chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Amendment 2 on medical marijuana won a higher percentage of the vote than the last six Florida governors, including Jeb Bush's 2002 landslide.
Speaker: united for care
About the speaker: The United For Care Campaign is run by People United for Medical Marijuana. Attorney John Morgan is chairman and Ben Pollara is the director. The group is advocating for the 2016 state constitutional amendment for medical marijuana, Amendment 2, and advocated for a similar amendment in 2014.
Date: November 6, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: florida amendments
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Pollara said Amendment 2 won a higher percentage of the vote than the last six Florida governors, including Bush’s 2002 landslide. He’s right about the 2002 contest, and when you look back at the last six elections (eight, really) as Pollara intended, that’s , too. But there’s a glaring outlier when you look at the last six people elected governor -- Graham’s 1982 win, when he garnered 64.7 percent of the vote. We rate this statement .
Statement: Of all the jobs President Obama claims to have created since he started, only 38.5 percent are women. So 61.5 percent have gone to men.
Speaker: eric bolling
About the speaker: Eric Bolling is a conservative political commentator. He is a former Fox News host.
Date: April 8, 2014
Topics: economy;jobs;women;punditfact
Context: a discussion on Fox News' "The Five"
Fact-check justification: Bolling said that, "of all the jobs president Obama claims to have created since he started, only 38.5 percent are women. So 61.5 percent have gone to men." Bolling is right on the numbers, but as a shot against Obama, the  rings somewhat hollow. The male tilt to job gains during Obama’s presidency follows a strong pattern of male job losses in the months of the recession before Obama took office. So the gender balance of job creation has more to do with cyclical economic factors than anything the administration did or didn’t do. The  is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. So we rate it .
Statement: Right now, women are able to access an abortion in the later stages of their pregnancy under certain conditions with approval of their medical doctors. I've done nothing to change that.
Speaker: kathy tran
About the speaker: Kathy Tran, a Democrat, was elected to Virginia's House of Delegates in 2018. She represents the 42nd District in Fairfax County.
She was born in Vietnam, and her parents fled with her on a boat when she was seven months old. Tran is a graduate of Duke University and has a master's degree in social work from the University of Michigan. She's worked in policy roles for the U.S. Department of Labor and the National Immigration Forum.
Date: January 29, 2019
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion
Fact-check justification: Tran, in a videoed tweet viewed over 1 million times, said she’s "done nothing to change" Virginia’s law on late-term abortions. That’s . She introduced an unsuccessful bill that would have eased Virginia's abortion restrictions for all pregnancy stages. In the final trimester, state law requires three physicians to certify that a continued pregnancy would either kill a woman or "substantially and irremediably" damage her mental or physical health. Tran’s bill would have lowered the requirements to one physician certifying that the pregnancy would damage the woman’s mental or physical health - the "substantial and irremediable" test would have been repealed. Third-trimester abortions are extremely rare; Virginia records show two have been performed since 2000. But that doesn’t clear Tran. The words in her bill make it clear; she did seek to change late-term laws. We rate her statement .
Statement: Says a question about his financial skills at the CNBC debate included "discredited attacks from Democrats and my political opponents.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: October 28, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Boulder, Colo
Fact-check justification: Rubio said the premise of questions about his financial skills are "discredited attacks from Democrats and my political opponents." He was responding to examples Quick gave when asking if he was prepared to oversee the nation’s economy as president. She listed troubles Rubio had experienced with campaign bookkeeping, foreclosure proceedings and liquidating an IRA at severe tax penalties. All of these events happened and have been well-documented. It’s not accurate for Rubio to refer to the issues as "discredited," whether his opponents have used them to attack him or not. Quick was not making things up nor shading the facts. We rate Rubio’s statement .
Statement: Cal Cunningham "voted for over $1 billion in new taxes.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: July 17, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: taxes
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: The NRSC ad says "Cunningham voted for over $1 billion in new taxes." Cunningham did support a state budget that raised taxes and fees to generate $1 billion in new revenues. Cunningham has defended the move, saying it was necessary at the time to preserve North Carolina’s financial standing. The statement is accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Says opponent Bill Flores helped run a company that laid off over 3,000 workers and paid off executives with millions.
Speaker: chet edwards
About the speaker: Chet Edwards is a former state senator from Waco who was initially elected to the U.S. House in 1990. He was among individuals described in press accounts as under consideration by then-U.S. Sen. Barack Obama to be the 2008 Democratic nominee for vice president. He lost the 2010 general election to Republican Bill Flores.
Date: September 6, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;economy;message machine 2010
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: But do these facts prove Edwards' lynchpin statement that Flores "helped run" Baker Hughes? Not so, documents and our interviews indicate. Instead, we're told that after his old company merged with Baker Hughes, Flores' duties were limited to a single small project before his departure less than six months later. We don't see significance in the Flores' resume snippet touted by Edwards. We rate Edwards' statement as .
Statement: In Liberia, "a girl is more likely to be married by 18 than to know how to read.
Speaker: tina rosenberg
About the speaker: Tina Rosenberg is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist journalist who frequently writes for the New York Times.
Date: June 14, 2016
Topics: global news service;children;education;women
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: Young Liberian women are more likely to know how to read than be married. We rate this  . This fact-check originally was published by Africa Check. Read their version of this story here . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/6e872c6b-47c4-407b-a8f2-df36965f83bb
Statement: The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office "received zero complaints" about the Washington Redskins name.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 1, 2014
Topics: sports;punditfact
Context: blog posts
Fact-check justification: Conservative blog posts smell a scandal in the cancellation of the Washington Redskins trademark, pointing out that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office "received zero complaints" about it before an administrative law court ruled in June. The case was opened because someone complained -- so that assertion is  on its face. But even that aside, the post is  in suggesting that public comments are part of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office process when they are not. When people have a problem with patents and trademarks and want them removed, they file formal complaints, prove their standing in the case, pay a fee, and provide  to support their case. In other words, they do exactly what the five plaintiffs in this case did here. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Dan Bishop "took the only vote from either party — the only vote — against pharmacists being able to tell people about lower-cost drugs.
Speaker: dan mccready
About the speaker: Dan McCready is a Democrat who's running for Congress in North Carolina's 9th District
Date: August 28, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: health care
Context: a debate on WBTV
Fact-check justification: McCready said Bishop was the only member of the House or Senate to vote against a bill allowing pharmacists to tell people about lower-cost drugs. The roll call confirms that is correct.  However, McCready ignores the fact that Bishop supported an identical version of the bill. That vote and his statements indicate he supports the policy. We rate the   because it leaves out important details and takes things out of context.
Statement: And over the last six years, Chicago's economy has grown faster than the economies of New York City, Washington, D.C., or the national average.
Speaker: rahm emanuel
About the speaker: Rahm Emanuel is the mayor of Chicago. He represented the Chicagoland area as a U.S. congressman prior to joining the White House as the first chief of staff in President Barack Obama’s administration. Emanuel also held various posts in the Clinton Administration from 1993 to 1998, and worked as an investment banker in the private sector.
Date: October 18, 2017
Location: illinois
Topics: city budget;economy;jobs
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Emanuel said that "over the last six years, Chicago’s economy has grown faster than the economies of New York City, Washington, D.C., or the national average." We don’t know exactly what criteria Emanuel bases this statement on because his office did not respond to repeated requests for specifics. But the most obvious benchmarks for judging economic growth don’t back him up. Chicago did better than Washington, D.C., on certain metrics, but we found no  of it out-performing the New York or national economies over an extended period. We find this statement .
Statement: Between 2008 and 2014, "criminal aliens accounted for 38 percent of all murder convictions in the five states of California, Texas, Arizona, Florida and New York.
Speaker: tom tancredo
About the speaker: Tom Tancredo is a former congressman from Colorado who ran unsuccessfully for the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. In 2010, Tancredo ran for governor of Colorado as a member of the Constitution Party and placed second to Democrat and then-Denver Mayor John Hickenlooper.
Date: August 8, 2015
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: a Breitbart article
Fact-check justification: Tancredo said that between 2008 and 2014, over one-third of the murder convictions in Arizona, California, Florida, New York and Texas were committed by illegal immigrants. The man who presented the data Tancredo cites said Tancredo "quoted the whole thing incorrectly." Tancredo used the  time period. He thought the baseline number was homicide convictions when it was actually all homicides. Most important of all, he took the presentation he relied on at face value and ignored the hard numbers available from the Texas Department of Public Safety. And while Tancredo might not have known it, the researcher whose work he used himself has questions about the underlying data he used. We have hard data from Texas that refutes the big and estimated numbers Tancredo used. Undocumented immigrants do commit murder, but perhaps only one-fifth as often as Tancredo said. We rate the  . Update:  We added the Texas homicide arrest data after we first published.
Statement: We had a massive landslide victory, as you know, in the Electoral College.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: December 11, 2016
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "We had a massive landslide victory, as you know, in the Electoral College." Trump won, but to call it a "massive landslide" in the Electoral College is not accurate by any reasonable definition. While Trump surpassed the required 270 electoral votes with room to spare, his margin ranks no better than the bottom quarter of Electoral College showings in American history, and no better than the bottom one-third of the showings since the end of World War II. Trump’s  is , so we rate it .
Statement: Texas ranks 3rd highest among states for the number of people who have recovered from" the coronavirus.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: May 3, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Abbott said Texas ranks third among states for the number of people who have recovered from the coronavirus. The available figures on cumulative COVID-19 recoveries by state show that Texas ranks third — but that data has limitations. For one, just 37 states and Washington D.C. have been recording data on recoveries. Also, different standards are in place for determining whether a patient has recovered. In Texas, the statewide figure for recoveries is an estimate based on hospitalization data. Plus, a better metric for comparison is the recovery rate of the virus, given Texas’ population size. Using this measure, Texas ranks 16th among those states with data. Abbott’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate this  .
Statement: We know from past experiences that the most effective tool for keeping kids safe is armed law enforcement on the campus.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: May 24, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;education;public safety;guns
Context: remarks to the media
Fact-check justification: Cruz said, "We know from past experiences that the most effective tool for keeping kids safe is armed law enforcement on the campus." A 2021 JAMA Network study said data found "no association between having an armed officer and deterrence of violence" in mass shootings from 1980 to 2019. A 2021 study by the University at Albany and RAND said school resource officers "do not prevent school shootings or gun-related incidents." We rate this  . ​UPDATE:  This story was updated on May 26 at 3:30 p.m. ET to include new details from Texas law enforcement officials about how and when the Uvalde shooter was confronted. These details do not change the rating. RELATED: Here’s how to avoid misinformation as you read about Uvalde and other mass shootings RELATED: Joe Biden said mass shootings tripled when the assault weapon ban ended. They did RELATED: Polls consistently show high support for gun background checks
Statement: Barack and Michelle Obama are not the real parents of their children.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 14, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: When Michelle Obama gave birth to her daughters, Blanchard delivered both of them.   A Facebook post said Barack and Michelle Obama are not the real parents of their children. Both of the Obamas have shared photos of their children as babies, and Michelle Obama detailed her fertility experience in her memoir. There is no  to support this  and frequently debunked . We rate it !
Statement: Video shows that certain drinks can "test positive" for COVID-19 when using at-home COVID-19 tests.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 2, 2023
Topics: corrections and updates;science;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a video shared on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A Facebook user claimed that her video showed that Minute Maid Peach Punch tested positive for COVID-19 on a rapid test.  Researchers found that certain substances can cause rapid antigen tests to display  positive results, particularly when used without the test’s provided buffer solutions. And the positive results don’t mean that the test detected the virus. An expert said that the tests are meant to analyze human samples, not drinks, so those positive results do not mean the tests are . There is always a risk of  results when medical test instructions are not followed properly, he said.  We rate this  . UPDATE, March 13, 2023 : This version has been updated with a statement from iHealth. The rating is unchanged. RELATED: Austrian politician goofed in testing Coca-Cola sample for COVID-19
Statement: Fifty years ago, the average GM employee could pay for a year of a son or daughter's college tuition on just two weeks wages.
Speaker: martin o'malley
About the speaker: Martin O'Malley is the former governor of Maryland who is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He has also served as the mayor of Baltimore.
Date: January 14, 2016
Location: national
Topics: corporations;corrections and updates;education;income;workers
Context: a column posted on Medium.com
Fact-check justification: O’Malley said, "Fifty years ago, the average GM employee could pay for a year of a son or daughter’s college tuition on just two weeks wages." That’s not quite right -- it would have taken about four weeks of work at GM, not two, to pay for a year at the average four-year college in 1965, and more than that if you take account of taxes. Still, O’Malley has a point that the situation in 1965 was quite a deal compared to today, when a typical auto worker would have to work for 10 weeks in order to pay for a year of tuition at the average four-year college. We rate the statement . CORRECTION, Feb. 2, 2016 : The calculations in our original version slightly overstated the typical weekly and biweekly wages for UAW workers. A $3.10-an-hour wage (accounting for the increase in the 1964 UAW contract) would work out to $142.60 per week, or $285.20 for the two-week period Martin O’Malley cited. The difference does not affect the final rating.
Statement: Emergency stimulus loans "are finally available to U.S. citizens up to $5,000 even with poor credit.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 18, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: PolitiFact investigated  similar claims circulating social media in December. Our conclusion hasn’t changed: There are no such government stimulus loans. PolitiFact has also fact-checked Facebook posts in Spanish alleging that $50,000 stimulus loans "are finally here." That’s not , either .   We rate these posts .
Statement: Video shows Democratic presidential candidates speechless for 20 seconds when discussing whether any of them started a business.
Speaker: michael bloomberg
About the speaker: Michael Bloomberg was mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013. The billionaire co-founded Bloomberg LP, a financial information and media company, in 1981. On Nov. 24, 2019, he announced his candidacy for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on March 4, 2020.
Date: February 20, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: debates
Context: a tweeted video
Fact-check justification: Bloomberg tweeted a video that purports to show a 20-second pause from Democratic candidates at the Las Vegas debate after he claimed he was the only one who had started a business. The video was selectively edited to splice together unrelated moments of expressive faces from his rivals. In fact, there was a two-second pause after Bloomberg brought up his business experience. Bloomberg’s video contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says the Potomac River "has gotten dirtier and dirtier and dirtier and dirtier. I go down there and that litter is left almost exclusively by immigrants.
Speaker: tucker carlson
About the speaker: Tucker Carlson was a Fox News pundit until his departure in April 2023.
Date: December 15, 2019
Topics: environment;immigration;water;punditfact
Context: an interview with the Atlantic
Fact-check justification: Carlson said the Potomac River "has gotten dirtier and dirtier and dirtier and dirtier. I go down there and that litter is left almost exclusively by immigrants." The available data shows the opposite; the Potomac has actually gotten cleaner. And there’s no  to suggest that immigrants are most responsible for the remaining litter in the river.  We rate this statement !
Statement: Says Gov. Scott Walker dropped out or was kicked out of college short of a degree "not long after" he was "kicked out of student elections at Marquette University.
Speaker: democratic party of wisconsin
About the speaker: The Democratic Party of Wisconsin focuses on advancing state Democratic candidates and related issues.
Date: November 19, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;education
Context: a web posting
Fact-check justification: Our rating The Democratic Party website said that "Scott Walker was kicked out of student elections at Marquette University after masterminding a scheme that destroyed newspapers critical of him." It added that "Walker either dropped out or was forced out not long after." The party offered nothing to backup up its claims, and our investigation found no backup either. And statements by Marquette go a long way to contradicting the party’s statements. We’ll revisit this item if new  emerges, but at this point, we rate the party’s claims .
Statement: Suggests Amber Heard snorted cocaine while on the stand in court.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 6, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Depp sued Heard for libel after she accused him of domestic abuse in a 2018 opinion editorial in the Washington Post. Depp’s lawyer described the allegations as "catastrophic" to Depp’s career. During the trial, Heard has been the focus of intense ire from Depp’s fans, particularly on TikTok , where videos ridiculing her testimony have racked up tens of millions of views. Variety called the trial, which is being live-streamed, a "digital media spectacle." We rate the  that Heard snorted cocaine while on the stand in court !