chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Thirty million Americans, including a lot of people in Florida, are going to be able to get healthcare next year because of that law.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: November 1, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a Fox television interview
Fact-check justification: Obama said "Thirty million Americans, including a lot of people in Florida, are going to be able to get healthcare next year because of that law." The CBO, a nonpartisan source, predicts only 1 million people will benefit in 2012, with the significant increases coming in 2014 and 2016. Plus, the law’s future is uncertain. The president is understandably enthusiastic about seeing his signature legislation take effect. But he misstated the timing of how many people will gain health insurance and when. It’s not happening next year. We rate his statement .
Statement: By declining the vax, I am 100% safe from adverse reactions and 99.8% safe from COVID.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 4, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An image shared on Instagram claimed that not getting vaccinated against the coronavirus makes a person "100% safe from adverse reactions and 99.8% safe from COVID." The  appears to conflate the total survival rate of the virus in the world with an individual’s chance of survival. The COVID-19 vaccines have proven to be safe and effective in reducing a person’s risk of infection and hospitalization from the virus. Positive cases, hospitalizations and deaths have been fueled by the unvaccinated. This trend has continued even as omicron has spread. The  does contain an element of . By not getting vaccinated against COVID-19, a person does have a 100% chance of being safe from adverse reactions associated with those vaccines. However, developing a serious adverse reaction is rare. And serious health effects related to COVID-19 infection are more common. We rate this  .
Statement: Says a photo shows that climate change protesters left trash all over their protest side.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 20, 2019
Topics: climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: pic.twitter.com/F1JtAqmnVO Around the same time as the 420 event in Hyde Park, climate change activists who were part of a movement called the Extinction Rebellion were protesting at various locations around central London. We found the miscaptioned trash photo in several replies to tweets from activists like Greta Thunberg, who gave a speech to the protesters April 21. The Swedish teenager is also credited with inspiring the Sept. 20 climate strike. The Facebook post is . We rate it .
Statement: We amass about $100 million in debt per hour, which means we've blown through 300, 400, 450 million dollars during this charade.
Speaker: chip roy
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Chip Roy was elected to represent Texas' 21st Congressional District in 2018. Previously he worked as vice president of strategy for the Texas Public Policy Foundation, a conservative think tank. He also worked as a political operative for several different Texas Republicans.
Date: February 27, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: debt
Context: a hearing for the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee
Fact-check justification: There are different ways to show the relationship between the national debt and time, but each calculation is different. Roy’s assessment of debt accrued by the hour is correct if he’s speaking generally about the average growth per hour, but not if he’s trying to literally calculate how much debt was amassed between 10 a.m. EST and 2:25 p.m. EST on Feb. 27 of this year. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information.
Statement: Donald Trump Protester Speaks Out: 'I Was Paid $3,500 To Protest Trump's Rally.'
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 11, 2016
Location: national
Topics: fake news
Context: a post on the Internet
Fact-check justification: A web posting headlined, "Donald Trump Protester Speaks Out: 'I Was Paid $3,500 To Protest Trump's Rally,' " ranks high on Google searches for the phrase "paid protesters." But the article is 100 percent fabricated, as its author acknowledges. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/6e84d1d5-4fe8-48d7-bd4f-8c41e1dc43aa
Statement: Obama is the Senate's "most liberal.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: September 3, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: If McCain had made a more general statement about Obama's ideology last year, he could have been more accurate. But McCain's statement that Obama is the "most liberal" suggests it is a cumulative rating for all of Obama's time in the Senate. But in fact, it is  for only one rating for one year. Measurements for other years and by other groups show Obama is not the No. 1 liberal — in some cases, far from No. 1. So we find McCain's statement to be .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton's energy agenda "will cost the U.S. economy over $5 trillion
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 24, 2016
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Roanoke, Va
Fact-check justification: Trump said Clinton’s energy agenda "will cost the U.S. economy over $5 trillion." The Trump campaign said Trump was referring to one study that looked at how much it would cost to reach Clinton’s climate goal; it referred to a high-end, 30-year estimate of implementation costs. The study did not actually measure the effects on the economy. Critics of the plan say it will reduce GDP by as much as $2.5 trillion. Supporters say it actually will have a net-positive effect. Trump’s statement is not accurate. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/c2dc492c-a93b-46ae-b501-e94b7cac3f06
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "has called for a radical 550 percent increase in Syrian  ... refugees . . .  despite the fact that there's no way to screen these refugees in order to find out who they are or where they come from.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 21, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security;human rights;foreign policy;terrorism
Context: a speech at the Republican convention
Fact-check justification: Trump said Hillary Clinton "has called for a radical 550 percent increase in Syrian ... refugees ...  despite the fact that there’s no way to screen these refugees in order to find out who they are or where they come from." The 550 percent figure is correct. To say that there's no way to screen them to find out who they are or where they come from ignores the extensive screening they undergo. We rate the  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/c874e0c3-26be-4ff3-9659-47161651f5e1
Statement: Tonight in Ohio, more people came out to vote for Barack Obama in an unopposed race than voted for (Mitt) Romney and (Rick) Santorum combined.
Speaker: david axelrod
About the speaker: David Axelrod is a former senior adviser to President Barack Obama. He is now an analyst for NBC News.
Date: March 6, 2012
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: an interview on NBC
Fact-check justification: Axelrod’s  turned out to be off by a wide margin by the time all votes were counted and was almost certainly  at the time he said it. We rate the  . UPDATE : Shortly after we posted the item, Axelrod tweeted to take responsibility for his error: "Guilty as charged! I misspoke during an interview last night and PolitiFact rightly called me on it.."
Statement: Most polls show foreign nations have lower regard for the U.S. now than they did before Obama's time.
Speaker: gretchen carlson
About the speaker: Gretchen Carlson is a co-anchor of the Fox News Channel morning show Fox & Friends.
Date: June 2, 2015
Topics: polls and public opinion;punditfact
Context: a "Gretchen's Take" on The Real Story
Fact-check justification: Carlson said, "Most polls show foreign nations have lower regard for the U.S. now than they did before Obama’s time." We’re not sure how she got to most. The consensus among three polls shows the United States generally in higher regard today than Bush’s last year in office. The outliers would be the views of people in a few countries, including Russia, Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon. It’s  to say "foreign nations have lower regard for the U.S." and it’s  to say "most polls" show that. We rate it .
Statement: I have a perfect voting record from organizations like the Veterans of Foreign Wars, the American Legion and all the other veterans service organizations.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: July 7, 2008
Location: national
Topics: veterans
Context: Denver
Fact-check justification: At the same time, another veterans service organization cited by the McCain critic at the town hall meeting — the Disabled American Veterans — gave McCain only a 20 percent grade in its 2007 voting scorecard. McCain voted for only one of the amendments that the group tallied as key votes, while voting against the other four. Likewise, the Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America, a relatively new group that was instrumental in pushing for the expanded GI Bill, says McCain only voted veterans' way on 58 percent of the 155 Senate votes it tallied between 2001 and 2006. Even the Vietnam Veterans of America reports that McCain has voted against 15 of 31 priority bills it tracked between 2001 and 2008. As a result, we find McCain's  to be .
Statement: Fluoride in the water, that was originally done by the Nazis!
Speaker: jesse ventura
About the speaker: Jesse Ventura is an author, a former governor of Minnesota (1999-2003) and a former professional wrestler.
Date: December 2, 2014
Topics: corrections and updates;history;public health;science;water;punditfact
Context: an interview with Salon.com
Fact-check justification: Ventura said, "Fluoride in the water, that was originally done by the Nazis!" Two book authors who researched the topic, one a journalist, the other a hydrologist, found no credible  of such a connection. A leading anti-fluoridation activist repudiates the story. The most commonly cited Web source for the story was a 16-year-old extract in a fringe Australian publication. And a Holocaust historian we contacted knew of no such project. This  remains ! Editor's note: This report initially referred to Ventura as a Navy SEAL, something he includes on his  ora.tv biograph y . Readers later pointed out that there’s been a long-running debate on whether Ventura is justified in calling himself a SEAL. For more on his military background, see  this story .
Statement: Says U.S. Senate candidate Tommy Thompson "admitted" that Washington, D.C., "changed" him into an insider selling his influence to make millions from powerful special interests.
Speaker: democratic senatorial campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee works to elect Democrats to the U.S. Senate.
Date: September 12, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: bush administration;candidate biography;federal budget;message machine 2012
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: His link to these firms is clear, and his own disclosure reports show he has made millions in the private sector as a corporate consultant and advisor, executive, investor and speaker. But we’re examining the  that Thompson candidly "admitted" being "changed" by Washington into a corporate influence peddler. Our rating In claiming that Thompson "admitted" he had been changed by Washington and had sold out to make millions, the ad jumbles a snippet from a quote about the failings of himself and other GOP officials while running Washington with his actions after leaving government service. The effect is to make it appear Thompson is condemning his own conduct and private-sector work. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton tripled the number of people with AIDS whose "lives are being saved .. and it did not cost you any more money.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: July 26, 2016
Topics: global news service;foreign policy;public health
Context: a post on Medium
Fact-check justification: Bill Clinton said when Hillary Clinton was secretary of state, she tripled the number of people with AIDS whose "lives are being saved," and it didn’t cost taxpayers any more money. Clinton took some liberties with the numbers. Treatment rose rapidly by about 250 percent. That’s not quite triple. But Clinton was right that those gains came without additional spending in inflation-adjusted dollars. And while Hillary Clinton can’t take full credit, outsiders said she did set the overall direction for how the program should move forward and intervened in specific ways to help it do more at a lower cost. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/aaf90740-0469-4739-9301-56482efa914b
Statement: Bill Gates planned a smallpox-type outbreak.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 22, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that Gates planned a smallpox-type outbreak. That’s unfounded. Gates has spoken about preparing for future pandemics, not orchestrating them. Gates has long been the target of baseless conspiracy theories by people suspicious of his work to fund and promote vaccine development.  We rate this statement .
Statement: California is 41st in the nation in per pupil K-12 spending, but "No. 1 in per prisoner" spending.
Speaker: delaine eastin
About the speaker: Delaine Eastin is a Democratic candidate for California governor. She served in the State Assembly from 1986 to 1994 and then as State Superintendent of Public Instruction from 1995 to 2003.
Date: January 13, 2018
Location: california
Topics: corrections and updates;criminal justice;education;state budget;states
Context: a town hall
Fact-check justification: Candidate for governor Delaine Eastin recently claimed California ranks 41st in per pupil K-12 spending but is "No. 1 in per prisoner" spending. She relied on a January 2017 policy center report that backs up the per pupil spending ranking, after adjusting for cost of living. Another ranking that makes a straight spending comparison puts California at 22nd for per pupil spending. Eastin did not make this clear in her statement nor did she note that California’s per student spending has increased in recent years. Eastin’s  that California is No. 1 for per prisoner costs is backed up by a 2017 Associated Press report, which listed New York a distant second. While we could not immediately find current figures for New York, we discovered that California’s per prisoner costs are expected to again rise -- to more than $80,000 -- in the next fiscal year, several thousand dollars higher than in recent years. Overall, Eastin’s comparison is supported by recent studies. But her statement could use clarifying information. We rate it .   – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. UPDATE: After publication, we added additional context noting the U.S. Supreme Court order prevents California from automatically closing prisons even as its inmate population is reduced.
Statement: Maybe they're just calling the common cold … the omicron variant.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 20, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said, "Maybe they’re just calling the common cold … the omicron variant." Scientists are still studying the severity of the disease caused by the omicron variant of the coronavirus.  But the variant is not the same as the common cold, and public health officials are not trying to pass one off as the other, either. We rate this post .
Statement: On taxes, President Barack Obama wants to raise "the top rate to 44.8 percent.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: May 16, 2011
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Chicago
Fact-check justification: So where does this leave us? On Ryan’s number, it’s possible to argue that the actual rate is as low as 42.8 percent rather than 44.8 percent, but that’s open to debate. On his description of what the number means, Ryan -- particularly given that he was working from a prepared speech -- could have been clearer by saying something like, "The various parts of Obama’s tax agenda would together push the highest marginal tax rate up to 44.8 percent." Still, the figure Ryan used is close to what the tax rate would be if Obama’s agenda is followed, and a cross-section of economists we asked thought that Ryan’s presentation of that number was reasonable. On balance, we rate it .
Statement: When the Affordable Care Act was signed, 17 million American children" had a pre-existing condition and were "uninsurable.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: January 31, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;families;health care
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Baldwin went further than Obama, not implying but declaring that 17 million children could not be insured. Our rating Baldwin said: "When the Affordable Care Act was signed, 17 million American children" had a pre-existing condition and were "uninsurable." It’s possible that as many as 17 million children have a pre-existing health condition, but the figure could be as low as 4 million. And only a fraction of children with a pre-existing condition didn’t have insurance because of that condition. We rate Baldwin’s statement .
Statement: Says President Obama used government funds to pay for his personal vacations for the next 20 years and Trump sent him a bill.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 29, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: According to CBS News White House reporter Mark Knoller, who keeps records of presidential travel, President Obama took 29 vacation trips over his eight years in the White House. The trips spanned all or part of 235 days (not 692). He also made 39 visits to Camp David, totaling around 93 days. Even though the original story was published with a disclaimer, versions of the account were copied and pasted in social media posts with no such explanation and circulated as real news.   We rate this !
Statement: Says Rick Scott "pled the Fifth 75 times to avoid jail for Medicare fraud.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: September 19, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: corrections and updates;legal issues
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: Crist said Scott "pled the Fifth 75 times to avoid jail for Medicare fraud." If you haven’t heard by now, Scott did invoke his Fifth Amendment rights 75 times in a deposition to avoid discussing a Medicare fraud case. But Crist’s ad is pushing the envelope to say he did it to avoid jail. No one went to prison for the Medicare fraud debacle, nor did Scott actually face the rigors of a grand jury or even federal investigators. The commercial seems to imply Scott was in the thick of the raids, when he was actually sent packing as soon as it became apparent the company faced a major punishment for defrauding the U.S. government. It’s impossible to say if Scott would have gone to jail if he had answered those deposition questions, but experts say he was certainly avoiding possible legal trouble by asserting the Fifth Amendment. We rate the statement . Correction, Oct. 3, 2014, 2:30 p.m.: This version clarifies the context in which Scott asserted his Fifth Amendment right. The change does not affect the ruling.