chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Your tellers were paid kickbacks for directing elderly consumers from ... safe deposits to risky ones.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: October 25, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;ethics;financial regulation;legal issues
Context: a CNN/St. Petersburg Times debate
Fact-check justification: But in this case, we're drilling down on what Scott said. He said that Sink's "tellers were paid kickbacks for directing elderly consumers from ... safe deposits to risky ones." While Sink was state president of NationsBank, bank tellers in Florida were being paid a 5 percent commission for directing bank customers to bank-related stock brokers. The stock brokers were then selling riskier investments under the guise that they were protected either by the bank or the federal government. We rate this  is .
Statement: Banks paid Hillary Clinton "over $1 million and are contributing millions more to elect her.
Speaker: future45
About the speaker: Future45 is a conservative political action committee. 
Date: March 8, 2016
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;financial regulation
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: An ad by conservative PAC Future45 said Clinton gave speeches to banks "who paid her over $1 million and are contributing millions more to elect her." Since 2013, Clinton has received about $4 million in speaking fees from the financial sector. And donors from the financial sector have contributed more than $23 million to her campaign and outside spending groups working on her behalf. However, the ad makes it seem like the same Wall Street banks that paid Clinton’s speaking fees are the same ones spending millions on her election, which is not the case. The major Wall Street banks where Clinton spoke have contributed in the hundreds of thousands, not millions. The statement is partially accurate, but it misconstrues some facts as well, so we rate it .
Statement: Congressman Bill Young voted to cut taxes for millionaires and end your Medicare.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: August 20, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget;health care;medicare;taxes
Context: a gas station advertisement
Fact-check justification: The Democrats spread the message that "Congressman Bill Young voted to cut taxes for millionaires and end your Medicare." His vote for a House budget resolution did no such thing: Even if it had passed the Senate, it was a nonbinding blueprint, not a change in tax code or Medicare law. Still, we're willing to accept his vote as advocacy of the plan's main ideas. So did the Ryan plan propose to cut taxes for millionaires and end Medicare? We chatted with Young's spokesman, Harry Glenn, who said Young had this to say about the Democrats' : "In the vernacular of (PolitiFact editor) Bill Adair and PolitiFact, saying that that was a vote to end Medicare is a flat out  lie." It's certainly , but given the Ryan plan's significant reinvention of the program, we wouldn't call it  . On top of that, the Democrats do have a point that the Ryan plan proposed tax cuts for millionaires — even if those cuts wouldn't be at the direct expense of Medicare and even if those cuts would be offset by closing tax loopholes. Balancing the two parts to this , we rate the ad .
Statement: President Biden confirm(ed) everyone will receive their $1k gas checks this week!!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 12, 2022
Topics: energy;stimulus;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A few bills have been introduced that would provide federal rebates to taxpayers, but they were both proposed in March and have not yet made it out of congressional committees. Ten states have approved tax rebate payments, ranging from $75 in Idado to $850 in Maine, and six other states are considering similar measures, according to Forbes Advisor . Other states have had a gas tax holiday . Congressional Democrats have been trying to garner support for a bill that would give the Federal Trade Commission more power to combat price gouging for gas, but it remains to be seen if the legislation will have the necessary support. We rate the  that the federal government will send $1,000 checks for gas price relief .
Statement: Every day in the United States, we are losing 15 factories.
Speaker: betty sutton
About the speaker: Rep. Betty Sutton is a Democrat from Ohio's 13th Congressional District.
Date: October 25, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs;taxes
Context: the House of Representatives
Fact-check justification: "It was a good, comprehensive figure that really showed the depth of our manufacturing crisis in this country and the simple fact that we are losing so many factories and so many jobs every single day over a long period of time," DeAngelo said. It’s worth noting that manufacturing is just one segment of the economy, and that other sectors are adding jobs. For example, the Bureau of Labor statistics employment situation summary for September 2011 showed gains in the health care and professional and business services sectors. Still, a BLS publication called Monthly Labor Review found that manufacturing was one of the hardest hit employment sectors during the last recession, with losses concentrated in the transportation equipment, fabricated metal, machinery, wood product and furniture industries. On the -O-Meter, Sutton’s  rates .
Statement: Georgia's illegal-immigration legislation "simply follows existing federal law.
Speaker: jack murphy
About the speaker: Jack Murphy, a Republican, is a state senator from Georgia.
Date: June 27, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: "Georgia has a lot more definition," said Cerda, now a partner in the Washington, D.C., office of the law firm Jackson Lewis, which specializes in workplace law. So let’s go back to Murphy’s argument that HB 87 "simply follows existing federal law." In the area of penalties, which are easier to measure, Georgia’s bill is less in some areas and potentially greater in other areas. The legislation addresses the same issues as federal law, but there are some differences where Georgia does more than simply follow federal law, such as Cerda’s point on affidavits and the language in Georgia’s bill concerning "inducing" illegal immigration here from another state. Since Murphy’s statement does not consider those distinctions, we rate his  as .
Statement: Trump has been reinstated.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 26, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The same Facebook account posted another video on the same day with a conflicting title that claimed, wrongly, that "the real Biden is gone" and "Trump will be reinstated." Former President Donald Trump refused to concede defeat, but he left office after President Joe Biden won the presidential election and was inaugurated on Jan. 20.   There is nothing to support the  that Trump is actually in power. Biden, meanwhile, has signed executive orders, made public addresses, given interviews to reporters and, recently, participated in a town hall on CNN .   We rate this post .
Statement: A Texas energy company billed a customer more than $200,000.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 18, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: energy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "We are aware of a recent technical issue caused by the power outage in Houston which led to the issuance of  natural gas bill e-mails to some customers," the company tweeted on Feb. 18. "If you have received an e-mail in the amount of $202,102.16, please disregard it. You do not owe this amount." The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate this post .
Statement: We have lost over $1 billion in not taking the Medicaid expansion money, only to insure fewer people.
Speaker: gwen moore
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore is a Democratic member of Congress, representing Wisconsin's 4th District, which primarily includes Milwaukee. Moore, who served in the state Legislature from 1989 to 2004, was elected to Congress in 2004.
Date: November 8, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;medicaid;medicare;public health
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: That figure is based on an estimate that runs through 2019, so the actual funds missed have not yet topped $1 billion, though they’re not far off. And it’s not quite right to say Wisconsin "lost" the money — it just spent that much more due to not receiving federal funds. Meanwhile, a state study confirmed that fewer people were being insured after the 2014 decision. And to add additional support, it’s clear more people would be covered if Governor-elect Evers were to accept a Medicaid expansion in the future. We rate Moore’s  .
Statement: China produces 90% of the world's carbon emissions pollution.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 26, 2019
Topics: environment;china;facebook fact-checks
Context: an image on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Thunberg and Soros have been used in multiple  posts. We debunked this one that said Thunberg posed with Soros and ISIS . AFP Fact-Check rated the same  about China and found it . We found no  that China produces 90% of the world’s carbon emissions. This statement rates .
Statement: Say David Hogg is a crisis actor.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 21, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: guns
Context: multiple posts and blogs on the Internet
Fact-check justification: Conspiracy-minded websites are claiming Stoneman Douglas High students are crisis actors hired to stir up controversy. Not only is there no credible  to support this , plenty of  contradicts it entirely. The school district has confirmed that the targeted students are, in fact, students. Broward County Schools Superintendent Robert Runcie and Stoneman High students on Twitter have confirmed that Hogg is a senior at Stoneman Douglas, not a crisis actor. We rate this  !
Statement: Ron DeSantis wants to raise the retirement age to 70.
Speaker: desantis watch
About the speaker: DeSantis Watch is an accountability project of left-leaning research organizations Progress Florida and Florida Watch.
Date: March 4, 2023
Location: florida
Topics: congress;medicare;social security
Context: a digital advertisement
Fact-check justification: When he was in the House, DeSantis voted for a 2013 budget resolution that proposed raising the Social Security retirement age to 70. At the time, DeSantis said he wanted to make the programs "financially sustainable" for younger generations. More than a decade later, and ahead of a possible GOP presidential primary, DeSantis walked back that stance, telling Fox News in early March that he would not "mess with" entitlement programs like Social Security and Medicare.   The ad contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Studies are showing California's wildfires "are producing more emissions than all of our cars are doing.
Speaker: kevin mccarthy
About the speaker: Kevin McCarthy, who was first elected in 2006, is a Republican member of Congress representing a district in California. McCarthy was elected as House Speaker in January 2023.
Date: August 15, 2018
Location: california
Topics: environment;climate change;corrections and updates;fires;government regulation;public health;regulation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy recently claimed "because of these fires, there are studies that are showing they are producing more emissions than all of our cars are doing." Wildfires produce more of one key pollutant, particulate matter, than cars, both in California and nationwide. But that’s all. McCarthy cherry-picked this one category and ignored the fact that cars produce far more greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide, than fires. We rate McCarthy’s  .   – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. CORRECTION: This article has been corrected to show Mike Kleeman is a professor at UC Davis, not at UC Berkeley.
Statement: Monkeypox is biological warfare "against us by our governments.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 21, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The first U.S. case was reported in Massachusetts, and "sequence data" the CDC has from that case "matches the sequence data" from a case in Portugal, which shows that "they are very closely linked to the viruses that we've seen out of West Africa," McQuiston said.   "We know that close personal contact can spread monkeypox," she added. "So all signs point to this being an outbreak associated with person-to-person spread." There’s no  to support the  that these outbreaks are biological warfare against citizens by their own governments.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says Dan Forest has "missed almost half of the Board of Education meetings during the pandemic.
Speaker: roy cooper
About the speaker: Roy Cooper, a Democrat, is the governor of North Carolina. Previously he was the attorney general, a state senator and a state representative.
Date: October 14, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: education;coronavirus
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Cooper said Forest has "missed almost half of the board of education meetings during the pandemic." We’re not here to say whether or not Forest should have attended the meetings. However, we can say whether Cooper’s stat is correct. The state Department of Instruction says Forest has missed 13 of 28 meetings since the pandemic started. That means he’s missed 46% of the meetings.  That’s close enough to "half" for us. We rate Cooper’s  is .
Statement: Says "over the last 48 years, every governor at the midterm of his first term or her first term has lost seats in the Legislature, with the exception of Jim McGreevey in 2003.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: October 26, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: elections;history;redistricting
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Christie said for more than 48 years, every governor of New Jersey has lost legislative seats at the midterm of his or her first term, with the exception of McGreevey in 2003. Besides McGreevey, you have to go back to the the 1950s to find a governor who has picked up legislative seats from his or her party in the first midterm election. We rate Christie’s statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Virginia ranked near the bottom of the nation 50 years ago in per capita income but is in the top 10 today. It had a "very low" rate of higher education attainment but is now above the national average.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: April 21, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: education
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: ," Virginia was closer to the middle than the bottom. On higher education attainment, Virginia 50 years ago outpaced the national average and most other states in the percentage of its residents earning a bachelor’s degree or higher. So Kaine’s statement that the state had a "very low" rate of higher education attainment 50 years doesn’t pan out. Kaine was right about the present,  about the past. Putting the parts together, we rate his  .
Statement: Providence has "amongst the highest tax rate(s) in the entire country.
Speaker: anthony gemma
About the speaker: Anthony Gemma is the former president and CEO of Gem Plumbing who ran unsuccessfully for Congress in the 1st District in 2010 and in 2012. He headed up his family's company from 2001 to 2008 when he left to start Mediapeel, a marketing firm. Gemma is also the co-founder and president of the Gloria Gemma Breast Cancer Resource Foundation.
Date: September 4, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: taxes
Context: a candidates debate
Fact-check justification: 1st District Democratic congressional candidate Anthony Gemma said during a radio debate last week that Providence’s taxes are "amongst" the highest in the country. The word "amongst" by definition implies a generality, and the apparent lack of any specific city by city studies make comparing Providence’s tax rates difficult. Still, several studies indicate that there is a high tax cost associated with living and doing business in Providence. They all generally support Gemma’s  but none of them is exactly on point. Therefore because the statement would need "additional information" for further verification, we rate it  (Get updates from PolitiFact Rhode Island on Twitter: @politifactri . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Every month since 9/11, there have been as many suicide attacks against the United States and its allies as there were in all the years leading up to 9/11.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: September 30, 2011
Location: national
Topics: homeland security;military;new hampshire 2012;terrorism
Context: Manchester, N.H
Fact-check justification: : Whether Paul meant al-Qaeda suicide attacks only, or all groups who have executed suicide campaigns against the U.S. and its allies, was unclear. Either way, the number of suicide attacks against the U.S. and its allies since 9/11 is not "equivalent" to the total before 9/11. The average number each month is actually greater than the total number that predated that day, so Paul is actually understating the magnitude. And the data support his underlying point that the number of attacks since Sept. 11, 2011, has grown. We rate Paul's  .
Statement: Says President Donald Trump is "waging a trade war against WI farmers -- forcing > 1600 dairy farms to close.
Speaker: mark pocan
About the speaker: Mark Pocan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2nd Congressional District on Nov. 6, 2012. He is from Madison and previously served as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin state Assembly. 
Date: December 2, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: trade
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trade wars certainly haven’t helped, and accordingly farm closures have increased under Trump. But it’s not reasonable to attribute all the closures to Trump and trade tension when this trend dates back more than a decade. Milk prices, over-production and changing consumer demand have all played key roles in devastating the dairyland economy and shuttering Wisconsin farms. Pocan’s  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That’s what we call .
Statement: Detroit spent $294 million on police last year, and $9 million on health.
Speaker: rashida tlaib
About the speaker: Rep. Rashida Tlaib is a congresswoman representing Michigan's 13th Congressional District. Her district includes Detroit, where was born and raised by Palestinian immigrant parents. Tlaib was elected in 2018 after working as an attorney and state representative. She is one of the two first Muslim women to serve in Congress, as well as the first Palestinian-American woman.
Date: June 4, 2020
Location: michigan
Topics: health care;public health
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Tlaib said , "Detroit spent $294 million on police last year, and $9 million on health."  The statement roughly reflects what Detroit’s Police and Health departments spent from the city’s general fund, but it does not represent what the departments spent in total in 2019 (about $316 million on police and about $35.8 million on health). The figure also does not fully reflect the significant contributions made by federal, state and county governments toward healthcare programs serving Detroiters.  Tlaib’s statement provides just one illustration of the gap in funding and looks exclusively at police and health department expenditures from the city's general fund, where the gap in spending is about $286 million.  But taking into accounting other funding sources, the disparity between police and health spending is still large, about $280.6 million.  We rate the statement is .  Clara Hendrickson fact-checks Michigan issues and politics as a corps member with Report for America, an initiative of The GroundTruth Project. Contact Clara at [email protected] or 313-296-5743 for comments or to suggest a fact-check.
Statement: Joe Biden and Kamala Harris "continuously questioned the vaccine during the campaign" but now "they support vaccine cards and forced vaccinations.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 15, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claims that Biden and Harris "continuously questioned the vaccine during the campaign," but now "they support vaccine cards and forced vaccinations." Biden and Harris questioned whether Trump would roll out COVID-19 vaccines safely. They did not question the vaccines themselves. Biden says he supports requirements for showing proof of vaccination to enter certain places, but does not back vaccine passports. The Biden administration supports requiring some people, such as members of the military and VA hospital workers, to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The Instagram post contains an element of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .