chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: President Barack Obama's policies have forced "many parts of the country to experience rolling blackouts.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: March 10, 2012
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: a op-ed posted on his website
Fact-check justification: Santorum’s said that Obama’s policies have forced "many parts of the country to experience rolling blackouts" -- evoking images of Third World countries. But neither Santorum nor experts offered any  that widespread rolling blackouts have occured. Arguably, squirrels are as much a threat to the power supply today. We rate the  .
Statement: Says more than 8,000 people have supported her campaign as volunteers, donors and advisors and endorsers.
Speaker: mary nolan
About the speaker: Mary Nolan represents Southwest Portland in the Oregon House of Representatives. She has said she will run for a seat on the Portland City Council in 2012
Date: April 18, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: message machine 2012;unions
Context: a campaign website
Fact-check justification: Unions are valuable when it comes to campaigning on behalf of a candidate -- making phone calls, knocking on doors -- and donating political action committee money. But a union endorsement is not the same thing as getting support or money from the individuals who make up that union. The statement is partially accurate in that certain unions with their memberships have endorsed Nolan. But the statement takes things out of context, in that the members have not all individually cited support for Nolan. We find her statement .
Statement: The government has been putting ground up human teeth and bone in our food and calling it 'calcium phosphate.'
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 3, 2023
Location: national
Topics: food
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: "They occur naturally in rocks. Commercially, it is made from phosphorus rock and calcium salts with phosphoric acid." "The FDA prohibits the use of human remains in food products," U.S. Food and Drug Administration spokesperson Courtney Rhodes told USA Today in March.   "The agency’s regulations state that any food product that contains non-food materials, including human remains, is considered adulterated and cannot be sold or distributed for consumption," she said in a statement to the newspaper.    We rate the  that "the government has been putting ground up human teeth and bone in our food and calling it 'calcium phosphate’" !
Statement: Bad math (is) driving Wisconsin's exploding positive test rate.
Speaker: maciver institute
About the speaker: The MacIver Institute is a Madison, Wis.-based conservative think tank and news organization.
Date: September 23, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: public health;states;coronavirus
Context: an online article
Fact-check justification: A MacIver article widely shared on Facebook says "bad math" is to blame for Wisconsin’s "exploding positive test rate." This is  on multiple fronts.They’re asserting manipulated math is behind the increase in test positivity, but it’s actually because the number of people testing positive has risen based on human behavior.  There is no "bad math." The state DHS uses a methodology (tallying people tested rather than raw tests) that is widely used by health agencies around the country. It is considered a more accurate approach because it assures people who are tested on a regular, even daily, basis — such as health care workers — don’t skew the data. And whatever the quibbles with the methodology, this wouldn’t cause the increase in the test positivity rate because the formula DHS used to calculate the rate was the same throughout the time period. That makes this  both  and , or as we call it, . Note: DHS updated their COVID-19 dashboard Sept. 30, the day after this story published, to include test positivity in terms of both tests and people. That does not affect the rating for this item since the per-person method remains on the DHS website and remains an acceptable and even preferred approach.
Statement: We have four combat-ready brigades out of 40 in the U.S. Army.
Speaker: dick cheney
About the speaker: Dick Cheney served as Vice President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 in the administration of George W. Bush.
Date: September 24, 2014
Topics: federal budget;military;terrorism;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "Hannity" on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Cheney said that the Army has only four combat-ready brigades out of 40. While we don't have precise numbers, Army staff said there were seven combat-ready brigades in June, and that the situation has improved since then. Overall, there are 38 brigades not 40 as Cheney said. Making some allowance for shifting numbers, we rate the  .
Statement: There is a place in the U.S. where murder is legal.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: May 19, 2021
Topics: crime
Context: a TikTok video
Fact-check justification: A TikTok user claimed, "There is a place in the U.S. where murder is legal." A provision in the Sixth Amendment might make prosecuting some crimes committed within the Idaho portion of Yellowstone National Park complicated. It hasn’t been done before, and it’s unclear exactly what would happen. But murder isn’t legal in that region or anywhere else.  We rate this  .
Statement: Illegal aliens are costing Georgia taxpayers over a billion dollars every year.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: July 6, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration;message machine 2010
Context: a TV campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: And while Deal's cost figure is rooted in data, there's an excellent chance that it's much higher than it should be. It's not possible for PolitiFact Georgia to calculate a specific cost. Too little information exists on the subject for that calculation. Deal has a point, but his conclusion leaves out important details, which could lead to a different conclusion. For this reason, Deal's statement earns a .
Statement: Across the country, more than half of the U.S. attorney seats remain without a prosecutor chosen by Obama.
Speaker: thomas melsheimer
About the speaker: Thomas Melsheimer, the managing principal in the Dallas office of Fish & Richardson, heads the office's trial practice, according to a firm web post. He was an assistant United States Attorney for the Northern District of Texas from 1990 to 1993 and prosecuted the largest bank fraud case ever undertaken in Texas, involving more than $200 million in fraud, according to the post.
Date: June 7, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: legal issues
Context: an op-ed article
Fact-check justification: Attorney Richard Roper, Bush's appointed U.S. attorney for the Northern District of Texas through 2008, agreed, saying political appointees -- "somebody on the president's team and the attorney general's team" help make sure "all priorities of the attorney general are being carried out." As for the lawyers' statement, it misses the mark: Obama choices were confirmed for more than half the nation's U.S. attorney slots as of early May. Yet it's not off by much. Obama still doesn't have appointees in place in nearly half the posts. We rate the statement .
Statement: Under legislation that has cleared the Georgia House, some children who are "legal refugees" could obtain state scholarships to attend private schools.
Speaker: the associated press
About the speaker: The Associated Press, major news organization.
Date: March 9, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration;autism;children;disability;education;families;state budget
Context: article
Fact-check justification: The children were placed in Georgia early in the year by the federal Office of Refugee Resettlement as the Obama administration grappled with a surge of Central American children illegally crossing the southwest border. Our conclusion: Legislation has cleared the Georgia House that would expand the list of students eligible for a private school scholarship program created in 2007. The scholarships are now offered in varying amounts to students with disabilities. The bill would open the program to about 700 legal refugees who are not proficient in English. We rate the statement .
Statement: When I became president and CEO of Godfather's Pizza, it was supposed to go bankrupt . . . We turned it around with common-sense business principles.
Speaker: herman cain
About the speaker: Herman Cain is an author, columnist and talk radio host. Cain, a former pizza franchise CEO, ran for president as a Republican in 2012.
Date: May 26, 2011
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;corporations
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: A thorough review of business records and interviews with executives who worked with Cain show that the chain was widely considered troubled when he arrived. It's a slight exaggeration to say it was supposed to go bankrupt. But from all accounts, Cain's performance as CEO is widely considered a success. So we rate this statement .
Statement: The debate on securing our border can't be measured in partisan jabs. It has to be measured in the human toll caused by porous borders: 1/3 migrant women are sexually assaulted;  7/10 migrants are victims of violence; 20k migrant children were illegally smuggled last month.
Speaker: mark walker
About the speaker: Mark Walker, a Republican, represented North Carolina's 6th Congressional District from 2015-2020. He is running in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate in 2022. 
Date: January 9, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: immigration
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In a Jan. 9 tweet, Walker said "porous borders" had resulted in one-third of migrant women experiencing sexual assault, 70 percent of migrants experiencing violence, and the illegal smuggling of 20,000 migrant children across the border in December. Although Walker got the first two numbers straight from a Doctors Without Borders report, his suggestion that the violence occurred because of existing border conditions was highly . The statistics came from a survey that asked Central American migrants receiving medical treatment in Mexico about their experience traveling through Mexico. Also, the head of the group behind the report said violence in their home countries was a factor in why they left. The third statistic Walker cited was also , since he conflated the 19,313 minors apprehended at the border last month with the much smaller number of minors who would have been caught traveling with smugglers. Overall, Walker’s  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this statement .
Statement: Richard Corcoran has a plan to divert even more of our tax dollars to unaccountable private schools.
Speaker: florida education association
About the speaker: Florida Education Association represents more than 250,000 teachers and education staff professional in Florida’s 67 school districts
Date: February 5, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a Youtube video
Fact-check justification: The FEA said that "Richard Corcoran has a plan to divert even more of our tax dollars to unaccountable private schools." This  requires some explanation. The plan for diverting dollars refers to the Legislature’s decision to expand the state’s Tax Credit Scholarship Program and the Hope Scholarship proposal, which is included in HB 7055. The bill does create a new funding stream, but it doesn’t literally move money from traditional sources of public school revenue. And while there are some rules that govern private schools that receive vouchers, experts said there is a huge difference in oversight between those schools and public school. With everything considered, we rated this  .
Statement: The daughter of a Donald Trump appointee posed as an El Paso shooting victim in a photo with the president.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 12, 2019
Topics: fake news;crime;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Ivanka Trump posted the second photo on Twitter on Aug. 7 and tweeted: "Thank you @WHAAsstSecty Kim Breier for your friendship and service. While Jared and I will miss working with you, we are happy that Emma will now get to see more of the mom she is so proud of!"   On Facebook, Ivanka Trump’s photo was cropped to exclude the image of Kimberly Breier, the assistant secretary of state for the western hemisphere, who resigned this month .   These images are of two different people. We rate this Facebook post !
Statement: Broward County deputy says civil rights attorneys were handing out absentee ballots to inmates AFTER ELECTION?
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 13, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A story posted online and shared on Facebook thousands of times stated that a "Broward County deputy says civil rights attorneys were handing out absentee ballots to inmates AFTER ELECTION?" We rate this statement .
Statement: Says state's expected "increase in federal political clout is almost entirely due to the growth of the African American and Hispanic populations in Texas in virtually every region of the state.
Speaker: lone star project
About the speaker: The Lone Star Project describes itself as "providing fact-based political and legislative analysis designed to help individuals, organizations and the press see beyond the rhetoric and misinformation typically provided by the current Republican State Leadership in Texas and Texas Republicans in Washington... The Lone Star Project is organized as an activity of the Lone Star Fund, which is a federal political action committee registered with the Federal Elections Commission."
Date: April 29, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: census;elections
Context: an e-mail blast
Fact-check justification: Martin cautioned against using any projection to reach conclusions. He said in an e-mail: "Unless you gather a lot of projections and somehow average them out and make an informed decision about why a lot of smart people come up with different numbers, using any single projected raw number is not reliable." In the end? We're persuaded that Hispanic growth alone stands to merit most credit for Texas gaining three to four additional House seats, but no one can say for certain until the census is complete. We rate the statement as .
Statement: Says that under Texas law, it takes six years to close a failing school.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: November 29, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: remarks to the Dallas Regional Chamber
Fact-check justification: Dewhurst said it takes six years under Texas law to close a failing school. That’s the maximum, and it’s usually taken nearly that long, but by law a commissioner can order closure after just three years. We rate Dewhurst’s statement as .
Statement: Mr. Hurt would re-open that darn (Medicare) doughnut hole.
Speaker: tom perriello
About the speaker: Tom Perriello, a Democrat, was elected in 2008 to represent Virginia's 5th Congressional District. He lost his 2010 re-election bid to Robert Hurt.
Before his election, Perriello was involved in international justice and sustainable peace.
Perriello was born and raised in Ivy. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1996 and a law degree in 2001, both from Yale University, New Haven, Conn.
Date: October 6, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: medicare;message machine 2010
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: The ad's  is based on Hurt's position that he wants to repeal the Democrats' health care bill in general, and it included a provision to phase out the doughnut hole. Hurt has not explicitly said he wants to reopen the hole, so Perriello is connecting some dots to make his case.   In fact, Hurt's campaign says that while he wants to repeal the health care bill, Hurt believes working to close the doughnut hole is an area that should be addressed. That doesn't strike us as a full-throated pledge to close the gap the way the Democratic bill did, but it suggests Hurt is willing to consider retaining that aspect of the health care law. So we rate the ad's  .
Statement: I am going to be on the ballot in all 50 states. There is no other third-party candidate that's going to come close to achieving that.
Speaker: gary johnson
About the speaker: Gary Johnson is the Libertarian nominee for president in 2016. He was also the party's nominee in 2012. He previously served as governor of New Mexico as a Republican.
Date: August 17, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: elections
Context: an interview with Evan Smith on “Overheard,” premiered Sept. 6, 2012
Fact-check justification: Johnson said he’s going to be on the ballot in every state and no other third-party nominee will come close. He’s poised to be on the ballot in at least 47 states compared to about 40 states for Stein, the Green Party choice. We rate his  as .
Statement: Every four minutes, another American home or business goes solar.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 28, 2014
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: State of the Union speech
Fact-check justification: During the State of the Union, Obama said, "Every four minutes, another American home or business goes solar." Obama obtained that figure from an August report from Greentech Media. Solar has been expanding, but it remains a small slice of the overall market. We rate this  .
Statement: The Senate version of the economic stimulus package includes "millions of dollars to World War II Filipino veterans in the Philippines.
Speaker: jon kyl
About the speaker: Jon Kyl represented Arizona in the U.S. Senate from January 3,1995 to January 3, 2013. He served as the Republican party whip from 2007 to 2013. Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey appointed Kyl to succeed Sen. John McCain, who died while in office Aug. 25, 2018.
Date: February 1, 2009
Location: national
Topics: stimulus;veterans
Context: a Fox News interview
Fact-check justification: So back to Kyl's statement that the stimulus plan includes "millions of dollars to World War II Filipino veterans in the Philippines." The Senate version of the bill does include provisions for a program to compensate Filipino vets; and most of those who would be eligible for payments live in the Philippines. And, yes, the program is "authorized" for up to $198 million. But that wouldn't actually be part of the stimulus spending. That brings us to a .
Statement: The Post Office advises never send cash in the mail. It's not secure. Vote by mail?
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 16, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post says that the Postal Service says to never send cash by mail because it’s not secure. It suggests that means voting by mail isn’t secure. The Postal Service recommends sending money using a check or money order, but it doesn’t advise customers to never send cash in the mail, and the agency offers insurance coverage for cash mailings.  The Postal Service also says that voting by mail is a secure way to vote.  We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: About 95 percent of America's production of ethylene is produced on the Gulf Coast in Texas and Louisiana.
Speaker: david mckinley
About the speaker: David McKinley is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from West Virginia.
Date: September 23, 2019
Location: west virginia
Topics: energy
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: McKinley said, "About 95% of America’s production of ethylene is produced on the Gulf Coast in Texas and Louisiana — a region exposed to major storms like Hurricane Harvey." The scale of operations in Appalachia are on track to grow in the coming years, but for now, McKinley is correct: Energy Department data shows that more than 95% of U.S. ethylene production capacity is located in either Texas or Louisiana.  We rate his statement .
Statement: One unnamed donor gave $17 million to the Leo-affiliated Judicial Crisis Network to block the nomination of Judge Merrick Garland and to support Gorsuch; then a donor — perhaps the same one — gave another $17 million to prop up Kavanaugh.
Speaker: sheldon whitehouse
About the speaker: Sheldon Whitehouse is a Democratic U.S. Senator from Rhode Island.
Date: September 6, 2019
Location: national
Topics: supreme court
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Whitehouse said, "One unnamed donor gave $17 million to the Leo-affiliated Judicial Crisis Network to block the nomination of Judge Merrick Garland and to support Gorsuch; then a donor — perhaps the same one — gave another $17 million to prop up Kavanaugh." Public disclosure documents show the Judicial Crisis Network received $17.9 million in fiscal year 2016 and $17.1 million the following year. Both came from an undisclosed source during confirmation fights over two vacant Supreme Court seats. (We were unable to determine if it was from a single donor.) Media reports show a number of connections and overlapping interests between the Judicial Crisis Network and the influential conservative activist Leonard Leo.   We rate this .
Statement: [O]ver 200,000 ordinary citizens were given the opportunity to identify projects they preferred.
Speaker: metro atlanta voter education network
About the speaker: The Metro Atlanta Voter Education Network is a coalition of businesses and civic groups that is running a public information campaign to educate voters about a July 2012 transportation referrendum.
Date: April 2, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: transportation;taxes
Fact-check justification: The decision rested with the regional roundtable. Members could accept -- or ignore -- public comments as they saw fit.    That said, MAVEN’s mailer stopped short of saying that these voters controlled the process. Furthermore, its participation estimate is conservative. Its statement earns our highest rating -- .