chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: National debt plus unfunded liabilities adds up to $520,000 per American household.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: May 16, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: St. Petersburg, Fla
Fact-check justification: Romney said that the debt and unfunded liabilities of the federal government adds up to $520,000 per household. Romney relied on a 2011 article in USA Today that added up the debt at that time and the amount owed for entitlements -- the largest one was the amount owed for Medicare. Most economists we spoke with disagree with calling the amount we will owe in the future for entitlements "unfunded liabilities," because the government has the power to change the programs, either by reducing spending or increasing taxes. Those obligations are different than our current debt. But Romney’s underlying point is : Without significant changes, we are on track to owe a mind-boggling sum if we spend large sums without sufficient revenues. We rate this  .
Statement: Suggests "108 FIFA registered players/coaches have died" because of COVID-19 vaccines.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 6, 2021
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A Reuters reporter found that some people included in the list died from a traumatic brain injury, a motorbike accident, heat stroke and suicide. One of the athletes died in 2019 — well before the development of COVID-19 vaccines.   Studies of COVID-19 vaccines have found a small but increased risk of myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart muscle, for men after receiving mRNA vaccines. But we found no  tying the vaccines to the 108 deaths. We rate the  that 108 FIFA registered players/coaches have died in the past 6 months .
Statement: Wisconsin's Supreme Court justices are "deciding fewer opinions in civil and criminal cases than they used to.
Speaker: ed fallone
About the speaker: Ed Fallone, a law professor at Marquette University in Milwaukee, is running for the Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2013.
Date: February 5, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;legal issues;supreme court
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Moreover, the tallies were on a calendar-year basis, rather than following the September-through-August Supreme Court terms, like the newer reports do. Our rating Citing incivility on the Supreme Court in the past several years, Fallone said the court's justices are "deciding fewer opinions in civil and criminal cases than they used to." But he doesn’t provide  to establish that. Official figures show the number has been steady in the six most recent Supreme Court terms, which dates to when Fallone suggests that tensions on the court were high. We rate his statement .
Statement: If we just froze spending at 2007 levels ... by 2013 we would balance the budget ... and by 2020 we would cut the national debt in half.
Speaker: george lemieux
About the speaker: George LeMieux is a former U.S. Senator from Florida. He was appointed by Gov. Charlie Crist in 2009 to fill the unexpired term of Sen. Mel Martinez and served until January 2011.
Date: March 8, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget
Context: Miami Herald editorial board interview
Fact-check justification: But it's important to note that beyond the simple addition and subtraction, LeMieux's proposal is quite unrealistic because of inflation and demographics. LeMieux saying we could balance the budget by 2013 is like someone saying they could lose 20 pounds in a month by just eating lettuce. It might be accurate, but it's probably not going to happen. Still, he gets an A for his math. We find his  .
Statement: There are 31 other states and 10,000 other cities that have the same type of policies that we just passed," referring to North Carolina's House Bill 2.
Speaker: paul "skip" stam
About the speaker: Rep. Paul "Skip" Stam is a Republican and the House Speaker pro tem.
Date: April 11, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: government regulation;lgbtq;sexuality
Context: a newspaper interview
Fact-check justification: Stam said there are dozens of states and thousands of cities that businesses should also avoid if they truly oppose North Carolina’s new law. That’s overly broad, since the law does many different things. In some cases, North Carolina is one of two states or the only state with policies that HB2 brought into law. But Stam clarified that he was talking specifically about discrimination protections for gay and transgender people. On that, his  of "31 other states and 10,000 other cities" is basically . Technically there are 29 other states, not 31. That doesn’t really detract from the point he was trying to make – but the fact that he glossed over other parts of the bill does. We rate this  .
Statement: I have never once raised the county tax levy -- not for seven straight years.
Speaker: robert astorino
About the speaker: Robert P. Astorino is a former Westchester County executive who made an unsucceseful run for governor in New York in 2014 and is running for governor again in 2022.
Date: January 10, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Astorino said "I have never once raised the county tax levy -- not for seven straight years." He’s right, according to the county’s budget department and the New York State Comptroller’s Office. He has proposed seven budgets, all of which either kept the tax levy flat or lowered it. We rate Astorino’s  as . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/8d4a03aa-443d-4f46-a6b9-323e5ecb108b
Statement: The (corona)virus just isn't nearly as deadly as we thought it was.
Speaker: tucker carlson
About the speaker: Tucker Carlson was a Fox News pundit until his departure in April 2023.
Date: April 27, 2020
Topics: public health;pundits;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: a TV segment
Fact-check justification: Carlson said the coronavirus "just isn’t nearly as deadly as we thought it was." Scientists warned early in the outbreak that the raw number of confirmed cases didn’t give a fully accurate picture of mortality.  It’s  for Carlson to compare early case fatality rates — which divide the number of known deaths by the number of confirmed cases — with newer estimates of the infection fatality rate. The infection fatality rate should be lower, as experts have said for months. It’s premature to say as a matter of fact that a far rosier picture has emerged. We rate this statement .
Statement: West Linn has one of the highest per capita rates of home-based businesses in the United States.
Speaker: julie parrish
About the speaker: Julie Parrish is a West Linn businesswoman.
Date: October 2, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: economy
Context: a House floor speech
Fact-check justification: She stood by saying West Linn has "one of the highest" per capita ratings in Oregon, despite the fact that no one could point to specific data to back that up. But back to her original  to House colleagues that West Linn has "one of the highest per capita rates of home-based businesses in the United States." It’s conceivably possible that’s , but Parrish could offer no substantiation. And we found that no such statistics exist on a city the size of West Linn. In such cases, PolitiFact rates the  .
Statement: John McCain "is proposing tax cuts that would give the average Fortune 500 CEO an additional $700,000 in tax cuts.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 7, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Nashville, Tenn
Fact-check justification: That's still a big number, but not quite as big as $700,000. It's not surprising that candidates select the numbers most advantageous to their argument, but it's worth noting that there is a different way to look at this calculation that is also valid. Still, Obama is using credible numbers from independent sources to make his point. It does seem that high earners do better under John McCain's plan. We rate his statement .
Statement: Look at the men on this stage. Collectively, they have lost 10 elections. The only people on this stage who have won every single election that they've been in are the women, Amy and me.
Speaker: elizabeth warren
About the speaker: Elizabeth Warren is a senator from Massachusetts. Warren was elected to the Senate in 2012 and was re-elected in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024. Warren received a bachelor’s degree in speech pathology and audiology from the University of Houston and a J.D. from Rutgers Law School. In 2019, she announced her race for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 5, 2020.
Date: January 14, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Warren said, "Look at the men on this stage. Collectively, they have lost 10 elections. The only people on this stage who have won every single election that they’ve been in are the women, Amy and me."  We checked the electoral histories of the candidates on stage and found that Warren spoke accurately. We rate her statement .
Statement: The Wisconsin law repealed by Republicans, which allowed discriminated workers to sue in state court, "was kind of a gravy train" for lawyers.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: April 10, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: civil rights;disability;legal issues;women;workers
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Walker said a law that allowed workplace discrimination lawsuits to be filed in state court, which he and the Legislature repealed, was "kind of a gravy train" for lawyers. His statement contains some element of , in that the old law gave another legal option to lawyers who represent workers claiming discrimination. But Walker’s  ignores critical facts -- or, put another way, lacks critical facts -- that would support his  of a big financial gain for lawyers. After all, not a single lawsuit was filed in state court since the law took effect. We rate Walker’s statement .
Statement: We now have our kids go to school about a month less than most other advanced countries.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 27, 2010
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: But our focus here is on Obama's  about the length of the school year in the United States compared with other advanced countries around the world. We think Obama has a solid argument about American kids going to school fewer days than many other kids, but it's a stretch to say they go about a month less than students in most other advanced countries. Students in those countries on average go about a week and a half longer. Students in only about a quarter of those countries go to school close to a month longer than American kids. So we rate his comment .
Statement: An email from Dr. Anthony Fauci shows "everyone was lied to" about wearing masks to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 2, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: A widely shared Instagram post said that an email from Dr. Anthony Fauci shows "everyone was lied to" about wearing masks to prevent the spread of COVID-19.  The post cites an email Fauci sent Feb. 5, 2020, when the consensus among public health experts was for people generally not to wear masks unless they had symptoms of illness. At the time, researchers did not know that people without symptoms were spreading the virus. The guidance from Fauci and other experts changed in April 2020, as more  about the virus and its transmission emerged, and mask wearing was widely recommended. We rate the post .
Statement: Says protesters at the Wisconsin state Capitol on the night the state Senate passed collective bargaining changes damaged the windshield of his car.
Speaker: dan kapanke
About the speaker: Dan Kapanke is a Republican state Senator, representing the La Crosse area in northwest Wisconsin. He was elected to his post in 2004. He is one of the Republican state Senators targeted for recalls based on their 2011 vote for a measure curtailing collective bargaining rights for public employees.
Date: March 16, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;state budget
Context: interviews with various media outlets
Fact-check justification: Capitol Police told Kapanke their conclusion on the damaged windshield on March 16, 2011. Yet on that same day, and in the ensuring days, he and his staff publicly listed the damaged windshield -- blaming it on protesters -- as a rationale for scaling back public events in his district. Kapanke allowed the myth of the smashed windshield to run wild and uncorrected for almost three weeks after he knew it was not . What we do know is that we smell something like smoke -- like a smokescreen. .
Statement: U.S. acres burned each year are much fewer now — even in our worst years — than was the case in the early 20th century.
Speaker: heartland institute
About the speaker: The Heartland Institute is a free-market think tank.
Date: October 11, 2021
Location: national
Topics: climate change;california
Context: an article from the Heartland Institute
Fact-check justification: The Heartland Institute said, "U.S. acres burned each year are much fewer now  — even in our worst years —  than was the case in the early 20th century." The  was based on federal data. However, over the years, researchers concluded that the federal data was deeply flawed. While there might have been some undercounting, double and triple counting also took place. Most damaging of all, in the 1920s and 1930s, millions of acres of intentional fires in the southeast were counted as wildfires. One climate change skeptic called the government data "a lie." This year, the government withdrew its original dataset, and now only provides counts starting in 1983. There is no national level analysis going back to the turn of the last century, but an analysis of 11 western states suggests that the toll of fires today is at least on par with the fires in the first few decades. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Bernie Sanders wants "to make the cut off date for abortions up to 36 weeks" because he says "a baby at that point feels no pain and has no rights to life.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 9, 2016
Topics: abortion;candidate biography;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post said Bernie Sanders wants "to make the cut off date for abortions up to 36 weeks" because he says "a baby at that point feels no pain and has no rights to life."   The record shows that while Sanders has refused to support specific abortion restrictions, he has not called to extend the cut off date for abortions to 36 weeks because "a baby at that point feels no pain and has no rights to life."  For nearly five decades, when asked about specific abortion policy, Sanders has repeatedly stated in response that the decision to abort should be between a woman and her doctor, not the government.  We rate this Facebook post as .
Statement: In 2011 under Scott Walker, Wisconsin for the first time spent "more on our prison system than we did" on the University of Wisconsin System.
Speaker: kelda helen roys
About the speaker: Kelda Helen Roys, a Madison Democrat, was elected to the Wisconsin Assembly in 2008 and served until 2012. In 2012, she lost to Mark Pocan in the race for the Democratic nomination for the U.S. House of Representatives. She is running for the Democratic nomination for governor in 2018. An attorney, Roys is the former executive director of NARAL Pro-Choice Wisconsin, which supports abortion rights.
Date: December 11, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;education;state budget
Context: a candidates forum
Fact-check justification: That occurred with Walker’s first state budget, for 2011-’13, when he directed more state taxpayer dollars to the Department of Corrections than the UW System. But the eclipse was years in the making before Walker took office, and it’s worth noting that the UW System, with tuition and federal grants, has a much larger total budget than Corrections. For a statement that is accurate but needs additional information, our rating is . Editor's note: We revised this item on Jan. 12, 2018 to indicate that the governor's office did respond to our request for information. The response had been inadvertently overlooked when this fact check was first posted.
Statement: Florida "has the second-highest foreclosure rate in the nation.
Speaker: kendrick meek
About the speaker: Kendrick Meek is a former U.S. Representative for Congressional District 17 in Miami, serving from 2003 to 2011. He campaigned for the U.S. Senate and was defeated on Nov. 2, 2010.
Date: February 20, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: economy;housing
Context: a statement on his Web site
Fact-check justification: RealtyTrac's monthly reports since then have varied slightly, but Florida is always near the top. It was fourth for January 2009, third in April and second in November. For all of 2009, Florida ranked third. So Meek is either right or close to being right, depending what time period you use. We find his  .
Statement: Says "Fallon (Fox), a transgender MMA fighter, has now broken 2 female opponents' skulls," and shows a photo of Fox alongside an MMA fighter with a severely bloodied face.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 15, 2021
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says, "Fallon (Fox), a transgender MMA fighter, has now broken 2 female opponents’ skulls," and shows a photo of Fox alongside an MMA fighter with a severely bloodied face. Fox fractured one opponent’s orbital bone; she did not break two people’s skulls. The photo that juxtaposes Fox with bloodied MMA fighter Kay Hansen is  and . Hansen’s injuries were sustained in a 2018 fight with Kal Schwartz, and the fight took place years after Fox’s last MMA bout. The  contains an element of  because one person sustained a head injury in a fight with Fox, but it ignores critical facts that would give a different impression and includes a photo that has no association with Fox. We rate this  .
Statement: 38,000 Texans had their license to carry denied, revoked, or suspended over the last five years because law enforcement deemed them too dangerous to carry a loaded gun in public. But thanks to Greg Abbott's new law, they don't need a license to carry anymore.
Speaker: beto o'rourke
About the speaker: Beto O’Rourke is a former representative of Texas’s 16th Congressional District. He represented the district from 2013 until 2019, when he gave up his seat to run a senate campaign against incumbent Ted Cruz, which O’Rourke lost. He received a bachelor’s degree in English literature from Columbia University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: May 29, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: O'Rourke tweeted , "38,000 Texans had their license to carry denied, revoked, or suspended over the last five years because law enforcement deemed them too dangerous to carry a loaded gun in public. But thanks to Greg Abbott's new law, they don't need a license to carry anymore." O'Rourke tweeted the  number. It should have either been nearly 35,000 licenses denied, revoked, and suspended within the past five years or over 38,000 within the past six years. Though law enforcement is longer checking for licenses, the second part of O'Rourke's statement is an oversimplification. HB 1927 states, "persons who are currently prohibited from possessing firearms under state and federal law will not gain the right to possess or carry a firearm under this legislation." So, people "too dangerous to carry a loaded gun" would be kept from having one because of state and federal possession laws. But there are some gaps in the law, and keeping a statewide requirement for licenses would have made people meet more eligibility requirements. We rate this .