chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Because of the steps we took, there are about 2 million Americans working right now who would otherwise be unemployed.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 27, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus
Context: his State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: And that's our biggest issue with Obama's definitive  that if not for the stimulus, 2 million Americans working right now would otherwise be unemployed. It's a projection. Economists can't say for sure what would have happened if the stimulus had not passed, and whether those who got jobs through the stimulus would otherwise be unemployed. And while the number cited by Obama is backed up by the projections from his Council of Economic Advisers, it's on the high side of the projections from the CBO, and significantly higher than projections from several other economic forecasters. And so we rate Obama's  .
Statement: Video shows Sen. Chris Murphy running away because Sen. Ted Cruz said "just shut your mouth.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 10, 2023
Topics: congress;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Cruz exploding at Murphy and telling him to "just shut your mouth" as the Democratic senator flees. Murphy walked away at one point in the exchange but came back to the Senate floor before Cruz’s "shut his mouth" comment. The statement contains an element of  because Cruz did use the phrase "shut his mouth." But the  ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.   We rate claims that Murphy ran away because Cruz exploded and yelled "just shut your mouth" .
Statement: The frequency of hurricanes making landfall in the continental U.S. has declined slightly since 1900...There aren't more powerful hurricanes either.
Speaker: bjorn lomborg
About the speaker: Bjorn Lomborg is president of the Copenhagen Consensus Center, and visiting fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University. 
Date: September 3, 2021
Location: national
Topics: climate change
Context: the Wall Street Journal
Fact-check justification: Lomborg said that the frequency and strength of hurricanes hitting the U.S. had declined slightly since 1900. The small shift in some of Lomborg’s sources doesn’t amount to a statistically significant change over the past 120 years. Researchers broadly agree that given all the problems with the historic data, there is no discernable trend either way. Studies of Atlantic storms since 1980, using more robust data, find that the hurricanes that form there tend to be stronger than in the past. Human-driven climate change might play a role, although the science is unsettled. Lomborg focused on a limited number of hurricanes and pushed the data beyond what the research supports. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Michelle Nunn is "for amnesty.
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: September 17, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: But it also mandates the border control improvements that Perdue said should be a priority – before any path to citizenship can take place. There is some  in calling the Senate bill an amnesty measure, but just a grain. The bill also calls for much stiffer border control, and investment, first. Ignoring  those mandates pushes the  down the the -O-Meter. We rate the  .
Statement: You can vote in Wisconsin with a photo ID "even if that ID is expired or you've moved.
Speaker: gwen moore
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore is a Democratic member of Congress, representing Wisconsin's 4th District, which primarily includes Milwaukee. Moore, who served in the state Legislature from 1989 to 2004, was elected to Congress in 2004.
Date: October 20, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;states
Context: a virtual rally
Fact-check justification: Moore said you can vote in Wisconsin with an ID "even if that ID is expired or you’ve moved." There’s a caveat for both halves of that . The ID can be expired, but for the Nov. 3 election it can’t have expired before Nov. 6, 2018. And it’s OK if the address is , as long as the voter is already registered or provides some other document as proof of residence. So this statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. That’s our definition of .
Statement: The United Kingdom is "our largest (trading) partner.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 4, 2019
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;trade
Context: London
Fact-check justification: Trump said that the United Kingdom is the largest trading partner of the United States That’s . The United Kingdom ranks fifth, behind China, Canada, Mexico and Japan in combined trade with the United States. As a market for American exports, it ranks fourth after Canada, Mexico and China. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Virginia Republican "Scott Taylor has been convicted in at least four different courts across the country, at times failing to even appear, and having a warrant issued for his arrest.
Speaker: randy forbes
About the speaker: Randy Forbes is from Chesapeake and represents Virginia's Fourth District in Congress. He was first elected to the House of Representatives in 2001. He serves on the Judiciary Committee and the Armed Services Committee, where he is chairman of the Seapower and Projection Forces Subcommittee.
Forbes previously served in Virginia's House of Delegates from 1989 to 1997 and in the State Senate from 1997 to 2001. He also was chairman of the Republican Party of Virginia from 1996 to 2001.
Forbes received a bachelor's degree from Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, in 1974, and a law degree from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in 1977.
Date: May 13, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: negative campaigning
Context: a campaign flier
Fact-check justification: A Forbes campaign brochure says, "Scott Taylor has been convicted in at least four courts across the country, at times failing to appear and having a warrant issued for his arrest." Taylor has been convicted in five courts. He was charged with failing to appear in court once, not multiple "times" as Forbes says. And there was one time, in 2004, when a bench warrant was issued for Taylor’s arrest. The problem is that Forbes, in setting up Taylor as lawbreaker, gives voters only half of the story. He contours language and images to suggest Taylor is no better than a criminal, but dodges actually saying so. Forbes doesn’t mention that all of Taylor’s convictions concerned driving violations,  speeding. He doesn’t mention that the failure-to-appear charge against Taylor was dropped later. Taylor, a former Navy SEAL, says he missed the 2004 court date - triggering the arrest warrant - because he had been sent on a lengthy military training exercise. There are no angels in this fact check. Taylor’s driving record is fair game for criticism. Forbes’ attack is partially accurate but skips important details. So we rate his  . Editors Note: An earlier version of this story gave the  highest speed for which Taylor has been cited.
Statement: Photo shows a crowded New York City subway train during stay-at-home order.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 2, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: transportation;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Wait for the next train." According to a report by the New York Times, although overall subway ridership is down 87%, the steepest declines have occurred in richer neighborhoods.   Manhattan, which has a median income around $80,000, saw a 75% decrease in ridership, the Times reports, while the Bronx, where the median household income is about $38,000, saw only a 55% decrease.   The post is off on the date of the photo, but only by a few days; it was taken well into New York’s stay-at-home order. We rate it .
Statement: The Austin Independent School District's graduation rate reached an all-time high of 82.5 percent in 2012.
Speaker: meria carstarphen
About the speaker: Meria Joel Carstarphen, superintendent of the Austin Independent School District, was previously superintendent of the Saint Paul (Minn.) Public Schools.
 
Date: March 27, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: press release
Fact-check justification: Our conclusion Austin’s high school graduation rate has risen in Carstarphen’s tenure as school superintendent to 82.5 percent. It’s not as good as Texas’ overall graduation rate, but it is better than the national average and far better than the rates for Atlanta Public Schools and Georgia. It’s difficult to say how much of the increases can be attributed to policies she’s pushed. But it appears accurate. We rate the statement .
Statement: We have the highest corporate income tax in the world right now.
Speaker: gary johnson
About the speaker: Gary Johnson is the Libertarian nominee for president in 2016. He was also the party's nominee in 2012. He previously served as governor of New Mexico as a Republican.
Date: May 5, 2011
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: To be more accurate, Johnson should have said the United States has the highest "corporate tax rate" rather than the highest "corporate taxes." By using the term "corporate taxes," Johnson opens the door to the broader World Bank figure, which would put a number of other major countries above the U.S. in the rankings. That way of looking at it would undercut Johnson’s argument. On the other hand, he is close to correct when using the two more common benchmarks -- statutory tax rates (in which the U.S. trails only Japan, for now) and effective rates (where the U.S. trails only Japan, New Zealand and Thailand). On balance, we rate Johnson’s statement .
Statement: The Baucus bill "contains provisions that would send massive federal subsidies directly to both private insurance plans and government-chartered cooperatives that pay for elective abortion.
Speaker: national right to life committee
About the speaker: The National Right to Life Committee is an advocacy group that seeks to reduce abortions and end the right to legal abortion.
Date: September 16, 2009
Location: national
Topics: abortion;health care
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: And as we said, words are chosen carefully. Regarding Johnson's  that the Baucus plan would result in "federal subsidies directly to both private insurance plans and government-chartered cooperatives that pay for elective abortion," we think he is on solid ground. One could argue whether or not this is a departure from making the bill "abortion neutral" — each side has its take on that — but the fact is the plan would allow insurers to offer abortion. And the plan includes federal subsidies to some who might choose to join such a plan. And so we rule Johnson's statement .
Statement: New England already has access to ample supplies of natural gas.
Speaker: jack reed
About the speaker: Jack Reed, a former attorney and army officer, is Rhode Island's senior. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1991 until 1996, when he was elected to the U.S. Senate.
Date: November 4, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: environment;energy
Context: a letter to a Senate committee
Fact-check justification: But it hasn’t convinced the regulators so far. Nor us. We find the  by Reed and the other senators to be . Update: The original version of this item incorrectly reported that National Grid, a major supplier of electricity and natural gas, burns natural gas to produce electricity. National Grid buys and sells electricity but does not generate it.
Statement: I took the state of Ohio from an $8 billion hole … to a $2 billion surplus.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: August 6, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;state budget
Context: Cleveland
Fact-check justification: Kasich said, "I took the state of Ohio from an $8 billion hole … to a $2 billion surplus." It’s possible to argue over whether the initial amount should be $6 billion rather than $8 billion. But Kasich didn’t pull that figure out of thin air, and it certainly was high by historical standards. He also used the term "hole," which is more appropriate than "deficit" would have been. Meanwhile, the $2 billion figure seems solid. Still, it’s worth noting that Kasich spoke a little grandly when he said that "I" did it, since the state’s fiscal improvement got a big assist from the national economic recovery. The statement is accurate but needs additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: Says Texas has been waiting for two years for the federal government to act on a proposal to allow the state to "create insurance opportunities for those that are uninsured today.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: April 15, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: health care;states;transparency
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Since then, state and federal officials have gone back and forth on the request, with no resolution. Perry portrays the request as still awaiting action by the feds. But the federal agency has told state officials that their proposal needs revision before it can be formally considered. In that sense, federal officials have acted, and the state is responsible for the latest delay that Perry decries. We rate Perry's statement as .
Statement: Says when Mitt Romney was governor, Massachusetts was 47th in job creation
Speaker: jeanne shaheen
About the speaker: Jeanne Shaheen is a Senator from New Hampshire.
Date: September 5, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: jobs
Context: an interview on The Daily Rundown
Fact-check justification: It’s correct that Massachusetts ranked 47th of 50 in job creation on Romney’s watch. However, Shaheen -- like Democrats before her and the Romney camp in its rebuttal --  Romney’s influence on the state job market. Governors simply don't have that much impact. Shaheen gets a .
Statement: Muslims in America have been subjected to more insults, attacks and hate crimes in the last two or three years than ever before, specifically more than after 9-11.
Speaker: omar rachid
About the speaker: Omar Rachid of Victoria, Texas was serving as a board member for the Victoria Islamic Center in 2018.
Date: July 21, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: crime;religion;terrorism
Context: a San Antonio Express-News story
Fact-check justification: Rachid said: "Muslims in America have been subjected to more insults, attacks and hate crimes in the last two or three years than ever before, specifically more than after 9-11." Incidents confirmed by the pro-Muslim CAIR support this statement. Also, FBI hate-crime statistics drawn from police departments indicate there were more anti-Muslim assaults in 2016 than after 9/11 though its counts generally indicate there were more anti-Muslim incidents after 9/11. A footnote: We didn’t come up with a way to gauge shifts in the prevalence of insults. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Joe Biden "has advocated cutting Social Security for 40 years
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: March 11, 2020
Location: national
Topics: social security;florida
Context: a television ad attacking Joe Biden
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that Biden advocated for Social Security cuts for 40 years. The record is much more nuanced than that. Over his decades in the Senate, Biden generally pushed to protect Social Security, but he also supported ideas that would reduce Social Security benefits over time. The audio in the Sanders ad of Biden calling for a total freeze on government spending dates back 25 years. About 13 years ago, Biden said he was open to benefit reductions, and then a few months later, said increasing taxes was better than reducing benefits. During the Obama administration, he was on board with a proposal that would have reduced benefits about four percentage points over four decades. That was in the context of a sweeping budget deal, and ultimately, it went nowhere. But also during those years, Biden was part of efforts to protect Social Security from automatic cuts under sequestration. Biden’s current policy is to increase Social Security benefits. The  contains elements of , but leaves out important facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says Tim Tebow wrote, "The government might be preparing us for a cashless society, but it was predicted by the Bible.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 13, 2021
Topics: religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Some people believe that the Bible does predict a cashless society , as the Facebook post says. Revelation 13:17 says, "No one can buy or sell unless he has the mark, that is, the name of the beast or the number of its name. "     But we’re not here to weigh in biblical interpretations. We’re judging whether this post is accurately attributed to Tebow, and we rate claims that he authored it .
Statement: Russia, Iran, Syria & many others are not happy" about U.S. troops leaving Syria.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: December 20, 2018
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Russia, Iran, Syria & many others are not happy" about U.S. troops leaving Syria. Putin has publicly welcomed the move, calling it the right decision. U.S. troops are in Syria supporting forces that oppose the Syrian government, and Iran backs the Syrian government. Six U.S. senators and analysts have said that Russia, Iran, and Syria are poised to embolden their power in the region without the United States’ presence. Trump’s assessment is . We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Adults over 51 can receive $$$ in additional spending for groceries and expenses.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 7, 2022
Topics: economy;health care;medicare;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims adults 51 and older are eligible for a Medicare spending card to help pay for rising expenses because of inflation. The cards are provided only through private insurance companies, not Medicare, and only to people 65 and older. Spending cards are available only from certain private insurance companies and can be used only to help pay for valid medical expenses, not for groceries, as the post implies. We rate this  .
Statement: Drought is a lie" designed to limit farming, reduce the food supply and ultimately control Americans.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 6, 2022
Topics: environment;agriculture;climate change;fake news;food;science;water
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that "drought is a lie" designed to limit farming, reduce the food supply and ultimately control Americans. There is no  to support this , which the post links to unsubstantiated conspiracy theories. Data shows that more than 50% of the contiguous United States was in drought as of July 12.  We rate this  ! RELATED:  This 95-item list doesn’t prove there are ongoing plans to create food shortages RELATED:  What is QAnon, the baseless conspiracy spilling into US politics?