chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says with the ongoing economic downturn, child abuse is on the rise.
Speaker: jeff merkley
About the speaker: Jeff Merkley is a Democratic senator from Oregon. He was elected in 2008. Merkley won his first campaign for the Oregon Legislature as a representative in 1998. He was elected Democratic leader in 2003 and speaker of the House in 2007. He studied international relations at Stanford University and earned a graduate degree in public policy at Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
Date: September 1, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: children;economy;families
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Cahn concedes that people do feel stressed and depressed when the economy goes bust and may drink or use drugs in an attempt to cope. And that, she says, may be the indirect tie to Oregon’s rising numbers. So, it appears that while Oregon’s junior senator was right about the numbers of kids abused, the sour economy may not be deserve all the blame. We find the   . Comment on this item.
Statement: ATM users in distress can enter their PIN backwards to secretly call the police.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 18, 2019
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: posts online
Fact-check justification: According to the FTC report and industry experts, there are no ATMs with emergency-PIN technology. ATM users being forced to withdraw cash cannot enter their PIN backwards to call the police. Further, this type of security system may not deter crime at ATMs. For ATM users in distress, entering their PIN backwards will not call the police and could escalate a dangerous situation. We rate the  .
Statement: I didn't try to push" a bill to reduce lottery scholarship proceeds for students.
Speaker: dolores gresham
About the speaker: First elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives in 2002, Gresham won election to the Tennessee Senate in 2008 and represents Chester, Crockett, Fayette, Hardeman, Hardin, Haywood, McNairy and Wayne counties. She is from Somerville, which is about 30 miles east of Memphis, and chairs the senate's education committee.
Date: July 16, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: education;lottery
Context: an interview with The Commercial Appeal
Fact-check justification: It may be a quibble over semantics, but we think when the record shows that a state Senate committee chairwoman sponsored a bill, argued for its passage through two separate committee, tabled amendments offered by opponents and led it to passage on the Senate floor, that qualifies as trying to push for a bill. On the Senate floor, only one other member even spoke in favor of the bill in the entire 45-minute floor debate. We rule this statement .
Statement: Buying the naming rights to the new Falcons stadium is the largest marketing deal in Mercedes-Benz history.
Speaker: steve cannon
About the speaker: Steve Cannon is CEO of Mercedes-Benz USA. Previously, he was the company's marketing director.
Date: August 24, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: sports
Context: press release
Fact-check justification: The cost of those naming rights wasn’t disclosed. The company didn’t provide any  to back up his statement when we asked. Experts we talk to said the naming rights probably are costing the luxury car dealer between $8 million and $20 million a year, which over 27 years would be on the low end $216 million. Industry analysts say Mercedes-Benz may spend close to that top dollar figure in a single year, but not on a single marketing deal. We rate the statement .
Statement: Fifteen years ago, you couldn't even get a pizza delivered in that neighborhood.
Speaker: sabino "pio" renteria
About the speaker: Sabino "Pio" Renteria, elected to represent Austin's District 3 on the Austin City Council in November 2014, describes himself as a father and community activist.
Date: April 10, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;urban
Context: the Austin Chronicle
Fact-check justification: Renteria said that 15 years ago, you couldn’t get a pizza delivered in his neighborhood just east of downtown Austin. We see a dash of  here; not every pizza place delivered there at the time and earlier, into the 1990s, you evidently couldn’t get a pizza delivered at all. But it looks to us like you could get a pizza delivered 15 years ago if you knew which vendors to call. We rate the  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: A cashier earning $20,000 per year pays the same (Virginia) income tax rate as a hedge fund manager earning $20 million per year.
Speaker: david englin
About the speaker: David Englin, a Democrat, represented the parts of Alexandria and Arlington and Fairfax counties in the Virginia House of Delegates from 2005 to 2012. He resigned after acknowledging an extramarital affair.
Englin was born and reared on military bases overseas, where his mother, a single parent, taught elementary school special education in the Department of Defense public school system. He earned a B.S. in history from the U.S. Air Force Academy and an M.A. in public policy from Harvard University.
Englin served in the U.S. Air Force from 1992 to 2004. He is a principal at Englin Consulting, a communications and advocacy firm his wife, Shayna, founded in 2006.
Date: January 20, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: He’s . Basic deductions and exemptions would lower the cashier’s taxable income to a level below the state’s top rate of 5.75 percent that the hedge fund manager would likely pay. Englin tells us he intended to say that a cashier with a Virginia taxable income of $20,000 would pay the same rate as the rich hedge fund manager. But in such a case, the worker’s overall state income tax rate would still be lower than the millionaire’s. We rate Englin’s statement .
Statement: Wisconsin property taxes, as a percentage of personal income, "are the lowest that they've been since the end of World War II.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: January 10, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: income;state budget;taxes
Context: In a speech
Fact-check justification: The office of state Senate Minority Leader Jennifer Shilling, D-La Crosse, also pointed to Walker's budget moves, including limits on how much school districts can levy in property taxes, in noting that more than half of Wisconsin's 424 school districts have passed referendum initiatives since the beginning of 2012.   Our rating Walker said Wisconsin property taxes, as a percentage of personal income, "are the lowest that they've been since the end of World War II." It’s worth noting that one change Walker made reduces income tax refunds given to lower-income taxpayers through the state Homestead Credit, which is aimed at softening the impact of property taxes. But an analysis by the respected Wisconsin Taxpayers Alliance shows that on the measure Walker cited, property taxes are the lowest they have been since 1946. We rate the statement .
Statement: The World Economic Forum "bans natural conception" because "all babies must be lab-grown by 2030.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 16, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: We found no news reports or other credible  to corroborate the  that the World Economic Forum is trying to ban natural conception.   The forum didn’t immediately respond to PolitiFact’s questions about the , but a spokesperson told other news outlets that it’s .   "The World Economic Forum never called for banning natural conception and lab grown babies," a spokesperson told Reuters. "The forum also never funded such research." We rate this post !
Statement: Says a growing number of extremely premature babies survive into healthy childhood.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: June 27, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: abortion;children;women
Fact-check justification: Perry said more and more extremely premature babies grow into healthy childhoods. We found research indicating that more extreme preemies -- some born during the period when abortion is permitted -- make it home from the hospital and live into early childhood. But  is lacking to prove the children's long-term health; in fact, we found that many of these children face major health challenges. We rate Perry's statement, which lacked this clarification, as .
Statement: Says Jason Carter has "gotten David Axelrod to come down and be his campaign advisor.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: July 17, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: radio interview
Fact-check justification: But the firm he founded and sold five years ago is. Talaber, Deal’s campaign spokeswoman, said the governor made an "honest " when he said in a radio interview that Axelrod was working for Carter. But she said the underlying point still stands -- that Carter’s campaign team and consultants are "Obama insiders." That doesn’t change the fact that the governor was  in saying that Jason Carter has "gotten David Axelrod to come down and be his campaign advisor." We rate Deal’s statement as .
Statement: In a few months, this deal would give Iran $150 billion" for its $300 billion to $400 billion economy, which is "like $8 trillion flowing into the United States treasury.
Speaker: ron dermer
About the speaker: Ron Dermer is the Israeli ambassador to the United States.
Date: July 13, 2015
Topics: foreign policy;nuclear;punditfact
Context: a speech to a pro-Israel Christian group
Fact-check justification: Dermer said that for an economy the size of Iran, unfreezing $150 billion of Iranian assets would be like pumping $8 trillion into the U.S. treasury. There are several problems with this . It  the value of Iran’s frozen assets, underestimates the size of the Iranian economy, and confuses the concepts of a country’s economy and the money in its treasury. While Iran would gain access to foreign currency reserves worth about $100 billion, it is far from certain that the money would go directly into government spending. On the other hand, an amount of money on that scale would have a significant impact on the nation’s finances. The numbers are off and the logic is flawed, but this statement has an element of accuracy. We rate it .
Statement: Says Donald Trump has outlined "policies that read like a Kremlin wish list.
Speaker: michael morell
About the speaker: Michael Morell is the former deputy director of the CIA and is a senior security correspondent for CBS News.
Date: September 19, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;economy;energy;history;human rights;foreign policy;military;trade;transparency
Context: an open letter to Donald Trump
Fact-check justification: Morell and others said Trump has outlined "policies that read like a Kremlin wish list." Trumps comments on backing away from NATO, supporting Russia on the Ukraine and rethinking sanctions against Russia certainly qualify as statements that dovetail with what the Putin administration would like. But not all of his opinions, such as wanting to increase military spending, are in lockstep with policies the Kremlin might favor. We rate the statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/5df18d2f-7ff9-4a32-8bc9-ab8300a0ac0c
Statement: Providence teachers "can go five or six years without an evaluation.
Speaker: angel taveras
About the speaker: Angel Taveras served a four-year term as the mayor of Providence, R.I. beginning in Jan. 3, 2011, the first Dominican-American to be elected mayor in the state. In 2014 he lost the Democratic primary when he ran for governor. Taveras, a lawyer and former Housing Court judge, replaced David N. Cicilline, who was elected to Congress in Rhode Island's 1st District. He is a graduate of  Harvard University and Georgetown Law School.
Date: November 27, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: education
Context: an appearance on WPRI-12's Newsmakers
Fact-check justification: The Rhode Island affiliate of the American Federation of Teachers has received multiple grants, including one from the federal government to help in its effort. Over the past several months, the two sides have been working together to merge their initiatives and have suggested they could unveil a shared evaluation model next year. Whether Providence moves forward with the change that stakeholders on all sides say they want will be, in part, up to Taveras. After months of critiquing the schools that educated him, the mayor-elect will soon have a direct hand in shaping the School Department that educated him. We'll be watching to see whether he makes good on those promises.
Statement: We began seeing the increase in unaccompanied minors going back to last April 2020. This is not something that happened as a result of Joe Biden becoming president.
Speaker: veronica escobar
About the speaker: Veronica Escobar took office in 2019 as the U.S. Representative for Texas’ 16th Congressional District in El Paso. She was previously a County Commissioner and a County Judge.
 
Date: March 14, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;border security
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Escobar, whose office did not respond to requests for comment, said that increases in the number of unaccompanied minors reaching the southern U.S. border have been increasing since April 2020, when Trump was president.   It’s accurate to say that the number of children traveling alone to the border has been increasing since last April, but her statement downplays the fact that February saw a record increase in unaccompanied minors encountered by Border Patrol agents. Escobar also said that these increases are not "a result of Joe Biden becoming president." Experts say that the pull factor created by Biden’s policy change to stop expulsions of the minors is one of several factors driving the uptick in unaccompanied minors. However, there’s dispute over whether this pull factor is a more primary driver than other push factors.  We rate this  .
Statement: Obama's secretary of energy, Dr. Steven Chu, "has said publicly he wants us to pay European levels (for gasoline), and that would be $9 or $10 a gallon.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: March 11, 2012
Location: national
Topics: gas prices
Context: an appearance on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Gingrich said that Chu, the energy secretary, "has said publicly he wants us to pay European levels [for gasoline] and that would be $9 or $10 a gallon." Chu’s statement, made to the the Wall Street Journal in 2008, was "somehow we have to figure out how to boost the price of gasoline to the levels in Europe." Gingrich’s paraphrase was accurate. As for the price, he aimed a little high. We found examples of gasoline near $9 a gallon in Europe, but none approaching $10. Gasoline prices fluctuate, however, and so does the exchange rate between dollars and euros. But, because of the discrepancy, we rate his statement . This story originally provided an  date for the Fox News Sunday program on which Gingrich appeared. It has been corrected to say March 11, 2012. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/4cab7a2a-1eab-49c8-8bf0-54f9628d4bf2
Statement: Forty percent of illegal immigrants are "people coming legally on visas and overstaying their visas.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: December 17, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: immigration
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the U.S. are "people coming legally on visas and overstaying their visas." This widely cited statistic is based is an estimate based on research going back to the 1990s. The federal government hasn’t provided updated statistics on overstayed visas, and subsequent research has focused on adapting the old data to new trends. Estimates in those reports have ranged from 27 percent to 58 percent of illegal immigrants overstaying their visas. So Cruz is using what research shows to be an acceptable middle figure. But he would be more accurate to refer to the 40 percent figure as an estimate rather than a fact. We rate his statement .
Statement: I always supported civil unions.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: January 28, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: lgbtq
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: When asked about his changing stance on gay marriage, Crist said, "I always supported civil unions." Crist repeatedly made statements in favor of civil unions between 2006 and 2010. In fact a gay publication endorsed him in the Republican primary in 2006 because of his stance on civil unions. But Crist sacrified his support for civil unions by voting for an anti-gay-marriage amendment that could have also banned civil unions. As the amendment headed toward the ballot, news stories often quoted experts who said civil unions could be at risk if the amendment were to pass. That supposition hasn’t been tested, since a statewide law on civil unions hasn’t passed. But while Crist was clearly conflicted about the amendment -- he didn’t campaign for it and he urged the Republican Party of Florida not to spend money on it -- he ultimately did say that he voted for it. On balance, we rate this  .
Statement: Assembly Republicans "have come to the table" and were part of "give and take" compromise on a coronavirus bill.
Speaker: jim steineke
About the speaker: Rep. Jim Steineke (R-Kaukauna) was first elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 2010 and represents the 5th district in the Fox Cities area. He was named by his fellow Republicans as Assembly Majority Leader in the fall of 2014.
Date: January 26, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: states;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: After the Assembly ignored a Senate-backed compromise to pass its own coronavirus bill, Steineke said, "Here in Madison, you learn quickly that give and take is needed to get things done," claiming Assembly Republicans had "come to the table" and compromised. This characterization of the Assembly action is disingenuous at best. Steineke’s verbiage referencing compromise — typically used to refer to politicians from opposing parties finding a middle ground — doesn’t reference bipartisanship at all. Evers wasn’t part of this process. And whatever negotiations occurred between the GOP leaders of the Senate and Assembly, this description clearly overreaches given LeMahieu’s immediate criticism of the result. That’s not getting things done, and it’s not in line with Steineke’s "give and take" description. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Scott Walker "said that forcing women facing abortion to get invasive ultrasounds was 'just a cool thing.'
Speaker: naral pro-choice america
About the speaker: NARAL Pro-Choice America, formerly the National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League, is the country's oldest abortion rights advocacy group. It advocates for pro-choice rights on the issues of abortion, birth control, sex education and healthy pregnancies.
Date: June 18, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;health care;government regulation;public health;women
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Our rating NARAL Pro-Choice America says that Walker "said that forcing women facing abortion to get invasive ultrasounds was 'just a cool thing.'" Walker did defend the law he signed requiring an ultrasound in order to get an abortion. But the "cool" reference wasn’t to forcing some women to get vaginal ultrasounds, but rather to the ultrasound technology that produces images from the womb. For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is . More on Scott Walker For profiles and stories on Scott Walker and 2016 presidential politics, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel's  Scott Walker page .
Statement: Now it's official: FDA announced that vaccines are causing autism.
Speaker: truthcommand.com
About the speaker: Truthcommand.com is a website that states that it aims “to raise awareness to issues ignored by the media.”
Date: November 21, 2017
Topics: autism;children;fake news;health care;punditfact
Context: an article on a website
Fact-check justification: The  story has circulated at least since March 2016 when Snopes debunked it . Truthcommand.com stated "Now it’s official: FDA announced that vaccines are causing autism." But the FDA did no such thing. The  Truthcommand.com cited is taken out of context,  or out of date. We rate this  . '
Statement: Speedway is offering $500 fuel cards for $1.95 to help customers with rising fuel costs.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 30, 2022
Location: national
Topics: gas prices;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In this case, the  Speedway post asks users to "apply now" and answer a few basic questions. After clicking, it brings you to a row of gift boxes and tells you to choose a prize. From there, it asks you to turn over personal information to a suspicious website in order to "win." Don’t fall for it.   We rate this !