chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: President Barack Obama's veto of the Keystone XL pipeline killed "42,000 jobs.
Speaker: tom graves
About the speaker: Tom Graves represents Georgia's 9th Congressional District.
Date: February 24, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: energy;jobs
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Both Democrats and Republicans have spun the numbers on this issue to their advantage. And Graves continues to do that with his statement. Graves statement is accurate and  at the same time. He gets very close to a  on this one, but we thought enough context was missing to take it down a notch. We rate it .
Statement: Making public colleges and universities tuition-free, that exists in countries all over the world, used to exist in the United States.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: February 4, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: education;history
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "Making public colleges and universities tuition free, that exists in countries all over the world, used to exist in the United States." There are at least nine advanced countries that offer free college, including the recent addition of Germany. There was a time in the United States when some public colleges and universities charged no tuition. However, tuition has never been set as a national policy -- it is a decision for each school or state government officials. And some colleges charged tuition dating back to the 1800s. Sanders' statement is accurate but needs clarification. We rate this statement .
Statement: If Joe Biden can't serve his full term, Kamala Harris "cannot by constitutional law become president.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 2, 2020
Location: california
Topics: candidate biography;elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Sarah Duggin, a Catholic University law professor, told us: "Her birth in the United States, to someone other than a member of a foreign diplomatic corps or otherwise not subject to U.S. jurisdiction, makes her a U.S. citizen. … There is no reason to look at where her parents came from, how long her parents were U.S. residents before she was born, or where she was raised. "   Several other fact-checking organizations —  AFP and the Associated Press among them — have also looked into these claims and agree that they are . We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: If President Obama signs the Copenhagen climate change treaty, he "will sign your freedom, your democracy, and your prosperity away forever — and neither you nor any subsequent government you may elect would have any power whatsoever to take it back again.
Speaker: christopher monckton
About the speaker: a conservative activist, former adviser to British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and the Third Viscount Monckton of Brenchley
Date: October 14, 2009
Location: national
Topics: environment;legal issues;foreign policy
Context: St. Paul, Minn
Fact-check justification: Second, the U.S. procedure for ratifying treaties requires consent by a supermajority of the Senate — a steep hurdle. Third, it's hard to envision anything coming out of Copenhagen that would change the United States' bedrock principles of freedom and democracy. And fourth, contrary to what Monckton says, the United States can leave an international agreement. So while it pays to be vigilant about threats to U.S. sovereignty, this one is not the threat that Monckton's rhetoric suggests. So Lord Monckton earns a special ruling — Britches on Fire!
Statement: A proposal to reduce the deficit "involved large tax cuts for the top bracket.
Speaker: paul krugman
About the speaker: Paul Krugman is a columnist for the New York Times and professor of Economics and International Affairs at Princeton University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2008. He describes himself as liberal.
Date: November 14, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;this week - abc news;taxes
Context: "This Week with Christiane Amanpour"
Fact-check justification: It gets rid of exemptions that have diverse effects. Overall, would taxes go down for the higher incomes? It's very difficult to say; even the analysis from the Tax Policy Center can't account for all the effects of such dramatic change. Krugman's comments on the plan on This Week left out a good bit of context. We rate his statement .
Statement: There are tens of thousands of homes right here in California where you turn on the faucet but you can't drink the water.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: June 1, 2016
Location: national
Topics: environment;agriculture;consumer safety;public health;water
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "There are tens of thousands of homes right here in California where you turn on the faucet, but you can't drink the water." But surprisingly, neither the federal nor state governments has a reliable tally for public water supplies, never mind private wells that are not regulated. Clearly California has a lot of polluted water, but in many cases that water can be treated or mixed with unpolluted water to bring the contaminants down to safe levels. Thus, the number of households with undrinkable tap water remains uncertain. Sanders is right about the problem but his assessment of its scope — tens of thousands of households — lacks good data. For that reason, we rate it .
Statement: Gas prices have never been higher, and Exxon Mobil's profits have never been higher.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: December 26, 2007
Location: national
Topics: corporations;energy
Context: Iowa
Fact-check justification: It would have been . But this week, he's just plain . UPDATE: On Feb. 1, 2008, Exxon Mobil announced a $40.6-billion net profit -- a record. But Obama made his statement more than a month earlier and, as we explain above, the company had not released record profits at that time -- nor were gas prices at record highs. So we're going to keep our  ruling, but we will acknowledge that Obama was prescient, at least as it relates to Exxon Mobil's financial performance.
Statement: Under the administration of Gov. Scott Walker, northern Wisconsin's mining economy is moving forward and more people are getting good, high-paying jobs.
Speaker: americans for prosperity
About the speaker: Americans for Prosperity is a conservative group advocates for limited government, free markets and fiscal and regulatory restraint.
Date: October 3, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs
Context: a direct mail flier
Fact-check justification: But that mine is far from being constructed or open. About "maybe 10" well-paid operating engineers have worked there. To be sure, there’s been a boom in the state’s sand mining industry. But that’s not the subject of the statement. We rate the  .
Statement: Obama's Private 'security' Company Sets Up Massive Camps Outside 3 Major Cities.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 14, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A reply said "Google." But there’s no credible information backing Newsfeed USA’s story. If there was any merit to the , it would have been in national and international headlines of legitimate news sources. Newsfeed USA’s post is  and makes a  . We rate it !
Statement: Of the approximately 6 million disenfranchised felons in the United States, "one-quarter are Floridians.
Speaker: desmond meade
About the speaker: Desmond Meade, who lives in Orlando, is president of the Florida Rights Restoration Coalition and chairman of Floridians for a Fair Democracy. He is leading an effort to get a question placed on the 2018 ballot to restore voting rights to certain felons after they have completed their sentences.
 
 
Date: January 15, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: elections;crime
Context: a "BloggingBlackMiami" blog post
Fact-check justification: Meade said that of the approximately 6 million disenfranchised felons in the United States, "one-quarter are Floridians." The numbers come from research done two professors, Uggen and Manza, who concluded that 5.85 million felons couldn’t vote nationally as of December 2010, including 1.5 million in Florida -- about a quarter.  However, part of the researchers’ totals are based on an estimate of ex-cons who have completed their sentences but still can’t vote. We couldn’t find any alternative calculations, but different methods of estimation could reveal different figures. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "wants to raise taxes on African-American owned businesses to as much as nearly 50 percent more than they're paying now.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 25, 2016
Location: national
Topics: small business;taxes
Context: Manchester, N.H
Fact-check justification: Trump said Clinton "wants to raise taxes on African-American owned businesses to as much as nearly 50 percent more than they're paying now." Putting aside the irrelevance of the comment about African-Americans, the campaign never specified exactly how Clinton’s tax plan would do that to anyone. Clinton has proposed some tax increases on higher earners, but barring an extremely unusual case, nothing she has proposed approaches boosting taxes by almost 50 percent. We rate the statement .
Statement: Over 130 legislators in this chamber have endorsed legislation that would bankrupt our nation by providing free taxpayer-funded health care to millions of illegal aliens, forcing taxpayers to subsidize free care for anyone in the world who unlawfully crosses our borders.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 4, 2020
Topics: health care;health check
Context: his State of the Union
Fact-check justification: "But this is the same kind of throwaway line and inflammatory language to thwart serious conversation. The president said Medicare for All would "bankrupt our nation by providing free taxpayer-funded health care to millions of illegal aliens, forcing taxpayers to subsidize free care for anyone in the world who unlawfully crosses our borders." While the program is meant to cover undocumented people, it is, at best, a gross exaggeration to suggest this expense would "bankrupt" the United States, especially since Medicare for All’s overall price-tag looks fairly similar to what we currently spend on health care. (It changes who pays.) We rate this  .
Statement: Says Jose Felix Diaz supports President Donald Trump's "plan to slash Medicare, charge older Americans an age tax and cut coverage for pre-existing conditions.
Speaker: florida democratic legislative campaign committee
About the speaker: The Florida Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee is an affiliated party committee formed to help elect Democrats to the state senate. The committee was formed by Oscar Braynon, leader of the Democrats in the state senate, in 2016. Jeff Clemens later became the leader-designate of the Democrats. Under Florida law 103.092, the leader of each political party conference of the House of Representatives and the Senate may establish a separate, affiliated party committee to support the election of candidates of the leader’s political party. 
Date: August 10, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A Florida Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee TV ad says Diaz supports Trump's "plan to slash Medicare, charge older Americans an age tax and cut coverage for pre-existing conditions." The ad provides no  that Diaz, as a state representative and now a state Senate candidate, has taken stances on the efforts in 2017 by Trump and Republicans in the U.S. House and Senate to repeal or replace Obamacare. Instead, the Democrats point to a series of anti-Obamacare votes Diaz took in the state House years ago that ask Congress to repeal the law and declare opposition to the individual mandate. Those votes aren’t mentioned in the ad, and they obviously don’t address support for the 2017 proposals in Congress that analysts said would hurt some Medicare users and lead to higher costs for older adults and people with pre-existing conditions. Votes by Diaz show that he opposed the federal law while in the statehouse, but that’s not what the Democrats’ ad says. We rate this  .
Statement: Walmart is selling bicycles for $6.95 instead of recycling them.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 19, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: No mention of a $6.95 bike.   The post itself was published on a Facebook account called "Bikes Liquidation," which appears to have no connection to Walmart. The account was created July 17, the same day this post appeared online.   Save your money.   We rate this  .
Statement: Says handing over arrested undocumented youth to ICE "was an unintended consequence" of a 2008 San Francisco policy that she supported.
Speaker: kamala harris
About the speaker: Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States. Harris was elected as a senator from California in 2016. She previously was California’s attorney general from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 until 2011, she was the district attorney of San Francisco. Harris received a bachelor’s degree in political science and economics from Howard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in December. On Aug. 11, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden named Harris as his running mate.
Date: February 24, 2019
Location: california
Topics: immigration;crime;public safety
Context: a podcast
Fact-check justification:    –  The statement is not accurate. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. CORRECTION: An earlier version of this story incorrectly said San Francisco’s policy, before Newsom’s change in 2008, was to refer arrested undocumented youth to ICE only after a criminal conviction. In fact, before the change, the city’s policy was to not refer undocumented youth to ICE at all.
Statement: Governor Gretchen Whitmer spent the past weekend at her VACATION COTTAGE at Birch Lake. Violating her own EXECUTIVE ORDER.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 13, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In a TV interview that aired on April 10, Whitmer discussed the prohibition on visiting second homes. "I would love to be coming up to Elk Rapids, trust me," she said, "but the fact of the matter is, if I got in the car, I have to go to the gas station and I’ll be touching a gas pump." On April 24, Whitmer extended her stay-at-home order , including the travel ban concerning vacation homes, through May 15. There is no  Whitmer visited her family lake house after banning such travel in mid-April.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: The Green New Deal "costs an average American household almost $700,000 through 2029.
Speaker: ben cline
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Ben Cline is a Republican from Virginia's 6th Congressional District extending from Roanoke through Lynchburg and the Shenandoah Valley. He was elected in 2018, succeeding longtime Republican Bob Goodlatte, who did not seek reelection.
Cline was born in Stillwater, Ok. and reared in Rockbridge County, Va. He is a graduate of Bates College and the University of Richmond School of Law. Cline was an assistant Commonwealth's Attorney for Rockingham County and Harrisonburg Virginia from 2007-2013, and then entered private law practice. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 2002-2018.
Date: April 22, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: environment;climate change;taxes
Context: a floor speech
Fact-check justification: Cline said the Green New Deal "costs an average American household almost $700,000 through 2029." The Green New Deal is a set of goals, not detailed policies attached to specific taxes. The $700,000 number comes from a brief that its author, the right-of-center American Action Forum, acknowledges is a preliminary and rough estimate. The analysis did not say an average household would pay an extra $700,000 in taxes. Instead, it estimated a range of possible costs under different scenarios over 10 years and Cline took the highest number.  It’s possible the resolution will eventually lead to specific legislation that can be formally analyzed for potential costs, but at this point, the proposals are murky. So, we rate Cline’s statement .
Statement: Sweden had few COVID deaths in July, despite low vaccination rates, relaxed lockdown rules and low mask compliance.
Speaker: steve deace
About the speaker: Steve Deace hosts a show on the conservative Blaze TV streaming network. 
Date: August 2, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Deace claims that Sweden had few COVID deaths in July, despite low vaccination rates, relaxed lockdown rules and low mask compliance. Sweden has imposed fewer restrictions than other countries and had few deaths in July, but its COVID-19 death rate has been above the U.S. and the EU at various times during the pandemic. Sweden has had more COVID-19 deaths per capita than its neighbors, and infections are rising. The post cherry-picks data from a single month, and leaves out substantial context about Sweden’s COVID-19 experience since the pandemic began. We rate the  .
Statement: The Secure Communities Program and 287(g) immigration programs "were programs that worked" but were "recklessly gutted" by the Obama administration.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 31, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Arizona
Fact-check justification: Trump said Secure Communities and 287(g) immigration programs "were programs that worked" but were "recklessly gutted" by the Obama administration. The programs have led to the removal of criminal immigrants living illegally in the United States, and the Obama administration did scale down their scope. Yet the programs have been criticized for allowing officers to racially profile minorities, a federal judge found Fourth Amendment violations in one of them, and federal reviews have found discriminatory practices in the other. While the programs have removed criminals from streets, they’ve also involved unlawful practices. Given the ambiguity of their outcomes, we rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: Video shows hecklers shouting profanities at President Joe Biden.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 23, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The shouting starts as Biden says, "...on dealing with gun violence. Because make no ." He then says: "Sit down and hear what I have to say. "  The sound of the person heckling Biden in the original video is too faint to understand what he’s saying in the recording, but it’s not a group chanting profanities at the president.   We rate claims that such an outburst happened during this speech .
Statement: Since I took office, over 319,000 new private sector jobs have been created in Georgia with nearly 93,000 of those coming in the past 12 months.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: January 14, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: the governor's State of the State address
Fact-check justification: And, many of the jobs lost in construction and manufacturing are being replaced with lower-paying positions in retail and service industries, according to the state Labor Department. Combined, those factors may account for the public’s worry about a stagnating economy, even when the data shows an increase in jobs. Deal said more than 319,000 private sector jobs were created during his first term. Even if that increase only replaces jobs lost before he took office, the data show his estimates were accurate and even conservative. We rate his statement .