chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: If women seeking an abortion see their ultrasound, "the odds are pretty high they're going to keep the baby.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: July 15, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;children;health care;public health;technology;women
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Walker said that if women seeking an abortion see their ultrasound, "the odds are pretty high they're going to keep the baby." There is some  that some women considering an abortion opt to continue the pregnancy after seeing their ultrasound, although experts said that decision is typically based on counseling or other services that are offered along with the ultrasound. Meanwhile, the latest academic study we found shows that nearly all women who are more certain about their decision proceed with an abortion even after seeing the ultrasound. And we found no independent studies to back Walker’s statement. For a  that has an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is .
Statement: Property and income taxes will be lower in 2018 than they were in 2010.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: April 17, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;income;state budget;taxes
Context: an online ad
Fact-check justification: The Democratic Party pointed out that a manufacturing and agricultural tax credit , worth more than $1 billion according to the fiscal bureau, primarily benefits corporations and high-income earners. Our rating Walker says: "Property and income taxes will be lower in 2018 than they were in 2010." Total property and income tax collections are higher in 2018 than they were in 2010, partly because of new properties paying taxes and more workers paying income taxes. But using two reasonable measures at the individual level, the property tax on a typical home is lower in 2018 and than it was in 2010; and across the board, income tax rates are lower in 2018 than in 2010. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification, our rating is .
Statement: The CDC is "spending money on things like jazzercise, urban gardening and massage therapy" that could be redirected to Ebola.
Speaker: cory gardner
About the speaker: Cory Gardner, a Republican, won a seat to represent Colorado in the U.S. Senate in 2014. He previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the Colorado House of Representatives.
Date: October 15, 2014
Location: national
Topics: ebola;health care;public health
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Gardner said the CDC is "spending money on things like jazzercise, urban gardening and massage therapy" that could be redirected Ebola. We weren’t able to document such expenditures, but given the agency’s spending parameters, it’s certainly possible they’ve been made. However, by cherry-picking three chuckle- (or outrage-) inducing spending items, Gardner presents a  description of what the fund does. Those efforts almost certainly represent a tiny fraction of spending from the prevention fund, which is dominated by efforts to attack diseases that kill more than 1.4 million people every year, rather than one so far with Ebola. The  contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: We had a No Child Left Behind — a similar piece of legislation in our state a number of years ago, well before the federal law. And it's had a big impact here. It's improved schools.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: September 14, 2007
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: But he said that doesn't change the overall improvement. "The gaps are still quite significant and of great concern. But there absolutely was a closing of those gaps," said Costrell, now a professor of education reform and economics at the University of Arkansas. Ultimately, Romney claims the state made strong progress in education after it passed an accountability law similar to No Child Left Behind, and the test scores back him up. We rate Romney's comment .
Statement: Eighty-five percent . . . of Rhode Island tax returns that were filed for the year 2010 . . . were from individuals who earned $30,000 or less.
Speaker: lisa baldelli-hunt
About the speaker: Lisa Baldelli-Hunt was a state representative from District 49 before being elected mayor of Woonsocket.
Date: November 17, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;pensions;poverty;state budget
Context: a General Assembly debate on pension overhaul
Fact-check justification: We can't say whether Baldelli-Hunt is accurately recalling something she heard from Raimondo. There is no audio recording of the meeting. We can only rule on the accuracy of Baldelli-Hunt's statement when she said that 85 percent of Rhode Island tax returns, filed for the 2010 tax year, reported income of $30,000 or less. The most-recent income data, from 2009, show that the ratio is 48 percent, far less than what she stated. (The state isn't scheduled to release an income breakdown of its 2010 returns until sometime around March 2012.) That 48 percent turns out to be fairly typical. State reports from 2005-2008 show that the percentage doesn't change much year to year, so it seems extraordinarily unlikely that even when the 2010 tax return numbers come out, the percentage will jump to anything close to 85 percent. Carl Sagan, the late astronomer, liked to say that extraordinary claims require extraordinary . We agree. Baldelli-Hunt described the statistic was "pretty astonishing." It would have served her well to double-check it before using it during debate on the biggest issue to come before the General Assembly this year. Her assertion that 85 percent of tax returns report income of $30,000 or less -- based on a hasty calculation --  is not only  but , we rule her statement  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Russia is targeting U.S. biological weapons labs in Ukraine invasion.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: February 24, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: A social media user tweeted that Russia was targeting U.S.-run biolabs in its invasion of Ukraine. That account was soon suspended by Twitter. There are no U.S.-run biolabs in Ukraine. The country is one of many former Soviet Union republics, and other countries, partnering with the Defense Department as part of the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program. It’s the latest  in a series of disinformation efforts by the Russians, an expert told PolitiFact. While the U.S. may provide funding to upgrade or build labs in other countries, the labs are run by the partnering nations and the program’s goal is to prevent biological threats, not create them. We rate this  .
Statement: Capital Metro originally said MetroRail's yearly operating costs would be "about $2.5 million. Last year ... it cost $13 million to operate.
Speaker: bob cole
About the speaker: Cole, a long-time Austin radio host, joined partners in launching KOKE FM in 2012. He hosts the station's weekday morning program from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m.
Date: March 31, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: transportation;taxes
Context: morning radio show on KOKE-FM
Fact-check justification: According to Cole, Capital Metro originally said MetroRail annual operating costs "would be about $2.5 million. … last year, it cost $13 million to operate." He’s correct, even conservative, on the 2013 costs. But Cole understates MetroRail’s initial projected operating costs of $5 million, or $6.2 million in 2013 dollars, which Capital Metro told us didn’t roll in fuel and other costs. The rail line’s 2013 operating costs, including payments on the rail-car loan, were about $13 million--more than double the inflation-adjusted 2004 estimate, perhaps in part due to trains having more service hours than initially envisioned. We rate Cole’s statement as .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Everyone is only dying of coronavirus now.
Speaker: candace owens
About the speaker: Candace Owens is a conservative commentator, author and host on the Daily Wire. She formerly worked as a spokeswoman for Turning Point USA. She started Blexit, an effort to get black voters to leave the Democratic Party. She previously co-founded the website Degree180.
Date: April 6, 2020
Location: national
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Owens said that "everyone is dying of coronavirus now." Her post reflects a misunderstanding of how COVID-19 interacts with other health conditions and how deaths are reported.  The physicians we reached said it’s important to track when COVID-19 triggers a pre-existing heart or lung condition. To meet the need for immediate data, New York sends the CDC summaries of COVID-19 deaths, and not the full death certificates.  People familiar with the tracking system say some victims go uncounted. They told us that the limited supply of testing, the pace of work at hospitals and deaths that take place outside any medical facility point to an underreporting of COVID-19 deaths, not an overreporting. We rate this  .
Statement: California voters who go to the polls to vote in person will be "TURNED AWAY & CANNOT VOTE" unless they change their voting preference to "NO to mail in voting.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 31, 2020
Location: california
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: The statement is not accurate and makes a  . CapRadio and PolitiFact California are fact-checking election misinformation and answering your questions about voting through the November 2020 election. Email us your questions and ideas for a fact check at [email protected] , or contact us on Twitter or Facebook . Related: PolitiFact California, No, California Is Not Sending Mail-In Ballots "To Anyone In The State," As Trump Falsely Claimed , May 26, 2020 PolitiFact California, How Early Should You Send In Your Mail-in Ballot To Make Sure It Gets Counted? It Varies By State , July 29, 2020 PolitiFact California, Answering Questions About Vote-By-Mail In California Amid COVID-19, Attacks By Trump , June 2, 2020 PolitiFact California, Trump Draws  Contrast Between Absentee, Mail-In Voting, Election Experts Say , July 30, 2020
Statement: Australian officials "are giving cows mRNA vaccines.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 25, 2022
Topics: agriculture;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: "She complied and of the 200 head of cattle, 35 died instantly!"  "The farmer said it is mandatory for all dairy farms to have their herd jabbed with this mRNA vaccine," the email continued. There are currently no mRNA vaccines being used on livestock in Australia, a spokesperson for the country’s Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry told PolitiFact. In September, New South Wales officials said they would prioritize "fast-track" development of mRNA vaccines for livestock to prevent foot-and-mouth disease and lumpy skin disease. Those are expected to be introduced in August 2023. We rate the  that Australian officials "are giving cows mRNA vaccines" .  PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: Because of a local version of Amendment 4, "the taxpayers of St. Pete Beach have had to pay hundreds of thousands in legal bills.
Speaker: citizens for lower taxes and a stronger economy
About the speaker: A political action committee opposing Florida's proposed Amendment 4.
Date: March 10, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: economy;florida amendments;taxes
Context: an Internet ad
Fact-check justification: Primarily to fight the development lawsuits. That's the point Citizens for Lower Taxes and a Stronger Economy is trying to make in its Internet ad. The group says the "the taxpayers of St. Pete Beach have had to pay hundreds of thousands in legal bills" fighting lawsuits related to contentious development approvals. The person tasked with keeping count says the bill is now $734,000. So we rate this  .
Statement: More businesses are closing than opening in Virginia today.
Speaker: ed gillespie
About the speaker: Ed Gillespie is a Republican strategist who currently runs the firm Ed Gillespie Strategies. He served as counselor to former President George W. Bush. Gillespie has announced he will run for Virginia governor in 2017. He narrowly lost a 2014 bid for the U.S. Senate to Democrat Mark Warner.
Date: January 13, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: corporations;economy;small business
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification:   Gillespie says "more businesses are opening than closing in Virginia today." A campaign spokesman says Gillespie based his statement on an ODU report, published last November, that contained data through 2011. The report said that "since 2008, more firms have been dying than have been created, both nationally and regionally." Census data from 2011 does show a steady four-year decline in the number of Virginia business establishments. But these statistics are stale. The latest figures show the number of businesses began to slowly increase again in 2012 and 2013 -- although they still had not recovered to their pre-recession levels. The bottom line: There’s no  that business deaths are exceeding births today. The most current statistics point otherwise, although they hardly suggest a baby boom. We rate Gillespie’s statement .
Statement: The 2005 round of military base closings "has not yet resulted in savings.
Speaker: rob wittman
About the speaker: Rob Wittman, a Republican, represents Virginia's first 1st Congressional District, which stretches from Newport News to some outlying Norther Virginia preincts.
Wittman worked for 20 years at the Virginia Department of Health as an environmental health specialist and as field director for the Division of Shellfish Sanitation.
He served on the Montross Town Council from 1986 to 1996 and on the Westmoreland County Board of Supervisors from 1996 to 2005. He was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 2005. Two years later, he won a special election to Congress following the death of Rep. Jo Ann Davis, a Republican.
Wittman holds a B.S. in biology from Virginia Tech, a Master's degree in public health from the University of North Carolina and a Ph.D. in public policy and administration from Virginia Commonwealth University.
Date: April 30, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Wittman said that the 2005 BRAC round has "not resulted in savings." Savings are coming in every year, but they haven’t yet reached the break-even point of paying back the costs of BRAC. That’s expected to happen in 2018 and, after that, the money can be used for other purposes. Wittman’s statement is missing important information and creates a faulty impression that the 2005 BRAC has been a loser. On the whole, we rate his  .
Statement: The group that supported the president's health care bill the most? Latinos.
Speaker: david plouffe
About the speaker: David Plouffe is a senior adviser to President Barack Obama. He also managed President Obama’s 2008 presidential campaign.
Date: February 17, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: When Plouffe was talking about Obama’s support among Latinos he said, "The group that supported the president’s health care bill the most? Latinos." The White House pointed to polls of Latino voters showing the majority supported the health care law, but that lacked a comparison to other groups. Overall, the polls we looked at showed strong support for the health care law from Hispanics. However, we found little to suggest Hispanics supported the law "the most." Support for the law among blacks was very high and in some cases outpaced Hispanic support.  Experts we spoke with said that blacks supported the health care law the most or that they were fairly equal in support with Hispanics. Support for the law tended to follow partisan lines. We rate this  .
Statement: When the House wants to stop Enterprise Florida ... they're hurting our rural communities.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: February 7, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: jobs;state budget
Context: a statement to press
Fact-check justification: Scott said, "When the House wants to stop Enterprise Florida ... they’re hurting our rural communities." There have been some jobs created in rural areas through Enterprise Florida projects. Those jobs certainly help those workers. But Scott’s  over-hypes the consequences of ending Enterprise Florida’s incentives for rural communities. Job gains through Enterprise Florida projects have been relatively small compared with overall job growth in those counties. Nonpartisan reviews of incentive programs don't prove that rural communities rely on Enterprise Florida for economic stability. Finally, Scott can’t prove that the jobs would not have materialized without the state money. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Newt Gingrich "co-sponsored a bill with Nancy Pelosi that would have given $60 million a year to a U.N. program supporting China's brutal one-child policy.
Speaker: restore our future
About the speaker: Restore Our Future is a super PAC run by supporters of Mitt Romney.
Date: February 15, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: message machine 2012
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: That is the exact opposite of the language in Restore Our Future’s ad about Gingrich. As we mentioned, PolitiFact Florida rated this  . The language is the same in this ad. And the facts haven’t changed. .
Statement: The last quarter, it was just announced, our gross domestic product … was below zero. Who ever heard of this? It's never below zero.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 16, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: his presidential announcement speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said that in "the last quarter, it was just announced, our gross domestic product … was below zero. Who ever heard of this? It's never below zero." He messes up his economic terms; the gross domestic product was not "zero." And the growth in the gross domestic product has been below zero 42 times over 68 years. That’s a lot more than "never." We rate his  !
Statement: Says Chris Abele, opponent in Milwaukee County executive race, "failed to finish 3 separate colleges, dropping out all 3 times.
Speaker: jeff stone
About the speaker: Jeff Stone has served as a Republican member of the Wisconsin state Assembly since 1998, representing southern Milwaukee County suburbs. He ran unsuccessfully for Milwaukee County executive in 2011.
Date: April 1, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;education
Context: a campaign flier
Fact-check justification: His campaign takes issue with the "drop out" charge only in the context of Boston University. If we could determine that Abele entered Boston University intending to continue toward a degree, Stone’s  would likely rate . Since we’re looking at a Stone , the burden of proof is on him. Of course, it’s Abele who won’t provide the crucial details -- and the full context about his college history and background. That puts us -- barring new information -- at .
Statement: At the same time President Trump talks about supporting veterans, "he is deporting service members who have volunteered to serve this country.
Speaker: tulsi gabbard
About the speaker: Tulsi Gabbard is a representative of Hawaii’s 2nd Congressional District. Elected to the office in 2012, Gabbard is the first Samoan-American and first Hindu member of the U.S. Congress. She was re-elected in 2014, 2016 and 2018. Gabbard has also been in active service for more than the past 10 years and has served in the Hawaii Army National Guard. Gabbard received a bachelor’s degree in business administration from Hawaii Pacific University. In 2019, she announced she is running for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: July 11, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration;border security;homeland security;military
Context: a public forum
Fact-check justification: Gabbard said at the same time Trump talks about supporting veterans, "he is deporting service members who have volunteered to serve this country." The Trump administration expanded the grounds under which people, including veterans, can be deported, which some blame for more veterans being forced to leave the country. That said, GAO documents make clear the issue existed before Trump took office -- something that wasn’t acknowledged in Gabbard’s . Our definition for  is "the statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information." That fits here.