chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: My wife is suffering from coronavirus and she is pregnant. The doctor said she won't survive it.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 19, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Elaine Baca, the photographer who owns Lane B , told PolitiFact that it was a birth photo for Lorielle Forte. Baca said she has shared the photo for Black History Month and Black Maternal Health Week "to shed a light on the maternal health crisis in America for African American women and their babies." "Lorielle is not sick with COVID-19," she said, "nor has she been sick with it. She and her family are perfectly healthy. "  We rate these Facebook posts .
Statement: While in the Illinois Senate, Barack Obama passed "tax cuts for hard-working families.
Speaker: michelle obama
About the speaker: Michelle Obama is the wife of Barack Obama and the former First Lady of the United States. She is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School and has worked for the Mayor of Chicago and the University of Chicago. Michelle and Barack Obama have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 25, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Denver
Fact-check justification: But the bill had a sunset clause, and when it came time to renew it in 2003, Obama filed the bill and was its chief sponsor. Another 20 senators signed on to co-sponsor it. Rather than renewing it for another few years, the Obama bill made the state earned income tax credit permanent, and it allowed for a refund if state funds were available. The record shows Obama was a minor co-sponsor in cutting taxes in 2000 and was the leader in the state Senate in 2003 in making the tax credits permanent. It takes more than one person to pass a bill, and although he played a significant role in making the tax credits permanent, the record on Obama's statement supports only a .
Statement: U.S. Rep. Phil Gingrey wants public schools to teach women to "stay in their place.
Speaker: lauren benedict
About the speaker: Lauren Benedict is chairwoman of Georgia's WIN List, a PAC dedicated to train and help Democratic women get elected to political office. Benedict is also a member of the Macon City Council.
Date: June 19, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: families;marriage;women
Context: a Georgia's WIN List press release
Fact-check justification: The group said that the phrase "to stay in their place" was for emphasis and not a direct quote from Gingrey. Video of the congressman’s comments show that he did not use this phrase. Gingrey did make statements about gender roles that some critics found offensive. But Benedict quotes Gingrey as mouthing specific words that he did not utter. We rate her statement .
Statement: I don't think anybody is questioning the legitimacy of the presidential election.
Speaker: kevin mccarthy
About the speaker: Kevin McCarthy, who was first elected in 2006, is a Republican member of Congress representing a district in California. McCarthy was elected as House Speaker in January 2023.
Date: May 12, 2021
Topics: elections
Context: a statement to reporters
Fact-check justification: McCarthy and other Republicans also supported a lawsuit that challenged the validity of Biden’s victory in some states. Some Republican lawmakers who have been questioned about Biden’s legitimate victory state the obvious — that Biden is president — while still suggesting that it happened unlawfully. McCarthy’s  is clearly . We rate it . RELATED : Removal of Liz Cheney from House leadership is only one piece of GOP coalescing around the ‘Big Lie’
Statement: Bluegill fish "are responsible for over 500 deaths in the United States every summer.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 28, 2019
Topics: environment;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We couldn’t find any credible  that bluegill fish prey on people, not to mention kill hundreds of them every year. Rather, news coverage of the fish is positive, and it doesn’t suggest that we should fear the bluegill. On May 25, 2018, USA Today published a piece titled: "Easy to find and fun to catch, bluegill are America’s fish." "They’re delicious when lightly battered and fried," the story says. We rate this Facebook post !
Statement: Fifty percent of Speaker Gingrich's tax plan goes to the top 1 percent.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: December 20, 2011
Location: national
Topics: new hampshire 2012;taxes
Context: a conference call by a campaign spokesman with New Hampshire reporters
Fact-check justification: The Obama campaign said "50 percent of Speaker Gingrich’s tax plan goes to the top 1 percent." The analysis of the nonpartisan Tax Policy Center backs up that  -- as long as current tax policies continue, which is what most analysts expect. As long as they are, the country’s wealthiest 1 percent would indeed receive about half of the savings under Gingrich’s plan. Still, the share would fall to 41.6 percent if the Bush cuts and other current tax policies are allowed to expire. That isn't likely to happen, but Congress will have to act to extend them. So we rate the Obama campaign's  .
Statement: This year, there have been 13,000 deaths by gun violence. The vast majority, 95% of them, are in inner cities, where you have some of the strictest gun control laws in the country.
Speaker: marc short
About the speaker: Marc Short is the White House director of legislative affairs under President Donald Trump.
Date: May 7, 2023
Topics: legal issues;crime;guns
Context: remarks on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Short said, "This year, there have been 13,000 deaths by gun violence. The vast majority, 95% of them, are in inner cities, where you have some of the strictest gun control laws in the country." Looking only at gun homicides, urban centers do account for a disproportionate share of gun deaths. However, CDC data suggests that the percentage is 45%, and even a paper by a gun-friendly researcher cited by Short’s office put it at 73%. The role of large central cities is even smaller once you include suicides, which are included in term "gun violence." Less-dense areas account for a disproportionate share of gun suicides. Meanwhile, strict gun control laws in cities are rendered largely moot by being part of a state that has more permissive gun laws, or is close to states with looser gun laws. We rate the statement .
Statement: A bike a boy chained to a tree in Washington state in 1914 is now a fallen soldier memorial.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 27, 2019
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The scene led Berkeley Breathed, who grew up on Vashon Island, to write a children’s book called, "Red Ranger Came Calling," Atlas Obscura reports . The story follows a boy living on an island who wants a Red Ranger bicycle. The bicycle suspended feet above the ground also spurred the legend that a boy left the bike there before going to war. "While it may be factually flawed, it shows that with its uncertainty, a simple but unusual thing like the Bike in the Tree can inspire fantasy and speculation," reads an essay on HistoryLink.org, a free online encyclopedia of Washington state history. Still, we rate this Facebook post .
Statement: We've brought trade cases against China at nearly twice the rate as the last administration.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 13, 2012
Location: national
Topics: bush administration;china;trade
Context: a speech at Port of Tampa
Fact-check justification: Obama said his administration has "brought trade cases against China at nearly twice the rate as the last administration." Though the statistic takes into account the fact that China didn’t join the WTO until nearly a year into Bush’s term, it fails to acknowledge time for China after it joined to adjust to new WTO regulation. By contrast, Obama's administration could hit the ground running. The math still favors Obama, but not by as much as he claims. Also, there are several external factors that affect an administration's decision to pursue trade cases. Those are important details and context. We rate his statement .
Statement: Pennsylvania just banned alcohol sales.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 24, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Businesses can still sell alcohol, including cocktails, to go. Liquor stores can also sell alcohol during normal business hours.   The day before Thanksgiving is one of the busiest nights of the year for the service industry, the Philadelphia Inquirer reported , and many bar and restaurant owners were upset by this new mandate.   Wolf warned about a heightened risk of infection through close contact as people drink together the night before a holiday.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says Denmark's suicide rate has been about twice as high as the United States' over the past five decades.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 22, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;foreign policy;public health
Context: a shareable graphic on the Web
Fact-check justification: An Internet graphic critical of Denmark claimed that Denmark’s suicide rate has been about twice as high as the United States’ over the past five decades. The numbers are accurate, but in the course of making a broader case against Denmark, the data is cherry-picked to make it seem as if Denmark has a much higher suicide rate than the United States. In reality, the rate today is about 50 percent higher in the United States, and in the United States the rate has been increasing somewhat in recent years. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: Says Queen Elizabeth said Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte "is the kind of leader who knows the way .... Filipinos are very lucky to have him.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 6, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .)   Queen Elizabeth did deliver a rare speech on April 5 (not April 6, like the Facebook post says), thanking United Kingdom residents for staying inside and vowing that they would succeed in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic.    She didn’t mention Duterte or the Philippines. Searching for the quote online, we didn’t find any credible sources showing that she said it elsewhere, either.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: We have SAT scores lower than that of Alabama.
Speaker: john oxendine
About the speaker: Georgia Insurance Commissioner John Oxendine is running for governor in 2010.
Date: June 3, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: education;message machine 2010
Context: a video on his Web site.
Fact-check justification: But we think people who hear his  will wonder whether Georgia indeed has lower SAT scores than its neighbor. He's technically correct, but his  ignores some important caveats. With so few students in Alabama taking the test, the results can be skewed and paint a  picture. Indeed, the ACT shows Georgia ahead of Alabama. So we find his  .
Statement: More whites than blacks are victims of deadly police shootings.
Speaker: michael medved
About the speaker: Michael Medved is a conservative radio talk show host.
Date: August 19, 2014
Topics: civil rights;criminal justice;crime;punditfact
Context: a Web post from the "Michael Medved Show"
Fact-check justification: Medved said that police kill more whites than blacks. In absolute terms, that is accurate. However, the statement ignores that there are more than five times more whites than blacks in America. When comparing death rates, blacks are about three times more likely than whites to die in a confrontation with police. Medved’s statement leaves out significant information that would change someone’s understanding of the topic. We rate his  . Update: The number of deaths due to legal intervention were changed after we initially published this report to include only firearms deaths, which lowered the overall totals. The rating remains the same. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/496cb988-8485-4be0-9ea5-d480ed262d1e
Statement: Experts say the property tax "is the most harmful to economic growth and . . . the sales tax is least harmful.
Speaker: lincoln chafee
About the speaker: Lincoln Chafee is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He served one four-year term as Rhode Island's governor, beginning on Jan. 4, 2011. He was the first Independent to be elected to that office. He subsequently became a Democrat. As a Republican, he served as mayor of Warwick from 1992 to 1999, when he was appointed to the U.S. Senate following the death of his father, Sen. John H. Chafee. He was elected to a full Senate term in 2000. He is married with three children. In April 2015 he formed an exploratory committee to consider running for President.
Date: November 3, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;taxes
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: In the end, there is no consensus from the experts. An international report disagrees with Chafee, one expert says such ranking is too simplistic and another gave qualified support. And even when the Chafee team found someone to support the assertion that property taxes are the most harmful to economic growth, it was with the caveat that the strategy is specific to Rhode Island's current circumstances. But that's a distinction the governor-elect didn't make. As a result, we rate Chafee's statement as .
Statement: Says Virginia saved $300 million by rebidding a Metrorail construction project to exclude guaranteed union contracts.
Speaker: ken cuccinelli
About the speaker: Ken Cuccinelli became acting director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services on June 10, 2019. Cuccinelli, a Republican, was Virginia's attorney general from 2010 to 2014. In 2013, he lost the general election for governor to Democrat Terry McAuliffe. In 2016, he was a adisver to the presidential campaign of Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas.
Born in 1968, Cuccinelli has a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Virginia, a J.D. from Geroge Mason University School of Law and an M.A. in International Commerce and Policy from George Mason University.
He represented Fairfax County in the state senate from 2002 to 2010.
 
 
 
 
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Date: July 29, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: transportation;unions
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Cuccinelli says Virginia saved $300 million by rebidding a Dulles Metrorail contract without a union-friendly agreement. But the project was not re-bid -- the "savings" was a reflection of preliminary construction estimates compared to the winning bid made by a contractor. The state’s transportation secretary believes that eliminating a requirement for union contracts expanded bidding competition and led to savings, but says there’s no way of knowing how much. The basis of Cuccinelli’s statement has merit; Virginia did force the repeal of the union requirement and project bids came in lower than expected. But he twists facts to suggest there was a tangible $300 million savings in killing the union agreement. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama said that if he doesn't turn the economy around after three years in office, he'll be a one-term president.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: June 27, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: several speeches and interviews
Fact-check justification: Taking it out does eliminate one indication that Obama acknowledged that even an improved economy would inflict some pain on Americans. This isn’t a trivial omission, but it’s not a major one. More important, we're not convinced that the president said he actually would be a one-term president if the economy has not improved in three years -- just that he raised the possibility that voters would make that call. Each of the phrasings we cited above is slightly different, but we think that she is justified in pointing out that Obama offered a three-year framework for turning the economy around and that he acknowledged that Americans might not support a second term if he didn’t deliver. So we rate her statement .
Statement: Donna Brazile knows Seth Rich was murdered by the Clintons
Speaker: us political
About the speaker: US Political is a website.
Date: November 8, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Brazile dismissed the WikiLeaks conspiracy theory: "Some Trump supporters were promoting the baseless conspiracy theory that Seth had been murdered by the DNC because he was the one who had leaked our emails to WikiLeaks." We attempted to contact Brazile through her website but did not get a reply. The headline on the US Political website states "Donna Brazile knows Seth Rich was murdered by the Clintons." The article refers to Brazile’s book in which she speculates on the motivations behind the DNC staffer’s murder, but she doesn’t point the finger at the Clintons. We rate this headline .
Statement: A proposed U.S. Labor Department rule for children working on farms "would even ban youth from operating a battery-powered screwdriver or a pressurized garden hose.
Speaker: tom rooney
About the speaker: Republican U.S. Rep. Tom Rooney represents Florida's 16th District, which includes multiple counties and touches the east and west coasts of Florida.
Date: March 27, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: agriculture;children;corrections and updates;families;labor
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Rooney said that a proposed U.S. Labor Department rule for children working on farms "would even ban youth from operating a battery-powered screwdriver or a pressurized garden hose." He points to language so broad that even the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health raised concerns about it. But ultimately, it is up to the Labor Department to enforce the rule once it is final. Solis testified that the department has no intention of banning children from using screwdrivers, and her department says the same applies to garden hoses. The rule is a proposal at this point -- Solis has indicated that the power equipment section may need clarification. The proposed rule would limit the work children can do on farms, but Rooney and other critics omit that it won’t apply to children working on their own parents’ farms. Instead, they cite eye-popping examples of activities -- like using screwdrivers or garden hoses -- that they interpreted for themselves from the rules. Meanwhile, the department said specifically that’s not what they intend. The intention is to protect children from real-life cases of injury and death. We rate this  .
Statement: Donald Trump and Joe Biden both died years ago.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 13, 2023
Topics: after the fact
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Biden, who was recently in Europe for the NATO summit, is a healthy 80-year-old, according to the latest annual physical report from the White House physician.   Meanwhile, Trump, 77, whom White House doctors also deemed healthy during his presidency, has been active on the campaign trail.   Either man’s death would draw wall-to-wall news coverage, dramatically reshape the 2024 presidential race and prompt a televised state funeral.   But both of them are alive.   We rate this post !