chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: 70 million Americans have a criminal record — that's one in three adults.
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: July 18, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: criminal justice;jobs
Context: an article on LinkedIn
Fact-check justification: Cuomo said "70 million Americans have a criminal record — that’s one in three adults." By the FBI definition, that is correct. But the term ‘criminal record’ is ambiguous, and the FBI definition is different from the common-sense definition. His  may have been interpreted by some to mean one-third of adults have a criminal conviction. That’s not . His statement leaves out how he defines criminal record, an important detail. We rate it .
Statement: There's at least 7,500 addicted gamblers in Rhode Island, at least, … it could be as high as 22,000.
Speaker: eugene mckenna
About the speaker: The Rev. Eugene J. McKenna is president of Citizens Concerned About Casino Gambling, a Rhode Island group that opposes allowing casinos in the state. He was pastor of St. Lucy's Church in Middletown from 1983 to 2008. He is now pastor emeritus of the church and lives in South Kingstown.
Date: September 13, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: gambling
Context: a forum on casino gambling
Fact-check justification: Our Ruling The Rev. Eugene J. McKenna said that, based on rates found in national and international studies, there are between 7,500 and 22,500 adult gambling addicts in Rhode Island. Father McKenna accurately cited estimates by Breen, the Rhode Island Hospital doctor who treats problem gamblers. He, in turn, was citing ranges found in decades of research in North America. However, neither made it clear that those ranges covered a spectrum of problem gamblers, not all of whom are gambling addicts. Because the statement is accurate, but needs clarification, or additional information, we find it .
Statement: Says a Washington Post reporter who broke news on Judge Roy Moore story has a criminal history of "faking.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 10, 2017
Location: national
Topics: fake news;crime
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A 100percentfedup.com blog post said McCrummen "has a criminal history of ‘faking.’ " The faking, here, isn’t really faking at all -- and certainly not in a way that would question the veracity of this report. The reporter in question wrote a bounced check while in college in 1992 for $6.93. The reporter paid back the money and a $50 fee. Case closed. We rate this statement .
Statement: In 2000, "I wrote about Osama bin Laden, 'We've got to take him out.'
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: December 2, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: terrorism
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump claims that in early 2000, almost two years before the Sept. 11 attacks, "I wrote about Osama bin Laden: ‘We’ve got to take him out.’" Trump’s book did not contain those words or their clear likeness. Bin Laden’s name appears once in the book, when the author was criticizing the Clinton administration for having an unfocused national security policy. He complained that the U.S. kept shifting its military focus between Iraq, bin Laden’s organization and Kosovo without strong results. The book says that if bin Laden was "public enemy number one" in 1998, then the U.S. should have spent more than one day that year on a retaliatory bombing mission against his camps that  bin Laden escaped. But Trump, never known for mincing words, did not call for future efforts to exterminate bin Laden or strike against al-Qaida. So we rate Trump’s hyperbolic statement .
Statement: I have always condemned … any of these white supremacists or bigots or anything like that.
Speaker: corey stewart
About the speaker: Corey Stewart, a Republican, is the chairman of the Prince William County's board of supervisors. He was elected to the board in 2003 to represent the Occoquan district. Then he won a special election in 2006 to become chairman. He was elected to four-year terms in 2007 and 2011.   
Stewart ran an unsuccessful campaign for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor in 2013.
Stewart was born in Minnesota. He graduated from Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., and earned a law degree from William Mitchell College of Law, St. Paul, Minn. He works as an international trade attorney in private practice.
Date: June 13, 2018
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;ethics;religion
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Stewart told Cuomo that he has "always condemned … any of these white supremacists or bigots or anything like that." Over the last several years, Stewart developed public relationships with Nehlen, Kessler and Hines. Although Stewart has distanced himself from Nehlen and Kessler during his campaign for the Senate, he has not always condemned their beliefs. It was only in the face of mounting public pressure that he spoke out against them, and even then it took him some time. We rate Stewart’s statement . Clarification:  This fact-check has been updated to more precisely refer to a previous Nehlen tweet. Our ruling remains the same. Correction:  A previous version of this fact-check incorrectly said Stewart's donation to the Paul Nehlen Group occurred after Nehlen had been removed from Twitter. The donation occurred in May 2017, and Nehlen was removed in February 2018. Our ruling remains the same.
Statement: Currently, it takes up to 25 years to obtain U.S. citizenship legally" but the Senate bill "would allow immigrants who came to the United States illegally to obtain citizenship in just 13 years.
Speaker: jim sensenbrenner
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner, R-Wis., has served in Congress since 1979. He represents a district covering Milwaukee suburbs.
Date: July 1, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration
Context: an op-ed article
Fact-check justification: But, there is still a group of people who already have waited decades to get here who would see that undocumented residents are on a 13-year path, albeit one that has many hurdles. Our rating Sensenbrenner said it currently takes up to 25 years to obtain U.S. citizenship legally, but the Senate bill "would allow immigrants who came to the United States illegally to obtain citizenship in just 13 years." He’s right for a large group of would-be Americans who wait for 20 or more years to get in and then become citizens. But many others experience much shorter waits, and Sensenbrenner muddies the comparison by omitting the fact that, going forward if the Senate bill became law, wait times are expected to drop. We rate his  .
Statement: In Tripoli, "jihadists today swim in our embassy pool.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: September 4, 2014
Location: national
Topics: islam;foreign policy;terrorism
Context: an op-ed for Time magazine
Fact-check justification: Paul said that in Tripoli, "jihadists today swim in our embassy pool." The  stems from a video that shows members of the Dawn of Libya militia group diving into a pool. However, it has emerged that the pool wasn’t at the U.S. embassy, but rather at a residential annex a half-mile away. More critically, labeling the people in the video as "jihadists" is, at best, an exaggeration. The group in charge is a militia organization that is fighting a political and regional war, but it has rebuffed alliances with terrorist organizations. Reports from Tripoli suggest that the group has left the property largely intact, and U.S. officials have said the compound "remains secure." The average listener would not get that more nuanced impression from Paul’s comments, so we rate the  .
Statement: Michigan's Proposal 2 "will permanently put in the Constitution that you never have to show an ID to vote ever again.
Speaker: ted nugent
About the speaker: Ted Nugent, who lives near Waco, performed after Gov. Rick Perry's 2007 inauguration. He is an ardent supporter of Second Amendment gun rights. In 2014, he stumped with Texan Greg Abbott for governor and chaired Republican Sid Miller's campaign for state agriculture commissioner.
Date: September 20, 2022
Location: michigan
Topics: elections;voter id laws
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Nugent claimed that Proposal 2 on Michigan voters’ ballots "will permanently put in the Constitution that you never have to show an ID to vote ever again." Michigan voters have been required to show picture identification or sign a sworn affidavit verifying their identity since 2007. Poll workers ask to see photo IDs before giving voters their ballots, and the vast majority of Michigan voters show their IDs when voting. A tiny percentage of voters sign affidavits to cast their ballots. If Proposal 2 passes, it will put these existing procedures into the state constitution. It won’t change existing voter ID requirements. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  . RELATED: As extremes shape voter ID debate, the rules keep getting stricter
Statement: Instead of two for one, we have cut 22 burdensome regulations for everyone new rule.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 26, 2018
Location: national
Topics: government regulation;regulation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Instead of two for one, we have cut 22 burdensome regulations for every one new rule." The Trump administration counted only regulatory actions that were deemed economically significant. Without the same stipulation for deregulatory actions, the ratio compares apples to oranges. Trump has repealed five economically significant regulatory actions to three economically significant new regulations, according our search of the Office of Management and Budget database. The American Action Forum found he repealed nine regulations for the five he imposed. Using comparable units, Trump’s  overestimates his deregulatory accomplishments. By two measures, it’s actually a little less than two for one. We rate this statement .
Statement: There have even been Republican congressmen who have said, 'If you give us more money we don't know where we would even put additional Border Patrol agents.'
Speaker: craig melvin
About the speaker: Craig Melvin is an NBC News correspondent and MSNBC host. He is from South Carolina and now resides in Connecticut.
Date: January 5, 2015
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: an MSNBC segment
Fact-check justification: Melvin said, "There have even been Republican congressmen who have said, ‘If you give us more money we don't know where we would even put additional Border Patrol agents.’ " Melvin got his information from an interview he conducted with a Democratic congressman who quoted two Texas Republicans as saying as much. But there is no public record of the two Texas Republicans, Reps. Carter and Johnson, saying remarks along those lines that we could find. While it may have transpired behind closed doors, we have no  that it did. What we do know is that both Texas congressmen have more recently advocated for additional border patrol agents, a fact that neither Yarmuth or Melvin mentioned. For Melvin, he accurately recounted what he heard. But in this game of telephone, all we get is a busy signal at the other end. Because of a lack of , and the public comments of Carter and Johnson, we rate this  . Help fund PolitiFact's Kickstarter to live fact-check the 2015 State of the Union and GOP response.
Statement: Says Republican U.S. Senate candidate Tommy Thompson "supports massive tax cuts for corporations that outsource Wisconsin jobs.
Speaker:  afscme
About the speaker: AFSCME, the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, is the largest public employee and health care workers union in the United States.
Date: September 4, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;jobs;message machine 2012;taxes
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Despite the confusing use of "outsourcing," the  is partly on target, in that Thompson would completely exempt from taxation U.S. companies’ profits from overseas operations under certain conditions. There are two important caveats here. Researchers differ on whether U.S. employment would decline under this "territorial" tax approach, with some arguing that businesses would invest more at home as a result of the tax break. And part of Thompson’s plan provides incentives that could convince companies to bring profits back home. This rates a .
Statement: The Trump Administration promised 27 million tests by the end of March. As of now, only 4 million have been completed.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: April 21, 2020
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Biden tweeted, "The Trump Administration promised 27 million tests by the end of March. As of now, only 4 million have been completed." Biden conflated two different metrics: the number of projected available tests in the market and the number of people in the U.S. actually tested.  On March 21, a Trump administration official said he expected well over 27 million tests in the marketplace by March 28. As of April 21, about 4 million people had been tested. The statement is partially accurate but omits critical context. We rate this statement .
Statement: Say Bernie Sanders "won Nevada after all.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 2, 2016
Location: nevada
Topics: elections
Context: several blog and social media posts
Fact-check justification: Several reports claimed that Bernie Sanders retroactively won Nevada’s presidential caucuses, based on higher-than-expected turnout at a major county convention. Sanders likely swung two delegates his way after the county convention, but we won’t know for sure until the state convention selects the delegates in May. Either way, Clinton still holds a narrow delegate lead, projections show. That lead is larger if you include the support of Nevada’s so-called "super-delegates." We rate this  .
Statement: A video shows President Joe Biden "getting off plane with little boy dressed like girl.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 15, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: She turned 18 in November, when the president posted a video of him and her as she voted for the first time.   "I just turned 18," she said in the video that was posted to YouTube on Nov. 3, 2022. In March, she accompanied her grandfather to Las Vegas. Multiple news organizations, including Getty Images , the Las Vegas Sun and the Nevada Independent , reported on the trip and identified Natalie Biden by name in photo captions.   We rate claims this video shows Biden exiting a plane with a boy dressed like a girl .
Statement: The Democrats have over 20 field agents to our zero.
Speaker: tom mechler
About the speaker: Tom Mechler, of Amarillo, is a consultant to oil and gas producers. A member of the Texas Board of Criminal Justice, he's a former member of the State Republican Executive Committee and served as a GOP chair in two counties, according to the biographical material posted on his campaign site. He lost his 2010 bid to chair the Republican Party of Texas.
Date: May 27, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: campaign finance;elections
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: And the state GOP has no one. Also, it's possible some workers in both parties aren't identified as field staff in finance reports. It's also likely that future hires will change the ratio of ground troops.   Based on available information, Mechler is right about his party for now, but overstates Democratic Party numbers. We rate his statement .
Statement: Rick Scott vetoed funding for 30 Florida rape crisis centers. Scott said the centers weren't needed.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: October 27, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: health care;state budget;women
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A TV ad on behalf of Crist said "Rick Scott vetoed funding for 30 Florida rape crisis centers. Scott said the centers weren’t needed." The ad omits that Scott vetoed an increase in funding for the centers in 2012. He never said the centers weren’t needed -- he said that particular extra $1.5 million wasn’t needed. The ad omits that in 2013 he supported a $2.5 million increase, which also remained in the budget in 2014. The ad overall is  because it fails to make it clear that funding for rape crisis centers increased under Scott's watch. We rate this  .
Statement: Already in Wisconsin we have seen fewer people pursuing education as a career" due to the Act 10 collective bargaining law.
Speaker: mary burke
About the speaker: Burke is a former Trek Bicycle executive and former Wisconsin Commerce Department secretary who announced on Oct. 7, 2013 that she would seek the Democratic nomination for governor in Wisconsin in the fall 2014 election against incument Republican Gov. Scott Walker. She lost to Walker on Nov. 4, 2014. She is a school board member in Madison, Wisconsin.
Date: April 18, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget;workers
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: There’s an element of  here, in that enrollment has declined since Act 10’s adoption. But that correlation doesn’t prove that Act 10 caused the drop. In fact, the Wisconsin trend predates Act 10 and coincides with a national drop in students in teacher training. And education-school leaders offer a host of other possible explanations for the fall-off. We rate Burke’s  .
Statement: Gas prices during the Obama-Biden administration were $5.49 a gallon.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 30, 2020
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post includes an image of an Exxon sign that lists gas prices at more than $5 per gallon and says, "Just a reminder of what things looked like the last time Biden was in the White House."  It is a real photo of the price of gas at a Washington D.C. Exxon station in May 2012, when Obama and Biden were in office. However, the photo was taken when gas prices were spiking and shows a price that was still well above the average cost of a gallon of gas in the U.S. at that time.   Gas prices fluctuate regardless of who the president is. The average price during the Obama years was $2.97 a gallon. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Joe Biden has said 150 million Americans died from guns and another 120 million from COVID-19
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 13, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: guns;coronavirus
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said Biden said 120 million Americans died from COVID-19 and that 150 million Americans died from gun violence since 2007.  Both of those numbers are drastically . Biden meant to say "thousands" in both cases, not "millions." The post is correct that Biden did make these claims, but after misstating the COVID stat he immediately corrected himself, a detail the post omits. We rate this  . window.gciAnalyticsUAID = 'PMJS-TEALIUM-COBRAND';
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Statement: Claims the James Webb Space Telescope is "fakery they got for the masses
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 12, 2022
Topics: science;space;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A video shared to Facebook claims the James Webb Space Telescope and the images it has taken are .  The video makes wild claims about why the telescope is , offering no  and using debunked theories.  The space telescope has been in the works for more than 20 years, and its development, construction and launch into space have been well documented. There is also plenty of  proving that broadcasting a signal through space is possible and that the Earth is round.  We rate this !