chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: They say the ocean will rise one-eighth of an inch over the next 200 to 300 years.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 15, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: climate change;water
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "They say the ocean will rise one-eighth of an inch over the next 200 to 300 years." Experts predict rises in sea level many times larger than what Trump claimed. One federal agency said that U.S. sea level in 2100 is projected to be at least 2 feet higher on average than it was in 2000, and that’s with greenhouse gas emissions reduced "significantly." Trump’s statement is  and  — ! RELATED: Trump says he left Biden a perfect economy, but the facts say otherwise RELATED: Potential 2024 contenders, including Trump, keep the focus on 'freedom' RELATED: All of our fact-checks on Donald Trump
Statement: If a lawsuit backed by Josh Hawley succeeds, "nearly 2.5 million Missourians with pre-existing conditions could lose their health care coverage.
Speaker: missouri democratic party
About the speaker: The Missouri Democratic Party is the state Democratic party in the Show-Me State.
Date: July 17, 2018
Location: national
Topics: health care;legal issues
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The Missouri Democratic Party said that if a lawsuit backed by Hawley succeeds, "nearly 2.5 million Missourians with pre-existing conditions could lose their health care coverage." That figure represents the larger of two credible estimates. The alternative estimate is sizable -- 1.1 million people -- but it’s less than half as large as the figure cited in the tweet. In addition, the tweet’s description is incomplete. In reality, the 2.5 million figure includes people who would face premium increases and coverage exclusions, not just those who would lose coverage outright. It also encompasses many people who currently have employer-based coverage or Medicaid -- people who would not be at immediate risk of fallout from a successful lawsuit against the Affordable Care Act. We rate the statement .
Statement: Nearly all of the top 50 prescribers of oxycodone in the United States are in Florida.
Speaker: jeff kottkamp
About the speaker: Jeff Kottkamp is a former Florida lieutenant governor. He campaigned to be Florida Attorney General and was defeated in the Republican primary on Aug. 24, 2010.
Date: February 28, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: crime
Context: Florida newspapers
Fact-check justification: We want to drive them out of business all together." Back to Kottkamp's original statement. Trying to underscore the severity of the prescription drug problem in Florida, Kottkamp said that "nearly all of the top 50 prescribers" of the powerful pain killer oxycodone in the country are located in Florida. The DEA, using its most recent data, says that 49 out of 50 of the top oxycodone prescribers are located in Florida. We rate Kottkamp's statement .
Statement: In every ethics case that has resulted in a formal sanction, "there's been an investigative subcommittee that's been established first.
Speaker: alan grayson
About the speaker: Alan Grayson was initially elected to Congress in 2008, then defeated for re-election in 2010. He was elected again to Congress from a different district in 2012. He lost the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate in Florida in 2016.
Date: April 5, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: ethics
Context: a Tampa Bay Times interview
Fact-check justification: Grayson said that in every ethics case that has resulted in a formal sanction, "there's been an investigative subcommittee that's been established first." The formal sanctions he cited were expulsion, censure and reprimand, all of which are exceedingly rare punishments. There are only three examples to pick from since the Office of Congressional Ethics materialized in 2009. In one case — the case of Wilson yelling "you lie!" — a formal reprimand came via a largely party-line resolution, not an ethics investigation, so no subcommittee was established. More importantly, Grayson omits that there are many other ways to discipline a member of Congress beyond formal sanctions. He also downplays that the House Ethics Committee kept his case open and could convene an investigative committee later. We rate his statement .
Statement: Sarah Palin was repeating "Abraham Lincoln's words" in discussing the war in Iraq.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: September 11, 2008
Location: national
Topics: religion
Context: Fairbanks, Alaska
Fact-check justification: But Gibson's truncation of her comments — omitting the crucial words "pray for" — change the meaning of her comments from a wish to a certainty. Palin's and Lincoln's words are similar in that they both express a hope that a plan meets with God's favor. Granted, some people find any mention of God's will and warfare to be disturbing. But we find similarities between the two sets of comments. We find Palin's statement .
Statement: In the immediate wake of a fire and vandalism at the Madison headquarters of an anti-abortion group, Democrats had not condemned "activists who are engaging in this repugnant illegal activity.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: May 11, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;fires;crime;public safety
Context: News release
Fact-check justification: Johnson claimed that in the immediate wake of a fire and vandalism at the Madison headquarters of an anti-abortion group, Democrats had not condemned "activists who are engaging in this repugnant illegal activity." But at the time of the , Evers, Kaul and Baldwin, plus the Madison mayor and others had already done so. In addition, the White House issued a statement saying Biden condemned the incident.  To be sure, we could not find statements from several key elected Democrats in Wisconsin, including the congressman who represents Madison. And, clearly, not every Democratic leader in the nation had issued such a statement. But that wasn’t the nature of Johnson’s . For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is .
Statement: By 2014, there will be one administrator for every teacher on college campuses in the United States.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: November 9, 2011
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: Michigan
Fact-check justification: Gingrich said during the debate that "by 2014, there will be one administrator for every teacher on college campuses in the United States." A study by the Center for College Affordability and Productivity backs up that . But it uses a broad definition of "administrator," and narrower definitions would make the statement . In addition, faculty represented a growing share of college employees between 2000 and 2008, in part because of the growth in part-time instructors. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Says her health care plan would "ensure Americans with preexisting conditions are protected.
Speaker: kelly loeffler
About the speaker: Kelly Loeffler is a former U.S. Senator from Georgia.
Date: November 13, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: a proposal
Fact-check justification: Loeffler said her health care plan would "ensure Americans with preexisting conditions are protected." The plan lacks any detail to explain how it would provide protections that are at least as strong as the Affordable Care Act. Two of the plan’s provisions indicate it would make adequate and affordable insurance less accessible for people with preexisting conditions, experts say. Without  to back Loeffler’s , we rate it . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more. RELATED: 4 people want to be Georgia’s next 2 senators. The races could tip the Senate
Statement: If Obamacare is fully implemented, 30 million people will still be without health insurance.
Speaker: bob gibbs
About the speaker: Bob Gibbs is a Republican member of Congress from Ohio's 18th District.
Date: May 17, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: health care
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In the next 10 years, 25 million nonelderly people who don’t have insurance now would gain insurance under the bill. That’s important context that Gibbs overlooks in his tweet. According to CBO, the insurance rate for the nation’s non-elderly residents is predicted to rise from 80 percent this year to 90 percent in 2023. While Gibbs is right that many people will not have insurance after the law is implemented, his statement fails to acknowledge that it will enable millions of people to get insurance. We rule his statement .
Statement: Americans are 20 times as likely to die from gun violence as citizens of other civilized countries.
Speaker: lisa bloom
About the speaker: Lisa Bloom is a TV legal analyst and author of Swagger: 10 Urgent Rules for Raising Boys in an Era of Failing Schools, Mass Joblessness, and Thug Culture.
Date: January 14, 2014
Topics: punditfact;guns
Context: an interview with Piers Morgan
Fact-check justification: Bloom said, "Americans are 20 times as likely to die from gun violence as citizens of other civilized countries." Her phrasing is imperfect ("civilized" countries versus "developed"), and depending on what countries you count  you can reach a slightly different figure. But Bloom’s point is well-sourced and largely accurate. The United States has a much higher rate of the world’s most developed countries. We rate her statement .
Statement: In the early 1960s, all levels of government were "consuming about 27 percent of the U.S. economy," a number that has risen to 37 percent today. With that trendline, "we cease at some point to be a free economy.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 11, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget;new hampshire 2012;regulation
Context: Hanover, N.H
Fact-check justification: In June, we found this  . In August, we did again. Now, in October, we do for a third time, once again rating this part of Romney's statement . So the first part of his comment from the New Hampshire debate rates a , and the second part a . Averaging them out, we rate his statement in New Hampshire .
Statement: This week the House of Representatives voted to remove the word 'lunatic' from federal law.
Speaker: allen west
About the speaker: Allen West announced in July 2021 that he is running for the Republican primary for Texas governor. He served for about a year as chairman of the Texas Republican Party, stepping down in June 2021. West represented Florida's 22nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013. Lieutenant Colonel West retired from the Army in 2004 after 22 years of service.
Date: December 8, 2012
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: a weekly newsletter
Fact-check justification: West said the House of Representatives "voted to remove the word ‘lunatic’ from federal law." Indeed, the House voted 398-1 to do just that. We rate this  .
Statement: British data show the COVID shots are an abysmal failure, as COVID infection rates in the U.K. are higher among the 'fully vaccinated' in all adult cohorts.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 25, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: The data cited is only from England, not all of the United Kingdom. It also does not prove the vaccines are a failure. Data from England shows the rate of hospitalization and death is "substantially greater" in unvaccinated people compared with vaccinated people.  The rate of positive tests in England is higher in vaccinated people aged 30 and older, but health officials say that is expected in a country with very high vaccine coverage. We rate this  .
Statement: The CDC issued its first warning on Jan 8. Trump held campaign rallies on Jan 9, Jan 14, Jan 28, Jan 30, Feb 10, Feb 19, Feb 20, Feb 21, & Feb 28. He golfed on Jan 18, Jan 19, Feb 1, Feb 15, Mar 7, Mar 8. The first time he admitted the coronavirus might be a problem was Mar 13.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 31, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A recent Facebook post claimed that Trump was warned about COVID-19 on Jan. 8 but  continued to hold campaign rallies and play golf until he "admitted the coronavirus might be a problem" on March 13. While the golf and rally dates are accurate, the dates of the CDC’s first warning and Trump’s response to the coronavirus aren’t as clear cut.  There was a health advisory issued Jan. 8, though the threat to the U.S. was undefined and person-to-person transmission wasn’t established yet. It’s harder to determine the date on which Trump admitted there was a problem, but he did take specific actions before March 13. Those actions included creating a task force, signing a bill for health research funding and banning travel from China and Europe. The  is partially accurate but leaves out important context. We rate it .
Statement: A video shows Joe Biden making a racist comment.
Speaker: mooncult
About the speaker: @mooncult is a popular Twitter account. Its bio says it is “an exclusive 'weird twitter' posting collective operated by an anonymous rotating cast of your favorite online personalities & podcast hosts.” Weird Twitter is characterized by loose groups of users who experiment with spelling, punctuation and post format to create elaborate jokes or art.
Date: January 1, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a twitter video
Fact-check justification: A video posted on Twitter purports to show Joe Biden making a racist comment about America’s European roots. The clip selectively shortened something Biden said at a campaign event in New Hampshire. He was responding to a woman’s question about what he’s done to address domestic assault and sexual violence. In that response, Biden said, "this is about changing the culture, our culture." The tweeted clip does not include that context. More importantly, the video clip watched in isolation makes it falsely appear that Biden was making a racist comment dismissing minorities. When watched in full, his comment related to what he said were the roots of domestic violence in America. We rate this video clip . See a fishy video on social media that you want us to fact-check? Send it to [email protected] .
Statement: Says Ohio law gives tax breaks "to rich people who own private jets.
Speaker: mike foley
About the speaker: Mike Foley is a Democratic state representative in the Ohio General Assembly. His 14th District  includes constituents from Brook Park, Parma Heights, and three wards in Cleveland. He was appointed to his seat in May 2006 and then elected to the post in the 2006 and 2008 general elections.
Date: April 25, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: the Ohio House
Fact-check justification: The tax break, however, only applies to fractional ownership programs. That’s additional information that provides clarity. And to his credit, Foley did mention fractional ownership at a different point in his speech on the House floor. And the average share price previously reported -- $1.2 million – suggests the tax exemption would be available wealthy people, just as Foley claimed. On the -O-Meter, Foley’s  rates .
Statement: The Russian army is withdrawing from Ukraine!" in September 2022
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 3, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post and video claims Russia is ending its conflict with Ukraine and withdrawing from the country. It also claimed Putin admitted that Russia was losing the war and ordered politicians he told this to shot.  There is no  to support this. We rate this  .
Statement: Violent crime in Manhattan is "now at a record level.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 4, 2023
Location: new york
Topics: crime
Context: a post on Truth Social
Fact-check justification: "  NYPD data doesn't back him up. Violent crimes, including murder, rape and felony assault in Manhattan peaked in the 1990s and have fallen fairly consistently since.   Felony assaults and murders in 2023 in Manhattan have swung upward from the same period in 2022. But even with this increase, the volume of such crimes is still far lower than it was in the record-breaking period of the late 1990s.   We rate Trump's  .
Statement: The governor's budget proposal reduces the state austerity cut to education to under $500 million for 2016.
Speaker: alan essig
About the speaker: Alan Essig is the longtime executive director of the left-leaning Georgia Budget & Policy Institute.
Date: January 22, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: blog post
Fact-check justification: Class size, she said, is also a "huge issue," but tricky since reducing it means hiring more teachers and finding the money for salaries and benefits. "It really will come down to what’s most pressing to them." Our conclusion: Alan Essig, executive director of the Georgia Budget & Policy Institute, is correct in his calculation that, if the governor’s budget proposal is approved, the austerity cut to K-12 education for Fiscal 2016 would fall below $500 million. That’s a huge amount, but well below $1 billion, which was the cut each year from 2010 to 2014. We rate Essig’s statement as .
Statement: Says Vince Polistina is "collecting nearly $70,000 in taxpayer-funded salaries -- plus a government pension.
Speaker: new jersey democratic state committee
About the speaker: The New Jersey Democratic State Committee represents the Democratic Party in New Jersey.
Date: October 1, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: income;pensions
Context: a political mailer
Fact-check justification: The state Democratic committee said Polistina collects "nearly $70,000 in taxpayer-funded salaries -- plus a government pension." Polistina is paid $69,000 for two part-time, public positions. He is in the pension system, but not collecting a pension. The Democratic committee made the accusation against a Republican, despite their candidate collecting a pension on top of two government salaries. That makes the  outrageous. We rate it . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Sen. Marsha Blackburn made a white power symbol at Ketanji Brown Jackson.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: April 7, 2022
Topics: race and ethnicity;supreme court;facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: According to the Anti-Defamation League , in 2017, members of the website 4chan falsely claimed that it represented the letters "WP" for "white power." "The hoaxers hoped that the media and liberals would overreact by condemning a common image as white supremacist," the Anti-Defamation League said in this article explaining the gesture. While overwhelmingly people use the gesture to signify assent or approval, "as well as other usages unrelated to white supremacy," the league says, it has also been used as a sincere expression of white supremacy.   What’s not : that Blackburn made a white power gesture at Jackson.   We rate that  .
Statement: One thousand people a day are moving to Texas, which means there will be 15 million more people over the next 25 years.
Speaker: texas future
About the speaker: Texas Future says it's an effort dedicated to improving transportation funding in the state.
Date: May 8, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;population;transportation
Context: a web video
Fact-check justification: Texas Future said: "One thousand people a day are moving to Texas, which means there will be 15 million more people over the next 25 years." More than 1,000 people a day move to Texas, but at the same time hundreds leave. Still, the population grows by more than 1,000 a day, though that's  due to births outpacing deaths rather than Californians and other out-of-staters parking their Teslas. Another wrinkle: The state demographer agrees the population could grow by 15 million within about 25 years. But contrary to the group’s message, reasons for the potential growth extend beyond the number of people that could flock here from elsewhere. On balance, we rate this  as .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. CLARIFICATION, 4:40 p.m., June 23, 2014 : We revised our quotation of Lloyd Potter, the state demographer, to make it clear what he told us about the effects of net migration and there being more births than deaths in the state. This didn't affect our rating of the .
Statement: Under economic sanctions, "now Iran is suffering 30 percent inflation, 20 percent unemployment.
Speaker: robert reich
About the speaker: Robert Reich is an economist at the University of California (Berkeley) who served as Labor Secretary under President Bill Clinton. He is a frequent political commentator on ABC's This Week with George Stephanopoulos and MSNBC's Hardball.
Date: September 22, 2013
Location: national
Topics: economy;foreign policy;pundits
Context: a roundtable on ABC’s “This Week”
Fact-check justification: Reich told ABC viewers that under economic sanctions, "now Iran is suffering 30 percent inflation" and "20 percent unemployment." Iran’s own statistics aren’t widely trusted and international organizations don’t have recent unemployment figures. But those numbers fall within a broad range of expert estimates cited by news reports and the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service. It’s worth noting that Iran’s economic struggle has been exacerbated by its own economic policies and other factors, not just sanctions. Still, there’s good  they’ve had a "huge impact," as Reich said. We rate his  .