chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Why are Muslim armies so useless against ISIS? ... There are 20,000 or 30,000 (ISIS fighters). The countries surrounding ISIS have armies totaling 5 million people.
Speaker: bill maher
About the speaker: Bill Maher is a comedian and host of HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher. He also works as a comedian and actor.
Date: February 10, 2016
Topics: iraq;foreign policy;military;terrorism;punditfact
Context: The Hollywood Reporter
Fact-check justification: Maher said, "There are 20,000 or 30,000 (ISIS fighters). The countries surrounding ISIS have armies totaling 5 million people." Maher based his ISIS estimate on a widely reported estimate, though the White House has downgraded the official estimate a bit. It’s Maher’s tally of surrounding armies that needs more explanation. He's including reservists — not just active military and paramilitary — in his definition of "army." The question of which nations to include as "surrounding" countries is more subjective. Maher is folding in five that don't share a border with ISIS' strongholds but nonetheless play key roles in Arab affairs. We think the statement needs that kind of clarification, so we rate it .
Statement: As state Commerce secretary, Mary Burke drafted, sponsored and promoted "budgets that raised taxes by billions, created high structural deficits and raided funds to finance huge spending hikes.
Speaker: republican party of wisconsin
About the speaker: The Wisconsin Republican Party works to elect Republicans to state and federal offices and advance the GOP agenda.
Date: February 10, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: There are accurate elements here but some critical facts are ignored or misstated. Burke had a hand in budgeting, as any cabinet member would, and lauded two Doyle budgets, which did indeed leave high structural deficits and bust into segregated funds. But it’s a big overstatement to say she "drafted" two overall state budgets, especially given that the 2005-07 version came out just one day after she joined Doyle’s administration. In any event, those two budget proposals from Doyle raised taxes by $1.35 billion, not "billions" as claimed. We rate this  .
Statement: Vietnamese is the third most commonly spoken language in Texas.
Speaker: john cornyn
About the speaker: John Cornyn is a U.S. senator from Texas, former Texas attorney general and former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He earlier served as a Bexar County state district judge.
Date: May 23, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: population;states
Context: Senate floor remarks
Fact-check justification: Cornyn said Vietnamese is the third-most-spoken language in Texas. Survey data supports this  though English or Spanish is spoken by far more residents. We rate the  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/6c1cadb7-066f-4ab9-9e61-00a254d1ed01
Statement: (President Barack Obama gave) half a billion in taxpayer money to help his friends at Solyndra, a business the White House knew was on the path to bankruptcy.
Speaker: americans for prosperity
About the speaker: Americans for Prosperity is a conservative group advocates for limited government, free markets and fiscal and regulatory restraint.
Date: November 2, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: campaign finance;corporations;energy;ethics;jobs;stimulus
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Solyndra's story is unfinished. FBI and congressional investigations continue, and more information about the loan guarantee program may yet come to light.  The TV ad says "(President Barack Obama gave) half a billion in taxpayer money to help his friends at Solyndra, a business the White House knew was on the path to bankruptcy." Some of this is correct, while some isn't supported by the existing . First, the money wasn't Obama's to give. Solyndra's request predated his administration, and career Energy Department officials handled the deal. Second, e-mails so far don't show an administration pushing through a loan to help Obama's "friends at Solyndra." Rather, it appears the administration asked the Energy Department officials to hurry the regular process, so the administration could burnish its stimulus efforts.  Third, while e-mails raised doubts about Solyndra's liquidity as the Energy Department finalized the loan, those questions were answered by an official who argued investors would step in to protect the project — red flags, yes. But awareness in the White House the company would dissolve? No. The government wasn't the only blindsided investor — private investors put up far more, and stand to lose more, than taxpayers. The Solyndra story might be one of the poor design of the Energy Department's loan guarantee program — something the Government Accountability Office has pointed out since 2008.  And with the congressional investigation ongoing, we may learn more about the Obama administration's role in the loan program — perhaps better supporting the ad's claims. For now, though, information in the public record does not support the ad's  that the Obama White House is a pay-to-play cash machine for the politically well-connected. We rate this ad's  .
Statement: Human traffickers are putting toxin-laced tissues on gas pumps and door handles, then waiting for potential victims to pass out.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 12, 2022
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram video claims that human traffickers are placing tissues laden with toxins on gas pumps and car door handles in attempts to kidnap victims. While there have been incidents in which people reported seeing or coming in contact with tissues being placed on gas tanks or car door handles, experts in human trafficking say they have not seen  that this is part of a wider human trafficking trend. A spokesperson for an organization that runs a national human trafficking hotline said she wasn’t aware of any similar situations being reported. And experts said it’s a common misperception that human trafficking victims are physically kidnapped by people they don’t know. We rate this  .
Statement: One out of every four students fails to earn a high school diploma. In our major cities across America, half of our kids don't graduate.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: December 4, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;education;poverty
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Spokesmen for the Alliance for Excellent Education , which is a partner of the Everyone Graduates Center at Johns Hopkins University; and the Council of the Great City Schools , which represents Milwaukee and 66 other large-city public school districts, said the two sources cited by Ryan are the best and most recent available for public school graduation rates. Our rating Ryan said: "One out of every four students fails to earn a high-school diploma.   In our major cities across America, half of our kids don’t graduate." The  suggests Ryan was speaking about all students, but his figures apply only to those who attend public school. We rate the  .
Statement: Soccer players on the U.S. women's national team "stomped" on the American flag.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 8, 2019
Topics: patriotism;sports;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Kelley got it before they could. I won’t pretend to see something to make liberals look bad. I don’t have too (sic). They do enough obvious stuff." We rate this Facebook post as .
Statement: The startup rate of Hispanic businesses is three times the national rate.
Speaker: libre initiative
About the speaker: The LIBRE Initiative is a conservative grassroots organization that targets Hispanic voters. It is a a 501(c)4 nonprofit and has ties to the Koch brothers.
Date: August 10, 2014
Location: national
Topics: immigration;small business
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Libre Initiative said, "The startup rate of Hispanic businesses is three times the national rate." We found data that showed the number of Hispanic-owned businesses growing at three times the national rate between 1997 and 2002. However, more recent data shows a growth rate of Hispanic-owned businesses that’s closer to twice the national rate. The overall trend -- that Hispanic-owned businesses are popping up faster than other demographics -- is correct, though.   We rate this  .
Statement: Arizona ballots were shredded and burned in a chicken farm fire.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 20, 2021
Location: arizona
Topics: elections;fires;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that Arizona ballots were shredded and burned in a fire at a Maricopa County official's family chicken farm. A fire did break out in March at a family chicken farm connected to an elected official on the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors. But an investigation by the Maricopa County Sheriff’s Office found no  of a crime — and no election ballots. Maricopa County stored all ballots for the 2020 general election securely in a vault until they were transported on April 22 — more than a month after the fire — for the audit led by state Senate Republicans, an elections department spokesperson said. Richer, the county recorder, called the chicken-farm rumor "the craziest conspiracy theory by far" related to the audit. We rate this statement !
Statement: The Obama administration "raised discretionary spending by 24 percent from President George W. Bush's last full-year budget and will run up more debt by October than Bush did in eight years.
Speaker: karl rove
About the speaker: Karl Rove is a former senior adviser and deputy chief of staff to President George W. Bush. He has worked as a commentator and political analyst for Fox News.
Date: January 10, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;stimulus
Context: the Washington Post
Fact-check justification: If, for example, Obama thinks the prescription drug benefits in Medicare are unaffordable, he should try to repeal them, Riedl said. If he thinks the Bush tax cuts were , try to roll them back. Any way you slice the numbers, spending is on the rise. Our biggest problem with Rove's statement is that he credits all of the debt accumulated in 2009 and 2010 to Obama, and even conservative budget analysts agree that it's fair to assign at least some of the 2009 increase to Bush. And so we rate Rove's comment .
Statement: Says he has a plan for "$1 billion in tax relief for Illinois.
Speaker: bruce rauner
About the speaker: Bruce Rauner was elected governor of Illinois in 2014. He became the first Republican governor in the state in 12 years upon his inauguration in January 2015. The gubernatorial campaign was Rauner's first foray into politics. He previously had been a principal at the private equity firm GTCR in Chicago.
Date: February 15, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: taxes
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Rauner says he has a plan for "$1 billion in tax relief for Illinois" tied to a pension overhaul. But that statement is suspect on multiple levels — even for a campaign commercial. There is no actual plan to examine. The "plan" consists of brief mentions in a more than 550-page budget proposal and a few lines in a speech, but no details were provided to explain how the savings would be implemented or calculated. However, the tax cut was then featured prominently in a re-election campaign ad the day after Rauner unveiled his budget. What’s more, Rauner’s budget does include separate provisions to shift teacher pension costs off the state books and on to local school districts where property taxpayers would likely have to collectively pick up a tab costing more than $1 billion. Rauner’s ad highlights a vague $1 billion tax cut plan, but makes no mention of the added expense to local taxpayers that would be the practical effect of his pension cost shift. His tax cut  should not be considered in a vacuum, which is why we rate it .
Statement: After Russia went to war with Georgia in 2008, the U.S. sent a "very strong message" to Vladimir Putin by sending "warships to the Black Sea" and airlifting "combat troops that Georgia had in Afghanistan" back to Georgia.
Speaker: karl rove
About the speaker: Karl Rove is a former senior adviser and deputy chief of staff to President George W. Bush. He has worked as a commentator and political analyst for Fox News.
Date: March 16, 2014
Topics: history;foreign policy;military;punditfact
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Rove said that after Russia went to war with Georgia in 2008, the U.S. sent a "very strong message" to Putin by sending "warships to the Black Sea" and airlifting "the combat troops that Georgia had in Afghanistan" back to Georgia. In reality, the military message sent by the warship movements was deliberately fuzzed by having the vessels carry humanitarian aid. Meanwhile, the airlift of Georgian troops from Iraq -- not Afghanistan, as Rove had said -- was carefully calibrated not to deposit them where they could quickly face off against Russian forces. Contemporary accounts and experts agree that Rove was spinning what was actually a modest and nuanced military response into something more forceful. The  is that Bush was geopolitically hamstrung -- just as Obama is now -- by facing a nuclear-armed, expansion-minded Russia willing to intervene militarily in countries on its own doorstep, but far from our own. We rate Rove’s  .
Statement: The actual deportations from the interior of the country are way down" under President Obama.
Speaker: bob goodlatte
About the speaker: Bob Goodlatte, a Republican, was first elected to Congress in 1993. He represents Virginia's 6th District, centered in Roanoke.
He is currently the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee and the vice chairman of the House Agriculture Committee.
Goodlatte earned a law degree from Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington, in 1977. His undergraduate degree in government was earned at Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, in 1974.
Date: July 5, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Goodlatte said deportations are "way down" under Obama. The figures he cites show a significant drop during Obama’s term, a trend confirmed by several by immigration analysts we interviewed. We rate his statement .
Statement: The inauguration of Donald Trump "will be the first one that I miss since I've been in Congress.
Speaker: john lewis
About the speaker: Civil Rights icon John Lewis represents Georgia's 5th Congressional District. He was the recipient of the presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, in February 2011. 
Lewis is the oldest surviving keynote speaker of the 1963 March on Washington.
 
Date: January 14, 2017
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an interview with NBC's 'Meet the Press'
Fact-check justification: Lewis said that Trump’s inauguration "will be the first one that I miss since I've been in Congress." That’s : Lewis also boycotted the first inauguration of George W. Bush, a decision confirmed both by contemporary news reports and Lewis’ own office. He made this comment to demonstrate the intensity of his opposition to Trump, but it's a fact that he also boycotted Bush's inauguration. We rate Lewis’ statement .
Statement: Rick Scott has paid down our debt by about $2 billion. Charlie Crist's debt went up about $5 billion.
Speaker: lenny curry
About the speaker: Lenny Curry is chairman of the Republican Party of Florida. His current term expires in January 2013.
Date: April 14, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: debt
Context: an interview with Central Florida News 13
Fact-check justification: Curry is broadly correct: State debt increased under Crist and has decreased under Scott. But the numbers he uses are not accurate if you consider the budget years over which Crist could have exerted any control. Moreover, some bonds Florida issued were to pay for programs in the works before Crist took over, and the Legislature shares at least some of the blame for putting it in the budget. Finally, there was a spike in the debt after 2002 that was driven by a constitutional amendment to limit class sizes. Voters approved that measure, and the state government was required to put it into action. Consistent with our previous rating, we rate Curry’s  .
Statement: We spent twice as much per capita for health care in this country as the next closest nation.
Speaker: ben carson
About the speaker: Dr. Ben Carson is President Donald Trump's secretary for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. A retired pediatric neurosurgeon, Carson ran as a Republican for president in 2016. He owns homes in West Palm Beach and Maryland.
Date: April 6, 2015
Location: new hampshire
Topics: health care
Context: Manchester N.H
Fact-check justification: Carson said: "We spent twice as much per capita for health care in this country as the next closest nation." Carson’s numbers are off. Spending in the United States is about 1.4 times the next-highest nation, and it’s about 1.7 times the average of the nations that rank second through ninth in spending — the group Carson’s spokeswoman said he had been intending to reference in his comment. However, Carson has a point that spending in the U.S. is higher, and approaches double its peers, especially when looking at the average spending for the other OECD nations. On balance, we rate Carson’s  .
Statement: Like Marco Rubio, Sen. Barack Obama had "one of the worst attendance records in the Senate.
Speaker: right to rise
About the speaker: Right to Rise is a super PAC supporting 2016 Republican presidential candidate Jeb Bush.
Date: March 1, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;congress;history;foreign policy;negative campaigning;voting record;florida
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Right to Rise USA said that both Rubio and Obama had "one of the worst attendance records in the Senate." The data show that both missed a lot of votes while running for president. Rubio started skipping votes a lot earlier than Obama did, but at this stage of the campaign, Rubio has missed more votes than any other senator in the past year, and Obama was missing more votes than 98 percent of his colleagues. Their attendance records certainly qualify as "one of the worst." We rate the statement .
Statement: They put" monkeypox in the water in Atlanta.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 9, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Recent data suggest that the DNA of monkeypox can also be detected in a variety of bodily fluids from those infected," the publication says. "That includes respiratory and nasal secretions, spit, urine, feces and semen — meaning a flushed tissue from someone with monkeypox can register the virus in wastewater." Even so, there’s no  people can contract monkeypox from wastewater. It’s been spreading among humans via close contact with infected persons and exposure to their rash, bodily fluids, or respiratory droplets.   We rate claims that monkeypox is being put in the water .
Statement: Says Bernie Sanders "was against the auto bailout" and "voted against the money that ended up saving the auto industry.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: March 6, 2016
Location: national
Topics: congress;financial regulation;voting record
Context: Flint
Fact-check justification: Clinton said Sanders "was against the auto bailout" and "voted against the money that ended up saving the auto industry." Sanders did vote against a set of funds that financed most of the auto bailout — though the funds’ primary purpose was bailing out Wall Street firms, which Sanders strongly opposed. The , though, leaves listeners with the impression that Sanders’ opposed bailing out the auto industry. But he voted in favor of providing auto companies with $14 billion, which was separate from the Wall Street bailout funds he opposed. That standalone measure failed. We rate Clinton’s  .
Statement: Says Marco Rubio "opposes immigration reform. Worse, Rubio supports Donald Trump. His plan would deport 800,000 children, destroying families.
Speaker: patrick murphy
About the speaker: Patrick Murphy won his first seat in 2012 for the U.S. House of Representatives representing District 18 in Florida. Murphy lost a U.S. Senate race against Marco Rubio in 2016. 
Date: October 10, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: The ad says Rubio "opposes immigration reform. Worse, Rubio supports Donald Trump. His plan would deport 800,000 children, destroying families." Murphy is pushing Rubio's position too far when he says Rubio opposes immigration reform. After a comprehensive bill with a path to citizenship failed in 2013, Rubio called for a piecemeal approach with border security first. He still wants to change immigration laws, but he believes it is politically impractical to do it in one swoop. Some immigration advocates argue that Rubio’s piecemeal approach is a delay tactic and kicks a path to citizenship even further down the road. Rubio does support Trump, who has said he will overturn a program that temporarily allows Dreamers to avoid deportation, affecting about 740,000 people. That action by itself would leave those undocumented immigrants to face the threat of deportation. Rubio has said he supports a legislative replacement for DACA. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/ff746077-8ec0-423e-9767-8f1a33036ac3
Statement: Photo shows an electric car charging station that uses "12 gallons of diesel fuel per hour, and it takes three hours to fully charge a car to get 200 miles. That's 36 gallons for 200 miles. 5.6 mpg.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 11, 2021
Topics: environment;transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims an electric car charging station in Texas runs on a diesel generator and that a car has to charge for three hours and use 12 gallons of diesel fuel to travel 200 miles.  The company that owns the charging station pictured in the post says the station is connected to an electrical grid and does not use diesel fuel. Public chargers are generally connected to the local power supply and do not use diesel generators.  We rate this  .