chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In the primary election, a "right-wing group spent more than $100,000,000 to support" Supreme Court Justice Rebecca Bradley.
Speaker: joanne kloppenburg
About the speaker: JoAnne Kloppenburg of Madison is state Court of Appeals judge and a former assistant state attorney general. She ran for the Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2011 and is running for the high court again in 2016. 
Date: March 15, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a website posting
Fact-check justification: The Democracy Campaign estimates the group’s pre-primary spending as running between $750,000 and $1 million. More ads sponsored by the group that criticize Kloppenburg have begun to air as the April 5, 2016 general election approaches. Our rating Kloppenburg said that a conservative group spent $100 million in ads supporting her opponent in the primary election. The  was 100 times off-base. We rate it .
Statement: Says Joe Biden's order stopping the Keystone pipeline "made oil more expensive for us to use.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 28, 2021
Topics: energy;government regulation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed Biden’s order stopping the Keystone XL pipeline "made oil more expensive for us to use." We found no  to support the  that Biden’s order has made oil more expensive for consumers. Spot market prices for benchmark products fell slightly in the days after the order. As for the future impact, some experts said that without the pipeline project, Canadian oil producers would face higher costs to transport oil, which could raise consumer prices. But most of the experts we spoke with said they didn’t expect the higher transport to affect U.S. buyers, since the Canadian oil was  destined for export and producers would face competitive pressure to absorb the added transport costs rather than passing them along. They also say transportation costs are a small factor in the cost of oil products. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says that Mitt Romney, while he was in Arizona, said he believes the state's SB 1070 immigration law should be the model for national immigration laws.
Speaker: charlie gonzalez
About the speaker: Charlie Gonzalez, who represented a San Antonio U.S. House district through 2012, was a lawyer in private practice from 1972 to 1982, a Municipal Court judge, and a county court at law judge from 1983 until 1987.  He was a district judge from 1989 to 1997.
Date: March 27, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: a conference call
Fact-check justification: Gonzalez could legitimately have targeted Romney’s vow to immediately drop the federal challenge to Arizona’s immigration-enforcement law as president. Instead, the Democrat’s statement to reporters mischaracterizes Romney’s salute to Arizona’s 2007 mandate that employers electronically verify the legal status of employees. That E-Verify requirement was not in the 2010 Arizona law. We rate the Texan’s  as .
Statement: Says John Raese said he wants "1,000 laser systems put in the sky, and we need it right now.
Speaker: joe manchin
About the speaker: Joe Manchin is a U.S. senator from West Virginia. The former governor of West Virginia won a special election in November 2010 to complete the balance of the late Sen. Robert Byrd’s term.
Date: October 21, 2010
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;message machine 2010;military;technology
Context: a campaign Web ad
Fact-check justification: You can support or oppose a missile defense shield, but this ad gives a distorted view of Raese's position. In fact, we couldn't even figure it out at first. We're not sure what West Virginia voters will make of it. Still, Raese clearly supports beefing up efforts at laser-based missile defense. So we rate Manchin's statement .
Statement: All communications to families from the US Navy have been halted.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 21, 2022
Topics: families;military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Communication between military personnel and their families or loved ones can be difficult or restricted at times, the news site Military.com reports . Internet or phone connections can be hindered depending on where the service member is stationed, or if their schedule has changed. Missions could also hinder communication. But we found no  for Barton’s  that the Navy cut off all communication with families of service members. We rate his statement .
Statement: Scott Walker's school-aid cuts were so devastating that students are without chairs and a government survey found 47 kids in a classroom.
Speaker: greater wisconsin committee
About the speaker: The Greater Wisconsin Committee is a liberal group active in Wisconsin state politics, from legislative races to statewide offices. It receives money from a variety of sources, including labor unions. Its campaign ads are typically done through the Greater Wisconsin Political Fund.
Date: November 30, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: In our view, the ad’s message is that school crowding is common and dramatic, assertions not backed up by key school officials or the research cited. Class sizes have increased, and Walker’s budget is partly responsible, but that trend began before Walker, and other factors play in. In any case, that is not the same as "overcrowding" -- a description not even school and union officials are using. We may revisit this item if new  emerges, but these claims -- as presented -- are thin and . We rate the  .
Statement: From 1917 to 1994, half of the bills that were successfully filibustered in the Senate were civil rights legislation.
Speaker: alma adams
About the speaker: Alma Adams is a Democrat who represents the 12th Congressional District of North Carolina.
Date: January 11, 2022
Location: north carolina
Topics: civil rights
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Adams said: "From 1917 to 1994, half of the bills that were successfully filibustered in the Senate were civil rights legislation."  Her  is supported by an analysis by a political scientist who has co-authored a book on the history of the filibuster. However, some scholars aren’t in agreement on this issue. At least two other experts say civil rights bills probably accounted for less than half of bills successfully filibustered during the highlighted time period. The statement is partially accurate: some experts do support Adams' . However, it leaves out important details: other experts say the stat is off. We rate this  .
Statement: The U.S. unemployment rate has remained above 8 percent for 43 consecutive months, the longest stretch since the Great Depression.
Speaker: phil gingrey
About the speaker: Phil Gingrey, a Republican, is a congressman from Georgia
Date: September 7, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: jobs
Context: a Twitter post
Fact-check justification: As for the accuracy of Gingrey’s , Sicilia said, "That’s correct." The Congressional Budget Office, a nonpartisan source of analysis, wrote in February that this was the longest period of unemployment above 8 percent since the Great Depression. The last time the unemployment rate was this high was during Reagan’s first term. However, the 27 months during the 1980s the rate was greater than 8 percent is far less than the 11 years the unemployment rate was that high during the Great Depression. We rate Gingrey’s statement .
Statement: Says Scott Brown "voted to give oil companies big tax breaks.
Speaker: senate majority pac
About the speaker: Senate Majority PAC is a super PAC that works to elect Democrats to the U.S. Senate.
Date: April 27, 2014
Location: new hampshire
Topics: energy;voting record
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A Senate Majority PAC ad said Brown "voted to give oil companies big tax breaks." For three years in a row, Brown did indeed vote against measures that would’ve barred the biggest five oil companies from taking advantage of tax breaks they already enjoyed. That’s slightly different than what the ad says -- rather than voting to give the companies a new break, as the ad implies, Brown voted to support the status quo. Still, the ad is correct to suggest that Brown was voting in concert with the biggest oil companies on that legislation. We rate the ad’s  .
Statement: A photo shows students in Lviv celebrating Adolf Hitler's birthday.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: April 20, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Both tweets show an aerial photo of dozens of people holding balloons and forming the number 55.   A Russian TV station posted a news broadcast of the event on YouTube that year. An English translation of the title says, "On Cosmonautics Day, participants of the flash mob in Penza lined up in the number ‘55.’ "  The "55" can be seen at the 47 mark, and it’s followed by an image of Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet pilot who became the first person to orbit the earth on April 12, 1961. We rate this post !
Statement: In 2002, "Iran was more or less an American ally.
Speaker: andrea mitchell
About the speaker: Andrea Mitchell is a journalist for NBC and MSNBC.
Date: January 28, 2014
Topics: foreign policy;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of MSNBC's "Andrea Mitchell Reports"
Fact-check justification: Mitchell said that in 2002, Iran was almost an ally of the United States. While Iran provided critical assistance in the military defeat of the Taliban in Afghanistan and helped undermine al-Qaida, this cooperation did not reflect deeper ties. It was a moment when both countries sought similar goals in one country. Mitchell’s point was the Bush administration squandered an opportunity. That might have merit, but there is no fact-checking a hypothetical situation. What we can assess is the degree to which Iran was "more or less" an ally. With due regard for the ambiguity in Mitchell’s words, we rate the  .
Statement: The judicial system is the most underfunded in this state, able to only pay 52 percent of its obligations. Meanwhile, judges get some of the richest pensions of all public employees.
Speaker: shirley turner
About the speaker: Shirley Turner is a Democratic state senator representing parts of Hunterdon and Mercer counties.
Date: July 30, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: pensions
Context: a speech on the State Senate floor
Fact-check justification: In a speech Monday on the Senate floor, Turner said: "The judicial system is the most underfunded in this state, able to only pay 52 percent of its obligations. Meanwhile, judges get some of the richest pensions of all public employees." The senator’s  is on target. The Judicial Retirement System has about 52 percent of the funds needed to meet future pension obligations, marking the lowest amount of the five major pension funds. Retired judges also receive the largest annual pensions of the five funds with certain average benefits exceeding $100,000. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Recent data showed Nevada ranks 50th in the money received from" the stimulus bill.
Speaker: american crossroads
About the speaker: American Crossroads is a 527 campaign committee that supports Republican candidates.
Date: July 18, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;message machine 2010;stimulus
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: So the authors of the ad had no shortage of data to choose from. It's not surprising that American Crossroads would reach for the most unflattering number, and if they'd framed it carefully -- for instance, saying that the state ranked 50th "in one study" -- they would have scored passably on our -O-Meter. However, American Crossroads not only cherry-picked the most damning data but also tried to pass it off as "recent." Current data would have showed that Nevada's stimulus haul was no smaller than about average by national standards. This is not a trivial omission, so we rate the ad .
Statement: 28.2 million Americans are still waiting under Obamacare and remain uninsured!
Speaker: sean spicer
About the speaker: Sean Spicer is former press secretary to President Donald Trump. Previously, he was the communications director for the Republican National Committee.
Date: June 28, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Finally, the remaining 12 million people who are eligible for coverage but haven’t participated is expected to grow, as the Senate bill eliminates the individual mandate that was designed to lure those people in. Spicer said that 28.2 million Americans remain uninsured under Obamacare, an accurate  based on the most recent numbers. However, the talking point is out of context, as it ignores that this is in fact a historic low in the United States. He suggests that repealing the ACA would decrease this figure, but the CBO and health care experts agree that the opposite would happen under the proposed House and Senate versions of the health care bill. We rate this statement .
Statement: Secretly, unbeknownst to members of Congress, over $105 billion was hidden in the Obamacare legislation.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: March 6, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: She’s right that there’s about $105 billion of already approved spending in the health care bill that may be difficult to rescind. But that does not mean that the process was secret. While the pre-approved spending provisions didn’t attract media attention, they were in the plain language of the bill and did not vary dramatically from past congressional practice. And the bill was made public before the vote. On balance, we rate Bachmann’s statement .
Statement: Gates Foundation stands to make nearly £31.5 billion on a coronavirus vaccine in U.K.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 6, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post and several blog articles  that the Gates Foundation could make more than £30 billion from a coronavirus vaccine. That number is based on multiplying a reported estimate of the cost of a potential COVID-19 vaccine times the population of the U.K. But the company developing the vaccine has not publicly released an estimate. And while the Gates Foundation has pledged millions of dollars to companies developing potential coronavirus vaccines, there is no  that it stands to profit from them. The Facebook post is . We rate it .
Statement: Leticia Van de Putte "voted to give illegal immigrants in this country free health care--not emergency health care but total free health care.
Speaker: dan patrick
About the speaker: As a Houston state senator, Dan Patrick won election as lieutenant governor of Texas in November 2014 after earlier defeating incumbent David Dewhurst for his party's nomination. Patrick also has hosted a daily talk show on AM700 in Houston.
Date: September 29, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;health care;public health
Context: Austin
Fact-check justification: Patrick said Van de Putte "voted to give illegal immigrants in this country free health care -- not emergency health care but total free health care." The 2003 proposal in question didn’t provide immigrants free across-the-board health care. Rather, the measure permitted (and didn’t require) local governing bodies to provide (or, it appears, resume providing) non-emergency services to residents regardless of immigration status, an action that was predicted to improve outcomes and head off costly emergency care to which all residents were already entitled per federal law. Significantly, too, the proposal envisioned patients sharing costs. Diagnosis: .  – The statement is not accurate.
Statement: Peachtree and Pine is one of the leading sites for tuberculosis in the nation.
Speaker: kasim reed
About the speaker: Kasim Reed is Mayor of Atlanta.
Date: August 11, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: public health
Context: a speech at the Commerce Club
Fact-check justification: Mayor Kasim Reed said "Peachtree and Pine is one of the leading sites for tuberculosis in the nation." Thirty cases of a medicine-resistant strain of TB in eight states have been traced back to the shelter at Peachtree and Pine. The shelter also had a large share of the cases in a recent TB outbreak in Fulton County and four TB deaths, according to state data. CDC officials clearly believe it’s a concern, but a leading tuberculosis expert says there’s a dearth of comparative data. We rate Reed’s statement .
Statement: Larry Krasner is the only candidate running for District Attorney who explicitly pledges to never seek the death penalty.
Speaker: larry krasner
About the speaker: Candidate for district attorney
Date: May 1, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: death penalty
Context: the platform section of his campaign website
Fact-check justification: Krasner’s campaign for district attorney wrote that he "is the only candidate running for District Attorney who explicitly pledges to never seek the death penalty." At this point in the race, two other candidates have made a similar pledge. But it doesn’t appear either of those candidates were as explicit about that view throughout the campaign, unlike Krasner, who has long railed against the death penalty. When PolitiFact pointed out the discrepancy to Krasner’s campaign, the website was almost immediately updated. We rate the  .
Statement: Florida's revenue "is growing at a faster rate than almost any state in the country.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: March 21, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: economy;taxes
Context: public remarks
Fact-check justification: A few reports compiled with data encompassing different kinds of revenue can be confusing, but all paint the same picture: Florida revenues are still down from pre-recession levels, and don’t generally reflect a growth rate consistent with what Bush is claiming, either annually or in recent quarters. There is one report that says 2014 general revenue is expected to grow at a rate in the top 10 of all states. That data is self-reported from the state, however, and is only an estimate. According to experts we talked to, the Sunshine State is lagging behind the rest of the nation when it comes to getting its revenues back to pre-recession levels. We rate the statement .
Statement: The vast majority of our public school students are receiving less state support than their private voucher peers.
Speaker: sondy pope
About the speaker: Sondy Pope was first elected in 2002 to the Wisconsin Assembly to represent the western parts of Madison and the surrounding area.
Date: March 30, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: If you use $4,207 as a comparison point, Pope’s result flips -- only 33 percent of public districts get less general aid than that. Our rating Pope said the "vast majority of our public school students are receiving less state support than their private voucher peers." As was the case in Walker’s diametrically opposed , Pope accurately cites funding figures to make a point. But the narrow way she sets up the comparison is both a virtue and a vice, creating a technically accurate statement that leaves too little room for important details necessary to explain such a complex comparison. We rate her  .
Statement: Obamacare" represents "the largest tax increase in the history of the world.
Speaker: charlotte bergmann
About the speaker: Charlotte Bergmann is a former marketing professional who has been running as a Tea Party-style Republican for Tennessee's 9th Congressional District, which comprises Memphis and parts of the county's least-affluent suburban areas.
Date: July 4, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: health care;history;taxes
Context: an email newsletter
Fact-check justification: In an appeal to supporters to help fund her congressional campaign, Charlotte Bergmann repeated an assertion made by Rush Limbaugh that the Affordable Care Act created the largest tax increase in the history of the world. But we have consistently found that the ACA will bring in less revenue as a percentage of the entire national economy than many previous tax increases in U.S. history. That means the assertion by Bergmann and others that the health-care law is the biggest tax increase in world history cannot possibly be . That  is not just  but so far removed from the  that we rate it !
Statement: Says of the diversity visa lottery program, "they give us their worst people, they put them in a bin," and "the worst of the worst" are selected.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: December 15, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said of the diversity visa lottery program, "they give us their worst people, they put them in a bin," and "the worst of the worst" are selected.  Trump based his criticism of the lottery program on the fact that the suspect in a New York City terror attack came through the program in 2010. But Trump’s simplistic characterization gives a  impression of how the process actually works. First of all, countries don't "give us" immigrants. The lottery is administered by the United States, not foreign governments. Lottery entrants must meet educational and work experience requirements, and winners are chosen at random by a computer. Also, winning the lottery does not necessarily mean the person will come to the United States. They must be thoroughly vetted before being awarded a visa. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: New York City is "wasting taxpayer money on" billboards in Florida.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: April 5, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: lgbtq;new york
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Adams and the private marketing firms involved in the ad campaign have denied this characterization. WPP developed the creative content used in the campaign on a pro bono basis, and the billboard space was secured through one of its agencies.   We found no  to support that the city contributed financially to the campaign. DeSantis did not provide any material to support his assertion. We rate this  .