chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Already, a prototype driverless car has traveled more than 300,000 miles in the crowded maze of California streets without a single accident.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: March 15, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: consumer safety;public safety;technology;transportation
Context: a speech at CPAC
Fact-check justification: During his CPAC speech, Bush talked about technological innovations underway and that will occur over the next 100 years.   "Already, a prototype driverless car has traveled more than 300,000 miles in the crowded maze of California streets without a single accident," Bush said. We don’t fault Bush for citing the 300,000 figure rather than the recent 500,000 figure, because that higher number only received publicity after the CPAC speech. But technically, Bush was  to say that the prototype car has driven in California "without a single accident." We found two accidents, but they both had mitigating factors. One car was rear ended, which suggests another driver was at fault. In another accident, a human was operating the car, at least according to Google. Still, we couldn’t find one incident where a driverless car operating under its own technology clearly caused an accident. We rate this  .
Statement: Says 25 percent of Austin's public school buildings are "underutilized.
Speaker: janet mitchell
About the speaker: Janet Mitchell, president & CEO of The Mitchell Group Consulting, an Austin-based sales and marketing agency, has been co-chair of a task force appointed by the Austin Independent School District to study district facilities.
Date: January 20, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: According to the comptroller, he said, "Some of these schools... excel academically and they do it at a cost-effective price." Our take: Mitchell’s statement accurately echoes the consultant-endorsed characterization of under-enrolled schools as being below their "target" utilization. However, "underutilized" is potentially  when applied to schools that may in fact be fully used, and could be targeted for closure as a result of that label. This is critical, missing context. We rate the statement .
Statement: Photos from Sept. 11, 2001, show that "Donald Trump joined America's heroes and carried victims over his shoulders down the steps of the burning World Trade Center. Obama spent the whole day sitting in the Oval Office with his feet on the desk watching basketball.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 4, 2019
Topics: sports;terrorism;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: As we’ve noted in a previous fact-check , that interview marked the first of several times when he would say, without , that he had sent a lot of men to help in the area.   Richard Alles, a New York Department battalion chief on Sept. 11, told us that he had no knowledge of Trump being at the site or sending workers there to help.   "I was in a supervisory role with the fire department at the time," said Alles, who said he was on the scene about 20 minutes after the second building collapsed. "I was there for several months — I have no knowledge of his being down there. "  We rate this Facebook post !
Statement: Says Marshall Tuck "is backed by Donald Trump's education advisor" pictured as Betsy DeVos.
Speaker: tony thurmond
About the speaker: Tony Thurmond is a Democrat and California state assemblyman representing Richmond, Berkeley and other East Bay communities. He is a 2018 candidate for State Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
Date: October 11, 2018
Location: california
Topics: education;elections
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: State Asm. Tony Thurmond, a candidate for California schools chief, left the strong impression in a recent ad that his opponent, Marshall Tuck, "is backed" by U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos. The ad zooms in on a photo of DeVos as it says Tuck "is backed by Donald Trump’s education advisor." But Tuck has criticized DeVos and the Thurmond campaign offered no  she supports Tuck. They did say that Bill Evers, who advised Trump on education during his transition, supports Tuck. But he’s not mentioned by name or shown in the ad, and Tuck doesn’t list him as a supporter on his website. In the end, we agreed the ad is . It gives the impression DeVos supports Tuck. But there’s zero  to back that up. We rate the  .    –  The statement is not accurate. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. Related fact checks: : Attack ad’s  Tony Thurmond was ‘reprimanded’ by Obama : Attack ad’s  Tony Thurmond was ‘sued by the ACLU’
Statement: Mayor Giuliani's lawsuit killed the line-item veto.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 6, 2007
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Fact-check justification: The Constitution, they said, did not allow him to veto parts of a bill. The Supreme Court agreed and in June 1998, ruled that the line item veto was unconstitutional.
 Giuliani argues that he favors the line item veto and believes the Constitution should be amended to allow it, but he said the power cannot be created by passing a simple law. Romney is correct that Giuliani is guilty of having filed the lawsuit that killed the line item veto. But Romney neglects to say that Giuliani had several accomplices along with him.
Statement: Says in January 1992, George H. W. Bush "probably had a 90 percent or even higher approval rating after the first Gulf War.
Speaker: john wisniewski
About the speaker: John Wisniewski is a Democratic state Assemblyman representing a part of Middlesex County. Wisniewski also is chairman of the state Democratic Party.
Date: November 27, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: an interview on NJToday
Fact-check justification: Comparing Christie with the 41st president, Wisniewski claimed in a TV interview that in January 1992, Bush "probably had a 90 percent or even higher approval rating after the first Gulf War." The assemblyman is correct that Bush once had near-unanimous support, but he's  about the timing. The president's approval rating was around 90 percent in March 1991, but by January 1992, it had fallen below 50 percent. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Coolmath Games is being taken down cause it was run by the Mexican drug cartel?
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 15, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post claims Coolmath Games is "being taken down" because it was run by "the Mexican drug cartel." Coolmath Games has denied rumors that the website was shutting down, and there is also no  that the gaming website has connections to or is being run by "the Mexican drug cartel." We rate this post .
Statement: Says he "sued Obama's EPA seven times.
Speaker: barry smitherman
About the speaker: According to his Railroad Commission biographical information, Barry Smitherman was appointed to the state Public Utility Commission in 2004 and became chairman in 2007, then was appointed to the Railroad Commission in 2011 and became its chairman in 2012. Barry Smitherman lost his bid for attorney general of Texas in spring 2014.
Date: August 5, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: environment;energy
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: Smitherman said he "sued Obama’s EPA seven times." In the seven EPA lawsuits -- all during the Obama administration -- that his spokesman identified, either Smitherman or the commission he served on at the time is named as a plaintiff. We rate his statement as .   -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Video shows cattle killed by COVID-19 vaccines.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 4, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "  Agence France-Presse reported that drought caused the acute prussic acid poisoning on a farm in Sommariva del Bosco, near Turin in northwest Italy.   Looking on the Texas Department of Agriculture’s website for a statement like the one described in the video, we found only one, from April 3, when Miller said his agency was "working towards developing a fact and science-based assessment of the risks associated" with mRNA vaccines for livestock.   Johnny G Texas, meanwhile, is a self-described "conservative skit creator, comedian and actor." His Facebook page describes his content as "news mixed with parody. "  We rate claims that this video shows cattle killed by COVID-19 vaccines .
Statement: Recent record-low water levels in Lake Michigan are evidence that global warming is leading to "the evaporation of our Great Lakes.
Speaker: richard durbin
About the speaker: Dick Durbin in the senior U.S. senator from Illinois and the Democratic majority whip.
Date: June 25, 2013
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;water
Context: a Senate floor speech
Fact-check justification: Durbin pointed to recent record-low water levels in Lake Michigan as  that global warming is leading to "the evaporation of our Great Lakes." Most scientists agree that recent patterns of precipitation, evaporation and ice cover suggest that climate change is affecting water levels in the Great Lakes. But over the long term, dredging and erosion have lowered water levels, and the sudden decline in the late 1990s, followed by a relatively stable decade and a half, doesn’t mesh with the presumed slow buildup of greenhouse gases. In addition, scientific models offer a wide range of possible impacts on water levels due to climate change, from decreases to increases. Because Durbin’s statement is oversimplified and ignores complicating factors, we rate it .
Statement: State employees will have to pay 100 percent of their pensions and health insurance after 2012.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: March 7, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;labor;state budget
Context: a chain email apparently focused on Wisconsin corrections workers
Fact-check justification: A chain e-mail makes various claims about how state employees will suffer under Walker’s two budget bills. Those claims go way beyond the governor’s actual plan to get state employees to share more of the cost of pension and health insurance. We could find no  to back the e-mail’s  that employees will pay 100 percent of their benefits as of 2013. State officials flatly deny it as well. That rate the  .
Statement: When Jeb (Bush) was governor, his first four years as governor, his Medicaid program grew twice as fast as mine.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: February 13, 2016
Location: national
Topics: health care;state budget
Context: Charleston, S.C
Fact-check justification: Kasich said that Florida’s Medicaid spending in the first four years of the Bush administration went up twice as quickly as they did during Kasich’s first four years in Ohio. The spending numbers bear that out. However, comparisons across very different states at very different times should be used with caution. Large national trends in health care inflation and the economy played a significant role in Medicaid spending in both states. Bush in Florida faced higher health care inflation and an economic slump. Ohio saw an easing of health care spending and an improving labor market. Still, budget and policy decisions by the two governors had an impact on Medicaid spending. The statement is accurate but it needs additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Since 2000, only 10 cases of in-person voter fraud have been proven nationally.
Speaker: naacp
About the speaker: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Date: September 12, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: press release
Fact-check justification: Supporters of the voter ID laws, including the RNLA, still defend them. But the RNLA’s own research alleging that more cases of fraud exist than the News21  includes several other types of election fraud, not just voter impersonation. The NAACP’s , and in turn News21’s, appears  accurate, with an extensive database supporting it. There are a few missing pieces, however, in the data. We rate the  .
Statement: Newt Gingrich "was fined $300,000 for ethics violations.
Speaker: restore our future
About the speaker: Restore Our Future is a super PAC run by supporters of Mitt Romney.
Date: December 14, 2011
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;corrections and updates;ethics;message machine 2012
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The Super PAC Restore Our Future made a linguistic overstep when it labeled the $300,000 payment a "fine," since the ethics committee never used that precise term. But the underlying point of the pro-Romney Super PAC ad remains valid. Although the payment was not technically a "fine," it was a penalty. The committee reprimanded Gingrich and assessed him a sum of $300,000. The chair of the committee said on national television that despite the panel’s word choice, she personally considered it to be a fine. It is common in many legal settings for court costs to be included in fines. And an array of legal experts told us that the avoidance of the word "fine" in describing the payment does not suggest vindication for Gingrich; rather, they said, the payment was clearly intended to be punitive. On balance we rate this statement .
Statement: In the last four years, our economy has grown on average 0.9 percent a year.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: November 8, 2013
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: an interview on NBC's "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno"
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that "in the last four years, our economy has grown on average 0.9 percent a year." Cruz has a point that economic growth has been below historical standards in recent years, but his estimates are low compared to both the calculations we did -- slightly low in one case, significantly lower in the other. We rate his  .
Statement: @Jorge_Elorza still think your plan is safe? Rescue Captain Kenyon just worked 96 hours straight. 96 hours.
Speaker: paul doughty
About the speaker: Paul Doughty is president of Local 799 of the International Association of Firefighters, which represents workers in the Providence Fire Department.
Date: November 10, 2015
Location: rhode island
Topics: public safety;unions
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: No one disputes that Kenyon was on duty for 96 straight hours, Kenyon had some opportunity for sleep and it’s likely he did.  But he doesn’t remember when that was, or for how long. He only recalls sleeping during the last 7 of the 96 hours The question that Doughty Tweeted: "@Jorge_Elorza still think your plan is safe?" was fair to ask, even if the public was not at risk as both Pare and the captain assert. (Further, Pare disputes Doughty’s charge that the plan is a "disaster!!!") But without clarification, Doughty’s suggestion that Kenyon "worked 96 hours straight" could leave the impression that Kenyon never slept. He did sleep. To be more accurate, Doughty could have said that Kenyon had been "on duty" for 96 hours. The job, by its nature,  involves a mixture of sleep and work. For this reason, we rate Doughty’s   .
Statement: Last year, "Exxon pocketed nearly $4.7 million every hour.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: March 29, 2012
Location: national
Topics: corporations;energy
Context: the Rose Garden
Fact-check justification: We have dinged politicians for inaccurately characterizing the company’s taxes.) The company has a point that Obama’s statistic doesn't detail the oil company's expenses. But in this fact-check, we’re focusing just on the  that, "Exxon pocketed nearly $4.7 million every hour." As a simple snapshot of Exxon’s 2011 profit, his arithmetic is right on target. We rate the statement .
Statement: In Richmond, Va., there's "more moving vans coming in than going out.
Speaker: jack berry
About the speaker: Jack Berry is one of about a dozen candidates running for Richmond mayor in 2016. He recently resigned as executive director of Venture Richmond, an organization that promotes Richmond through economic development, marketing, festivals and events.
Berry worked as budget analyst and assistant city manager in Richmond and was county administrator in Hanover County. He joined Venture Richmond in 2006. 
Date: September 15, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: census;city government;population
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Berry said that in Richmond, there’s "more moving vans coming in than going out." Figures from the Census Bureau and the Weldon Cooper Center back Berry’s  that Richmond has been seeing more people moving into the city than leaving. Figures from the IRS come to a different conclusion, but there’s a question over whether they are reliable when tracking Richmond’s moving patterns. We rate his  .
Statement: Says Dr. Anthony Fauci's wife is the NIH official "who rubber stamps exceptions to normal drug and vaccine testing.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 20, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "There was a question of using Tamiflu — which was a medication for flu which had dosing approved by the FDA — for very little babies. People were worried that H1N1 could affect them, but Tamiflu hadn’t been well studied for infants," he said. "So we brought together the best minds at the FDA to come up with a recommended dosing for young infants. We did an emergency use authorization to provide this official recommendation to clinicians. "  We rate this Instagram post .
Statement: Says Bruce Starr broke the law by letting lobbyists wine and dine him in Maui.
Speaker: chuck riley
About the speaker: Chuck Riley is the state representative for Oregon House District 29.
Date: October 20, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: ethics;message machine 2010
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: "He broke the law for taking a lobbyist-paid trip; you can say more, but that's the basic fact," she said. We have to disagree. Starr broke no laws or ethics rules by taking the trip at a lobbyist’s expense, which is what the Democrats’ ad claims. What Starr did  was fail to report the trip. The statement is Fals e. Comment on this item.
Statement: In Florida, illegal immigration costs taxpayers nearly $4 billion (a year). This amounts to $700 for every household in Florida.
Speaker: vern buchanan
About the speaker: Vern Buchanan has represented Florida's 13th Congressional District since 2007.
Date: December 2, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: a web video
Fact-check justification: It relies on estimate after estimate, and was conducted by a group that is hardly objective when it comes to analyzing the effects of illegal immigration. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office warned specifically against trying to put dollar figures on the costs associated with illegal immigrants because of the large number of unknown variables. We'd consider offering more leeway if Buchanan sourced his statement back to FAIR, so at least people could know the source and question it independently. But Buchanan makes his pronouncement sound like it's fact, when it's far from it. We rate this  .