chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: It's only a federal crime for the" inspector general to out a whistleblower.
Speaker: donald trump jr.
About the speaker: Donald Trump Jr. is the son of President Donald Trump and his former wife Ivana Trump.
Date: November 7, 2019
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: an interview on ABC's "The View"
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "It’s only a federal crime for the" inspector general to out a whistleblower. He has zeroed in on the clearest legal barrier to outing a whistleblower (at least one who isn’t a covert operative). However, it would be possible to argue in court that outing a whistleblower also qualifies as obstruction of justice or witness retaliation, which — if a judge agrees — would be another scenario in which this results in a federal crime. The statement is accurate but needs additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: More than half of Virginia's school buildings are older than 50 years.
Speaker: jennifer mcclellan
About the speaker: Democrat Jennifer McClellan was elected to the Virginia Senate in 2017, representing a district centered in Richmond. She had previously served for 11 years in the House of Delegates. McClellan unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for governor in 2021.
McClellan was born in Petersburg, Va. and graduated from the University of Richmond and the University of Virginia's law school. She is assistant general counsel for Verizon.
Date: February 15, 2022
Location: virginia
Topics: education;infrastructure
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: In June 2020, the U.S. Government and Accountability Office reported that about half of the nation’s public school districts need to replace multiple building systems or features. The average age of U.S. school buildings was 44 in 2013, according to the most recent survey by the National Center for Education Statistics.   McClellan writes, "More than half of Virginia’s school buildings are older than 50 years." State Department of Education records show 52% of Virginia schools had crossed the half-century mark in June 2021. We rate McClellan’s  .
Statement: Says a photo shows Greta Thunberg posing next to George Soros and with ISIS.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 23, 2019
Topics: climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims to show Greta Thunberg posing with ISIS, George Soros and an Antifa shirt. The first photo was taken out of context and doesn’t show Thunberg at all. The second photo was digitally altered. The third is genuine, but Thunberg has said she borrowed the shirt at the time. Also, being antifascist is not the same as being a member of Antifa. The post is . We rate it .
Statement: Background checks have been unequivocally shown to reduce gun violence.
Speaker: seth moulton
About the speaker: Seth Moulton is a representative of Massachusetts’s 6th Congressional District. He has represented the district since 2014. Moulton served in the U.S. Marine Corps from 2001 to 2008 and attained the rank of captain. After being discharged from the Iraq War, he received an MBA from Harvard Business School and an MPP from the Harvard Kennedy School. Moulton previously received a bachelor’s degree in physics from Harvard University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in August.
Date: October 8, 2017
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Moulton said, "Background checks have been unequivocally shown to reduce gun violence." Research has shown background checks to be associated with reduced gun violence, and they’re believed to be a necessary measure to stop guns from falling into the  hands. But it hasn’t been scientifically established that background checks alone could reduce violence, separate from a broader system of laws, regulations and enforcement. In short, the scientific literature is fuzzier than Moulton claims, experts said. We rate this .
Statement: Says a federal judge "sanctions Tennessee 'birther' lawyer … for bringing a frivolous lawsuit.
Speaker: tennessee democratic party
About the speaker: The Tennessee Democratic Party headquarters are in Nashville.
Date: August 28, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: obama birth certificate
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The Tennessee Democratic Party wanted to bring attention to Tennessee "birthers" challenging President Obama’s citizenship, and did so by pushing a press release claiming the judge found the claims so "frivolous" that he sanctioned the plaintiffs who brought them. We rule the statement .
Statement: This year, a majority of states are seeing premiums and costs double" under Obamacare.
Speaker: james lankford
About the speaker: James Lankford, a Republican, is a U.S. Senator from Oklahoma. Previously, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives. Prior to joining the House, he served as director of student ministry at the Baptist Convention of Oklahoma and as director of the Falls Creek Youth Camp.
Date: May 24, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A recent Health and Human Services study found that individual-market premiums in many states had doubled -- but over four years, not "this year." But the comparison itself is flawed. It doesn’t reflect several significant issues that would paint a different picture, including federal subsidies that lower the out-of-pocket cost, coverage requirements that provide better benefits for the insured, and the possibility that people with pre-existing conditions could buy a plan at all. We rate Lankford’s statement . This article has been updated to include a statement from Lankford's office.
Statement: If it is enacted, the Senate immigration bill is "going to make the Border Patrol bigger than the FBI -- you could put one agent every 250 feet.
Speaker: bill maher
About the speaker: Bill Maher is a comedian and host of HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher. He also works as a comedian and actor.
Date: June 21, 2013
Location: national
Topics: immigration;pundits
Context: a roundtable section of the HBO show "Real Time with Bill Maher"
Fact-check justification: Maher said that if it is enacted, the Senate immigration bill is "going to make the border patrol bigger than the FBI -- you could put one agent every 250 feet." He’s right on the first  and on target with the second. In all, we rate his statement .
Statement: The HIV virus has been "detected in Walmart bananas after 10 year old boy contracts the virus.
Speaker: cnnews3.com
About the speaker: A website associated with posting fake news.
Date: February 6, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: an Internet post
Fact-check justification: The Post credited the images to a Colorado woman named Amanda Andrys, who said Del Monte told her the red streaks were from a bacteria-induced disease called mokillo. Mokillo is more colorfully known as finger-tip rot , and can be a problem for banana growers . The disease doesn’t harm humans, but it does require banana growers to disinfect farming equipment. Once we peeled back the layers on this story, it was obviously a . We rate it ! https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/e585b449-4fe0-480e-8201-b78b5a4bc979
Statement: Under the leadership of @WVGovernor Justice, West Virginia now has the highest rate of COVID-19 spread from person to person than any other state.
Speaker: west virginia democratic party
About the speaker: The West Virginia Democratic Party is the official Democratic organization in the Mountain State.
Date: July 10, 2020
Location: west virginia
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The West Virginia Democratic Party tweeted, "Under the leadership of @WVGovernor Justice, West Virginia now has the highest rate of COVID-19 spread from person to person than any other state." On the day the tweet was posted, West Virginia did have one of the highest rates of transmission of any state. However, using this metric communicates only one part of the picture of how hard West Virginia is getting hit by the coronavirus.  Among other measurements, the absolute number of coronavirus cases ranks far below the level seen in current hot-spot states like Arizona, Florida, and Texas. And the state’s positivity rate for test results is close to the low level that experts like to see. We rate this statement .
Statement: I am roughly being paid $53 a day to educate your child.
Speaker:  stokes county school teacher
About the speaker: His Facebook post went viral.
Date: May 10, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A teacher in western North Carolina said he makes $53 a day, spurring politicians to use his  to support their position that teachers across the state are underpaid. The difference between what the teacher claimed and what the records show is about $26.76. In other words, his daily pay in April was about 50 percent higher than he claimed it was. What teachers make is an important debate — one that should be won or lost on solid numbers. There are many ways of illustrating a correct number, but the $53/day is not the poster child it was made out to be. We rate this statement .
Statement: Wisconsin state lawmakers worked seven days in 2012 but got "paid for a whole year.
Speaker: leon young
About the speaker: Rep. Leon Young, a Milwaukee Democrat, was elected to the Wisconsin Assembly in 1992.
Date: January 19, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget;states
Context: a news article
Fact-check justification: Really. Our rating Young said Wisconsin legislators worked only seven days in 2012 but got "paid for a whole year." The veteran Assembly member admitted his statement didn’t account for all the duties lawmakers have. In fact, it didn't come close. For a statement that is  and , we rate Young’s statement !
Statement: House Democrats "have a two-to-one advantage money-wise" against House Republicans.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: August 1, 2010
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;elections;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: When comparing the DCCC and the NRCC in cash on hand, Pelosi is on target when she says that there's a two-to-one Democratic advantage. But using four other measures, the Democrats have a smaller lead, including one case in which the Republicans narrowly lead. Using two other measures, the Democrats have a lead of greater than two to one. Of course, these statistics can change before Election Day, and it's not especially surprising that the Democrats lead the Republicans in fundraising -- being the incumbent party in power. Either way, we think the single best statistic to use is the one Pelosi cited correctly, so we'll rate her comment .
Statement: The use of ballot drop boxes and ballot harvesting is illegal.
Speaker: kevin nicholson
About the speaker: Republican Kevin Nicholson, a former Marine, announced in July 2017 that he would run in 2018 for the seat held by U.S. Sen. Tammy Baldwin, D-Wis. He is a business consultant who lives in Delafield, Wis.
Date: January 28, 2022
Location: national
Topics: elections;legal issues;wisconsin
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Nicholson claimed  "The use of ballot drop boxes and ballot harvesting is illegal."  The statement came on the same day the state Supreme Court agreed to take up a lawsuit that addresses these very same questions. That alone underlines the fact that the matter is unsettled and Nicholson’s declaration is – at best – premature. The fact the court specifically allowed the use of the drop boxes in the Feb. 15 primary is significant, in that – contrary to the impression left by Nicholson’s  – voters using the drop boxes, and municipalities putting them in place, are not doing anything the courts have deemed impermissible. That said, there is an element of  in that at least one lower court reached his conclusion, even if subsequent rulings have muddied the matter and left the question unsettled – both at the time Nichoson made his , and as we publish this item. We rate the  .
Statement: Says his conviction is "a political witch hunt by holdovers in the Obama justice department.
Speaker: joe arpaio
About the speaker: Joe Arpaio has been Sheriff of Maricopa County in Arizona since 1993. 
Date: August 25, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;legal issues
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Arpaio said that his conviction for contempt of court was the result of a witch hunt by Obama administration Justice Department holdovers. The actual roots of the complaints that led to Arpaio’s conviction lie outside the Justice Department. A 2007 private lawsuit turned into a class action lawsuit that led a George W. Bush-era federal judge to issue an injunction against Arpaio and his department. Over several years, Arpaio publicly declared that he would not change his ways. The original judge referred Arpaio’s case for criminal prosecution and a Clinton-era judge found him guilty. The record, the law and legal opinion show the U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona had control of the process, not Justice Department staff linked to the Obama administration. We rate this  .
Statement: Former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin was right that President Barack Obama's health care bill created what "would, in effect, be death panels.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: October 11, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: a Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, which oversees Medicare, the federal health care program for the elderly, confirmed in an email that it has no age limit for treatment. This newer  started because the health care law, as passed, does support "comparative effectiveness research," which compares the clinical effectiveness of treatments. But the law specifies that if research shows a certain treatment for the elderly isn't effective, it "may not be construed as mandates, guidelines, or recommendations for payment, coverage, or treatment or used to deny coverage." "Death panels" were not proposed when the health care reform effort started, and "death panels" still don’t exist.   Gingrich earns a . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/1484bcdb-41e1-4486-a690-13eb89d7e7e0
Statement: Says BBC prematurely reported "Ghislaine Maxwell moved to intensive care as coronavirus symptoms worsen.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 2, 2020
Topics: criminal justice;crime;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The acting U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York announced the charges against Maxwell. When the BBC reported on the charges, the story appeared in its "US & Canada" section. On July 3, a self-described satire site posted a story claiming Maxwell had tested positive for COVID-19 in a New Hampshire jail. We found no credible reports that Maxwell has tested positive for the disease.   We rate this image .
Statement: Says a photo shows Adam Schiff and Jeffrey Epstein.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 24, 2019
Topics: candidate biography;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Alexa is away for her studies and Eli is our photographer! Wishing you and your family a Happy Thanksgiving!"   The image that appears on Facebook also appears manipulated to make it look like a sex toy is resting on a table by the couch. It isn’t in the original image.   We rate this Facebook post !
Statement: Jim Renacci "voted repeatedly to end Medicare.
Speaker: betty sutton
About the speaker: Rep. Betty Sutton is a Democrat from Ohio's 13th Congressional District.
Date: May 1, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: a campaign email
Fact-check justification: The Washington Post’s Fact Checker concluded that while there’s "a worthwhile debate" about whether Ryan’s proposal should be adopted, "it is not  to  Republicans are trying to ‘kill’ Medicare."   It labeled the  as one of the "biggest Pinocchios of 2011." The unqualified end-of-Medicare statement is not accurate. The Sutton fund-raising pitch included no "as we know it" qualification. On the -O-Meter, that means the statement, as it has in the past, registers a rating of .
Statement: Says he cured Charlie Sheen and the island of Comoros of HIV with "milk from goats, which had arthritis.
Speaker: samir chachoua
About the speaker: Samir Chachoua is an Australian doctor.
Date: January 29, 2016
Topics: global news service;health care;public health;science
Context: comments on "Real Time with Bill Maher"
Fact-check justification: Chachoua said he cured Charlie Sheen and Comoros of HIV with "milk from goats which had arthritis." Chachoua is taking a nugget of science and twisting into an  . There is no proof that CAEV — a relative of HIV that’s studied for its vaccine potential — neutralizes HIV. Sheen and people on the island of Comoros both have HIV. We rate Chachoua’s  .
Statement: Pls refer to Jan.1 tax changes appropriately: they're OBAMA TAX HIKES & they'll slam every American's savings, investments & job opportunity
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: December 1, 2010
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a Twitter message
Fact-check justification: This pretty clearly makes it sound like Obama wants to raise taxes on everyone, which is not the case. Also, if you want to give Obama the blame, you'd also have to give a good portion of blame to the current Congress. It's been well-known that the tax cuts are going to expire, and there was nothing stopping the Democratic-controlled Congress from addressing the issue earlier. Finally, you'd also have to give some blame to Bush and the previous Congresses for passing tax cuts that expire. So we don't think Palin's statement is accurate and we rate it .
Statement: Says "Nathan Deal killed pro-gun bills in 2013.
Speaker: georgia gun owners
About the speaker: Georgia Gun Owners is organized as a 501(c)4 non-profit, non-partisan grassroots citizen organization that describes itself as the only no-compromise grassroots gun organization in the state.
Date: August 10, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: guns
Context: a flier
Fact-check justification: So, too, were other key voices. House and Senate lawmakers are still debating the matter six months later. The flier suggests the failure of these bills to pass earlier this year was the governor’s fault. We think that’s a bit of a stretch. Our rating: .
Statement: There is no tax increase in the governor's budget plan.
Speaker: eileen filler-corn
About the speaker: Eileen Filler-Corn, D-Fairfax County, was first elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 2010. Her Democratic colleagues chose her as House Minority Leader in late 2018.  In addition to serving in the House, she is the director of government relations at Albers & Company.  Filler-Corn previously worked for Democratic Govs. Mark Warner and Tim Kaine, advising them on state and federal relations.
Date: January 15, 2019
Location: virginia
Topics: taxes
Context: a floor speech
Fact-check justification: Filler-Corn said, "There is no tax increase in the governor’s budget plan." Any boosts state income tax bills, her senior advisor says, ripples from federal tax reform passed in 2017, not Gov. Northam’s proposals. Because of those changes, Virginia’s income tax laws have fallen far out of sync with those of the U.S. government. Northam’s plan would keep the disparity intact and, as a result, 26 percent of Virginia filers would see their state income tax bills rise - by an average of $392. That would create a $1.2 billion state windfall over two years and Northam proposes spending most of it. Filler-Corn’s explanation suggests the governor’s hands are tied. But Northam has had options. He could have recommended that Virginia laws be brought closer in conformity with federal tax code, ending the chance that any Virginian would pay pay a higher income tax. The governor chose otherwise. As we’ve noted, it would not be an across-the-board tax hike; it would affect one of four Virginia filers. That slightly helps Filler-Corn. We rate her statement .
Statement: Over 97 percent of the scientific community … believe that humans are contributing to climate change.
Speaker: don beyer
About the speaker: Donald S. Beyer Jr. is the Democratic nominee for 8th District congressional seat Democrat in Northern Virginia. The seat has been occupied since 1992 by Democrat Jim Moran, who is not seeking reelection.
Beyer served two terms as Virginia's lieutenant governor from 1990 to 1998. He ran for governor in 1997 and lost to Republican Jim Gilmore. From 2009 to 2013, he was ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein.  
Beyer and his younger brother, Michael, are the owners of nine car dealerships in Northern Virginia.
Beyer was born in 1950 in Trieste, Italy, the son of a U.S. Army officer. He was raised in Washington, D.C. and graduated from Williams College, magna cum laude, with a degree in economics.
 
Date: March 24, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: climate change;science
Context: a website post
Fact-check justification: Beyer said "over 97 percent of the scientific community" believe humans are contributing to climate change. The studies Beyer and others cite do not reflect the scientific community at large. They are surveys that focus on the conclusions of climatologists, earth scientists and meteorologists. The studies found that overwhelming majorities of these experts - sometimes, but not always as high as 97 percent - say humans are contributing to global warming. Beyer’s statement is credible but needs elaboration. We rate it .