chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Quotes Mark Cuban as saying, "I worry that millions of millennials are voting Democrat this year because they fact-check everything.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 10, 2016
Topics: elections;punditfact
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post quotes Mark Cuban as saying, "I worry that millions of millennials are voting Democrat this year because they fact-check everything."   There’s no  Cuban ever said that. As far as we can tell, it’s a made-up quotation. ! Editor's note:  Shortly after publishing this article, Cuban confirmed that he never said this quote. We've updated the story to include his response.
Statement: Obama came into office "with a $1.3 trillion deficit before I had passed any law. ... We came in with $8 trillion worth of debt over the next decade.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 29, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget
Context: Baltimore
Fact-check justification: Economists we spoke with -- Josh Gordon, policy director for the Concord Coalition, and Brian Riedl, lead budget analyst of the conservative Heritage Foundation -- both said they believe the White House approach is more realistic because it assumes current policy will continue. So the CBO's estimate is $5 trillion lower than the White House numbers, though economists don't quibble with the White House methodology. It does highlight, however, that when it comes to budget projections, people can have differences of opinion about what to include. In any budget projection there is room for interpretation, but it seems reasonable to assume for a baseline that the Bush tax cuts will continue. Obama's numbers are fairly solid, so we rate his statement .
Statement: The top 25 hedge fund managers (are) making more than all of America's kindergarten teachers combined.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 13, 2015
Location: national
Topics: education;income;wealth
Context: a campaign rally speech
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "The top-25 hedge fund managers (are) making more than all of America's kindergarten teachers combined." Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that America’s 158,000 kindergarten teachers together make $8.5 billion a year. There are a few possible problems with the data for hedge fund managers’ earnings, but there’s no denying it’s significantly higher than a kindergarten teacher’s compensation. A rough estimate for the top-25 hedge fund managers shows they collectively earned $11.62 billion in 2014, and that was a bad year. In 2013, they earned approximately $21.15 billion. So using the smaller number, kindergarten teachers come up shy of hedge fund managers by about $3 billion, a huge margin. We rate Clinton’s  .
Statement: 8.5 million Americans have gotten rebate checks because their insurance companies were spending too much money on executive bonuses and administrative costs and not enough on health care.
Speaker: david axelrod
About the speaker: David Axelrod is a former senior adviser to President Barack Obama. He is now an analyst for NBC News.
Date: November 21, 2013
Topics: health care;punditfact
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: Axelrod said, "8.5 million Americans have gotten rebate checks because their insurance companies were spending too much money on executive bonuses and administrative costs and not enough on health care." He is correct on the number of rebates. However, like Obama before him, Axelrod’s  isn’t clear on the fact that these checks are  going to employers who run plans for their workers, not individual Americans. Employers can then choose to pay their employees in a lump sum, reduce future premiums or act by "applying the rebate in a manner that benefits its employees," such as shoring up the health fund or offering better benefits. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says "If Oregon's Legislature simply authorizes $450 million for the CRC, it will … leave Oregon holding the bag for a great deal more cost responsibility.
Speaker: bob stacey
About the speaker: Bob Stacey was executive director of 1000 Friends of Oregon until 2009. He also has worked as chief of staff for Rep. Earl Blumenauer and for the Ball Janik law firm. He also has worked for TriMet and for then-Gov. Barbara Roberts as a senior policy adviser. He was elected to the Metro Council in May 2012. 
Date: November 26, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: environment;debt;economy;infrastructure;state budget;transportation
Context: a memo
Fact-check justification: Bottom line? The intergovernmental agreement covers the responsibility. Both states are left holding the bag. Stacey’s statement is . We rule it .
Statement: Says swabbing a tick with a soap-soaked cotton ball is a "safe, easy way" to remove them from skin.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 3, 2019
Topics: fake news;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Old viral social media posts  that smothering a tick in liquid soap and swabbing it is a "safe" and "easy" way to remove ticks from the skin. However, neither this procedure or others such as using nail polish or lighting the tick on fire, are recommended by health experts. Instead, it is widely suggest to remove the tick quickly with fine-tipped tweezers. We rate this  .
Statement: 34% of Wisconsin renters are at risk of eviction.
Speaker: democratic party of wisconsin
About the speaker: The Democratic Party of Wisconsin focuses on advancing state Democratic candidates and related issues.
Date: August 2, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;housing;jobs
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The Democratic Party of Wisconsin said "34 percent of Wisconsin renters are at risk of eviction."  A national analysis using U.S. Census Bureau data found that the 34% figure was on target, based on the most recent data available at the time.  Going beyond the survey and looking at actual filings, Wisconsin’s eviction cases showed a massive increase from May to June, but a decrease in July. That adds an asterisk to this . For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, our rating is .
Statement: Since I took office, "Wisconsin ranks 11th in the nation in total business establishment growth compared to 47th in the years Mary Burke was Commerce secretary.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: September 14, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;small business
Context: a campaign news release
Fact-check justification: It’s important to keep in mind the statistics make no distinction between the size of the firms being created and shutting down, according to economist Brian Jacobsen, chief portfolio strategist for Wells Fargo Funds Management in Menomonee Falls. "If you have a lot of firms with one to four employees being created, you can get a good ranking for the number of businesses being created, but a bad ranking for total employment growth," he said. Our rating Walker’s second-term blueprint said that since he took office, "Wisconsin ranks 11th in the nation in total business establishment growth compared to 47th in the years Mary Burke was Commerce secretary." The numbers, though not covering Walker’s complete time as governor, are the latest available and support Walker’s statement. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says the U.S. borrows "42 cents of every dollar Washington spends today and about half of that comes from countries like China.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: July 6, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: But we believe Ryan owed his listeners more detail if he expected them to accept his second . It has long been widely reported that both the nation’s debt and its debt limit are $14.3 trillion. And that’s what the radio discussion was about. So when Ryan said that half of the nation’s borrowing comes from foreign countries -- singling out China for emphasis -- his listeners would assume he meant half of the $14.3 trillion in total debt, not the much smaller debt measure he now says he was referring to, even if that second measure has strong merit in the debt limit discussion. We rate Ryan’s statement .
Statement: Companies are moving back, creating job growth the likes of which our country has not seen in a very long time.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 19, 2017
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a speech to the United Nations General Assembly
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Companies are moving back, creating job growth the likes of which our country has not seen in a very long time." Overall, job growth is strong, particularly this long after the recession, but the gains are not much different (and maybe a little worse) than they were during the last six years of Obama’s tenure. However, there is  that the number of jobs specifically caused by "companies moving back" has increased under Trump, and one reason for this may be Trump’s promises, both of the carrot and stick variety. On balance, we rate the statement .
Statement: Says "Having organizations parading as being social welfare organizations and then being involved in the political combat harkens back to why the statute a hundred years ago said that they were prohibited.
Speaker: earl blumenauer
About the speaker: Earl Blumenauer is the Democratic representative for Oregon's 3rd Congressional District. He was elected to the US House of Representatives in 1996. He started in politics in the Oregon Legislature in 1972, where he served three terms. In 1978, he was elected to the Multnomah County Board of Commissioners, where he served for eight years before being elected to the Portland City Council in 1986. He was a city commissioner for 10 years.
Date: June 4, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: campaign finance;congress;taxes
Context: a U.S. Ways and Means hearing
Fact-check justification: However, we have two professors who say the law is silent on political activity -- even if one of them sees an implicit prohibition -- and a plain reading of the law that states no explicit ban. Blumenauer said that "the statute a hundred years ago said that they were prohibited."   There was no prohibition in the 1913 Act. The 1913 Act was silent on political activity, for whatever reasons. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says businesses will give you free baby formula during the coronavirus outbreak.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 15, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "This is not  and I’m really sorry to hear that people are spreading  rumours at such a worrying time," an Aptamil spokesperson told Yahoo News UK. "The World Health Organization guidelines on the promotion of breastmilk substitutes strictly prohibit us from giving out free milk under any circumstances." This is a hoax. Formula companies say they aren’t shipping free formula to anyone. !
Statement: So the number on DACA is 800,000, but every one person can bring in their entire extended family once they reach a certain status. So it's 3 or 4 million, right?
Speaker: dave brat
About the speaker: Dave Brat represents Virginia's 7th Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives. He was first elected to the seat in 2014 after pulling of a stunning upset of Majority Leader Eric Cantor in a Republican Primary. He is active in the Freedom Caucus, a conservative wing of Republican congressmen.
Prior to Congress, Brat was chairman of the business and economics department at Randolph-Macon College. 
Brat, a midwestern native, has obtained a Masters in Divinity from Princeton Theological Seminary and a Ph.D. in economics from American University. He began teaching at Randolph-Macon in 1996.
Brat served two Governors on the Joint Advisory Board of Economists. He was president of the Virginia Association of Economists.
Date: September 7, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Brat said, "So the number on DACA is 800,000, but every one person can bring in their entire extended family once they reach a certain status. So it's 3 or 4 million, right?" Brat’s office said the status he meant was lawful permanent residence. However, even if DACA recipients were to become lawful permanent residents, as green card holders they cannot petition for extended family members to enter the United States, only spouses and unmarried children. DACA recipients were on average 6.5 years old when they arrived, making it less likely that they all have children and spouses back in their home country. Brat’s statement is not accurate, we rate it .
Statement: If Rick Scott had his way he would encourage racially profiling immigrant communities here in Florida. He also opposed allowing Dreamers to remain in the U.S.
Speaker: priorities usa action
About the speaker: Priorities USA Action is a PAC that is supportive of President Barack Obama.
Date: October 29, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: a Facebook ad
Fact-check justification: A Facebook ad by Democratic groups said, "If Rick Scott had his way he would encourage racially profiling immigrant communities here in Florida. He also opposed allowing Dreamers to remain in the U.S." This ad leaves viewers with the  impression that these are current Scott policies. Neither is . Scott did promise in 2010 to bring Arizona’s immigration law to Florida. Immigration advocates feared the law would lead to racial profiling. Once Scott was elected, he never pursued the idea. Scott was a bit more active in his earlier opposition to allowing Dreamers to stay in the country, but that has also changed. He publicly objected to Obama’s deferred action program for people who came into the country illegally as children, saying Obama bypassed Congress. Scott also vetoed a bill to give Dreamers driver’s licenses. But in 2014, Scott signed a bill to give Dreamers in-state tuition and in the past year he has spoken in favor of helping Dreamers. In total, the ad creates a  impression that Scott is anti-immigrant by only drawing on part of his record. We rate this  .
Statement: We have the best schools in the United States.
Speaker: charlotte nash
About the speaker: Charlotte Nash, a Republican, is a candidate for chair of Gwinnett County Board of Commissioners
Date: May 18, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Her  also omits some critical facts, such as Gwinnett’s average score in some key academic categories. The county was behind some other Atlanta-area districts. Also, Gwinnett had fewer schools than some other U.S. districts on the Washington Post’s list. As Domenech told us, it’s tough to say there is one school district that is the nation’s best. Under our guidelines, Nash’s  rates as .
Statement: NASCAR endorsed Trump
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 7, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: candidate biography;sports
Context: Concord, N.C
Fact-check justification: Donald Trump claimed multiple times in his speech Monday that he was endorsed by NASCAR. He was endorsed by its CEO, Brian France, who went out of his way to say it was merely a personal decision – a statement echoed by a company spokesman. Still, NASCAR is synonymous with the France family. And for several of its drivers, including well-known racer Mark Martin, to lend support also increases the public appearance of an endorsement. We rate this statement .
Statement: When he served as governor, Schwarzenegger preserved more land than any other gubernatorial administration in California's history.
Speaker: bonnie reiss
About the speaker: Bonnie Reiss is Global Director at the USC Schwarzenegger Institute. She served as a senior advisor to former California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger. 
Date: June 8, 2016
Location: california
Topics: environment
Context: a newspaper column
Fact-check justification: Bonnie Reiss of the USC Schwarzenegger Institute said: "When he served as governor, Schwarzenegger preserved more land than any other gubernatorial administration in California’s history." State officials and environmentalists agree Schwarzenegger helped protect vast tracks of California’s hills, forests and coastline. No other governor, they said, compares in this category. They also said Schwarzenegger benefitted from conservation efforts initiated before he took office, including plans for the Sierra Nevada Conservancy and state bond measures that helped fund much of the land protected under his watch. Also, Reiss’ emphasis on Schwarzenegger’s establishment of the "25 million acre" Sierra Nevada Conservancy needs the clarification that only a small fraction of that acreage has been preserved over the last decade. We rate the  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says there is a "new law now charging all protesters with terrorism.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 17, 2016
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: One example to which he referred was of Washington protesters who blocked train tracks to two oil refineries in May 2016. The bill is currently sitting in the state Senate’s Law and Justice Committee . There’s no national law that brands protesters as terrorists. The headline makes a  leap to misrepresent the actions of a Washington state senator. We rate it !
Statement: In President Barack Obama's 2015 State of the Union address, "the words 'al-Qaida' were never used, the first time those words have not been used in a State of the Union address since February 2001.
Speaker: bret baier
About the speaker: Bret Baier is host of Fox News' Special Report with Bret Baier and is the network's chief political anchor. Before that, he was the news channel's chief White House correspondent and Pentagon correspondent.
Date: January 20, 2015
Topics: afghanistan;bush administration;iraq;terrorism;punditfact
Context: an analysis of Obama's speech
Fact-check justification: Baier said, "The words ‘al-Qaida’ were never used, the first time those words have not been used in a State of the Union address since February 2001." This is accurate, so we rate it .
Statement: Congresswoman Frederica Wilson successfully postpones closure of the North Perry airport tower.
Speaker: frederica wilson
About the speaker: Frederica Wilson, a former Florida state senator from Miami Gardens, was elected to the U.S. House on Nov. 2, 2010. She represents Congressional District 24 in South Florida.
Date: April 5, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget;transportation
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: In a press release Wilson took credit for the FAA’s decision to postpone closing an airport tower in her district. "Congresswoman Frederica Wilson successfully postpones closure of the North Perry airport tower," stated the headline. The press release also stated "Following the Congresswoman’s month-long campaign to save the tower, which included fact finding, speeches, official requests, and legislation, Congresswoman Wilson was notified, this morning, by FAA officials that the tower had been granted a temporary reprieve from closure...." The press release can leave readers with the  impression of cause and effect: Wilson protested for a month, and the FAA caved and postponed this particular airport tower closure. But there was no separate FAA decision for the North Perry tower. In explaining its nationwide decision, the FAA wrote that the delay would buy it time "to attempt to resolve multiple legal challenges to the closure decisions." While congressional pressure nationwide could have played a role in the FAA’s decision, clearly the lawsuits seeking immediate action from the courts was the driving factor. Even if Wilson had ignored the tower battle, the FAA likely would have taken action at North Perry and the other sites. We’re not evaluating Wilson’s  that an FAA official whose job includes fostering relationships with Congress gave her the impression that she deserved credit -- we are evaluating her  that her actions led to the FAA’s decision. We rate this  .