chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: On (Tom) Wolf's watch, taxes were high, killing 100,000 PA jobs.
Speaker: tom corbett
About the speaker: Tom Corbett, a Republican, was elected governor of Pennsylvania in 2010. Previously, he served as state attorney general.
Date: April 30, 2014
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;taxes
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: Corbett’s ad claimed that "on Wolf’s watch, taxes were high, killing 100,000 PA jobs." The ad has a point that Wolf, as a Rendell appointee, did at times give rhetorical support to some of the governor’s proposed tax hikes (as well as some proposed tax reductions). But the ad  the influence that Wolf, as the operational head of the state’s tax-collection department, had on crafting tax policy. Most of the state’s tax structure was set long before he took office, and most of his job was to carry out tax laws, not craft them. Meanwhile, the ad suggests that taxes are to blame for the job losses on his watch, when in fact Wolf’s time in office coincided with the start of the national economic downturn -- a much more plausible reason for rising unemployment. We rate the  .
Statement: The abortion pill has been linked to the deaths of at least 28 women in the U.S. alone.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: April 12, 2023
Location: national
Topics: abortion;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Live Action claimed that mifepristone has caused 28 cases of maternal death. This is a misreading of the available data. The FDA reported 28 out of 5.6 million people died between 2000 and 2022 after taking mifepristone, but the agency did not attribute those deaths to the drug. The report showed that these deaths included cases of homicide, suicide and drug overdoses.  The statement contains an element of  — 28 deaths are listed in the report — but it omits critical facts about the nature of the deaths and number of patients involved that would give a different impression. We rate it . Click here to read more about PolitiFact’s methodology for independent fact-checking
Statement: There are 321,092 public school teachers in Texas. And there are 313,850 non-teachers in our public schools.
Speaker: empower texans
About the speaker: A nonprofit and political action committee that advocates for limited government.
Date: May 14, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: education;message machine 2010;taxes
Context: a Web video
Fact-check justification: More recent data available from the agency shows both have increased; still, the ratio of teachers to non-teachers is about the same. But Sullivan's online call to action doesn't do justice to the state's actual mix of school workers. The majority of non-teachers aren't administrators or paper shufflers; they're people who work directly with students including counselors, librarians, therapists and bus drivers. We rate Sullivan's statement as . This story was updated to correct the total number of public school employees to 634,942.
Statement: Wind powers nearly 13 million homes across the country.
Speaker: jennette gayer
About the speaker: Jennette Gayer is staff advocate for Environment Georgia
Date: January 2, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: environment
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: It’s not possible to say for sure how many homes actually use wind-generated electricity. But it is clear that there is enough produced to power millions of homes. To sum up, Environment Georgia analyst Jennette Gayer said wind powers about 13 million homes across America. From the people we interviewed and research we’ve seen, this  seems to have some juice. We rate it .
Statement: Says "If you compare the Portland Metro area to the CDC's statewide cavity rates ... the Portland Metro area would actually rank as having the 15th lowest cavity rate in the U.S.
Speaker: clean water portland
About the speaker: Clean Water Portland opposes Measure 26-151 on the May 21 ballot in Portland, Ore. The measure would authorize adding fluoride to the city's drinking water.
Date: April 8, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: public health;water
Context: a campaign flier
Fact-check justification: The numbers relied on by fluoride opponents do not show that New York has the 15th lowest cavity rate in the country. There is no national ranking of state cavity statistics because not all states have reported numbers, states may differ on sampling, and states report numbers for different years. Oregon’s numbers for Multnomah County include three grades, compared with one grade for the aged New York statistic cited. Public health experts we interviewed say it is not appropriate to compare a county percentage to the percentage of another state. We rule the statement .
Statement: The Arab Spring … "drove up gas prices.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 6, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;energy;foreign policy
Context: a press conference at the White House
Fact-check justification: Obama is right that the Arab Spring was a factor in the increase in gasoline prices. But it's important to note that prices were rising before the democratic movements began. And experts say that while there was some impact on prices, the overall increase is the result of many factors. We rate Obama's  .
Statement: Our community (Tampa Bay) is one of the 10 most threatened by the sea level rise in the world.
Speaker: sierra club
About the speaker: Sierra Club is a grassroots environmental organization.
Date: February 22, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: climate change;transportation
Context: a letter from Tampa Bay Group chairman Kent Bailey to Hillsborough County commissioners
Fact-check justification: Sierra Club's Bailey said, "Our community (Tampa Bay) is one of the 10 most threatened by the sea level rise in the world." He cited credible research that showed the region is among the most at risk of property damage from coastal flooding. He’s conflating that research with the effects of sea level rise, but several experts told us the problems are related. It's striking that Tampa Bay is already in great danger when it comes to potential property loss, but Bailey should have been more specific. There are other ways to measure the consequences of rising oceans beyond real estate. When we consider some of these factors, other major cities could be considered worse off than Tampa Bay. The statement is accurate but needs clarification. We rate it .
Statement: Robot attacks factory worker" in video.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 8, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "Damn nice editing," one person said, to which the account replied with a prayer hands emoji.   "It looked really real and I got a bit scared I gotta admit it," someone else said. The account replied with two grinning emojis. When someone asked what the animation is called, the account replied that the company "made it in Blender," animation software . We rate claims that this is real security camera footage of a robot attacking a factory worker .
Statement: The four big meat packers are raking in record profits … 
Speaker: abigail spanberger
About the speaker: Abigail Spanberger is the 2018 Democratic nominee for the 7th Congressional seat in Virginia. A former CIA agent, she is challenging incumbent Republican Dave Brat
Date: June 16, 2022
Location: virginia
Topics: agriculture;corporations;economy
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: The CEOs also said that inflation has increased processing and transportation costs and those added expenses have been passed on to consumers. Spanberger wrote, "The four big meat packers are raking in record profits." The big four are JBS Foods, Tyson Foods, Cargill and Marfrig. Each of the four reported record net income in the latest year-over-year financial information we could find. We rate Spanberger’s statement .
Statement: Says Meghan Markle tweeted about Oprah Winfrey following her primetime interview.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 7, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: When it was still in operation, its account profile noted that it was "#parody." We find no  that Markle has her own public Twitter account.   News reports around the interview did reference a nondisclosure agreement that Winfrey’s crew and staff had to sign, vowing not to reveal any information from the pre-recorded interview before it aired. But this parody tweet is unrelated to those reports. We rate this post !
Statement: Rhode Island is one of only six states" to use E-Verify.
Speaker: lincoln chafee
About the speaker: Lincoln Chafee is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He served one four-year term as Rhode Island's governor, beginning on Jan. 4, 2011. He was the first Independent to be elected to that office. He subsequently became a Democrat. As a Republican, he served as mayor of Warwick from 1992 to 1999, when he was appointed to the U.S. Senate following the death of his father, Sen. John H. Chafee. He was elected to a full Senate term in 2000. He is married with three children. In April 2015 he formed an exploratory committee to consider running for President.
Date: November 15, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: immigration
Context: comments to reporters following a news conference
Fact-check justification: But not when they repeat  information. In this case, after The Providence Journal quoted him on the "six states" in June, the candidate posted the story on his campaign website where it remained as of Nov. 18. Chafee has repeatedly condemned Carcieri's executive order and promised to repeal it once he takes office. In challenging such a controversial policy, he owed it to constituents on both sides of the debate to do his homework on the current laws before speaking out. We rate this .
Statement: A proposed San Antonio ordinance will allow men into women's restrooms in the city.
Speaker: texas values
About the speaker: Established in 2012, Texas Values is an Austin-based advocacy group that says it "speaks up for faith, family, and freedom through public policy, grassroots mobilization, and by standing for the truth in media."
Date: August 15, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: city government;legal issues
Context: an email blast
Fact-check justification: Texas Values’ email said, "San Antonio Ordinance to Allow Men into Women’s Restrooms." We found nothing in law that says San Antonio men can’t go into women’s restrooms now, or vice versa. The City of San Antonio and the councilman who proposed the measure said it won’t change any bathroom policies that are now in place. The city attorney said in a newspaper commentary that an appeals court decision means a San Antonio business owner would still be able to prevent someone from entering a bathroom, regardless of that person’s gender identity. We rate the group’s statement as .   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The government is going to tell Americans they need to replace functioning stoves in their homes with 'government-certified' stoves and use taxpayer dollars to do so.
Speaker: house republican conference
About the speaker: House Republicans are represented by the House Republican Conference.
Date: July 17, 2009
Location: national
Topics: environment;cap and trade;climate change;energy
Context: the House Republicans' Web site
Fact-check justification: They are under no obligation to do so." So Republicans are right that taxpayer money is being used to subsidize upgraded stoves but they are distorting how the program works. The government is not "going to tell Americans they need to replace functioning stoves in their homes with 'government-certified' stoves." The government is merely offering an incentive to replace them. So we find the Republican  .
Statement: 110 people a day move to Austin.
Speaker: lynda rife
About the speaker: Lynda Rife is an Austin consultant who has worked for causes and candidates. In 2014, she was the campaign manager for Let's Go Austin, which advocated for a city proposition to spend $1 billion on roads and a rail project.
Date: November 4, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: city budget;city government;population
Context: a news story
Fact-check justification: Rife said 110 people move to Austin a day. We failed to pin the basis for this oft-aired figure, but it is in the ballpark with federal estimates of the number of people recently moving into the city's five-county region. But Austin alone? The latest estimates we found for the city -- the entity most affected by the road-and-rails package Rife was discussing when she declared her 110 -- signal that even more people move into the city each day. Yet that's counterbalanced by nearly as many people moving out -- leaving a balance of perhaps 40 to 60 settled newcomers a day. We rate the 110-a-day-to-Austin statement .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Taking into account inflation, the federal minimum wage is actually worth less than what it was worth 50 years ago.
Speaker: tina smith
About the speaker: Tina Smith, a Democrat from Minnesota, was appointed to the U.S. Senate in 2017, filling a vacancy created when Al Franken resigned. Smith had previously served as lieutenant governor.
Date: May 21, 2018
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Smith said, "Taking into account inflation, the federal minimum wage is actually worth less than what it was worth 50 years ago." Smith’s strict comparison with 50 years ago is accurate, and her comparison even holds for most years out of the past 50, suggesting that the year she picked is not an unreasonable choice. We rate the statement .
Statement: Trained police hit their targets less than 30 percent of the time.
Speaker: shannon watts
About the speaker: Shannon Watts is founder of the gun control advocacy group Moms Demand Action.
Date: May 21, 2018
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Watts said, "Trained police hit their targets less than 30 percent of the time." By saying less than 30 percent, Watts is distorting the facts. A national figure for police marksmanship is not readily available.  Overall, data from some jurisdictions supports Watts’ , while other data refutes it. This  is partially accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Says officials in Washington, D.C., are "jamming all communications.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: June 1, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a hashtag
Fact-check justification: Twitter posts using the hashtag #dcblackout suggested that officials in Washington started "jamming all communications" to quell unrest at Black Lives Matter demonstrations. There’s no  of any effort. Experts say #dcblackout appears to have been part of a coordinated social media disinformation campaign that grew on Twitter and spread to other platforms.  We rate the  .
Statement: New law (in California) makes it illegal to shower and do laundry on same day
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: June 5, 2018
Topics: environment;corrections and updates;fake news;water;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A headline stated, "New law makes it illegal to shower and do laundry on same day." The new California legislation does not actually make this combination illegal, nor does it create a financial penalty for residents whose water use exceeds a 55-gallon daily limit. Some Californians will need to use less water, but the police will not come knocking or demanding hefty fines should someone shower and do laundry on the same day. We rate this statement . Update:  The Federalist Papers Project responded to our request for comment shortly after publication, saying its report was "accurate based on the source we used" and linking to an article in Fox News’ opinion section. Our ruling remains the same.
Statement: We know in November 2021 that "none of your previous vaccines will protect you now from the emerging variant omicron.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 26, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Jesse Bloom, an evolutionary biologist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, told the New York Times that "probably in a few weeks we’ll have a better sense of how much this variant is spreading and how necessary it might be to push forward with a variant vaccine. "   But to  definitively in November 2021 that the vaccines won’t work against omicron is not accurate. It’s yet unknown and subject to more research.   We rate this  .
Statement: Joe Biden launched unarmed nuclear bombs as a "Russia threat.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: June 24, 2023
Topics: military;russia
Context: a TikTok post
Fact-check justification: We rate the TikTok post . RELATED: TikTok fact-checks RELATED: Ted Cruz: Obama said Iran has a ‘right’ to nuclear weapons. Not quite RELATED: Lie of the Year 2022: Putin’s lies to wage war and conceal horror in Ukraine
Statement: Mitt Romney did not run his campaign on the basis of arguing his experience in the business world was a reason to vote for him.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: July 24, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;negative campaigning
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Walker said that "Mitt Romney did not run his campaign on the basis of arguing his experience in the business world was a reason to vote for him." To the contrary, Romney made frequent and high-profile use of his extensive private-sector credentials, making them the core of his deep and sustained criticism of Obama’s record on handling the economy. Nobody would know that better than Walker, who helped remind voters of nominee’s business-world record. The  is  and . .
Statement: The "priorities" of more than three-quarters of Americans are to increase the minimum wage, create a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants, and require background checks for gun buyers.
Speaker: al sharpton
About the speaker: The Rev. Al Sharpton, a minister based in New York City, is founder of the National Action Network civil rights organization. He is a nationally syndicated radio talk show host and he hosts MSNBC PoliticsNation. Sharpton has run for the U.S. Senate and was a Democratic candidate for president in 2004.
Date: December 4, 2013
Topics: immigration;jobs;punditfact;guns
Context: a broadcast of MSNBC's Politics Nation
Fact-check justification: Sharpton said the "priorities" of more than three-quarters of Americans are to increase the minimum wage, create a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants, and require background checks for gun buyers. Polling generally backs up his  about how Americans view those three issues, though there’s some variation in the polls, often depending on how the question is worded. However, it does not seem that these issues are "priorities" for the American public, as Sharpton claimed. In fact, he used the word three times in the space of a few sentences. So we give that part of the  significant weight. We rate his  .
Statement: Photos of the alleged Buffalo shooting gunman show two different people.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 14, 2022
Location: new york
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But in some photos from the hearing, it looks more brown. That appears to be because some images taken at the hearing were shot through a plexiglass partition separating the defendant from the gallery where the public and press sit.   There’s no  to support the  that the person photographed in the courtroom is not the same person photographed outside the grocery store. Both are Gendron.   We rate this post !
Statement: We've doubled the production of clean energy.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 9, 2015
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Knoxville, Tenn
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "we’ve doubled the production of clean energy." The White House said he was referring to wind, solar and geothermal, which are three types of renewable resources promoted in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. The Energy Information Administration confirmed that capacity had basically doubled between 2009 and 2012, accomplishing Obama’s goals. Renewable resource advocates also agreed that the Recovery Act contributed to that growth. Obama didn’t mention, however, that so-called "clean energy" still accounts for a sliver of U.S. energy production, which overwhelmingly relies on fossil fuels. Nor does it include other kinds of renewable energy, such as biomass and hydroelectric, which have remained relatively flat. We rate the statement .