chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: I'm the product of a mixed marriage that would have been illegal in 12 states when I was born.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 10, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an interview with theadvocate.com
Fact-check justification: The island state is one of only nine that never declared these marriages illegal. At one time or another, laws against miscegenation were active in close to 40 states. In 1967, when the U.S. Supreme Court declared the bans unconstitutional in the landmark Loving vs. Virginia ruling, 16 states were still enforcing them, said Peter Wallenstein, a Virginia Tech history professor and pre-eminent scholar on the subject. Wallenstein said that although his number is off, Obama's point is still striking a chord with younger supporters who "can't imagine there was ever a time" when mixed marriages were illegal. We can't give Obama a straight-up  because his number is way off, but his larger point, that many states prohibited interracial marriage in the early 1960s, is correct.
Statement: Quotes George Washington as saying "when any nation mistrusts its citizens with guns … It no longer trusts its citizens because such a government has evil plans.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 17, 2019
Topics: fake news;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  What follows is a line across the screen and a series of quotations that appear to be attributed to Washington. But at least some of those quotations are also included on Mount Vernon’s spurious quotations page .    Barry Popik, an etymologist and consulting editor for the Oxford English Dictionary, also researched the quote in 2014. B ased on information from the Wayback Machine tool of the Internet Archive, he surmised that the quote was written around 2002.   We rate this bad quote !
Statement: Says Vladimir Putin once said, "The breakup of the Soviet Union was the greatest geopolitical tragedy of the 20th century.
Speaker: john bolton
About the speaker: John Bolton served as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations under President George W. Bush.
Date: March 3, 2014
Topics: history;foreign policy;punditfact
Context: comments on Fox News Channel
Fact-check justification: Bolton told a Fox News host that Putin once said, "The breakup of the Soviet Union was the greatest geopolitical tragedy of the 20th century." Putin did say those words, or at least words close to that, in a 2005 address to Russian political leaders. Bolton went on to tell a Fox News host those words are  Putin wants to expand Russia’s influence to where it was in the Soviet days. The record there is not as clear. We found some experts who agree with Bolton’s interpretation, while others who say Bolton is extracting a quote that does not quite mean what he says it does. Bolton’s statement is accurate but needs clarification. We rate it .
Statement: Says "the city of Austin is a disaster if you haven't been there. A great city, now one of the most dangerous cities in America and definitely in Texas.
Speaker: dan patrick
About the speaker: As a Houston state senator, Dan Patrick won election as lieutenant governor of Texas in November 2014 after earlier defeating incumbent David Dewhurst for his party's nomination. Patrick also has hosted a daily talk show on AM700 in Houston.
Date: October 28, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: crime
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: This year, as of September, the rate was at about 3.5 murders per 100,000 residents. In describing Austin as a "disaster," Patrick said that the city is "now one of the most dangerous cities in America and definitely in Texas." Among the 30 largest cities in the U.S., Austin's violent crime rate ranks 28th. And among the 25 largest cities in Texas, Austin ranks 13th. We rate this  .
Statement: MSNBC's Mika Brzezinski said, "Elon Musk is trying to control how people think. That's our job.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 16, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that MSNBC "Morning Joe" co-host Brzezinski said that Musk wants to "control what people think," but that’s the media’s "job." The post misrepresents a 2017 video in which Brzezinski and the show’s panel were discussing the media’s role in covering Trump. We rate this  . Staff researcher Caryn Baird contributed.
Statement: Over 32,000 people die from #GunViolence every year. Yet, (The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) is banned from researching ways to prevent this.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: January 24, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Our rating Baldwin said "over 32,000 people die from #GunViolence every year. Yet, @CDCgov is banned from researching ways to prevent this." The most comprehensive data available supports the first part of the , that more than 32,000 people die from gun violence every year. On the research ban, while the language from the Dickey Amendment does not explicitly ban the agency from conducting research, its interpretation effectively banned the practice. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, we rate Baldwin’s  .
Statement: Say Portland Public Schools' central administration makes up less than 4 percent of the staff.
Speaker: portland public schools
About the speaker: Portland Public Schools is Oregon's largest school district.
Date: June 11, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: education
Context: a guest column
Fact-check justification: What we can say, however, is that central support -- as the state defines it -- accounts for 4 percent of the budgeted positions at Portland Public Schools. We can also say that central support will see a 10 percent reduction in its current FTE positions next year. Technically, then, the board members are right on all counts. However, there’s some important context in the fact that central support is a bureaucratic term that doesn’t necessarily reflect the full scope of administrative employees working for Portland Public Schools. We rate this   -- it’s accurate, but it requires some clarification.
Statement: Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama want to raise capital gains taxes, which apply to home sales.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: March 13, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: Clinton, meanwhile, would consider raising it to 20 percent, not the 24 percent stated in the e-mail. It's also important to note that because the tax code allows for significant capital gains on a homestead before capital gains taxes are levied, most homeowners are exempt. In the end, the e-mail's statements on the capital gains tax are more  than right; we rate it . Update: This statement has been updated to reflect comments the Democratic candidates made about the capital gains tax at a debate in Philadelphia on April 16, 2008.
Statement: Says in the 2012 State of the Union address, President Obama "didn't even mention the deficit or debt.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: March 2, 2012
Location: national
Topics: deficit
Context: Cleveland, Ohio
Fact-check justification: Romney said that Obama "didn't even mention the deficit or the debt" in his State of the Union address. We never heard back from Romney’s campaign about that , and we’re at a loss to understand how he could make it. At least six different times in his 2012 State of the Union address, Obama mentioned the debt or deficit by name. And if Romney meant that Obama made no mention of how to address the government’s debt problems, well, yes he did. He proposed paying down the debt using money no longer being spent in Iraq and advocated for letting a top-bracket tax cut expire so as not to add to the deficit. For a ruling we turn to our -O-Meter definitions: This statement "is not accurate and makes a  ." Six mentions in a speech in which Romney said there were none? That’s .
Statement: When it comes to the state deficit, Wisconsin is "proportionally in as much trouble as the State of California.
Speaker: alberta darling
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Sen. Alberta Darling, R-River Hills, served in the state Assembly from 1990 to 1992 and has served in the state Senate since 1992. She survived a recall election in August 2011 by defeating state Rep. Sandy Pasch (D-Whitefish Bay).
Date: December 5, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: In the TV interview, she said Wisconsin is "proportionally in as much trouble" as California and pointed to figures from a year-old article as support. Those figures showed that Wisconsin’s budget deficit per person was higher than California’s; updated numbers for  2008-2009 also put Wisconsin’s per-person deficit higher than California’s. But under a more common measure that many consider a stronger approach -- budget shortfall as a percentage of a state’s budget -- various groups found Wisconsin in better shape than California in 2008-2009 and in 2009-2010; in slightly worse shape in 2010-2011; but much better off than California for 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. Darling’s statement was on target to a point, but left out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Gas costs $7.89 at a station in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 20, 2021
Topics: gas prices;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Diesel was a little more expensive: as much as $3.19.   But we saw nothing close to the prices that appear in the image.   The image is being used to  that Biden has caused gas prices to surge to nearly $8 a gallon in New Mexico. That hasn’t happened.    We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Video shows "Pelosi CRIES LIKE KID after McCarthy kicked her out as speaker.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 16, 2023
Location: national
Topics: congress;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: They will be debated before they come to the floor and people will actually have a say. Why? Because you, the American public, have lent your voice to every single member, and you have a right for your voice to be heard and that’s exactly what we’re going to do," he said.   Although Pelosi lost her role as speaker, she won reelection to Congress.   As for the Facebook video itself, the  that it shows Pelosi crying like a kid is !
Statement: The region I represent, both currently and in the future, has more automotive plants than the entire state of California.
Speaker: marcy kaptur
About the speaker: Marcy Kaptur represents Ohio's Ninth Congressional District in the House of Representatives. She was first elected to the House in 1982. She is the senior-most woman in the 111th Congress.
 
Date: May 17, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: economy
Context: an interview with C-SPAN
Fact-check justification: Tesla Motors wants to  reopen that factory to manufacture its all-electric Model S sedan, but hasn’t yet done so. The district that Kaptur currently represents has four auto plants, according to her spokesman, Steve Fought: Chrysler’s Toledo Supplier Park and Toledo North plants,  GM’s Toledo Transmission plant, and KBI’s bearing plant  in Sandusky. The new Ninth District will have three more: Ford’s Brook Park Engine Plant ,  Ford’s Avon Lake plant , and GM’s Parma Metal Center . The number of auto plants in Kaptur’s current and new congressional districts both exceed the number of auto plants in California - zero. On the -O-Meter, Kaptur’s  rates .
Statement: We're spending $1.6 billion for all of Latin America in terms of aid and assistance, a
fraction of what we're spending in Iraq, the $500 billion we've spent there
Speaker: chris dodd
About the speaker: Chris Dodd is a former U.S. senator from Connecticut, having served in that post from 1981-2011. Dodd also ran unsuccessfully for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination and was a member of the U.S. House prior to his service in the Senate. He was born in Connecticut in 1944, graduated from Providence College and earned a law degree from the University of Louisville. Dodd is married to Jackie Marie Clegg. They have two children.
Date: September 9, 2007
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: Miami, Fla
Fact-check justification: The amount he refers to is what has been requested by the administration for the upcoming fiscal year, subject to adjustments by Congress. The  that the United States has spent $500 billion in Iraq is not entirely accurate, but it, too, is pretty darn close. Estimates vary on the precise amount spent since the 2003 invasion, but two of the most credible sources, the Congressional Research Service and the Congressional Budget Office, give the total as approximately $450 billion and $413 billion, respectively. Thus, Dodd's assertion that U.S. spending in Iraq has already passed the half trillion dollar mark is slightly exaggerated, but that's a quibble. His overall point that spending on aid to Latin America is only a small fraction of Iraq spending is very much on target.
Statement: There's only one reporter on site" at the Ghislaine Maxwell trial.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 6, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The New York Times , the New York Post , the Independent and the Associated Press have been providing live updates from the trial. A spokesperson with the district court where Maxwell’s trial is underway told us in a statement that the trial is open to anyone who would like to attend, and that during opening statements more than 140 people were in attendance.   "We have not yet turned anyone away from observing the trial," the court said in a statement. "That includes both media and the general public. "  We rate this post .
Statement: It would take $135 billion to eradicate global poverty.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 24, 2017
Topics: global news service;poverty
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: What the F*** Facts said that in 2012, $135 billion would eradicate global poverty. In 2012, there were about 880 million people living on less than $1.90 each day. Using World Bank numbers, the one-year price tag back then would have been closer to $187 billion. While the data are far from perfect, the tweet’s figure falls short by about 25 percent, which is a significant gap. But the bigger problem is the idea that a cash transfer alone would eradicate poverty. The experts we reached emphasized that good governments and other institutions were essential to eliminating poverty in the long-run. While money would help, it couldn’t deliver the desired results on its own. The statement has some superficial accuracy, but it suggests a simple fix to a much more complicated problem. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/78722821-2985-4d39-9fb5-b31d18702078
Statement: America's federal business tax rate is the highest "in the world.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: December 13, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: corporations;foreign policy;taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our rating Trump said America’s federal business tax rate is the highest "in the world." The top corporate tax in the United States is 35 percent, highest among the world’s industrialized nations. But five smaller nations have the same rate and two smaller ones, United Arab Emirates and Puerto Rico, have rates above 35 percent. Also, the 35 percent U.S. rate is only the starting point, given that corporations can use exemptions and deductions to effectively reduce that rate and pay lower taxes. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification, our rating is .
Statement: Half of the votes for Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election "are from dead people.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 16, 2022
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: When a ballot is cast on behalf of a dead person, election officials say it’s usually a family member doing so. But this doesn’t happen enough to change the outcome of an election.   Since the 2020 presidential election,  has only grown that it was secure . The Associated Press in December 2021 found fewer than 475 potential voter fraud cases in six battleground states. We rate claims that half of Biden’s voters were dead .
Statement: Says Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell has "blocked the Senate over 400 times.
Speaker: alison lundergan grimes
About the speaker: Alison Lundergan Grimes is a Democrat challenging Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., for his Senate seat in 2014. She currently serves as Kentucky's secretary of state.
Date: October 28, 2013
Location: national
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: In her ad, Grimes said that McConnell has "blocked the Senate over 400 times." If you look at cases of permanent blockage -- which you can do by counting failed cloture votes -- then Grimes’ number significantly  the scale of McConnell’s obstructionism. But her 400 figure sounds much more reasonable if one uses a broader definition of "block" that counts delays, many of which have gone on for months and even years. In fact, there are enough ways for a minority to gum up the works that aren’t counted in the statistics that the actual number of blockages -- if it could be divined -- could well push the number higher than 400. And that’s a key problem for Grimes -- the number can’t be divined, meaning that Grimes’ figure, even if it is actually a low estimate, communicates a  sense of statistical specificity. It’s also debatable how much McConnell deserves blame for the Senate’s current gridlock, though most experts say he at least deserves some. On balance, we rate Grimes’  .
Statement: The Democrat(ic) position on abortion is now so extreme that they don't mind executing babies AFTER birth.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 25, 2019
Location: national
Topics: abortion
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "The Democrat(ic) position on abortion is now so extreme that they don’t mind executing babies AFTER birth." There’s little question that the vote on the Senate bill was uncomfortable for Democrats: They effectively voted against a bill whose principles they said they support, arguing that the bill would be redundant because those principles are already enshrined in law. However, Trump overreached when he described Democrats as tolerating "executing" newborns. No one supports actively killing newborns, much less "executing" them; the contested terrain concerns what efforts should be made to extend the lives of babies who are not expected to survive long with severe disabilities. We rate the statement .
Statement: Go to antifa.com and it takes you to Biden's White House! … Just a slap in the face.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 20, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "And that doesn’t require permission or any or coordination from the person you are trying to redirect to." Neuman found that the antifa.com domain was first registered in 2000, and according to Whois , an online domain registry, it was last updated on Jan. 21, 2021. The registrant is listed as WhoisGuard Protected, meaning the domain owner is using a service to remain anonymous. The post is partially accurate — the domain does redirect to the White House’s website — but in implying that Biden’s White House is involved, it leaves out important details or takes things out of context.   We rate it .
Statement: Says H.R. 1 gives immigrants illegally in the country "the right to vote.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: March 25, 2021
Topics: voter id laws;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post says that H.R. 1 would give immigrants illegally in the country the right to vote. The bill doesn’t do that. H.R. 1 keeps in place federal and state criminal laws that prohibit noncitizens from voting or registering to vote. This  is .