chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Jim Renacci has been a lobbyist even while in Congress" and "voted to make it easier for lobbyists to hold key government positions and harder to investigate conflicts of interest.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: May 18, 2018
Location: ohio
Topics: congress;ethics
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Brown’s TV ad said, "Jim Renacci has been a lobbyist even while in Congress" and "voted to make it easier for lobbyists to hold key government positions and harder to investigate conflicts of interest." Renacci misfiled paperwork about his lobbying activities, but there’s no convincing  he actually worked as a lobbyist while a member of Congress. The statement about a vote to help lobbyists hold government positions was not a direct vote. The ad is using circuitous logic on this point. Another vote involved a rule change that drew concerns from a government watchdog at the time, but the watchdog told PolitiFact that it ultimately didn’t make much difference. The statement omits critical  that would give a different impression. We rate this statement .
Statement: To call what happened on January 6 an armed insurrection, I just think is not accurate.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: October 4, 2022
Location: national
Topics: crime;guns;wisconsin;jan. 6
Context: Public statement
Fact-check justification: Johnson said "To call what happened on January 6 an armed insurrection, I just think is not accurate." It’s Johnson’s  — that it was not an armed insurrection — that is . There was plenty of  to rebut that  when Johnson made it in the immediate aftermath of Jan. 6, 2021. There is plenty more now. It’s still  and . It’s still !
Statement: By 2040, 70% of the population is expected to live in just 15 states.
Speaker: j.d. scholten
About the speaker: J.D. Scholten, a retired professional baseball player, was the Democratic nominee for Iowa's 4th congressional district in the 2018 and 2020. 
Date: July 21, 2021
Location: iowa
Topics: population
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: According to calculations by  PolitiFact  using U.S. Census Bureau data and population projections from the Cooper Center, an estimated 67.2 percent of the U.S. population will live in the 15 largest states in 2040.    Our ruling  Scholten said,  "By 2040, 70% of the population is expected to live in just 15 states. "  The Cooper Center, the catalyst for Scholten’s tweet, has a credible history of national population predictions with small error margins. The center’s data projects that an estimated 67.2 percent of the U.S. population will live in the 15 largest states in 2040, which is close to Scholten’s 70 percent. Adding in the uncertainty inherent in any projection, that’s enough to rate this  .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama "has lost more members of the House and more members of the Senate than any president ever has lost" in modern times.
Speaker: matthew dowd
About the speaker: Matthew Dowd is an author and MSNBC analyst. In 2021, he briefly ran for the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor of Texas. He served as chief political strategist to Republican President George W. Bush.
Date: December 7, 2014
Topics: elections;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Dowd said Obama has lost more seats held by his party in the House and Senate than any modern president. By one valid measure, Dowd is correct. By another measure, Obama would rank fourth. That, however, does not make Dowd’s  . It just means that it needs clarification and some additional information. That meets our definition of .
Statement: Langevin votes "the party line about 98 percent of the time.
Speaker: mark s. zaccaria
About the speaker: Mark Zaccaria is a Rhode Island Republican who ran unsuccessfully for one of the state's U.S. Senate seats in 2014. He also made two unsuccessful bids for Rhode Island's 2nd Congressional District, the most recent in 2010. He is a former chairman of the Rhode Island Republican Party. Born in 1949, he is a former corporate executive who operates a business-to-business marketing consulting business. A former Air Force instructor pilot, he served two terms on the North Kingstown Town Council and four years on the local zoning board. He is married with three children.
Date: June 2, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: bipartisanship
Context: a posting on his website
Fact-check justification: The site reported that "James Langevin has voted with a majority of his Democratic colleagues 99.2% of the time during the current Congress. This percentage does not include votes in which Langevin did not vote." That's well above the 92.2 percent rate among all Democrats, which seems to bear out Zaccaria's point that Langevin, at least by his voting record, can't  to be non-partisan. If anything, Zaccaria's original statement understates Langevin's Democratness. We rate it as .
Statement: Says the Hawaii governor "can't find anything that says (President Barack Obama) was born in Hawaii.
Speaker: leo berman
About the speaker: Leo Berman is a state representative from Tyler.
Date: February 14, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: elections;obama birth certificate
Context: a news article
Fact-check justification: However, the public can view  "index data" based on those records in a department office in Honolulu or request it by mail. The page says that "the index data regarding President Obama is: Birth Index // Obama II, Barack Hussein // Male." Rewind: Berman didn’t pinpoint where he heard or read that Hawaii’s governor couldn’t find proof of Obama’s birthplace. We combed published reports, finding no proof Abercrombie said that. We rate Berman’s statement .
Statement: Even after Obamacare is fully implemented, there still will be tens of millions of people not covered.
Speaker: suzanne somers
About the speaker: Suzanne Somers is an actress best known for her role in the 1970s sitcom "Three's Company."
Date: November 28, 2013
Topics: health care;punditfact
Context: the "Wall Street Journal"
Fact-check justification: Somers wrote that, "even after Obamacare is fully implemented, there still will be tens of millions of people not covered." She’s right -- by 2023, CBO projects that 30 million Americans will lack health insurance. While this is lower than today’s figure both in absolute numbers and in the percentage of the population, that doesn’t take away from the basic accuracy of Somers’ . We rate her  .
Statement: Says Measure 11 is "one of the most significant reasons" for decrease in violent crime.
Speaker: steve doell
About the speaker: Steve Doell is the executive director of the Truth in Sentencing Project as well as the president of Crime Victims United.
Date: July 19, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: That "one of" language is important. It acknowledges the existence of other causes. We also agree that Measure 11 made a difference, though it’s unclear whether it was because of the higher incarceration rates or the greater prison building to prevent early releases, as Prins suggests. That and the fact that Oregon’s drop was part of a national trend caused in large measure by changing demographics are needed clarifications to the statement. For those reasons, we rate this  .
Statement: Says he was "instrumental to passing two (recent) pieces of legislation that were a huge victory for firefighters across the state.
Speaker: mahlon mitchell
About the speaker: Mahlon Mitchell has served as president of the Professional Fire Fighters of Wisconsin union since January 2011. A Democrat, he lost to Republican Lt. Gov. Rebecca Kleefisch in Wisconsin's June 2012 recall elections. In November 2017, he announced his candidacy for governor in the 2018 election.
Date: April 30, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;disability;labor;public safety
Context: a website campaign statement
Fact-check justification: Jay Wadd, a spokesman for Hansen, said he assumes such a step would have been part of the process on their bill, though he doesn’t have specific records of it given the time that has passed. Our rating Mitchell claims he was recently "instrumental to passing two pieces of legislation that were a huge victory for fire fighters across the state." But it’s a stretch to say the action was recent, and that Mitchell’s role was instrumental. Mitchell’s union supported the bills, and he was involved with supporting them, but there’s no  the bills wouldn’t have become law without his involvement. We rate Mitchell’s  .
Statement: Says House Speaker Nancy Pelosi deleted a video of her telling people to go to Chinatown.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 16, 2020
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: But we found no trace of her posting or deleting the video Trump shared. At the time of Pelosi’s remark, U.S. health officials said the risk of the coronavirus was low to the American public since they had no reports of community spread. Trump during this time also said the virus was under control in the United States. Neither the White House nor Trump’s re-election campaign provide  to support Trump’s . In the absence of , we rate this  .
Statement: The failings in our civil service are encouraged by a system that makes it very difficult to fire someone even for gross misconduct.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: March 21, 2007
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: Oklahoma City
Fact-check justification: It is perhaps not a surprise that a union offical disputes McCain's use of the incompetent federal worker cliche. Procedures do exist to remove workers from their jobs, and many people do get fired. But it takes a long time, according to the outside experts who follow such issues closely. McCain wisely faults not an individual but a "system." That puts him on pretty solid ground, where even a study by the federal government had difficulty finding supervisors who had attempted to take action against poorly performing employees.
Statement: Blinken, Austin trip to Kyiv may have been staged
Speaker: michael savage
About the speaker: Michael Savage is a conservative radio commentator, and host of "The Michael Savage Show," which is syndicated in over 300 U.S. markets. He is also the author of 25 books, including four New York Times bestsellers.
Date: April 25, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Savage suggested on Facebook that a secretive visit to a warzone in Kyiv was held elsewhere because no members of the media were there to document the trip. The media was not allowed to accompany Blinken and Austin on the trip for security reasons, but that doesn’t mean it didn’t happen in Kyiv. Multiple photos show the exact same room in use by Zelenskyy in meetings with others well before the war began. We rate this  .
Statement: Why do we have automatic citizenship upon birth? We're the only country in the world that has it.
Speaker: glenn beck
About the speaker: Glenn Beck is the host of The Glenn Beck Program, a nationally syndicated talk-radio show. He also hosts an Internet-based TV show. Beck formerly hosted a television talk show on CNN Headline News and then Fox News.
Date: June 10, 2009
Location: national
Topics: immigration;pundits
Context: his Fox News program
Fact-check justification: In fact, we'll even admit that we had to look up what continent Lesotho is even on (Africa). But Canada, Brazil, Romania? We didn't have to go looking for those. It might be surprising to Americans that automatic citizenship isn't more common in the developed world, but the bottom line is Beck made a blanket statement that is just . We rate his statement .
Statement: The Republican Party "fought very hard in the '60s to get the civil rights bill passed, as well as the voting rights bill.
Speaker: michael steele
About the speaker: Michael Steele is the chairman of the Republican National Committee. He was formerly the lieutenant governor of Maryland, serving from 2003 to 2007.
Date: May 23, 2010
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;elections;history;legal issues;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's This Week
Fact-check justification: But on the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act, the most notable factor affecting how Republicans voted was pragmatism, said Bert Rockman, a political scientist at Purdue University. "The Republicans of that era deserve credit, lots of it, but less in a partisan way than in a now long-lost art form – forging a consensus around critical national problems." Back to Steele's quote: "We fought very hard in the '60s to get the civil rights bill passed as well as the voting rights bill." The degree of Republican support for the two bills actually exceeded the degree of Democratic support, and it's also fair to say that Republicans took leading roles in both measures, even though they had far fewer seats, and thus less power, at the time. Both of these factors are enough to earn Steele a rating of .
Statement: I am very proud that I am the only candidate in the Democratic primary to have voted against all of Trump's defense budgets.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: December 17, 2019
Location: vermont
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: a video posted on his presidential campaign’s social media accounts
Fact-check justification: Our Ruling In a campaign video that has been viewed almost 320,000 times on Twitter alone, Sanders made the statement that he has voted against all of Trump’s defense budgets and that he is the only candidate in the Democratic primary to do so. It is  the Vermont senator has publicly opposed all of the president’s military spending packages, but he has not voted against all of them. Sanders is also  to say he is the only candidate in the Democratic primary who has voted against the proposals. In fact, Gabbard is the only candidate who can make that .   We rate this statement as .
Statement: The Pasco County budget "has doubled in the past three years.
Speaker: rachel o'connor
About the speaker: Rachel O'Connor is a candidate for the Pasco County commission in 2012.
Date: July 12, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: county budget
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: District 3 hopeful Kathryn Starkey recently retracted a line about reining in "runaway local government spending" that was on her campaign flier. In an interview, she said, "All in all, I think our county government has done a good job of being fiscally conservative in a tough time." But O’Connor’s  about a ballooning county budget is shocking — especially as property tax collections have shriveled in the past several years. The  is also . O’Connor’s statement earns a .
Statement: Bricks are being "randomly placed all over Detroit.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 2, 2020
Location: michigan
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "These were not any loose bricks," he said. "There are metal bands that strap them tightly together." We rate the claims in these Facebook posts . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Says Charlotte Nash "pretends to be a chicken farmer" in order to get property tax exemptions.
Speaker: larry gause
About the speaker: Larry Gause, a Republican, is a candidate for the chair of the Gwinnett County Board of Commissioners.
Date: March 1, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a flier and campaign website
Fact-check justification: The assessor’s office was unable by Thursday to share the original exemption paperwork with us. Gause’s real point is whether Nash actually deserves the agricultural exemption. But he bases his argument on the  that she "pretends to be a chicken farmer." We found no  of that. We rate his statement as .
Statement: All the things Patrick (Morrisey) is saying — (that I supported) Hillary Clinton, cap and trade, Planned Parenthood — PolitiFact went through each and every allegation and said, 'False, False, False, False.'
Speaker: evan jenkins
About the speaker: U.S. Congressman representing West Virginia's 3rd district.
Date: May 1, 2018
Location: national
Topics: abortion;candidate biography;cap and trade
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Jenkins said, "All the things Patrick (Morrisey) is saying — (that I supported) Hillary Clinton, cap and trade, Planned Parenthood — PolitiFact went through each and every allegation and said, ‘, , , .’ " Jenkins correctly cited PolitiFact’s conclusions on the three specific topics he himself mentioned. However, Jenkins’ statement came as a rebuttal to a remark by Morrisey that cited three separate examples of Jenkins’ alleged support for Democrats or liberal issues. In reality, PolitiFact had not fact-checked those three topics at the time of the debate, and now that we have looked into them, we find support for Morrisey’s position, not Jenkins’. Voters tuning into the race for the first time could easily get the  impression about the accuracy of the attacks. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says the "NC appeals court" acknowledged the state's election maps "are skewed," but didn't block them because they are "partisan hacks.
Speaker: deb butler
About the speaker: NC Rep. Deb Butler represents Brunswick and New Hanover counties in District 18.
Date: January 12, 2022
Location: north carolina
Topics: redistricting
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Butler said the "NC appeals court" confirmed the state’s election maps "are skewed" but didn’t block them because they are "partisan hacks." Butler, who acknowledged she was paraphrasing, generally captured the judges’ views on the election maps. Judges expressed "disdain" for having to deal with election maps that they acknowledged are "extreme outliers" that benefit Republicans. However, she got a basic fact . The case was heard in superior court — not the state Court of Appeals. And there’s no apparent  that the judges ruled the way they did because of their partisan affiliation. She failed to capture the judges’ reasoning for their vote. And she gave some people the impression that the judges are affiliated with the same party, which isn’t the case. The tweet contains an element of : Superior court judges acknowledged the maps are skewed. However, it ignores critical facts about the judges and ruling that would give readers a different impression. That’s our definition of .
Statement: Says Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez compared smoking marijuana and transgender women in the Olympics.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 6, 2021
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks;marijuana
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: We also didn’t find it in Politwoops , a ProPublica database that includes deleted tweets from the representative.   On July 2, Ocasio-Cortez did tweet about trying to end Richardson’s suspension. But she didn’t tweet the statement that appears in the Instagram post. A spokesperson for Ocasio-Cortez told the Associated Press "the post is  ." We rate it the same: .
Statement: Says Jacob Blake, shot by police in Kenosha, had a warrant for sexual assault and prior convictions for gun use
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 24, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;crime;race and ethnicity
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral Facebook post says Blake had a warrant for sexual assault and prior convictions for gun use. Blake did have an active warrant for sexual assault and several other crimes related to domestic violence at the time he was shot. But Blake was not convicted of any prior gun offenses. Charges filed in 2015 were ultimately dismissed at the request of prosecutors. We rate this  .
Statement: Active crime scene in Spalding County, Ga., where ballots for President Donald Trump were discovered in a dumpster.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 5, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  Dix added that documents found in the dumpster were improperly disposed of but did not elaborate.   However, no ballots cast for Trump — or cast for anyone — were discovered.   We rate this Facebook post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Mountains of data" show drug ivermectin "basically obliterates" COVID-19 transmission.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: April 22, 2021
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Currently, there are no "mountains of data" to show its benefit. The existing  is limited and documents mixed results. We rate the statement .   Join PolitiFact LIVE on May 10-13 for a festival of fact-checking with Dr. Anthony Fauci!   Register today >>