chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: At least 450,000 ballots in the key states ... miraculously only have a mark for Joe Biden on them, and no other candidate.
Speaker: sidney powell
About the speaker: Sidney Powell is a former federal prosecutor and attorney. She has represented former National Security Adviser Michael Flynn and served on Donald Trump's legal team.
Date: November 8, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks;wisconsin;pennsylvania;michigan;arizona
Context: an interview with Fox News
Fact-check justification: Powell said at least "450,000 ballots in the key states that miraculously only have a mark for Joe Biden on them, and no other candidate." We could not confirm that figure, but it does seem in line with the difference between the numbers of total votes cast in the presidential race and those cast in the down ballot House races in those states. We don’t see  that all of these votes were for Biden, however. Powell presented this unremarkable undervoting statistic as  of fraud. Her statement fails to provide the key context that the practice of undervoting is common and does not indicate ballots have been fraudulently manufactured. We rate this . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Harvard Study Finds States With Most Gun Laws Have Fewest Gun Deaths.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 15, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: criminal justice;crime;public safety;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Fleegler, in his "Here & Now" interview, noted that suicide was a key factor because when people think of killing themselves, the presence of a gun means they will succeed 85 percent of the time compared to close to 2 percent when they don't have a firearm available. In the end, when the Facebook posting says "Harvard Study Finds States With Most Gun Laws Have Fewest Gun Deaths," it is correctly summarizing one finding of the study. But it leaves out important details and context that argue against the idea that reducing gun deaths is simply a matter of blindly passing more gun laws in each state. For that reason, we rate it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Says Donald Trump "proposes tax cuts, too -- $3 trillion for millionaires like himself and $2 trillion for corporations like his.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: July 28, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: taxes
Context: a speech at the 2016 Democratic National Convention
Fact-check justification: Addressing the DNC, Brown said that Trump’s tax plan would cut "$3 trillion for millionaires like himself and $2 trillion for corporations like his."  Those numbers basically check out, via Brown’s think-tank sources. A conservative group’s analysis fell a little shorter, but supports Brown when rounded up. It’s all subject to change upon the unveiling of Trump’s Tax Plan Part Two. But it is accurate as of Brown’s speech. We rate the statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/0b1c5101-f92c-4d53-b889-a223ba2ead27
Statement: Says photo of Malia Obama's credit card next to white powder was found on Hunter Biden's laptop.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 24, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: We haven’t been able to review or verify the contents of the laptop hard drive allegedly belonging to Hunter Biden because the data has not been seen, at least not widely. Allies of President Donald Trump who say they have it — particularly Rudy Giuliani, President Trump’s personal lawyer who procured the laptop — have declined to share the data with other outlets for review.   The Obama daughters have been popular targets for purveyors of misinformation for years. This is another example of that. We rate it .
Statement: Says in 2002, he "won more Hispanic votes than Anglo votes, 60 percent in the state.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: July 27, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;elections;race and ethnicity
Context: a Telemundo News interview
Fact-check justification: Bush said in 2002, he "won more Hispanic votes than Anglo votes, 60 percent in the state." While Bush historically had enjoyed a strong Hispanic voter base, we found there actually aren’t the usual exit poll results from his 2002 re-election to support this conclusion. However, most media analyses from the election do suggest Bush carried about 60 percent of the Hispanic vote, as he did in 1998. Experts we consulted said that was most likely the case. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Says his Patient OPTION Act is the only Republican plan "that completely repeals Obamacare and it takes the federal bureaucrat out of decisions for you.
Speaker: paul broun
About the speaker: U.S. House Rep. Paul Broun, a Republican, is from Athens. He represents Georgia's 10th congressional district.
Date: March 18, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: a candidate forum
Fact-check justification: Since the duties of CMS would be transferred to the Treasury Department, there will still be some federal officials involved in the process. Broun’s bill would make Obamacare disappear. But so would other GOP proposals. And Broun’s plan does not make the bureaucracy go away. Our rating: .
Statement: Quotes Albert Einstein as saying "I fear the day technology will surpass human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 19, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post on the internet claims that Einstein once said he feared "the day technology will surpass human interaction." And when that happened "the world will have a generation of idiots." There is no record of Einstein ever saying or writing anything close to those words, despite his papers and quotations being well-documented in several databases and works. We rate it !
Statement: No doctors who went to an American medical school will be accepting Obamacare.
Speaker: ann coulter
About the speaker: Ann Coulter is a conservative columnist and author.
Date: October 9, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care;pundits
Context: a column
Fact-check justification: Coulter said that "no doctors who went to an American medical school will be accepting Obamacare." Nothing in the law bars American-trained physicians from treating newly insured people under Obamacare. It’s a   -- one with a whiff of xenophobia -- that merits a .
Statement: Biden resigned, Pelosi was detained.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 28, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Biden continues to act as president, making public statements, tweeting as president, appearing in public as president. On Oct. 26 he joined former Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe in the state for a rally as McAuliffe once again seeks the job of governor.   Pelosi, meanwhile, is scheduled to hold her weekly briefing with reporters at the Capitol. You can watch it here .   We rate this post !
Statement: Wisconsin wages are declining at double the rate of other states.
Speaker: mary burke
About the speaker: Burke is a former Trek Bicycle executive and former Wisconsin Commerce Department secretary who announced on Oct. 7, 2013 that she would seek the Democratic nomination for governor in Wisconsin in the fall 2014 election against incument Republican Gov. Scott Walker. She lost to Walker on Nov. 4, 2014. She is a school board member in Madison, Wisconsin.
Date: March 25, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;income;jobs
Context: a jobs proposal
Fact-check justification: More recent data that shows Wisconsin’s average wages not only growing but topping the national mark three quarters in a row. All this is easily accessed on federal websites and publicized in news releases issued by federal officials. We think that makes this  not only  but . . To comment on this item, please go to JSOnline.com
Statement: Says Gov. Scott Walker has dropped Wisconsin "to 45th in the nation in job growth prospects while campaigning for president out of state.
Speaker: mike tate
About the speaker: Mike Tate is chairman of the Democratic Party of Wisconsin. He previously worked for Jim Doyle, the former Wisconsin governor, a public employee union and a voter mobilization organization. 
Date: November 17, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;elections;jobs
Context: a fund-raising email
Fact-check justification: Our rating Tate said Walker has dropped Wisconsin "to 45th in the nation in job growth prospects while campaigning for president out of state." Forbes rates Wisconsin 45th, although that’s a slight improvement, not a drop. And Walker bears some, but not all of the blame, for the ranking. For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we give Tate a . To comment on this item, go to the Journal Sentinel website .
Statement: Says she couldn't take stimulus money because it required "universal building codes.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: November 17, 2009
Location: national
Topics: energy;federal budget;stimulus
Context: her book, Going Rogue
Fact-check justification: A study by the Tax Foundation of federal taxes paid versus spending received, by state, in 2005 -- the latest year available -- found that Alaska received $1.84 for every federal tax dollar it sent to Washington (ranking Alaska third in the nation that year). It was the 20th year in a row that Alaska got more back from the government than residents paid in federal taxes. The wording in the stimulus bill related to the weatherization money may have left room for Palin's concerns, but the letter from the Department of Energy made clear that universal building codes were not going to be forced upon state and local governments as a condition for accepting the federal money. Palin's opposition to the funding may give her license to  she opposed the stimulus plan -- even though it was only a small portion of Alaska's funding -- but her reasoning doesn't jibe with the assurances from the Department of Energy. We rule her  .
Statement: Obama says his health care plan is "universal.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: November 15, 2007
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Las Vegas, Nev.
Fact-check justification: Obama's plan "would get close to universal coverage," said Sara Collins, a health care expert with The Commonwealth Fund. "It's clear his goal is universal coverage," she said, noting that Obama's plan includes a mandate for children. "But I think to get all people covered, he would have to mandate that adults get it, too." We think Obama is pushing the envelope calling a plan without a mandate "universal." For that reason, we rate his  .
Statement: Says Nancy Pelosi bought $1.5 million "in foreign oil stock day before shut down of American line.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 22, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Biden’s opposition to the Keystone XL pipeline was well-known for years, and his campaign said in May 2020 that he would halt it if elected.   Pelosi filed a government disclosure form on Jan. 21, 2021, indicating recent purchases of stocks and stock options by her husband, and none were oil companies. It is the only such disclosure she has filed in 2021. Media outlets have not reported any recent Pelosi family stock transactions involving oil companies, and her deputy chief of staff said the  is . We rate this  .
Statement: Gov. Rick Scott's sale of the state planes was "not proper.
Speaker: j.d. alexander
About the speaker: Sen. J.D. Alexander is a Republican from Lake Wales. He was first elected to the Florida Senate in 2002.
Date: February 23, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: legal issues;state budget
Context: comments at the Senate Budget Committee
Fact-check justification: The majority of the  and a legal expert side with Alexander in this argument about the sale of the state's two airplanes. Alexander said the sales were "not proper," and cited specific state statutes. Most germane is a statute that requires the governor to spend the money allocated for a specific purpose in the state budget. The governor's office offered no rebuttal, and as such, we see no  that Alexander's . We rate his  .
Statement: Says Mark Kelly wants to "defund the police.
Speaker: martha mcsally
About the speaker: Martha McSally, a Republican, is a former U.S. Senator and former U.S. Representative from Arizona. McSally served 26 years in the U.S. Air Force, retiring in 2010 as a full colonel. She was the first female fighter pilot to fly a combat mission and command a fighter squadron. She was elected to public office for the first time when she won election to Congress in 2014.
Date: August 18, 2020
Topics: public safety
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Kelly has opposed defunding the police. Kelly, the son of police officers, told an Arizona radio station in June that defunding police departments was not the approach needed. Reforms in policing are needed, including more transparency and oversight, he said. McSally’s statement is baseless and . We rate it .
Statement: States that have implemented waiting periods have seen significant decreases in suicides.
Speaker: doug jones
About the speaker: Doug Jones is the Democratic nominee in the U.S. Senate special election in Alabama.
Date: March 21, 2018
Location: national
Topics: guns
Fact-check justification: Jones said, "States that have implemented waiting periods have seen significant decreases in suicides." A 2017 study on the relationship between waiting periods and suicides — which was cited by some foremost gun control experts — found waiting periods led to a 7–11 percent reduction in gun suicides. That’s the equivalent of 22–35 fewer gun suicides per year for the average state. That said, one expert said the statistical significance of the study’s findings depended on which model was used, and one of the study’s coathors was somewhat measured in describing the study’s conclusions with respect to the effect of waiting periods on suicide reduction. We rate this .
Statement: The final pitch of Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series "was a foot and half probably high and outside.
Speaker: george will
About the speaker: George Will is a conservative columnist syndicated by the Washington Post.
Date: June 6, 2010
Location: national
Topics: baseball;history;pundits;this week - abc news
Context: a roundtable discussion on ABC's This Week
Fact-check justification: There's ample  -- including the players' eyewitness testimony -- that the pitch was not a down-the-middle, obvious strike. In all likelihood, it was somewhat out of the strike zone. But we found wide agreement among our experts that Will is exaggerating when he says that Larsen's pitch was a foot and a half outside the strike zone. And if it wasn't a flagrantly bad call like Joyce's earlier this month, then the example's value for Will is reduced. As umpire, we rate Will's statement .
Statement: We have the highest corporate tax rate in the world. It's 35 percent.
Speaker: jim sensenbrenner
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner, R-Wis., has served in Congress since 1979. He represents a district covering Milwaukee suburbs.
Date: September 29, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: corporations;jobs;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: He added, however, that the "effective" federal tax rate (after deductions) that corporations pay is about 26 percent -- and that also is among the highest rates of all industrialized nations. Our conclusion Asked what the federal government could do to create jobs, Sensenbrenner said lower the "corporate tax rate," which he said was 35 percent and the highest in the world. A widely quoted annual report says the U.S. corporate tax rate is 35 percent and is highest among 34 large, industrialized countries. Two experts agreed with the rate and the ranking. We rate Sensenbrenner’s  .
Statement: This is the most generous country in the world when it comes to immigration. There are a million people a year who legally immigrate to the United States.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: August 6, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: Cleveland
Fact-check justification: Rubio said, "This is the most generous country in the world when it comes to immigration. There are million people a year who legally immigrate to the United States." Rubio got his number correct: Nearly 1 million legal immigrants came to the United States in 2013, according to data from the federal government. In terms of sheer numbers, that puts the United States ahead of other countries, but not in terms of a percentage of the population. We rate this  .
Statement: The Democrats have already voted to ban our conventional light bulbs ... in favor of dangerous fluorescent light bulbs.
Speaker: ameripac
About the speaker: AmeriPAC is a political action committee that largely supports conservative Republican candidates.
Date: May 16, 2011
Location: national
Topics: consumer safety;energy;regulation
Context: a fundraising letter
Fact-check justification: This one is a clear call for us. It's  that the current versions of incandescent light bulbs will be phased out of existence. Compact fluorescent and LED bulbs offer more efficient alternatives, but if incandescent light is your thing, the major light bulb makers have you covered. They have developed and shipped halogen incandescent bulbs that meet the new efficiency standards, so there is no basis in fact to  they have been banned in favor of fluorescent bulbs. We rule this  .
Statement: We cut property taxes by one-third.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: January 14, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: economy;education;taxes
Context: a Republican gubernatorial debate
Fact-check justification: The association's report identified other reasons that the overall reduction in property taxes did not meet expectations: increases in the portion of school taxes dedicated to bond debt, as well as increases in taxes paid to cities, counties and other taxing districts. Summing up: In the debate, Perry failed to accurately characterize the tax cut passed in 2006 and its impact on Texans. Total property tax collections rose, not fell. And though it's estimated that Texans did receive significant tax savings compared with what they would have paid without the cuts, those savings were probably closer to 20 percent than 33 percent. We rate Perry's  as .
Statement: Image shows U.S. National Guard Sgt. Leigh Ann Hester.
Speaker: sid miller
About the speaker: Sid Miller, a former Texas House member, won election as state agriculture commissioner in November 2014.
Date: November 29, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;veterans;women
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We rate this image . Correction (Dec. 5, 2019) : An earlier version of this story included the  date that the  was made on Facebook. It was made on Nov. 29, 2019. This change does not affect the ruling.
Statement: Rhode Island has "the most burdensome level of health-insurance mandates in the nation.
Speaker: mike stenhouse
About the speaker: Mike Stenhouse is the chief executive officer of the Rhode Island Center for Freedom and Prosperity, a conservative think tank. A Cranston, R.I., native, he is a former player for the Boston Red Sox, Minnesota Twins and Montreal Expos. Previously, he was executive director of the Ocean State Policy Research Institute. He has an economics degree from Harvard University, served as chairman for the 2010 Rhode Island Clean Slate campaign, and as vice president of the Board of Directors for Rhode Island Special Olympics.
Date: July 29, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;health care;government regulation;public health;states
Context: The Providence Journal
Fact-check justification: Mike Stenhouse of the Rhode Island Center for Freedom and Prosperity said Rhode Island has "the most burdensome level of health-insurance mandates in the nation." We'll leave it to others to decide whether laws requiring health insurers to cover things such as mental health problems, infertility and wigs for people who have lost their hair during chemotherapy create a burden Rhode Island needs to correct. Although Stenhouse cites a national study that lists Rhode Island as being in first place in 2010 -- and tied for first in 2011 -- a Blue Cross tally shows that Rhode Island is in 17th place, not even in the top third nationally. We rate his statement as   . (Get updates from PolitiFact Rhode Island on Twitter: @politifactri . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)