chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: How do Jeb Bush and Donald Trump differ on immigration? Spoiler alert: They don't.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: August 25, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "How do Jeb Bush and Donald Trump differ on immigration? Spoiler alert: They don't." Bush and Trump agree in some areas, including getting rid of Obama’s executive action. Both also call for a pathway to legal status and not citizenship, although Bush in the past has spoken in favor of citizenship. But in many other areas they disagree. Trump calls for mass deportation, ending birthright citizenship and building a wall between Mexico and the United States, all major policy changes that Bush has denounced. Clinton’s overall message here that there is no daylight between Bush and Trump is , although there is a kernel of  here in that they overlap a few immigration policies. We rate this  .
Statement: The states that have passed (campus carry laws) have seen enrollment drop significantly.
Speaker: andrew byrd
About the speaker: Andrew Byrd is a Democratic state delegate in West Virginia, representing portions of Kanawha County.
Date: February 25, 2019
Location: west virginia
Topics: education;guns
Context: a legislative debate
Fact-check justification: Byrd said, "The states that have passed (campus carry laws) have seen enrollment drop significantly." His  for this assertion was one newspaper article that speculated that campus carry was a reason why international enrollment has declined in Texas. But that’s a far narrower finding than he indicated -- and other factors have as good a , if not a better one, for being the driver of that decline. When we looked at the numbers more broadly, there is no consistent pattern in states’ enrollment fluctuations following the enactment of campus carry laws. In fact, a slight majority of states either saw increases or a zig-zagging trend line. And even in the states where enrollment dropped, it is hard to say that campus carry was the reason. We rate his statement .
Statement: The federal Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is "collecting financial information, monitoring financial information of millions of Americans" without their knowledge and "storing it for up to 10 years.
Speaker: sean duffy
About the speaker: Sean Duffy is a Republican member of the U.S. House, representing Wisconsin's 7th District in the northwestern part of the state. The former Ashland County district attorney was elected In November 2010, taking the seat previously held by Democratic U.S. Rep. Dave Obey of Wausau.
Date: July 17, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: bankruptcy;financial regulation;privacy issues
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Invoking the surveillance activities of the National Security Agency, Duffy said the federal Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is "collecting financial information, monitoring financial information of millions of Americans" without their knowledge and "storing it for up to 10 years." The implication was that bureau is keeping data on millions of individuals’ personal accounts. The bureau is collecting information, even 10 years’ worth of some data, involving millions of Americans. That’s being done through third parties without consumers’ knowledge But even a critic who has made claims similar to Duffy’s, in asking for a review of the bureau, says he doesn’t know what information the bureau collects and whether it contains personally identifiable information. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details, we give Duffy a .
Statement: The minimum wage is "lower right now than it was when Ronald Reagan took office.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 24, 2013
Location: national
Topics: economy;history;workers
Context: Galesburg, Ill
Fact-check justification: When Obama said the minimum wage is "lower right now than it was when Ronald Reagan took office," he offered a carefully worded statement that is accurate when considering inflation. However, his invocation of Reagan rings hollow, since the late president was hardly a model for Obama’s approach to the minimum wage. Reagan was the only president not to preside over an increase in the minimum wage, and by the end of his term, the wage was 13 percent lower than it is now. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: Says singer Charlie Daniels said, "voting for Trump is like playing country music backwards … you get your house back, your car back, your job back, your country back!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 7, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) While Daniels has written about politics on a section of his band’s website called " Soap Box" and has shown support for Trump on his Twitter account – we could find no  that he ever said this. Paula Szeigis, publicist for the Charlie Daniels Band, also told PolitiFact by email that the star has never said or written those words. We rate this "quote" !
Statement: In 1940, only 7 percent of Germans were Nazis.
Speaker: curt schilling
About the speaker: Curt Schilling is an ESPN commentator and former major league baseball pitcher.
Date: August 25, 2015
Topics: terrorism;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Schilling tweeted that in 1940 only 7 percent of Germans were Nazis. That figure is too low. It might be close for the more limited fraction of Nazi supporters who formally joined the party, but it ignores the Nazis’ electoral domination in 1932 and the popularity that came after the first military victories in 1939. The vote results and the assessment of the experts we reached point to a much larger figure in the range of 35 percent. That’s five times larger than the figure in the tweet. We rate this  .
Statement: Says a photograph of Harriet Tubman shows she was a "gun-toting, Democrat-shooting, 2nd Amendment-supporting Republican.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 17, 2019
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A recycled social media post offers a supposed photograph of Harriet Tubman and says she was a "gun-toting, 2nd Amendment-supporting Republican" who "shot Democrats." The woman in the photograph posing with a rifle is not Tubman, but Mary Fields. While Tubman did carry a pistol for protection, there is no  she sought to harm members of the political party. Her beliefs may have been aligned with the Republican Party at the time, but she could not have been a member as she died before women were granted the right to vote.  The claims are flawed and the photo is not Tubman. We rate this post .
Statement: In Virginia "there has been a billion dollars in surplus over the last three years. The legislature has spent less than 1 percent of that on roads.
Speaker: grover norquist
About the speaker: Grover Norquist is president of Americans for Tax Reform, a group he founded in 1985 to advocate for a tax system in which taxes are simpler, flatter, more visible, and lower than they are today. Its flagship program is the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, which it began promoting in 1986 and expanded to the state level in 1990. Those who sign on to the pledge commit to oppose any effort to increase income taxes on individuals or businesses. Norquist also serves on the board of directors of the National Rifle Association of America, the American Conservative Union and The Nixon Center.
Date: February 7, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: state budget;transportation;taxes
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Norquist said the state legislature spent less than 1 percent of its surplus over the last three years on roads. His organization acknowledges that number is . The correct figure is 7 percent, a difference equaling at least $86 million. We rate Norquist’s statement .
Statement: All non-US citizens, illegal or not, will be provided with free health care services.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: July 28, 2009
Location: national
Topics: immigration;health care
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: The section says nothing about "non-US citizens" or immigrants, legal or otherwise. In fact, the legislation specifically states that "undocumented aliens" will not be eligible for credits to help them buy health insurance, in Section 246 on page 143. The bottom line here is the e-mail is making things up. The bill does not say anything close to "All non-US citizens, illegal or not, will be provided with free health care services." We rate this chain e-mail statement !
Statement: Cheney is "disagreeing with President Bush's policy. President Bush stated repeatedly to international audiences and to the country that he wanted to close Guantanamo.
Speaker: colin powell
About the speaker: Colin Powell is a former four-star general in the U.S. Army who served as Secretary of State under President George W. Bush.
Date: May 24, 2009
Location: national
Topics: military
Context: an interview on CBS's Face the Nation
Fact-check justification: But it's not as simple as Bush wanting to close Gitmo and Cheney wanting to keep it open. Because, in fact, Bush did leave it open. Bush said legal issues — and the fear of terrorists being brought to the United States — led him to keep the facility open. Again, that sounds like what Cheney has been saying. We rule Powell's statement .
Statement: If the Sellwood Bridge is not replaced, it will have to be shut down within eight years.
Speaker: charlotte lehan
About the speaker: Charlotte Lehan was elected to the Clackamas County Board of Commissioners in November 2008 and appointed chair in March 2011. Prior to joining the board of commissioners, she was mayor of Wilsonville for 12 years.
Date: March 29, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: transportation
Context: an opinion column
Fact-check justification: She didn’t say that the study was in response to a specific question asked by Multnomah County. The bottom line is that PolitiFact Oregon can’t predict the future -- and neither can Charlotte Lehan. Her statement contains some element of  -- there is a study, there is a time frame -- but it ignores the fact that officials would have to abandon long held plans and do nothing else in the interim for the Sellwood Bridge to "have to be shut down." We rate this statement . Return to OregonLive to comment on this statement and rating.
Statement: Martin Luther King Jr. was a Republican.
Speaker: charlotte bergmann
About the speaker: Charlotte Bergmann is a former marketing professional who has been running as a Tea Party-style Republican for Tennessee's 9th Congressional District, which comprises Memphis and parts of the county's least-affluent suburban areas.
Date: January 10, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: bipartisanship;history
Context: a campaign billboard along I-240
Fact-check justification: Weighing the niece's  against King's son's, Honey's and Garrow's, and Goings' speculation that he might have had to register as a Republican even though he always voted the Democratic ticket, it seems to us that the preponderance of the  shows that a  that Martin Luther King Jr. was a Republican is simply .
Statement: David Cicilline was "required to provide key information about city finances to an independent outside auditor. The deadlines were clear -- yet [he intentionally] missed them by months" until after the November 2010 election.
Speaker: brendan doherty
About the speaker: Brendan Doherty, former head of the Rhode Island State Police, ran an unsuccessful campaign for Congress in 2012 in Rhode Island's 1st District as a Republican.
Date: September 12, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: candidate biography;city budget;city government;debt;deficit;negative campaigning
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Brendan Doherty said David Cicilline, when he was mayor of Providence, was "required to provide key information about city finances to an independent outside auditor. The deadlines were clear -- yet [he intentionally] missed them by months" until after the November 2010 election. A subsequent report by the city on what led to its financial problems, along with a supporting e-mail from the firm that did the outside audit, support the  that many deadlines for the outside audit were not met by the Cicilline administration. However, Doherty declared that Cicilline intentionally withheld the information until after the election, suggesting that the delay was designed to help him get elected to Congress. We previously gave Cicilline a  on his statement that the internal auditor for the city of Providence "was not locked out" of access to the city's finances. We found  of serious delays but ultimately, in that case, that auditor (Clarkin's predecessor) received the long-sought information before the November election. But in this instance, involving the outside audit, we've seen no real  -- and Doherty provided none -- that the delays were part of an attempt by Cicilline to hide bad news from voters. The facts argue otherwise. The external auditor himself judged the delays to be caused by a finance department in disarray. And even if every deadline had been met, the results of the audit would not have been released before the November election. Such audits are due at the end of the year, nearly two months after the votes are counted, a timetable noted in the very document the Doherty campaign cites. In the end, we have the former head of the Rhode Island State Police making allegations without key , and ignoring  that points in another direction. Because his statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it  . (Get updates from PolitiFact Rhode Island on Twitter: @politifactri . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Blue Cross Blue Shield pays your doctor a $40,000 bonus for fully vaccinating at least 100 patients under the age of two.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 12, 2021
Topics: health care;public health
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Childhood vaccines are considered standard medical practice . The American Academy of Pediatrics "strongly recommends immunizations as the safest and most cost-effective way of preventing disease, disability, and death." The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also encourages parents to immunize their children against preventable and potentially life-threatening disease, providing a schedule of standard vaccinations given to children starting at birth and going up to age 18. Blue Cross Blue Shield chief medical officer Vincent Nelson told Lead Stories , "Physicians (and) providers can be incentivized through their work with independent Blue Cross and Blue Shield companies, but the implication in this post that physicians (and) providers pursue childhood vaccinations solely for financial reasons is ." We rate this  .
Statement: Video shows "footage of an actual demonic possession in 1896.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 14, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) The video was created by a French artist who works under the name, "MBG Core ." He posted the video to YouTube in 2019 and reposted it on Instagram in April. When another user asked what software he used to create it, the account replied: "Endorphin for characters, M.Designer for cloth. "  We rate claims that this is authentic footage of demonic possession !
Statement: Says Amazon has removed "an educational game about Gettysburg.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: June 28, 2015
Topics: race and ethnicity;punditfact
Context: comments on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Gingrich said that an "educational game about Gettysburg" has been removed by Amazon for depicting a Confederate battle flag. From what PunditFact could find, it appears Amazon did initially remove several board games that depicted the flag, but on the day that Gingrich made the statement, all those games had been restored. Amazon and other companies say they intend to remove products that " can promote or glorify hatred, violence, racial, sexual or religious intolerance " and/or " expose the targeted group to harm or violence. " Gingrich’s  is partially accurate, but also a bit out of date. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/2cb22f8a-b8de-4d81-b4af-9679438a506e
Statement: Fifty percent of Republicans are in favor of Medicare for All.
Speaker: jess mcintosh
About the speaker: Jess McIntosh is vice president for communications for Emily's List.
Date: June 30, 2019
Topics: health care;medicare;polls and public opinion;punditfact
Context: a TV panel
Fact-check justification: McIntosh said "50% of Republicans are in favor of Medicare for All." According to the Kaiser poll McIntosh cited as , 47% of Republicans are in favor of creating a government health insurance option to compete with private insurance plans. But that’s not what Medicare for All would do.  When asked specifically about "a national health plan, sometimes called Medicare for All, in which all Americans would get their insurance from a single government plan," only 23% of Republicans said they supported it. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says the Simpson-Bowles deficit reduction proposal urged raising $2 trillion in new revenue.
Speaker: john kerry
About the speaker: John Kerry is the secretary of state. He previously was a senator from Massachusetts and the Democratic Party's nominee for president in 2004.
Date: November 20, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;taxes
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: While it’s possible to get to $2 trillion using the alternative baselines, we think the best way to analyze Kerry’s comment is to use the commission’s own math. After all, in Kerry’s words, Simpson-Bowles "came out and said, in order to do a deal you need $4 trillion, and you need $2 trillion of it as revenue." But the Simpson-Bowles report didn’t come close to suggesting $2 trillion in new revenue. The actual figure is slightly less than half of that. We rate his statement . EDITOR’S NOTE: After our story was posted, Kerry’s office got back to us. Press secretary Whitney Smith confirmed that the senator understood that the choice of baseline determines how much revenue the proposal generates, as our story indicated. However, we stand by our position that the best number to use in this context is the one the Simpson-Bowles commission used itself, so we’re sticking with our ruling of . SECOND EDITOR’S NOTE: A few days after our story appeared, we received a letter from Ed Lorenzen, executive director of the Moment of  Project, a project co-chaired by Simpson and Bowles to carry on the work of their commission. Lorenzen argued that even though the committee did not use the $2 trillion figure in its report, it was fair for Kerry to have used it in the context of comparing Simpson-Bowles to subsequent deficit-reduction proposals. His comments are detailed, so we’ve provided them separately here . However, we’ve decided to stick to prior our ruling of , based on another point Lorenzen made — that if Kerry were to use the $2 trillion figure, then applying the same counting methodology to the total deficit reduction figure would result in a reduction of $5 trillion. That would have made  the other half of Kerry’s statement, in which he said Simpson Bowles would have produced $4 trillion in deficit reduction.
Statement: Says Ted Strickland "in this campaign bragged about his A-plus rating with the NRA. ... He has said he has a mixed and spotty record on this issue and that he can be criticized for it. Those are his words, not mine. So I don't know where he is on this issue.
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: October 20, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: guns
Context: the Ohio Senate debate
Fact-check justification: Portman said Strickland "in this campaign bragged about his A-plus rating with the NRA. ... He has (also) said he has a mixed and spotty record on this issue and that he can be criticized for it." At the debate, Portman framed the quote in the proper context about guns. We rate the statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/90456e35-6985-4c2a-bc0c-a58154ce1922
Statement: Christian Pastor in Vermont Sentenced to One Year in Prison After Refusing to Marry Gay Couple
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 10, 2015
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;race and ethnicity;marriage
Context: a headline on the website NewsExaminer
Fact-check justification: Posts about a Christian pastor in Vermont being sentenced to one year in prison after refusing to marry a gay couple have circulated on the Internet. However, the article was published at a known -news site, and we found no  to support the existence of key elements of the story, including the pastor, church, or the judge referenced in the article. We rate this  .