chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The Benghazi probe is "the longest-running congressional investigation ever.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: September 30, 2015
Location: national
Topics: congress;history;terrorism
Context: a campaign Tweet
Fact-check justification: Clinton’s campaign said the Benghazi probe is "the longest-running congressional investigation ever." The clearest way to measure this is to look at when a special congressional committee dedicated to a specific investigation officially began and ended. By this measure, this  is . While the Benghazi investigation has lasted about 17 months, we found other investigations that lasted 30, 40 and even 90 months. And the number of longer investigations only goes up once probes by permanent committees are included. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney told university students in Ohio that to start a business, they should "borrow money if you have to from your parents.
Speaker: julián castro
About the speaker: Julián Castro is a former U.S. secretary of Housing & Urban Development. He was the youngest member of Barack Obama’s cabinet, serving from 2014 to 2017. Just before he became secretary of HUD, he was the mayor of San Antonio, elected in 2009. Castro received a bachelor’s degree in political science and communications from Stanford University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on Jan. 2, 2020.
Date: September 4, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: economy;small business
Context: Charlotte, N.C
Fact-check justification: Castro told his fellow Democrats that Romney urged students at an Ohio university that if they have to, they should borrow money from their parents to start a business. Romney, in fact, said that. Castro’s  rates .
Statement: The tax cut deal is giving "$700 billion to millionaires and billionaires.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: December 9, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: deficit;economy;taxes
Context: a CNN interview
Fact-check justification: Who knows how to predict, five or 10 years out?" But he did know how to project, and he chose 10 years. How to rate Brown’s statement, then? Those are two key points on which Brown’s statement simply is not accurate. On the -O-Meter, we rate his statement .
Statement: The Republicans didn't have a budget in '02, '04, '06.
Speaker: steny hoyer
About the speaker: Steny Hoyer is the current House minority whip, having served in the position once before from 2003 to 2007. He was majority leader of the House from 2007 to 2011, and is the dean of the Maryland congressional delegation, having served the 5th district since 1981.
Date: June 13, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week''
Fact-check justification: Hoyer failed to mention the GOP's failure in 1998. Moreover, the Republicans can't be solely faulted for the failure in 2002 to pass a fiscal 2003 budget, because the Democrats controlled the Senate and were unable to pass a budget resolution.    So Hoyer's comment is not entirely accurate, and is less precise than Boehner's comment because he didn't specify if he was talking about the House, the Senate or Republicans as a whole.  As our related fact-check of Boehner's comment shows, the House Republicans did indeed pass an initial budget resolution every time they ran the process as the majority party, even though on three occasions the GOP was not able to pass a final budget through both chambers.  For Hoyer, we rate his comment .
Statement: If Bezos has 200 billion dollas, and there's 7 billion people on earth, why can't we each get a billion and (he'd) be left with 193 billion dollas?
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 25, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: $1 billion    X  7.8 billion people = $7,800,000,000,000,000,000 That's $7.8 quintillion, or about 40 million times Bezos' fortune. Looked at a different way, if you rounded up Bezos’ fortune to the even $200 billion stated in the post, and apportioned it evenly among the world’s 7.8 billion people, each one would get about $25.   Bezos, as one of those 7.8 billion, would be left with just $25. We rate this  .
Statement: In England, "COVID-19 vaccinated children are 4,423% more likely to die of any cause and 13,633% more likely to die of COVID-19 than unvaccinated children.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 27, 2022
Topics: children;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A blog post said that in England, "COVID-19 vaccinated children are 4,423% more likely to die of any cause and 13,633% more likely to die of COVID-19 than unvaccinated children." There is no  that links the COVID-19 vaccine to an increase in deaths among children in England. Disparities in sample sizes of vaccinated and unvaccinated children, and prioritizations for vaccination prevent a valid comparison among the groups, said a spokesperson for a U.K. office that collects health data. We rate this  . RELATED: No, the COVID-19 vaccine is not increasing child mortality in England
Statement: Says he has exposed plans by Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker to push legislation that would allow the state to declare financial martial law and take over municipal governments.
Speaker: ed garvey
About the speaker: Ed Garvey a Madison lawyer and publisher of FightingBob.com, a political opinion website. In 1986, he was the Democratic nominee in Wisconsin for U.S. Senate and in 1998 he was the Democratic nominee for Wisconsin governor. Garvey served as executive director of the National Football League Players Association union from 1971 until 1983.
Date: April 14, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: city government;labor;state budget
Context: a blog posting
Fact-check justification: What’s more, Garvey did not uncover it (it was previously announced by the group) and he’s provided no direct  of involvement from Walker, who vehemently denies it. The measure could change through the legislative process, but that’s the future. Garvey had a "scoop." But it was more of the gardening -- and not journalistic -- variety. We rate his  .
Statement: Says Alaska Sen. Mark Begich supported President Barack Obama's economic policies "97 percent of the time.
Speaker: dan sullivan
About the speaker: Dan Sullivan is a Republican senator from Alaska.
Date: February 20, 2014
Location: national
Topics: bipartisanship;congress
Context: a campaign email blast
Fact-check justification: Sullivan’s campaign email claimed Begich supports Obama’s economic policies 97 percent of the time. The statistic the campaign offered looked at all Senate legislation, not just economic policy. Most Democrats scored 90 percent or higher. In another vote analysis that ranked Democrats according to party loyalty, Begich ranked only 45th. Notably, he’s crossed his party on economic issues like yearly budgeting and oil taxes. Sullivan’s  hinges on one statistic in a way that doesn’t accurately reflect Begich’s voting record on economic policy. We rated this  .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "wanted the wall.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 19, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration;candidate biography;history;homeland security;voting record
Context: the third 2016 presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Indeed, Trump himself has said the fencing "was such a little wall, it was such a nothing wall." Our rating Trump said, Clinton "wanted the wall." Clinton voted in 2006 for 700 miles of fencing along the U.S.-Mexico border, but not for the taller, longer concrete wall that he vows to build. The statement is partially accurate but takes things out of context. We rate his statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/95d8bd7c-eee9-4f37-a7c9-e003d18a8316
Statement: TV host "Dr. Phil" endorsed a "2023 seniors benefits program.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 19, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "This is 100% not real and he does not/did not endorse this," said Jerry Sharell, vice president of communications for "Dr. Phil." Clicking a link in the post that says "2023 senior benefits program" leads to a website — us-relief.org — advertising that "Americans are now able to  their free $3,500 allowance card thanks to a new benefit passed by Congress." But this site isn’t affiliated with the government, and we found no  of such a benefit.   Clicking on the link on the page that says " yours now" leads to a dead page.   We rate claims that McGraw endorsed this allowance card .
Statement: I've been on the Armed Services (Committee) for 10 years. No call or meeting w/ Russian ambassador. Ever.
Speaker: claire mccaskill
About the speaker: Claire McCaskill is a Democrat and a U.S. Senator from Missouri.
Date: March 2, 2017
Location: national
Topics: homeland security;foreign policy
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: McCaskill said, "I’ve been on the Armed Services Com for 10 years. No call or meeting w/ Russian ambassador. Ever." McCaskill’s own tweets show that she has had an in-person group meeting, as well as a phone call, with the Russian ambassador in the past four years. A McCaskill spokesperson contrasted these interactions with the private one-on-one meeting Sessions had in his office with the ambassador. However, though the context for McCaskill’s and Sessions’ interactions with Kislyak may be very different, she goes too far in saying she didn’t "ever" have that meeting or phone call. We rate McCaskill’s  .
Statement: Says Texas House rules authorized by the Texas Constitution supersede the state law permitting anyone to record a public government meeting.
Speaker: charlie geren
About the speaker: Charlie Geren, a Fort Worth businessman, won election to the Texas House in 2000. In 2017, he chaired the House Committee on Administration.
Date: April 11, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;history;legal issues;states
Context: Dallas
Fact-check justification: Geren wrote that House rules authorized by the Texas Constitution supersede the state law permitting anyone to record an open government meeting. We find that a constitutional provision plus sweeping House-adopted language that arguably lets the body operate without regard to any law support the chairman's statement. But it's also worth clarifying that the rub with the 1973 law allowing anyone to record a government meeting has yet to be dissected by a court. We rate the  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. UPDATE, 12:20 p.m. May 25, 2017 : On May 25, 2017, a Travis County state district judge sided with Hedtke, issuing a temporary order requiring Cook to let Hedtke take photographs and video-record hearings that Cook chairs. See the Austin American-Statesman 's news story on the ruling here . This action wouldn't bear on our past rating of Geren's statement in that the judge acted after Geren made his .
Statement: Sharron Angle "would eliminate the Department of Education.
Speaker: harry reid
About the speaker: Harry Reid is a former U.S. senator from Nevada. He served as the Democratic minority leader in the U.S. Senate immediately prior to leaving office.
Date: August 23, 2010
Location: national
Topics: education;legal issues;message machine 2010;states
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: It's worth noting that there's been a long-running constitutional debate about whether the Education Department is legitimate. Erwin Chemerinsky, the liberal dean of the University of California (Irvine) law school, argues that it's proper because of Congress' spending power. Ilya Shapiro of the libertarian Cato Institute counters that the 10th Amendment's assigning of all unlisted powers to the states makes it  "plain and obvious that there is no constitutional authority" for it. Regardless, on the issue raised by Reid's ad -- whether Sharron Angle "would eliminate the Department of Education" -- we found that yes, she did say she wanted to do so in several public forums. So we rate the Reid ad .
Statement: Says Dean Heller helped "craft a partisan repeal bill that also would have slashed coverage protections for people with pre-existing conditions.
Speaker: jacky rosen
About the speaker: Jacky Rosen is a Henderson synagogue leader and the Democratic candidate in Nevada's 3rd Congressional District.
Date: June 8, 2018
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;health care
Context: a campaign press release
Fact-check justification: Rosen said that Heller backed a bill that would have "slashed coverage protections for people with pre-existing conditions." The legislation included language to protect people with pre-existing conditions, but it opened the door to insurance plans that might be more limited or less affordable than exist today. How much protection would be lost is impossible to predict. The proposal told states they had to plan to keep coverage accessible and affordable for people with pre-existing conditions. But it didn’t define those terms and that falls short of an ironclad guarantee. A full reading of the bill’s text shows that protections for pre-existing conditions would be less certain, but the statement pushes beyond the known impacts of the Graham-Cassidy bill. We rate this  . Clarification: After we published this fact-check, Heller’s office provided updated materials on the Graham-Cassidy legislation. We included that information, as well as a description of the Avalere study’s funding. The rating remained unchanged.
Statement: Kid Rock posted "Zelensky just bought his parents an $8,000,000 villa, complete with a salt water pool & 3 brand new vehicles.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 16, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "  We couldn’t find a Gettr account for Kid Rock, and it’s not listed among the social media accounts on his website . Kid Rock’s website links to his YouTube account and his verified Facebook , Instagram and Twitter accounts.   We’ve previously debunked claims that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy owns a $35 million home in Florida. We couldn’t find any credible sources to corroborate the  in this Gettr post, either.   As for the  that Kid Rock authored it, we rate that .
Statement: Image shows a Rebekah Jones campaign event.
Speaker: matt gaetz
About the speaker: Matt Gaetz was elected to Congress in 2016 representing Florida's 1st District. He was elected to the Florida House of Representatives serving District 4 in 2010. His father is former Sen. Don Gaetz.
Date: September 10, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: congress
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: When we asked Gaetz's campaign about the , a staff member pointed out the "big campaign banner" for Jones in the photo. Although Jones attended the wellness convention as a congressional candidate, those attending were not there specifically to hear from Jones or to show their support for her candidacy. Jones did not host the event, nor was it held on her behalf. Gaetz's  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: The federal government right now does not deport criminals.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: August 19, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Bush said, "The federal government right now does not deport criminals." Bush points to reports that many criminal illegal immigrants have been released, and there is  that it sometimes happens. But it is an exaggeration to say that none are deported. Last year, ICE deported about 86,000 illegal immigrants convicted of previous crimes. We rate this  .
Statement: On foreign policy, Joe Biden was against aid for Vietnam, said the fall of the Shah was "a step forward" for human rights in Iran, opposed Reagan's defense build-up and voted against the first Gulf War.
Speaker: robert gates
About the speaker: Robert Gates is the U.S. Secretary of Defense. He was first appointed by President George W. Bush in 2006 and was named to remain office by President Barack Obama in 2009.
Date: January 13, 2014
Location: national
Topics: bush administration;history;homeland security;iraq;foreign policy;military
Context: an interview with NPR
Fact-check justification: Gates’ assessments of Biden’s positions on South Vietnamese aid, the Reagan defense build-up and the first Gulf War are accurate, according to our research. However, we found no solid  that Biden actually said the fall of the Shah was a step forward for human rights in Iran. Experts will continue to debate whether foreign policy decisions of Gates and Biden will be viewed favorably by historians. But Gates portrayal of Biden’s record was accurate, with the exception of the unproven  about Biden’s comments on Iran. We rate Gates’ statement .
Statement: In Iowa, "they have allowed a little over 300 people to re-vote.
Speaker: kevin mccarthy
About the speaker: Kevin McCarthy, who was first elected in 2006, is a Republican member of Congress representing a district in California. McCarthy was elected as House Speaker in January 2023.
Date: November 5, 2020
Location: california
Topics: elections;iowa
Context: on 'The Ingraham Angle'
Fact-check justification: That is . Pate and Parrott laid out in their news conference how the state first reported votes in Miller-Meeks’ favor swung to being in Hart’s favor. No one was allowed to re-vote, Pate’s office said. And even though McCarthy couched his televised statement by saying he didn’t know all the facts, he said it anyway, and Ingraham picked up on it as though it were fact. We rate the  of 300 Iowans allowed to re-vote as .
Statement: Says he banned texting while driving in Austin.
Speaker: mike martinez
About the speaker: Mike Martinez,a former firefighter and 2014 candidate for mayor of Austin, served multiple terms on the Austin City Council; her last term ended in early 2015.
Date: February 10, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: city government;public safety
Context: his campaign website
Fact-check justification: Upshot: Martinez’s  overshoots because, of course, he could not have imposed the ban by himself. The seven-person council acts on proposed ordinances. Still, Martinez was a leading advocate of the ban. We rate his statement .
Statement: There was a very large infrastructure bill that was approved during the Obama administration, a trillion dollars. Nobody ever saw anything being built.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 4, 2017
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;infrastructure;stimulus
Context: a CEO town hall
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "There was a very large infrastructure bill that was approved during the Obama administration, a trillion dollars. Nobody ever saw anything being built." In practice, the stimulus had a mixed record. Beyond that, though, Trump’s characterization is flawed. The single biggest portion of the law actually consisted of tax cuts. As for the infrastructure portion of the law, it did indeed produce results, even if they were somewhat more underwhelming than its backers had initially hoped. We rate the statement .
Statement: We spend about 75 percent of the entire cost of the military aspect of NATO.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: April 14, 2016
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military
Context: Brooklyn, N.Y
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that the United States spends "about 75 percent of the entire cost of the military aspect of NATO." The problem with that statement is that NATO’s military resources defy easy description. There are two ways to quantify them and both are incomplete. The alliance sums up the total defense budgets of its members and counts that as its resources. By that measure, the United States represents about 72 percent of NATO. But that hardly captures America’s role because its defense budget is shaped by factors outside of Europe. On the other hand, NATO has common military expenses on the order of $2 billion a year. The U.S. share of that is about 22 percent. But those dollars exclude the vast spending it takes to sustain American forces, equipment and bases across Europe. And in a final twist, even those expenditures aren’t solely for the benefit of Europe. We rate this  .