chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says 80 journalists have been killed in Mexico in the last decade.
Speaker: jorge ramos
About the speaker: Jorge Ramos is a journalist and anchor for Univision, a Spanish-language network airing the United States. He also hosts America with Jorge Ramos in English on Fusion TV.
Date: March 9, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: public safety
Context: an interview on NPR
Fact-check justification: Ramos, expressing safety concerns about Mexico, said 80 journalists were killed there in the last decade. Our merger of lists from watchdog groups suggests that more than 100 people connected to journalism (not all of them journalists) died in the country from 2006 into 2016. But Ramos was clearly speaking to journalists killed at, or due to, their work. Apply that filter and the count diminishes to as few as 24 deaths confirmed as related to reporting work though we also gathered counts of 52 to 89, perhaps an indication different groups take considerably different approaches. No doubt, journalists in Mexico can face peril. But a decade-long count of killings is not as straightforward as Ramos’ figure would suggest. We rate his statement .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The amount the U.S. has spent in Ukraine is "double the U.S. expenditure for its own war in Afghanistan.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: January 26, 2023
Topics: afghanistan;facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: That’s $2.189 trillion more than the $111 billion in aid given to Ukraine. Another estimate , in 2020 by the Defense Department, pegged the amount spent in Afghanistan at about $825 billion. The lower number includes only money related to the Department of Defense, Cancian said, while the higher Brown University number includes other items, such as veterans benefits. Even taking the lower estimate of $825 billion, the U.S. would have spent $714 billion more in Afghanistan than in aid to Ukraine. We rate the  that the amount the U.S. has spent in Ukraine is "double the U.S. expenditure for its own war in Afghanistan" .
Statement: Julie Powell died from the COVID-19 vaccine.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 2, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post drew on Powell’s old tweets about getting vaccinated to suggest that the vaccines caused Powell's death. Powell’s husband told The New York Times that his wife died of cardiac arrest. We find no  to suggest the vaccine was to blame.  We rate this .
Statement: Says there have been no cases of wolves killing people in Rocky Mountain states.
Speaker: oregon department of fish and wildlife
About the speaker: The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife says its mission "is to protect and enhance Oregon's fish and wildlife and their habitats for use and enjoyment by present and future generations."
Date: December 12, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: environment
Context: a news story
Fact-check justification: Still, the reports support Dennehy and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. There’s no  that a wolf has attacked a human in the Rocky Mountain states, let alone killed one. We rate this  . Want to comment on the ruling? Head back to Oregonlive and let us know what you think.
Statement: Before this (federal health care) law was enacted, Florida parents ... were able to purchase inexpensive 'child-only' coverage for their children. The law's 'consumer protections' have now eliminated that choice in Florida.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: March 23, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: children;health care
Context: the 'Tampa Tribune'
Fact-check justification: So back to Scott's : Did the federal health care law eliminate an inexpensive insurance option for children in Florida? While elements of the law that took effect in 2010 have prompted private insurers to stop selling child-only policies, the state continues to offer a viable option for parents in the form of KidCare. For parents who are laid off or low-income, the KidCare rates are inexpensive. And children with pre-existing conditions can also seek enrollment in the new Pre-Existing Condition Insurance Plan (PCIP) created by the federal law -- though the rates are higher. Without private insurers participating, the choices for parents have certainly been reduced. But eliminated, as Scott said? No. We rate this  .
Statement: Bill Nelson was the deciding vote" on the health care law.
Speaker: american commitment
About the speaker: American Commitment is a conservative 501(c)4 group that supports “free markets, economic growth, Constitutionally-limited government, property rights, and individual freedom”
Date: July 10, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: health care;message machine 2012;voting record
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification:     American Commitment says that Florida Sen. Bill Nelson cast the "deciding vote" for health care. The health care law required 60 votes, so Nelson's vote was crucial -- as were the other 59 votes. But describing Nelson as the "deciding vote" suggests he had some extraordinarily powerful role, and that’s not the case. Nelson had cautiously been a supporter for months as he tried to amend the law. We rate this  .
Statement: A photo shows Brian Kemp posing with Gregory McMichael.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 6, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A campaign spokesman responded to critics who wanted Kemp to apologize for the photo by saying Kemp "takes hundreds of photos a day while traveling the state. It’s  to think he should be held responsible for the beliefs of every person who wants to snap a picture with him." The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that Stachowiak is well-known to law enforcement and civil rights groups. In 2016, for example, Georgia Capitol police put out a notice warning he was planning an unauthorized, anti-Islam rally to shred the Koran, according to the newspaper.   We rate this Facebook post claiming Stachowiak is Gregory McMichael .
Statement: Texas state Reps. Dan Branch and Jim Pitts, lieutenants to House Speaker Joe Straus, "are helping Democrat Ellen Cohen against her Republican challenger, doing events with her in her district.
Speaker: david barton
About the speaker: David Barton of Aledo, vice chairman of the Republican Party of Texas from 1997 into 2006, is the founder and president of WallBuilders, which describes itself as a national pro-family organization that presents America's forgotten history and heroes, with an emphasis on our moral, religious and constitutional heritage.
Date: June 12, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: bipartisanship
Context: an open letter
Fact-check justification: For her part, Cohen characterized the appearances by Pitts and Branch as informational instead of political. “The story to me is the fact that two Republican chairs of committees I serve on willingly agreed to come in and educate my district,” she said. What we find: Barton’s statement accurately refers to the GOP House members appearing at events with Cohen at her invitation, in her district. But the two forums weren’t political rallies--and even her opponent’s campaign manager saw no boon for Cohen. We rate Barton’s statement .
Statement: President Trump signs bill returning prayer in schools.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 17, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: No, Trump didn’t sign a bill returning prayer to schools
Fact-check justification: A video on Facebook said, "President Trump signs bill returning prayer in schools." Trump didn’t sign a bill; his administration issued a guidance. But that guidance didn’t return prayer to schools. It's nearly the same as a 2003 guidance that explains when students can pray at school of their own initiative. For decades, school-sponsored prayer has been banned, but that doesn’t ban religious expression at schools entirely. The overall message about Trump and school prayer in this video is . We rate this statement .
Statement: New Jersey's governor cut $1.6 billion from public education while handing out $2.1 billion in corporate tax breaks, more than the entire previous decade.
Speaker: afl-cio of new jersey
About the speaker: The New Jersey State AFL-CIO represents union members and their families through legislative and political initiatives, and organizing members.
Date: April 30, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: corporations;education;state budget
Context: a Facebook page post
Fact-check justification: A meme on the state AFL-CIO Facebook page claims, "New Jersey's governor cut $1.6 billion from public education while handing out $2.1 billion in corporate tax breaks, more than the entire previous decade." Christie actually cut $1 billion in state aid from education, not $1.6 billion. As for corporate tax breaks, Christie himself has said his administration is on target to deliver $2.3 billion in benefits for business – and that’s nearly double what was handed out in tax breaks in the decade before he took office. We rate the meme’s  . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says he "voted for disaster relief and full funding of FEMA.
Speaker: tom cotton
About the speaker: Tom Cotton, a Republican, was elected to the House of Representatives in 2012 from a district in Arkansas.
Date: July 8, 2014
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;congress;federal budget;homeland security;voting record;weather
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: A Cotton for Senate ad said, "Tom voted for disaster relief and full funding of FEMA." At least two of the votes Cotton’s ad cites, and possibly all three, show support for providing funding for disaster relief. However, the ad leaves out that Cotton supported the government shutdown that temporarily left FEMA shorthanded, and that he cast at least five votes against disaster funding. On balance, we rate this statement .
Statement: The Pentagon made up" the since-debunked heroics of POW Jessica Lynch as she tried to avoid capture in Iraq.
Speaker: rachel maddow
About the speaker: Rachel Maddow is the host of MSNBC’s “The Rachel Maddow Show”. She formerly hosted a radio program of the same name on the defunct Air America network.
Date: June 3, 2014
Topics: iraq;military;punditfact
Context: comments on "The Rachel Maddow Show"
Fact-check justification: Maddow said, "the Pentagon made up" the heroics of POW Jessica Lynch as she tried to avoid capture in Iraq. Maddow was making the point that the United States should have rescued Lynch whether or not she was a hero, just like it was right to bring Bergdahl home. That may be a popular opinion, but Maddow missed on the details of Lynch’s now-debunked story. First, the original report Maddow pointed to -- an article in the Washington Post --  specifically said that the Pentagon couldn’t confirm the story. And later, the author of the Post  report made clear that his source was not the Pentagon. Loeb, the author, went further to say he does not believe he was fed  information "to create a hero." The reality is we don’t know who provided the information to Loeb; he and his colleague Schmidt won’t say. Maddow fails to have the  to back up her . We rate it .
Statement: In the U.S., "a person can be married in the morning and thrown out of a restaurant for being gay in the afternoon.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: June 10, 2023
Topics: legal issues;lgbtq;supreme court
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Biden said that in the U.S., "a person can be married in the morning and thrown out of a restaurant for being gay in the afternoon." Same-sex marriage has been federally protected in the U.S. since 2015, and many states have passed laws preventing discrimination in public spaces based on sexual orientation or gender identity. But not all of them. Without a federal law offering those protections, it is still possible in 22 states to get married in the morning and thrown out of a restaurant without legal recourse. Some cities in those states have their own anti-discrimination laws.  It’s not clear how often people are "thrown out" of restaurants for their sexual orientation. Incidents like this are difficult to track, but news reports and testimony from legal advocacy groups show that it does happen, including in states that have legal protections.  Biden is accurate in that this can happen, but his remarks need clarification. Some states do provide some legal protection against discrimination and it’s unclear how commonly this occurs. We rate his  .
Statement: Ted Budd "helped write legislation to outlaw abortion nationwide with no exceptions for rape or incest — a law that could even put doctors in jail.
Speaker: emily's list
About the speaker: EMILY's List is a political advocacy group that raises money to elect Democratic women who support abortion rights.
Date: September 9, 2022
Location: north carolina
Topics: abortion
Context: a political ad
Fact-check justification: An ad from Women Vote Project says Budd "helped write legislation to outlaw abortion nationwide with no exceptions for rape or incest — a law that could even put doctors in jail." Although the ad accurately describes the details of the Heartbeat Protection Act, it misstates Budd’s involvement. He sponsored the bill, meaning he supported it. But Budd’s campaign says he didn’t help write it. The  is partially accurate but leaves out important details. That’s our definition of .
Statement: Says Charlie Crist "voted against raising the minimum wage.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: July 8, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: The Republican Party of Florida said, "Crist voted against raising the minimum wage." We should note that the vote in question was not the kind of vote people would usually think of when it comes to the minimum wage. Crist has never voted on legislation about the minimum wage in any official capacity. But Crist was at a 2004 meeting of a business advocacy group, and there was a unanimous voice vote expressing the organization’s opinion against raising the minimum wage. Crist was at the meeting, but none of the votes were recorded. Other than that, we can’t find any  of Crist publicly opposing or supporting minimum wage increases, until his recent campaign. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says U.S. Senate candidate Cory Gardner "blocked immigration reform" and "voted to deport our DREAMers.
Speaker: seiu
About the speaker: SEIU is the Service Employees International Union. It represents 2.1 million health care and public services workers.
 
Date: July 29, 2014
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a Spanish-language radio ad
Fact-check justification: SEIU said Gardner "blocked immigration reform" and "voted to deport our DREAMers." While Republicans in the House have not moved forward on immigration, Gardner himself has repeatedly advocated for his colleagues to take up the issue. There are plenty of obstacles to passing a bill in the House, but Gardner does not appear to be one of them. Gardner did vote for an amendment that effectively would have ended Obama’s two-year delay in deporting certain children of illegal immigrants. However, he said that was a move against Obama’s unilateral action, and not the DREAMers. Indeed, he has actually called for permanent status for children brought to the U.S. illegally, including citizenship for those who join the military. We rate the statement from SEIU as .
Statement: Photo shows "late-night operatives moving van-loads of suspicious ballots way after legal deadline in Detroit.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 9, 2022
Location: michigan
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: It was expected and a required part of vote counting. Friedman, meanwhile, said he was at the convention center on election night and he saw ballots arriving in the middle of the night to be processed and counted. Election workers were counting and verifying ballots there until 6 a.m., Friedman said.   "It was late," he said, "because to follow the law and make sure all the votes are counted, that’s what needs to happen. "  Claims that election workers in Detroit were caught illegally moving ballots rate .
Statement: I was the most bipartisan senator in the United States Senate.
Speaker: scott brown
About the speaker: Scott Brown was elected a Republican U.S. senator from Massachusetts in 2010. He lost re-election in 2012 and subsequently became a political commentator for Fox News. In March 2014, Brown announced that he was considering entering the U.S. Senate race in New Hampshire.
Date: March 18, 2014
Location: new hampshire
Topics: bipartisanship;voting record
Context: Portsmouth, N.H
Fact-check justification: Judging by votes alone, Brown was not always the most bipartisan senator during his time in office, but he was No. 1 for a time, and was close for the rest of the time. We rate Brown’s  .
Statement: Says Republican gubernatorial candidate Scott Walker "increased his own pay by $50,000.
Speaker: advancing wisconsin
About the speaker: Advancing Wisconsin is a liberal organization that says it advocates for a progressive policy agenda on the environment, reproductive rights and other issues, and is involved in get-out-the-vote efforts and in supporting candidates with independent expenditures.
Date: October 28, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: message machine 2010
Context: campaign literature distributed by an outside group
Fact-check justification: In support of Democrat Tom Barrett, Advancing Wisconsin is claiming Republican candidate Scott Walker "increased his own pay by $50,000" as Milwaukee County executive. To be sure, Walker used to give back $60,000 of his pay and he’s now giving back $10,000. It’s a smaller giveback, but follow us closely here, still a giveback. To say otherwise, is a cheap shot and, frankly, turns math on its head. We’ll light up the group’s shot in the dark: .
Statement: Says Julie Parrish "voted to divert $160 million from public schools to private for-profit schools.
Speaker: carl hosticka
About the speaker: Carl Hosticka is a Metro councilor running for Oregon House District 37. He is a Democrat challenging Rep. Julie Parrish, R-West Linn.
Date: September 5, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: education;voting record
Context: a guest column
Fact-check justification: The money cited is also the maximum amount, should 16,000 children overnight enroll in online classes, which nobody expected to happen and which didn’t happen -- so $160 million is overblown. Hosticka’s statement contains an element of , we’ll give him that. The two largest online charter schools in Oregon exist because of private companies that want to make money. But charter school advocates have the Oregon Department of Education on their side: Online schools are public schools. We rate the statement .
Statement: Wisconsin is "38th in the country in terms of proficiency standards" in student testing.
Speaker: mary burke
About the speaker: Burke is a former Trek Bicycle executive and former Wisconsin Commerce Department secretary who announced on Oct. 7, 2013 that she would seek the Democratic nomination for governor in Wisconsin in the fall 2014 election against incument Republican Gov. Scott Walker. She lost to Walker on Nov. 4, 2014. She is a school board member in Madison, Wisconsin.
Date: August 11, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;education;government regulation
Context: a news article
Fact-check justification: But those rankings won’t be done for a few years, he said. Our rating Burke said Wisconsin is "38th in the country in terms of (school) proficiency standards." The ranking she cites is from a respected national source and is the latest available, although it is based on 2011 data. Wisconsin has since adopted the new Common Core standards, which could change the state’s ranking in the future. For a statement that is accurate but needs additional information, we give Burke a .
Statement: President Joe Biden cut "$30 billion to Black colleges and universities.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 4, 2021
Topics: education;federal budget;race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: It will be an increase of $2 billion instead of $45 billion," said Harry Williams, president & CEO of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund, which advocates for HBCUs. "It’s not a cut, because you can’t cut what we’ve never had." He also noted that it remains unclear whether the $2 billion, if that ultimately is what is approved, will be set aside for HBCUs, or shared among HBCUs and other minority-serving institutions.   Responsibility for how much HBCUs ultimately get rests with Democrats in the Congress, which must agree on a final bill, although Biden would have to sign it into law. "President proposes, Congress disposes," said G. William Hoagland, senior vice president at the Bipartisan Policy Center. We rate the post .