chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: While states used to have regulatory power over fishing, federal law now regulates down to the tenth of the inch the minimum size of fish that anglers can keep.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: January 8, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: regulation;states
Context: a 90-page manifesto decrying federal overreach
Fact-check justification: In a January declaration promoting a restoration of powers to the states, Texas Gov. Greg Abbott complained, "While states used to have regulatory power over fishing, federal law now regulates down to the tenth of the inch the minimum size of fish that anglers can keep." According to authorities, both the state of Texas and the federal government set minimum lengths for keeping fish caught by anglers. The feds’ authority, however, only begins at nine miles from the coast of Texas, right where the state’s jurisdiction ends. In other words, the federal government has taken no regulatory authority away from the states when it comes to minimum fish lengths. Moreover, since the state of Texas and the federal government both set similar limits specific only to the nearest whole inch, the suggestion the feds’ rules are stricter doesn’t hold water. We rate this :   – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: More people have died of an opioid overdose in North Carolina in recent years than have died of COVID.
Speaker: josh stein
About the speaker: Josh Stein, North Carolina Attorney General
Date: August 3, 2021
Location: north carolina
Topics: drugs;coronavirus
Context: a Council of State meeting
Fact-check justification: Stein said "More people have died of an opioid overdose in North Carolina in recent years than have died of COVID." Excluding 2021, it appears as if we’d need to combine more than 10 years of opioid fatality data to reach the same number of coronavirus deaths North Carolina has counted since the start of the pandemic. Preliminary opioid death numbers from 2021 aren’t available and officials haven’t finished confirming the total for 2020, so it’s possible that they’ll push the recent totals higher than expected. But we feel like it’s a stretch for Stein to compare North Carolina’s opioid deaths over the last 11 years to COVID deaths in North Carolina, which total more than 13,700 over 18 months. We rate his statement .
Statement: Austin's the fastest-growing city in the country the last five years.
Speaker: tim finchem
About the speaker: Tim Finchem, the PGA Tour commissioner for more than 20 years, has said he plans to step down at the end of 2016.
Date: March 27, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: population
Context: a sports column by Kirk Bohls of the Austin American-Statesman
Fact-check justification: Finchem said: "Austin’s the fastest-growing city in the country the last five years." Census data support his , though a few clarifications are in order. Over five years, the greater Austin area, sweeping in several counties, had the fastest growth rate of any metro area that was also home to 200,000 residents or more. And from April 2010 through June 2014, Austin by itself ranked first by growth rate among cities with 250,000 residents or more; less populous cities grew faster. We rate the happy tourist’s statement .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Darryl Hicks had seven ethics violations and didn't pay most of the fines.
Speaker: mark butler
About the speaker: Republican Mark Butler is a candidate for Georgia labor commissioner
Date: October 17, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: ethics
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: But his statement leaves out important details and context that could give voters a different impression. The ethics act is much tougher on other acts of improper conduct. We believe Butler's statement could give viewers the impression that Hicks committed ethical lapses along the lines of what was included in SB 17. Also, most of the fines were paid before last week. We rate Butler's  against Hicks as .
Statement: Since February 2009, our economy has lost roughly 3 million private sector jobs while the federal government has grown by more than 400,000 jobs.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: July 15, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: economy
Context: the Detroit News
Fact-check justification: By way of comparison, we used BLS estimates of the temporary Census work force to adjust the monthly employment figures. Doing so drops the January 2009 federal employment level by 5,000 to 2,798,000, while the June 2010 level drops by 339,000 to 2,869,000. That reduces the federal employment increase to 71,000 -- far less than the 400,000 Boehner cited. While technically accurate, Boehner's statistics are  because the government workforce is inflated by the temporary census workers. For this reason, we rate his  .
Statement: I don't think it's been proven that the game of football causes CTE.
Speaker: larry fedora
About the speaker: Larry Fedora is head coach of the football team at the University of North Carolina
Date: July 18, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: public health;science;sports
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Fedora said it hasn’t been "proven that the game of football causes CTE." He’s right that there hasn’t been a controlled study showing, conclusively, that playing football directly causes CTE. However, studies have shown CTE in the brains of more than 100 former football players, and the NFL has acknowledged a link between football and CTE. There’s enough  to show a connection between football and CTE. We rate this  .
Statement: Says he could be "the first president in modern history to be outspent.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 26, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: campaign finance;history
Context: a fundraising email
Fact-check justification: Obama was  to suggest that there hadn’t been other presidents in modern history to be outraised in their re-elections. Looking at numbers alone, Carter and Clinton fall into that category. But what we are comparing is  primary races then with total fundraising for the general election now. We think 1980 and 1996 certainly fall under "modern history," but the campaign finance picture has changed dramatically since then, and there are important caveats to those races. Those earlier races involved public financing -- this time Obama and Romney are forgoing those dollars. We rate this  .
Statement: Many of these teachers are soldiers, ex-soldiers, ex-policeman.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 10, 2023
Location: national
Topics: education;veterans;guns
Context: a CNN town hall
Fact-check justification: Discussing the idea of arming teachers in schools to limit mass shootings, Trump said, "Many of these teachers are soldiers, ex-soldiers, ex-policeman." Education Department data for 2019 shows about 2% of the nation’s 5.4 million teachers are military veterans. Roughly 107,000 people is not a small number, but it represents a tiny fraction of the teaching corps. We found no data on what percentage of teachers are ex-police officers, and Trump’s campaign provided no . We rate this  .  RELATED : Research: Armed campus police do not prevent school shootings RELATED : Fact-checking Donald Trump’s CNN town hall claims on Jan. 6, abortion, Mar-a-Lago documents
Statement: People have lost faith in the ability of the vaccine to work. Already, the numbers are really staggeringly low.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: December 3, 2020
Topics: polls and public opinion;public health;coronavirus
Context: an interview with CNN
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "People have lost faith in the ability of the vaccine to work. Already, the numbers are really staggeringly low." Experts agree that the initial percentages of Americans saying they’re willing to take the vaccine are lower than would be ideal to fully eradicate the coronavirus, and that the numbers are especially low among racial and ethnic minorities even though those groups have been hit disproportionately by the pandemic. However, experts aren’t despairing yet, because they see public opinion as fluid and likely to be shaped by new information, including regulatory approvals and the rollout of the actual vaccines. History has also shown that concerted educational efforts can help increase comfort with new vaccines. We rate the statement .
Statement: Said Adolf Hitler and Donald Trump have both described deportations as "a military operation.
Speaker: brendan reilly
About the speaker: Brendan Reilly is a Chicago alderman in the city's 42 Ward.  
Date: February 24, 2017
Location: illinois
Topics: immigration
Context: on Twitter
Fact-check justification: A recent tweet from Chicago Ald. Brendan Reilly compared a quote from President Trump to the military aspirations of Adolf Hitler. Trump was quoted as saying his deportation plan is a military operation. Reilly responded in a tweet saying, "I seem to recall a guy in mid-1930s Germany who said the same thing." After reviewing sources from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the Holocaust Denial on Trial website, we could not find any record of Hitler expressly calling his deportation of Jews a military operation. The Nazis were known for keeping their plans secret, and while Hitler spurred the majority of the anti-Semitic rhetoric in Nazi Germany, there are no records expressly describing deportations in the 1930s as a military operation. Information from Trinity College’s Professor Evelein and the Hamburg Institute for Social Research revealed the German army did have a hand in carrying out the deportation of Jews. Finally, as Evelein pointed out, there are many differences between Trump’s deportation plan and the plan Hitler carried out, including the criteria for deportation and in the case of European Jews, torture and execution. Reilly’s statement contains an element of  but ignores many important facts. Overall, we rate this  .
Statement: The most popular name is no longer John or Steven. It's Jose, Camilo and Maria.
Speaker: jorge ramos
About the speaker: Jorge Ramos is a journalist and anchor for Univision, a Spanish-language network airing the United States. He also hosts America with Jorge Ramos in English on Fusion TV.
Date: December 5, 2013
Topics: immigration;families;race and ethnicity;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of the "Daily Show"
Fact-check justification: Ramos said that the most popular names are no longer John or Steven, but Jose, Camilo and Maria. Afterward, Ramos said he was thinking of states with large Hispanic populations. With that caveat, he has a bit of a point. In states with the highest percentage of Hispanics, Jose beats out John and Steven. Camilo and Maria are not really contenders. None of these names are the most popular in any state. We rate the  .
Statement: This is the first time since the Depression that unemployment has stayed above 9 percent for two consecutive years.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: August 1, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;history
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: But that isn't correct either. If you go back a full two years, the unemployment rate in July 2008 was 5.8 percent. From today's vantage point, that seems like a whole lifetime ago. So any way you look at it, Boehner's statistic was . We rate his statement .
Statement: Nicole Kidman 'blacklisted' from Hollywood for vowing to support president.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 22, 2017
Topics: pop culture;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: She’s also been an executive producer on several projects.   She’s also starred in the HBO show "Big Little Lies" alongside Meryl Streep. In September, USA Today reported that it was Streep who convinced Kidman to take the role of ex-"Fox & Friends" host Gretchen Carlson in "Bombshell," which is in theaters now.   If  emerges that Kidman was blacklisted from Hollywood because of her support for Trump, we’ll reconsider our rating.  available now indicates it’s .
Statement: Under HR 1, a person can still vote if they are 16, in the U.S. illegally, have no ID and have not registered to vote
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 8, 2021
Topics: congress;elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A cartoon on Facebook said that under H.R. 1, a person can still vote if they are 16, in the U.S. illegally, have no ID and have not registered to vote. The cartoon is  on the first two points: The legislation would allow 16-year-olds to preregister, but not cast ballots, and only eligible citizens can vote. It leaves out important context on the other two points. The legislation would allow a process for a voter without ID to present a sworn statement instead, and it would allow same-day registration. Many states already have these provisions. The overall message of the cartoon is that H.R. 1 opens the door to fraud and allowing ineligible people to vote. It ignores the security provisions and eligibility checks in the bill. We rate this statement .  RELATED: Fact-checking  attacks on the HR 1 voting rights bill RELATED: No, HR 1 would not allow the Boston Marathon bomber to vote from prison RELATED: Fact-checking  attacks on HR 1, Democrats’ voting rights bill RELATED: No, HR 1 doesn't 'allow minors to vote'
Statement: We are winning the popular vote.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 1, 2008
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: San Juan, Puerto Rico
Fact-check justification: For Clinton's statement to be , a lot hinges on how you think Michigan's votes should be counted, and how you handle voter support in the caucus states. We can't say how Obama would have done in Michigan if his name had been on the ballot, but he certainly would have garnered more than zero votes. The wishes of voters in caucus states should also be considered for a  on the popular vote. Finally, some could argue that you shouldn't count Florida since neither candidate campaigned there. For all of these reasons, we find Clinton's argument that she's winning the popular vote to be  only if you consider the messy, real-world results in the light most favorable to Clinton, and for this reason we find her  .
Statement: Says "unemployment tripled" in Dane County due to Kathleen Falk's tax policies
Speaker: republican governors association
About the speaker: the gubernatorial campaign arm of the Republican Party.
Date: March 29, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: county budget;county government;economy;jobs
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The two big spikes in unemployment during Falk’s time coincided with national recessions, the latest fueled by the global meltdown in housing and financial markets. And on taxes, Falk  held to a yearly tax hike tied to inflation plus population growth. Only 15 of the state’s 72 counties had a lower cumulative tax levy increase during the time she was exec, we found in an earlier item. In short, the RGA  is accurate on the numbers, but misfires by tying Falk so closely to the unemployment rise. We rate the  .
Statement: The U.S. loses more on tax breaks than it collects in personal income taxes.
Speaker: mark warner
About the speaker: Mark Warner, a Democrat, has represented Virginia in the U.S. Senate since 2009. He serves on the Banking, Budget, Commerce and Intelligence committees. He is the honorary co-chairman of the Forward Together PAC.
Warner gave the keynote address at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. Warner previously served as governor of Virginia from 2002 to 2006. He also ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in 1996. Before public office, Warner was an early investor in the cell phone business, co-founded the company that became Nextel.
Warner was born in Indianapolis, Ind., and grew up in Illinois and Connecticut. Warner graduated from George Washington University, Washington, D.C. He received a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass.
Date: January 25, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: deficit;federal budget;taxes
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: The tax changes would lead lead to $785 billion in debt reduction. Let’s review. Warner says the U.S. gives up more in income tax breaks than it receives in income tax revenues. Anyway you dice the figures, he’s right. We rate his statement: .
Statement: In Libya, "America spent $2 billion total and didn't lose a single life.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 21, 2011
Location: national
Topics: military;new hampshire 2012
Context: Plymouth, N.H
Fact-check justification: The vice president’s $2 billion figure is nearly double the $1.1 billion reported by the Pentagon and largely supported by military analysts. But, those same analysts note that there are other costs related to military actions that often are not reported. Nevertheless, even the higher number supports Biden’s deeper point. The military intervention in Libya -- in addition to not resulting in a single American military fatality -- cost the country less than 1 percent what the Pentagon has spent in Iraq and Afghanistan. We rate Biden’s  .
Statement: Says Arkansas Republican Rep. Tom Cotton voted to provide Congress with "taxpayer-funded health care for life.
Speaker: patriot majority usa
About the speaker: Patriot Majority USA describes itself as an organization hoping to empower all Americans. Its action plan includes providing more money for public schools, improving the nation’s roads and bridges, supporting the federal health care law’s provision that allows parents to keep their children on their insurance until the age of 26, and closing tax loopholes for special-interest groups.
Date: June 27, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: The ad suggests that Cotton, in a self-interested fashion, voted to provide lawmakers and aides with free ride from the taxpayers -- a boondoggle, basically. But viewed in context, the vote wasn't about that. Moreover, it’s a stretch to say the Federal Employee Health Benefit Program amounts to "taxpayer-funded health care for life." While the government does fund a portion of federal employees’ health insurance costs, it does so in the same capacity as any private-sector employer that offers health insurance to its workers. And the coverage doesn’t last "for life." We rate the  !
Statement: If you shut down Amtrak's Northeast Corridor, it's estimated you'd have to add seven new lanes to I-95 to accommodate the increased traffic.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: February 8, 2011
Location: national
Topics: census;transportation
Context: Philadelphia
Fact-check justification: Biden based his comment on a professionally done, federally sponsored study. However, experts note methodological shortcomings, notably that the study does not factor in air travel, and they offer alternative models that suggest less drastic shifts than seven-lane increases. In addition, Biden compounded these uncertainties by his framing of the study. We don’t think the average person would have assumed he was talking about shutting down commuter rail systems as well as Amtrak. On balance, we rate his statement .
Statement: Donald Trump "called the military that I served in a disaster.
Speaker: john hutson
About the speaker: John Hutson is a retired United States Navy rear admiral and the former Judge Advocate General of the Navy.
Date: July 27, 2016
Location: national
Topics: military
Context: Philadelphia
Fact-check justification: Trump "called the military that I served in a disaster." Trump did say that, almost verbatim. But it’s worth noting that Hutson has described Trump’s words as a personal affront to the institution he devoted his career to, drawing the most unflattering interpretation for a statement that is far less specific. Hutson’s statement is accurate but needs additional information, so we rate it .