degree from Columbia University, a J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center and an honorary doctor of laws degree from Washington College. In 2017, he announced he is running for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: April 13, 2019
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicaid;medicare
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: Delaney said that "Most of home care is paid by government programs." Medicaid, Medicare, CHIP are the largest payers of total medical care at home. However, the current data doesn’t capture the mix of spending that includes long-term non-medical home care, for things like shopping, bathing and other everyday chores. Based on the available data, we rate this statement .
Statement: Fentanyl is now killing more Americans than heroin or any other opioid.
Speaker: claire mccaskill
About the speaker: Claire McCaskill is a Democrat and a U.S. Senator from Missouri.
Date: November 22, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: drugs;health care;public health
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Sen. McCaskill said, "Fentanyl is now killing more Americans than heroin or any other opioid." The CDC says illegally manufactured fentanyl is primarily responsible for the increase in deaths involving synthetic opioids in 10 states. But fentanyl and fentanyl analogs aren’t the only synthetic opioids claiming lives. There is no breakdown of fentanyl from the larger synthetic category number. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Sen. Kelly Loeffler said on Parler that "Black people shouldn't be allowed to vote.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 13, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said Loeffler said on Parler that "Black people shouldn’t be allowed to vote."  The screenshot depicts a Parler post that is from a  account. Loeffler’s actual Parler account included no such statement about Abrams registering Black or Democratic voters.  We rate this  . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Says of 9/11, "Two planes can't cause three buildings to collapse in free-fall time.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 11, 2022
Location: national
Topics: terrorism;facebook fact-checks
Context: a photo on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Social media posts called into question the destruction of three World Trade Center buildings on Sept. 11, 2001. A Facebook post shared on the terrorist attacks’ 21st anniversary claimed "two planes can’t cause three buildings to collapse in free-fall time." And an Instagram post said, "Two planes destroyed three buildings that were specifically built to withstand a plane being flown into them." World Trade Center Building 7 was not struck by an airplane on 9/11; it collapsed because of uncontrollable fires ignited by debris from the twin towers. WTC 7 collapsed at a rate 40% slower than free-fall time. The main World Trade Center complex was designed to withstand the impact of a Boeing 707, a smaller plane than the ones that struck the towers. The engineer also did not account for fires, which ultimately caused the buildings’ downfall. We rate this  .
Statement: Right now 5% of Americans donate to candidates.
Speaker: andrew yang
About the speaker: Andrew Yang filed paperwork with the New York City Campaign Finance Board Dec. 23 which allows him to explore a bid for mayor in 2021. Yang is an entrepreneur and founder of Venture for America New York. Yang received a bachelor’s degree in economics from Brown University and a J.D. from Columbia Law School. In 2017, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in February 2020.
Date: January 23, 2020
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance
Context: Muscatine, Iowa
Fact-check justification: Yang said, "Right now 5% of Americans donate to candidates."  He’s likely in the ballpark, but the number can only be determined by polling, and different polls have found different numbers.  Yang was citing an online poll in June that found 8% of Americans said they had given to a 2020 presidential candidate. That was more than a year before the election. Pew found based on data from the American National Election Studies questionnaires after the last presidential election that 12% said they donated, but that wasn’t limited to federal candidates. Because the best estimates are small, though not quite as small as what Yang said, we rate the statement .
Statement: Says Daniel Webster "used taxpayer funds to build a lobbyist lounge.
Speaker: val demings
About the speaker: Val Demings is running against U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio in 2022. Demings won her race for U.S. Representative in 2016 and subsequently won re-election. She represents a central Florida district. She previously served as Orlando's police chief.
Date: September 17, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: message machine 2012;taxes
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: Demings is attacking Webster for using "taxpayer money to build a lobbyist lounge." It’s  that some newspapers characterized a room Webster set aside for a select group of former Republican leaders turned lobbyists as a "comfortable lounge" enjoyed "at taxpayer expense." There is plenty of deception and hyperbole mixed in here, though. Webster did not build the room (it was an existing office); it’s unclear how much, if any, taxpayer money went toward its furnishings (maybe a phone line at one point?); and access was generally limited to former Republican leaders. Moreover, the room is a far cry from the Cognac-ridden and smoke-filled country club-style lounge the ad would have viewers imagine. We rate the  .
Statement: The unvaccinated have escaped every single strain or 'variant'" of SARS-CoV-2.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 15, 2021
Topics: health care;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims, "the unvaccinated have escaped every single strain or 'variant’" of the coronavirus. Unvaccinated people are highly susceptible to contracting COVID-19, including from emerging variants.  We rate this  .
Statement: As a prosecutor, Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice David Prosser did not investigate or file charges in a case involving 30-year pedophile priest, then participated in cover-up.
Speaker: greater wisconsin committee
About the speaker: The Greater Wisconsin Committee is a liberal group active in Wisconsin state politics, from legislative races to statewide offices. It receives money from a variety of sources, including labor unions. Its campaign ads are typically done through the Greater Wisconsin Political Fund.
Date: March 24, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: legal issues
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: By using information that only became known later, it suggests more information was available to Prosser at the time than really was. For instance, Prosser didn’t know that the priest had a long history of molestation -- that came out 24 years later. And it wasn’t until 24 years later that one of the brothers made the most serious allegation against the priest. Finally, the two brothers have condemned the ad as "offensive,  and out of context." We rate the committee’s  .
Statement: Pennsylvania "never opened.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 20, 2020
Location: national
Topics: coronavirus;pennsylvania
Context: a rally
Fact-check justification: Our ruling  Trump said Pennsylvania "never opened." That’s not . Most businesses were closed and residents were ordered to stay home in April, but restrictions have been lifted gradually since May, and no new lockdowns have been ordered even as case counts climb. Trump’s statement is . We rate it .
Statement: Fifteen out of the 20 most polluted cities in the world" are in India and China.
Speaker: jim webb
About the speaker: Jim Webb is running for president of the United States in 2016.
Webb, a Democrat, served as a U.S. senator from Virginia in 2007-13. He served as the first Assistant Secreatry of Defense for Reserve Affairs and Secretary of the Navy in the Ronald Reagan administration.
Webb is a 1968 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and served as a Marine Corps infantry officer until 1972 and saw action in the Vietnam War, for which he was awarded the Navy Cross, Silver Star, two Bronze Stars and two Purple Hearts.
Webb was born in Saint Joseph, Mo. He also has a law degree from Georgetown Law Center, Washington, D.C. He has written fiction and nonfictions books and won an Emmy award for his 1983 PBS coverage of the U.S. Marines in Beirut. He frequently writes opinion columns for many publications.
Date: October 13, 2015
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;foreign policy
Context: Las Vegas
Fact-check justification: Webb said that "15 out of the 20 most polluted cities in the world" are in India and China. He’s close -- 13 are in India, though none are in China. It’s worth pointing out, however, that the top-20 list measures cities with the greatest level of particulate pollution, which is not the same thing as emissions of carbon dioxide, the primary driver of climate change. The statement is accurate but needs clarification and additional information, so we rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/b78a803a-7a52-45a4-beff-8123446f0f36
Statement: For every single illegal immigrant family in this country, it costs $20,000 — it costs us $20,000; $20,000 in infrastructural costs. They pay about $10,000 in taxes.
Speaker: tom tancredo
About the speaker: Tom Tancredo is a former congressman from Colorado who ran unsuccessfully for the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. In 2010, Tancredo ran for governor of Colorado as a member of the Constitution Party and placed second to Democrat and then-Denver Mayor John Hickenlooper.
Date: October 9, 2007
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Detroit
Fact-check justification: The Congressional Research Service reached the same conclusion after reviewing studies in 2005. Its report said information that typically is the basis for cost estimates is not collected, producing estimates based on assumptions and disagreement about accuracy. In the case of illegal immigration, analysts tend to disagree on how many government benefits undocumented workers actually use. "It is very difficult to enumerate a population which is trying to avoid detection by the government," analyst Alison Siskin wrote. Given the lack of information, and dispute over reports we did find, we rule Tancredo's statement .
Statement: California's registered independent voters "will not be able to vote republican come 2020.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 6, 2020
Location: california
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a social media post
Fact-check justification: A resurfaced Facebook post claims California’s registered independents must re-register as Republicans to vote for GOP candidates "come 2020." It also alleges that California came up with this rule "hoping no one figures it out in time."  The first part was correct for the March primary. But it doesn’t apply to California’s November general election, when voters can select the candidate of their choice, no matter their party affiliation.  The second part is . The political parties, not the state, set the rules for participating in presidential primaries.  This post was partially- the first time. Now, the whole thing is . We rated it .   – The statement is not accurate.
Statement: Says Rick Scott cut "Bright Futures scholarships in half.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: July 23, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A Crist TV ad says Scott cut Bright Futures scholarships "in half." Viewers could mistakenly think that Scott cut the dollar amount of scholarships in half -- but he didn’t. Instead, Crist’s campaign zeroed in on the number of scholarships that were distributed last year compared to an estimate for the upcoming school year. While the ad blames Scott, under Crist the Legislature also raised the standards to reduce the number of scholarships awarded. Scott and the Legislature later raised the standards again, which is projected to reduce the number more. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Tim Kaine broke a campaign promise not to raise taxes.
Speaker: republican party of virginia
About the speaker: The Virginia wing of the national Republican Party.
Date: April 18, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a website post
Fact-check justification: Kaine indeed proposed a $1 billion transportation tax increase on his seventh day in office. There’s no  Kaine made a no-tax pledge during the 2005 campaign. To the contrary, Kaine set conditions under which he would seek a tax hike for transportation. Kaine did, however, leave himself open for criticism by compromising those conditions once he got into office. We rate the GOP  .
Statement: She [Hillary Clinton] has also said unequivocally that she didn't receive classified documents.
Speaker: david cicilline
About the speaker: David Cicilline was elected to the 1st Congressional District in 2010. Before that, he was mayor of Providence, beginning in January, 2003. A Brown University graduate, he received his law degree from Georgetown University Law Center.
Date: September 4, 2015
Location: rhode island
Topics: transparency
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: Ten days ago, Cicilline said Hillary Clinton  "has also said unequivocally that she didn't receive classified documents." Cicilline set a high bar for himself when he used the word "unequivocally." Certainly in March she was unequivocal. But the record also shows that since then she has hedged and qualified her remarks, as has been noted in the media. The problem for Cicilline is that the definition of unequivocal doesn’t leave much, if any, wiggle room: Think "clear and having only one possible meaning or interpretation."   Because Cicilline’s statement was accurate in regard to Clinton’s quote from March, but failed to provide the context of Clinton’s subsequent elaborations, the judges rate Cicilline’s  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Says states that passed anti-illegal-immigrant legislation also had few Hispanic legislators.
Speaker: women on the wall
About the speaker: Women on the Wall describes itself as a group of conservative women centered on "building a safe and prosperous Texas for future generations of its children to thrive." Its president is Rebecca Forest, the past president of the Immigration Reform Coalition of Texas.
Date: June 11, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: a Texas Capitol rally
Fact-check justification: We rate Forest’s statement . UPDATE, 3:37 p.m., June 29, 2011 : After we published this article, the NCSL told us the numbers it initially described as up to date were outdated. We've amended our story to reflect the group's state-by-state Hispanic legislator count for 2011 . These changes did not affect the -O-Meter rating.
Statement: The U.S. "only ranks 25th worldwide on defense spending as a percentage of GDP.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: June 30, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;foreign policy;military
Context: a Facebook posting
Fact-check justification: "In absolute dollars, we spend almost as much as all other countries combined," Harrison said. "So saying we are 25th is a bit  and a selective use of facts." We agree. Although she's technically correct, the numbers are wildly skewed by tiny, non-industrialized countries. We find her  .
Statement: Says Joe Biden "will force Americans to pay for abortion — on demand — up to birth.
Speaker: derrick van orden
About the speaker: Retired Navy SEAL, Republican candidate for U.S. House of Representatives.
Date: June 12, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;health care;legal issues
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Van Orden said the president would force Americans to pay for abortion, on demand, up to birth.  While he’s right that Biden’s dropping the Hyde Amendment signaled a desire to use federal funds to pay for abortions, the rest of his statement mischaracterizes Biden’s position and what reversing Hyde would do.  Dropping the Hyde Amendment, already an unlikely scenario, would not change states’ limits on when an abortion could happen and for what reasons abortions later in a pregnancy can be performed, experts say.  Our definition of  is a  that "contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression." That fits here.
Statement: Of the 25 wealthiest nations, we're the only one that doesn't provide basic health coverage.
Speaker: dan gecker
About the speaker: Dan Gecker, a member of the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors, is the 2015 Democratic nominee for the 10th District state Senate seat in Virginia.
Gecker served on the Chesterfield Planning Commission from 2000-2007 and subsequently has been elected to two terms on the Board of Supervisors.
Gecker holds a degree in economics from Princeton University and a law degree from the Marshall-Wythe School of Law at the College of William and Mary. He practiced tax and real estate law for over two decades. Gecker retired from the practice of law in 2004 to manage the tax credit syndication business he founded and to participate in the rehabilitation of historic structures.  
Date: August 18, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: health care
Context: a candidates' forum
Fact-check justification: Gecker said that "of the 25 wealthiest nations, we’re the only one that doesn’t provide basic health coverage." Gecker was referring to rich nations that provide coverage to all of their citizens. We can’t say definitively that the U.S. is the only one that doesn’t provide universal coverage, but  strongly points that way. So we rate his statement .
Statement: The sand storm headed our way is an attempt by Bill Gates to block out the sun.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 11, 2023
Topics: environment;climate change;weather;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook video claimed that Saharan dust clouds reaching the U.S. are part of an attempt by Gates to "block out the sun." Gates has donated to Harvard’s Solar Geoengineering Program, where researchers had planned an experiment to spray aerosols into the stratosphere in Sweden to reflect sunlight, a technology proponents hope can battle global warming. The experiment, which would not "block the sun," was called off in 2021. Saharan dust clouds are a naturally occurring phenomenon that have happened for thousands of years. They can regularly reach the U.S., as far west as Texas, and are common this time of year.  We rate the  . RELATED:   that Bill Gates is scheming to block the sun is    RELATED:  Video of former CIA director is not proof that government is spraying sky with chemicals
Statement: Says Nancy Pelosi has "suspicious ties" to a voting software company that was involved in glitches that favored Joe Biden.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 6, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A blog post linked Pelosi to a company that provides a voting system that favored Biden. Glitches did happen, but beyond that, the argument falls apart. The breakdowns touched three counties, while scores of other counties using the same system had no issues. The problems were caught and corrected. The one instance of flawed tallies had no impact on official results, and the returns came down strongly in Trump’s favor. The link to Pelosi rests on the private company hiring a lobbying firm that assigned Pelosi’s former chief of staff to the company. But the firm also assigned two men with strong Republican credentials. We rate this  . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Ninety-seven percent of Americans do not receive subsidies for health care under the Affordable Care Act.
Speaker: austin scott
About the speaker: Austin Scott is a Republican candidate for Georgia's 8th Congressional District
Date: June 5, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: congress;government regulation;public health;states;guns
Context: press conference
Fact-check justification: U.S. Rep. Austin Scott said 97 percent of Americans don’t receive subsidies for health care under the Affordable Care Act. His numbers are close.   We rate his statement .
Statement: Says out-of-state abortion clinics "have marketed their services to minors" in states with parental consent laws.
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: January 24, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: abortion
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: As Cousins’ clinic in New York told Yellow Page users in Pennsylvania, "No state consents." This is information the clinics wanted patients or potential patients to have, and paid money to help them have it. Whether it was to help persuade them to come in or not, it provided pertinent facts that could help them in their decision-making. It fit the definition of marketing. We rate Portman’s  .