chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Say the ratio of CEO pay to average worker pay in the U.S. is 475 to 1.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 10, 2011
Location: national
Topics: corporations;economy;labor;occupy wall street;workers
Context: postings on Facebook, blogs, and social-media sites
Fact-check justification: This is a textbook example of how claims can spiral out of control on the Internet. Just as conservatives have circulated unfounded claims about President Barack Obama's birth certificate, liberals are spreading this questionable chart. We don’t doubt the chart’s underlying point that the ratio of CEO pay to worker pay is high in the United States, and is likely higher in our free-wheeling economy than it is in the historically more egalitarian nations of Europe. But in its  that the U.S. ratio is 475 to 1, the chart conveys a sense of certitude and statistical precision that simply isn't warranted -- and which is contradicted by the facts. The latest number for the U.S. is 185 to 1 in one study and 325 to 1 in another -- and those numbers were not generated by groups that might have an ideological interest in downplaying the gaps between rich and poor. We rate the  on the U.S. ratio .
Statement: Texas "had the highest level of turnout than ever before in the primary.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: March 14, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: elections
Context: speaking to reporters
Fact-check justification: Abbott said Texas "had the highest level of turnout than ever before in the" 2016 "primary." We don’t know if Abbott was tunnel-visioning raw counts of primary voters or if he was fixed on the 19 percent share of registered voters participating in the Republican primary. By both of these metrics, the 2016 turnout set Texas records. However, percentage turnout across both primaries was previously higher in several years including 2008, 1988 and 1972. This gubernatorial statement also failed to acknowledge that Texas remains among the nation’s lowest-turnout states. On balance, we rate this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: News organizations and sponsors ignored the accomplishments of Kim Rhode, a six-time Olympic medalist, because of her support of the Second Amendment.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 30, 2021
Location: national
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that Rhode was ignored by news organizations and sponsors because she’s an outspoken supporter of the Second Amendment. There is no  to support this. Several prominent news outlets have reported about Rhode’s Olympic accomplishments, as well as her support of gun rights. The sport of shooting often receives less big-name sponsors due to its lack of fanfare, and isn’t about Rhode specifically. She and other shooters have also suggested that the sponsorship issues may be due to an aversion to gun sports.  We rate this .
Statement: On Virginia's new marijuana law: "You can have up to one pound with only a $25 fine.
Speaker: kirk cox
About the speaker: Del. Kirk Cox, R-Colonial Heights, is the majority leader of Virginia's House of Delegates. He was first elected to the House in 1989.
Cox is a retired government teacher in Chesterfield County public schools.
 
Date: April 7, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: criminal justice;drugs
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Cox says that under Virginia’s new marijuana laws, effective July 1, "You can have up to one pound with only a $25 fine." He’s right and we rate his statement .
Statement: Kennedy Center, PBS donated to Democrats after getting COVID-19 stimulus money.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 2, 2020
Topics: campaign finance;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post shared more than 54,0000 times claimed that the Kennedy Center gave $25 million and the corporation that funds PBS gave $5 million to the Democratic Party after the two entities received millions from a federal stimulus law in response to the coronavirus outbreak. Both nonprofits are barred by law from making political contributions and we found no  that they have. We rate the post .
Statement: After 30 years of inaction, we raised fuel standards so that by the middle of the next decade, cars and trucks will go twice as far on a gallon of gas.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 6, 2012
Location: national
Topics: environment;energy
Context: Charlotte, N.C
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "After 30 years of inaction, we raised fuel standards so that by the middle of the next decade, cars and trucks will go twice as far on a gallon of gas." The Obama administration launched new fuel efficiency standards that significantly raise the bar for automakers over the next decade. But the rules, which raise standards from their 1985 levels, grew from a bipartisan law requested and signed by Bush. We’ll give Obama credit for pushing for a long-term agreement with aggressive goals and working with automakers who say they’ll get it done. But he’s on shakier ground when he gives the impression his administration was solely responsible. We rate his  .
Statement: President Barack Hussein Obama kept 33 million pages of documents, much of them classified. How many of them pertained to nuclear? Word is, lots!
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 12, 2022
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: a statement to the media
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "President Barack Hussein Obama kept 33 million pages of documents, much of them classified. How many of them pertained to nuclear? Word is, lots!" Trump is . News reports starting in 2016 showed that the National Archives and Records Administration would oversee transfer of Obama’s presidential records. The agency announced it would digitize the records and that classified records were sent to a facility in College Park, Maryland. Obama does not have them. We rate this statement ! RELATED : Could Trump argue he declassified the documents found in the Mar-a-Lago search? RELATED : Have people been prosecuted for mishandling White House records? RELATED : Comparing Hillary Clinton’s emails and Donald Trump’s boxes of files RELATED : Can Donald Trump run for president if charged and convicted of removing official records?
Statement: Doctor proves masks don't work" by vaping through them.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 31, 2020
Topics: corrections and updates;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A widely shared Facebook post that includes a video clip claims that a "doctor proves masks don’t work" by showing vapor from an electronic cigarette passing through a mask. Experts say the fact that masks allow e-cigarette vapor to pass through provides no  to back the . They say face coverings offer protection against COVID-19 by blocking larger respiratory droplets, as well as aerosols, that can carry the virus and pass between people. The CDC and other public health experts recommend mask wearing. We rate the  . UPDATED, Feb. 9, 11 a.m. ET: This story was updated to include additional context on how masks work.
Statement: From a standpoint of the county government, neither school system has received an increase in funding over the past six years.
Speaker: martavius jones
About the speaker: A graduate of Memphis Central High and Howard University, Jones is president and financial advisor for Jones Wealth Managament Group. He was a leader in the move to force consolidation with suburban schools by surrendering the Memphis City Schools charter and serves on the county's schools merger Transition Planning Commission.
Date: July 13, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: county budget;county government;education;taxes
Context: the Morning."
Fact-check justification: Ritz may well have a point -- schools officials do bemoan the static local funding even while receiving increases from its chief funding source, the state. But Jones is right -- because the county has not increased schools funding since the 2008 fiscal year, this 2013 fiscal year marks a sixth straight year the county has declined to increase its funding of schools. We rule his statement .
Statement: Says Indiana Gov. Mike Pence "provides zero state funding for homeless shelters.
Speaker: us uncut
About the speaker: US Uncut is an activist group that ties corporate tax avoidance to shortages of funds to pay for social services.
Date: March 31, 2015
Topics: housing;state budget;punditfact
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The activist group US Uncut said Gov. Mike Pence provided zero state funding for homeless shelters. While the state budget and summaries from the experts and staffers we contacted confirmed that, it’s really an approach of the Indiana state government more than that of any particular person. Advocates say the state has never funded homeless shelters, a de facto policy that includes the consent of both the Legislature and former Democratic governors. We rate the  .
Statement: Texas Republicans just voted to give a Republican appointee the power to single-handedly CANCEL election results in the state's largest Democratic county.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 2, 2023
Location: texas
Topics: elections
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said "Texas Republicans just voted to give a Republican appointee the power to single-handedly CANCEL election results in the state’s largest Democratic county." The post cites Senate Bill 1993, which directs the secretary of state — who is a Republican appointee — to order a new election if at least 2% of polling places ran out of ballots. The bill passed the state Senate but would apply only to a county with at least 2.7 million voters, which translates to only left-leaning Harris County. But the House has not yet voted on the bill. And the post omits that the legislation was prompted by Election Day ballot shortages in Harris County.  We rate this statement . RELATED : All of our fact-checks about Texas
Statement: Says for the first time in the history of the United States, the government cut taxes during wartime
Speaker: cory booker
About the speaker: Cory Booker is a senator from New Jersey. He was first elected to the Senate in 2013, making him the first African-American senator from New Jersey and the first African-American elected to the Senate since Barack Obama in 2004. Booker served as mayor of Newark from 2006 until 2013. He has a bachelor's degree in political science and a master’s degree in sociology from Stanford University, an honors degree in United States history from The Queens College as a Rhodes Scholar and a J.D. from Yale Law School. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and suspended his campaign in January 2020.
Date: July 6, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: afghanistan;bush administration;corrections and updates;iraq;taxes
Context: an interview on NPR’s “Tell Me More” with Michel Martin
Fact-check justification: Since the start of the "war of terrorism," taxes have only gone down -- first under Bush, then under Obama. We rate Booker’s statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com . CORRECTION: This item has been updated to reflect that the economic stimulus package signed by President Barack Obama included hundreds of billions of dollars in tax breaks, not hundreds of millions.
Statement: The soda tax can make a difference by reducing consumption of unhealthy soda pop and sugary beverages.
Speaker: michael bloomberg
About the speaker: Michael Bloomberg was mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013. The billionaire co-founded Bloomberg LP, a financial information and media company, in 1981. On Nov. 24, 2019, he announced his candidacy for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on March 4, 2020.
Date: September 18, 2017
Location: illinois
Topics: health care;medicaid;public health;taxes
Context: a website
Fact-check justification: Bloomberg said Cook County’s sweetened beverage tax can bring health benefits by "reducing consumption of unhealthy soda pop and sugary beverages." Cook County is only the sixth jurisdiction in the U.S. to enact a sweetened drink tax since Berkeley, Calif., enacted the first one in March 2015. That means there’s been very little formal research on their effects, which makes proving or disproving Bloomberg’s  difficult. Academic research in Berkeley and on Mexico’s soda tax has shown declines in sales, however. Anecdotal  from tax opponents in Illinois appears to show the same here, as does a recent marketing report in Philadelphia. Studies using modeling schemes to project health outcomes based on reduced consumption also tilt in Bloomberg’s favor. Cook County’s soda tax may not survive long enough to become part of the extended field study needed to judge the health effects of similar efforts nationwide. But there’s enough  out there to rate Bloomberg’s statement .
Statement: Joe Biden's eyes were black during the debate because he was wearing Mojo Vision lenses.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 30, 2020
Topics: technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: However, the first version of the lens "will most likely be a base model containing a core set of features for people with vision impairments," according to Fast Company. More importantly for this fact check: the Mojo Vision said they wouldn’t be ready for two to three years.   We rate this  ! This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Says proponents of a bond package for the Austin school district say the district has the second-lowest bond tax rate "among the Central Texas area school districts.
Speaker: league of women voters of the austin area
About the speaker: The League of Women Voters of the Austin Area is a nonpartisan group that doesn't support or oppose any candidate or cause. It publishes voter guides describing ballot issues and presenting information about candidates for elected office.
Date: April 28, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: education;taxes
Context: a Voters Guide
Fact-check justification: Bond proponents say the Austin school district has the second-lowest bond tax rate "among the Central Texas area school districts." Austin’s debt or bond rate is lower than the rates in most of about 30 Austin-area districts. But seven districts have lower rates--and while we'd agree these small,  rural districts should rarely rate direct comparison to the larger Austin district, they are indisputably in Central Texas. (President Johnson would guffaw at the notion that Johnson City is anywhere else.) We rate this partly accurate  as .
Statement: Says there's a "100-year-old international norm not to use chemical weapons.
Speaker: debbie wasserman schultz
About the speaker: Debbie Wasserman Schultz became the chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee in 2011 and resigned in July 2016. The Florida Democrat was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004 after serving in the state senate. She represents Congressional District 23 in Broward and Miami-Dade counties.
Date: September 2, 2013
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;history;human rights;foreign policy;military
Context: a CNN interview
Fact-check justification: Wasserman Schultz mentioned on CNN a "100-year-old international norm not to use chemical weapons." An international peace conference at The Hague before World War I did take up the use of chemical weapons, limiting their use between world powers more than 100 years ago. But disagreement about whether their use was humane led the American representative to hold out. Backlash after atrocities during World War I led to even broader international condemnation in 1925, nearly 90 years ago. Yet there weren't votes in the U.S. Senate to ratify that agreement until the 1970s. Now most of the world agrees such weapons ought to be eliminated entirely. But it was a long slog to get there. World powers did reach some international agreement against chemical weapons more than 100 years ago, though the context requires some clarification. We rate Wasserman Schultz’s  . CLARIFICATION: This article was updated to reflect that though gas projectiles hadn't been fully developed for practical use at the time of the Hague Declaration, some use of chemicals as weapons predated the 1899 agreement. Also, Syria didn't ratify the Geneva Protocol until 1968.
Statement: Paul Ryan has blocked all action to strengthen our gun laws.
Speaker: giffords
About the speaker: Giffords is a section 501(c)(4) issue advocacy organization, and Giffords PAC is a federal political committee. The organization which fights gun violence is named for former U.S. Rep. Gabby Giffords of Arizona. Giffords was originally a registered Republican and later elected as a Democrat. She served in Congress from 2006 to 2012. On Jan. 8, 2011, Giffords was shot while meeting with constituents in her hometown of Tucson, Arizona. The shooter killed six people and wounded 13 others. 
 
Date: March 13, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: government regulation;guns
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: The anti-gun violence political action committee cited a dozen gun-control measures that didn’t get to a vote in the House. So, it’s clear that Ryan did not move to bring those measures to the floor. But that’s not the same as Ryan himself blocking the measures, given that other lawmakers, such as committee chairs, also have such power. Also, a bill that would strengthen background checks did pass the House -- although it also expanded gun rights, by making it legal for licensed concealed carry holders to bring guns across state lines. We rate the statement .
Statement: Nearly 20% of our residents" are born abroad.
Speaker: city of austin
About the speaker: Austin, the capital of Texas, is a city in Central Texas.
Date: November 8, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;city government;families;race and ethnicity;population
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: A City of Austin official said, "Nearly 20 percent of our residents" are born abroad. Such residents made up 19.3 percent of the city’s population in the 2007-11 period covered by a federal survey. We rate the statement as .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: White House 'Resistance' mole a fake – NY Times admits they were trolled
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 7, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The New York Times does not have an editor with that name. While the America’s Last Line of Defense websites call themselves satire , TheLibertyNews.us did not include a disclaimer on its home page or on the story. We’ve fact-checked other stories featuring Art Tubolls — recently he’s appeared as Michael Jordan’s spokesman and as the CEO of Comedy Central. He’s neither, and he’s not the author of the op-ed, either. We rate this  !
Statement: Says opponent David Dewhurst is a "career politician.
Speaker: tom leppert
About the speaker: Tom Leppert, who unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. Senate in 2012, served as mayor of Dallas from June 2007 to early 2011. He previously worked in business, also serving as CEO of The Turner Corporation, the nation's largest general building company, according to the biographical material on his campaign website.
Date: July 19, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a campaign statement
Fact-check justification: Of Dewhurst, McCarty said a dozen years in politics "for somebody that age doesn’t strike me as your typical career politician." In contrast, he said, a Dewhurst predecessor as lieutenant governor, Bob Bullock, started in politics as a young man and was absolutely a career politician. Our take: Dewhurst may be into his second (or third or fourth) career. But he’s held office less than a third of his adult life. We rate Leppert’s statement .
Statement: Says allegations that he made unwanted sexual advances on a female sheriff's deputy "were found by two separate judges to not have merit.
Speaker: scott jones
About the speaker: Sacramento County Sheriff Scott Jones is the Republican challenger in California's 7th District Congressional race.
Date: August 22, 2016
Location: california
Topics: legal issues
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Republican congressional candidate Scott Jones recently claimed that allegations he made unwanted sexual advances on a young, female sheriff’s deputy "were found by two separate judges to not have merit." News coverage, including a Sacramento Bee fact check, found the allegations by the deputy never advanced to trial for procedural reasons. It also found there’s no  in the court record that a judgement was made on the merits of the claims. A spokesman for the Jones campaign acknowledged that no judge has ever stated in court that the claims had no merit. Without any  to point to, Jones and his campaign ask the public to make a leap of faith about the candidate’s , and interpret what the judges might have been thinking. We can’t make that assumption. We rate Jones’ statement .    –  The statement is not accurate. Click here for   more   on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/df361b33-c638-481c-9e11-a3976a2bce3a