chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Then-Sen. Barack Obama "refused to raise the debt ceiling because he said President Bush had failed in leadership.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: June 13, 2011
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;federal budget
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: This is the full faith and credit of the United States. And so that was just an example of a new senator making what is a political vote as opposed to doing what was important for the country. And I'm the first one to acknowledge it." Bachmann said Obama refused to approve an increase in the debt limit when he was a senator, and that he blamed President Bush for failed leadership, as well as Bush's supporters in Congress. She's right on both counts, and we rate her statement .
Statement: An audit shows "there are 6.5 million people who have active Social Security numbers who are 112 years of age or older,
Speaker: mark warner
About the speaker: Mark Warner, a Democrat, has represented Virginia in the U.S. Senate since 2009. He serves on the Banking, Budget, Commerce and Intelligence committees. He is the honorary co-chairman of the Forward Together PAC.
Warner gave the keynote address at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. Warner previously served as governor of Virginia from 2002 to 2006. He also ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in 1996. Before public office, Warner was an early investor in the cell phone business, co-founded the company that became Nextel.
Warner was born in Indianapolis, Ind., and grew up in Illinois and Connecticut. Warner graduated from George Washington University, Washington, D.C. He received a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass.
Date: April 23, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: social security
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Warner said the Social Security Administration’s Inspector General found "there are 6.5 million people who have active Social Security numbers who are 112 years of age or older." The audit Warner cites indeed found that there are an implausible 6.5 million active Social Security numbers belonging to people who would be at least 112. We rate Warner’s  .
Statement: The Biden administration is attempting to empower the IRS to monitor every single withdrawal, deposit, and transaction you make from your personal banking accounts, PayPal, Venmo, etc.
Speaker: candace owens
About the speaker: Candace Owens is a conservative commentator, author and host on the Daily Wire. She formerly worked as a spokeswoman for Turning Point USA. She started Blexit, an effort to get black voters to leave the Democratic Party. She previously co-founded the website Degree180.
Date: September 9, 2021
Location: national
Topics: financial regulation;taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Owens tweeted that the Biden administration "is attempting to empower the IRS to monitor every single withdrawal, deposit, and transaction you make from your personal banking accounts, PayPal, Venmo, etc.." This is . The American Rescue Plan Act has a provision that will require cash apps like Venmo, PayPal and Zelle to file information reports with both the merchants who use their platforms and the IRS specifically for business transactions that exceed $600. This applies to third-party apps and credit card issuers, not traditional bank accounts. The Biden administration proposal loops traditional bank accounts in, both business and personal. If implemented as is, the change would require financial institutions and cash apps to report to the IRS aggregate inflow and outflow from most bank, loan and investment accounts that exceed $600. But it would not monitor or share details on individual transactions, as Owens’ statement suggests. We rate this .
Statement: CAN I CHANGE MY VOTE? ... The answer in most states is YES.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 27, 2020
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted, "CAN I CHANGE MY VOTE? ... The answer in most states is YES." This may be feasible for voters who have not yet returned their mail ballot, as long as they go in to vote in person and work with election officials to cancel their original ballot. This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more However, only a handful of states explicitly allow ballots that have been cast to be called back prior to Election Day. And a voter would be entirely out of luck for changing their vote if their mail ballot has already been tabulated prior to Election Day, or if they voted early in person. We rate the statement .
Statement: Did you see President Trump's RECORD TURNOUT? Iowa - 32,389 Republicans.
Speaker: brad parscale
About the speaker: Brad Parscale is President Donald Trump's 2020 re-election campaign manager.
Date: February 25, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;iowa
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: The Trump campaign said that Trump garnered record support in the Iowa caucuses. Republican turnout for Trump topped turnout for Barack Obama in 2012 in terms of numbers but not for the percentage of votes cast by those turning out. Jimmy Carter’s 59% support of 100,000 attendees would be the record for an incumbent, though we don’t know a precise number because of the lack of records for that. Trump’s Iowa turnout did not smash records for a nonincumbent caucus. Turnout in 2020 for the Democrats was 176,000 in 2020, around 171,000 in 2012, and 238,000 in 2008, according to the Associated Press.   The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important context. We rate it .
Statement: If Proposal 3 passes, it would allow children to undergo "gender-change therapy without parental consent
Speaker: citizens to support mi women & children
About the speaker: Citizens to Support MI Women & Children is a group campaigning against a ballot proposal in Michigan for the Nov. 8, 2022 election to enshrine a right to abortion in the state constitution.
Date: October 18, 2022
Location: michigan
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Proposal 3 does not explicitly state that minors have a right to gender-affirming care without parental consent. The proposed constitutional amendment’s drafters deny that it provides such a right and legal experts don’t foresee a future court siding with opponents of the amendment who  it includes an unfettered right for minors to access puberty blockers or gender-affirming surgical procedures without parental consent. Medical experts say that Proposal 3 does not touch on gender-affirming care that requires parental involvement. The burden of proof lies with opponents to provide  supporting their claims based on current information. Instead, they rely on hypothetical conjectures about how the amendment might be interpreted. Opponents’  that Proposal 3 would allow minors to undergo "gender change therapy without parental consent" is not accurate.
Statement: Photo shows former President Donald Trump "dancing with a 13-year-old girl" on Jeffrey Epstein's private island.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 13, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Though AI has gotten better at drawing hands , misshapen hands with unusual numbers of digits are still a red flag for  images.   The woman on the right side of the image, meanwhile, appears to have a large ear abnormally placed on her head.   "It ticks all the AI image boxes," BBC reporter Shayan Sardarizadeh tweeted . "Unnatural hair, skin tones and facial features, plus the guy in the background holding a pint of beer with six fingers on one hand. "  We rate claims this is an authentic image of Trump .
Statement: $65 million from ABC privatization will not pay for "even an overpass in Tysons Corner.
Speaker: richard saslaw
About the speaker: Richard L. Saslaw, D-35th, joined the Virginia Senate in 1980. The district is composed of portions of Fairfaix, Alexandria and Falls Church. He previously served in the House of Delegates beginning in 1976. Saslaw has been the Democratic leader of the Senate since 1996, currently as minority leader. He sits on the Rules, FInance, Education and Health, Courts of Justice and Commerce and Labor committees.
Saslaw ran unsuccessfully for a U.S. House seat in 1984. He has owned several successful gasoline and automobile service businesses. 
Saslaw served in the U.S. Army from 1958 to 1960 and earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Maryland in 1965.
Date: November 9, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: alcohol;transportation
Context: a statement to Alexandria City Council
Fact-check justification: Pike in Arlington -- part of the Pentagon Roadway Network -- is estimated to cost just under $60 million.     Summary Saslaw says that if Northern Virginia were to receive $60 million to $65 million it wouldn’t be enough to cover the cost of an overpass in Tysons Corner. Based on the officials we spoke with, it’s possible that a major interchange in Tysons Corner could cost that much or more, especially when the cost of land acquisition is included. But our interviews and most of the examples cited by the officials indicate that Saslaw’s estimate is on the high end. So we find his  .
Statement: Ukrainian fighter-ace known as the 'Ghost of Kyiv's real name is Samuyil Hyde.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 25, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims the rumored "Ghost of Kyiv" pilot is named Samuyil Hyde. There’s no  that the supposed heroic pilot exists, but if he or she does, it’s not Samuyil Hyde. Sam Hyde does exist, but he’s a comedian whose name has become an internet meme linked to tragic events such as mass shootings throughout the world since at least 2015. We rate this  !
Statement: Says the Associated Press was wrong to report that "Income Inequality grew to largest in 50 years" because in a "new Census report all four measures of income inequality SHRUNK, reversing rise over past five decades.
Speaker: kevin brady
About the speaker: Brady represents a Houston-area U.S. House district.
Date: October 7, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: economy;income
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Brady said that the Associated Press was  to report that "Income Inequality grew to largest in 50 years" because in a "new Census report all four measures of income inequality SHRUNK, reversing rise over past five decades." Brady used a different Census Bureau survey than the Associated Press to make his . Both surveys had slightly different findings about income inequality — a normal occurrence, according to multiple experts. The survey the Associated Press used showed a statistically significant increase in income inequality from 2017 to 2018, using the only measurement of inequality included in the survey. In the survey Brady cited, estimates for four measures of income inequality were generated using two different categories of income. In one category, three of the four measures saw a statistically significant decrease from 2017 to 2018. In the other category, none of the measurements experienced a statistically significant change. Plus, experts said year-to-year changes in income inequality are not indicative of larger trends, so it is a stretch to suggest that the 2018 figures signal a reverse in the rise over the past five decades. We rate this  .  — The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.
Statement: Says Donald Trump "wants to replace" Obamacare "with a single-payer system.
Speaker: reid ribble
About the speaker: Reid Ribble is a Republican U.S. House member representing Wisconsin's 8th District, which covers the Green Bay area. He defeated U.S. Rep. Steve Kagen, D-Appleton, in the 2010 election.
Date: September 8, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;public health
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Ribble said Trump "wants to replace" Obamacare "with a single-payer system." Trump continues to praise single payer -- a health care system in which the government pays for care for all citizens -- at least as it used in other countries. But he has spoken a number of times, if vaguely, about a private system and at one point said he does not support single payer in the United States. Since then, his responses have been less clear.    We rate Ribble’s statement .
Statement: Obama orders ban on Christmas cards to military.
Speaker: tdtalliance.com
About the speaker: Tdtalliance.com is a fake news website designed to look as if it is affiliated with Fox News.
Date: December 12, 2016
Topics: fake news;military;religion;veterans;punditfact
Context: an article on a fake news website
Fact-check justification: However, that article is  because it does not explain that a VA chaplain reviews and distributes Christmas cards to veterans who want to receive cards with a religious message.     It’s also worth noting that Tdtalliance.com posted the same article in 2015. Our friends at Snopes debunked it back then, too. This article claiming that Obama issued an executive order that bans sending Christmas cards to overseas soldiers is  news, designed to deceive. !
Statement: On Gov. Tony "Evers' watch…the efficiency of the state crime lab has plummeted.
Speaker: republican party of wisconsin
About the speaker: The Wisconsin Republican Party works to elect Republicans to state and federal offices and advance the GOP agenda.
Date: May 2, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;crime;public safety
Context: Newsletter
Fact-check justification: The state Republican Party claimed that on "Evers’ watch…the efficiency of the state crime lab has plummeted." Though the number of cases referred to the labs has dropped since 2018, the average amount of processing time for some areas, such as DNA samples, toxicology and controlled substances has increased. But in other areas, such as firearms, the lab decreased the average processing time. So it’s really more of a mixed bag. The party also misses the mark in that Evers has a very  limited role over operation of the lab. Indeed, Evers included money in the most recent budget to add several positions, but it was nixed by the Republican-controlled Legislature.   We rate this  as , which means the statement is partially accurate, but leaves out important facts that would give a different impression.
Statement: President Barack Obama "said at the beginning of the negotiations that the basic approach was to dismantle Iran's nuclear program in exchange for dismantling the sanctions.
Speaker: tom cotton
About the speaker: Tom Cotton, a Republican, was elected to the House of Representatives in 2012 from a district in Arkansas.
Date: July 15, 2015
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military;nuclear
Context: an interview on CNN's "New Day"
Fact-check justification: Cotton said that Obama "said at the beginning of the negotiations that the basic approach was to dismantle Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for dismantling the sanctions." In 2007 or even as late as 2012, that might have been , though believing so requires some careful parsing of the words and intentions of Obama and his advisers. Still, by late 2013 -- the negotiation period Cotton specifically referred to -- the administration had settled on a strategy of blocking a pathway to a nuclear weapon, rather than eliminating any trace of nuclear activities in Iran, including energy. On Dec. 7, 2013, Obama himself explicitly repudiated the idea that it would be possible to fully dismantle "every single nut and bolt of their nuclear program." We rate Cotton’s statement .
Statement: Says a series of photos show Iranian rockets being launched toward U.S. air bases in Iraq.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 7, 2020
Topics: iran;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Its source is the Associated Press. Below is footage that Iran has released from its Jan. 7 strike in Iraq. There were no reported casualties. The Facebook posts are . We rate them .
Statement: Only one president has ever cut Medicare for seniors in this country . . . Barack Obama.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: December 10, 2011
Location: national
Topics: medicare
Context: a Republican presidential primary debate
Fact-check justification: Romney said, "only one president has ever cut Medicare for seniors in this country and it's Barack Obama." The statement gets it  on every front. The Medicare belt was tightened in 1981 and 1982 under Reagan, in 1989 under the first President Bush and again in 1997 under Clinton. So Obama is in no way the only president to cut the program. Further, by specifying that Obama cut Medicare "for seniors," Romney seems to mean that the president slashed benefits, not just the program’s spending. That’s even more egregious. Other presidents have made changes to Medicare that reduced benefits for seniors, while the health care law Obama signed actually increases them. That’s a lot of inaccuracy in a single sentence. We rate Romney’s statement .
Statement: Says COVID-19 testing could be done with mouth swabs, so maybe deeper swabbing is "implanting something.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 7, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims COVID-19 testing could be done with mouth swabs, so maybe deeper swabbing is "implanting something." Mouth swabs can be done for testing, though nasal swabs are considered more accurate. There’s no  of "implanting." We rate the statement .
Statement: You've been tremendously deceived" by people who say the Earth is not flat.
Speaker: b.o.b.
About the speaker: Bobby Ray Simmons, known as B.o.B., is a rapper and music producer.
Date: January 25, 2016
Topics: corrections and updates;science;space;punditfact
Context: a Jan. 25 tweet
Fact-check justification: Rapper B.o.B. said, "You've been tremendously deceived" by people who say the Earth is not flat. The world’s scientists have gathered proof that the Earth is round for centuries. Now that we’re in an age where we can view the Earth from space, we can say with certainty that our planet is spherical. Even without a spaceship, we can see the effects of a round Earth by watching a ship on the horizon or looking out of an airplane window on a clear day. B.o.B.’s  is ! Correction: Ferdinand Magellan was Portuguese, not Spanish. An earlier version of this article was  on this point.
Statement: Antifa now banging on residents' doors in Seattle, demanding food & supplies. If they don't get it, the house gets vandalized.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 14, 2020
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Considering the network I have across the city, I would have heard if something like that was actually widespread," he added. Representatives of four other neighborhood groups in northeast Seattle echoed these sentiments.   According to news reports, some Seattle residents are certainly frustrated living near the Capitol Hill Organized Protest and have "expressed concerns about their safety and security in an area that demonstrators want to be police-free," KING 5 News reported . But we didn’t find any media coverage that lent credence to the Facebook post.   We rate it .
Statement: (Mary) Burke's company," Trek Bicycles, "makes 99% of their bikes overseas.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: July 22, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;workers
Context: a campaign TV ad
Fact-check justification: The best available numbers, from Trek’s own mouth, lend credence to the 99 percent , as do the best educated guesses by industry analysts. So the ad’s main thrust is correct. Calling Trek "Burke’s company" is somewhat problematic, though. She held a management position there and still owns stock, but she left a decade ago and seven years before the 2011 story that yielded the 99 percent figure. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Says two of U.S. Rep. Nancy Pelosi's daughters were arrested for smuggling drugs.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 6, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a series of Internet posts
Fact-check justification: The grand finale is a July 9 post on TheLastLineOfDefense.org under the headline, "Liberal troll paid $100K for Nancy Pelosi drug bust hoax." The post said George Soros paid the author to fool people for his own amusement, but that "in the end, everyone knows Pelosi is guilty and (Hillary) Clinton is behind everything." Don’t be fooled by tales of Pelosi’s daughters being busted for drugs. It’s a fictional soap opera created to amuse trolls. We rate this  !