chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Brookhaven homeowners pay hundreds of dollars less in property taxes compared with owners of the same-value homes in unincorporated DeKalb County.
Speaker: brookhaven
About the speaker: Brookhaven is a city of about 50,000 people in north-central DeKalb County. It is Georgia's newest city, having come into existance in December 2012.
Date: July 21, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: a city mailer
Fact-check justification: Add in the fact that Brookhaven residents pay $12 more in stormwater fees than those in unincorporated DeKalb, and the final savings is less than $50 and $100, respectively, DeKalb Deputy Tax Commissioner Robert Goodman said. "On the face of it, to say your property tax bill will be lower in Brookhaven is correct, but not nearly by the amounts stated," Goodman said. Brookhaven claimed very specific savings, to the tune of hundreds of dollars, to residents on their tax bills in a recent flier. The premise of savings is accurate, but the numbers are off significantly. We rate the  .
Statement: We're building a nearly $40-billion natural gas pipeline, which is North America's largest and most expensive infrastructure project ever.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: October 2, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: St. Louis, Mo
Fact-check justification: The Alaska Pipeline was completed in 1977 at a cost of $8-billion. In 2007 dollars that would be just over $27-billion, edging out Palin's proposed natural gas pipeline. While there are plans on the drawing board to build a pipeline, and Palin moved them forward in certain respects as governor, her  in the debate suggests construction is underway, when that's not . And she overstated the estimated cost of the project. We find her  to be .
Statement: An image shows "what appears to be an official ballot box being taken away from a polling location by an unidentified civilian.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 3, 2020
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post stated that an image shows "what appears to be an official ballot box being taken away from a polling location by an unidentified civilian." The post raises suspicion about the person handling the ballots. In reality, the person in the image was an authorized election official transporting the ballots to the Convention Center for processing. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says he "was the only Republican" to vote against creating a House panel to investigate Planned Parenthood.
Speaker: david jolly
About the speaker: David Jolly won a special election in March 2014 to represent the 13th U.S. Congressional District in Pinellas County, Florida. He won re-election in 2014 and was defeated by Democrat Charlie Crist in 2016. He is a former Washington lobbyist and aide to C.W. Bill Young.
Date: April 25, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: abortion;congress
Context: an Orlando debate
Fact-check justification: Jolly said he "was the only Republican" to vote against creating a House panel to investigate Planned Parenthood. The reason he voted no, he said, is because the House already had three investigations into Planned Parenthood’s alleged sale of fetal tissue. Jolly made it clear at the time he was not in favor of spending more taxpayer dollars to investigate something already under the microscope. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says Texas retained the right to have a navy when it joined the United States.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: February 19, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: history;military;states
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: We found no  that Texas retained the right to its own navy on joining the United States. The email’s central  isn’t just , it’s . !
Statement: Says Donald Trump said he nominated Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court because she "is much, much better looking than the women we have had.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 13, 2020
Topics: supreme court;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: He talked about her education, her work experience, her family, and her relationship with the late Justice Antonin Scalia. He didn’t discuss her looks.   The next day, he fielded questions from reporters during a press briefing . The exchange that appears in the Facebook post did not happen there.   We rate this post !
Statement: Photo of person holding sign shows the shooter who killed six people at a Nashville, Tennessee, school.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 28, 2023
Topics: lgbtq;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a screenshot shared on Facebook
Fact-check justification: The person shown in the viral photo from the Oklahoma protest has not been identified.  claims about the photo circulated as news of Hale’s gender identity emerged and as anti-trans rhetoric intensified. Minutes after police said that the assailant was transgender, #TransTerrorism trended on Twitter, NBC News reported .   We rate claims that a photo of a person holding a sign shows the person who attacked a Nashville elementary school . PolitiFact Researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: Says Oregon's highest income tax bracket included anyone making more than $250,000 in 2012 before the state expanded its upper bracket to include "anyone making more than $125,000.
Speaker: bill brady
About the speaker: Bill Brady is the Illinois state senator for the 44th District and Senate Republican leader. He was narrowly defeated as the Republican challenger to Governor Pat Quinn in the 2010 election.
Date: January 18, 2020
Location: illinois
Topics: taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Citing Oregon as an example of what Illinois’ future could hold if voters approve Pritzker’s graduated tax plan, Brady said Oregon’s highest income tax bracket included anyone making more than $250,000 in 2012 before the state expanded that top bracket to include "anyone making more than $125,000." In 2010, Oregon voters approved a measure that temporarily raised the rate for income exceeding $125,000 to 10.8% and earnings over $250,000 to 11%. The same law included a scheduled rate reduction for all income over $125,000 beginning in 2012. Since then, the state has taxed income in its top bracket at 9.9%. Brady suggested that Oregon taxpayers earning between $125,000 and $250,000 saw an increase after 2012 because of the bracket change in the state’s graduated income tax measure. While the law did lower the threshold for Oregon’s top tax bracket, all taxpayers in it paid less in taxes than they had for the previous three years because the tax rate was also lowered. Given that his remarks create an  impression that taxes went up in Oregon after 2012, we rate his  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani "was never sentenced to stoning.
Speaker: mahmoud ahmadinejad
About the speaker: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is the president of Iran.
Date: September 19, 2010
Location: national
Topics: human rights;crime;this week - abc news
Context: ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: We are not weighing the issue of Ahtiani's guilt or innocence but whether she was "never sentenced to stoning." We think there's enough  -- from previously reported statements from Iranian judicial officials and from court documents provided by Ashtiani's one-time attorney -- to show that stoning was the sentence by the lower court. In this case, the sentence has been suspended, and the case is under review. Ahmadinejad may have a point that stoning sentences are rare, that the sentence is often overturned and that there is often a prolonged process of review before such sentences are carried out. But we rule his  that Ashtiani was never sentenced to stoning in the first place is .
Statement: Says "tens of thousands of children" were rushed across the southwest border "because they fear the wall.
Speaker: geraldo rivera
About the speaker: Geraldo Rivera is a Fox News correspondent.
Date: December 12, 2016
Topics: immigration;homeland security;punditfact
Context: an interview on Fox News' Hannity
Fact-check justification: Speaking about children crossing the southwest border, Rivera said tens of thousands are coming now "because they fear the wall." About 46,000 people were apprehended at the southwest border in October 2016, the latest data available. But speaking specifically about all unaccompanied children crossing the border, the number is much lower, 6,754. It’s not likely, given the ongoing high levels of violence and poverty in Central American countries, that fears of the election were the primary motivation behind these crossings. The number of Central American unaccompanied children crossing the border increased before the election, peaking in 2014. One month’s worth of data and anecdotal  is insufficient to explain that increases stem from fears of a wall, though smugglers might try to exploit that fear to push people toward the United States. Rivera’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Tenured professors are guaranteed a job.
Speaker: iowa gop state legislators
About the speaker: Iowa state representatives
Date: February 2, 2021
Location: iowa
Topics: civil rights;education
Context: comments to the press
Fact-check justification: Tenure is a contractual agreement that protects professors’ abilities to teach, research, and challenge assumptions without fear of termination based on a belief or expression. However, tenured faculty members are reviewed for performance, and undergo a rigorous, years-long process to apply for tenure. Faculty handbooks show that tenured faculty members can be dismissed for performance or financial reasons even if they have tenure and that they must undergo annual performance reviews. Further documents provided by the Board of Regents show that faculty have faced disciplinary action by their respective universities. Holt wrote in an email to  The Daily Iowan  that he was offering an opinion, based on reports he hears about the conduct some faculty have used to, in his words, silence students. He said he did not state his opinion about faculty feeling protected as fact and that his opinion cannot be proved either way. However, the statement is based on what many who want to curb what they see as faculty abuses as being fact. Moreover, the statement reads as being fact, or at least based on fact. That is why we rate the statement that faculty members are guaranteed a job as .
Statement: Here's a man who brags about how he made the city safe. It was the Biden crime bill that became the Clinton crime bill that allowed him to do that.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 30, 2007
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: Philadelphia
Fact-check justification: "Whether the size of the force produced crime declines at the margins above the secular trend that was underway starting in late '91 is a hard question, but the consensus among social scientists is that the marginal effect is small," Fagan said. Several studies also have failed to show a correlation between Giuliani's policies and the drop in crime during his mayorship. Rather, experts say, better policing techniques likely combined with other factors, including a break in the crack cocaine epidemic, changing demographics and an improving economy. So if Giuliani can't take all the credit, neither can Biden. We find his attack .
Statement: Says Crist campaign website "has eliminated all references to our Republican Party.
Speaker: tom grady
About the speaker: Tom Grady is a Republican in the Florida State House from Naples.
Date: April 20, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an e-mail to Crist
Fact-check justification: No, there's not a prominent picture of Crist hugging Ronald Reagan on the site, or a big splashy "R" next to Crist's name, but there is still considerable talk about Crist's conservative credentials. It's in his biography, detailed in press releases and on issue statements, and available for viewing on a computer near you. Plus, if you were going to remove reference to the GOP, you would likely also remove the press release promising not to run as anything other than a Republican. There's no  the website has changed. We rate Grady's statement .
Statement: John McCain says he never supported the privatization of Social Security, even though video shows he did.
Speaker: democratic national committee
About the speaker: The Democratic National Committee is the national organization of Democrats.
Date: June 13, 2008
Location: national
Topics: social security
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: On a certain level, the video speaks for itself. If by privatization you mean George Bush's plan, then McCain clearly did favor it. But Bush himself didn't like the term privatization and felt that it was . McCain clearly believes he can offer personal accounts while keeping the rest of Social Security intact and rejects the privatization label. For all of these reasons, we find the DNC's  to be .
Statement: Six-month Pfizer data show COVID vaccine causes more illness than it prevents.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 19, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: That is, only 77 cases were detected in vaccine recipients after a second dose, compared with 850 cases in placebo recipients. Of 31 patients who got severe COVID-19, 30 were placebo recipients and one was in the group that received the vaccine. No deaths among people in the study were related to vaccination. The statement is  and . We rate it !
Statement: The "error rates" for the Fulton County elections department are "well below the average.
Speaker: emma darnell
About the speaker: Emma Darnell was first elected to the Fulton County Board of Commissioners in 1992. Her district includes the western half of the city of Atlanta and portions of south Fulton County.
Date: November 7, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: a meeting
Fact-check justification: She declined to provide details to back up her . Research shows Fulton was in the middle among U.S. counties of comparable size when it came to provisional ballots rejected in 2008, the last presidential election. That year, twice as many provisional ballots were cast in Fulton than there were in some of Georgia’s largest counties. From the  available, the county’s recent history and the high number of provisional ballots cast in this month’s election, there’s not much  to back up Darnell’s  that Fulton was "well below the average." We rate her  .
Statement: The word progressive ... was created as a substitute for 'communist'.
Speaker: jon voight
About the speaker: Jon Voight is an actor.
Date: October 20, 2015
Topics: history;punditfact
Context: an interview with "Cigar Aficianado"
Fact-check justification: Voight said that the word progressive was created as a substitute for communist. The historic record shows that the progressive movement emerged around the turn of the last century in response to the conditions created by runaway capitalism. Its policies aimed to regulate private industry, not eliminate it. That agenda enjoyed broad support from people who identified with both parties and led to many of the basic features of government today. Many of the movement’s mainstream supporters backed reforms as a way to head off more radical movements based on class identity rooted in Marxist thought. There was a brief period when the progressive label attracted support from avowed Communists, but that ended about 60 years ago and played no role in the creation of the term. We rate this  .
Statement: The war spending bill "actually spends more money on the International Monetary Fund than on the war.
Speaker: lynn westmoreland
About the speaker: Rep. Lynn Westmoreland is a Republican from Georgia.
Date: June 17, 2009
Location: national
Topics: military
Context: a press release on the House GOP's blog
Fact-check justification: So as for Westmoreland's , he's  that the appropriations bill spends more money on the IMF than for the war. Lawmakers aren't literally giving the organization a bundle of cash. But he's right that there's a potential for the U.S. Treasury, over time, to give the IMF quite a chunk of change as a result of the line of credit. However, Westmoreland's  is based on the premise that countries borrowing from the IMF will never pay those loans back, which is a worst-case scenario that experts say is unlikely to occur. So we rate his  .
Statement: Says "how much money the government is collecting from people...in terms of the gross domestic product" is "the lowest in 40, 50 years.
Speaker: bill pascrell
About the speaker: Bill Pascrell is Democratic member of the House of Representatives from New Jersey.
Date: December 31, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: federal budget;taxes
Context: an interview on WOR-AM
Fact-check justification: In a radio interview, Pascrell said "how much money the government is collecting from people...in terms of the gross domestic product" is "the lowest in 40, 50 years." The congressman’s point is solid, but his timing is slightly off. As a share of the economy, federal revenues in recent years have been at their lowest level in roughly 60 years. Starting in fiscal year 2009, revenues have remained below 16 percent of GDP, the lowest point since they hit 14.4 percent in fiscal year 1950. We rate the statement . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: America has more governors who've worn blackface than black governors.
Speaker: samuel sinyangwe
About the speaker: Samuel Sinyangwe is a co-founder of Campaign Zero, an activist group focused on police violence. (Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons/Aamatos)
Date: August 30, 2019
Topics: elections;history;states;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Sinyangwe said, "America has more governors who’ve worn blackface than black governors." There are currently no black governors in the United States. But there’s at least one, Ivey, who has admitted to wearing blackface in the past, and Northam has been accused of the same. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Georgia will send more state money per child to state charter schools and that budget cuts are not applied to those charter schools.
Speaker: herb garrett
About the speaker: Herb Garrett is the executive director of the Georgia School Superintendents Association.
Date: August 3, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: a letter
Fact-check justification: However, traditional schools will get local money that state-approved charter schools do not. In 2011, the state Supreme Court ruled state lawmakers do not have the power to grant the state authority to approve and fund charter schools over the objection of local school boards. In conclusion, Garrett was correct on his larger point that state-approved charter schools will get more money per pupil under the proposed amendment than traditional public schools. Garrett admitted he was  about the secondary part of his  that state-approved charter schools are exempt from austerity cuts. We give Garrett a grade of .
Statement: We're destroying more businesses in the United States now than are being created for the first time in our history.
Speaker: carly fiorina
About the speaker: Carly Fiorina is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. She is the former chairman and chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). She was defeated in her attempt as the Republican nominee to unseat Sen. Barbara Boxer in 2010.
Date: July 12, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;small business
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Fiorina said, "In fact, we're destroying more businesses in the United States now than are being created for the first time in our history." The data she’s relying on, however, only looks back to 1978, and economists say it’s going a bit too far to say this is the first time such a trend has occurred in all of U.S. history. The fact is we simply don’t have definitive data to prove it either way. Fiorina’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Says Marco Rubio "went on Univision, and in Spanish he promised that he would not on the first day in office rescind President Obama's illegal executive action.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: February 15, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Cruz says that Rubio "went on Univision, and in Spanish he promised that he would not on the first day in office rescind President Obama's illegal executive action." That’s a reference to Rubio’s statement in an April 2015 interview about Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. Cruz is cherry-picking a portion of Rubio’s interview. Rubio said that he wouldn’t undo the program immediately because it would be disruptive, but he said that it would have to end eventually and could not be permanent policy. Initially, Rubio said that he hoped it would end after an immigration bill passed but then in November said it would end even if Congress fails to act. Cruz has created a  impression about Rubio’s statement by omitting his full comments. We rate this  .
Statement: Obama is in Texas serving meals!
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 26, 2017
Topics: environment;fake news;homeless;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: A popular tweet said President Barack Obama was serving meals in Texas as part of his response to Hurricane Harvey. But the photo accompanying the tweet was from 2015. Obama is not in Texas, a spokesman for the former president confirmed. We rate this statement !