chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says President Donald Trump "came forth with a budget — a trillion dollar cut in Medicaid, $500 billion to Medicare, and $72 billion for the Social Security Disability Fund.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: February 25, 2019
Location: national
Topics: disability;health care;medicaid;medicare
Context: a CNN town hall event
Fact-check justification: Sanders said Trump proposed cuts of $1 trillion to Medicaid, $500 billion to Medicare and $72 billion to the Social Security Disability Fund. Numbers from the CBO and experts we reached confirmed the $1 trillion in Medicaid reductions. The Medicare reductions are less than Sanders said, probably in the range of $300 to $400 billion. While the White House might  $72 billion in savings from the Social Security Disability Fund, the CBO put the number at about $15 billion. There’s no question Trump’s budget called for major reductions in Medicaid and Medicare spending from what would have been without changes in law or policy. Part of that plan reduced money going to hospitals and other providers, which is not the same as reducing benefits to recipients. We rate this  Half .
Statement: Says Mark Pryor voted "to give Social Security benefits to illegal immigrants.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: September 3, 2014
Location: national
Topics: immigration;social security
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The NRSC’s ad claims that Pryor voted "to give Social Security benefits to illegal immigrants." That’s  for two reasons. First, the provision was much more narrowly targeted than the ad suggests -- it addressed the treatment of past payroll taxes paid by legal Social Security beneficiaries who at one time had been illegal immigrants. Second, the ad cherry-picks one vote Pryor cast against this provision while ignoring two separate votes he cast for the provision. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Mitch McConnell voted "two times against the Violence Against Women Act.
Speaker: alison lundergan grimes
About the speaker: Alison Lundergan Grimes is a Democrat challenging Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., for his Senate seat in 2014. She currently serves as Kentucky's secretary of state.
Date: July 30, 2014
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;crime;message machine 2014;women
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Grimes’ ad claims McConnell twice voted against the Violence Against Women Act. The  paints a very incomplete picture. McConnell supported the act repeatedly when it was first introduced and when it first passed the Senate in the early 1990s, and twice voted to reauthorize it. While he voted against the Democratic versions of the bill in 2012 and 2013 that included new provisions for sexual orientation, immigration status and tribal lands (and eventually became law), he voted for Republican measures that largely maintained the status quo. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details and context. Therefore, we rate it .
Statement: With the combined salary of the 87,000 new IRS Agents ($81,456 average annual salary), you could put a police officer ($55,117) in every public school in the nation (97,568) and still have 31,007 police officers or $1,709,012,819 left over.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 11, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: education;public safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post by a Texas sheriff’s department claimed that "with the combined salary of the 87,000 new IRS agents" you could put a police officer in every public school in the U.S. and "still have 31,007 police officers or $1,709,012,819 left over." The post relies on unofficial data about salaries and schools. Using official data sources and applying the math used in this post, we found that it would cost about $920 million more to put an officer in every school — not $1.7 billion less. But either way, the  involves back-of-the-envelope math based on averages and doesn’t account for real-world variables. The post also distorts the number of projected IRS hires who would be tax enforcement agents and arrives at a  conclusion. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this .
Statement: After prenatal diagnosis, "90 percent of Down syndrome children in America are aborted.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: February 19, 2012
Location: national
Topics: abortion;health care
Context: an interview on CBS's "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification:     A number of scientific studies have shown an abortion rate from 80 percent to 90 percent -- close to what Santorum said -- but all have been localized. Since there’s  that the decision to abort can vary by region, we think it’s an overstatement for Santorum to say that after prenatal diagnosis, "90 percent of Down syndrome children in America are aborted." There are no standardized, national numbers, so his use of the term "in America" is problematic. On balance, we rate his statement .
Statement: Mayor Andrew Gillum says he's indefinitely suspending his campaign for governor in light of a fatal shooting in Tallahassee at a yoga studio on Friday.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 3, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Fact-check justification: Virginia Governor Ralph Northam will campaign for Mayor Gillum in Lake Worth, followed by a "Get Out the Vote" event at UCF and concluding the day at a Jimmy Buffett GOTV concert in West Palm Beach," a campaign email sent at 12:06 a.m. on Nov. 3 said. A Nov. 3 Spectrum News 13 story also showed what Gillum was up to Saturday, with time stamped updates. Our Ruling A post from The Grio claimed that Gillum is "indefinitely suspending his campaign for governor in light of a fatal shooting in Tallahassee at a yoga studio on Friday." While Gillum did leave the campaign trail to return to Tallahassee and met with some of the victims, he is not ending his campaign for governor because of the shooting. We rate this  .
Statement: Says he didn't take "corporate PAC money.
Speaker: conor lamb
About the speaker: Conor Lamb is a Democrat who ran to represent Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district in a March 13, 2018, election.  
Date: March 13, 2018
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: campaign finance
Context: an election night speech
Fact-check justification: U.S. Congressional candidate Conor Lamb said, "I'm proud that you helped me refuse corporate PAC money." FEC records do not list corporate PACs as having donated to his campaign or having directly spent money in support of his candidacy. While it’s possible corporate PAC money donated to other PACs reached him indirectly, experts say that’s not the same thing.   Lamb’s  is literally accurate, but campaign finances are complicated and voters need additional information.
Statement: Says America's most violent cities are that way because of their Democratic politics
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 16, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: crime;party support
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral Facebook post links "America’s deadliest cities" with having a "Democrat majority," implying a causal connection. The data cited has some fundamental issues, notably that it uses out-of-date FBI data and ranks cities by crime rate when the FBI specifically warns against doing so.  This glosses over the array of intensely local factors that influence crime. Violent crime in particular stems from a limited group of people in a limited area, so assuming that segment has a particular political bent based on the city at large — and that their violence stems from those politics — is a stretch at best. Large cities do have more crime. And they do have more Democrats — both in terms of general voting and local leadership. But it’s a classic example of correlation without  of causality. We rate this .
Statement: A wind turbine must "spin continually for over four years just to replace the energy it took to manufacture it.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 19, 2023
Topics: climate change;energy;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: A 2017 study by Taiwanese researchers found the energy payback period was 13 to 14 months. The highest estimate we found was a bit under six years, in a 2019 study by civil engineering professors at the University of Texas at Arlington. "In general, as technology advances, the energy payback times will decline," said Ryan Wiser, senior scientist in the Electricity Markets and Policy Department at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California. Most of the  we found on energy payback says it takes a wind turbine operating for months, not years, to produce more energy than was needed to manufacture it. We rate the  .
Statement: As a state representative, David Cicilline argued against Megan's Law and voted against mandatory registration of sex offenders.
Speaker: americans for common sense solutions
About the speaker: Americans for Commonsense Solutions is a political interest group that lists a Providence address.
Date: October 21, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: children;criminal justice;negative campaigning;voting record
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: The ad from Americans for Common Sense Solutions is . It doesn't mention what Cicilline's objections were to the original law, nor that he subsequently voted in favor of it three times. PolitiFact's definition of a  statement says it "contains some element of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression." That sounds right to us. .
Statement: Many gang members have taken advantage of "glaring loopholes and our laws to enter the country as illegal, unaccompanied, alien minors.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 30, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security;crime
Context: State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: Trump said many gang members have taken advantage of "glaring loopholes and our laws to enter the country as illegal, unaccompanied, alien minors." What Trump in the past has referred to as "loopholes" are requirements explicitly called for in the law. It’s also uncertain how many gang members have come to the United States as unaccompanied minors, but some law enforcement officials said some have. Experts note unaccompanied minors are vulnerable to recruitment after their arrival to the United States. In many cases, these minors are the victims of the gangs rather than perpetrators of crime. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Wisconsin found 112k votes at 3am.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 4, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The City of Milwaukee was still counting absentee ballots around 3 a.m., but that doesn’t mean that those ballots were found or appeared at that time. We rate the Facebook post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more. RELATED : Fact-checking the avalanche of Wisconsin election misinformation
Statement: Over half of the black workers in this country earn less" than $15 an hour.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: November 6, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;race and ethnicity
Context: Rock Hill, S.C
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that "over half of the black workers in this country earn less" than $15 an hour. Depending on the time frame used, the data shows that roughly half of black workers earn less than $15. The most recent data shows that half earn less than $15.60, which is a little higher than what Sanders said, but his number is not far off. We rate his  .
Statement: A recall election for Wisconsin governor would cost "$7.7 million -- $7.7 million that may already be allocated to merit raises for teachers or health care for the poor or school books for your kids.
Speaker: rebecca kleefisch
About the speaker: Rebecca Kleefisch was the lieutenant governor of Wisconsin from 2011-19 under Gov. Scott Walker. She previously worked as a TV anchor and reporter, most recently with WISN-TV in Milwaukee. Kleefisch was defeated August 9, 2022 in her Republican primary bid for Republican nomination for governor.
 
Date: November 15, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;elections;health care;state budget
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Kleefisch said a statewide recall will cost "$7.7 million that may already be allocated to merit raises for teachers or health care for the poor or school books for your kids." Both of her claims are a mixed bag. Kleefisch's cost figure is stated as fact, when the actual figure is not known, but it appears to be in the ballpark and might be conservative. On her second point, Kleefisch provides no  that funds would be taken from allocations already made for schools or health care. But her broader point -- that money for the election might come from funds that are at least designated for other programs, is correct. In short, Kleefisch's statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details-- our definition of .
Statement: I've cast a couple of 99-1 votes" and been the lone dissenter.
Speaker: fred thompson
About the speaker: Fred Thompson was a U.S. senator from Tennessee from 1994 to 2003. He graduated from Memphis State University and earned a law degree at Vanderbilt University. Thompson practiced law and served a variety of government counsel positions, including as minority counsel for the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities ("Watergate Committee"). In his acting career Thompson has appeared in 18 films, and recently worked as a TV actor, playing a prosecutor on the series Law and Order. Thompson was born in Alabama in 1942. He has been married to Jeri Kehn since 2002, and has four children, two from his first marriage. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 22, 2008.
Date: September 7, 2007
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Sioux City, Iowa
Fact-check justification: "I don't think the federal government ought to be federalizing something that's been under the state purview for 200 years," Thompson told a crowd in Sioux City, Iowa, Sept. 7, 2007. "Give me a good reason why, when the federal government... can't get its own act together, why it ought to be taking on these other things in order to get a press release and a headline? ... That's not the right thing to do." But he wasn't perfect. As a senator from 1994 to 2003, Thompson did divert from his federalist philosophy in at least one big way: supporting President Bush's No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, which sets federal standards for local schools.
Statement: Says Reps. Rush Holt, Frank Pallone and Bill Pascrell are "willing to jeopardize seniors' access to coverage by gutting $741 billion from Medicare" to pay for a "big-government healthcare takeover.
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: August 14, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: In news releases, the committee claimed Holt, Pallone and Pascrell are "willing to jeopardize seniors’ access to coverage by gutting $741 billion from Medicare" to pay for a "big-government healthcare takeover." The health care reform is projected to reduce future Medicare spending by more than $700 billion between 2013 and 2022, but program spending will still increase. That increase will just be smaller than without the reform. The "healthcare takeover"  remains bogus, because the private health insurance industry remains intact under the reform and stands to gain more enrollees. There’s only one ruling for such heated and  claims: ! To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: China account(s) for 90 percent of North Korean trade.
Speaker: rex tillerson
About the speaker: Rex Tillerson is the former CEO of Exxon Mobil. On Feb. 1, 2017, he was sworn in as President Donald Trump's secretary of state.
On March 13, 2018, Trump fired Tillerson and replaced him with CIA director Mike Pompeo.
Date: April 28, 2017
Location: national
Topics: china;foreign policy;trade
Context: comments to the UN Security Council
Fact-check justification: Tillerson said, "China account(s) for 90 percent of North Korean trade." China’s role as an outsize trade partner of North Korea is a relatively new development. Since 2000, trade with the rest of the world has dropped off, as Chinese trade has risen. While the ratio is subject to change based on political factors, China now accounts for around 90 percent of North Korean trade. We rate Tillerson’s statement .
Statement: In Australia "they went and confiscated all the guns. You know who did what Australia did? Venezuela.
Speaker: matt gaetz
About the speaker: Matt Gaetz was elected to Congress in 2016 representing Florida's 1st District. He was elected to the Florida House of Representatives serving District 4 in 2010. His father is former Sen. Don Gaetz.
Date: August 10, 2019
Location: florida
Topics: foreign policy;guns
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Gaetz said in Australia "they went and confiscated all the guns. You know who did what Australia did? Venezuela." Gaetz’s  about Australia is , and his comparison to Venezuela is flawed. After a mass shooting in 1996, Australia banned semi-automatic and self-loading rifles as well as shotguns and offered a one-year buyback. It did not ban all guns. The number of civilian-owned guns is now nearly the same as before the 1996 law, although the rate of ownership is less. In Venezuela, the government instituted measures to try to limit the flow of guns to civilians. But experts said most guns are sold on the black market and that guns remain rampant in Venezuela. The idea that private gun owners could successfully challenge a national military is also unlikely.  We rate this statement .
Statement: The United States invented the community college. Nobody else had ever done anything like it.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: April 21, 2015
Location: national
Topics: education;history
Context: a roundtable at a community college
Fact-check justification: Clinton said "the United States invented the community college. Nobody else had ever done anything like it." This is largely correct, though Clinton’s terminology could have been more precise. Also, other types of institutions in Europe share characteristics of community colleges. Still, the specific U.S. system is was an innovation. On balance, we rate her  .
Statement: Says Bernie Sanders "has been largely a very reliable supporter of the NRA.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: April 14, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;guns
Context: New York
Fact-check justification: Clinton said Sanders "has been largely a very reliable supporter of the NRA." This is a stretch. Sanders won his congressional bid about 25 years ago thanks at least in part to the NRA, and has voted against major pieces of gun control legislation. However, he has also cast votes for gun control and has received low marks from the NRA for the past 20 years. Neither the gun lobby nor gun control advocates  Sanders as their own. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/3c800a70-11ea-44a5-99cb-3bc3f6ad3e60
Statement: Let's start with the premise that Rhode Island already has one of the 10 strictest [gun laws] amongst all the states.
Speaker: nicholas mattiello
About the speaker: Nicholas A. Mattiello has been Speaker of the Rhode Island House of Representatives since March 25, 2014. A Democrat and lawyer, he is a graduate of the Suffolk University School of Law and represents District 15 in Cranston. He previously served as Majority Leader in the House.
Date: January 3, 2016
Location: rhode island
Topics: guns
Context: newspaper story
Fact-check justification: The Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence is an outspoken advocate for gun control laws. And its legal experts rate Rhode Island among states with the strongest gun-control laws. The statement is .
Statement: Georgia is the second-fastest growing state for international tourists.
Speaker: chris cummiskey
About the speaker: Chris Cummiskey is Georgia's Economic Development commissioner.
Date: January 19, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: tourism
Context: a budget presentation
Fact-check justification: Tyrer, the state economic development spokeswoman, said Delta’s push for more international flights has helped. She also said the department has been more aggressive in marketing Georgia in other countries, particularly China and Germany, as a tourist destination. Georgia has had a tourism representative in the U.K. for about 10 years, Tyrer said. The numbers in the federal report accurately reflect what the commissioner told state lawmakers in the budget hearing. We rate Cummiskey’s statement as .