chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Foreign aid "is less than 1 percent of our federal budget.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: March 11, 2016
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;federal budget;foreign policy
Context: a GOP debate at the University of Miami
Fact-check justification: Rubio said foreign aid "is less than 1 percent of our federal budget." Several reports put the amount of foreign aid in the ballpark of what Rubio said at the GOP debate -- and it has been consistently in the single digits or less. We rate this  . Editor’s note: We updated this story on March 14, 2016, with additional information from the U.S. Overseas Loans & Grants database. The rating remains the same.
Statement: In July 1996, Mitt Romney helped locate the missing teenage daughter of a partner at Bain Capital.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: January 30, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a chain e-mail and blog and Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: "She was not harmed," Robert Gay said at news conference after she was found, according to the New York Daily News. "She was in tears. We just gave her hugs and brought her back home." By all accounts, the effort by Bain employees was central to the effort to locate the girl, and Romney reportedly played a significant role in that effort. We give the account now circulating a rating of .
Statement: While many urban areas across the country saw a sharp increase in crime over the last year, the Philadelphia Police Department successfully lowered part one crimes.
Speaker: jim kenney
About the speaker: Mayor of Philadelphia and former City Councilman
Date: December 15, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: crime
Context: a report
Fact-check justification: It found the projected crime rate up 1.3 percent overall, a projection the Brennan Center described as "nearly unchanged," the violent crime rate up 5.5 percent and the murder rate up 13.1 percent.      The Brennan Center notes most of the fluctuations in the crime rate fall within expected ranges and there has been no national wave of crime. The main reasons for stories about an unclear increase in murder and violent crime nationally are outliers like Chicago and San Antonio, which have seen their murder rates go up about 47 percent and 50 percent, respectively, this year. For overall crime rate, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Antonio, Charlotte and Oklahoma City were the only cities with increases in crime above 4 percent. Philadelphia is one of 13 of the 21 cities to experience a reduction in total crime and one of eight to see a reduction in violent crime.
Statement: Says Clint Eastwood is dead.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 2, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  An embedded video titled "Rest In Peace" — with an image of Eastwood and CNN’s logo again — plays for a couple seconds before stopping with a message that users must share to verify their ages because there’s graphic content ahead.   But CNN hasn’t reported on Eastwood’s death, nor could we find any other credible coverage reporting that he has died.   Rather, we found stories like this Sept. 2 dissection of the mechanics behind this particular hoax and this Sept. 3 item from the Independent : "Clint Eastwood death hoax: Why the internet keeps saying celebrities are dead when they are not. "  Eastwood actually has a new movie he directed coming out in December: a biopic called "Richard Jewell" about a security guard who became a suspect in a pipe bombing during the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta.   We rate this post !
Statement: Four members of the Rhode Island General Assembly "went to vote in 2010 and were told they had already voted.
Speaker: john carlevale
About the speaker: John Carlevale of West Greenwich, R.I., has run for several offices, most recently in an unsuccessful bid for secretary of state in 2014 as a Republican. A graduate of Mt. Pleasant High School and the University of Rhode Island, he received a graduate degree in child development and family relations. Carlevale spent 33 years in human services,  helped found the Rhode Island chapter of the Social Service Employees Union International, and taught at the Community College of Rhode Island for 31 years. He is co-founder of the State of the State public access television show, which advocates for better government.
Date: October 19, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: debates;elections;legal issues
Context: a TV debate
Fact-check justification: John Carlevale said that four members of the Rhode Island General Assembly "went to vote in 2010 and were told they had already voted." Carlevale’s statement, which he’s made in at least one other debate , is dramatic and specific. He’s saying that on multiple occasions in one election people impersonated legislators at the polls. The  hints at a wider problem. Legislators are presumably well-known and recognizable in their districts. If their votes were stolen, then many others must have been too. But we could find only one legislator who made a public  along those lines: Rep. Anastasia Williams, who says she was impersonated at the polls -- in 2006. She never filed a complaint. We rule Carlevale’s statement . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: The health care law "adds around $800 billion of taxes on the American people. It does not discriminate between rich and poor.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: July 8, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: a newspaper op-ed
Fact-check justification: Rubio cherry-picks the highest number he can find -- $800 billion in new taxes -- to garner opposition to the recently upheld health care law. He doesn’t tell readers anything more about the figure, including the fact that these "taxes" would be garnered over 10 years. His statement also indicates that rich and poor people will feel the effects of the law’s various revenue-raising provisions with the same degree of pain. But that’s not . The law taxes wealthier Americans to a greater degree to provide more services for the poor. We rate this .
Statement: (Koch Industries) is among the worst in toxic air pollution in the entire United States ... and churns out more climate-changing greenhouse gases than oil giants Chevron, Shell and Valero.
Speaker: harry reid
About the speaker: Harry Reid is a former U.S. senator from Nevada. He served as the Democratic minority leader in the U.S. Senate immediately prior to leaving office.
Date: July 11, 2016
Location: nevada
Topics: environment
Context: remarks on the Senate floor
Fact-check justification: Reid said, "Koch Industries churns out more climate-changing greenhouse gases than oil giants Chevron, Shell and Valero." Reid’s  accurately calls on facts established in a well-respected study of corporate pollution. Koch Industries does produce more greenhouse gas emissions than the oil companies listed by Reid. But it's a somewhat , apples-to-oranges comparison, because there are more Koch facilities that cover more industries compared to the oil companies. The statement is accurate but needs additional information. That meets our definition of  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/a24a3586-08cf-4ee9-a52a-85c7c46929c8
Statement: Says the concealed carry bill would allow residents of certain states to "travel to your community and walk right into a school zone with a loaded weapon, no matter what local laws say.
Speaker: brendan boyle
About the speaker: Rep. Brendan Boyle, D-Pa., represents Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district.
Date: December 5, 2017
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Boyle said the concealed carry bill would allow residents of certain states to "travel to your community and walk right into a school zone with a loaded weapon, no matter what local laws say." While the Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act would override a federal law concerning the carry of concealed weapons in a school zone, Boyle is  about how the bill would affect state and local gun laws. Concealed carry permit-holders — and residents of the dozen states that allow permitless concealed carry — would still be subject to any state or local laws that prohibit or restrict the carry of a gun in a school or a designated zone around it. We rate this .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney opposes requiring employers to cover contraception and would eliminate funding for Planned Parenthood.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 4, 2012
Location: national
Topics: abortion;message machine 2012;sexuality;women
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: On his website, he goes further and says he will eliminate all  family planning  funds under the Public Health  Service Act . That program, Title X, costs about $300 million and was created in 1970 under the Nixon administration. Our Ruling The Obama campaign ad said that Mitt Romney opposes requiring employers to cover contraception and would eliminate funding for Planned Parenthood. Romney has said he would abolish the contraceptive coverage requirement and he has said repeatedly that he would eliminate federal funding for Planned Parenthood.    We rate the statement .
Statement: Photo shows a gravestone in Japan with a QR code.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 14, 2021
Topics: technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "The codes serve multiple purposes," the since-shuttered publication said. "When scanned, they lead to a website with photos and information about the deceased and allow for users to give virtual gifts, like food, incense, or a Buddhist funeral chant. "  Other news outlets, like the Guardian , Wired and the Atlantic , have also reported on the technological twist on honoring the dead in Japan.   But this photo doesn’t show that. We rate claims that it does .
Statement: Wearing the Kente cloth "worn by affluent African slave traders" is "like honoring Jews by wearing swastikas.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 10, 2020
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;criminal justice;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post on Facebook said that Democrats wearing the Kente cloth "worn by affluent African slave traders" is "like honoring Jews by wearing swastikas." A simplified version of the fabric was worn at a time when African leaders were part of the slave trade. No  suggests it was the mark of a slave trader. In the 1800s, the cloth began to take on the meaning of African identity in opposition to British rule. The first independent prime minister of Ghana wore it when he met Eisenhower in 1958. It became tied to the Civil Rights movement, and was adopted by black clergy and black musicians. The people we reached who study textile history say it has never been tied to slavery the way the swastika is tied to Nazis. We rate this  .
Statement: Eighty out of 82 counties in Ohio ... have an auto manufacturing facility.
Speaker: debbie wasserman schultz
About the speaker: Debbie Wasserman Schultz became the chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee in 2011 and resigned in July 2016. The Florida Democrat was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004 after serving in the state senate. She represents Congressional District 23 in Broward and Miami-Dade counties.
Date: July 8, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: A report from the Ohio Department of Development backs that figure. A more current report from the Department of Development sets that figure at 76 of Ohio’s 88 counties. But an expert told PolitiFact Ohio that changes in how the industry group is defined could be part of the reason for that change. That’s additional information that provides clarification. On the -O-Meter, her  rates .
Statement: Says CNN reported Queen Elizabeth II died.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 22, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: There was an incident in 2015, for example, in which a BBC reporter sent a tweet mistakenly claiming the queen had died. The news outlet had been running a rehearsal practicing how it would respond if the queen did die, and that journalist saw an internal TV monitor showing that rehearsal, according to the BBC. Looking for instances of other news outlets reporting that the queen died this year, as the Facebook post claims, we found only the blog Hollywood Unlocked, which said on Feb. 22 that "sources close to the Royal Kingdom notified us exclusively that Queen Elizabeth has passed away. "  The story went viral, Variety reported , "with Twitter commentators highlighting the suspicious nature of an obscure U.S. blog breaking the news of the Queen’s death before British outlets like the BBC or Press Association. "  We rate claims that CNN reported the queen died .
Statement: Says the United States has "treaties with apparently 69 countries where we are obligated to defend their borders. And these were treaties that were executive treaties, not authorized by Congress.
Speaker: gary johnson
About the speaker: Gary Johnson is the Libertarian nominee for president in 2016. He was also the party's nominee in 2012. He previously served as governor of New Mexico as a Republican.
Date: June 5, 2016
Location: national
Topics: congress;foreign policy
Context: an appearance on Meet the Press
Fact-check justification: Gary Johnson claimed that the United States is obligated to "defend the borders" of 69 countries by treaties, and that Congress did not have a say in the matter. Johnson’s reference to "69 countries" is in the ballpark. However, he fails to include in his statement the nuance regarding how much action the United States would actually be compelled to take under these treaties, according to experts. Johnson is also  to say that Congress had not considered any of these treaties, because the Senate considered all but one pursuant to its constitutional powers. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/9fc80cb6-ce8d-4630-93a7-2af99cff41fa
Statement: Say Wisconsin Republican lawmakers have done nothing "while neighboring states like Minnesota, Illinois and Michigan have already implemented safety precautions like requiring individuals to wear masks.
Speaker: wisconsin state senate democrats
About the speaker: Four Democratic state senators in Wisconsin were targeted by Wisconsin Manufacturers and Commerce with TV ads in the 2010 election.
Date: July 24, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: public health;states;coronavirus
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Wisconsin’s state Senate Democratic Committee claimed Republican lawmakers have failed to act while "neighboring states like Minnesota, Illinois and Michigan have already implemented safety precautions like requiring individuals to wear masks." It’s clear that Wisconsin lawmakers are behind the curve on COVID-19 compared to neighboring legislatures. Legislative bodies in Minnesota, Illinois and Michigan have introduced and passed more bills since the pandemic began.  But they didn’t act alone, and safety precautions like mask mandates were ordered by their governors.  That leaves us with a statement that’s accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate this  .
Statement: Says he's "taken an 8% pay decrease in each of the nine years he has been in office.
Speaker: gerald daugherty
About the speaker: Gerald Daugherty won election to his previous seat as Precinct 3 commissioner for Travis County in November 2012.
Date: October 17, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;county budget;county government
Context: his campaign website
Fact-check justification: Daugherty says on his campaign site that he’s "taken an 8% pay decrease in each of the nine years he has been in office." As a commissioner, Daugherty took a pay cut once. In fiscal 2004, his salary went down 1.55 percent to $66,523. Daugherty also has consistently taken steps to ensure he’s paid 8 percent less than fellow commissioners each year, though in one year his pay ran about 6 percent behind. On balance, we rate this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says "Joe Biden is absolutely on board with defunding the police.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 20, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;legal issues;wisconsin
Context: Campaign ad
Fact-check justification: A Trump campaign ad running in Wisconsin claimed that Biden "absolutely wants to defund police."  But Biden himself has said several times in interviews and op-eds that he does not support defunding the police. And his campaign platform actually includes hiring more officers, focused on community policing.  We rate this  .
Statement: One generation ago we led the world in college graduation. We're 16th today.
Speaker: arne duncan
About the speaker: Arne Duncan is the U.S. Secretary of Education. Prior to his appointment as secretary of education, Duncan was chief executive officer of the Chicago Public Schools.
Date: January 12, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: education
Context: a town hall-style meeting
Fact-check justification: The OECD data shows that his assertion that the United States ranked 16th for college graduation gets high marks. As for a generation ago, the OECD considered the United States the world leader because most of the world’s college graduates were from the United States. In terms of percentage of population, though, the U.S. numbers were slightly behind the much smaller nation of Israel. That’s a point of clarification. On the -O-Meter, Duncan’s statement rates as .
Statement: When we look at the number of murders in the United States (in) 2009, we had 9,500 people murdered. When we look around the world, we see ... large countries, the U.K., Germany, Japan had 200 or less killed in a year.
Speaker: frank lautenberg
About the speaker: Frank Lautenberg is a Democratic senator representing New Jersey.
Date: January 11, 2011
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;crime;guns
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: "America is more violent than other nations in ways unrelated to guns and for reasons having nothing to do with the rate of gun ownership." We still don't think these pieces of context undermine the accuracy of Lautenberg's statement. The senator was actually a little low in his estimate of firearm homicides in the U.S. for 2009, and he was accurate in saying that Japan and the United Kingdom had fewer than 200 firearm murders. Germany's number is higher than 200, but is still dramatically lower than the U.S. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Says Texas high school "graduation rates are at an all-time high—the third-highest in the nation—which represents a significant turnaround from just a few short years ago.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: January 29, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: his State of the State address
Fact-check justification: Perry said Texas has the nation’s third-highest high school graduation rate, which he called a significant turnaround from a few years ago. Texas tied with five states for the third-highest rate in 2011, of 86 percent. Then again, three states had higher rates, meaning Texas might better be described as fourth-ranked. Other nicks in Perry’s statement: These results are preliminary and might prove unreliable. Also, by another measure, comparing the number of graduates one year to students in ninth grade four years earlier, Texas remained among middling states for 2009-10, with a 79 percent completion rate. Finally, since it's not accurate to compare these rates devised in different ways, Perry’s reference to a "significant turnaround" depends on just the three years of rates measured in the newest way. But in this time window, there is no indication the rate was either stuck or plummeting before 2011, so the latest results do not indicate a turnaround. All told, Texas graduation rates are improving and the state looks strong compared to most others. We rate this statement as .