chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: For every week that (state lawmakers are) able to cut off our timeline, it saves (Georgia taxpayers) approximately $100,000.
Speaker: casey cagle
About the speaker: Casey Cagle, a Republican, is the lieutenant governor of Georgia
Date: January 22, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: state budget
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: To sum up, Cagle said the state could save $100,000 for each week the Legislature can reduce their session schedule. Cagle’s argument is the longer the Legislature is in session, the more it costs Georgia taxpayers. The lieutenant governor’s statement is correct that it costs a good bit of money to operate when the Legislature is in session, if you consider the cost of temporary staff alone. If you consider the regular per diem costs, Cagle’s weekly estimate of $100,000 seems too conservative. We rate his statement .
Statement: Violent crime is up since the last year of Sharpe James' administration. This year it's higher. … The unemployment rate is almost 15 percent. The high school dropout rate is over 50 percent.
Speaker: steve lonegan
About the speaker: The former mayor of Bogota in Bergen County, Steve Lonegan is the New Jersey director of Americans for Prosperity, a conservative advocacy group. Lonegan ran unsuccessfully in 2005 and 2009 for the Republican nomination for governor.
 
Date: September 23, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: education;jobs;crime
Context: an interview on the John Gambling radio show
Fact-check justification: Lonegan said, "Violent crime is up since the last year of Sharpe James’ administration. This year it’s higher. … The unemployment rate is almost 15 percent. The high school dropout rate is over 50 percent." Overall violent crime is up whether measured from 2005 or 2006 to 2012, but the increase is skewed by a sharp uptick in robberies, according to UCR statistics. Violent crime is down in other categories. Unemployment during Booker’s tenure has hovered between 14 percent and 16 percent, but the impact of the recession on those figures can’t be disregarded. Lonegan’s  about Newark dropouts is based on students who graduate following a standardized testing route, but that doesn’t consider all of the district’s high schoolers. There are other routes to graduation. Each  has a varying degree of accuracy to it, but each  also leaves out important details and context. That’s why we rate the overall  . To comment on this article, go to NJ.com .
Statement: By the time she turns 3 years old, a child born into a low-income home hears 30 million fewer words than a child from a well-off family.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: December 4, 2013
Location: national
Topics: children;corrections and updates;education;income
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Obama said that less-affluent children are behind by the time they start school because they have heard about 30 million fewer words than peers from higher-income families. Experts say studies clearly support Obama’s point. We rate Obama’s statement . Editor's note: This item was edited after initial publication to clarify that researchers studied the word gap of children up to age 3, not age 5.
Statement: A photo of President Joe Biden leaving for Europe that the White House tweeted wasn't actually taken on March 23.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 23, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Biden was boarding the helicopter on the south side, where southern magnolia trees abut the White House. According to Yale University, the tree is relatively hardy, growing in cold climates like Washington, and "because it can maintain its beautiful leaves year round, it is often planted as an ornamental flowering tree. "  Photos of Biden before he left for Europe that day that were taken by news organizations including Getty and Reuters show the trees full of leaves. In this video shared by USA Today, both those trees and bare trees behind the helicopter can be seen.   We rate this post .
Statement: We have never been paid by the Trump campaign.
Speaker: diamond and silk
About the speaker: Diamond and Silk (real names Lynnette Hardaway and Rochelle Richardson) are Pro-Donald Trump activists.
Date: April 26, 2018
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a hearing
Fact-check justification: Pro-Donald Trump activists Diamond and Silk said, "We have never been paid by the Trump campaign." The social media ensemble received $1,274 from the Trump campaign. It was a one-time payment and both parties maintain it was reimbursement for travel expenses. Because reasonable people can disagree about whether reimbursement for travel expenses constitutes "pay" or not, we rate this .
Statement: We're second only to Boston in college students per capita.
Speaker: chris abele
About the speaker: Chris Abele is Milwaukee County Executive, a position he won in an April 2011 special election to finish out the final year of the term of Scott Walker, who was elected governor in November 2010. The election was the first attempt at political office for Abele, a Milwaukee philanthropist and business owner.
The office is nonpartisan, but Abele has indicated he is a Democrat.
Date: October 1, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our rating Abele said, "We’re second only to Boston in college students per capita." The county exec relies on decade-and-a-half-old data from a study that is no longer available and, in any event, does not back up his . A second dated study we found from 1996 put Milwaukee at 13th of 50. More recent research ranks the area far from the head of the class. We rate his  .
Statement: Lee Zeldin "voted for abortion bans even when the mother's health is at risk.
Speaker: kathy hochul
About the speaker: Kathy Hochul, a Democrat, is the governor of New York state. She is a former member of Congress.
Date: June 30, 2022
Location: new york
Topics: abortion
Context: a campaign advertisement
Fact-check justification: The ban did not allow exceptions for considerations of the long-term health or the mental health of the pregnant person.   PolitiFact's ruling on the governor's  requires understanding the distinction between the expectant mother's life and her health.   Simply put, in this legislation, Zeldin was OK with an exception to the abortion ban if the expectant mother's health problem put her life at risk. He wasn't OK with an exception if the health problem wasn't life threatening.   Given that distinction, we rate this .
Statement: Between 40 and 50 percent of tax filers do not owe any income tax.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: October 12, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: They said that the percent of taxpayers with zero or negative individual income tax liability will be 38 percent in 2009. That's pretty close to 40 percent, the low end of the range McCain said. If McCain had said it was 40 percent, we would have ruled that his statement was , because he would only be two points off. But he also said it could be around 50 percent, and that seems like pushing the envelope a tad too far. So we rate his statement .
Statement: In December of 2017, the Prince William board of supervisors had a meeting ... (Corey Stewart) skipped that meeting to go campaign in Alabama for Roy Moore to be a U.S. senator … You haven't disavowed Roy Moore's name yet.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: July 21, 2018
Location: national
Topics: county government;elections;ethics
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Kaine said Stewart skipped a Prince William County board of supervisors meeting to campaign for Moore. Stewart missed a Dec. 12, 2017, meeting at which the board of supervisors voted on a proposal to boost funding for programs meant to cope with the opioid crisis. Instead, he attended a rally for Moore in Alabama because he said it was important to support an "anti-establishment, pro-Trump candidate." Stewart has not disavowed Moore and refused to do so in an interview after the debate. We rate Kaine’s statement .
Statement: Ranked choice voting in Alaska is a "total rigged deal.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 9, 2022
Location: national
Topics: congress;elections
Context: a rally
Fact-check justification: He is using a similar approach here in his efforts to denounce a senator who supported his impeachment after the violent attack on the U.S. Capitol. We rate this statement . RELATED : Democracy experts support Alaska’s move to ranked-choice voting. Here’s why RELATED : Trump’s own advisers add to  that election wasn’t stolen RELATED : All of our fact-checks about elections
Statement: The Nevada Gaming Commission did not find Trump 'trustworthy' enough for a gaming license.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 20, 2019
Topics: candidate biography;gambling;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Mr. Trump has never been, and is not presently, a greenmailer or corporate raider," the filings said. In spite of such conflicts, though, we found no  that the Nevada Gaming Commission didn’t find Trump "trustworthy" enough for a gaming license, as the Facebook post claims. We searched Nexis news archives for  that the commission called Trump untrustworthy and came up empty. Plus, the commission’s chairman told PolitiFact that the allegation is a "viral misconception," and that Trump has been deemed suitable to be involved in gaming in the state.   We rate this post .
Statement: NASA stopped exploring the ocean.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: January 23, 2023
Topics: environment;climate change;space;water;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post said: "NASA stopped exploring the ocean." NASA has a number of initiatives for studying oceans, some space-based and some in the ocean depths. We rate the statement !
Statement: Says the Central Park Five "admitted their guilt.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 18, 2019
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;crime
Context: remarks to reporters on the White House South Lawn
Fact-check justification: Trump said that the Central Park Five "admitted their guilt." And he said some of the prosecutors involved "think that the city should never have settled that case." While the five teens did early on admit to participating in an attack, they quickly withdrew those confessions. At best, they admitted their guilt to a limited degree for a brief time. Legal records show that none of them confessed to raping the woman in Central Park. A judge vacated their convictions when the actual rapist confessed and DNA  showed his guilt. Trump ignores reams of  that now point to the  nature of those confessions. Even the prosecutor he cited said she agreed the rape convictions were rightly overturned. We rate this  .
Statement: Says the Georgia Dome would need up to $350 million in work over the next five to seven years.
Speaker: kasim reed
About the speaker: Kasim Reed is Mayor of Atlanta.
Date: February 13, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: infrastructure;sports;taxes
Context: news story
Fact-check justification: Using these figures, the renovation cost would be less than the $200 million public investment into the proposed new stadium deal. The difference lies with which style of renovations is chosen: the exclusive Rolls-Royce level of renovations or the cheaper, base model Honda level of renovations. Reed’s statement is partially accurate but needs a lot of additional information and context. We rated the statement . Staff writer Karishma Mehrotra contributed to this story.
Statement: I'm the first person who really took up the issue of the war. Four years ago I said that there was no proof that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction, and, actually... did an analysis which disproved the cause for the war.
Speaker: dennis kucinich
About the speaker: Dennis Kucinich is running in the Democratic primary for governor of Ohio in 2018. Kucinich was elected to Congress in 1996. He previously served as a member of the city council and as mayor in Cleveland, the city where he was born in 1946. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Case Western University. He has been married since 2005 to Elizabeth Harper. He was married twice before and has one child. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 25, 2008.
Date: June 19, 2007
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: Washington, DC
Fact-check justification: But Kucinich earned the title as the leader of the anti-war movement in late August 2002 after holding a widely reported Capitol Hill briefing where he called for more "discussion about why we should not go to war," according to an article in the Cleveland Plain Dealer. He then began building a congressional coalition against the war. "Unilateral military action by the United States against Iraq is unjustified, unwarranted and illegal," said Kucinich, according to The Washington Times on Sept. 20, 2002. "The administration has failed to make the case that Iraq poses an imminent or immediate threat to the United States." Kucinich solidified his position as the opposition headmaster Oct. 3, 2002, when he took the floor of the House to present an eight-page, point-by-point analysis refuting the joint resolution on Iraq in the days before the vote.
Statement: Millionaires are eligible for food stamps, but "Donald Trump came along and decided to put a stop to it.
Speaker: glenn grothman
About the speaker: Republican Glenn Grothman, of the Town of Glenbeulah in Sheboygan County, was first elected to Congress in 2014 after serving 21 years in the Wisconsin Legislature. He represents the 6th Congressional District in east-central Wisconsin that includes all or parts of Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Fond du Lac, Dodge, Winnebago, Columbia, Green Lake, Marquette and Waushara counties.  
 
Date: October 2, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;food;poverty;states
Context: a newspaper
Fact-check justification: Grothman claimed millionaires are eligible for food stamps, but "Donald Trump came along and decided to put a stop to it."  The millionaires may be outliers, but Grothman’s  was that they are eligible -- not that they were receiving benefits in high numbers.  The proposed rule from Trump’s USDA would bar people in other programs from automatically qualifying for food stamps. It would also require a review of an applicant’s assets -- not just their income. It’s that provision that has, in the past, allowed wealthy individuals to receive the benefits. Wisconsin is among dozens of states that do not do asset checks now. We rate Grothman’s  .
Statement: GOP presidential hopeful Herman Cain called Ron Paul's followers "ignorant.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: October 11, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: negative campaigning
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: You could even say that Cain "belittled" Paul’s followers, as the Texan claimed during the debate. But Paul was very specific that one of the "strong terms" Cain used against his backers was the word "ignorant." Paul said he’d produce proof, but neither he nor his supporters have done so. We couldn’t find any, either. Paul earns a .
Statement: Speaking about border apprehensions, said "We have some of the best numbers we've ever had. Southern border, the best numbers we've ever had.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 14, 2020
Topics: immigration;border security;homeland security
Context: an interview with Fox Business
Fact-check justification: Year-to-date apprehension numbers are the lowest the Trump administration has seen so far, but they are not the lowest compared with past administrations. In terms of monthly data, it is not the lowest the Trump administration has seen. Despite the low numbers, experts said it’s important to keep in mind the context: a global pandemic that has caused lockdowns in foreign countries and increased the public health risk of emigrating to the United States. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Wisconsin uses voting machines that are outlawed, they are illegal.
Speaker: jill stein
About the speaker: Dr. Jill Stein, the Green Party presidential nominee in 2012 and 2016, is a Massachusetts activist and physician.
Date: November 26, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;legal issues;technology
Context: a video
Fact-check justification:  . Yes, she was concerned about favoring Democrats, but there were other reasons, too, for not opening an early voting site. ➤ Also  was a  by comedian Amy Schumer that "anyone who knows you can just" look it up to "see if you voted." Generally speaking, an individual’s voting history is a public record, though how easy it is to access can vary.
Statement: Apply Now and Win the Canada Diversity Immigration Visa Lottery (DV-2019) Program | Live and Work in Canada.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 15, 2018
Topics: immigration;fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The Trump administration has said a man accused of a terrorist attack in New York in October 2017 came to the United States through the diversity visa lottery program. ( Here’s more information about that U.S. program.) Bitcoingrower.life muddles its own information by referencing both the United States and Canada in its post. The post about a Canadian diversity immigration visa lottery is bogus. We rate it !
Statement: China holds 26 percent of the U.S. debt.
Speaker: herman cain
About the speaker: Herman Cain is an author, columnist and talk radio host. Cain, a former pizza franchise CEO, ran for president as a Republican in 2012.
Date: April 16, 2011
Location: national
Topics: deficit;federal budget;foreign policy
Context: Iowa
Fact-check justification: For example, he could have said "among the foreign holders of U.S. debt, China ranks first and holds 26 percent." But he didn't. Cain said simply that China "is holding 26 percent of our debt." There are a couple ways to consider debt, but using the two most common, Cain is either off by more than double or more than triple. We rate Cain's statement .
Statement: I told the Congress 'thanks, but no thanks,' on that Bridge to Nowhere.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: September 3, 2008
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;transportation
Context: St. Paul, Minn
Fact-check justification: Today, when Palin says "I told Congress, 'Thanks, but no thanks,' on that Bridge to Nowhere," it implies Congress said, "Here's a check for that bridge" and she responded, "No thanks, that's wasteful spending; here's your money back." That's not what happened. Fact is, Alaska took the bridge money, and then just spent it on other projects. Palin did make the final call to kill plans for the bridge, but by the time she did it was no longer a politically viable project. We rule Palin's  is .