chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: President Barack Obama's "spending drove us $5 trillion deeper in debt.
Speaker: american crossroads
About the speaker: American Crossroads is a 527 campaign committee that supports Republican candidates.
Date: October 2, 2012
Location: national
Topics: debt;deficit;economy;federal budget;message machine 2012
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: The American Crossroads ad claims that "Obama’s spending drove us $5 trillion deeper in debt." But not all of the $5 trillion can be attributed to Obama's spending. Much of it can be attributed to his tax cuts and the policies of President Bush.  On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Says a progressive income tax proposal from Democratic governor candidate J.B. Pritzker "is wholly regressive.
Speaker: evelyn sanguinetti
About the speaker: Evelyn Sanguinetti is the lieutenant governor of Illinois.
Date: June 26, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: taxes
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Sanguinetti said in a recent radio interview that Pritzker’s plan for a "progressive income tax" is "wholly regressive." A spokesman declined to explain what she meant by that. But the federal definition for a regressive tax makes her statement read like something straight out of Opposite Day. According to both the IRS and an Illinois economics expert, a regressive tax is one that takes a greater share of income from those who earn less than from those who earn more. A progressive tax, on the other hand, is one that requires higher earners to pay a higher rate than their lower earning counterparts. We rated as  Rauner’s earlier  about an inevitable "massive" tax hike if a progressive tax system was implemented in Illinois. Sanguinetti takes that even further with her rhetorical head-scratcher, which is why we rate her  .
Statement: On the day that (the Republican) state leader resigned in disgrace, a 'Shred-It' truck rolled up to Republican headquarters.
Speaker: alan grayson
About the speaker: Alan Grayson was initially elected to Congress in 2008, then defeated for re-election in 2010. He was elected again to Congress from a different district in 2012. He lost the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate in Florida in 2016.
Date: March 23, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: But there was the image nevertheless. In mocking Republicans and his new Tea Party challenger, U.S. Rep. Alan Grayson said that on the day the state party chairman resigned, "a 'Shred-It' truck rolled up to Republican headquarters." It did. We rate his statement . Now about those Guinness world records ...
Statement: The status quo led the General Assembly to reduce pension payments four straight years starting in 2005, costing billions of dollars as the delay in contributions essentially borrowed from pension funds at a very high interest rate.
Speaker: bruce rauner
About the speaker: Bruce Rauner was elected governor of Illinois in 2014. He became the first Republican governor in the state in 12 years upon his inauguration in January 2015. The gubernatorial campaign was Rauner's first foray into politics. He previously had been a principal at the private equity firm GTCR in Chicago.
Date: December 31, 2016
Location: illinois
Topics: pensions
Context: the (Springfield) State Journal-Register
Fact-check justification: In an opinion piece published by a Springfield newspaper, Republican Gov. Bruce Rauner said lawmakers in the Illinois General Assembly authorized reduced pension payments from 2005-2009. He said those lowered contributions cost billions and were akin to borrowing from the funds at a high interest rate. The General Assembly’s own finance agency and a federal settlement with the SEC confirms four years of reduced contributions. The SEC said the move aggravated the funds’ condition and ability to meet its obligations and worsened its creditworthiness. A 2006 report said the underfunding required $6.8 billion more in payments. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Leah Vukmir said: "I'm not endorsing Donald Trump.
Speaker: kevin nicholson
About the speaker: Republican Kevin Nicholson, a former Marine, announced in July 2017 that he would run in 2018 for the seat held by U.S. Sen. Tammy Baldwin, D-Wis. He is a business consultant who lives in Delafield, Wis.
Date: August 1, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;elections
Context: an online video
Fact-check justification: (Note: We’ve rated as  a  by Vukmir that "I have always been there with" Donald Trump.) Our rating Nicholson says that Vukmir said: "I’m not endorsing Donald Trump." But that was before Trump became the GOP nominee for president in 2016. After he won the nomination, Vukmir endorsed Trump and prominently supported him, as she does today. We rate Nicholson’s  .
Statement: Bank of America "announced a new mortgage home loan program for first-time homebuyers. But only blacks and Hispanics will be eligible.
Speaker: the gateway pundit
About the speaker: The Gateway Pundit is a conservative website.
Date: September 1, 2022
Location: national
Topics: housing;race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: But only blacks and Hispanics will be eligible. "  The new program is available to all applicants, regardless of race. It is being introduced in Black and Hispanic communities to boost homeownership among those racial groups, who are less likely than white or Asian Americans to own their homes. But any first-time home buyer can apply, regardless of race.   We rate this  .
Statement: Greenpeace USA had a banner on Trump International Hotel in Las Vegas making fun of Donald Trump's genitalia.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: February 13, 2022
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Indeed, those variations of the video have been debunked by multiple fact-checking organizations, and Greenpeace USA has repeatedly denied involvement . The creator did not respond to requests for comment from PolitiFact. Greenpeace activists raised a "resist" banner outside a Trump-owned hotel in Chicago in 2017, a few months after Trump took office. The banner appeared significantly smaller than the  Greenpeace USA banner in the doctored videos circulating online. We rate this tweet !
Statement: The United States is "behind many countries in Europe in terms of the ability of every kid in America to get ahead.
Speaker: steven rattner
About the speaker: Steven Rattner is a former adviser to President Barack Obama who now appears as an economic analyst on MSNBC's Morning Joe.
Date: December 16, 2013
Topics: economy;punditfact
Context: a segment on MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: Steven Rattner said, the United States is "behind many countries in Europe in terms of the ability of every kid in America to get ahead." Some conservative economists say the comparisons between countries are imperfect, that we need better data, and Americans are doing just fine if you look at their ability to simply out-earn their parents. We don’t know how that compares to European countries. But many studies back up Rattner’s point. Studies show that we are behind "many countries in Europe in terms of the ability of every kid in America to get ahead." Nordic countries have particularly higher rates of income mobility than the United States. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Gov. Rick Perry has been "begging" for the federal government to send the Coast Guard to patrol two lakes on the U.S.-Mexico border.
Speaker: louie gohmert
About the speaker: Louie Gohmert, a U.S. House member since 2005, is a former chief justice of the Texas 12th Court of Appeals and Smith County state district judge. He lives in Tyler.
Date: May 10, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;crime
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Gonzalez said the Coast Guard already comes to the lake "once in a while... not very often" because, he speculated, of budgetary limits. Our sense: It’s possible Perry has informally talked to some House members about putting the Coast Guard on the lakes--where that force already periodically ventures. But he’s made no formal direct request to the government. That’s far from "begging" for Coast Guard deployment. We rate Gohmert’s statement .
Statement: A man using bath salts reported that raccoons had set fire inside his home and stolen his cell phone.
Speaker: mike dewine
About the speaker: Mike DeWine, the Ohio attorney general, won the Republican primary for governor in May 2018 and is running in the general election in November. Previously he was one of Ohio's U.S. senator's, lieutenant governor and a member of the General Assembly.
Date: November 14, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: criminal justice;drugs;crime
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: His only misstep was saying state patrolmen confronted the man. The  is immaterial because it doesn’t change the circumstances of the incident and the role of bath salts, according to police. The Reynoldsburg man, for what it’s worth, eventually pleaded guilty to a charge of making  alarms. DeWine’s statement is accurate and there is nothing significant missing. That rates  on the -O-Meter.
Statement: Says Al Jazeera, "a mouthpiece for terrorists, has been paying Jon Ossoff thousands of dollars. ... What is he hiding?
Speaker: congressional leadership fund
About the speaker: The Congressional Leadership Fund is a super PAC exclusively dedicated to protecting and strengthening the Republican Majority in the House of Representatives.
Date: April 5, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: candidate biography;transparency
Context: a web video
Fact-check justification: The Congressional Leadership Fund video says Al Jazeera, "a mouthpiece for terrorists, has been paying Jon Ossoff thousands of dollars and asks "what is he hiding?" This is a case when a series of partial truths are strung together to promote the worst possible conclusion. Some Americans have called Al Jazeera a mouthpiece of terrorists. Others, including a U.S. senator, have praised it as a beacon of reporting in the Middle East and Africa. The ad cherry-picks its  to characterize Al Jazeera only as aligned with terrorists. Al Jazeera did pay Ossoff's company. During the time frame covered in his financial disclosure, Ossoff’s firm produced two film projects, one for Al Jazeera and one for the BBC. Al Jazeera has been a major client over the years, but going back to the start of 2016, it is one out of 13. In addition, the films Al Jazeera have commissioned focus on wrongdoing in Africa and Latin America and have nothing to do with the Middle East or terrorism. The ad suggests Ossoff is hiding something. Given the  at hand, the answer appears to be that he is unwilling to open the books of his business beyond what the law requires. The ad’s description of Al Jazeera strikes us as particularly selective and central to the suspicions the ad raises. We rate this  .
Statement: Says, "Less than half of all states have legal protections on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity, despite the fact that LGBT Americans report employment discrimination and unemployment at much higher rates than the U.S. average.
Speaker: jeff merkley
About the speaker: Jeff Merkley is a Democratic senator from Oregon. He was elected in 2008. Merkley won his first campaign for the Oregon Legislature as a representative in 1998. He was elected Democratic leader in 2003 and speaker of the House in 2007. He studied international relations at Stanford University and earned a graduate degree in public policy at Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
Date: June 12, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: civil rights;jobs;race and ethnicity;lgbtq;workers
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Merkley is correct to say that in more than half the states in the country, there is no law against employers who discriminate based on sexual orientation although employers and government agencies may have their own prohibitions. The statement requires clarification on the scope of protections offered in private and public sector employment. It also requires clarification about what we do know and do not know about job discrimination faced by the general population and other groups. We rate the statement . Return to OregonLive to comment on this ruling.
Statement: In Florida, they're already talking about how the Ryan-Romney plan will end Medicare and replace it with a voucher.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 20, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: medicare;message machine 2012
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: A radio ad from the Obama campaign says, "In Florida, they're already talking about how the Ryan-Romney plan will end Medicare and replace it with a voucher." None of the plans presented by these candidates will "end" Medicare. Instead, Romney and Ryan support substantial changes to Medicare for people under 55. Depending on their income, future beneficiaries will receive a "premium support payment" to help offset the cost of a plan purchased through a competitive marketplace or for a traditional Medicare plan. We rate the Obama campaign’s  .
Statement: Over 2 million injuries from COVID-19 vaccines have been reported to the World Health Organization.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 3, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claims that more than 2 million injuries related to the COVID-19 vaccines have been reported to the WHO. The post takes reports to the health organization out of context. The injuries are a compilation of reports sent to the WHO of suspected side effects, and have not been independently confirmed by scientists. Billions of doses of the COVID-19 vaccines have been administered across the world, and health agencies have continued to vouch for their safety and effectiveness. We rate this  .
Statement: There is nothing in the current state public records law that prohibits sensitive or confidential business information from being just that, confidential.
Speaker: matt lundy
About the speaker: Matt Lundy is a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from the 57th District, which includes a portion of Lorain County.
Date: February 7, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: jobs
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: (The Republican-controlled Ohio Senate is still reviewing the plan.) For example, if communication between JobsOhio and a sought-after company was public record, another states could use that information to trump Ohio’s offer. PolitiFact Ohio is not rating whether JobsOhio should be exempted from public records laws. Regardless of the advantages or disadvantages, Lundy’s statement that Ohio’s public records law includes exceptions that protect sensitive and confidential business information is correct. On the -O-Meter it earns a rating of .
Statement: A CNN report on 9/11 proved that a plane never hit the Pentagon.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 12, 2022
Location: national
Topics: terrorism;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: "Little did I know as I was doing this live report … that I would fuel the doubts of so-called 9/11 truthers, who believe the attack was an inside job," he said.    An Instagram post says a CNN report on 9/11 proved that a plane never hit the Pentagon. The clip was misleadingly edited and the reporter’s words were taken out of context. The original broadcast makes it clear that the reporter said a plane had crashed into the building and that he saw parts of the airplane wreckage on-site.   We rate this  .
Statement: The Russian army captured the U.S Major General Roger L. Cloutier Jr. … in the besieged Ukrainian Azov camp in Mariupol.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: April 4, 2022
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: One commenter responding to the post asked Cloutier about the rumors that he had been taken captive by Russian forces. Cloutier’s response was the same as Andries’ to PolitiFact. "These rumors are completely ," he wrote in reply . Cloutier is also in photos the Allied Land Command posted to its official Twitter and Facebook accounts from the same April 5 event. We rate claims of Cloutier’s capture .
Statement: Says Tommy Thompson "pushed such strict laws that abortion providers faced potential life imprisonment and women were forced to cross state lines in order to receive attention for life-threatening issues.
Speaker: emily's list
About the speaker: EMILY's List is a political advocacy group that raises money to elect Democratic women who support abortion rights.
Date: September 19, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The law also caused many abortion providers, at least for a few days, to stop performing abortions. That means it was possible some Wisconsin women had to leave the state in order to get an abortion. But there is no proof, as EMILY’s List claimed, that women were forced to leave the state "to receive attention for life-threatening issues." We rate the EMILY’s List statement .
Statement: Terrorist detainees "were not covered by the Geneva Convention. They were unlawful combatants. And under those circumstances, they were not entitled to the normal kinds of courtesies and treatment.
Speaker: dick cheney
About the speaker: Dick Cheney served as Vice President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 in the administration of George W. Bush.
Date: December 10, 2014
Topics: legal issues;foreign policy;terrorism;punditfact
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Cheney said that terrorist detainees "were not covered by the Geneva Convention. They were unlawful combatants. And under those circumstances, they were not entitled to the normal kinds of courtesies and treatment." Cheney has a point that unlawful combatants are not afforded as high a level of protection as prisoners of war or civilians. However, his comment glosses over the fact that unlawful combatants are still accorded a minimum degree of protection, including a ban on "violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and torture," and "outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment," both of which have been validated by the Supreme Court. This is an important omission, since some of these very actions have been alleged in the Senate report. Because the statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it .
Statement: We do not want to raise anybody's tax rates. That's never been on the table.
Speaker: james clyburn
About the speaker: James Clyburn is a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina. He serves as Assistant Minority Leader -- the third-highest-ranking officer in the House Democratic leadership.
Date: June 26, 2011
Location: national
Topics: this week - abc news;taxes
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week with Christiane Amanpour"
Fact-check justification: Clyburn said that Democrats don’t want to raise "anybody’s" tax rate, and that tax hikes have "never been on the table." But the reality is that Clyburn and his own caucus proposed tax hikes for wealthier Americans and then voted for them on the House floor. While Clyburn’s explanation does make some sense, we think it’s the only interpretation that would make his  accurate. A broader interpretation -- and one we think would be more obvious to viewers -- would suggest that his statement is . So we rate his statement .
Statement: We've got the highest corporate tax rate in the world.
Speaker: joseph kyrillos
About the speaker: Joseph Kyrillos, Jr. is a Republican state senator representing part of Monmouth County. The former chairman of the New Jersey Republican State Committee, Kyrillos is running in the November 2012 general election for the U.S. Senate seat currently held by Democrat Robert Menendez.
Date: August 20, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: taxes
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: In a radio interview, Kyrillos claimed, "We've got the highest corporate tax rate in the world." It’s accurate that, at 39.2 percent, the United States has the highest statutory corporate tax rate among industrialized nations. But with various tax breaks, U.S. effective corporate tax rates range anywhere from 23 percent to 34.9 percent, studies show. Those effective tax rates may not land in first place, but they’re still among the highest in the world. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says Adolf Hitler said, "The day mankind finds out what I was trying to defend this nation, Germany, from, then that's the day World War III starts.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 12, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  They "forcibly sterilized a group of Afro-German children whom they derogatorily called ‘the Rhineland Bastards,’" the museum says. And after the the Nazi regime came to power, Black Germans were marginalized, socially and economically isolated, and discriminated against.   In "Mein Kampf," Hitler’s 1925 manifesto, he mentions " negroes " three times, but not in the context that appears in the Facebook quote.   "The Jews were responsible for bringing negroes into the Rhineland, with the ultimate idea of bastardizing the white race which they hate and thus lowering its cultural and political level so that the Jew might dominate," he wrote at one point.   We rate this post .
Statement: Under the House health care bill, the government "will have to penalize citizens if we choose not to buy a plan that will cost a minimum of about $15,000 per family per year.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: November 12, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care;taxes
Context: a note on Facebook
Fact-check justification: For people of modest means, the government will give them a tax credit, so it won't cost them the full $15,000, either. The people who will have to pay the full amount will be people who have access to no other insurance and make more than 400 percent of the poverty level. Palin's statement implies that everyone will be forced to buy a family plan that costs them $15,000. In fact, only a small percentage of people would be forced to pay that full amount. So we rate her statement .