chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: When Charlie Crist was elected governor, Florida ranked 31st in K-12 education. "Last year ... we went from 31st to 14. And this year, the top 10 in America.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: December 14, 2009
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a meeting of Florida Republicans
Fact-check justification: And even if he missed it, the Orlando Sentinel put the rankings very much in doubt back in September. But there's plenty of good news to be found in the Education Week rankings. Florida's K-12 achievement ranks 7th in the country, and the state ranks 10th overall. That's certainly worth cheering and, we assume, part of the point Crist was trying to make to begin with. On the whole, he gets a .
Statement: Russian mansions Obama seized were meant to be illegal gifts to Sasha and Malia
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 12, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog
Fact-check justification: "Those properties to which you refer are part of a larger dialogue with the Russian Federation," Deputy Secretary of State John J. Sullivan told Sen. Jeanne Shaheen, D-N.H., during a Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing. "There are a whole host of issues we're discussing with the Russian Federation, but my commitment is that we will consult with you on this issue before any final implementation of an agreement that we don't have yet with the Russian Federation," Sullivan said. The source of the  news, Newsfeedhunter.com, even admits its stories are fabrications. "We present fiction as fact and our sources don’t actually exist," the disclaimer says. We rate this statement !
Statement: Monkeypox is a complete, fake sham" that's "designed to force lockdowns, mandates and shots.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 17, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A video shared on Facebook carried the caption, "Monkeypox power-grabbing sham!  ‘outbreak’ designed to force lockdowns, mandates, and shots." It showed a clip of Peters asserting the monkeypox outbreak was a " sham" and pointed to low death counts from the virus as proof. The disease has infected nearly 48,000 people globally and killed 13. There have been no government lockdowns or vaccine mandates issued in response. It is not a sham.  We rate this  !
Statement: Corporate taxes will soon be the highest in the industrialized world.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: March 30, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: corporations;taxes
Context: a “Wall Street Journal” op-ed
Fact-check justification: By a wider measure, the total tax rate calculated by the World Bank, Rubio’s not even close. And we think it’s a fair bet some readers would assume from Rubio’s statement that American corporations would soon face the world’s highest tax burden — rather than simply face the world’s highest corporate income tax rate. But since the total tax rate goes beyond income taxes to include other taxes, it doesn’t seem fair to weigh this measure as heavily against Rubio’s statement. His statement, "Corporate taxes will soon be the highest in the industrialized world," contains some , though even the experts disagree about how much. We acknowledge the  is right by at least one measure, but rule it  because of the other ways to interpret it.
Statement: Says for the coronavirus, "the death rate in Texas, per capita of 29 million people, we're one of the lowest in the country.
Speaker: dan patrick
About the speaker: As a Houston state senator, Dan Patrick won election as lieutenant governor of Texas in November 2014 after earlier defeating incumbent David Dewhurst for his party's nomination. Patrick also has hosted a daily talk show on AM700 in Houston.
Date: March 31, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a briefing
Fact-check justification: Patrick said looking at the coronavirus "death rate in Texas, per capita of 29 million people, we're one of the lowest in the country." Patrick’s statement equates the death rate for coronavirus and the number of coronavirus deaths per capita in Texas, two different calculations. It is  that, at the time of Patrick’s statement, Texas was among the states with the lowest coronavirus death rate (and those with lowest number of deaths per capita) — but not by much. There were 29 states with a death rate of less than 2%. Experts cautioned that the actual coronavirus death rate cannot be accurately calculated until more people have been tested — and Texas is among the states with the lowest number of tests administered per capita. Patrick’s comparison is accurate based on the information available at the time of his statement, but his  needs clarification and is missing important context about testing. We rate it .
Statement: Says "Sean Duffy was a no-show" as Ashland County District Attorney while he was on the campaign trail
Speaker: julie lassa
About the speaker: Julie Lassa, a Democrat, was elected to the Wisconsin state Senate in 2003 after serving five years in the state Assembly. In November 2010, she lost a bid for the open U.S. House seat previously held by U.S. Rep. Dave Obey (D-Wis.). The district covers northwest Wisconsin.
Date: September 21, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: message machine 2010
Context: a campaign TV ad
Fact-check justification: Thus, her  largely centers on the testimony of assistant district attorney Dan Goglin, who cites several general examples of delays. But others at the Ashland County courthouse paint a different story and largely do not back up his claims. Nevertheless, by Duffy’s own admission, in his final months on the job it was a difficult balance. That is why, he said, he resigned -- something Lassa and other higher-office seekers have not done. We rate Lassa’s  .
Statement: The United Kingdom banned COVID-19 booster vaccines for people under 50.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 25, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In that case, we found that Denmark was focusing its booster campaign on people over 50 — not restricting everyone else from receiving a shot.   The United Kingdom has launched a similar booster campaign plan. But unlike Denmark, where people under 50 could still generally get the COVID-19 primary vaccine series, the U.K. Health Security Agency spokesperson told The Associated Press that healthy younger people who don’t have risk factors, such as cancer or pregnancy, won’t be able to get any COVID-19 vaccine shots going forward. People under 50 aren't banned from receiving the booster in the UK, but there are restrictions about who in that age range can get one. We rate this  .
Statement: Brittney Griner's shocking detention photos leaked online.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 1, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Kirill Kudryavstev took it for Agence France-Presse when Griner arrived at a June court hearing in Moscow. Another photographer, Alexander Zemlianichenko, also took pictures of Griner for The Associated Press; those images were published widely by news organizations.   The Facebook post directs users to a link in the post’s comments for the "full story." It’s an undated blog post of suspicious origin — viral-stories.online — and it refers to the same photos of Griner that were taken in court.   We rate claims about "leaked" detention photos .
Statement: In Catherine Cortez Masto's last term as attorney general, Nevada murder went up 11 percent, robbery went up 28 percent, rape 51 percent. When Cortez Masto left office, Nevada ranked as America's third most dangerous state.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: August 2, 2016
Location: nevada
Topics: candidate biography;criminal justice;crime
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The NRSC ad says Nevada was ranked as the third most dangerous state by the time Cortez Masto left office, and that "murder went up 11 percent, robbery went up 28 percent, rape 51 percent" during her second term. The NRSC cherry-picks a handful of short-term crime statistics to portray Cortez Masto as weak on crime enforcement. But the argument is flawed. Experts agree that crime statistics are a crude way to measure safety, and Nevada has several quirks that inflate the numbers. The ad claims that Cortez Masto "couldn’t keep us safe," but crime statistics have more to do with local law enforcement agencies than the state's attorney general. The NRSC offers no proven link connecting her actions as attorney general to a swing in murder, robbery and rape. The statement contains an element of  but leaves out important details. We rate the statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/20da9352-14b7-46e8-a972-54a48b43a59c
Statement: Police say there is a suspected serial killer in Baton Rouge.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 15, 2021
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In March, police recovered the body of a woman detectives said they believe was shot to death by her boyfriend. The woman’s body was found about 40 miles south of Baton Rouge, and her boyfriend was charged with murder. And in April, authorities found the body of a missing Louisiana State University student in the river. Officials have said no foul play or criminal activity is suspected in her death. We rate this post .
Statement: Medicare has spent $172 million on penis pumps in the last five years at $360 a pop.
Speaker: ilyse hogue
About the speaker: Ilyse Hogue is president of NARAL Pro-Choice America and a columnist for liberal magazine The Nation and CNN.com. She has previously worked with liberal groups such as MoveOn.org and Media Matters for America.
Date: March 12, 2014
Topics: medicare;sexuality;punditfact
Context: an interview on "The Daily Show"
Fact-check justification: Hogue said, "Medicare has spent $172 million on penis pumps in the last five years at $360 a pop." We’ll stay out of saying whether it’s legitimate for Medicare to cover vacuum erection systems for older men, and whether it’s unfair that many health plans would have to cover contraception. The Daily Show was trying to make a humorous point about tax money paying for some male sexual health products, which hasn’t been a source of controversy. As for Hogue’s statement, she gets the dollars right but misses on the timeframe. An inspector general’s report measured six years ending in 2011, not the most recent five years. That’s a minor point in judging her overall . We rate Hogue’s statement .
Statement: Federal magistrate approves $110 million defamation suit against LeBron James by Kyle Rittenhouse.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 1, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Though the  originated on a satire website, the Facebook post presented it as genuine news, with the comment, "I'd love to see that trial televised. Break out the popcorn folks, this is going to be the best series you see this year, the parade of lawsuits from Rittenhouse perhaps it might finally shut a few pieholes." The image shared with the headline in the Facebook post includes a sticker that says "ALLOD," which is another sign of its satirical origins. (It stands for America’s Last Line of Defense, which is part of the same network that publishes made-up stories .) We rate the  that Rittenhouse sued James for defamation !
Statement: When Tallahassee politicians and bureaucrats tried to run our schools, "I've stood up to them to protect local control.
Speaker: alex sink
About the speaker: Alex Sink is a candidate for Congress in Florida's 13th Congressional District. She served as Florida's Chief Financial Officer from 2007 to 2011. She was the Democratic Party's nominee for governor in 2010, but lost to Rick Scott.
Date: September 17, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: children;education;message machine 2010
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Sink clearly opposed Senate Bill 6 -- proposed by politicians and supported by the Education Commissioner -- which would have led to new teacher standards in schools statewide. But she was late in her opposition -- a week after the Senate voted for it and weeks after unions and educators started their much publicized protest. Thousands of Floridians had weighed in by calling or e-mailing elected officials in Tallahassee by the time Sink spoke up. Sink has omitted important context here, but she did stand up. We rate her  .
Statement: I've got 15 days from my announcement to file paperwork with the FEC!
Speaker: kid rock
About the speaker: A musician who in 2017 announced his intention to run for U.S. Senate from Michigan. 
Date: July 13, 2017
Topics: elections;pop culture;punditfact
Context: a post on KidRock.com
Fact-check justification: Kid Rock said, "I’ve got 15 days from my announcement to file paperwork with the FEC!" While he was quick to berate the press, Kid Rock oversimplified his explanation. Registration and reporting rules come into play after receiving or spending $5,000 on campaign activity, FEC rules say. Just saying you’re running for office doesn’t trigger the 15-day requirement, although it may be possible Kid Rock has already met that $5,000 limit somehow. We rate this statement .
Statement: Quotes Thomas Jefferson as saying "When governments fear the people, there is liberty. When the people fear the government, there is tyranny. The strongest reason for the people to retain the right to keep and bear arms is, as a last resort, to protect themselves against tyranny in government.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 15, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: At one point, a man named John Basil Barnhill said, "Where the people fear the government you have tyranny. Where the government fears the people you have liberty." Some variations of the quote begin with, "No free man shall ever be debarred the use of arms," as the first sentence, which comes from the first of Jefferson's three drafts of the Virginia Constitution in 1776, although in the second and third drafts, the sentence was amended to read, "No free man shall ever be debarred the use of arms (within his own lands or tenements)." Again, the latter sentence about using guns for protection against tyranny in government, Monticello officials say, "does not appear in the Virginia Constitution drafts or text as adopted, nor in any other known Jefferson writings." With no  for the quote’s authenticity, we rate this .
Statement: Japan says goodbye Moderna, hello ivermectin.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 31, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram user claimed Japan has dropped its use of the Moderna vaccine in favor of using ivermectin to treat the coronavirus after two people died following their vaccinations. The Japanese professional association that recommended ivermectin as a COVID-19 treatment has no power to enact policy changes for the country.  There has also been no conclusive  linking the Moderna vaccine to the deaths of three Japanese men. While more than 1.6 million doses of the Moderna vaccine were recalled because of contamination issues, Japan continues to administer shots of the Moderna vaccine.  We rate the  that Japan said "goodbye Moderna, hello ivermectin" .
Statement: There have been three people tried and convicted by the last administration in military courts. Two are walking the street right now.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: February 16, 2010
Location: national
Topics: homeland security;legal issues;crime;military;terrorism
Context: an interview on "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: In the interview on Face the Nation , Biden said he believed traditional federal courts would provide the longest sentences to terrorists, based on their track record of convictions. Of Khalid Sheik Mohammed, Biden said, "Looking at the  that's been made available to me as part of, in a generic sense, the executive branch and the prosecuting team, I am absolutely convinced he will be put away for a long, long time." The debate on military commissions versus federal courts will no doubt continue. Here, we're checking Biden's statement that three people had been tried and convicted by the last administration in military courts, and that two are "walking the street right now." The facts support that, and we rate his statement .
Statement: The majority of Americans are conservatives.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: February 9, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: corrections and updates;polls and public opinion
Context: a speech at the CPAC conference
Fact-check justification: Rubio said that the majority of Americans are conservative. Two of the three pollls show that while conservatives are a plurality, they are short of a majority. Rubio can't  majority status because a significant share of the electorate identifies itself as moderate. In the one poll that gives voters two choices -- liberal or conservative -- conservatives have consistently been the majority. So by the two polls, he was . By one, he was correct and we find support for his underlying point that there are more conservatives than liberals. On balance, we rate this  .
Statement: Missouri, in general, has more crime, percentage-wise, than the rest of the country. So, we are seeing overall crime throughout the country is going down but not here in Missouri.
Speaker: jean evans
About the speaker: Rep. Jean Evans, a Republican, represents parts of St. Louis County in the Missouri House of Representatives. She was elected to her first two-year term in November 2016. 
Date: October 7, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: crime
Context: Missouri Times article
Fact-check justification: Evans said, "Missouri, in general, has more crime, percentage-wise, than the rest of the country. So, we are seeing overall crime throughout the country is going down but not here in Missouri." According to the FBI data, Missouri’s violent crime rate has risen sharply over the past five years. The national rate has risen, but not by much. For property crime, the state and nation have seen decreases since 2013.  Evans’  is partially accurate, but generalizes the state and ignores the most recent FBI data. We rate this  .
Statement: Says, "when this governor came to office, he had (an) 11 billion dollar  - I call it mismanagement – deficit.
Speaker: jon bramnick
About the speaker: Jon Bramnick is a Republican state assemblyman representing parts of Morris, Somerset and Union counties. Bramnick also serves as the Assembly Republican Leader.
Date: February 8, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: debt;deficit;state budget
Context: a panel discussion for "On The Record with Michael Aron"
Fact-check justification: Bramnick said during a roundtable discussion on NJTV’s "On The Record" with Michael Aron" that "when this governor came to office, he had (an) 11 billion dollar  -- I call it mismanagement -- deficit." The OLS projected a nearly $11 billion structural deficit for the fiscal year 2011 budget created under Corzine, but it’s the type of deficit that measures how much money the state would need to maintain funding for services, if all required spending was fully funded and revenues stayed the same. Bramnick’s right that a deficit existed when Christie came into office, but it was a theoretical one that resulted because administrations prior to Christie’s didn’t spend all of the money needed to fully fund required expenses -- a move Christie repeated for his first budget as governor. We rate Bramnick's  . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: This year, Newt Gingrich "has raised as much money as Mitt Romney, Tim Pawlenty, Sarah Palin, and Mike Huckabee combined.
Speaker: esquire magazine
About the speaker: Esquire magazine
Date: August 10, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a magazine profile
Fact-check justification: Federal filings confirm that Gingrich has indeed raised more than the other candidates combined -- but with a very important caveat. Comparing 527 groups with PACs is not entirely fair because it's much easier for a 527 group to raise money. The Esquire article acknowledged the difference between PACs and 527 groups. And while it mixed up some details, it got right the overall point that they're hard to compare. Given that Esquire gave its statement adequate context, we rule this statement .