chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The Obama administration's "green" stimulus program "funneled close to $2 billion dollars to overseas firms," creating thousands of jobs in China.
Speaker: americans for tax reform
About the speaker: Americans For Tax Reform was founded in 1985 by Grover Nordquist. It advocates a tax system in which the taxes are simpler, flatter, more visible, and lower than they are today. It views the government's power to control one's life as derived from its power to tax and believes that power should be minimized.
Its flagship program is the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, which it began promoting in 1986 and expanded to the state level in 1990. Those who sign on to the pledge commit to oppose any effort to increase income taxes on individuals or businesses.
Date: September 28, 2012
Location: national
Topics: china;jobs;message machine 2012;stimulus
Context: a mailer to voters
Fact-check justification: The Americans for Tax Reform flyer said the Obama administration funneled about $2 billion in "green" stimulus money to foreign companies, with particular benefits for China. On the dollars, the  understates the amount that went to foreign owned companies. It was certainly more than $2 billion, which would bolster the group’s . But the flyer offers a very selective picture of what the stimulus did for American workers.. The distinction between domestic and foreign companies and the impact of that on jobs is unclear. And while the stimulus did help pay for high-skilled jobs overseas, it also leveraged thousands of jobs in the U.S. and produced earnings greater than the amount of money spent by the government. Money did leave the country, but not with the impact the flyer presents. Regarding China, the flyer  the benefits for that nation. China stood to gain from spending on solar power, and it is hard to see how it wouldn’t have collected millions of taxpayer dollars. But solar represented about a fifth of the stimulus subsidies. The wind projects accounted for 70 percent and in wind, China played a tiny role. The countries that gained the most overall were European. The statement has an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says PolitiFact has said he "kept a campaign promise to toughen ethics rules.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 18, 2012
Location: national
Topics: ethics;message machine 2012
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The ad accurately quoted one of our promise checks in saying that Obama "kept a campaign promise to toughen ethics rules." However, it ignored at least 10 other ethics-related promise checks that showed a more mixed record, including three promises rated Stalled and three rated Broken. On balance, we rate the ad .
Statement: Says Rick Santorum voted for the Bridge to Nowhere.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: January 2, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: federal budget;message machine 2012
Context: an online video
Fact-check justification: Perry said that as a senator, Santorum voted for the Bridge to Nowhere. Santorum did, a charge that he hasn't disputed. He voted for a giant spending bill that included money for the bridge project and then later voted to maintain federal funding for the project. On the Texas -O-Meter, an accurate statement that could benefit from such clarification or additional material is considered . And so it is.
Statement: We spend three times more on entitlements and debt services than we do on defense.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: June 30, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;social security
Context: a Facebook posting
Fact-check justification: Meanwhile, if you total up the budget for Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid -- the three big entitlements most familiar to Americans -- it accounts for about two-thirds of the budget for mandatory programs. The "other mandatory programs" category includes such things as veterans' benefits. Despite these distinctions, we think it's reasonable for Palin to describe all security programs as "defense" and all mandatory programs as "entitlements." In all, then, we rate this comment by Palin much more favorably than we do her other comment from the same speech. This one earns a rating of .
Statement: Super Bowl L by everybody's estimation is a $500 million economic impact to the state of Florida.
Speaker: ron book
About the speaker: Ron Book is one of the most powerful lobbyists in Florida and lobbies the state Legislature. Based in Aventura in South Florida,  Book represents numerous businesses, associations and local governments including Broward and Miami-Dade counties. He has represented the Miami Dolphins since 1982.
Date: March 6, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: economy;sports
Context: a state legislative committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Lobbyist Ron Book said "Super Bowl L by everybody's estimation is a $500 million economic impact to the state of Florida." First, Book uses numbers from a study commissioned by the Host Committee. The numbers take a broad measure of all spending that went on during a Super Bowl week in 2007, without accounting for usual economic activity. In fact, it’s among the highest estimates we reviewed for economic activity generated by a Super Bowl. But the main problem with Book’s  is that "everybody" agrees on that number. Economics professors argue that studies by boosters routinely inflate costs and fail to take into account net costs or fully account for the fact that some spending locally is sent to corporate chains. We rate this  .
Statement: There is no added safety to the public if you're vaccinated.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 6, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Three, if vaccinated with a breakthrough infection, they are less likely to have a serious outcome and need hospitalization, which protects the community by keeping those beds free for other illnesses and emergencies." The CDC recommends COVID-19 vaccines to people ages 5 and older as a safe and effective means of protection from serious short- and long-term complications and death: "Getting everyone ages 5 years and older vaccinated can protect families and communities, including friends and family who are not eligible for vaccination and people at increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19." Epidemiologist Joshua Michaud, associate director for global health policy at the Kaiser Family Foundation, said "there is pretty robust  that fully vaccinated people who are infected with SARS-Cov-2 can and do transmit to others at times, but the risk of that ongoing transmission is lower than if they had never been vaccinated.   This means there is a benefit to vaccination that extends beyond just protection of the individual in the form of reduced transmission risk to household members, co-workers and community members." We rate the  that "there is no added safety to the public if you're vaccinated" !
Statement: Says President Donald Trump spawned the "Wuhan super virus outbreak under code name 'zyphr.'
Speaker: youtube videos
About the speaker: Videos uploaded to YouTube.
Date: February 24, 2020
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The video, narrated in a male voice, says "top secret documents" predict that a flu-like pandemic would strike America and kill millions of people. While the narrator claims the documents are apparently going around "U.S. establishments," there are no credible reports that reflect this information, and the video provides no links or  that it exists. This conspiracy theory is based on speculation and contains zero  that Trump has anything to do with the the creation of the coronavirus. The video was shared by STFN Reloaded, which has posted other coronavirus-related claims that we have rated . This one: !
Statement: Says 21 million people "still suffer slavery today.
Speaker: steve mcqueen
About the speaker: Steve McQueen is the director of the Academy Award-winning film 12 Years a Slave.
Date: March 2, 2014
Topics: criminal justice;labor;foreign policy;workers;punditfact
Context: an acceptance speech at the Academy Awards
Fact-check justification: In his acceptance speech, McQueen said he dedicated his Oscar to the "21 million people who still suffer slavery today." That figure is based on a 2012 estimate from the International Labor Organization, a United Nations agency. Estimates vary across organizations, and a  headcount is nearly impossible to predict with any certainty. Still, McQueen cited the estimate of the international community’s most reliable source. We rate his statement .
Statement: A Muslim immigrant in Michigan can list his second, third or fourth wives as "extended family" and qualify for welfare.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: August 26, 2014
Location: national
Topics: immigration;income;islam;welfare
Context: In a viral YouTube video
Fact-check justification: A viral YouTube video said that in Michigan, a Muslim man "lists one wife as his, and signs the other two or three up as extended family on welfare." The video and the chain email its based off of is highly  and ignores important realities of the U.S. immigration and welfare system in an attempt to drum up anti-Muslim sentiment. For one, the rules of the immigration system make it very hard for immigrants who may have multiple wives to enter the country, as the United States does not recognize polygamy. There is also no  that Michigan or any other state would allow or encourage Muslims to sign up extra wives as "extended family." For most welfare programs, it would not be possible for additional wives to qualify for assistance. However, a Muslim man with multiple wives (and meets the right income and residency requirements) could theoretically benefit through food stamps because it is based on the number of people in the household, not just legally recognized family members. But this would be  for any polygamist family, not just Muslims in Michigan. Flaws in the system don’t exactly mean the government is subsidizing polygamy. We rate this  .
Statement: Just like the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, "the AFL-CIO receives dues from foreign entities associated with it.
Speaker: george will
About the speaker: George Will is a conservative columnist syndicated by the Washington Post.
Date: October 10, 2010
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;corporations;this week - abc news;transparency
Context: ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: He said only that the AFL-CIO "receives dues from foreign entities associated with it" just like the U.S. Chamber of Commerce does. It's  that some individual members affiliated with the AFL-CIO collect dues from foreign (Canadian) residents. And those unions pay dues to the AFL-CIO. But according to the AFL-CIO, the dues collected from non-U.S. workers are not passed up to the national AFL-CIO. And so we rate Will's comment .
Statement: Says Joe Biden didn't act in response to the emergency in Texas.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 18, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: military;natural disasters ;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Facebook posts  that Biden has said nothing about the emergency in Texas and question why he hasn’t sent in the National Guard to help.  This isn’t accurate. Biden has made multiple comments about the emergency and issued an emergency declaration for the state. This allows FEMA to allocate needed resources quickly and to call on the National Guard for added help. We rate this .
Statement: Slim Jims "just recently" cost 99 cents but now cost $2.69.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: July 10, 2011
Location: national
Topics: agriculture;economy
Context: an interview with "Newsweek"
Fact-check justification: Still, even if Todd Palin paid more for his snack food fix, it doesn’t support Sarah Palin’s argument that food prices are skyrocketing. Food prices -- an always-volatile sector -- are indeed going up, and that may or may not be a worry for the longer term. However, food prices are not rising by anything approaching 169 percent. Her anecdote offers spice, but not a lot of meat. We rate it .
Statement: Says he has "the most impressive education record" of the Republican candidates.
Speaker: mike huckabee
About the speaker: Mike Huckabee ran for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former governor of Arkansas; he also sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. He left hosting a self-titled television show on Fox News in January 2015.
Date: December 12, 2007
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: Des Moines, Iowa
Fact-check justification: Did Huckabee act on education issues? Yes. Was his record the "most impressive" of the bunch? Romney certainly competes. So we rate Huckabee's boast .
Statement: Says Josh Mandel opposed federal loans to the auto industry.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: May 14, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs;negative campaigning
Context: an email campaign statement
Fact-check justification: By virtue of voting against TARP, a position Mandel confirms he would have taken, he would have voted against a bill that eventually benefited the auto industry. Of course in these hypotheticals, Mandel wouldn’t have known that at the time, so it is intellectually dishonest to write him off as anti-auto rescue. Maybe Mandel will enlighten voters one day with his thoughts on the loans to Chrysler and GM. But for the moment, Brown’s campaign is putting words in Mandel’s mouth and pushing a deceiving line of attack. On the -O-Meter, the  rates .
Statement: In state after state, polls make clear that the American public understands the Kelo ruling is a disaster.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: August 6, 2007
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Fact-check justification: UPDATE: Previously we reported that no ballot initiative passed by more than 68 percent of the vote. We were . Five of them did. See the numbers above.
Statement: Application for March for Our Lives permit was made months before Parkland shooting
Speaker: fellowship of the minds
About the speaker: A website that has in the past promoted conspiracy theories.
Date: March 30, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog
Fact-check justification: A website pushing conspiracy theories claimed that the March For Our Lives permit was actually prepared months in advance. We contacted the police officer referred to in the story who confirmed that the story is  and the permit was actually issued 11 days prior to the march. We rate this story .
Statement: The United Nations replaces all 193 country flags with LGBT flags.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 8, 2023
Location: new york
Topics: lgbtq;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: U.N. spokesperson Shirin Yaseen told PolitiFact that the image wasn’t taken in front of the United Nations building but at Rockefeller Center, about a mile away.   "The only flags that are placed in front of the United Nations building are the flags of the 193 member states plus two observer states plus the organization flag," Yaseen said.   A reverse-image search of the image in the Instagram post led us to the same photo on Wikimedia Commons. According to the site, the photo was taken in June 2019.   We rate claims the post shows pride flags outside of the United Nations building this year .
Statement: Says PolitiFact issued a True ruling on Paul Krugman calling "Governor Christie a 'fiscal phony.'
Speaker: new jersey democratic state committee
About the speaker: The New Jersey Democratic State Committee represents the Democratic Party in New Jersey.
Date: June 1, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: In the June 1 "Week In Review" on its website, the New Jersey Democratic State Committee claimed "Paul Krugman, a columnist with the New York Times, called Governor Christie a ‘fiscal phony’" and "Politifact found the Krugman’s claims about Christie to be  ." But our  ruling was based on Krugman’s  that New Jersey’s job growth since Christie took office has been less than the growth in New York, Connecticut and the nation as a whole. "Fiscal phony" is a catchy phrase, but it had nothing to do with our ruling. We rate the Democrats’  . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, whose government has important business and policy before the president of the United States, has already spent hundreds of thousands of dollars at the Trump International Hotel.
Speaker: karl racine
About the speaker: Karl Racine is the first elected attorney general of the District of Columbia. Prior to his election in 2014, he was an attorney in private practice. 
Date: June 12, 2017
Location: national
Topics: ethics;foreign policy;transparency
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Racine said the Saudi government has already spent hundreds of thousands of dollars at the Trump International Hotel. The Foreign Agent Registration Act report mentions at least one filing which clearly shows that the Saudi government spent $270,000 at the Trump International Hotel for lodging and boarding expenses between October 2016 and March 2017. It’s not clear whether the entire expenses were paid before or after Trump became president. Our research showed it was some of  both . The statement is accurate but needs additional information. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says GOP primary opponents Glenn Grothman and Joe Leibham cast a "compromise vote that cost $788 million" in higher electricity costs.
Speaker: duey stroebel
About the speaker: Stroebel is a property developer and manager from Cedarburg who was elected to the state Assembly as a Republican in 2011. He was elected to the state Senate in 2015, where he represents District 20.
Date: July 30, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: energy;message machine 2014;voting record
Context: an online video
Fact-check justification: Considering that the $532 million figure covers just 5 years, it’s reasonable to assume the 15-year total is higher. Our rating Stroebel’s ad says Glenn Grothman and Joe Leibham cast a "compromise vote that cost $788 million" in higher electricity costs. They cast that vote, and higher costs have followed. The  needs some clarification, though, because of the many factors involved in determining the actual cost and whether the , as stated, referred to past or future costs. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Ohio Gov. John Kasich had "the worst rating on spending of any governor in the country, Republican or Democrat.
Speaker: right to rise
About the speaker: Right to Rise is a super PAC supporting 2016 Republican presidential candidate Jeb Bush.
Date: February 2, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;state budget
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: In an ad targeted at New Hampshire voters, a super PAC supporting Bush said Kasich had "the worst rating on spending of any governor in the country, Republican or Democrat." Right to Rise is accurately citing a portion of a study by the Cato Institute that looked at one measure of spending for 48 of America’s governors in 2014. But Kasich disputes the study itself, and correctly notes that there are other ways to measure state spending, and that a shifting of dollars from one part of the budget to another affected the results. What to make of it all? This reminds us of some previous attempts to look at the spending records of governors running for president . And like in those cases, the result here might be a tad unsatisfying for people seeking clarity. Cato, in our judgment, did nothing to unfairly target Kasich. Yet, there is more to Ohio’s particular budget story that may leave viewers with a different impression. We rate the  .
Statement: The dog dewormer fenbendazole can cure cancer in humans.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 8, 2023
Topics: animals;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post shared on Facebook claimed that the dog dewormer drug fenbendazole can cure cancer in humans. Some peer-reviewed studies suggest fenbendazole has potential as a human cancer treatment. But researchers said more study is needed and the federal cancer agency said it has no research that supports the . Fenbendazole is not approved by the FDA for treating cancer. We rate this  . RELATED: Fact-checking claims the tree fruit soursop cures cancer RELATED: No, the alkaline diet doesn’t cure cancer RELATED: No  that COVID-19 vaccines linked to cancer recurrence