chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Congress has one job here: to count electoral votes that have in fact been cast by any state.
Speaker: mike gallagher
About the speaker: Republican Mike Gallagher of Green Bay was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in November 2016. He is the senior global market strategist at Breakthrough Fuel, a Green Bay supply chain fuel management company. Gallagher previously served as a human intelligence and counterintelligence officer in the U.S. Marine Corps. He was a foreign policy aide to GOP Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker's 2016 presidential campaign.  
Date: January 3, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: constitutional amendments;elections;states
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Gallagher said, "Congress has one job here: to count electoral votes that have in fact been cast by any state." He said this in making the broader point that Congress is not tasked in this case with making "value judgements" about the legitimacy of those votes. That is a power left to the states. The role of Congress, as laid out in the Constitution and federal law, is effectively to observe the electors sent in by the states. And that’s how the process has been carried out throughout American history. We rate this  .
Statement: A man at "the storming of the U.S. embassy" in Iraq visited the White House in 2011.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 4, 2020
Topics: iran;iraq;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In a story headlined, "These 3 pro-Iran militia leaders are provoking protesters at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad," the Washington Post said he was "also in attendance. "   But he is the same person who visited the White House in 2011.   A viral Facebook post displays two pictures — one taken at the White House in 2011 and one taken at a protest outside the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad in December 2019 — and says they show the same man was at both. We rate this .
Statement: Girl Scouts USA's curriculum "promotes Margaret Sanger, founder of Planned Parenthood, Betty Friedan, founder of NARAL Prochoice, and other pro-abortion women as icons for our children to emulate.
Speaker: american life league
About the speaker: The American Life League calls itself the largest grass-roots Catholic pro-life organization in the United States and says it is committed to the "protection of all innocent human beings from the moment of creation to natural death."
Date: February 4, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: abortion;children;sexuality
Context: an email blast
Fact-check justification: The league said Girl Scouts USA’s curriculum "promotes Margaret Sanger, founder of Planned Parenthood, Betty Friedan, founder of NARAL Prochoice, and other pro-abortion women as icons for our children to emulate." A Girl Scouts’ Pinterest page--not the scouts’ curriculum--leads to a blog post highlighting speeches by 13 women, including one by Sanger. The scouts' advocacy guide, part of the organization’s curriculum, features two blurbs on Friedan and also thumbnails other women who have advocated abortion rights. However, none of the guide's 50-some biographical blurbs mentions any woman's activism per abortion as a reason for singling her out. Abortion is not mentioned elsewhere in the guide, either. We find no factual reason to conclude that the scouts are teaching girls in this vein. We rate this  as .
Statement: Video shows "the earthquake in Turkey.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 8, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But this video has been online since well before the earthquake that devastated parts of Turkey and Syria on Feb. 6.   It was posted on TikTok on Jan. 16, with a caption in Arabic that Google translated to mean "Jeddah, Kilo 3, Old Makkah Road." Old Makkah Road is in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia . In response to Belgian fact-checker Brecht Castel’s appeal for help finding the  location of the misidentified video, one user shared a 2017 image of the building on Google Maps, writing, "that’s the demolition of this building" in Jeddah.   We rate claims it shows a building falling in the recent Turkey-Syria earthquake .
Statement: For decades before I was elected, governors tried and failed to get Minnesota out of the top 10 highest-taxed states in the country. I actually did it.
Speaker: tim pawlenty
About the speaker: Tim Pawlenty is the former governor of Minnesota, having served two terms in office from 2003-2011.
Date: May 23, 2011
Location: national
Topics: history;states;taxes
Context: a speech to announce his presidential candidacy
Fact-check justification: So we’re sticking with our measurement. So to recap, we conclude that Pawlenty did have an almost perfect record of keeping Minnesota out of the top 10 list for highest-taxed states. And he’s right that three of his predecessors, in both parties, failed to achieve what he did to any significant degree. But when he says that "for decades before I was elected, governors tried and failed to get Minnesota out of the top 10 highest taxed states in the country," he ignores that Ventura achieved this in the three years before Pawlenty became governor. We rate the statement .
Statement: Emails show that Fauci knew "hydroxychloroquine worked [and] emailed friends about it being effective.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 2, 2021
Topics: health care;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims Fauci knew about hydroxychloroquine's ability to treat people with COVID-19, referencing emails from the health director obtained by BuzzFeed and the Washington Post.  However, those emails do not show him acknowledging its effectiveness. Instead, it shows him aware of claims being made by other people about the drug and that he’s waiting on the results of a study being conducted on hydroxychloroquine as a possible treatment for COVID-19. The study was eventually halted after researchers concluded the drug offered no additional benefit for treating the virus.  We rate this  .
Statement: Haiti, Tanzania and Madagascar refused the COVID-19 vaccines and now all three of their presidents have died unexpectedly.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 11, 2021
Location: national
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that the presidents of Haiti, Tanzania and Madagascar were all killed after their countries refused the COVID-19 vaccines. There is no  that any of the men were killed because of their countries reluctance over the COVID-19 vaccines.  Magufuli and Ratsiraka both reportedly died in hospitals of heart-related issues, and the latter had been out of power for nearly 20 years. Moïse was the only one assassinated among the group, following months of political turmoil in the country over his governing and rising crime. We rate this .
Statement: When (John) Brennan ... was asked directly … 'Is there any geographic limitation to your drone strike program?' Brennan responded and said, 'no, there is no limitation.'
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: March 6, 2013
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;terrorism
Context: a Senate filibuster
Fact-check justification: Paul said during the filibuster, "When Brennan, whose nomination I am opposing today, was asked directly, … ‘Is there any geographic limitation to your drone strike program?’ Brennan responded and said, ‘no, there is no limitation.’" We found three instances when Brennan cited legal opinion asserting no geographic limit on where the United States can use drones against terrorists. He did add that the absence of a geographic limit does not mean drones can be used "whenever or wherever" -- that international legal principles still apply. But we agree with Pillar that that addendum doesn’t amount to a geographic limitation. Paul’s characterization of Brennan’s comments is accurate. We rate it .
Statement: The Obama-Clinton war on coal has cost Michigan over 50,000 jobs.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 8, 2016
Location: national
Topics: environment;energy;jobs;government regulation
Context: Detroit
Fact-check justification: Trump said that "the Obama-Clinton war on coal has cost Michigan over 50,000 jobs." However, this  is problematic on several levels. While the number matches one projection of how many potential jobs could be lost from the blockage of coal-fired plants, there’s a difference between actual jobs lost and potential future jobs lost. And the number cited -- an impossible-to-confirm projection based on broadly construed calculations released by a pro-coal group -- should be taken with a big grain of salt. Trump also ignores that market forces, not just environmental regulations, have driven many of the job losses in the coal sector, and he also ignores that Michigan Republican officials and utilities themselves -- not just the Obama administration -- have pushed the switch away from coal. We rate the  .
Statement: Breaking: Shep Smith to be canned because he can't control his hate for Donald Trump.
Speaker: newsflash
About the speaker: Newsflash is a website that posts content about politics and celebrities but lacks original reporting.
Date: June 10, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: They can say whatever they want, if it’s their opinion. I don’t really watch a lot of opinion programming. I’m busy." Bottom line: This headline is recycled  news from 2017. We rate this statement !
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton said in an email that she didn't want Michelle Obama at the same events as her.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 23, 2019
Topics: negative campaigning;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Lastly, we looked for news stories of Clinton making such a statement about Michelle Obama. Between the release of hacked emails to the controversy over Clinton using a private email server while she was secretary of state, the two-time presidential hopeful has garnered wide media coverage when it comes to messages sent online. It would follow that such inflammatory comments about Michelle Obama would draw journalists’ attention. And yet, we found no credible reports that Clinton ever said such a thing. We rate this Facebook post as !
Statement: Wisconsin is second to last in the Midwest in our vaccination rate and the governor says he's 'satisfied.'
Speaker: rebecca kleefisch
About the speaker: Rebecca Kleefisch was the lieutenant governor of Wisconsin from 2011-19 under Gov. Scott Walker. She previously worked as a TV anchor and reporter, most recently with WISN-TV in Milwaukee. Kleefisch was defeated August 9, 2022 in her Republican primary bid for Republican nomination for governor.
 
Date: January 14, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Criticizing the rollout under Evers’ administration, Kleefisch said Wisconsin is second to last in the Midwest in vaccination rate. Kleefisch is making the general point that Wisconsin is in worse shape than surrounding states, and that’s correct. But it’s in fact even worse than she asserted. After a stretch as second-worst in the Midwest, Wisconsin moved to last on that list shortly before Kleefisch’s tweet. And Evers did say around the same time he was satisfied with the state’s progress, though he used the term with a caveat about vaccine availability. We rate this  .
Statement: When Abraham Lincoln made the Gettysburg Address speech, the great speech, do you know he was ridiculed? He was ridiculed.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 6, 2018
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: Billings, Mont
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "When Abraham Lincoln made the Gettysburg Address speech, the great speech, do you know he was ridiculed? He was ridiculed." Lincoln was definitely ridiculed by some newspapers, primarily on the basis of politics. Those sympathetic to Democrats and the South blasted it for seeming to support a continuation of the war and the goal of emancipation. It's worth noting that other newspapers -- those whose sentiments aligned with the Union -- lavished the address with praise. The statement is accurate but requires additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: 'No Sharpies on ballots' permitted for in-person voting in Illinois.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 8, 2022
Location: illinois
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: Instagram post
Fact-check justification: They have been tested and approved to be used on these devices." The state’s Board of Elections also directly responded to the erroneous Awake Illinois tweet about Sharpie pens reportedly being prohibited.   "Sharpies are an approved ballot marking device for many voting systems," the board replied in a tweet. Claims saying felt-tip Sharpie markers are barred from Illinois voting booths are . We rate them .
Statement: Says "my plan is a property tax cut.
Speaker: stephen sweeney
About the speaker: State Senate President Stephen Sweeney is a Democrat representing Salem County and parts of Gloucester and Cumberland counties.
Date: March 8, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: an interview on NJToday
Fact-check justification: In radio and TV interviews, Sweeney claimed his proposal "cuts property taxes" or represents a "property tax cut." The senator’s proposal would provide a tax credit of up to $1,000 for households earning less than $250,000 a year. The credit would be based on the amount of property taxes paid, but the credit would be "against their income taxes," as the Senate Democrats’ website states. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Fifty percent of kids coming out of school can't get a job.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: May 17, 2012
Location: national
Topics: education;jobs
Context: a private campaign fundraiser
Fact-check justification: Romney told campaign donors that "50 percent of kids coming out of school can't get a job." He missed a key qualifier -- according to the research, about a quarter of recent college grads literally can’t find a job, while another quarter have found a job, but one that doesn’t require a college degree. Still, the research shows the employment picture for college grads is grimmer than at any time in more than a decade. We rate the  .
Statement: Upwards of 90 percent" of women seeking an abortion decide not to have an abortion after seeing an ultrasound.
Speaker: rachel campos-duffy
About the speaker: Rachel Campos-Duffy, the wife of U.S. Rep. Sean Duffy, R-Wis., is a conservative pundit, writer and occasional TV show host. She first gained notoriety on MTV's "The Real World."
Date: June 12, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;children;families;health care;women
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: But the council makes no  and provides no  indicating that on a national level upwards of 90 percent of women seeking an abortion change their minds after seeing an ultrasound. Our rating Campos-Duffy said "upwards of 90 percent" of women seeking an abortion decide not to have an abortion after seeing an ultrasound. Research indicates that some women seeking an abortion change their mind after having an ultrasound. But, while one anti-abortion organization claims a figure of nearly 90 percent for its ultrasound program among a certain group of women, there is no solid  to back Campos-Duffy’s sweeping . We rate her statement .
Statement: Says people who signed recall petitions against Wisconsin state Sen. Jim Holperin received "harassing phone calls from out-of-state telemarketers claiming to represent the Democratic Party and insinuating foul play by petition circulators.
Speaker: kim simac
About the speaker: Kim Simac, a Republican, is a leader of the tea party movement in Wisconsin and is founder of Northwoods Patriots, a group based in Eagle River, Wis., that says it is dedicated to protecting Christian values. She ran unsuccessfully in a 2011 recall election against Democratic Wisconsin state Sen. Jim Holperin.
Date: April 29, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;state budget
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Let’s wrap up. Simac said people who signed Holperin recall petitions received "harassing phone calls from out-of-state telemarketers claiming to represent the Democratic Party and insinuating foul play by petition circulators." Some people who received calls said they felt harassed even if they received just one call because they didn’t expect to be questioned about signing a petition. The callers were employed by an out-of-state firm, they did identify themselves as representing the Wisconsin Democratic Party and did  that petition circulators misled signers of the petitions. We rate Simac’s  as .
Statement: Says the claim that 40 percent of guns are sold without background checks traces to information gathered before background checks were even required.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: January 30, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: guns
Context: a U.S. Senate committee hearing
Fact-check justification:     Cruz said the  that 40 percent of guns are sold without background checks traces to information gathered before background checks were required. However, the 1994 survey took place a few months after federal law mandated background checks--and about one third of states were requiring the checks even earlier. Given the infancy of the Brady law, it still may be that few respondents underwent the mandated checks. Significantly, respondents were not asked if they had undergone such checks or in which states they had acquired their guns. Summing up: Some background checks were ongoing at the time of the survey. Still, Cruz’s statement drives at the fact that the oft-quoted survey was conducted nearly two decades ago, before the federal law had time to have much effect.
Statement: A friend's sister "died from Obamacare" because Blue Shield "completely just pulled out of California.
Speaker: ann coulter
About the speaker: Ann Coulter is a conservative columnist and author.
Date: February 2, 2014
Topics: health care;punditfact
Context: an interview on "Fox & Friends Weekend"
Fact-check justification: Coulter said a friend’s sister "died from Obamacare" because she was "thrown off her insurance plan, you know Blue Shield completely just pulled out of California." We're not fact-checking whether someone died. We're looking at the circumstances Coulter presented. Blue Shield did not pull out of California, and the company did not leave people without insurance. In fact, customers were allowed to keep their existing insurance plans through March. If the basic facts of Coulter’s story are accurate, the woman in question elected to drop insurance coverage. Whatever the story of Blue Shield, saying someone died "from Obamacare" is incendiary and grossly . Coulter’s  rates .
Statement: In 2020 we won (Wisconsin).
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 26, 2021
Location: national
Topics: elections;legal issues;states;wisconsin
Context: Statement
Fact-check justification: Trump’s  that he won Wisconsin in 2020 was  when he first made it. If anything, to keep repeating it is more  now. .
Statement: Abolishing the Electoral College would make Los Angeles County stronger than 43 states.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 11, 2019
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Presidential candidates are not going to campaign for the general election in rural areas no matter what system is used, simply because there aren't enough votes there," Speel said. A Facebook post said, "Abolishing the Electoral College would make Los Angeles County stronger than 43 states." With a popular vote system in place of the Electoral College, experts said every individual voter will have the same power. A change from one system to another could alter campaigning practices, but that doesn’t necessarily mean one vote in an urban area counts more than one vote in a rural area. We rate this post .