chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Ukraine has a nuclear bomb primed in Mykolaiv.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 20, 2022
Topics: nuclear;facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post says, "Ukraine has a nuclear bomb primed in Mykolaiv." Experts and watchdogs say Ukraine has neither a nuclear bomb nor a "dirty bomb." Ukraine used to have nuclear weapons but it transferred them to Russia after the Soviet Union collapsed and dismantled or destroyed its nuclear missiles and silos. The nation’s nuclear materials are now used for peaceful purposes. We rate the post .
Statement: Statistically, law-enforcement officers die 10 years earlier than the general population.
Speaker: robert barber
About the speaker: Robert Barber is a retired captain with the Cranston Police Department.
Date: July 24, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: labor;public service;retirement
Context: a Providence Journal commentary
Fact-check justification: But the actuarial studies we found showed little difference in life expectancy. In the latest California study, police officers were actually expected to live a bit longer than other state employees. In Oregon, the combined life expectancy for police and fire was only slightly less than average. We rate Barber's statement as  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/05f4727a-cefc-4920-9053-8afbc9fe496e
Statement: In the last 6 years, there have been 420 elections for State Senator and State Representative. Only three incumbents have been defeated!
Speaker: fair districts florida
About the speaker: Fair Districts Florida sponsored Amendments 5 and 6 on the 2010 Florida ballot seeking to reform the way legislative and congressional district lines are drawn. Voters approved both amendments on Nov. 2, 2010.
Date: June 23, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: elections;florida amendments;redistricting
Context: on the Fair Districts Florida website
Fact-check justification: Haridopolos said incumbent victories aren't necessarily tied to redistricting. The winners could simply have run better campaigns or enjoyed higher name recognition, he said. But our concern is the statement in question, which has to do with statistics, not cause and effect. Fair Districts Florida got it right. We rate this  .
Statement: \u201CThirty-four percent of Hispanics don\u2019t have any health care at all, don\u2019t have any health insurance.\u201D
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: September 10, 2007
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Fact-check justification: At Sunday night\u2019s debate in Miami, Democratic candidate Dennis Kucinich gave an accurate assessment of the percentage of Hispanics who don\u2019t have health insurance. The January 2007 report \u201CKey Facts: Race, Ethnicity & Medical Care,\u201D published by the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, notes that 34 percent of Hispanics are without health insurance coverage. The report cites 2005 estimates by the Urban Institute and Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. The report also notes that of all racial/ethnic minority groups, Hispanics have \u201Cthe highest percentage of uninsured, and the lowest percentage of people with employer coverage.\u201D
Statement: CNN is at it again. Putting a black guy's head on a lily white dude to push an agenda.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 21, 2020
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It seems the footage came from this Twitter account, which tweeted it at the Manchester Evening News that same day, saying it showed a "guy being held by police with a tazer outside the arndale." The skin tones in the video are the same as the skin tones in the images being shared on Facebook. Many news organizations replied to the tweet seeking permission to use it with their coverage of the stabbing attack, including CNN , NBC , The Independent , the European Broadcasting Union , BBC and RT , among others. In the United States, several networks covered the incident, including Fox News , which also published a similar image as appears in the Facebook post.    We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says the NIH "15 years ago published a study on chloroquine. It is effective against COVID-(1).
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 27, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says that the NIH published a study 15 years ago that showed chloroquine was effective against "COVID-(1)" and that health officials have been lying to the American people. This is . There’s no such thing as "COVID-1" and the study cited was not published by the NIH and had to do with animal cells infected with SARS, not COVID-19. The drug was not given to human patients and the study’s authors said more research was needed. Health officials caution against the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 patients, citing the possibility of serious side effects. There are currently no approved treatments for the virus. We rate this .
Statement: In a "sweetheart deal … members of Congress, thanks to the Obama administration, are going to be the only people in America to get subsidies in the Obamacare exchanges.
Speaker: jeb hensarling
About the speaker: Jeb Hensarling is a U.S. representative from Texas and chairman of the House Republican Conference.
Date: October 1, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a House floor speech
Fact-check justification: Hensarling said that in a "sweetheart deal … members of Congress, thanks to the Obama administration, are going to be the only people in America to get subsidies in the Obamacare exchanges." This statement is  in almost every regard. Millions of ordinary Americans who currently lack health coverage are expected to get Obamacare subsidies in the years ahead. Congressional employees who purchase insurance on the marketplaces won’t be getting subsidies so much as they will be benefiting from a traditional employer cost-share, as many other Americans do. Far from getting a "sweetheart deal," congressional employees would otherwise find themselves forced off their existing insurance plan, something the law itself does to no other employment group. And the issue has been largely driven by Republicans, not by the Obama administration. That’s a lot to get  in the space of a sentence or two. We rate Hensarling’s comment .
Statement: Under current policies, "we're going to reduce the overall debt of the United States by $3 trillion over the next 10 years.
Speaker: richard durbin
About the speaker: Dick Durbin in the senior U.S. senator from Illinois and the Democratic majority whip.
Date: February 23, 2014
Location: national
Topics: debt;deficit;federal budget
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Durbin said that under current policies, "we're going to reduce the overall debt of the United States by $3 trillion over the next 10 years." It's obvious now that Durbin meant deficits, not debt. But that doesn't mean it was obvious to everyone watching Fox News Sunday . And Durbin, who has been in Congress for 30 years, certainly should know and be able to articulate the difference. The fact is that people remember the national debt -- there's a whole clock for it -- and it's expected to continue increasing, according to the Congressional Budget Office. Instead of going down $3 trillion, the best estimate is it will rise by $8.6 trillion. That's a difference of ... $11.6 trillion. That's real money to anyone. We rate Durbin's  .
Statement: Says Daniel Webster wants to make divorce illegal, even for abused wives.
Speaker: alan grayson
About the speaker: Alan Grayson was initially elected to Congress in 2008, then defeated for re-election in 2010. He was elected again to Congress from a different district in 2012. He lost the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate in Florida in 2016.
Date: September 25, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: marriage;message machine 2010;religion;women
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: It wouldn't even make divorce for all people who chose covenant marriage entirely illegal. There's a small window out for adultery. But Grayson is right that there was no protection in Webster's marriage bill for abused wives. So, in theory, someone who chose covenant marriage and was being abused might not be granted a divorce. Because all of that context is critical to understanding Grayson's , we rate it .
Statement: Says the fluoride Austin is putting in its drinking water is "toxic waste.
Speaker: mike ford
About the speaker: Mike Ford, an Austin resident, supports Flouride Free Austin.
Date: March 18, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: public health
Context: a letter
Fact-check justification: Even too much water "could kill you," she said. Last gulp: Ford’s statement accurately notes that the water utility buys the acid that fluoridates Austin’s drinking water from a fertilizer maker. Yet there’s no reasonable support for calling the the same acid toxic waste; it’s not poisonous at its concentration in the water. We rate the statement .
Statement: Capitol Police officers "helped" QAnon Shaman Jacob Chansley and "acted as his tour guides.
Speaker: tucker carlson
About the speaker: Tucker Carlson was a Fox News pundit until his departure in April 2023.
Date: March 6, 2023
Topics: punditfact;jan. 6
Context: a segment on "Tucker Carlson Tonight"
Fact-check justification: Carlson claimed Capitol Police officers "helped" Chansley and "acted as his tour guides." Available  rebuts this . Chansley was among the first rioters to force their way into  the building through a door other rioters had broken. Officers repeatedly asked Chansley to leave the building. This is corroborated by the plea agreement Chansley signed and an officer’s account of the events.  The Capitol Police chief called Carlson’s  "outrageous and ," and said officers used de-escalation tactics to try to talk rioters into getting each other to leave the Capitol. We rate this  ! PolitiFact staff writer Samantha Putterman contributed to this report. RELATED: Face-painted man in horned fur cap at Capitol riot supports Trump and QAnon, not antifa RELATED: The 2021 Lie of the Year: Lies about the Jan. 6 Capitol attack and its significance
Statement: I was fighting against those (Republican) ideas when you were practicing law and representing your contributor, Rezko, in his slum landlord business in inner city Chicago.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: January 21, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Myrtle Beach, S.C
Fact-check justification: "While I was a state senator, he had buildings in my district that apparently were not managed properly. I had no knowledge of that at the time.'' Bottom line, Clinton's  is . Obama, by his own admission, did some, albeit very little, legal work that helped Rezko's company obtain properties that would later be neglected. But the allegations that Rezko was a slumlord did not arise, at least not publicly, until years after Obama performed that work.
Statement: Amy Klobuchar vows to resettle 500 percent more refugees, none in her neighborhood.
Speaker: breitbart
About the speaker: Breitbart is a conservative news website.
Date: February 12, 2020
Topics: immigration;homeland security;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Breitbart reached a 500% increase by comparing the 2017 admissions cap set by Obama (the highest and final cap he set) and the 2020 cap set by Trump (the lowest and most recent admissions cap set). Klobuchar has not said she would deny refugee resettlement in her neighborhood. And the resettlement process is determined not by presidents but by resettlement agencies that take into consideration where the refugees may have family, friends or other factors that could aid in their success. This Facebook post is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: More Americans have died from guns in the United States since 1968 than on battlefields of all the wars in American history.
Speaker: nicholas kristof
About the speaker: Nicholas Kristof is a columnist for the New York Times who frequently writes about international development issues.
Date: August 27, 2015
Topics: military;punditfact;guns
Context: the New York Times
Fact-check justification: Kristof wrote, "More Americans have died from guns in the United States since 1968 than on battlefields of all the wars in American history." Even using a significantly higher estimate for Civil War deaths than we did the last time we fact-checked this , the comparison still holds up. The number of gun deaths since 1968 — including, as Kristof was careful to note, both homicides and suicides — was higher than war fatalities by roughly 120,000 deaths, or almost four years’ worth of gun deaths in the United States. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Leah Vukmir "wrote a letter seeking leniency for a fellow state legislator convicted of sexual assault.
Speaker: club for growth
About the speaker: The Club for Growth is an anti-tax group.
Date: July 12, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Vukmir’s letter to the judge in Kramer’s case is limited to Kramer’s character. It doesn’t go as far as some letters in such cases that explicitly ask for leniency or lighter treatment, such as probation rather than jail. But while the word leniency might mean different things to different people, it’s clear that Vukmir’s letter was written to benefit Kramer — in other words, seeking a lighter sentence, rather than a harsher one. We rate Club for Growth’s statement . Editor's note: This item was corrected on July 18, 2018, after it was first published, to clarify the Club for Growth entities.
Statement: Amazing fact: Senate has already voted on more amendments in 2015 than Reid allowed ALL YEAR last year.
Speaker: phil kerpen
About the speaker: Phil Kerpen is a conservative opinion-writer and president of the 501(c)(4) American Commitment. Previously, he was involved with libertarian-conservative groups such as Americans for Prosperity, the Club for Growth and the Cato Institute.
Date: January 22, 2015
Topics: congress;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Kerpen, among others, tweeted, "Amazing fact: Senate has already voted on more amendments in 2015 than (Harry) Reid allowed ALL YEAR last year." On the numbers, that is right. But experts cautioned us that the  falls more in the interesting factoid category than a sign of a different or more cooperative Senate leadership. The statement is accurate but needs clarification and additional information. That meets our definition of . Correction: An earlier version of this fact-check incorrectly described Sen. David Vitter's amendment.
Statement: As chairman of the Fulton board of commissioners, I turned a $100 million deficit into a balanced budget.
Speaker: karen handel
About the speaker: Karen Handel is the former secretary of state of Georgia. She is also the former chair of the Fulton County Board of Commissioners. Handel, a Republican, lost the runoff for the GOP nomination for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: March 21, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: candidate biography;county budget
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Handel said she turned a $100 million deficit into a balanced budget when she became chair of the Fulton County board of commissioners. Certain parts of that story add up: The expected shortfall was over $100 million. Handel’s budget was balanced, and did so without a tax increase. However, her talking point omits that the county required balanced budgets — and the spending plan she was handed was balanced in the first place. Furthermore, if Handel called the $100 million in the original plan a deficit, then the same label would apply to the 2004 budget that she spearheaded. Her balanced plan also factored in a $49 million shortfall, even after spending cuts. The biggest difference is she avoided a hefty tax hike by drawing more from reserves. Words matter. Handel’s statement ignores that she was required to balance the budget, and her definition of deficit is inconsistent. We rate this  .
Statement: HOUSE PASSES BILL TO PAY U.N. TO RUN LOCAL POLICE BOARDS IN 46 U.S. CITIES.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 4, 2020
Topics: criminal justice;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: President Donald Trump has also threatened to veto the legislation if it did reach his desk.    In June, Floyd’s brother urged the United Nations to investigate racism, police brutality and police killings of unarmed Black people in the United States, the New York Times reported .   But this bill in no way empowers the United Nations to run police boards in dozens of cities in the United States. The legislation does describe developing and creating best practices for civilian review boards — "an administrative entity that investigates civilian complaints against law enforcement officers" —  but as this 2018 Justice Department report notes, "civilian oversight of law enforcement agencies is nothing new. "   We rate this post .
Statement: Virginia state employees "pay nothing" toward their pensions.
Speaker: bob mcdonnell
About the speaker: Bob McDonnell is the Republican governor of Virginia until January 2014. McDonnell was elected over Democratic state Sen. Creigh Deeds.
McDonnell previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1992 to 2006 and as state Attorney General from 2006 to 2009.
McDonnell graduated from the University of Nortre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind., with a bachelor's degree in 1976. He then served in the U.S. Army on active duty from 1976 to 1981 and in the reserves until 1997, retiring as a lieutenant colenel. He received a master's degree in business adminsitration from Boston University in 1980 and a master's and law degree from Regent University, Virginia Beach, in 1989.
Date: July 13, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: retirement;state budget
Context: a TV interviews
Fact-check justification: The governor, in his interview, said Virginia is one of four states that foot the entire bill for pension contributions. But McDonnell removed a fifth state that had been on the list -- Missouri -- because at the start of this year, Missouri began requiring new hires to pay in. So Virginia shouldn’t be on that list either. McDonnell’s  goes beyond  and enters the realm of the . We rate his statement .
Statement: A United Airlines passenger forcibly removed from an airplane "was in his seat, he has every right to stay there.
Speaker: andrew napolitano
About the speaker: Andrew Napolitano is a Fox News political commentator and legal analyst.
Date: April 11, 2017
Topics: legal issues;punditfact
Context: an appearance on 'Fox & Friends'
Fact-check justification: Napolitano said a United Airlines passenger forcibly removed from an airplane had "every right" to stay in his seat. Napolitano's blanket assertion is . Experts told us that airlines, including United, outline dozens of reasons why they might remove a passenger after he has already boarded. Whether the airline adhered to or executed these provisions properly is a different matter, and would have to be decided in court. Either way, you can still lose your seat once you get on the plane. We rate the statement .
Statement: Out of 67 counties (in Florida), I won 66, which is unprecedented. It's never happened before.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 21, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Out of 67 counties (in Florida), I won 66, which is unprecedented. It's never happened before." Trump won 66 counties, but it’s far from unprecedented for Florida primary winners to win by a huge margin. Going back even just a few decades, there are several instances of candidates winning all 67 counties. We rate Trump’s statement !
Statement: It's costing every American who is insured $1,100 to pick up the cost of uncompensated care that goes on at the emergency room.
Speaker: barbara boxer
About the speaker: Barbara Boxer is California's junior senator.
Date: August 10, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview with Rachel Maddow
Fact-check justification: Secondly, the Kaiser report has raised significant questions about the Families USA study and made a plausible case that much of the cost of the uninsured is absorbed by doctors and hospitals. So in our view that discounts the accuracy of the groups' studies. So we find Boxer's  .    Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: We passed without, frankly, the help of the Republican caucus, we passed 25 tax cuts last year, mostly aimed at the middle class and small businesses.
Speaker: david axelrod
About the speaker: David Axelrod is a former senior adviser to President Barack Obama. He is now an analyst for NBC News.
Date: January 31, 2010
Location: national
Topics: stimulus;taxes
Context: NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: But there's one other element of Axelrod's , that the tax cuts were passed without the help of Republicans. The stimulus passed the House with nary a Republican vote. And it passed the Senate with just three (though we note that one of them, Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania, is now a Democrat). So it's certainly fair to say the stimulus passed without the help of the Republican caucus. We find Axelrod's statement .