chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Paul Ryan "cut embassy security in his budget by $300 million below what we asked for.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 11, 2012
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;foreign policy
Context: Danville, Ky
Fact-check justification: Both ways of defending the  of a $300 million cut have some justification, but also come with problems. Extrapolating from Ryan’s budget is a speculative exercise, while the enacted appropriations figures were not directly shaped by Ryan's budget. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Barack Obama tweets sick attack on John McCain, says he should have died.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 19, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Bloggers wrote, "Barack Obama tweets sick attack on John McCain, says he should have died." The story and the tweet it described appeared on multiple outlets, but sprang from a website devoted to writing  stories about liberals in an attempt to fool conservatives. Obama’s only tweet about McCain’s brain cancer was encouraging. We rate this statement !
Statement: In Congress, "on the Democratic side of the room, you've got men and women of all different races; on the other side, you've got a bunch of white men in dark suits, all over 55 or so.
Speaker: mark pocan
About the speaker: Mark Pocan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2nd Congressional District on Nov. 6, 2012. He is from Madison and previously served as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin state Assembly. 
Date: April 7, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: congress;race and ethnicity;population;women
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Pocan said: In Congress, "on the Democratic side of the room, you’ve got men and women of all different races; on the other side, you’ve got a bunch of white men in dark suits, all over 55 or so." Democrats have several times more women and several times more minorities than Republicans do in the House and Senate combined. And older white males are much more predominant among Republicans. At the same time, fully one-third of GOP members are not while males over 50. For a statement that is accurate but needs additional information, our rating is .
Statement: Assaults on Wisconsin law enforcement officers are up 224 percent statewide since 2005
Speaker: wisconsin professional police association
About the speaker: The Wisconsin Professional Police Association is the largest law enforcement labor union in the state, representing local police, sheriff’s deputies and other officers. It serves almost 11,000 active and retired members in 380 locals. It does not represent Milwaukee police officers, who are covered by a separate union. The WPPA engages in collective bargaining and legislative lobbying.
Date: May 31, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: crime;state budget
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Lobbying to save funding for law enforcement in communities across the state, the Wisconsin Professional Police Association highlighted an upward surge (224 percent) in reported assaults against law enforcement officers since 2005. The statistics are on point, but while framing it as a statewide problem, the group didn’t note the jump is really centered in the city of Milwaukee. In many other parts of the state, assaults are down. So, it needed some clarification. That rates a .
Statement: Says since he took office, the City of Milwaukee has seen the creation of 7,000 new affordable housing units.
Speaker: tom barrett
About the speaker: Tom Barrett served as the 44th mayor of Milwaukee from 2004 until 2021. The mayoral position is non-partisan. A member of the Democratic Party, he was previously elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly (1984–1989), Wisconsin Senate (1989–1993) and U.S. House of Representatives (1993–2003).
Barrett lost bids for governor in 2002, 2010 and in the 2012 recall race against Gov. Scott Walker. He was sworn in as U.S. ambassador to Luxembourg on Dec. 23, 2021.
Date: November 20, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: city government;housing
Context: a public forum
Fact-check justification: Between April 1, 2004 and Oct. 31, 2019, some 3,542 units were razed by the city, and 3,123 razed privately, for a total of 6,665 units razed, according to the city Department of Neighborhood Services. "These are not places where people live; and in many instances, removal of these blighted structures spurs additional neighborhood revitalization and growth," said Christina Klose, a department spokeswoman.    Our ruling  Barrett said since he took office, the city has seen the creation of 7,000 new affordable housing units. The numbers back him up: Through affordable housing programs, 7,261 units have been created since Barrett took office. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Ted Cruz's father "was with Lee Harvey Oswald" before the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 3, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;history
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Trump said that Rafael Cruz "was with Lee Harvey Oswald" before the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. The sole "" for this  is a grainy photograph that shows Oswald with a man who may bear a resemblance to Cruz. But experts tell PolitiFact that the image is too degraded to offer much confidence. At the same time, multiple experts about the world of early 1960s pro-Castro advocacy said they have never seen  of Cruz associating with Oswald and consider Trump’s  implausible at best and  at worst. We rate the  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/c3361f8f-0108-4c22-874e-6ca77257190b
Statement: 97 percent of the 100 poorest counties in America are in red states.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 27, 2014
Location: national
Topics: county government;poverty
Context: a meme on social media
Fact-check justification: The meme said that "97 percent of the 100 poorest counties in America are in red states." According to the most recent data, that’s a few percentage points high, but not by much. However, measuring a county’s lack of affluence this way skews the map of poorest places toward rural states (which tend to be red) and away from big cities (which tend to be blue). This undercuts the simplicity of the meme’s political message. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: Says state's mandated tests come from an English company.
Speaker: george lavender
About the speaker: George Lavender represents Texas House District 1, which includes Franklin, Lamar, Red River and Bowie counties. According to his Texas House of Representatives biography, Lavender is a Texarkana native and businessman, a partner with Ellco Distributing who works in commercial real estate and was elected to the House in November 2010.
Date: April 29, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: Texas House of Representatives debate
Fact-check justification: Lavender said the state’s mandatory tests come from an English company. Pearson, the parent company of Texas’ testing contractor, is English. Then again, NCS Pearson is incorporated in Minnesota and was American-owned until 2000. Also, test items are generated by subcontractors including the San Antonio division of a global organization headquartered in New Jersey. Lacking these clarifications, the statement rates as .
Statement: Teachers will not be able to return to work after raising their children.
Speaker: paula dockery
About the speaker: Paula Dockery, a Republican from Lakeland, is a member of Florida Senate. She campaigned to be Florida governor in 2010 but withdrew from the race in May 2010 citing lack of resources.
Date: April 3, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: education;families
Context: the Lakeland Ledger
Fact-check justification: But the bill also directs the state Board of Education to adopt rules to document effective performance for teachers not evaluated. The state Department of Education says that clause means the state board will create a rule that will apply to teachers who have taken leave to take care of their children for example -- although SB 6 doesn't clearly spell out that scenario. Dockery said "teachers will not be able to return to work after raising their children." We find there is a provision in SB 6 to prevent this scenario, but because the rules won't be written until after the bill becomes law, we can't definitely say what will happen. We rule Dockery's  .
Statement: In Iowa, "since we have put a number of the voting laws into place over the last several years — voter ID is one of those — we've actually seen voter participation increase, even in off-election years.
Speaker: joni ernst
About the speaker: Joni Ernst is a Republican senator from Iowa. A former state senator, she won the 2014 GOP primary for an open U.S. Senate seat and defeated Democratic Rep. Bruce Braley in November. She was sworn into Congress in January 2015, replacing long-time Senator Tom Harkin.
Date: January 23, 2022
Location: iowa
Topics: corrections and updates;elections;voter id laws
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Ernst said voter turnout has gone up in Iowa since the state’s Republican-led Legislature enacted tighter voting laws. The numbers confirm the .  Voting in 2018 was done in Iowa with less time than in previous years for absentee ballots and a required picture ID because of a 2017 state law. The same was  in 2019. The 2021 off-year turnout was a record after more changes that reduced the time for casting absentee ballots from 29 days to 20 days. Turnout reached records for off-year elections, thanks in large part to combining school and local elections, elections officials say. Turnout reached an all-time record with the 2020 presidential election, too, although special efforts to get voters to cast absentee ballots during the pandemic in 2020 figure into that year’s turnout. We rate this  . EDITOR'S NOTE : We updated this story Jan. 27 to clarify information about Iowa's voter ID requirements.
Statement: Ethnic Russians face "genocide perpetrated by the Kyiv regime.
Speaker: vladimir putin
About the speaker: Vladimir Putin is the president of Russia.
Date: February 24, 2022
Location: national
Topics: human rights;crime;foreign policy;military;ukraine;russia
Context: an address to the nation announcing the attack on Ukraine
Fact-check justification: Putin said ethnic Russians in Ukraine face genocide. His ambassador provided  , and international observers found no activities to support the . Civilian deaths have plummeted to less than 1% of what they were in 2014. We rate this .
Statement: Studies suggest the 2017 College Football Playoff Championship game will bring about 1,700 to 1,800 full-time jobs.
Speaker: ken hagan
About the speaker: Ken Hagan is a Hillsborough county commissioner in Florida. He was first elected to the Hillsborough County Board of County Commissioners in November 2002.
Date: December 16, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: jobs;sports
Context: an interview with the 'Tampa Bay Times'
Fact-check justification: Hagan told a reporter he had read reports that suggested the game could result in 1,700 to 1,800 jobs for the region, based on findings after prior NCAA football title games. The reports were loaded with numbers, ranging from 2,400 full- and part-time jobs during the Miami area’s 2012-13 Orange Bowl week to 1,919 specified in a report breaking down Glendale’s 2011 title game. Economists said those kinds of numbers tend to be grossly inflated, and are difficult to parse, especially when the determining factors aren’t well-defined. Even with Hagan’s relatively conservative offhand guess, those experts said the numbers are wide of the goalposts. We rate this statement .
Statement: Busted: Obama is holding secret meetings to overtake the White House
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: June 11, 2018
Topics: elections;fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: We searched Google and Nexis and could not find any credible reports saying that. Redstate Watcher responded to a Facebook message by noting that the story featured "a clickbait title" and criticizing readers and fact-checkers who "pick and choose which words you feel like taking literally and which words you take figuratively." Obama did arrange multiple private meetings with potential Democratic presidential candidates. But the former president was never "busted" for working in secret to "infiltrate" and "overtake" the Trump White House. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says "we know" Erika Harold would "discriminate against a loving gay couple who want to adopt a child, favoring an abusive straight couple instead.
Speaker: kwame raoul
About the speaker: Kwame Raoul is an Illinois state senator and a Democratic candidate for state attorney general in 2018. 
Date: September 4, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: lgbtq
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Raoul’s ad says, "we know" Erika Harold would "discriminate against a loving gay couple who want to adopt a child, favoring an abusive straight couple instead." That attack refers to something Harold allegedly said nearly two decades ago as a 19-year-old Miss Illinois contestant, according to an NBC 5 report. But the sources who said she took that stance remain unnamed and no one has yet come forward publicly or produced further  the comments were made. What’s more, since the NBC story ran in March, Harold has stated repeatedly that although she doesn't recall the long ago exchange, she now "strongly" supports same-sex adoption and fostering. That refutes Raoul’s  that "we know" she would discriminate against a gay couple looking to adopt. We rate his statement .
Statement: Food stamp spending "doubled under President Bush, doubled again under President Obama.
Speaker: tom cole
About the speaker: Rep. Tom Cole, R-Okla., was elected to Congress in 2002. He's a fifth-generation Oklahoman and one of the only Native Americans serving in Congress.
Date: July 16, 2013
Location: national
Topics: children;deficit;families;federal budget;poverty;welfare
Context: an MSNBC interview
Fact-check justification: Cole said food stamp spending "doubled under President Bush, doubled again under President Obama." Agriculture Department numbers back his . Whether that’s  the program requires reform depends on your perspective on government assistance. Even with no change in the law, spending will fall as the economy recovers. Cole got his history right. We rate his  .
Statement: Says a 392-year-old shark was discovered in the Arctic Ocean
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 21, 2020
Topics: animals;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Take home message from the authors of the investigation was that Greenland shark longevity is measured in centuries." The Facebook post shares an authentic image of a Greenland shark, a species scientists believe to be the longest-living vertebrate in the world. But the researcher who took the photo has said the study estimated one shark was at least 272 years old, and could have been as much 512 years old, but no specific age was verified.   The photo is real and the shark is old, but we are not sure of the age. We rate this .
Statement: The Obama administration will give Pennsylvania $160 million to pay for health insurance plans that cover "any legal abortion.
Speaker: national right to life committee
About the speaker: The National Right to Life Committee is an advocacy group that seeks to reduce abortions and end the right to legal abortion.
Date: July 13, 2010
Location: national
Topics: abortion;health care;states
Context: a prepared statement
Fact-check justification: While the Pennsylvania proposal referred to statutes about legal abortion, it also said that "elective abortions are not covered," and that is potentially contradictory. But it's important to keep in mind that this plan is intended to cover older people who have health problems, not young, healthy women who might seek abortions, and that the regulations are being created quickly. In short, we don't see pre-meditated intent to cover elective abortion. And as soon as the issue of abortion was raised, the Obama administration stated that the plans would not be allowed to cover elective abortions and that forthcoming regulations would reflect that. Given those assurances, we rate the National Right to Life Committee's statement .
Statement: Says food stamp growth, while high, lagged the rise in unemployment.
Speaker: anne goodman
About the speaker: Anne Goodman is the executive director and CEO of the Cleveland Foodbank, which provides food for 450 meal sites, shelters and pantries.
Date: December 3, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;poverty
Context: an interview with The Plain Dealer
Fact-check justification: Her comments to The Plain Dealer, and an op-ed column on food aid that she wrote for the newspaper on Dec. 2, were not the first time these numbers have been cited. Goodman mentioned them when she appeared before the U.S. Senate Agriculture Committee on March 7 to discuss the need for food assistance. And Feeding America, a national charity, has cited them in its materials . Goodman’s figures check out entirely. On the -O-Meter, her  rates .
Statement: The National Debt in my first month went down by $12 billion.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 25, 2017
Location: national
Topics: debt
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted, "The National Debt in my first month went down by $12 billion." Trump would be wise to not read too much into this figure, which sounds more noteworthy than it actually is. The national debt fluctuates up and down depending on the day. While the debt is "down" after one month, experts say that trend will reverse and the debt will continue to rise. This factoid is a gross misrepresentation of the state of the debt and the role the new president had in shaping the figure. We rate this  . Update: This post has been updated to include comments from Neil Buchanan and to include Donald Marron's current title.
Statement: An agreement between the city of Chicago and the ACLU caused "virtually all of the rise in homicides" in 2016.
Speaker: jeff sessions
About the speaker: Jeff Sessions is President Donald Trump's Attorney General. He was previously a U.S. Senator from Alabama.
 
Date: October 19, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: guns
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Sessions said an agreement between the city of Chicago and the ACLU caused "virtually all of the rise in homicides" in 2016. His  repeats a finding from a University of Utah study that attributed Chicago’s 2016 murder spike to an agreement between the city and the civil rights group meant to rein in the city’s stop-and-frisk tactics. Chicago’s murder toll did skyrocket that year, though it has declined since. The study has been criticized for its methods and for excluding other factors that could have played a role. There is an element of  in Sessions’ , but it also ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Just like last time, we rate it .
Statement: Says his reform efforts improved performance at all 10 low-performing schools in Palm Beach, Florida.
Speaker: jeffrey hernandez
About the speaker: Jeffrey Hernandez is the chief executive officer of National Academic Educational Partners.
Date: March 23, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: city budget;education;florida
Context: a letter to the Providence School District
Fact-check justification: Jeffrey Hernandez said that after implementing his reform measures, "100% of the [10 lowest performing high schools in Palm Beach] improved their performance as evidenced by all of them receiving a grade of 'C' or higher." He is correct that there was improvement -- those low-performing schools did pull better grades (two went from a D to an A). But that was part of a larger trend, prompted by a change in the grading system, that caused half of all high schools throughout the state to score better. We think that's an key omission, one that Hernandez should be making clear when he talks about his record and one that Providence should have known about when the School Department decided to hire him. We rate his statement  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Says troops recently received "one of the biggest pay raises" ever, and that it was the first pay increase in "more than 10 years.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: December 26, 2018
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: remarks to U.S. troops
Fact-check justification: On his first trip to a war zone as president, Trump told service members that he got them "one of the largest" pay increases ever and said they hadn’t received a raise in over 10 years. That’s . Service members have received pay increases every year, as mandated by federal law, for over three decades and the 2019 increase is set at 2.6 percent. Even if Trump meant that members hadn’t received that large of a raise in over a decade, that would also be . The increase is exceeded by raises in 2008, 2009 and 2010. We rate this  .
Statement: Over the time that President Obama has been in office, we have lost 2.5 million free
enterprise system jobs, and, yet, 500,000 federal government jobs have been
added.
Speaker: pete sessions
About the speaker: Pete Sessions, who represents a Dallas-area district in the U.S. House, was initially elected to Congress in 1996.
Date: July 30, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: economy
Context: the U.S. House
Fact-check justification: And how does Sessions’ statement come out? He nails the drop in private-sector employment, even slightly understating results. At first glance, Sessions’ figure for the increase of 500,000 federal employees seems solid. However, the 500,000 figure greatly overstates reality because temporary census workers account for most of that increase — a pivotal factor his statement doesn’t acknowledge. We rate Sessions’ statement .