chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In a government shutdown, "what they are really doing is shutting down our military.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 12, 2018
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said that in a government shutdown, "what they are really doing is shutting down our military." This is an exaggeration. Based on historical precedent, the Defense Department does stand to see a substantial fraction of its civilian workers furloughed, and employee morale would likely suffer if paychecks are held back. But experts agreed that core military functions would remain operational, including all active-duty military personnel and many essential civilian workers. We rate the statement .
Statement: The government is closing businesses to stop the spread of coronavirus even though "the numbers are nothing compared to H1N1 or Ebola. Everyone needs to realize our government is up to something ...
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 16, 2020
Location: national
Topics: coronavirus;pennsylvania
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: State-run liquor stores did close in Pennsylvania as government officials scrambled to halt the spread of the coronavirus, but all the other claims made in this post are . Most importantly, any suggestion that the coronavirus isn’t real or that it’s part of a government conspiracy is a  . The deadly virus is killing Americans right now, and abiding by unprecedented orders to stay home is the best way to halt its spread. We rate the post’s  about the government being "up to something" .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney and George Allen "would overturn Roe v. Wade and allow states to end safe, legal abortion even in cases of rape, incest or when a woman's life is at risk.
Speaker: planned parenthood
About the speaker: Planned Parenthood Federation of America identifies itself as the nation's leading women's health care provider, educator, and advocate, serving women, men, teens, and families. The Planned Parenthood Action Fund is an independent, nonpartisan, not-for-profit organization formed as the advocacy and political arm of Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Planned Parenthood Votes is a super PAC affiliated with Planned Parenthood.
 
Date: October 10, 2012
Location: national
Topics: abortion;message machine 2012;states;supreme court;women
Context: a mailer
Fact-check justification: A Planned Parenthood mailer in Virginia claims that "(Mitt) Romney and (George) Allen would overturn Roe v. Wade and allow states to end safe, legal abortion even in cases of rape, incest or when a woman's life is at risk." A president and a senator don’t have the power to directly overturn a Supreme Court decision, but they could nominate and vote for an anti- Roe justice if a spot opened. Meanwhile, there’s no guarantee that a reshuffled court would fully overturn the decision, as opposed to further limiting a woman’s right to choose, but preserving protection in cases of rape, incest or risk to a woman's life. The ad says Romney and Allen "would." We suppose they would if they could — but whether they could is substantially more speculative than the ad suggests. We rate the ad’s  .
Statement: Hospitals, doctors, MRIs, surgeries and so forth are more extensively used and far more expensive in this country than they are in many other countries.''
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: March 7, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a Fox News Sunday interview
Fact-check justification: The OECD does not have data on the amount of total surgeries in the United States, but all the available data suggest that it has a higher rate of surgeries than the average of the countries the group monitors. It's fairly well established that the United States spends more on health care than other economically developed countries, so high costs do not come as a surprise. Romney was right about MRIs, surgery, hospitals and doctors all costing more in the United States. Regarding quantity, he was also right about higher rates of MRI exams and surgery here, but  about hospital usage and doctor consultations. We're rating this .
Statement: The Democratic health care plan is a "government takeover of nearly 20 percent of our economy.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: March 19, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Yes, the plan would expand the government's role, but it primarily would continue to rely on private insurers for the vast majority of Americans. And, for people who have trouble getting coverage, it would create a marketplace so people could shop for coverage from private insurers . It's   to call that a government takeover. Once again, we need to strike a match and set the meter ablaze. !
Statement: We have my opponent Sam Olens to thank for [the Arizona immigration ruling] since he was on the team that got Clinton elected.
Speaker: preston smith
About the speaker: Preston Smith is a Republican candidate for Georgia Attorney General
Date: July 28, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration;elections
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Keep in mind that presidential terms are four years, so Clinton had to be re-elected in 1996 in order to nominate Bolton in 2000. Clinton lost the state of Georgia in 1996 by 1.2 percentage points. PolitiFact Georgia finds Smith's statement verges on the . We don't see how he connected the dots to conclude Olens had a role, in part, in Bolton's appointment. Our conclusion: .
Statement: The STAR Ohio fund "just received the highest possible credit rating one of these funds can receive.
Speaker: josh mandel
About the speaker: Josh Mandel, a Republican from Lyndhurst, is a Marine veteran who served two tours in Iraq. He served as Ohio treasurer from 2011 to 2019.  Before that, he was a state representative from the 17th Ohio House District. He unsuccessfully challenged Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 US Senate race. Mandel is running for the GOP nomination for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat in 2022.
Date: October 5, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: economy
Context: an email to supporters
Fact-check justification: But the rating already had been in place for 16 years. It did not improve under Mandel, as a reasonable person might assume from his email. And while he gets some credit for maintaining the rating, his email overstated the case. Those are important details that add context. We rate the statement .
Statement: The retail market we participate in is extraordinarily large and competitive. Amazon accounts for less than 1% of the $25 trillion global retail market, and less than 4% of U.S. retail.
Speaker: jeff bezos
About the speaker: Founder, CEO, and president of Amazon. Owner of The Washington Post and aerospace company Blue Origin.
Date: July 29, 2020
Topics: congress;corporations;corrections and updates
Context: a congressional hearing
Fact-check justification: Bezos said Amazon is participating in a market that is "extraordinarily large and competitive. Amazon accounts for less than 1% of the $25 trillion global retail market, and less than 4% of US retail." Bezos cited those figures in an effort to portray Amazon as a less powerful force on the retail market than some may assume. These figures are  and don’t tell the full story.  In the most comparable category — U.S. e-commerce — Amazon easily outdistances all of its competitors, and on the international front, it is the second-most profitable company in the world when it comes to all retail. Even the retail company making the most revenue internationally, Walmart, doesn’t account for a large percentage of sales in the international market. We rate this  . Correction (Aug. 10, 2020):  In 2018 Walmart made $517.7 billion in global retail sales, according to the Kantar Group. An earlier version of this story had an  figure.
Statement: Says Donald Trump said the government is going to pay for everybody to have health care.
Speaker: keep the promise 1 pac
About the speaker: Keep the Promise 1 is a PAC supporting Ted Cruz for president.
Date: February 17, 2016
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an attack ad
Fact-check justification: A pro-Cruz PAC, Keep the Promise I, ran an ad that appeared to have Trump saying he wanted the government to pay for everyone’s health care. That ad relied on very selective editing of an interview Trump had on CBS News. The edits left out very important words. Trump said most people would buy their insurance privately and that the government would help those of limited means, which he roughly described as the lower 25 percent. The ad omitted key details that would have conveyed a very different meaning. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Shaquille O'Neal said Donald Trump "is possibly the best president.
Speaker: pro conservative news
About the speaker: Pro Conservative News is a website that posts some fake news.
Date: December 10, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: We sent a message to Pro Conservative News on Facebook and did not get a reply. The headline stated that O’Neal said Trump "is possibly the best president." This  news story appeared to take a quote from Hatch and attribute it to O’Neal. It was Hatch who said of Trump "he’s been one of the best presidents I’ve served under." We rate this  .
Statement: Obama "refused to not only put his hand on his heart during the Pledge of Allegiance, but refused to say the pledge.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: November 8, 2007
Location: national
Topics: patriotism
Context: an e-mail circulated by many people
Fact-check justification: Modern custom does not require a hand over the heart, said Anne Garside, director of communication for the Maryland Historical Society, home of the original manuscript of the Star-Spangled Banner .
 "I think the bottom line is that you show respect with your demeanor," she said. "Whether you put your hand over your heart, hold your hat at shoulder level or waist level, is really in this day and age irrelevant." She pointed out that "the tune of the Star-Spangled Banner was originally a drinking song. If they can put the words to the tune of a rousing drinking song, to quibble over whether you put your hand over your heart is really ."
Statement: The United States "won every major battle" of the Vietnam War. "Every single one.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 30, 2011
Location: national
Topics: history;military;veterans
Context: a speech to the American Legion
Fact-check justification: Most of the the 10 historians agreed that Obama was pretty close to correct when he said that the U.S. didn’t lose any major battles in the Vietnam War -- "pretty close" because a case can be made that the U.S. lost the battles for Landing Zone Albany and Fire Support Base Ripcord, and possibly others. But Obama's remark to the veterans fits our definition of a  - the statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Although the U.S. may have won most of the major battles, it's important to note that there is wide agreement that the U.S. lost the war. The cause of that may very well be political decisions rather than military ones, but it's an exaggeration to portray the U.S. effort the way Obama has. We rate his statement .
Statement: Obama "supports hate-crimes expansion ... potentially putting churches at risk if they preach the truth about homosexuality.
Speaker: focus on the family action
About the speaker: Focus on the Family Action is the lobbying arm of Focus on the Family, an organization founded by evangelical Christian Dr. James Dobson.
Date: March 26, 2008
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;crime;lgbtq;religion
Context: an article written by Tom Minnery
Fact-check justification: "But someone simply expressing what their religious tradition says about homosexuality from the pulpit, no." Although the Senate passed the expanded hate crimes legislation backed by Obama in September 2007, negotiators in the House and Senate did not include it as an amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act, and it stalled. It's fair enough to take issue with Obama on his support of the two measures — certainly they were highly controversial and hotly debated. But Minnery's characterizations of what the bills would mean are . We rule his statement .
Statement: The poorest counties in the U.S. are in Appalachia and "happen to be more than 90 percent white.
Speaker: jim webb
About the speaker: Jim Webb is running for president of the United States in 2016.
Webb, a Democrat, served as a U.S. senator from Virginia in 2007-13. He served as the first Assistant Secreatry of Defense for Reserve Affairs and Secretary of the Navy in the Ronald Reagan administration.
Webb is a 1968 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and served as a Marine Corps infantry officer until 1972 and saw action in the Vietnam War, for which he was awarded the Navy Cross, Silver Star, two Bronze Stars and two Purple Hearts.
Webb was born in Saint Joseph, Mo. He also has a law degree from Georgetown Law Center, Washington, D.C. He has written fiction and nonfictions books and won an Emmy award for his 1983 PBS coverage of the U.S. Marines in Beirut. He frequently writes opinion columns for many publications.
Date: November 19, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: poverty
Context: an announcement
Fact-check justification: Webb said that the poorest U.S. counties are in Appalachia and "happen to be more than 90 percent white." No doubt, some of the poorest are in Appalachia, particularly eastern Kentucky. But looking at several different measures of county poverty results in a more complex picture than Webb suggests.   Measured by median household income, overwhelmingly white Appalachian counties comprise six of the 10 U.S. counties with the lowest median household income. But measured by the poverty rate, only one -white Appalachian county ranks in the 10 poorest. The other nine -- in the South, the Dakotas or Texas -- have larger majorities that are either black, Native American, or Hispanic and Latino. That pattern pretty much holds up when you rank the poorest counties by lowest per capita income. So Webb’s statement is partially accurate, but needs context. We rate it .
Statement: I represent the fourth-poorest (congressional) district" in the nation.
Speaker: gwen moore
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore is a Democratic member of Congress, representing Wisconsin's 4th District, which primarily includes Milwaukee. Moore, who served in the state Legislature from 1989 to 2004, was elected to Congress in 2004.
Date: December 15, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: census;income;poverty
Context: an interview with a weekly newspaper
Fact-check justification: We found both assertions . Moore also overstates the case. Her spokesman said Moore meant to say Milwaukee is the nation’s fourth-poorest city, not that her district is the nation’s fourth-poorest congressional district. But even that ranking is correct only when considering the nation’s largest cities. We rate Moore’s statement .
Statement: You would receive a citation for taking a dildo to class" at the University of Texas.
Speaker: cocks not glocks
About the speaker: In Cocks Not Glocks, University of Texas students in August 2016 wielded dildos to depict as absurd a state law permitting licensed individuals to bring concealed handguns into campus buildings including classrooms.
Date: August 24, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: education;regulation;guns
Context: a Cocks not Glocks call to protest on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Cocks Not Glocks said students would get citations for taking dildos to class. Texas obscenity law allows citations to be issued to dildo toters provided the dildo is displayed and the person doing so is reckless about who could be offended and the display lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value. That said, we failed to identify any instance of such a ticket being issued nor did UT officials say it was likely to happen--which leaves such a citation hypothetical and situational, it seems to us. On balance, we rate this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/e696025d-e6af-4204-acf5-a50d78fb34fd
Statement: Florida Governor Rick Scott now listed as 'critical' after bizarre hurricane cleanup accident.
Speaker: thelastlineofdefense.org
About the speaker: A web site associated with fake news. It is run by a man named Christopher Blair, a self-described "liberal troll" who wants to fool conservative readers with outlandish stories.
Date: September 11, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: fake news
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The post says Scott was taken to Mercy General Hospital in Sarasota. There is no hospital in Sarasota by that name. We’ve written about the thelastlineofdefense.org , before. The website is a well known peddler of  news. We rate this  .
Statement: The tax-cut deal "adds more than $800 billion to the deficit over two years -- more than the cost of TARP and more than the cost of the Recovery Act" and about the same as health care reform.
Speaker: bobby scott
About the speaker: Bobby Scott, D-3rd, has been a member of the U.S. House of Representatives since 1993. The district is comprised of all of Charles City and Surry counties and Petersburg and Portsmouth and portions of Henrico and Prince George counties and Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk and Richmond. Scott has seats on the Judiciary and Education and Labor committees.
Scott previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1979-83 and in the state Senate in 1983-93. He was a member of the National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve. He was a lawyer in a private practice from 1973-91.
Scott was born in Washington, D.C. He earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., in 1969 and a law degree from Boston College in 1973.
Date: December 16, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: deficit;federal budget;health care;stimulus;taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Regardless, Scott’s more than safe on the cost alone. So, let’s review. Scott’s said the tax compromise will cost more than TARP, more than the Stimulus and about the same as close to the 10-year cost of the Health Care Reform bill.    He’s right on TARP, right on health care reform, and off by a tad on the Stimulus -- perhaps because the cost estimate of the act recently changed. We rate his  .
Statement: Edwards says if Congress won't pass universal health care, he'll tell Congress: "I'm going to use my power as president to take your health care away from you.
Speaker: john edwards
About the speaker: John Edwards is a former U.S. senator from North Carolina who was John Kerry's running mate in 2004. A personal injury attorney, Edwards was born in South Carolina in 1953 and now lives in Chapel Hill, N.C. He graduated from North Carolina State University and earned a law degree from the University of North Carolina Law School. He is married to Elizabeth Edwards, who has been diagnosed with cancer. They have three children; a fourth was killed in an auto accident. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: November 12, 2007
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: That's a more realistic scenario, and there's nothing to stop a president from submitting legislation if he can find a member to introduce it. But count us dubious on Congress voting away its own health care coverage. In the meantime, we find Edwards' lordly pronouncement in his TV ad to border on the . As a former member of the U.S. senate, he should know better. For that reason, we give him the rare  ruling.