chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: When you add a dollar value to mandates," government took almost 50 percent "of the American people's money.
Speaker: larry elder
About the speaker: Larry Elder announced April 20 that he is running as a Republican for president. He lost the California gubernatorial recall election in 2021 and is a conservative radio talk show host.
Date: November 4, 2013
Topics: federal budget;regulation;taxes;punditfact
Context: CNN's "Crossfire" roundtable
Fact-check justification: Elder said, "When you add a dollar value to mandates," government took almost 50 percent "of the American people’s money." It’s easy to get to the mid-to-high 30 percent range. But getting the last 10 to 15 percentage points to get to "almost 50 percent" is less certain. Regulation does have a cost, but the exact cost is hard to pin down. Because his larger point -- that government spending has increased, and that mandates have a cost -- is valid, we rate the  .
Statement: An HIV-positive Cadbury worker has been arrested after contaminating products with his blood.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 28, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Posts on social media  that Cadbury candy products are contaminated after an HIV-positive worker was arrested for infecting the products with his blood. This rumor has been going around for over a year, and is completely bogus. The man in the photo is a Nigerian terrorist and there is no  that Cadbury products have ever been contaminated with the virus. We rate this !
Statement: 90% of Americans want national background checks that close loopholes.
Speaker: jeremy bird
About the speaker: Jeremy Bird, a founding partner of 270 Strategies, also is a senior consultant to Battleground Texas, a group hel helped form that's focused on turning Texas pro-Democratic.
Date: October 2, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: criminal justice;crime;government regulation;guns
Context: a tweet after the shootings at an Oregon community college
Fact-check justification: Bird said: "90% of Americans want national background checks that close loopholes." Polls continue to show a strong tilt in favor of background checks prior to all gun purchases; the latest available poll before Bird spoke found 93 percent of adults in favor. Then again, the popularity of this idea may bear watching. Other 2015 polls found as few as 84 percent of respondents backing the universal checks. We rate the  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Scott Walker refused federal funds and "Wisconsin families now pay nearly 50% more than Minnesotans for the same health care.
Speaker: tony evers
About the speaker: Tony Evers, a Democrat, was elected Wisconsin governor in November 2018. His term begins in January 2019. Evers has served as the Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction, a non-partisan position, since 2009. He previously worked as a teacher and school district administrator.
Date: August 27, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;medicaid
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Experts say that’s not correct. Several other policies and market dynamics play a more significant role than Medicaid in determining premiums. Furthermore, differences in the health insurance markets between Wisconsin and Minnesota make simplistic comparisons between the states unreasonable. The ad contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That’s our definition of .
Statement: Says the federal government hosted a conference and "ordered 250 muffins at 16 bucks a piece.
Speaker: bill o'reilly
About the speaker: Bill O'Reilly hosted The O'Reilly Factor on Fox News until 2017. He formerly worked as a television news reporter and has authored numerous books.
Date: September 28, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;pundits
Context: an interview on "The Daily Show"
Fact-check justification: O’Reilly got the $16 muffin story from a lengthy and thorough report issued by an independent inspector general. Additionally, the "$16 muffin" is how the inspector general phrased its charge of excessive spending. We reviewed the long report, and it seems to be thorough and independent, as are most reports from inspectors general. The report’s main findings are that the government is paying for items that appear too costly when invoices are reviewed. Even if the $16 muffin is fiction, then it seems reasonable to believe that the Justice Department’s own spending records are incomplete or . On the other hand, a full reading of the report showed the $16 muffins included beverages and possibly fruit, as well as meeting space. While a $16 breakfast is no bargain, it’s not as bad as $16 for a solitary baked good. Also, O’Reilly made his remarks to Jon Stewart on Sept. 28, after Hilton issued its first statement on Sept. 23 saying the invoices may not have been complete. So the report was under question when O’Reilly debated Stewart. (We contacted O’Reilly for comment, but we didn’t hear back.) Because the federal government didn't pay $16 for a muffin even if it paid too much for breakfast, we rate O’Reilly’s statement .
Statement: Smog was invented in Los Angeles. It was. The name was invented. There was a fellow at Caltech and he came up with the idea and they called it smog.
Speaker: jerry brown
About the speaker: Jerry Brown is the governor of California. A Democrat, he earlier served as governor of California from 1975 to 1983.
Date: October 7, 2015
Location: california
Topics: climate change;energy;transportation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Gov. Jerry Brown said: "Smog was invented in Los Angeles. It was. The name was invented. There was a fellow at Caltech and he came up with the idea and they called it smog." A look at historical sources shows the term smog dates back more than a century. It was coined by a London doctor to refer to the smoky black air that fouled Great Britain during its industrial period. Brown’s statement ignores this history, viewing smog’s origin with only a California lens. But looking deeper, a gradual shift in the term’s meaning took place in the 1940s and 1950s as scientists, including Caltech professor Arie Haagen-Smit, studied the cause of Los Angeles’ persistent and foul brown haze. In his statement, the governor references Haagen-Smit, who is credited as the first to prove L.A.’s smog was caused by automobile exhaust, and who at least one current Caltech professor says is "often described as inventing smog." The governor’s statement, while fuzzy at first glance, is partially accurate. But it leaves out important details and takes information out of context. We rate the  .
Statement: Wild Bill Hickok had his first duel in the town square here. And the family legend is that he is a distant cousin of mine.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 30, 2008
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: Springfield, Mo
Fact-check justification: The story was that he was holding two pairs, aces and eights — hence the term "dead man's hand" still used today. The relation to "Wild Bill" Hickok is way cooler than the revelations earlier this year that Obama is distantly related to none other than vice president Dick Cheney. Undoubtedly, Obama took a lot of ribbing over that. Maybe those jokesters ought to sleep with one eye open because Obama's "family legend" is correct. We rule the statement .
Statement: Says HB2 has hurt North Carolina's economy by "one-tenth of 1 percent of our annual GDP.
Speaker: dan forest
About the speaker: Dan Forest is North Carolina's Lieutenant Governor.
Date: March 6, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: economy;jobs;lgbtq;states
Context: Texas
Fact-check justification: Forest said HB2’s economic harm to North Carolina has amounted to only "one-tenth of 1 percent of our annual GDP." He’s right. While $500 million in economic losses (not to mention at least 1,400 jobs lost) is not insignificant, the state’s overall economy is large enough that the losses are only about 0.1 percent of the total GDP. We rate this  .
Statement: Chief Justice John Roberts visited Jeffrey Epstein's private island.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 17, 2020
Topics: supreme court;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Other fact-checkers noted that after the logs came out, Fox News White House correspondent John Roberts also denied any connection to Epstein on Twitter . PolitiFact searched Google and Nexis and found no credible reports indicating that the chief justice was friends with Epstein. Other fact-checkers reached the same conclusion. We reached out to Wood and the Supreme Court’s public information office, but we did not hear back. We rate these Facebook posts .
Statement: Says the national health care law puts federal "bureaucrats between an American citizen and her doctor.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: August 28, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: health care
Context: Tampa
Fact-check justification: Christie said Romney will be able to tell the hard truths necessary to end the debacle of putting federal "bureaucrats between an American citizen and her doctor." We found no solid  to support Christie’s sweeping , which overreaches on the role of the federal government under the new law. With the reform, the private health care delivery system remains in place. While there are significant changes to the health insurance market and incentives and penalties to promote better care, that doesn’t mean the government is inserting itself in between doctors and patients. We rate this statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/53b2a47e-a962-45e1-adcf-140275b44bec
Statement: Ken Mercer "wants Sean Hannity and James Dobson included in social studies texts.
Speaker: rebecca bell-metereau
About the speaker: Rebecca Bell-Metereau is a professor at Texas State University in San Marcos, Texas. She ran for the Texas State Board of Education in 2010.
Date: August 9, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: a campaign flier
Fact-check justification: He said a separate requirement wasn't needed because liberal groups were already well represented. As to Bell-Metereau's statement, she's correct that Mercer spoke about adding Hannity and Dobson to the state's social studies curriculum standards -- although Mercer says the comment was intended to make a point about preserving ideological balance. Sorting who provoked what in that exchange is beyond us; that's between Mercer and the reporter. And although judging someone's wants is difficult, we find it significant and persuasive that neither Mercer nor other board members made a motion to include Dobson and Hannity in the standards, meaning there's been no push thus far to include them in textbooks. That earns Bell-Metereau a rating of .
Statement: Tammy Baldwin cosponsored legislation that wanted to establish the Department of Peace and Nonviolence.
Speaker: kevin nicholson
About the speaker: Republican Kevin Nicholson, a former Marine, announced in July 2017 that he would run in 2018 for the seat held by U.S. Sen. Tammy Baldwin, D-Wis. He is a business consultant who lives in Delafield, Wis.
Date: May 4, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;foreign policy;military
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Touting her vote for the 2018 National Defense Authorization Act, saying it strengthens national security. Our rating Nicholson says Baldwin "cosponsored legislation that wanted to establish the Department of Peace and Nonviolence." Baldwin did cosponsor, as a member of the House before joining the Senate, the 2007, 2009 and 2011 versions of those bills, which did not become law. But it’s important to note, in terms of Nicholson’s suggestion that the cosponsorships were Baldwin’s answer to national security problems, that Baldwin has supported some defense-spending measures, as well. We rate Nicholson’s statement .
Statement: 1 in 4 Rhode Islanders under the age of 65 does not have health insurance.
Speaker: frank caprio
About the speaker: Frank T. Caprio Jr. served as Rhode Island's general treasurer from 2007 through 2010. He ran an unsuccessful campaign for governor in 2010 and ran for treasurer again in 2014, losing in the Democratic primary. Prior to that, he served as a state senator from 1995-2006 and as a state representative from 1991 to 1994. He is married and has two children.
Date: August 26, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: health care
Context: his campaign website
Fact-check justification: If you think we’re being too fussy, consider that the Mathematica study estimates that 140,000 Rhode Islanders have no health insurance. Use Caprio’s estimate and that number jumps to more than 220,000 people. That’s a difference of more than 80,000, about the size of the population of Cranston. Small percentage differences matter. Because Koller and other officials can’t say with absolute certainty just how many Rhode Islanders are uninsured, we’ll give Caprio a bit of leeway and call his statement .
Statement: In Jeanne Shaheen, New Hampshire has a Senator who was the deciding vote to pass Obamacare.
Speaker: jim rubens
About the speaker: Jim Rubens is a two-term Republican State Senator who served as the chair of the Public Affairs and Education committees. He was Board President of Headrest, a substance abuse program and suicide prevention hotline serving northern New England. He is a private venture investor, focusing on New England start-ups in proprietary technology and healthcare solutions. He has lived with his family in Hanover, New Hampshire since 1980.
Date: November 4, 2013
Location: new hampshire
Topics: health care;voting record
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: Rubens said Shaheen was "the deciding vote to pass Obamacare." It’s  that all 60 Democratic votes -- including Shaheen’s -- were needed to pass the measure through the Senate. However, Shaheen, unlike Ben Nelson, was hardly a holdout until the last minute; she gave indications early on that she supported the president’s reform plan. We rate Rubens’  .
Statement: Simply being in this country without documentation is not a crime
Speaker: kathy sheehan
About the speaker: Kathy Sheehan is a Democrat serving as mayor of Albany, N.Y. She was first elected in 2013.
Date: November 16, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview on Tucker Carlson Tonight
Fact-check justification: Sheehan said "simply being in this country without documentation is not a crime." It may be semantics, but Sheehan is right. Living in the U.S. without documentation is a civil violation, not a crime. PolitiFact Florida rated a similar   earlier this year. As its fact check noted, however, those in the U.S. without documentation may have committed a crime by entering the country illegally. Mark Krikorian, executive director of the Center for Immigration Studies, a group that generally opposes loosening immigration laws, told PolitiFact Florida that "it's easy for such individuals to run into separate criminal problems even beyond their method of entry, such as filling out an employment eligibility form to get a job when they aren’t eligible to work." But their illegal presence is not a crime. Sheehan's statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Says Gov. Chris Christie "cut spending (by) $1 billion" and provided "$850 million in new education funding.
Speaker: committee for our children's future
About the speaker: Committee for Our Children's Future, a nonprofit group known as a 501(c)4, launched a television campaign in September 2011 to tout the reform efforts of Gov. Chris Christie.
Date: September 20, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: A television ad from a pro-Christie group claims the governor "cut spending (by) $1 billion" and provided "$850 million in new education funding." Those numbers are accurate, but when it comes to the education funding, Committee for Our Children’s Future must think New Jerseyans only have short-term memory. Given the cuts made last year, education funding has gone up by a total of about $30 million since Christie’s first budget in office. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: The bulk of the problem with the opioid epidemic is the fentanyl and all the synthetic drugs coming across the southern border.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: June 2, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: drugs
Context: during a BBQ
Fact-check justification: DeSantis said, "The bulk of the problem with the opioid epidemic is the fentanyl and all the synthetic drugs coming across the southern border." This  downplays the fact that synthetic drugs are smuggled into the country from locations outside of the southern border, especially from China. However, exact numbers to sort out how much comes from where were unavailable. Trump’s own commission seemed more concerned with China than Mexico when it comes to synthetic drugs.  We rate the statement .
Statement: Neil Armstrong's space boots don't match a photo of his footprint on the moon, suggesting the moon landing was a hoax.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 23, 2019
Topics: science;space;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: According to a 2017 Forbes story , Armstrong and Aldrin abandoned about 100 tools, gear and pieces of trash on the moon’s surface. "NASA wanted the mission to bring back as many samples of lunar rocks and dust as possible," the story says, "which meant the crew needed to leave behind everything they didn’t actually need for the trip back to earth." Moon landing conspiracy theories endure, but so do the first footprints on the moon’s surface. There’s no wind to blow them away, according to NASA , and they’ll be there for a million years. We rate this Facebook post as .
Statement: There are nanoparticles in the COVID-19 vaccine that will help people "locate you" via 5G networks.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 9, 2021
Topics: public health;technology;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a video on Facebook
Fact-check justification: The term "nanoparticles" refers to the small size of a material. The nanoparticles used in the COVID-19 vaccines are lipids. They have nothing to do with microchip technology or 5G networks. There is no  the vaccines contain any material that would allow someone who has been vaccinated to be "located" using 5G.    We rate this  !
Statement: After California taxes, Trey Lance's $34.1M rookie deal becomes just $16M.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 3, 2021
Location: california
Topics: sports;taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An image posted on Instagram claimed that rookie quarterback Trey Lance, who recently signed to the San Francisco 49ers, will take home $16 million from his $34.1 million deal after paying California income taxes. Given current tax rates, this seems to be a reasonable estimate of how much Lance might take home after paying federal and state income taxes on his contract with the NFL. He will pay significantly more in federal income taxes than in state income taxes — about $12.6 million compared to an estimated $4.5 million. Additionally, tax experts caution that it is impossible to determine exactly how much Lance will pay in taxes because his tax burden will be impacted by when he earns his income, his filing status and his charitable contributions, among other personal factors. Lance could also establish endorsement deals that increase his income, which would affect his taxes. Since his contract with the 49ers runs for four years, he could be impacted by changes to state and federal tax rates and laws surrounding tax breaks and deductions. And while Lance will almost certainly pay more in state income taxes than some of his competitors in low-cost states, they’ll be hit with the same high tax rates every time they travel to face off against the 49ers in Santa Clara. In short, while the estimate is reasonable, it’s also exactly that — a rough estimate that’s missing a little context. Therefore, we rate this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context.
Statement: The state is able to sharply curtail contract bargaining rights for state employee unions.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: December 7, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs;labor;state budget
Context: a luncheon speech at the Milwaukee Press Club
Fact-check justification: All that remains to be seen. Where does that leave us right now? In his response to a question, Walker misused the phrase "decertify" -- he can’t make state employees unions vanish. But labor experts agree with the central part of Walker’s statement -- the Legislature could rewrite the laws governing what issues are subject to negotiation, which could tilt the bargaining table in the administration’s favor. We rate Walker’s statement .