chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: 90 percent of Americans "support universal background checks" for gun purchases.
Speaker: chris abele
About the speaker: Chris Abele is Milwaukee County Executive, a position he won in an April 2011 special election to finish out the final year of the term of Scott Walker, who was elected governor in November 2010. The election was the first attempt at political office for Abele, a Milwaukee philanthropist and business owner.
The office is nonpartisan, but Abele has indicated he is a Democrat.
Date: October 2, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: government regulation;polls and public opinion;guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: "Universal" is the term for background checks to be done on every gun sale. We found support for that policy at 94 percent in the latest national poll. Support ranged between 84 percent and 89 percent in the four other most recent polls. Experts say support at or near 90 percent has been consistent for years. For a statement that is accurate and has nothing significant missing, our rating is .
Statement: Last year was one of the deadliest years ever for law enforcement officers.
Speaker: thom tillis
About the speaker: Thom Tillis is a Republican who serves as U.S. Senator from North Carolina.
Date: May 19, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: after the fact;congress;criminal justice;history;crime;public safety
Context: a press release supporting the Back The Blue Act of 2017
Fact-check justification: Sen. Thom Tillis, a North Carolina Republican, said a new pro-police law is needed because 2016 "was one of the deadliest years ever for law enforcement officers." That’s . In fact, 2016 saw a below-average number and rate of officer deaths compared to the last half-century. The 66 officers killed in 2016 pales in comparison to the 1970s and 1980s, and wasn’t much different from the typical year in the 1990s, either. We rate this  .
Statement: Bernie Sanders's plan is "to raise your taxes to 90 percent.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: October 28, 2015
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Boulder, Colo
Fact-check justification: Christie said that Sanders’s plan is "to raise your taxes to 90 percent." Sanders hasn’t released an official tax plan, either for billionaires or for anyone else. But based on his previous comments and proposals, the tax policies Sanders is advocating are targeted at corporations and affluent Americans. Sanders has dismissed the notion that he wants to set marginal tax rates for billionaires at 90 percent. And on the whole, his tax proposals so far do not envision raising "your taxes" -- that is, those of ordinary Americans -- to anything approaching 90 percent. This is a grossly  characterization of the extent and scope of Sanders' plan, so we rate Christie’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/94917f97-e53e-4d00-8f83-c9f2de668891
Statement: Voter ID is supported by an overwhelming majority of NYers, from all across the state, walks of life, & political parties.
Speaker: lee zeldin
About the speaker: Lee Zeldin is a Republican representing New York's 1st Congressional District.
Date: December 8, 2021
Location: new york
Topics: voter id laws
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: Zeldin claimed voter identification requirements are supported by an overwhelming majority of New Yorkers, from across the state, walks of life, and political parties. Zeldin backs the  with a private poll of 600 New Yorkers conducted for the Conservative Party of New York. A majority of poll respondents, 57.3%, said they strongly support voter identification requirements for voting in-person or casting absentee ballots while 12.5% said they somewhat support the requirements. The poll showed majorities of each racial group, geographic group, and political affiliation support the requirements, with one exception. Support among Democrats in the poll was at 49%, with a margin of error of +/- 4 percentage points.   The requirements are broadly supported across the country, and according to a single private poll, in New York state as well.  We rate this .
Statement: Says Barack Obama "robbed Medicare (of) $716 billion to pay for ... Obamacare.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: August 12, 2012
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;history;medicare;retirement
Context: an interview on "60 Minutes"
Fact-check justification: Romney said, "There's only one president that I know of in history that robbed Medicare, $716 billion to pay for a new risky program of his own that we call Obamacare." The only element of  here is that the health care law seeks to reduce future Medicare spending, and the tally of those cost reductions over the next 10 years is $716 billion. The money wasn’t "robbed," however, and other presidents have made similar reductions to the Medicare program. We rate this statement .
Statement: Video says COVID-19 vaccines are "weapons of mass destruction" that "could wipe out the human race.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 28, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a video on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A video circulating on Facebook claims COVID-19 vaccines are "weapons of mass destruction" that "could wipe out the human race."   The  is linked to widely-debunked conspiracy theories about a group of so-called global elites’ "secret plot" to create a totalitarian world government and purge a large portion of the planet’s population. There is no  to support the  that the COVID-19 vaccines are "weapons of mass destruction" that will cause widespread deaths.  The video’s  is  and . We rate it !
Statement: Says Jeff Reardon cut elementary school music classes, art instruction, teaching positions, basketball and volleyball programs, and he voted to raise school lunch prices.
Speaker: mike schaufler
About the speaker: Rep. Mike Schaufler, D-Portland, represents Oregon House District 48.
Date: May 8, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: education;message machine 2012;voting record
Context: campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: If "Reardon’s cuts" shortchanged children, then most anyone who’s ever served on a school board probably is guilty of the same crime. As are legislators who approve K-12 budgets that result in program cuts. A decision to approve a budget -- or a bill -- that results in larger classrooms, fewer teachers, or more expensive lunches does not mean that that person supports those results. Schaufler’s mailer contains a nugget of  but is woefully . We rate it .
Statement: One in three women is sexually assaulted on the dangerous journey north.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 19, 2019
Location: national
Topics: immigration;corrections and updates;homeland security
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "One in three women is sexually assaulted on the dangerous journey north." A 2017 report from Doctors Without Borders said 31.4 percent of women had been sexually abused during their transit through Mexico. That's based on a 2015 survey of more than 400 migrants interviewed in facilities where migrants seek assistance. (The majority of migrants interviewed were men.) Doctors Without Borders said its report provided a snapshot in time of the perils migrants face, but said it wasn’t necessarily representative of the entire migrant population traveling through Mexico. Trump’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: It's actually the safest time to fly.
Speaker: ainsley earhardt
About the speaker: Ainsley Earhardt is a co-host of Fox News Channel's (FNC) Fox & Friends (weekdays 6-9AM/ET) alongside Steve Doocy and Brian Kilmeade. She joined the network in 2007.
Date: March 13, 2020
Topics: public health;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: the Fox & Friends show
Fact-check justification: Earhardt said that "it's actually the safest time to fly." Officials from the CDC and WHO are advising older people and those with chronic health conditions to reconsider travel in order to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. The State Department has issued travel advisories for several individual countries, as well as a global health advisory, related to the disease outbreak. Other countries have taken similar steps. While the disease transmission on airplanes is thought to be a low risk, it is still possible to contract the coronavirus through close personal contact and respiratory droplets. Earhardt’s statement is . We rate it .
Statement: We know dangerous criminals can slip through immigration at airports just like ours. Yet Joe Donnelly stood right here with the radical left against all efforts to secure our most vulnerable entry points.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: October 24, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a digital ad
Fact-check justification: NRSC said, "We know dangerous criminals can slip through immigration at airports just like ours. Yet Joe Donnelly stood right here with the radical left against all efforts to secure our most vulnerable entry points." Donnelly has  stood with Republicans when it comes to immigration. He stood with Democrats and several prominent Republicans, whom he quotes in the video, in decrying Trump’s executive order to halt the entry of people from countries impacted by terrorism. That’s not the "radical left". We rate this statement .
Statement: Undocumented immigrants commit less crimes than the native born.
Speaker: antonio villaraigosa
About the speaker: Antonio Villaraigosa, a Democrat, is a candidate for California governor, former mayor of Los Angeles and former state Assembly speaker. 
Date: July 31, 2017
Location: california
Topics: immigration;corrections and updates;crime;the 2018 california governor's race
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Villaraigosa said "undocumented immigrants commit less crimes than the native born." He cited a 2015 study by the National Academy of Sciences that backs up this . In a fact check last year, PolitiFact rated a similar  . It cited additional studies by scholars and partisan groups that show that the foreign-born population is less likely to commit crimes than the native-born. It also found that researchers agree more data is needed to get a better understanding of immigration and crime. It said this was a needed clarification. PolitiFact California agrees with these findings. We rated Villaraigosa’s  .   – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. UPDATE: We have added information to the ‘Our research’ section of this fact check from a March 2017 study by the libertarian Cato Institute. The study’s findings provide additional  backing up Villaraigosa’s  that undocumented immigrants are less likely to commit crimes than the native born. PolitiFact California is fact-checking claims in the 2018 California governor's race through our Tracking The  series.  Hear a  you want fact-checked? Email us at  [email protected] , tweet us  @CAPolitiFact  or contact us on  Facebook .
Statement: Says PolitiFact "listed Governor Scott Walker of Wisconsin as the Governor who told the most lies" and "our own 'untruthful' Governor Chris Christie made it into Politifact's top five of 'Lie - en Governors'.
Speaker: loretta weinberg
About the speaker: Loretta Weinberg is a Democratic state senator representing Bergen County.
Date: June 4, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a column on Blue Jersey
Fact-check justification: Weinberg claimed PolitiFact listed Walker as the governor "who told the most lies" and Christie made it into PolitiFact’s "top five of ‘Lie - en Governors’." Weinberg is  on both counts. PolitiFact never ranked governors by their falsehoods. Though PolitiFact breaks down ratings by percentages, those figures represent how an individual’s statements have fared on the -O-Meter. They do not show who "told the most lies." We rate Weinberg’s  . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Guantanamo has "never been a key component of ISIS or al-Qaida propaganda.
Speaker: stephen hayes
About the speaker: Stephen Hayes is a senior writer at the Weekly Standard, a conservative magazine, and author of The Connection: How al Qaeda's Collaboration with Saddam Hussein Has Endangered America.
Date: December 27, 2015
Topics: terrorism;punditfact
Context: on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Hayes said, Guantanamo has "never been a key component of ISIS or al-Qaida propaganda." Experts told us that Hayes’ point has merit. Analyses of jihadist propaganda materials show that Guantanamo is rarely mentioned, especially compared to other grievances against the United States, like military airstrikes. Al-Qaida uses Guantanamo less frequently now than it used to, though it was never a primary focus of their propaganda. Because he specified that Guantanamo is not a "key component" of jihadist propaganda, we rate Hayes’ statement .
Statement: Video of Hunter Biden at the White House was taken on the "same day they found cocaine.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 11, 2023
Topics: drugs;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Snopes has rated the  that the video shows him doing drugs "miscaptioned." What we do know: This video wasn’t taken the same day cocaine was discovered at the White House.   White powder found inside the White House turned out to be cocaine, the Washington Post reported , but it was discovered on July 2.   The video of the Bidens was taken on July 4 and shows the family at a Fourth of July celebration.   We rate claims the video was taken the same day cocaine was discovered at the White House .
Statement: The president's proposed budget "will help reduce the deficit by $400 billion over the next decade to the lowest level since Dwight Eisenhower was president.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 22, 2011
Location: national
Topics: deficit;federal budget;history
Context: Cleveland, Ohio
Fact-check justification: ‘We’ve also got to get our fiscal house in order," he said, "and that’s why I’ve put forth a budget that includes a five-year spending freeze that will help reduce the deficit by $400 billion and will get annual domestic spending down to the lowest levels since Dwight Eisenhower."      So where does this leave us? The president meant to say something different and then rephrased the statement several hours later. Still, most people in the room or watching on television who didn’t see his closing remarks would think that Obama was referring to the deficit, which would be . To set the record straight, we give his initial statement in Cleveland a rating of .
Statement: The McCain campaign is roughly in the position where Vice President Gore was running against President Bush one week before the election of 2000.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: October 23, 2008
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: remarks by chief strategist Steve Schmidt
Fact-check justification: Again, McCain's deficit is more than double Gore's. We don't mean to suggest that McCain can't come back and win the election. The question we sought to answer was this: Is McCain running in about the same position that Gore was at this point in the 2000 election, as the McCain campaign says? Simply put, no. We find McCain's  to be .
Statement: The proposed transportation bill "could be the largest tax increase in Georgia history.
Speaker: david pennington
About the speaker: David Pennington is mayor of Dalton, Ga.
Date: August 15, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: transportation
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: The latest revenue projection from the tax for Pennington’s northwest Georgia region is $140 million a year. It is possible, if all 12 regions pass the tax, that it could collect more than $1 billion a year, which would be the largest tax increase that we could find. The key will be whether voters in the Atlanta region approve it. Since Pennington said it "could" be the largest tax increase, we believe he gets to drive through the safe lane on his . Our rating is .
Statement: Says people are moving to Milwaukee "in record numbers
Speaker: peter feigin
About the speaker: Peter Feigin is president of the Milwaukee Bucks.
Date: June 23, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: population;sports
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: While it may be  that the pandemic trend of people leaving larger cities for smaller ones has benefited Milwaukee, it seems more likely that it’s too early to tell. And the explosive growth during the 19th and 20th centuries is hard to beat.   In one way-back decade, the city saw a 77% population increase.   Our definition of  is that the  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.   That fits here.
Statement: Says Barack Obama "said when he was running for office four years ago that he would halve the annual deficit by the end of his first term. That simply has not happened.
Speaker: leonard lance
About the speaker: Leonard Lance is a Republican congressman representing New Jersey's 7th district.
Date: October 11, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: In a debate against his Democratic challenger, Lance claimed that Obama "said when he was running for office four years ago that he would halve the annual deficit by the end of his first term. That simply has not happened, ladies and gentlemen, and it is greatly disturbing." Lance should have said Obama made that pledge soon after he took office, but the congressman’s overall point is solid. The president vowed in February 2009 to cut the annual deficit in half by the end of his first term, and he hasn’t done it. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: A million people … could get health insurance right away" if Texas expanded Medicaid under Obamacare.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: November 6, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: health care;medicaid
Context: remarks at a Dallas synagogue
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "A million people … could get health insurance right away" if Texas expanded Medicaid as encouraged by the Obamacare law. Estimates show some 1.4 million to 1.7 million would be eligible immediately. We rate his statement as .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: 'LOL' stands for 'Lucifer our Lord.' Satanists end their prayers by saying 'Lucifer our Lord'.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 26, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "I feel confident in asserting that this is a hoax," Jarry said.   NBC News also debunked the "Lucifer our Lord"  in 2012 when it circulated on the social media platform Reddit. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , "LOL" was "originally and chiefly" used in "the language of electronic communications" to express amusement, or to draw attention to a joke.    We found no credible sources for the  that "LOL" is used by satanists to mean "Lucifer our Lord." We rate this post .
Statement: David Dewhurst currently owes more than $1 million to vendors for services provided to his 2012 U.S. Senate campaign.
Speaker: dan patrick
About the speaker: As a Houston state senator, Dan Patrick won election as lieutenant governor of Texas in November 2014 after earlier defeating incumbent David Dewhurst for his party's nomination. Patrick also has hosted a daily talk show on AM700 in Houston.
Date: April 16, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: campaign finance;candidate biography
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Patrick said Dewhurst "currently owes more than $1 million to vendors for services provided to his 2012 U.S. Senate campaign." To be precise, it's Dewhurst's Senate campaign that had outstanding debts exceeding $1.4 million through 2013. Also, Dewhurst appears to be trying to recoup campaign dollars he has described as stolen; it’s not as if he’s simply a deadbeat. We rate this , which lacked this additional information, as .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.