chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: A study says Massachusetts has lost 18,000 jobs because residents were required to obtain health insurance under an act signed into law by Mitt Romney.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: December 10, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: health care
Context: a Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: In the Dec. 10 debate, Perry cited a study that found increased costs led businesses to create fewer jobs. That is certainly plausible, although we found no other research supporting that figure. More significantly, Perry's statement makes it sound as if the study says existing jobs in Massachusetts were vanquished. Instead, it asserts that 18,000 jobs were not created in the first place. Also, Perry’s  blames one part of the health care law — the individual mandate — for the effect on employment, while the study considers the impact of the entire law. That is, it doesn't specify which parts most influenced the state’s economy. A single study gives Perry's statement an element of . But his  leaves the misimpression that 18,000 existing jobs went away because of the Massachusetts law and incorrectly says a single part of the law was to blame. His statement rates .
Statement: Says Colorado food stamp recipients can use ATMs to get cash to buy marijuana.
Speaker: brian kilmeade
About the speaker: Brian Kilmeade serves as co-host of FOX News Channel’s live morning news program, “Fox & Friends,"  the No. 1 cable morning program. Immediately after “Fox & Friends”, Kilmeade hosts “Kilmeade and Friends,” a nationally syndicated three hour radio show on FOX News Radio. Additionally, he is the network’s sports reporter covering breaking national sports stories and major sporting events.
Date: January 21, 2014
Topics: drugs;welfare;punditfact;marijuana
Context: a broadcast of "Fox and Friends"
Fact-check justification: Fox News’ Kilmeade said ATMs give food stamp recipients in Colorado a way to buy marijuana. The technology behind government electronic benefit cards blocks that. While the card could have cash value from another program such as TANF, no ATM would dispense cash based on a person’s food stamp allowance. We rate the  .
Statement: Says President Donald Trump "put out a $297 million contract to a vendor to show him how to hire Border Patrol. So, the first payment they made was $14.8 million. You know how many Border Patrol they hired with $14.8 million? Two.
Speaker: henry cuellar
About the speaker: Rep. Henry Cuellar, D-Texas, represents Texas' 28th District, which borders Mexico. He was first elected to this position in 2004.
Date: February 22, 2019
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Cuellar said, Trump "put out a $297 million contract to a vendor to show him how to hire Border Patrol. So, the first payment they made was $14.8 million. You know how many Border Patrol they hired with $14.8 million? Two." The Trump administration awarded a $297 million contract to Accenture to help Customs and Border Protection hire 7,500 new employees over five years. That includes Border Patrol agents. An inspector general report said that as of Oct. 1, 2018, Customs and Border Protection paid Accenture about $13.6 million for startup costs, security requirements, recruiting, and applicant support. The company to that date had processed two accepted job offers, the report said. One of them was a Border Patrol agent, the other a Customs and Border Protection officer. The report mentioned 14 other accepted job offers processed by Customs and Border Protection on behalf of Accenture. But due to deficiencies in the contract, it’s unclear if those 14 were hired because of Accenture’s recruitment. Cuellar’s statement is accurate but needs clarification. We rate it .
Statement: Photo shows Jeff Bezos's clone.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 13, 2022
Topics: technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: He doesn’t, and Bezos appears in both of the photos included in the post.   We did reverse image searches for both photos.   The first , which appears flipped in the post, shows Bezos in September 2018 at the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., for the memorial service of the late Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz. The second appears to be a still image from one of multiple recorded interviews Bezos gave reporters three years after his rocket company’s first space flight .   We rate claims that these photos show a Bezos clone and not Bezos !
Statement: North Carolina spends $855 less per student than it did before the Great Recession, and we have one of the lowest per pupil spending levels in the nation.
Speaker: roy cooper
About the speaker: Roy Cooper, a Democrat, is the governor of North Carolina. Previously he was the attorney general, a state senator and a state representative.
Date: March 8, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: education;state budget
Context: his education plan
Fact-check justification: Cooper is right that North Carolina is one of the states that spends the least per student. When citing the actual amount he used a report that, while not , was outdated. And more context and transparency would’ve been helpful. But Cooper is still right in the general sense that North Carolina’s public schools have less purchasing power than before the recession, and that almost every other state spends more money on education per student than North Carolina. We rate this  .
Statement: President Joe Biden admits to faking the election.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 22, 2023
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: But such  audio clips of the president are becoming more common. We’ve fact-checked some, such as claims that Biden said he was going to change the name of Black History Month and an alleged leaked voicemail from Biden about classified documents.     "Lately virtual Biden has been spouting off — rather fluently — on a number of topics about which the president wouldn’t and/or shouldn’t have strong opinions," Rolling Stone said . "It’s all thanks to the advent of powerful AI tools for voice cloning. "  We rate claims that this is an authentic clip of Biden saying he cheated in the 2020 presidential election .
Statement: The minimum wage "in real terms right now is below where it was when Harry Truman was in office.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: December 4, 2013
Location: national
Topics: economy;history;workers
Context: a speech at the Center for American Progress
Fact-check justification: Obama said the minimum wage "in real terms right now is below where it was when Harry Truman was in office." That’s correct for 1950, but  for the other seven calendar years of Truman’s tenure. In fact, you could just as easily say that the minimum wage is higher today than it was under Truman, and that would be correct for seven out of the eight years he was in office. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, so we rate it .
Statement: In 2016, when Hillary Clinton appeared to have a firm lead in the polls — oh, just before the election, it was President Obama who laughed off any notion that American elections could possibly be tampered with.
Speaker: sean hannity
About the speaker: Sean Hannity is a conservative political commentator and hosts a nationally syndicated radio show, as well as two television shows on the Fox News Channel. In a 2013 interview Hannity said that he is a “registered Conservative” and ”not a Republican, though people often mistake me for one.” Hannity has authored three books.
Date: July 16, 2018
Topics: elections;punditfact
Context: on television
Fact-check justification: Hannity said, "In 2016, when Hillary Clinton appeared to have a firm lead in the polls — oh, just before the election — it was President Obama who laughed off any notion that American elections could possibly be tampered with." The quote Hannity used was out of context when presented as the basis of a  argument about Obama’s response to Russian meddling. Obama was actually responding to Trump’s claims about voter fraud potentially changing the outcome of the election. We rate Hannity’s statement .
Statement: Says Sen. Bill Nelson voted to spend "$144,541 to see how monkeys react under the influence of cocaine.
Speaker: connie mack
About the speaker: Connie Mack was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in November 2004. Mack, of Fort Myers, lost a U.S. Senate race to Sen. Bill Nelson in 2012. He served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2003.
Date: April 12, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: drugs;federal budget;message machine 2012;stimulus;tampa bay 10 news
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Mack’s  is pretty bananas. Yes, Nelson was among senators to approve the stimulus package, which directed large sums of money to scientific research. But Nelson didn’t pick out the monkey project. A federal agency did. Even a critic who calls the project wasteful says you can't blame Nelson. We rate the statement . PolitiFact Florida is partnering with 10 News for the 2012 election season. See a video version of this fact-check here .
Statement: Says that Republican Darryl Glenn has described Democrats as "evil" and has said he's "tired of hearing about Republicans reaching across the aisle.
Speaker: michael bennet
About the speaker: Michael Bennet is a senator from Colorado, appointed in January 2009 by former Colorado Gov. Bill Ritter to fill a vacated Senate seat. Bennet successfully ran for his first full term in 2010 and was re-elected in 2016. He received a degree in history from Wesleyan University and his J.D. from Yale Law School. In 2019, he announced he is running for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: September 10, 2016
Location: colorado
Topics: bipartisanship
Context: a Senate candidates debate
Fact-check justification: Bennet said that Republican Darryl Glenn has described Democrats as "evil" and has said he's "tired of hearing about Republicans reaching across the aisle." Glenn doesn't back away from his disdain for bipartisanship. He told a debate moderator who asked how he’d worked with Democrats to get something done in the Senate that "your question exemplifies what’s  with America." We rate the  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/b98c08e5-9243-4da4-8104-dda8b40b9f62
Statement: Says Joe Biden "has officially lowered the age of consent to 5 years old.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 2, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Posts circulating on social media  that Joe Biden officially lowered the age of consent to 5 years old. No bill has passed Congress or has the approval of the Biden administration that addresses lowering the age of consent to 5 or 8 years old in the U.S. Each state has its own general age of consent that ranges from 16 to 18 years old.  CNN never reported this. The article screenshot was digitally manipulated.  !
Statement: You can see visits to Moscow made during the campaign by (Paul) Manafort and others.
Speaker: maxine waters
About the speaker: Maxine Waters, a Democrat, has represented a California district in the U.S. House of Representatives since her initial election in 1990. Previously, she served in the California state assembly.
Date: May 18, 2017
Location: national
Topics: public health
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: Waters said that Manafort and others with ties to the Trump campaign went to Moscow during the 2016 presidential campaign. From what’s on the public record, Manafort didn’t go at all, and Page went once. Flynn went after Trump announced, but before there is any report of a strong and exclusive tie to the candidate. The various investigations underway might resolve whether there was collusion, but the travel itineraries of Trump’s associates don’t appear to be fertile ground at this point. Waters made it sound like this was a regular occurrence. We rate this  .
Statement: Eliminating the state tax on health savings accounts will "make it easier for small business owners to provide health insurance to their employees.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: December 9, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;small business;state budget
Context: a statement on campaign web site
Fact-check justification: And allowing them to take a tax deduction would bring Wisconsin in line with most other states. That may all be . But Walker is arguing that a tax break for individuals -- not employers -- would boost the number of small businesses that provide health insurance. He and other supporters have provided no  it would. We rate that statement .
Statement: Common Core "is not from the federal government," they "do not have their fingerprints on this thing at all.
Speaker: sondy pope
About the speaker: Sondy Pope was first elected in 2002 to the Wisconsin Assembly to represent the western parts of Madison and the surrounding area.
Date: October 3, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;education;federal budget;government regulation
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Pope said: Common Core "is not from the federal government," they "do not have their fingerprints on this thing at all." Federal officials did not initiate the state standards for public schools or force them on the states. But they have given states financial incentives to adopt the standards. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification, we give Pope a . If you would like to comment on this item, you can do so on the Journal Sentinel’s web page .
Statement: Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for president in 2016 are "quite unpopular.
Speaker: jimmy carter
About the speaker: Jimmy Carter was elected president of the United States in 1976 and served one term. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. The native of Plains, Georgia was submarine commander, peanut farmer, state senator and Georgia governor. 
Date: August 22, 2016
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: Memphis
Fact-check justification: Former President Jimmy Carter said both major candidates for president in 2016 are "quite unpopular." Carter’s view is backed up by poll after poll, including one in Georgia that reflected much the same disatisfaction as the national polls. We rate Carter’s statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/e04d9e3b-6bf6-4602-b380-05ded7504cb2
Statement: You have 200,000 to 400,000 military veterans on the street in this country on any given day.
Speaker: rhue reis
About the speaker: Rhue Reis is a licensed contractor who renovates homes in Rhode Island. He has also worked as an entrepreneur, manager and small business owner in the wholesale foods distribution industry. He is married with two children. In 2014, he ran for Congress in Rhode Island's 2nd District as a Republican.
Date: September 7, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: housing;veterans
Context: a TV debate
Fact-check justification: Rhue Reis said, "You have 200,000 to 400,000 military veterans on the street in this country on any given day." Reis inaccurately cited a 2009 study, which said the number at that time wasn’t more than 200,000. The latest, best data suggests that the current number is closer to 50,000. Homelessness among veterans is a serious problem, but the numbers are much lower than Reiss claimed. We rate his statement  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Sharron Angle wants to wipe out Social Security.
Speaker: harry reid
About the speaker: Harry Reid is a former U.S. senator from Nevada. He served as the Democratic minority leader in the U.S. Senate immediately prior to leaving office.
Date: June 12, 2010
Location: national
Topics: message machine 2010;social security
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: It's broken." Lately, her comments have been less clear, as if she is leaning toward an optional ongoing program. But that was not her position during the primary. Then, she said the program should gradually phase out. So we rate Reid's statement .
Statement: The Obama administration "actually cut out the democracy in Egypt funds inside the State Department.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: February 13, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;foreign policy;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week with Christiane Amanpour"
Fact-check justification: Still, Gingrich does have a point. On an overall basis, democracy funding did decline rather significantly during the first two years of the Obama administration, and the administration played a role in that decision. Gingrich’s statement is "not too far off from a  statement," McInerney said. "If he had dropped the words ‘out’ and ‘inside the State Department,’ then I would consider it to be a  statement." We agree, so on balance, we rate Gingrich’s statement .
Statement: The average CEO makes $10,000 more every day ... than what the average worker makes every year.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: March 5, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Miami Beach, Fla
Fact-check justification: Biden's comments would have been "literally ," as he said, if he used the term "top" CEOs, or some other qualifier to note that he was talking about average pay for CEOs at the nation's biggest corporations. Mishel thinks that's what people have in mind when you say average CEOs. But Biden "literally" said "average" CEOs, and for average CEOs, that's not correct. Average CEOs make a little less per day than the average worker makes in a year. We rate Biden's statement .
Statement: On new dollar coins, "'In God We Trust' is gone!
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: August 28, 2012
Location: national
Topics: patriotism
Context: a chain email
Fact-check justification: As we noted, we are not judging Romney’s comment in Virginia here, since he was not explicitly blaming Obama for the status of "In God We Trust" on money. But the chain email that continues to circulate was  in 2010 (except for the rare coins mistakenly minted with no inscriptions) and it remains  now. As we did two years ago, we find the  .
Statement: If you're one of the more than 250 million Americans who already have health insurance, you will keep your health insurance.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 28, 2012
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a speech at the White House
Fact-check justification: Obama has a reasonable point: His health care law does take pains to allow Americans to keep their health plan if they want to remain on it. But Obama suggests that keeping the insurance you like is guaranteed. In reality, Americans are not simply able to keep their insurance through thick and thin. Even before the law has taken effect, the rate of forced plan-switching among policyholders every year is substantial, and the CBO figures suggest that the law could increase that rate, at least modestly, even if Americans on balance benefit from the law’s provisions. We rate Obama’s  .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney has changed his position on supporting the TARP program.
Speaker: democratic national committee
About the speaker: The Democratic National Committee is the national organization of Democrats.
Date: November 28, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;message machine 2012
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: The DNC portrayed Romney as having flip-flopped on his support for TARP, using one quote of him saying it was "the right thing to do" followed by another that "it ought to be ended." But those two sentiments don’t contradict each other (and were presented out of order). Even his remark about ending TARP followed an assertion that the program served its purpose. The statements used in the ad actually echo what Romney has said on the topic all along -- that a Wall Street bailout was necessary to prevent a financial calamity, but the way the money was administered was poor. We should note that Romney has spoken more favorably of TARP as originally passed and signed by President George W. Bush. Romney’s later statements about TARP were more critical of its administration by Geithner and Obama, the man Romney aims to defeat in 2012. Nevertheless, while his evaluation of TARP looks at it from two perspectives and is nuanced -- which isn’t necessarily a bad thing -- it’s not a flip flop. We rate the DNC’s charge .