chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The snow is government-generated or fake.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 17, 2021
Topics: weather;facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: However, Plait explained, the reaction isn’t perfect, and some of the carbon molecules from the butane bond with one another to form soot.   "When (soot) is made in the videos it plates itself onto the snowball making it turn black," he said.   There’s nothing strange or artificial about the snow in the videos. It’s probably best to let these claims melt away.   !
Statement: In 99 percent of counties in America, someone making the minimum wage working full time can't afford a 1-bedroom apartment.
Speaker: kamala harris
About the speaker: Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States. Harris was elected as a senator from California in 2016. She previously was California’s attorney general from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 until 2011, she was the district attorney of San Francisco. Harris received a bachelor’s degree in political science and economics from Howard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in December. On Aug. 11, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden named Harris as his running mate.
Date: July 19, 2018
Location: national
Topics: housing
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Harris recently tweeted, "In 99 percent of counties in America, someone making the minimum wage working full time can’t afford a 1-bedroom apartment." She was referring to a recent study by the National Low Income Housing Coalition, which shows that "in only 22 counties out of more than 3,000 counties nationwide can a full-time minimum wage worker afford a one-bedroom rental home at fair market rent." Harris didn’t refer to the concept of "fair market rent," which is defined as the "40th percentile of gross rents for standard rental units." The underlying study she referenced doesn’t say that a minimum wage worker can’t afford any housing in almost all of the United States, but that a minimum wage worker can’t afford the average-priced housing unit. With that said, Harris’s  is still a largely accurate characterization of the magnitude of the rent affordability problems that many people face. We rate this  .
Statement: Today, you have six financial institutions, the largest six, that have assets that are the equivalent of 60 percent of the GDP of the United States of America.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: October 4, 2011
Location: national
Topics: financial regulation;new hampshire 2012;occupy wall street
Context: an interview with MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Sanders’ math is correct -- in fact, the percentage he offers is actually a little low. And he’s careful to say only that the banks’ assets are only "equivalent" to 60 percent of the United States’ GDP, not that the banks own 60 percent of the United States. Sanders doesn’t note that big banks in other countries are far bigger, compared to their nations’ GDP, than the U.S. banks are. Still, on balance, we rate his statement .
Statement: Texas medical professional: Migrants quarantined with UNKNOWN disease.
Speaker: big league politics
About the speaker: Big League Politics is a website that describes itself as challenging both political parties. "We are not conservative. We are not liberal. We are road warriors fighting the good fight for journalism," its about page says. 
Date: June 26, 2019
Topics: immigration;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: Big League Politics claimed migrants were being quarantined at a private hospital in El Paso with an unknown disease.  That article was based on quotes from one anonymous source. Both U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention told PolitiFact that they have no record of quarantines for an unknown disease affecting migrants on the U.S. southern border.  Without , we rate the  .
Statement: Biden's CDC Director ADMITS Her Own Employees Aren't Getting Vaccinated.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 29, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: And as of Dec. 8 , 97.1% of HHS employees had received at least one dose, with a compliance rate of 99.6%. Overall, 92.5% of over 3.5 million employees in federal agencies included under the executive order had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose by Dec. 8, with a compliance rate of 97.2%. Those figures were announced by the White House on Dec. 9, weeks before the Facebook post. While Walensky might not have had the exact percentage available at the time of the hearing, updated data shows that the vast majority of government employees are getting their shots, and Walensky didn’t say otherwise. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Sen. Sherrod Brown admitted "that his $787 billion stimulus law failed" and "after specifically attacking Republicans for wanting to lower Americans' taxes, (he) now claims that his stimulus bill 'didn't do enough' to lower taxes.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: February 1, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: stimulus;taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: But what about the  that Brown specifically attacked Republicans for wanting to lower Americans' taxes? Brown was a vocal opponent of extending the Bush tax cuts for the wealthiest 2 percent of taxpayers, which he said have failed to stimulate the economy. He did vote in favor of their extension last December, but said it was only because the bill extended tax reductions for the middle class and included billions of dollars in unemployment benefits. So where does the NRSC land on the -O-Meter?    That’s why we rate the statement as .
Statement: Gangs have increased by 40 percent since this president was elected.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: July 21, 2013
Location: national
Topics: crime;pundits
Context: a roundtable discussion on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Gingrich said that "gangs have increased by 40 percent since this president was elected." Gingrich deserves credit for using statistics from a credible federal agency, but it’s important to note that methodological difficulties make it hard for anyone, even the FBI, to determine how many gang members there are in the United States. Criminologists express skepticism about whether gang membership could have jumped 40 percent in just two years, saying that broader crime statistics don’t show any sign of it. In addition, despite the Gingrich camp’s insistence that he did not mean to cast blame on Obama for the rise in gang membership, we think that a reasonable viewer of the discussion could have made such an inference. On balance, we rate the  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/682949c8-0c99-4bd5-959a-cf2953e8cfce
Statement: Zero Amish children diagnosed with cancer, diabetes or autism.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 9, 2023
Topics: public health;religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A 2020 study he co-authored found diabetes, hypertension and high cholesterol lower among Amish adults than non-Amish adults. Mitchell said autism has been diagnosed in the Lancaster population. There are no studies to show autism is less common among Amish children than in non-Amish children, he said. Experts, studies and news coverage show that there are not "zero" Amish children diagnosed with cancer, diabetes and autism. We rate the  !
Statement: Tulsa school closes after brutal fire.
Speaker: react365.com
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: October 23, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: The Tulsa School of Arts and Sciences charter high school was ravaged by an accidental fire shortly after opening in 2012 , forcing students into the former Sequoyah Elementary School building. The fire had started in the ceiling where a ventilation pipe was being installed above a chemistry laboratory. This blaze, however, was entirely fictional. The only flames here are from our rating: ! <div class='artembed'>
Statement: The RESTRICT Act would allow the U.S. government to "charge you with a felony and $1 million for having a VPN.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: April 11, 2023
Topics: congress;technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram reel
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed the RESTRICT Act would allow the U.S. government to "charge you with a felony and $1 million for having a VPN." The bill, which has not yet been voted on, aims to mitigate national security threats posed by technology controlled by certain foreign countries. The bill does not mention "virtual private networks" or "VPNs." Some experts worry the bill could ban TikTok and criminalize attempts to circumvent such a ban, such as by using a VPN to access TikTok. But the bill’s sponsors said the measure’s criminal provisions are aimed not at individual people, but at corporations and executives. The bill does not criminalize simply having a VPN. The  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  .
Statement: Says states not directly involved in the gay marriage lawsuits that reached the Supreme Court "are not bound" by the court's ruling.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: June 28, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: legal issues;lgbtq;marriage;supreme court
Context: an interview with NPR News
Fact-check justification: Cruz said states not directly involved in the gay marriage lawsuits that reached the Supreme Court "are not bound" by the court’s ruling. He has a thread of a point in that only four states were directly involved in the case. But that’s an incomplete answer to the question of whether states could ignore the court’s ruling. Other courts would be bound by the Supreme Court’s precedent, making the ruling applicable throughout the nation. That’s a fact that Cruz alluded to only after being pressed by the interviewer for clarification of his earlier  statement. We rate the  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: In this country … we have more natural gas than Saudi Arabia has oil.
Speaker: jon huntsman
About the speaker: Jon Huntsman was the governor of Utah from 2005 to 2009. He served as ambassador to China from 2009 to 2011. He is a Republican candidate for president in 2012. 
Date: December 15, 2011
Location: national
Topics: environment;energy
Context: a Republican presidential primary debate
Fact-check justification: In the debate, Huntsman said, "we have more natural gas than Saudi Arabia has oil." By two of the three measures to consider that , Huntsman is off base. Looking at proved resources, Saudi Arabia’s oil reserves are far larger than U.S. natural gas reserves. Considering technically recoverable resources, Saudi Arabia is still the front runner. Only when comparing current production levels does Huntsman’s statistic hold up. But Huntsman didn’t refer to production. Additionally, in talking about moving America toward energy independence, we think reserves are more relevant than current production and rule his  .
Statement: I was among the earliest to criticize the rush to war (in Iraq), and yes, even before the war ever started.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 22, 2016
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: On the Iraq War, Trump said, "I was among the earliest to criticize the rush to war, and yes, even before the war ever started." The record just doesn’t support this. We could only find one example of Trump commenting on the Iraq War before the invasion where he seemed apprehensive but not vehemently opposed to the operation. In another interview, Trump said he supported the invasion. This  rates .
Statement: Says Donald Trump's reelection campaign emailed supporters to "donate to help him recover from" COVID-19.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: October 2, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus;ask politifact
Context: a screenshot
Fact-check justification: That’s the value of loans and debts that Trump must pay back, according to a New York Times investigation of the president’s tax returns. The email pitch was . We rate it ! This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: I haven't raised taxes in the time I've been the governor of New Jersey.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: August 20, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: taxes
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Christie said, "I haven't raised taxes in the time I've been the governor of New Jersey." The rates for the state’s three major taxes have not increased during the governor’s tenure. But Christie reduced funding for several tax credit programs. The governor’s administration argues those tax credits are spending programs, but several experts said reductions in tax credits amount to tax increases. We rate this  . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says he passed a bill to stop a military requirement that wounded soldiers pay for meals and phone calls.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 15, 2008
Location: national
Topics: military
Context: Las Vegas
Fact-check justification: The meal portion was included in a final conference report that passed both chambers that month. Obama is correct that his bill passed and that it had Republican support. But at the Las Vegas debate, he gave the impression that its scope was broader than it was. Indeed, the main problem had been fixed two years earlier. So we find his statement .
Statement: Says "TriMet's own analysis shows that YouthPass does not actually add to the transit agency's costs.
Speaker: sam adams
About the speaker: Sam Adams is the mayor of Portland. Before that he was a city commissioner and , for 11 years, was chief of staff to then-Mayor Vera Katz.
Date: June 26, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: city budget;transportation
Context: a press statement
Fact-check justification: The mayor’s statement is accurate. But we think it needs additional information. Providing free student passes will not add to TriMet’s operating costs in the form of more drivers or bus routes, but it will deprive the transit agency of revenue once provided by other public agencies. The statement is accurate but needs extra information. We rate his statement .
Statement: Tens of millions of Americans live in communities where they cannot find a doctor while others have to wait months to be seen.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: July 19, 2023
Topics: health care;public health;health check
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Sanders’  that there are "tens of millions" of people who live in communities where they can’t find a doctor aligns with published data we reviewed. The federal government estimates that 100 million people live in areas where there is a shortage of primary care providers. Another study found that some 70 million adults reported they don’t have a usual source of care or use the emergency department when they need medical care. At the same time, several factors can affect people’s primary care experience. Some people may neither want nor need a primary care physician; others may be seen by nonphysician primary care providers. Finally, on the question of wait times, the available data does not support Sanders’  that people must wait for months to be seen by a primary care provider. There was wide variation depending on where people lived, however. Overall, Sanders accurately described the difficulty that tens of millions of people likely face in finding a primary care doctor. We rate it .
Statement: In other states (where illegal immigrants have been allowed to get driver's licenses) their insurance premiums for everybody have gone down.
Speaker: gina raimondo
About the speaker: Gina Raimondo served a four-year term as Rhode Island's general treasurer beginning in Jan. 4, 2011 before being elected governor in 2014. She cofounded and served as a general partner of Point Judith Capital. She is a graduate of Yale Law School and a Rhodes Scholar. She is married with two children.
Date: September 28, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration;economy;public safety;regulation
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Raimondo said that in states where illegal immigrants have been allowed to get driver's licenses, the "insurance premiums for everybody have gone down." The few studies that have been done have estimated that there is a savings. In addition, the experts we spoke with also say there's good reason to believe that the savings, albeit small, will be real. But the research on this is scattered and far from definitive. As such, we rate the  .
Statement: If you have the Flu… get these two items… Sambucol (and) Oscillococcinum… in 48 hours you will feel better. In 72 hours you will be almost symptom-free.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 15, 2019
Topics: drugs;health care;public health;facebook fact-checks;health check;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post claims, "If you have the Flu… get these two items… Sambucol [and] Oscillococcinum… in 48 hours you will feel better. In 72 hours you will be almost symptom-free." Overall, Sambucol has the most flu-fighting potential, but there is little  that Oscillococcinum can considerably shorten the length of the flu. And there isn’t enough  to prove that either of them can treat influenza better than antiviral medications.  The post’s  has an element of  but leaves out critical context. We rate it .
Statement: Hidden in the CARES Act was an obscure $135 billion tax break for 43,000 millionaires.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 14, 2020
Topics: taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: on social media
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post said, "Hidden in the CARES Act was an obscure $135 billion tax break for 43,000 millionaires." This refers to a real provision in the CARES Act that eases restrictions passed in 2017 that limited how extensively pass-through corporations can apply business losses to the owner’s individual tax burden. Congress’ official tax arbiter pegged the 10-year cost of the provision at $135 billion, and that committee also projected that 43,000 taxpayers earning more than $1 million a year would benefit.  However, it’s worth noting that 87,000 taxpayers earning less than that would also benefit. We rate the statement .
Statement: A screenshot shows Tucker Carlson announcing he'll "be starting at NewsMax next month.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 15, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a screenshot
Fact-check justification: "Don't assume screenshots from Parler are real," said NBC News reporter Ben Collins in a Nov. 15 tweet . "You can change the name of your account to impersonate whoever you want over there." We reached out to Parler for a comment, but we haven’t heard back. The Facebook post is  and . We rate it !
Statement: Thanks to President Trump and Republicans over the past year through July, U.S. manufacturing added 327,000 jobs, the most of any 12-month period since April 1995, when the figure added a healthy 345,000 positions.
Speaker: west virginia republican party
About the speaker: The West Virginia Republican Party is the official Republican state party organization in West Virginia.
Date: September 7, 2018
Location: west virginia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The West Virginia Republican Party tweeted, "Thanks to President Trump and Republicans over the past year through July, U.S. manufacturing added 327,000 jobs, the most of any 12-month period since April 1995, when the figure added a healthy 345,000 positions." The numbers and the length of time are accurate. It’s worth noting, however, that the climb has been under way for years, and that many factors play a role in such economic achievements, not just the president or his party. The statement is accurate but needs additional information, so we rate it .