chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: There is debate among constitutional scholars about whether the First Amendment will continue to protect faith leaders from being forced to perform marriages against their religious beliefs.
Speaker: david ralston
About the speaker: David Ralston, a Republican, is speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives.
Date: July 13, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: legal issues;lgbtq;marriage;religion;supreme court
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Georgia House Speaker David Ralston has announced he will propose a pastor protection bill, spelling out that faith leaders in the state have the right to refuse to perform any marriage ceremony that goes against their religious convictions. "In Georgia, we're going to come down clearly on the side of the separation of church and state, and as long as you have constitutional scholars debating among themselves whether this is covered, then I think we need to remove all uncertainty and all doubt," Ralston said in an interview two days after announcing plans for the bill. We don’t  to have reached every constitutional scholar. But we could find no  that there are any constitutional scholars who believe the ruling diminishes the First Amendment protections of religious freedom or forces religious leaders to marry people against their personal religious beliefs. Ralston, himself, acknowledges that. But he says there’s unease in the community and a "perception" to contend with. That’s a different argument for the bill. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says an illegal immigrant fraudulently claimed children who actually lived in Mexico on income tax forms to collect more than $29,000.
Speaker: jack kingston
About the speaker: Jack Kingston, a Republican, is a former U.S. Representative from Georgia and a political commentator.
Date: August 1, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: The person, he said, received refunds totaling $29,608. Our findings showed that the congressman’s , made on his congressional website and in a television interview, was not entirely correct. Kingston’s dollar figure was accurate. But four illegal immigrants -- not one -- used someone’s address to collect money for the tax credits. We rate Kingston’s  .
Statement: Protesters in La Crosse blocked an exit and surrounded a State Patrol car carrying the governor and were "beating on the windows and rocking the vehicle." When the car was "extricated" from the crowd, a truck blocked a second exit.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: November 19, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;state budget;unions
Context: a book
Fact-check justification: Local police, journalists at the scene, and people from the company and the crowd do not recall seeing Walker’s car rocked or banged upon. And no one involved in news coverage, local law enforcement or witnesses reported seeing a truck blocking the car from leaving. Finally, in a recent interview, Walker toned down his description of the incident.   Based on the available information, we think the book’s depiction of what happened -- an organized effort to prevent Walker from leaving that placed him in direct danger -- is . You may comment on this article on the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel website .
Statement: In Boone County (Missouri) with a 1.7% unemployment rate, we can't find enough people, we can't fill all the job openings.
Speaker: cheri toalson reisch
About the speaker: Cheri Toalson Reisch, a Republican, is a member of the Missouri House of Representatives, elected in 2016.
Date: February 1, 2020
Location: missouri
Topics: economy;jobs;workers
Context: a House Special Committee hearing on Criminal Justice
Fact-check justification: Reisch said, "In Boone County, with a 1.7 percent unemployment rate, we can’t find enough people, we can’t fill all the job openings." She used an outdated number that has since grown, but it’s not that much different.  The second part, verifying that Boone County retail businesses can’t find people to hire, is supported by open jobs numbers and a local expert. The big companies can pay more, leaving that quick store down the street scrambling for employees.
Statement: Over 20 percent of the electorate is Hispanic" in Florida.
Speaker: annette taddeo
About the speaker: Annette Taddeo announced in October 2021 that she is running in the Democratic primary for Florida governor. Taddeo was elected in September 2017 as a state senator in Miami-Dade County. She is a former chairwoman of the Miami-Dade Democratic party. She lost a Democratic primary for Congressional District 26 against Joe Garcia in 2016. She ran for lieutenant governor on a ticket with former Gov. Charlie Crist in 2014 and lost.  
 
Date: April 21, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Taddeo-Goldstein said that "over 20 percent of the (Florida) electorate is Hispanic." While more than 20 percent of the state’s population is Hispanic -- 23 percent to be exact -- the percentage of Hispanic registered voters is lower. State data shows that 13.9 percent of the state’s registered voters were Hispanic as of October 2012, a number that had climbed to 14.2 percent by the end of 2013. If adjustments are made for the fact that the data is self-reported and doesn't include some voter registrations made years ago, the figure likely approaches 20 percent, but doesn't necessarily get all the way there. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "has been talking about the option of using a nuclear weapon against our Western European allies.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: August 2, 2016
Location: national
Topics: nuclear
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: A Clinton campaign ad claims Trump has talked about the option of using nuclear weapons against America’s western European allies. Experts said his comments on nuclear weapons are imprecise, but they interpreted his comments as vaguely aligned with U.S. policy, at least in the sense that America does not rule out using weapons to protect allies. Trump never explicitly talked about using nuclear weapons against America’s allies in Europe -- but that he he is just leaving the option open. The  has an element of  but is , so we rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/6046bf15-c408-418b-a780-1b5220f04bca
Statement: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 120 Americans on average die from a drug overdose every day. Overall, drug overdose deaths now outnumber deaths from firearms.
Speaker: joe pitts
About the speaker: Joe Pitts represents the 16th congressional district of Pennsylvania. He's a former teacher and Air Force captain who also served in the Pennsylvania state House. He was elected to Congress in 1996.
Date: March 10, 2016
Location: national
Topics: drugs;health care;public health;guns
Context: a Medium post
Fact-check justification: Pitts said that "according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 120 Americans on average die from a drug overdose every day. Overall, drug overdose deaths now outnumber deaths from firearms." Pitts is very close on the first part, and he’s correct on the second. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Amber Heard plagiarized lines from the movie "The Talented Mr. Ripley" in her opening statement during the Johnny Depp libel trial.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 5, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Social media posts  that Heard plagiarized lines from the movie "The Talented Mr. Ripley" during her testimony in the defamation trial brought by her ex-husband. This is . A  transcript made it look like Heard repeated lines verbatim from the movie. Multiple reviews of the proceedings show that she did not make the comments attributed to her online.  We rate these posts .
Statement: Mayo Clinic study shows Pfizer vaccine dropped to 42% effective.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 12, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claims: "Mayo Clinic study shows Pfizer vaccine dropped to 42% effective." The Mayo study, which is not yet peer-reviewed, looked at people who had received at least one dose of the two-shot Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. It found that from January to July 2021, the Pfizer vaccine was 85% effective in preventing hospitalization and 76% effective in preventing infection. In July alone, after the virus’ more contagious delta variant had taken hold, Pfizer’s vaccine was 75% effective in preventing hospitalization but only 42% in preventing infection. The statement is partially accurate, but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Says Rep. Rashida Tlaib "wears the symbolic scarf patterned after the Islamic terrorist state.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 4, 2020
Topics: fake news;terrorism;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: This post plays off of a similar  circulated in December 2019 that accused Tlaib of wearing the scarf of Hamas terrorists. Armed Palestinian groups have worn the keffiyeh. The red and white version is often associated with Hamas , while black and white is tied more to Fatah, which has renounced armed resistance . But in practice, the scarf is worn by many people worldwide , often as a matter of fashion, not politics. We rate this .
Statement: The second-largest investor in Regeneron" is a firm whose CEO is Ron DeSantis' "number one political donor.
Speaker: democratic underground
About the speaker: Democratic Underground describes itself as "an online community where politically liberal people can do their part to effect political and social change."
 
Date: August 17, 2021
Location: florida
Topics: campaign finance;corporations;drugs;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Democratic Underground claimed that "the second-largest investor in Regeneron" is a firm whose CEO is DeSantis’ "number one political donor." Citadel’s CEO is a major donor to the Florida governor’s political action committee, and his firm has investments in Regeneron, a company that makes a drug product for treating COVID-19. But it is far from being the second-largest investor in Regeneron. We rate the post .
Statement: McDonald's in England only sells organic milk and free-range eggs, which provides more nutritious offerings than in the U.S.
Speaker: jamie oliver
About the speaker: Jamie Oliver is a celebrity chef and nutrition advocate. His ABC reality series, "Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution" --in which he tried to transform the eating habits of the residents of Huntington, W.V., won an Emmy award.
 
Date: August 29, 2010
Location: national
Topics: education;food safety;this week - abc news
Context: a roundtable discussion on ABC's "This Week with Christiane Amanpour."
Fact-check justification: The British McDonald's stores still use non-organic milk in milkshakes. Oliver was on the mark when he noted that in the U.K., McDonald's uses only free-range eggs, while they are not used in the U.S. But when Oliver said McDonald's in England is "nothing like" the U.S. one, he implies the policies in England translate to substantially more nutritional food offerings. While the U.K. policies have drawn praise from animal rights groups, experts say it's a stretch to say they translate to better nutrition. And so we rule Oliver's  .
Statement: The transportation package passed by the General Assembly would impose the "largest tax increase in Virginia's history.
Speaker: jamie radtke
About the speaker: Jamie Radtke, a Republican, was a candidate for the GOP nomination for U.S. Senate in 2012 and was president of the Richmond Tea Party and co-founder of the Virginia Tea Party Patriots Federation.
Radtke graduated from Liberty University, Lynchburg, in 1995 and earned a master's degree in public policy from the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, in 1998.
Date: March 3, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: taxes
Context: a website post
Fact-check justification: Radtke said that the transportation package approved by the General Assembly this year amounts to the largest tax increase in Virginia history. Using raw dollars, she’s correct. But that’s not the whole story. The value of a dollar changes over time. When inflation is factored, the value of legislation approved in 1966 that created the state’s sales tax would be $1.67 billion annually today. That exceeds the $1.25 billion-a-year potential of this year’s bill. Radtke’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important information. That makes it .
Statement: Nevada has been recently ranked No. 1 in "unemployment, foreclosures, violent crime, personal bankruptcy and divorce.
Speaker: florida chamber of commerce
About the speaker: The Florida Chamber of Commerce is a business group that is supporting a series of proposed education reforms that would tie teacher pay increases to student performance.
Date: December 8, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: gambling
Context: a news article
Fact-check justification:     Mark Wilson, the CEO of the Florida Chamber of Commerce, said that Nevada has been recently ranked No. 1 in unemployment, foreclosures, violent crime, personal bankruptcy and divorce. The state of Nevada is clearly No. 1 in its unemployment and foreclosure rate -- and it's the highest for violent crime, too, if we omit the District of Columbia, which isn't a state. CQ 's analysis shows Nevada at the top spot for personal bankruptcy. The statistics on divorce are somewhat more complicated but one recent source, the National Center for Health Statistics, concluded Nevada's overall divorce rate was the highest in the country in 2009 among the states for which such data was available.     We rate this statement .
Statement: This man who was kicked and stomped" was killed by an "antifa murderer.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 3, 2020
Location: oregon
Topics: public safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that an "antifa murderer" had killed a man that "was kicked and stomped" at a protest. There is no  that the attackers are part of the antifa movement. The attack took place where many were peacefully protesting the Minneapolis police’s treatment of George Floyd.  According to videos of the attack from journalists at the protest, the man in the blue shirt got up after the attack and was walking around and talking. Portland police also confirmed in a press release that the victim isn’t dead. We rate this  .
Statement: The migration of Hondurans toward the United States "was funded by Democrat activists.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 21, 2018
Topics: corrections and updates;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: No NGO -- Democratic or not -- has acknowledged financing creation of the caravan, and bloggers have not specifically named any group. Soros' philanthropic Open Society Foundations released a statement Oct. 18 saying, "Neither Mr. Soros nor Open Society are funding this effort." And bloggers have offered no  to the contrary. Thus, the  that the Honduran exodus "was funded by Democrat activists" is all talk and no walk. We rate it .
Statement: Says she heard more than 2,400 cases as a Wisconsin appeals court judge
Speaker: patience roggensack
About the speaker: Patience Roggensack was a lawyer in private practice in Madison, Wis., when she was elected to the Wisconsin Appeals Court, District 4, in 1996. She ran for Supreme Court in 2003, winning a 10-year term. She stood for re-election in 2013.
Date: February 6, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: legal issues
Context: a campaign TV ad
Fact-check justification: The figure turns out to be an estimate, not an actual count. A harder count put the number at 2,186, though it, too, includes some assumptions. The count includes minor and major cases, and a large number in which the judge’s decision is written up by staff attorneys. But they are all cases reviewed and decided by the judge -- in essence "heard" -- and Roggensack made no  that her number involved only judge-authored opinions. So with the clarifications noted, we rate the statement .
Statement: Kasich's budget raised taxes by billions, hitting businesses hard and the middle class even harder.
Speaker: american future fund
About the speaker: American Future Fund is a conservative organization.
Date: January 28, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: An ad from the American Future Fund said, "Kasich’s budget raised taxes by billions, hitting businesses hard and the middle class even harder." His budget did raise taxes, but then it cut taxes by billions. The biggest increase in Kasich’s plan, a bump of $1.5 billion over two years, is the sales tax increase. That increase offsets Kasich’s income tax cuts, which total $1.88 billion over the same two-year period. The ad said these tax increases hit businesses hard. Some businesses -- the biggest ones -- would see a flat tax rate increase of 3 percent. But the income tax cuts reward the most affluent Ohioans -- many tied to big businesses -- with thousands of dollars in tax breaks. Were middle-class Ohioans hit the hardest? Most would break even or see a slight tax increase. It would have been more accurate to say that the poorest taxpayers would gain nothing from Kasich’s tax restructuring. But that wouldn’t make for much of an attack ad. We rate this statement . Editor's note: The original headline of this fact-check misidentified the American Future Fund as a "Koch group."
Statement: Says "Congressman Eric Cantor wants to eliminate Social Security.
Speaker: campaign for america's future
About the speaker: The Campaign for America's Future bills itself as "the strategy center for the progressive movement."
Date: April 8, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: social security
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: But Cantor had a made a number of statements, previous to the ad, which show that is not his position. The Majority Leader has said the program must be changed   to remain viable, not eliminated , even though he has been short on specifics about how he would reform Social Security. It would have been easy for the Campaign for America’s Future to find those statements before they ran the ad. Instead, they cherry-picked a Cantor comment and gave it no context. We rate their statement .
Statement: An image shows National Guard at the Capitol during the Black Lives Matter protests in D.C.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 6, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Our ruling  A post on Facebook seeks to compare police presence at the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021, with police response to Black Lives Matter demonstrations in D.C. in June 2020. But it shows a picture taken in front of the Lincoln Memorial and says, "Just a reminder, the 1st image was the capitol’s security during a Black Lives Matter protest. "  That’s , though the central thrust of the post — that police presence on Jan. 6 was far lighter than that over the summer — has merit. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  . ​
Statement: Ted Cruz is mathematically out of winning the race.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 20, 2016
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Ted Cruz is mathematically out of winning the race." Cruz would need at the very least 678 more delegates to win the race. It’s impossible for him to reach that number in the remaining primaries, given that there are just 674 delegates left to win. However, he could conceivably find more supporters in the states who’ve already held primaries, given that a few dozen are thus far uncommitted. Trump’s statement is largely accurate but needs additional information. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/614c5bc7-e903-4c05-9fc7-352f789fed99
Statement: 22 veterans take their own lives each day.
Speaker: kamala harris
About the speaker: Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States. Harris was elected as a senator from California in 2016. She previously was California’s attorney general from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 until 2011, she was the district attorney of San Francisco. Harris received a bachelor’s degree in political science and economics from Howard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in December. On Aug. 11, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden named Harris as his running mate.
Date: August 18, 2016
Location: california
Topics: veterans
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Kamala Harris recently said "22 veterans take their own lives each day." The number she cites relies on data from a 2012 VA study by the VA, which was limited and included caveats. That old report has been widely cited by Republicans and Democrats, including Harris’ opponent in her run for U.S. Senate. But Harris’  ignores research the VA released in July for its most comprehensive report yet on veteran suicides, with records from all states. The new study found an average of about 20 veterans a day, two fewer than what Harris claimed. Harris’ statement is close, but needs clarification or additional information. We rate her  .   – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.