chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The flu killed 80,000 Americans last year according to the CDC.
Speaker: tom mcclintock
About the speaker: a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California
Date: April 29, 2020
Location: california
Topics: economy;health care;public health
Context: an interview on CapRadio's Insight program
Fact-check justification: The outdated figure remains in many 2018 news headlines. In the end, the congressman cited the  year and failed to note that a significant downward revision had been made, making his   at best.   We rate McClintock’s  .  –   The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.
Statement: We have done more in eight months than the previous administration has done in many years" against ISIS.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 25, 2017
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Trump said his administration had done more against ISIS in the last eight months than the Obama administration had done in many years. Trump is correct in the sense that the Islamic State has suffered its largest territorial losses since he took office, but that confuses the timing with the cause. Between two-thirds and three-fourths of the firepower unleashed against ISIS hit before Trump became president. The terrorist group’s hold on territory had started to crumble a year before he took command. While Trump ordered some changes in the military operation, the experts we reached said those didn’t transform the strategy so much as continue the one he inherited from Obama. Trump can take credit for keeping the fight going, but he has to share the glory for the results. We rate this  .
Statement: Raphael Warnock "called police thugs, then cut their funding.
Speaker: herschel walker
About the speaker: Herschel Walker is a GOP candidate for the 2022 Senate race in Georgia. He is a former NFL player.
Date: September 28, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: criminal justice;federal budget;crime
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Walker said that Warnock "called police thugs, then cut their funding." Warnock, in a sermon, said police in Ferguson were manifesting their power in thuggish behavior. He was referring to a Justice Department report that said Ferguson police disproportionately targeted Black people with fines and penalties. Warnock in his sermon also referred to police violence in Selma in 1965. Warnock did not apply the word "thugs" to all police officers. Meanwhile, Warnock has not "cut" police funding. He sponsored a bill to help small police departments hire and keep officers. He also voted for the American Rescue Plan, which provided billions of dollars to states and local jurisdictions to invest in police departments and other efforts to secure communities. We rate the statement .
Statement: President Obama's health-care law will "add trillions of dollars in debt.
Speaker: barry hinckley
About the speaker: Barry Hinckley ran an unsuccessful race, as a Republican running, for the U.S. Senate in Rhode Island in 2012. A graduate of the University of Colorado, Boulder, he is the founder and former president of Bullhorn Software in Boston. He is also an aviator and has raced sailboats professionally.
Date: June 28, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: deficit;federal budget;health care;taxes
Context: a fundraising letter
Fact-check justification: As an aside, Obama claimed in his 2010 State of the Union speech that health-care reform "would bring down the deficit by as much as $1 trillion over the next two decades." PolitiFact rated that statement as . But for Hinckley's , congressional budget experts say he is , so we will give it the same rating that Romney received:  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Says Donald Trump was photographed wearing blackface.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 20, 2019
Topics: candidate biography;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) It is a photo of Trump, but it’s been doctored to look like he was dressed up in blackface. The original, unedited image was taken by photographer Ron Galella on Sept. 9, 1992, when Maples and Trump attended the U.S. Open Tennis Championship in New York City. Here, and in other photos from that day , the president doesn’t appear in blackface. We rate this post .
Statement: Says Greg Abbott "has lost" in court "four times in just the past few days.
Speaker: wendy davis
About the speaker: Wendy Davis, a Fort Worth attorney, was initially elected to the Texas Senate in 2008. She was the 2014 Democratic gubernatorial nominee, giving up a shot at winning re-election to the Senate.
Date: June 27, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: environment;candidate biography;criminal justice;education;legal issues
Context: her speech to the Texas Democratic Party state convention
Fact-check justification: Davis said Abbott "has lost" in court "four times in just the past few days." Abbott sustained four legal setbacks, we conclude, but the Democrat's statement needs clarification. Three rulings could prove to be bumps along the road o’ litigation possibly culminating in Abbott wins. And in the EPA case, the justices partly agreed with Texas, though they upheld federal regulation of greenhouse gases as pollutants. Notably, too, just one of the referenced rulings involved the Obama administration. We rate this  as .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says he "helped to draft parts of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street reform bill.
Speaker: tim canova
About the speaker: Tim Canova is running against U.S. Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz in 2018. Canova, who lives in Hollywood and is a Nova Southeastern University law professor, lost to Wasserman Schultz in the Democratic primary in 2016. In April 2018, he announced that he would switch from running in the Democratic primary against Wasserman Schultz to running as an independent.
Date: June 1, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: congress;financial regulation
Context: a post on Medium
Fact-check justification: Canova says he "helped to draft parts of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street reform bill." The Dodd-Frank bill was a sweeping piece of legislation with many components. Canova was involved in one piece of the bill. Canova played a behind-the-scenes role advising a House staff member and a Senate staff member about amendments to allow the government to audit the Federal Reserve. A scaled-back version was included in the final law. Canova didn’t contribute to the drafting of the overall bill, and he wasn't the main driver of the audit portion that stemmed from decades of advocacy by Paul. However, he did play a role. We rate this  .
Statement: There is absolutely no observed or clinical data that indicates any benefit whatsoever to masking K-12 students in schools.
Speaker: blaine wilhour
About the speaker: Rep. Blaine Wilhour, R-Beecher City, represents Illinois' 107th District.  He was first elected in November 2018 and defeated Democratic candidate David Seiler in November 2020. 
Date: February 9, 2022
Location: illinois
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Wilhour said there is absolutely no observed or clinical data that indicates any benefit whatsoever to masking K-12 students in schools. Clinical studies cannot be conducted on this issue because of the risk they would pose to unprotected children, but observational data shows masks are beneficial in reducing transmissions in schools. We rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.
Statement: The cost of "health care is now the single-biggest factor driving down" the federal budget deficit.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 2, 2014
Location: national
Topics: deficit;federal budget;health care
Context: a speech at Northwestern University
Fact-check justification: Obama said the cost of "health care is now the single-biggest factor driving down" the federal budget deficit. The CBO recently lowered its projection for long-term deficits and specifically cited health care costs as the main reason, though the Affordable Care Act is not necessarily the primary cause of that calculation. That said, even though projections are lower than they were years ago, health care spending is rising in the short term and will keep adding to the deficit. We rate Obama’s  .
Statement: HR 1 "automatically registers every welfare recipient to vote.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 28, 2021
Location: national
Topics: congress;elections;poverty
Context: a speech at CPAC
Fact-check justification: Trump said H.R. 1 "automatically registers every welfare recipient to vote."  H.R. 1 includes an automatic voter registration provision under which government agencies that provide public assistance would pass along to election officials information about people who are eligible to vote as well as any other relevant information including citizenship status. But Trump’s statement creates a  impression that people on welfare will have a special path to voter registration, regardless of eligibility. Under the bill, applicants could opt out, and election officials will still review applications for eligibility requirements before moving them to the voter rolls. That part of the bill isn’t exclusively for people on public assistance. It would apply to veterans and gun owners, too. We rate this statement . RELATED: Yes, the ACLU has criticized HR 1. Here’s why RELATED: Group makes bogus attack on HR 1 over congressional salaries RELATED: Fact-checking  attacks on HR 1, Democrats’ voting rights bill
Statement: This ban will only apply to Oregon commercial fishermen. Washington commercial fishermen would still be allowed to use gillnets on the Columbia River.
Speaker: salmon for all
About the speaker: Salmon for All is based in Astoria and represents commercial gillnetters.
Date: August 1, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: environment;elections;government regulation
Context: a guest column
Fact-check justification: They would be limited to their side of the river. It is not accurate to say that the Oregon ban would apply only to Oregon commercial fishermen. It is accurate to say that Washington commercial fishermen can continue to use gillnets in the Columbia -- so long as they stick to their side of the river. One part of the statement is  and the other part is not . We split the statement -- like the Columbia River -- down the middle and rate it .
Statement: US representatives promise implement of UN gun-control plans
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 5, 2018
Topics: fake news;crime;punditfact;guns
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A headline stated, "US representatives promise implement of UN gun-control plans." The story said U.S. representatives at a U.N. conference pledged to adopt new gun-control measures that would threaten Second and Tenth Amendment rights. U.S. representatives at the conference did reaffirm the nation’s agreement in 2001 to work toward limiting the illicit international trade of small arms and light weapons. But the United States’ continued participation in such an agreement should have no effect on its citizens’ constitutional rights, given the focus on illegal actions in global trade. We rate this statement .
Statement: We have 5 percent of world population. 80 percent of opioids.
Speaker: claire mccaskill
About the speaker: Claire McCaskill is a Democrat and a U.S. Senator from Missouri.
Date: March 28, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: drugs;health care;public health
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In setting out to combat America’s opioid epidemic by holding pharmaceutical companies accountable, Missouri Sen. Claire McCaskill said that with just 5 percent of the population, the United States consumes "80 percent of opioids." McCaskill’s figure, widely cited as it is, is . It presents a narrow view of opioid consumption globally, where some opioids are marketed in select countries, but not others. It also discounts using defined daily doses, which provide a far more accurate representation of consumption when comparing nations. So, while the United States is clearly the largest consumer of opioids, it, at most, accounts for roughly 30 percent of global consumption. We rate McCaskill’s  .
Statement: Says Sen. Kamala  Harris "introduced a bill today to forbid a police officers from drawing his/her gun without permission from their supervisor.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 16, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: an image shared on Facebook
Fact-check justification: The  that Harris tried to make officers ask permission to fire their weapons lost all of its satirical markings as it traveled across social media. The  is , so we rate it !
Statement: Says Ron Johnson "is supporting the Republican plan that phases out Social Security and Medicare.
Speaker: alex lasry
About the speaker: Alex Lasry is currently the senior vice president of the Milwaukee Bucks. Lasry is a Democratic candidate for U.S. Senate. Less than two weeks before the August 9, 2022 primary, Lasry on July 27, 2022 dropped out of the Democratic U.S. Senate race after having spent more than $12.3 million on the contest.
Date: March 16, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;medicare;social security
Context: Campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Lasry claimed Johnson "is supporting the Republican plan that phases out Social Security and Medicare."  But the plan is not backed by all Republicans (detractors include the Senate leader), does not directly call for the phase out of either program (it’s a generic statement on all laws being sunsetted for review) and Johnson has not endorsed any such phase-out (only the idea of Scott laying out a plan).  For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is .
Statement: Rhode Island "is one of the worst states" for income equality.
Speaker: george nee
About the speaker: George Nee has been president of the Rhode Island AFL-CIO since September 2009.
Date: February 5, 2015
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;income;labor;poverty;unions
Context: testimony before R.I. House Labor Committee
Fact-check justification: Rhode Island AFL-CIO President George Nee said Rhode Island is one of the worst states for the gap between rich and poor. His organization's comparison of CEO pay in the country's top public companies with what the average worker makes shows that Rhode Island is close to being THE worst, but that conclusion is based on the pay of only 10 CEOs. The Census Bureau's Gini index and the analysis by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities offers a better assessment of the gap. Yet in neither case does Rhode Island rank as a top 10 state. Because Nee's statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Only one out of 10 minimum wage workers today are teen age or a young person.
Speaker: katrina vanden heuvel
About the speaker: Katrina vanden Heuvel is the editor of The Nation.
Date: June 8, 2014
Topics: economy;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: During a faceoff with a Wall Street Journal editor on ABC This Week , vanden Heuvel listed several reasons in favor of raising the minimum wage. "Only one out of 10 minimum wage workers today are teen age or a young person," she said. Her words described the current demographics of minimum wage workers, but that is not what’s reflected by the research we found. According to the BLS, workers who are 16 to 24 years old comprise 50 percent of workers who earn at or below the federal minimum wage. Vanden Heuvel was wrongly describing a study of who would get a raise from increasing the minimum wage. According to the liberal Economic Policy Institute, teens would make up 12.5 percent of people who would benefit from raising the minimum wage to $10.10. We rate her  .
Statement: Corporate profit margins are at their highest point in 70 years. … They're overcharging us for gas, medicine, and groceries, and pocketing the difference.
Speaker: erica smith
About the speaker: Erica Smith is an NC state Senator who's running for US Senate.
Date: December 30, 2021
Location: north carolina
Topics: corporations
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Smith said "Corporate profit margins are at their highest point in 70 years … they're overcharging us for gas, medicine, and groceries, and pocketing the difference." Government data show that Smith is right about the profit margins of companies in the U.S., collectively speaking. Consumers in the U.S. tend to pay more for medicine than consumers in other countries. Oil companies are also making more money lately. However, economists say it’s  for Smith to suggest that your neighborhood grocery store or gas station is running what she described as "a racket." The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Sen. McCain says it was not a mistake to vote against the Bush tax cuts ... but now says the tax cuts need to be made permanent.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: December 26, 2007
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Romney's charges must be giving McCain an uneasy sense of deja vu. The veteran senator is eager to avoid a repeat of the 2000 presidential race, when conservative interest groups questioned his loyalty to their causes and barraged him with negative ads. McCain has frequently played up his fiscal conservative credentials, particularly his crusades against earmarks in spending bills and his opposition to the expensive Medicare prescription drug benefit. He has responded by calling Romney a flip-flopper on taxes and other issues, but the fact remains: McCain voted the way Romney says. We find Romney's  to be .
Statement: Every (personhood) bill I've ever support has either had language that says we're conforming to the constitutional rulings of the Supreme Court or something to that effect.
Speaker: ken cuccinelli
About the speaker: Ken Cuccinelli became acting director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services on June 10, 2019. Cuccinelli, a Republican, was Virginia's attorney general from 2010 to 2014. In 2013, he lost the general election for governor to Democrat Terry McAuliffe. In 2016, he was a adisver to the presidential campaign of Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas.
Born in 1968, Cuccinelli has a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Virginia, a J.D. from Geroge Mason University School of Law and an M.A. in International Commerce and Policy from George Mason University.
He represented Fairfax County in the state senate from 2002 to 2010.
 
 
 
 
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Date: July 20, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion;human rights;voting record
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Cuccinelli said all the bills he’s supported defining life as beginning at conception have contained language saying measures are intended to comply with Supreme Court rulings on abortion rights. Cuccinelli has backed two bills during his career; one had the qualifying clause he described and the other -- which Cuccinelli cosponsored -- did not. We rate his statement .
Statement: Last year, South Carolina spent $21,756 per prison inmate and $11,552 per student.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: August 26, 2019
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;education;crime;state budget
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "Last year, South Carolina spent $21,756 per prison inmate and $11,552 per student." Sanders is correct that South Carolina averaged more spending per inmate than student last year. But the disparity in prison versus school spending is  across the country, and in most states the gap is wider than in South Carolina. We rate this .