chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: George Allen "had 40,000 earmarks" while he was a senator.
Speaker: jamie radtke
About the speaker: Jamie Radtke, a Republican, was a candidate for the GOP nomination for U.S. Senate in 2012 and was president of the Richmond Tea Party and co-founder of the Virginia Tea Party Patriots Federation.
Radtke graduated from Liberty University, Lynchburg, in 1995 and earned a master's degree in public policy from the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, in 1998.
Date: May 4, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: federal budget
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Radtke, at least three times, said that Allen "had 40,000 earmarks" during his tenure in the Senate. That suggests he actually requested those line items. Her campaign spokesman said that she means that Allen "voted for" those earmarks because that he said were included in overall appropriations bills that Allen supported. But that’s not what she said. Her statement is .
Statement: People carrying guns can't wear face masks to protect against the coronavirus because it's a "class 4 felony.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 2, 2020
Location: illinois
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a meme
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says wearing a face mask while carrying a firearm in public is a class four felony. There is no federal law that bans carrying a concealed weapon while wearing a mask. There is a law against being "hooded, robed or masked" while carrying a gun in Illinois, but the Illinois State Police said the state’s COVID-19 mask requirements do not require law enforcement to arrest lawful concealed-weapon permit holders. We rate it .
Statement: The U.S. military "is in 130 countries. We have 900 bases around the world.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: September 12, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;foreign policy;military
Context: Tampa
Fact-check justification: Given the incomplete figures available from the Pentagon, Paul’s topline figures -- 130 nations, 900 bases -- are plausible when active military operations are included. "My eyebrows were raised many times" during the debate, Pike said, but this comment "was not one of those times." Still, we think it’s worth pointing out that many of the personnel deployments and facilities included in Paul’s number are fairly minimal in nature. On balance, we rate Paul’s statement .
Statement: Palin had "executive experience" in the PTA.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: August 31, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Fact-check justification: This was her window into public service." We agree PTA can be hard, important and often thankless work. And principals often credit parental involvement in PTA as crucial to the success of schools. But since it does not appear that Palin served as an officer in PTA (though we acknowledge it's possible she did and folks just won't say) we think it's  to count that as executive experience. Without any  to support McCain's statement, we rate this one .
Statement: Due to differing lockdown orders, New York has more COVID-19 cases, deaths, hospitalizations and job losses than Florida, and New York also lags on vaccinations.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 11, 2021
Location: florida
Topics: corrections and updates;economy;public health;facebook fact-checks;new york;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post says New York’s lockdown measures led to more death and economic destruction while Florida’s more open approach led to less. The post overstates the correlation between the numbers and lockdown rules. It leaves out important factors, including environment and public health initiatives, and ignores that the two states collect and report data differently. Most significantly, it ignores that New York City was the epicenter of the nation’s first wave, before doctors had the equipment, therapeutics and experience needed to fight the new disease. States like Florida were able to learn and benefit from New York’s experience. We rate this . Correction, March 5, 2021: A subhead in this story has been updated to more precisely describe New York's position as one of the nation's earliest and hardest hit states in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Statement: If your body's pH is alkaline, you cannot get cancer. And if you have cancer, it goes away.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 13, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Healthy people can’t change their body pH."   If the statement in the Facebook post were , Brockton said, "cancer would go away. It wouldn’t exist for anyone. "  Unfortunately, that’s not so.   We rate this  .
Statement: Says Iranian Gen. Qassem Soleimani "was a designated terrorist by President Obama, who didn't do anything about it.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 14, 2020
Location: national
Topics: iran;terrorism
Context: a campaign speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said Soleimani "was a designated terrorist by President Obama, who didn't do anything about it." The Obama administration did designate Soleimani as a terrorist. The designation did not mean he was being targeted to be killed, as Trump ultimately targeted him.  Obama’s designation did put some restrictions on Soleimani’s ability to travel and conduct financial transactions and, according to experts, was part of a U.S. effort to pressure Iran to change its ways on terrorism. But the terrorist attacks that the United States blamed on Soleimani continued, and Obama did not take action against Soleimani beyond the designations. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification, our rating is .
Statement: Cuomo ended cash bail ... and now the crime rate has gone through the roof.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 20, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said that Cuomo "ended cash bail" and now the crime rate has gone up. The White House offered no  in support of this .  Cuomo signed changes to cash bail into law, but many violent felonies and other crimes, such as sex offenses, are still eligible for bail.   In New York City, some violent crimes have increased, but not all violent crimes.  Crime researchers we spoke with said that more analysis is needed to determine whether the changes to cash bail have led to any increase in crime, but there is not strong  suggesting that. In fact, preliminary analyses do not support Trump's .  We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: A vast majority of the production in the United States comes from small independent oil and gas companies.
Speaker: dan boren
About the speaker: Dan Boren is a Democrat who represents a district in Oklahoma in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Date: April 27, 2011
Location: national
Topics: corporations;energy
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Both companies are small compared to, say, ExxonMobil Corp ($105 billion in revenues, $9.3 billion in net income for 2010), but they’re hardly run out of someone’s basement. So we think the suggestion that those companies qualify as "small independent oil and gas companies" is . Ultimately, Boren makes a valid point that a majority of U.S. oil production comes not from the biggest multinational oil companies but from independent firms. Still, it’s not a "vast majority," as he said, and some of the firms in the "independent" category -- including the two he cited by name -- are hardly what most people would consider "small." On balance, we rate Boren’s statement .
Statement: Nearly half of all persons under 30 did not go to work today.
Speaker: mitch daniels
About the speaker: Mitch Daniels served as director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George W. Bush and is now the governor of Indiana.
 
Date: January 24, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a Republican response to the State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: We suppose in a narrow sense, Daniels has a point that "nearly half of all persons under 30 did not go to work today." But that’s because the number includes many people who have no desire to work -- for instance, full-time high school or college students, stay-at-home parents or others who are unable to work. We can understand the concern about the nation’s current high level of unemployment, particularly among youth. Americans age 16 to 19 have an unemployment rate of 23.1 percent, and those who are 20 to 24 have a rate of 14.4 percent -- both well above the 8.5 percent for all age groups, which is itself elevated from historical averages. Still, the statistic Daniels chose to document this one is a wildly  one. We rate it . UPDATE : After we published our story, a spokeswoman for Gov. Daniels replied to our query. She said that "the employment-to-population ratio, which captures the number of people working as a percent of the population, is an important indicator of economic activity and the health of the society. For the 16-to-29-year-old cohort, the ratio peaked at 68.2 percent in 1989 and declined by 7.5 percentage points over the next 19 years, reaching 60.7 percent in 2008. The EPOP was 55.2 percent for 2011. So the nearly half -- 44.8% -- is correct. I would not agree that only those captured as unemployed in the unemployment rate are of concern. The total number of people actually working is important. Of course the governor wants students to pursue post-secondary education and has pursued ways to make it easier for them to do so during his tenure as governor." We stand by our original ruling.
Statement: New tapes" of Nancy Pelosi show that the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol "was all planned.
Speaker: benny johnson
About the speaker: Benny Johnson, a conservative activist, is chief creative officer of Turning Point USA.
Date: June 3, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed "new tapes" of Nancy Pelosi show Jan. 6 "was all planned." Newly released security camera footage captured on Jan. 6, 2021, shows Nancy Pelosi being filmed by her daughter, documentary filmmaker Alexandra Pelosi, during the Capitol attack. The footage does not prove the attack was scripted or planned, and we found no credible  to support that . The attack was real; it caused millions of dollars in damage and prompted hundreds of arrests.  We rate these claims . RELATED: Who is John Solomon? Here’s what we know about the journalist whose stories shaped the Ukraine saga RELATED: The Jan. 6 Capitol attack: A year of debunking  narratives RELATED: Video footage of Pelosi and Schumer on Jan. 6 doesn’t prove the Capitol attack was a setup
Statement: J.D. Vance profits off Russia propaganda.
Speaker: tim ryan
About the speaker: Tim Ryan is a representative of Ohio’s 13th Congressional District. Ryan served the state’s 17th Congressional District from 2003 until 2013, when he assumed office to represent the 13th District. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president. In 2022, he is running for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat.
Date: May 10, 2022
Location: ohio
Topics: candidate biography;technology
Context: an attack ad
Fact-check justification: Ryan said, "Vance profits off Russia propaganda." Ryan’s  is based on Vance’s investment in Rumble, the platform where RT posts its videos. RT amplifies Kremlin messaging, and in the past two and a half months, RT has produced nearly 2 million views on Rumble. More views mean more advertising revenues for Rumble, and RT’s presence adds value to Vance’s investment. But other programs on Rumble attract many more viewers, and the details on Vance’s investment in the company are not public. Rumble’s CEO earlier this year ​​said the company has yet to turn a profit. With that caveat in mind, we rate this  .
Statement: Days after the (Osama bin Laden) raid, Hollywood was invited into the White House so that they could receive a briefing" that revealed intelligence sources and methods.
Speaker: special operations opsec education fund
About the speaker: A group of former special forces and CIA officers who oppose release of classified information.
Date: August 15, 2012
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;message machine 2012;military;terrorism
Context: a Web video
Fact-check justification: The Web video by the group Special Operations OPSEC says "Days after the (Osama bin Laden) raid, Hollywood was invited into the White House so that they could receive a briefing" that revealed intelligence sources and methods. There is an element of  to the  because the producers did indeed visit the White House, met with national security officials and clearly got some cooperation from top brass at the Pentagon and CIA.  However, we find no  for the main point of the , that the Obama administration engineered this and revealed intelligence sources and sensitive methods. We rate the  .
Statement: Barack Obama "extended health care for wounded troops who'd been neglected.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 12, 2008
Location: national
Topics: military
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: So in fairness, this was a tweak to previous legislation. If Obama had said he had helped extend health care for wounded veterans who'd been neglected, we would have given him a better rating. But he phrased his accomplishment to take more of the credit than that. Missing the vote on the 2008 bill does not help his case. For all of these reasons, we find his statement .
Statement: Wikileaks also shows how John Podesta rigged the polls by oversampling Democrats, a voter suppression technique.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 24, 2016
Location: national
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: Florida
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Wikileaks also shows how John Podesta rigged the polls by oversampling Democrats, a voter suppression technique." A leaked email shows the Clinton campaign of 2008 consulted data firm that suggest oversampling in what is likely internal polling. The term refers to a common technique used by pollsters to analyze demographics groups more precisely than possible in a random sample. We rate Trump’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/a2406c00-0c22-4ea9-80cf-47ef7e301b30
Statement: In her first appellate argument, Ms. Kagan told the court that the speech and press guarantees in the First Amendment would allow the federal government to ban the publication of pamphlets discussing political issues before an election.
Speaker: jeff sessions
About the speaker: Jeff Sessions is President Donald Trump's Attorney General. He was previously a U.S. Senator from Alabama.
 
Date: June 28, 2010
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;elections;kagan nomination
Context: the Kagan confirmation hearing
Fact-check justification: But again, that's in the context of pamphlets paid for directly by corporations or labor unions making independent expenditures (not through their PAC) for a pamphlet advocating for a specific candidate within the last months of an election. That's an awful lot of limiting context left out. And the point is further muddled by using the example of Paine's Common Sense . It's not at all clear that that pamphlet would have fallen under the regulation of the McCain-Feingold Act. And so we rate Sessions' comment .
Statement: Florida is enjoying its lowest crime rate in 39 years.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: September 1, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: crime
Context: a campaign website
Fact-check justification: Kenney said it's possible to argue that the auditing procedures today are better than in the past but still "yes they can cheat." So how does Crist's  stack up? He's right on the math that the state's crime rate in 2009 was lower than it was in 1971. But Crist omits that it had dropped below the 1971 rate before he became governor and that the rate went up his first two years in office. So for that omission, we rate this  .
Statement: We've created more jobs in the first eight months of my administration than any president in American history — total number of jobs created.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 21, 2021
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: Baltimore
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "We’ve created more jobs in the first eight months of my administration than any president in American history — total number of jobs created." The raw numbers support Biden’s , but the talking point glosses over the reality that the U.S. economy remains about 5 million jobs under its pre-pandemic peak. It also ignores that adjusting for population growth would have made Carter first, rather than Biden. In addition, comparing presidents as Biden did is highly sensitive to the economic conditions around the time of their inauguration. We rate the statement .
Statement: Democrats have accomplished a lot in just 2 months ... 1 Million energy jobs destroyed.
Speaker: kevin mccarthy
About the speaker: Kevin McCarthy, who was first elected in 2006, is a Republican member of Congress representing a district in California. McCarthy was elected as House Speaker in January 2023.
Date: March 14, 2021
Location: national
Topics: climate change;energy;jobs;california
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: McCarthy said in the past two months, Democrats led by Biden have "destroyed 1 million energy jobs." The 1 million figure matches a number from an American Petroleum Institute report, but that report assumed all new oil and gas development on federal property would cease, while the Biden policy affects only new leasing. And the projected job losses were across the entire economy — not solely in energy. McCarthy spoke as if the jobs were actually lost in the past two months, but the figure came from a projection, which might never come to pass. We rate this  .
Statement: Joe Biden's attorney general wants the FBI to go after parents for speaking out at school board meetings to protect kids from radical curriculum like critical race theory.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: October 5, 2021
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;education;race and ethnicity;florida
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Scott said that "Joe Biden’s attorney general wants the FBI to go after parents for speaking out at school board meetings to protect kids from radical curriculum like critical race theory." Attorney General Garland specifically said that "spirited debate" is protected. His memo targeted threats that go beyond passionate speech, and said nothing about critical race theory. The line between sincere debate and words that intimidate isn’t always clear, and there is a concern that officials might apply an overly broad interpretation. In the past, courts have ruled against that sort of loose approach to defining what constitutes a threat. Nothing in Garland’s memo says that is part of the plan. We rate this  .
Statement: COVID19 PCR tests are scientifically meaningless.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: June 27, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: RELATED: Coronavirus testing: What we know, all in one place There are legitimate questions about the accuracy of diagnostic COVID-19 tests, particularly for people who are not experiencing symptoms. There have been several cases of tests producing the  results, and some experts are concerned about -negatives. But OffGuardian’s  about PCR tests is  and . We rate it !