chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says the Nike bill "is not a tax break ... this does not lower the taxes that Nike will pay nor does it prevent the Legislature from raising those taxes in the future.
Speaker: john kitzhaber
About the speaker: John Kitzhaber, a Democrat, was governor of Oregon for two terms, starting in 1995. He was inaugurated in 2011 for an unprecedented third term.
He was elected to the Oregon Legislature in 1978, rising to the position of Senate President. He spearheaded the Oregon Health Plan as a legislator and as governor. Kitzhaber graduated from Dartmouth College and the University of Oregon Medical School (now Oregon Health & Science University). He worked as an emergency room physician in Roseburg from 1974 to 1988.
Date: December 13, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: legislative testimony
Fact-check justification: The governor said the bill he was asking the Legislature to pass was not a tax break. That’s , the bill does not reduce Nike’s tax burden. But it’s been clear all along that the governor would use the legislation to ensure the continuance of a sizable tax giveaway for Nike. That is an important clarification. We rate this  .
Statement: There's a hacking conference that's held every year in Las Vegas, where I think a 14- or 15-year old-girl from Florida hacked into a replica of Florida's election system in less than 15 minutes.
Speaker: tulsi gabbard
About the speaker: Tulsi Gabbard is a representative of Hawaii’s 2nd Congressional District. Elected to the office in 2012, Gabbard is the first Samoan-American and first Hindu member of the U.S. Congress. She was re-elected in 2014, 2016 and 2018. Gabbard has also been in active service for more than the past 10 years and has served in the Hawaii Army National Guard. Gabbard received a bachelor’s degree in business administration from Hawaii Pacific University. In 2019, she announced she is running for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: June 28, 2019
Location: national
Topics: elections;technology
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Gabbard said, "There’s a hacking conference that’s held every year in Las Vegas, where I think a 14- or 15-year old-girl from Florida hacked into a replica of Florida’s election system in less than 15 minutes." In less than 15 minutes, two 11-year-olds attending a 2018 hacking convention were able to hack into a website that was made to look similar to the website of the Florida Secretary of State’s Office that reports election results. Despite news reports that used terms such as replica and facsimile, the hacked site was not a copy of the Florida site and did not contain the same security features. Moreover, the site that the hackers meant to target does not include the system that is used for receiving and tabulating actual votes. Gabbard’s loose recollection could leave readers with the  impression about the vulnerability of Florida’s election system. We rate her statement .
Statement: Instagram's "precise location" feature can be used by criminals to target victims.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 25, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The setting works the same for Android phones .   An Instagram post claimed that Instagram’s "precise location" feature can be used by criminals to target victims. Instagram uses location settings for tags and map features. But the app won’t share precise locations or addresses unless users opt to do so. We rate this  .
Statement: Biden and most Democrats want to cap insulin prices at $35 per month. All 50 Republicans in the Senate are opposed to it.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 7, 2022
Topics: congress;health care;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A social media post said that all 50 Senate Republicans are opposed to a proposal by Democrats to cap insulin prices at $35 a month. Republicans did oppose Biden’s much larger Build Back Better plan, of which a $35 per month insulin price cap was one part. But we don’t see that that opposition was specific to the insulin measure. Several Republican senators have proposed or supported legislation meant to lower the cost of insulin in the past.  The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  . Staff researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: If you're from Syria and you're a Christian, you cannot come into this country" as a refugee.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 11, 2015
Location: national
Topics: immigration;foreign policy;religion
Context: Las Vegas
Fact-check justification: Trump said that "if you're from Syria and you're a Christian, you cannot come into this country" as a refugee. This is  on its face -- a small number of Syrian Christians been admitted as refugees over the past nine months -- and also  in spirit, since there is nothing in the United States’ laws or regulations that discriminates against Christian refugees. We rate the  .
Statement: Says the Internal Revenue Service estimated it must hire "16,500 agents at a cost of $10 billion to the taxpayer" to enforce the federal health care overhaul.
Speaker: saxby chambliss
About the speaker: Saxby Chambliss, a Republican, is a United States senator from Georgia
Date: March 28, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: health care;taxes
Context: a letter to a constituent
Fact-check justification: And it didn’t account for overhead costs, which even the ’s supporters acknowledged would likely lower the jobs number. For 2012, the IRS estimate is 1,269,  in non-enforcement roles. Chambliss’ statement that the IRS estimated it must "hire an additional 16,500 agents at a cost of $10 billion to the taxpayer" to implement health care reforms not only repeated an oft-criticized,  . It got the  . We therefore rule Chambliss’ statement .
Statement: The 2009 stimulus bill "failed to get people back to work.
Speaker: eric cantor
About the speaker: Eric Cantor is a former congressman who represented Virginia's 7th District from 2001 to 2014. He rose to House minority whip in 2009 and House majority leader in 2011. Cantor was upset by Dave Brat in the 2014 GOP primary for congress. He is now vice chairman and managing director of Moelis & Company, a global investment bank.
 
 
 
Date: May 26, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: jobs;stimulus
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: A variety of national studies estimate the measure saved or created at least 1.3 million jobs. The reports do not break down how many of the positions were new and how many were existing jobs that didn’t get cut. They do not tell us how many of the jobs were in the private sector and how many were public ones. But they do provide ample  that the stimulus did get people back to work. We rate Cantor’s statement .
Statement: The estimated price of President Trump's border wall is the same as the cost of "one and a half aircraft carriers.
Speaker: scott peters
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Scott Peters is a Democrat from San Diego. He represents California's 52nd Congressional District, which includes much of the coastal and northern stretches of the city of San Diego.
Date: April 24, 2017
Location: california
Topics: immigration;federal budget;homeland security;military
Context: a news article
Fact-check justification: Democratic Congressman Scott Peters recently claimed the estimated price of President Trump’s border wall is the same as the cost of "one and a half aircraft carriers." Peters used a $21.6 billion estimate, citing a leaked report from the Trump Administration’s Department of Homeland Security. That figure is within the $15 billion to $25 billion range produced by a private research firm. Peters referenced the $12.9 billion price tag on the Navy’s newest class of aircraft carriers from a Congressional Research Service report . At this early stage, no one knows how much Trump’s wall will really cost. Partisan sources have it all over the map. And delays and cost-overruns are common for large government projects: Just take a look at California’s massive high-speed rail initiative. But Peters selected what appears to be the best initial estimate from Trump’s own homeland security analysts. If anything, Peters slightly underestimates the 1.67 aircraft carriers the U.S. could build for the cost of Trump’s border wall. We rate Congressman Peters'  .   – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Monkeypox "was created in a lab and given via injection.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 21, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: And it’s not, of course, transmitted in nature that way.   The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The virus primarily occurs in central and west Africa, according to the CDC, often near tropical rainforests, though it has been showing up increasingly in urban areas.   More than 250 confirmed and suspected cases have been found in at least 16 countries, including the United States and Canada. We rate this post .
Statement: One in three American women will have had an abortion by the time she reaches the age of 45.
Speaker: naral pro-choice virginia
About the speaker: NARAL Pro-Choice Virginia is an abortion-rights advocacy group. It is the state chapter of NARAL Pro-Choice America.
Date: May 16, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion
Context: a website post
Fact-check justification: NARAL Pro-Choice Virginia says "one in three American women will have had an abortion by the time she reaches the age of 45." That’s roughly the estimate the Guttmacher Institute made five years ago based on 2008 data. Guttmacher said its estimate would stay solid as long the nation’s abortion rate in 2008 remained constant. The abortion rate has dropped, however, and that draws into question whether the percentage of women who will undergo the procedure at least once also has gone down. The answer is unknown; research has not been updated. Although there’s a basis for NARAL’s , the statistic it cites as fact actually is an estimate that might be outdated. So we rate NARAL’s statement .
Statement: Says Conor Lamb "ran on a campaign that said very nice things about me.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 14, 2018
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: congress
Context: Private fundraiser
Fact-check justification: Trump said Lamb said "very nice things" about him during the recent special election campaign in southwestern Pennsylvania. Lamb ran as a moderate Democrat in a conservative district and avoided openly criticizing the president. At times Lamb showed himself to be in agreement with Trump on certain policy points. But Trump equating this with high praise goes too far in interpreting and exaggerating what Lamb actually said. We found no  of Lamb lavishing praise on the president and instead found  of Lamb repeatedly pivoting away from the subject on the campaign trail. We rate this  .
Statement: Idaho was the only Republican-led state in the nation that chose to partner with President Obama" by creating a state-based marketplace under the Affordable Care Act.
Speaker: russ fulcher
About the speaker: Russ Fulcher is an Idaho state Senator who challenged incumbent Gov. Butch Otter in the 2014 gubernatorial primary.
Date: May 14, 2014
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a gubernatorial debate
Fact-check justification: Fulcher said that "Idaho was the only Republican-led state in the nation that chose to partner with President Obama" by creating a state-based marketplace under the Affordable Care Act. While most states with a Republican governor did refuse to create their own state-run marketplace, Idaho was not the only one. Four other states with Republican governors also created a marketplace that was either fully state-run or was a partnership between the federal government and the state. We rate Fulcher’s  . UPDATE, May 19, 2014, 4:00 p.m.: After our story appeared, the Fulcher campaign responded that they had used a different standard than we did to define the term "Republican-led state." We interpreted it to mean a state with a Republican governor. The campaign, however, says it was only counting states that had all of the following: a Republican governor, a completely Republican-controlled legislature, and support for Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney in 2012. Using that standard would indeed, make the statement correct. However, we don’t think a listener would find that to be the most obvious interpretation of "Republican-led state." In addition, the campaign’s calculations only counted fully state-run marketplaces and excluded the 11 states that use a federal-state partnership for their marketplace, even though Fulcher specifically claimed during the debate that he was talking about states that chose "to partner with President Obama." Our rating stands at .
Statement: The Paris Climate Agreement is "bad for America," because it "does nothing to hold real polluters, like Communist China and India, accountable.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: January 20, 2021
Location: national
Topics: climate change
Context: a statement given to the press
Fact-check justification: Scott said the Paris Climate Agreement is bad for the United States because it fails to hold "real polluters" such as China and India accountable.  People who study the agreement agree that it lacks teeth to hold each country to its carbon dioxide reduction goals. But its rules apply equally to all nations. China and India are treated the same as the U.S.  China emits almost twice as much carbon dioxide as the U.S., but per person, the ranking is flipped, and the U.S. emits twice as much as China. By both standards, India emits much less than either country. The Paris agreement lacks strict enforcement, but Scott’s comparisons to China and India are . We rate this  .
Statement: RNC version of a Hillary Clinton valentine: "Roses are red, violets are blue, I'll raise your taxes and there is nothing you can do.
Speaker: republican national committee
About the speaker: The Republican National Committee is the national arm of the Republican Party.
Date: February 11, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: an RNC Web site feature where you can send a GOP valentine from your favorite Democrat
Fact-check justification: (a Clinton card offering) or "Will you be my Valentine? Yes ... no ... present" (a shot at Obama's voting record in the Illinois state Senate). Or consider adding fact sheets with footnotes to its Valentines. For this day, it's  .
Statement: Says D.C. police officer Michael Fanone is the same person who was arrested after carrying a Confederate flag through the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 28, 2021
Topics: congress;criminal justice;facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: Instagram and Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: But around the same time on Jan. 6, Seefried was inside the Capitol. According to court filings , Seefried confirmed in a voluntary interview with the FBI that he had entered the Senate building through a broken window at approximately 2:13 p.m., and that he had brought a Confederate flag to Washington from his home in Delaware, where he usually displays it outside. And while the photograph of Seefried in the social media posts shows him wearing a sweatshirt and a coat, Fanone was in "full uniform" at the Capitol, he testified. Court documents in the case against another man who allegedly assaulted Fanone confirm that he was dressed that way. We rate the posts !
Statement: The Green New Deal "would do away with commercial air travel.
Speaker: andrew yang
About the speaker: Andrew Yang filed paperwork with the New York City Campaign Finance Board Dec. 23 which allows him to explore a bid for mayor in 2021. Yang is an entrepreneur and founder of Venture for America New York. Yang received a bachelor’s degree in economics from Brown University and a J.D. from Columbia Law School. In 2017, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in February 2020.
Date: September 4, 2019
Location: national
Topics: environment
Context: a town hall
Fact-check justification: Yang said the Green New Deal "would do away with commercial air travel." The resolution makes no mention of ending air travel. Instead, it calls for "overhauling transportation systems," which includes "investment in high-speed rail." His  may trace back to a Republican talking point, based on a messaging document from Democrats that mentioned, perhaps in jest, getting rid of "farting cows and airplanes." But we found no  that getting rid of airplanes is a serious policy idea from climate advocates. We rate this statement .
Statement: Man sues McDonalds for still being depressed after eating happy meal.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 20, 2023
Topics: after the fact
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The story originated on a self-described "satire news and humor website" that publishes "fiction. "  The supposed depressed man who sued McDonald’s? Ruben Caradehuevo, whom the story quotes as saying, "Even an hour after finishing my food, I still was depressed. So I decided to sue McDonalds." We rate claims that this is an authentic story !
Statement: David Perdue voted with liberals" for $10 trillion "in new debt, his out-of-control federal spending is driving inflation through the roof.
Speaker: brian kemp
About the speaker: Brian Kemp, a Republican, was elected governor of Georgia in 2018. Previously, he served as secretary of state.
Date: May 10, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: debt;federal budget;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Kemp said in an ad that Perdue "voted with liberals" for $10 trillion "in new debt, his out-of-control federal spending is driving inflation through the roof." Debt rose about $10 trillion during Perdue’s time as a U.S. senator, but it didn’t accumulate only from votes by "liberals" to increase spending; much of the increase came from bipartisan votes and automatic spending by programs such as Medicaid and Medicare.  In addition, there are multiple causes for inflation, and some experts pointed to spending approved after Perdue left office as a key cause. Kemp’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . RELATED: Fact-checking ads in the 2022 elections RELATED: Fact-checks about Georgia
Statement: The National Parks Service posted about children who have been freed from human traffickers.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 9, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Among them: adrenochrome, a chemical compound produced by the oxidation of adrenaline. Adrenochrome features heavily in QAnon conspiracy theories espousing the baseless idea that a global cabal of pedophiles is harvesting the chemical from children’s blood to stay young and healthy.   Mammoth Cave isn’t such a hostage site. It’s one of Earth’s most extensive cave systems , twice as long as any known cave with more than 365 miles of surveyed passageways. We rate this post !
Statement: Workers in the United States are making less than they were almost 20 years ago, and yet they are working harder.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 13, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;workers
Context: West Palm Beach, Fla
Fact-check justification: Trump said that "workers in the United States are making less than they were almost 20 years ago, and yet they are working harder." Adhering strictly to Trump’s language, he’s  —median, inflation-adjusted wages are higher now than they were for 18 out of the 20 previous years, and hours worked are lower now than in any previous year except for the aftermath of the Great Recession. That said, it doesn’t take too many tweaks to Trump’s language to make the  accurate, either by changing the statistic in question or changing the time frame. We rate the statement .
Statement: The [Obama] administration's regulatory assault on coal-fired energy has put thousands of Americans out of work
Speaker: roy blunt
About the speaker: Roy Blunt is the junior U.S. senator from Missouri. He was formerly a U.S. representative from Missouri’s 7th district, and served for six years as the Republican whip in that chamber.
Date: January 15, 2016
Location: missouri
Topics: environment;energy;jobs
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Blunt said the Obama administration’s regulations have caused thousands of workers in the coal industry to lose their jobs. While the decline in coal industry employment is real, the role of administration policy is less certain. Experts note that competition from abundant, cheap natural gas has reduced the demand for coal more than any other factor. With less demand, the need for workers falls. While the administration has encouraged movement away from coal for environmental reasons, market forces in the energy sector have been the dominant driver. While it is impossible to know how utility costs will rise or fall in the future, the study on which Blunt based his claims was conducted before the Clean Power Plan was enacted. Blunt’s  overemphasizes the role of White House policy. We rate the statement .