chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: A recent Department of Labor study guessed Wall Street fees cost a worker 28 percent of the value of your plan over the span of your career.
Speaker: rachel maddow
About the speaker: Rachel Maddow is the host of MSNBC’s “The Rachel Maddow Show”. She formerly hosted a radio program of the same name on the defunct Air America network.
Date: October 19, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;pundits;retirement
Context: a segment on The Rachel Maddow Show
Fact-check justification: Maddow declared, "a recent Department of Labor study guessed Wall Street fees cost a worker 28 percent of the value of your plan over the span of your career." But what she was quoting was not a study -- but a scenario using higher than normal fees. Maddow's statement made it sound as if the typical worker, or at least a great many of us, lose a third of our retirement savings to plan management fees. Economists tell us that’s not the case. So Maddow correctly reflected the Labor Department's hypothetical scenario in which fees would seriously erode retirement savings. But it didn't reflect the reality most workers with retirement savings accounts face. In reality, returns on investment, the number of years the money is invested and even the fees vary greatly. The study by Deloitte Consulting and the Investment Company Institute that surveyed actual fees paid by plans found the median 401(k) fee is 0.72 percent -- or about half of the rate used in the Labor Department's example. We take Maddow’s larger point -- that these unseen fees can  a lot of money from people who don’t have it to spare. But the numbers that she uses to make the point reflect higher fees than most people pay. So we rate her  .
Statement: Video shows that Royal Canadian Mounted Police investigators determined that "dozens of wildfires in Canada" were caused by arson in 2023.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 16, 2023
Topics: fires;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Troy Savinkoff, a spokesperson with the RCMP in Alberta, told us that suspected human-caused fires are considered suspicious fires. An example of a suspicious fire that wasn’t an arson case? Someone stole fireworks and launched them from a moving vehicle, starting a fire, Savinkoff said. But the person wasn’t trying to cause the fire, and the case wasn’t considered an arson. We rate the  that the RCMP concluded that dozens of recent wildfires were caused by arson in 2023 .
Statement: New data shows in-person learning isn't driving spikes in cases.
Speaker: mike gallagher
About the speaker: Republican Mike Gallagher of Green Bay was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in November 2016. He is the senior global market strategist at Breakthrough Fuel, a Green Bay supply chain fuel management company. Gallagher previously served as a human intelligence and counterintelligence officer in the U.S. Marine Corps. He was a foreign policy aide to GOP Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker's 2016 presidential campaign.  
Date: December 7, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;public health;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Gallagher said, "New data shows in-person learning isn't driving spikes in cases." Indeed, research from an array of sources in October and November show in-person instruction has not been tied to increased cases in those areas. Key leaders including Fauci have acknowledged classroom instruction caused fewer issues than expected, leading him to support a shift away from virtual learning. We rate this  .
Statement: Thirteen hundred" applicants in Rhode Island signed up for insurance through Obamacare.
Speaker: sheldon whitehouse
About the speaker: Sheldon Whitehouse is a Democratic U.S. Senator from Rhode Island.
Date: October 10, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: health care;public health;states
Context: an appearance on CNN's "Crossfire."
Fact-check justification: In a televised debate on the evening of Oct. 10, Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse said 1,300 applicants in Rhode Island had signed up for insurance through Obamacare; his debate opponent, Sen. Ted Cruz, cited a lower number for Rhode Island: 580. Cruz's statement was clearly . Five days earlier, the number of processed applications had already hit 786, according to HealthSource RI. The number at the time "Crossfire" aired was 1,479. If Whitehouse had said his 1,300 number was a day old, we would give him . But he was off by a day, so he gets a  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Anti-poaching organizations dye elephant tusks and rhino horns with "the same pink dye that is used to mark stolen banknotes.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 2, 2020
Topics: environment;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says that rhino horns and elephants are being marked with "the same pink dye that is used to mark stolen banknotes" to prevent poaching.  The photos on this post are doctored. Although some organizations have experimented with infusing rhino horns with a mixture of poison and dye, conservationists say that staining the outside of tusks and horns would be ineffective and impractical. And there’s no method that involves the dye used for marking banknotes. We rate this post . ​
Statement: There's not a single, solitary example that" signing the bill to end Glass-Steagall "had anything to do with the financial crash.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: August 11, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;financial regulation
Context: an interview with Inc. magazine
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "There's not a single, solitary example that" signing the bill to end Glass-Steagall "had anything to do with the financial crash." By focusing on the bill that officially repealed Glass-Steagall, Clinton's statement ignores the fact that the demise of Glass-Steagall took place over decades, amid a deregulatory push in which the Clinton administration played a role. By the time the law to repeal hit his desk, Glass-Steagall had been whittled down so much that it wasn’t very meaningful. It's a matter of debate how much of a role the overall demise of Glass-Steagall had in causing the financial crisis, but we couldn't find any economists who argue that the regulation was the sole linchpin keeping the financial system stable until its official repeal in 1999. Overall, we rate Clinton’s  .
Statement: Says small businesses "make up 98.9 percent of all businesses in the state and employ nearly half of the state's private sector workforce" and "almost never receive a penny of government money.
Speaker: richard corcoran
About the speaker: Richard Corcoran is Florida's appointed education commissioner. He was elected to the state House in 2010 and served as House Speaker 2016-2018.
Date: April 3, 2017
Location: florida
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Corcoran said small businesses "make up 98.9 percent of all businesses in the state and employ nearly half of the state's private sector workforce" and "almost never receive a penny of government money." No matter the definition, small businesses in Florida make up the majority of all businesses in the state. Corcoran’s specific numbers are accurate if a small business is defined as any firm with fewer than 500 employees. However, by that 500-employee metric, it is not the case that small businesses "almost never" receive government money. While large firms get the majority of incentives, firms that employ between 1 to 499 people in Florida were awarded almost 40 percent of all incentive projects in past years. So while large firms receive the majority of economic incentives, it is imprecise to say there’s "almost nothing" left for the little guy.  For a partially accurate  that requires explanation, we rate it .
Statement: The House Republican health care bill "guts protections against massive price hikes for Georgians with pre-existing conditions.
Speaker: jon ossoff
About the speaker: Jon Ossoff, a Democrat, is a U.S. Senator from Georgia. Ossoff is a former aide to Rep. Hank Johnson, D-Ga.
Date: June 8, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Ossoff said the American Health Care Act "guts protections against massive price hikes for Georgians with pre-existing conditions." Based on the CBO report, a sixth of all Americans live in states where people with pre-existing conditions would be priced out of the market. No one knows if Georgia would be such a state, or if it were, if it would use waivers to the fullest extent. No expert we reached said the proposed American Health Care Act insulates people from higher rates as much as the current Affordable Care Act does. They differed on the scale of the impact. Ossoff has a point that the protections are weaker, but he pushed too far on the specifics for Georgia. We rate this  HalfTrue.
Statement: Florida Senate Bill 2A does not provide "immediate relief" to homeowners dealing with high property insurance rates and "will force some … constituents to pay up to 20% more.
Speaker: rita harris
About the speaker: Rita Harris, a Democrat who represents Orlando, was first elected to the Florida House of Representatives on Nov. 8, 2022. 
Date: December 14, 2022
Location: florida
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: "  Harris said Florida's SB 2A will not provide immediate "relief" and will force some homeowners to "pay up to 20% more for their property insurance." A provision of the law will not allow homeowners to renew their public insurance policies if they are enrolled with the state-run insurer and receive an offer from a private insurer that is no more than 20% more expensive. But experts told PolitiFact the legislation was designed to address broader market conditions with the long-term goal of moderating premiums.    Harris'  is accurate but needs clarification. We rate it .
Statement: We've broken "by millions" the all-time record for votes in a GOP presidential primary election.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 1, 2016
Location: california
Topics: elections
Context: a campaign speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said he’s broken "by millions" the record for GOP presidential primary votes. With victories on June 7th, including in California, he may well smash the record.  But he’s not there yet. We rate Trump’s   again … for now.    –  The statement is not accurate. Click here for   more   on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/5e69aa63-1805-4e12-87c5-4c8a5f49be9a
Statement: Texas has "the lowest crime rate in this state since 1968" because of changes in law regarding nonviolent drug offenders.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: January 15, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: criminal justice;drugs;crime
Context: valedictory speech as governor to the Texas Legislature
Fact-check justification: Perry said Texas has its lowest crime rate since 1968 because of changes in law regarding nonviolent drug offenders. In 2013, an index combining Texas rates for property and violent crimes reached its lowest level since 1968. Legislated changes affecting drug offenders surely contributed. But in Texas and nationally, crime has been decreasing for a while, for multiple reasons. We rate this statement, an oversimplification, .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The Charleston, S.C., shooter "should have never been given a gun, but the universal background check was not fast enough.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: December 6, 2015
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;homeland security;guns
Context: an interview with George Stephanopoulos
Fact-check justification: Clinton said the Charleston shooter "should have never have been given a gun, but the universal background check was not fast enough." Dylann Roof admitted to a drug offense a few weeks before he tried to buy a gun, so the FBI said he should have been denied one. However, it wasn’t the three-day time limit by itself that undermined Roof’s background check. There were clerical errors in the FBI’s database that prevented the examiner from seeing Roof’s drug admission. Clinton’s characterization misses some important information about Roof’s case. We rate it . Note to readers: A previous version of this fact-check incorrectly said Roof "admitted to a felony drug offense" before attempting to buy a gun. That is not what the FBI news release said. The release said that a police report about his arrest included Roof's admission to possessing illegal drugs, which Comey said would have been enough to deny the sale of the handgun. The story has been updated to reflect that point.
Statement: Says state workers have not had across-the-board raises in six years.
Speaker: michelle rehwinkel vasilinda
About the speaker: Michelle Rehwinkel Vasilinda, D-Tallahassee, has been a member of the Florida House of Representatives since 2008.
Date: January 24, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: state budget
Context: a newspaper interview
Fact-check justification: Rehwinkel Vasilinda claimed state workers have not had a raise in six years. She’s correct that they have not had an across-the-board raise since Oct. 1, 2006. The context of her quote makes it clear she was referring to raises for all state workers, so we rate her  .
Statement: The president is brain-dead.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: July 4, 2007
Location: national
Topics: bush administration
Context: Des Moines, Iowa
Fact-check justification: It's an extreme charge, since brain death is defined as "irreversible unconciousness with complete loss of brain function" (Encyclopedia of Death and Dying). Needless to say, we find the charge . There's no  Biden performed the necessary medical tests to make such a diagnosis. We would have accepted the results of a cerebral blood flow study or proof that Biden had examined Bush to see if he had an oculocephalic reflex. Indeed, even people who disagree with the president about Iraq and assorted other issues will acknowledge that the president has spontaneous respiration and is responding to stimuli.
Statement: Says "Karen Handel's office budget increased a whopping 42 percent.
Speaker: dccc
About the speaker: Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee 
Date: May 3, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: candidate biography;elections
Context: a political ad
Fact-check justification: Democrats say Handel saw her office budget rise 42 percent. While some viewers might not spot the distinction between the administrative budget and the budget for the entire office, the raw numbers support the . But most of that increase came from moving around work -- and the money to pay for it -- inside the department. The rise in the administrative budget was offset by cuts elsewhere. The ad’s statement contains an element of , but leaves out critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate the  .
Statement: Covid vaccinations now prohibited in people under 50 in Denmark.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 16, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The primary vaccine series is still available for people in Denmark younger than 50, though vaccinations have been limited among children.   Following a seasonal vaccination program, s tarting in July, according to the health authority, it was no longer possible for children under age 18 to get a first COVID-19 shot. And after August, it was no longer possible for them to get a second injection. Children at high risk of becoming severely ill can still get a vaccine at their doctor’s recommendation. We rate claims that Denmark is banning people under 50 from getting a COVID-19 vaccine .
Statement: No NASA Challenger rocket blew up with people on it.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 28, 2022
Topics: space;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claims that the NASA space shuttle the Challenger never exploded, and did not have a crew on it.  The Challenger space shuttle exploded Jan. 28. 1986 on live television, killing all seven crew members on board. Their remains are buried at Arlington National Cemetery.  Conspiracy theorists have revisited this incident for years, trying to convince Americans that what many saw with their own eyes cannot be believed.   We rate this  !
Statement: No one has been hospitalized for" the omicron variant of COVID-19.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: January 4, 2022
Topics: public health;ad watch;coronavirus
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: In a campaign fund-raising ad for his reelection, Paul stated: "No one has been hospitalized for" the omicron variant of COVID-19. Studies published before the ad began running on Facebook documented hundreds of omicron hospitalizations. Paul took the ad down. We rate the  .
Statement: Says she is "the only candidate for Senate who refuses to cut Medicare and Social Security or raise the retirement age.
Speaker: kyrsten sinema
About the speaker: Kyrsten Sinema is a senator from Arizona. She was formerly a state representative.
Date: June 11, 2018
Location: arizona
Topics: federal budget;medicare;social security
Context: campaign website
Fact-check justification: Sinema on her campaign website said she is "the only candidate for Senate who refuses to cut Medicare and Social Security or raise the retirement age." The website’s  is broad; Sinema’s team said McSally was its target. While some votes cast by McSally could have indirectly led to cuts in Medicare and a restructuring of Social Security, those votes were for not for measures that would have become law. They were for non-binding resolutions and motions. McSally’s and Sinema’s votes have aligned at times to protect entitlement programs — McSally has been considered a moderate Republican, and Sinema touts having an independent voice. In one instance, they both voted in favor of an amendment that Pelosi said would cut Medicare and Social Security. We rate Sinema’s  .
Statement: Says the oil industry subsidies that President Barack Obama is attacking don't exist
Speaker: bill johnson
About the speaker: Bill Johnson is a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, serving Ohio's 6th Congressional District. His district covers all or part of 12 counties from Mahoning County in Eastern Ohio and stretching along the Ohio River to the southernmost part of the state.
Date: April 17, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: energy;taxes
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: If they did not, why would the industry’s trade association vigorously protest their proposed elimination? We won’t address whether eliminating the oil industry tax breaks is good or bad policy. But the fact is those tax breaks do exist and they benefit the oil industry. But Johnson arguing they are not subsidies amounts to semantic gymnastics that ignores usage commonplace among his colleagues in Washington. On the -O-Meter, Johnson’s  rates .
Statement: Paul Ryan doesn't know what the minimum wage is in Wisconsin.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: September 11, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: income;jobs;government regulation
Context: tweets
Fact-check justification: Our rating Tweets say: "Paul Ryan doesn't know what the minimum wage is in Wisconsin." Asked the amount in an interview, Ryan didn’t give a complete answer until he heard what a member of the listening audience said. But he had immediately started his answer by saying "Seven," and seemed on the verge of adding 25 cents, or some figure in the twenties, before the audience member interjected. That’s when Ryan correctly said $7.25. For a statement that contains only an element of , our rating is .
Statement: Video shows former President Donald Trump attacking the Clintons in 2023.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 13, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It shows Trump saying "the Clintons are criminals" and claiming that "the establishment that protects them has engaged in a massive cover-up of widespread criminal activity at the State Department and the Clinton Foundation only to keep the Clintons in power. "  Trump is just as critical of the Clintons today as he was in 2016, and we’ve dug into the differences between his and Hillary Clinton’s classified document cases. But these video remarks are old. He didn’t "just" say them, as the post claims.   We rate it .