chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Half of all hospitalized seniors are suffering from malnutrition so severe that it either caused their illness or it prevents them from getting better.
Speaker: meals on wheels of rhode island
About the speaker: Meals on Wheels of Rhode Island deals with nutrition and hunger issues among the elderly in Rhode Island. Since 1969 it has been serving nearly 2,000 meals each day.
Date: April 18, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: health care;poverty
Context: a fundraising letter
Fact-check justification: Meals on Wheels of Rhode Island, in a fundraising letter, said: "In fact, half of all hospitalized seniors are suffering from malnutrition so severe that it either caused their illness or it prevents them from getting better." To determine a ruling, we broke the statement into three parts. First, are half of all hospitalized seniors suffering from malnutrition? We found papers and studies that included malnutrition rates among hospitalized elderly of about 40 percent to 60 percent, either at admission to the hospital or during their stays, in the range that Meals on Wheels cited. (Other studies and papers, many of them conducted in Europe, gave a wider percentage range). Second, is the malnutrition so severe it caused their illness? We found nothing to support this. Third, is their malnutrition so severe it prevents them from getting better? We found research showing that malnutrition can make someone susceptible to other illnesses and contribute to longer hospitalization. But we found nothing to support  the  that the malnutrition prevented them from recovering. Malnutrition among the elderly is clearly a serious problem. But this statement goes beyond what the  shows. The judges rule it   .
Statement: Says Leah Vukmir "claimed the open records law didn't apply to her, got sued, lost and cost taxpayers $15,000 in legal fees.
Speaker: club for growth
About the speaker: The Club for Growth is an anti-tax group.
Date: July 12, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;transparency
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: If she had won, legislators would be able to ignore open records law. So, Vukmir did  the open records laws did not apply to her. She was sued. And she did rack up $15,000 in legal fees. We rate this  as .
Statement: Pope Francis uses a modest compact car to get around, while Creflo Dollar drives an expensive sports car.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 1, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: religion
Context: Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: A viral image making its way around social media purports to show Pope Francis getting around town in a small compact sedan, while Georgia’s megachurch pastor Creflo Dollar zips along in a stylish two-seater sports car. The roadster driver is actually rapper Kanye West, making the image clearly . Even the context – trying to draw distinction between a supposedly humble servant of God with an apparently audacious one – ignores that both the Pope and Dollar have ready access to lavish luxuries. We rate this  .
Statement: I balanced the budget for four straight years, paid off $405 billion in debt.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: December 15, 2011
Location: national
Topics: deficit;federal budget;history
Context: Sioux City, Iowa
Fact-check justification: Gingrich was off on both claims concerning the budget. The budget was indeed balanced for four years, but it’s a stretch for him to take credit for more than two of those years. As for paying off $405 billion in debt, the data we found shows the debt actually increased during Gingrich’s four-year tenure as speaker by more than $800 billion. We rate Gingrich’s  .  https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/322a0d22-442b-41c1-9415-76fe52d38a5e
Statement: Says Marco Rubio voted "against every bill that would have helped keep our families safe. He even voted against a bipartisan measure, introduced by a Republican, to prevent people on the no-fly list from purchasing guns.
Speaker: patrick murphy
About the speaker: Patrick Murphy won his first seat in 2012 for the U.S. House of Representatives representing District 18 in Florida. Murphy lost a U.S. Senate race against Marco Rubio in 2016. 
Date: September 15, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: terrorism;guns
Context: a campaign statement
Fact-check justification: Murphy said Rubio voted "against every bill that would have helped keep our families safe. He even voted against a bipartisan measure, introduced by a Republican, to prevent people on the no-fly list from purchasing guns." Murphy overstates the situation when he says Rubio voted against "every" bill that came up after the Orlando massacre. Rubio voted for Republican-sponsored legislation about background checks and adding restrictions to individuals on the terrorist list.  Murphy has a point that Rubio voted against a Republican-sponsored, bipartisan measure to ban people on the no-fly list from buying weapons. However, this ad omits that Rubio supported a separate Republican measure that also banned people on the no-fly list from buying guns but required a court hearing before the person was banned from buying a gun. Murphy's statement contains an element of  but omits important facts to create a  picture. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/a7895d6b-db52-4212-8f81-a9a54a7976ba
Statement: The expiration of the Bush-era tax cuts ... would be the biggest tax increase in the history of the country, about $4.6 trillion over 10 years.
Speaker: charles bass
About the speaker: Charlie Bass is a U.S. representative from New Hampshire.
Date: April 3, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview with the editorial board of the 'Telegraph.'
Fact-check justification: Rather, the debate centers largely on whether to extend the tax breaks for the nation’s highest earners, those taking in $200,000 or more a year. If those cuts were allowed to expire, it would mean a tax increase of about 0.4 percent of GDP, far less than Bass’ . Our ruling: The trillions of dollars at stake this year with the expiration of the Bush-era tax cuts place them among the nation’s most costly. But, a historical review of other tax legislation show the cuts, if allowed to expire, would still amount to less than half the percentage of the Gross Domestic Product that World War II spending bills took on. We rate this  .
Statement: We need to realize that people who think that 'well, maybe if we could just implement tougher gun laws, it's going to solve it,' Chicago and LA and New York disprove that thesis.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: May 25, 2022
Location: illinois
Topics: guns;texas
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Abbott said Chicago, New York City and LA are all examples of how tough gun laws do not work. While Chicago’s gun laws may be more strict than some states, Abbott’s statement ignores how regulations have been weakened after federal court reversals of the city’s once-tougher restrictions. He also ignores how the majority of firearms in Chicago are coming from neighboring states where gun laws more reflect those of his own state, illustrating the impact of the lack of national regulation.  States like New York and California with lower gun death rates are for the most part surrounded by states with tougher gun laws. We rate this  .   – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.
Statement: Beer drinking is not allowed in any Illinois state parks.
Speaker: howard marklein
About the speaker: Howard Marklein of Spring Green represents the 17 district in the Wisconsin State Senate.
Date: March 3, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget
Context: a budget hearing
Fact-check justification: So we’ve got plenty of reasons for visitors to escape to Wisconsin and -- with budget troubles -- perhaps even a new reason to charge them more. But the pleasure of a cold beer on a hot summer night isn’t among them. Our rating Marklein wants to boost state parks’ charges for out of state residents, and -- noting how many people from Illinois come to Wisconsin -- he claimed visitors can’t drink in state parks in Illinois. But you can drink in  more than half of the parks in that state. We rate Marklein’s  .
Statement: Only a few months ago the FBI arrested three Broward County Commissioners for accepting millions of dollars in trade for illegal favors.
Speaker: jeff kottkamp
About the speaker: Jeff Kottkamp is a former Florida lieutenant governor. He campaigned to be Florida Attorney General and was defeated in the Republican primary on Aug. 24, 2010.
Date: July 30, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: crime
Context: a position paper on his campaign website
Fact-check justification: Bishop said that the page was initially posted in February 2010 -- that was a few months after the September arrests of Eggelletion, Gallagher and Salesman. In total, Kottkamp's  -- up on his website for about six months -- was . Only time will tell if any other members of the Broward County Commission get arrested. Kottkamp's staff gets kudos for fixing it promptly, but it was  since February. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Texas state funds were spent on "a TV series on spouses cheating on their wives, kind of glorifying the act of cheating.
Speaker: jodie laubenberg
About the speaker: Jodie Laubenberg, who represents a Collin County district, has been a Texas House member since 2003.
Date: April 4, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: economy;marriage;pop culture;state budget
Context: a Texas House floor debate
Fact-check justification: Laubenberg said the state helped fund a show that glorifies cheating spouses. Mild point: The state-supported show, "Cheaters," doesn’t limit itself to exposing cheating spouses. We’re not sure, either, that everyone would agree the show glorifies infidelity, considering its theme is to expose the practice and touch off emotional confrontations. The legislator could have clarified that an intended point of the show is that cheaters are wrongdoers. We rate the  as .
Statement: Congressional lawmakers earn their salaries "FOR LIFE," which for House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi would add up to "$803,700 Dollars a year for LIFE including FREE medical.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: October 15, 2013
Location: national
Topics: congress;federal budget
Context: an email and social media posts
Fact-check justification: A viral message claims congressional lawmakers earn their salaries "FOR LIFE," which for House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi would add up to "$803,700 Dollars a year for LIFE including FREE medical." Lawmakers don’t earn a salary after their terms end. They may earn pensions based on years of service, but those don’t start until retirement. They don’t get "free medical." It might feel good to click Forward. But it wouldn’t make this  any less .
Statement: Prices are going up. Unemployment is continuing to go up.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: May 5, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a presidential debate
Fact-check justification: That’s still high by historical standards, Abbot said, but she quibbles with Paul’s  that unemployment "continues to go up." So do we. We have no qualms with Paul’s price , but unemployment has dropped steadily for four of the last five months. And the labor bureau didn’t report April’s uptick until after Paul made his debate talking point. We rate the statement .
Statement: Immigrants are supposed to "apply for asylum in the country where they are, and then they try to come into the United States.
Speaker: virginia foxx
About the speaker: Virginia Foxx is a Republican member of the House of Representatives from North Carolina.
Date: July 17, 2023
Location: north carolina
Topics: immigration
Context: a committee meeting
Fact-check justification: Foxx said immigrants "apply for asylum in the country where they are, and then they try to come into the United States. They don't come into the United States first, and then apply for asylum," and she suggested that the latter scenario would breach U.S. immigration law.  Foxx’s statement is based on a new, temporary Biden administration rule, but it ignores the requirements of federal law. Migrants must be physically present in the U.S. to apply for asylum, according to the Department of Homeland Security. The new rule encourages migrants to seek asylum in another nation before seeking it in the U.S. — but that doesn’t mean they’re petitioning U.S. asylum in that country. The rule aims to have fewer people apply for asylum in the U.S. if they are granted asylum elsewhere.  The rule also encourages migrants to use a mobile phone app to make appointments with asylum officers based at a port of entry rather than showing up unannounced. Migrants who don’t follow those steps aren’t always barred from entry. They can still have their asylum claims heard — and be released into the U.S. — even if they don’t follow the Biden administration’s guidance. Also, some immigration experts, believing the new rules still violate asylum seekers’ rights, are challenging the rules in court. Foxx’s statement misrepresents how the new rule and the asylum process work, we rate it .
Statement: The White House promised us that all the spending would keep unemployment under 8 percent.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: January 25, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus
Context: a response to the State of the Union
Fact-check justification: As Krugman said, the baseline projection turned out to be way off (most economists at the time underestimated the severity of rising unemployment). Bachmann's  suggests Obama was offering some sort of guarantee the stimulus would keep the unemployment rate below 8 percent. The administration never characterized it that way and included plenty of disclaimers saying the predictions had "significant margins of error" and a higher degree of uncertainty due to a recession that is "unusual both in its fundamental causes and its severity." In short, it was an economic projection with warnings of a high margin for error, not a take-it-to-the-bank pledge of an upper limit on unemployment. So we find Bachmann's  .
Statement: Pfizer CEO's Israel visit canceled because he is not fully vaccinated.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 6, 2021
Topics: israel;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The newspaper reported that "Bourla said in December that he has not yet received the vaccine yet because he does not want to ‘cut in line,’ and would wait until his age group is next in line for getting vaccinated. As such, he has received the first dose but not the second one yet. "  This is old news that is being recirculated in a way that’s , suggesting that Bourla today has not received a COVID-19 vaccine that is now widely available in the United States. That’s , and even when this Jerusalem Post story was written back in March, he had already had his first dose.   We rate claims that Bourla recently canceled an Israel trip because he isn’t vaccinated .
Statement: We have been able to cut New York's uninsured rate in half since 2013 from 10 percent to 5 percent of our population.
Speaker: eric schneiderman
About the speaker: Eric Schneiderman is the state Attorney General of New York. He is a Democrat and former member of the State Senate. 
Date: July 17, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: health care
Context: a speech at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine
Fact-check justification: Schneiderman said "we have been able to cut New York’s uninsured rate in half since 2013 from 10 percent to 5 percent." He’s right on the numbers. The uninsured rate in 2013 was 9.6 percent. The latest data shows it at 5.4 percent in 2016. We rate his  as .
Statement: We're at the point of reaching 2 million deportations ... this is a historic level, more than any other president of the United States.
Speaker: janet murguía
About the speaker: Janet Murguía has served as president of the National Council of La Raza since 2005. The group is the largest national Hispanic civil rights and advocacy group in the country.
Date: March 9, 2014
Location: national
Topics: immigration;corrections and updates;homeland security
Context: an interview on Univision's 'Al Punto'
Fact-check justification: Murguía defended her "deporter-in-chief" nickname for Obama by saying he’s deported more people than any other president. Her office pointed to a set of statistics that counts departures in a different way than what most people would think of as deportations. We looked at statistics that used more a literal definition of deportation. By that standard, Obama is on track to outpace Bush by the end of his term, but he’s not quite there yet, according to Homeland Security data. At nearly 1.6 million deportations, that's still some distance from "approaching 2 million." It’s too soon to say that Obama has deported more people than any other president. But with the information available, it looks like he’s on track to do so. We rate her  .
Statement: The majority of the people that are coming to Arizona and trespassing are now becoming drug mules.
Speaker: jan brewer
About the speaker: Jan Brewer, a Republican, is the former governor of Arizona.
Date: June 25, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;legal issues;marijuana
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Ultimately, Brewer would have been on safe ground if she'd said that drug smuggling and human smuggling have become increasingly intertwined, and that sometimes, illegal immigrants have been coerced into serving as drug couriers. But that's a much more limited  than what she initially said -- that "the majority of the people that are coming to Arizona and trespassing are now becoming drug mules." While the source she eventually cited -- the Los Angeles Times -- says that "sometimes (smugglers) loaded up their human cargo with backpacks full of marijuana," the article doesn't back up her assertion that that "the majority" of illegal immigrants carry drugs into the country. More to the point, Brewer's contention is undercut by both federal prosecution statistics and the accounts of experts we spoke to. So we rate Brewer's statement .
Statement: Under Donald Trump's tax plan, "51 percent of single parents would see their taxes go up.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: November 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a campaign rally
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, under Trump's tax plan, "51 percent of single parents would see their taxes go up." Trump’s proposal would simplify the federal tax code and provide tax cuts for many. But, analysts say, Trump’s plan would make changes that would affect some people negatively. Trump’s proposal to eliminate the head of household filing status and personal exemptions would raise federal income taxes for many single parents. We rate Clinton’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/45507710-0102-420f-8e0b-4b12522480ce
Statement: Preventive care coverage under the Affordable Care Act has already "helped Granite Staters save money and live healthier lives.
Speaker: new hampshire democratic party
About the speaker: The New Hampshire Democratic Party is the Granite State's branch of the Democratic National Committee.
Date: March 26, 2013
Location: new hampshire
Topics: health care
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The New Hampshire Democratic Party claimed that health care reform helped people save money and lead healthier lives. Its list began with better access and use of preventive care. The statement brushes over the mixed outcomes of preventive services.  They can lead to better health for some, but can also result in batteries of tests that have little health effect for many. Likewise, the Affordable Care Act requires many preventive procedures be offered at no cost to patients, which can save individuals some money, but on a system-wide basis many of those practices are wasteful and they always come at some cost. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says that President Obama said that "Small Businesses Succeed Because of Government.
Speaker: chuck fleischmann
About the speaker: From Ooltewah near Chattanooga, Fleischmann is a Univeristy of Tennessee law school graduate who established a law firm, Fleischmann and Fleischmann, with his wife Brenda. They have three sons. He was elected in 2010 after longtime incumbent Zach Wamp chose to run for governor, and won the 2012 GOP primary despite vigorous opposition from dairy industry magnate Scotty Mayfield and Weston Wamp, the son of the former Congressman.
Date: July 17, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: infrastructure;government regulation;small business
Context: a blog post on his campaign website
Fact-check justification: Rep. Fleischmann cherry-picks a quote from President Obama’s remarks to make it appear Obama was being dismissive of businesses and was saying in essence that "small businesses succeed because of government."  But the preceding sentences in Obama’s remarks make clear that he was talking about the importance of government-provided infrastructure and education to the success of private businesses. Fleischmann also ignores Obama's clear summary of his message, that "the point is ... that when we succeed, we succeed because of our individual initiative, but also because we do things together." By leaving out the "individual initiative" reference, Fleischmann has given a  impression. We rate his statement .