chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says state Sen. Alberta Darling is "allowing mercury to harm our children" because she voted against an electronics recycling bill.
Speaker: wisconsin sierra club
About the speaker: According to the Wisconsin Democracy Campaign, the Sierra Club is a pro-environment membership organization with a major focus on lobbying. It has been making independent expenditures since the 1996 election cycle and helped pioneer the use of "issue" ads. The group supported Democratic Party candidates in the 2011 Wisconsin Senate recall elections.
Date: July 23, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment
Context: campaign fliers
Fact-check justification: There is an element of  in that Darling voted against the bill that aims to prevent harm. The Sierra Club mailers, though, push past what is known and attack Darling for "allowing mercury to harm our children." That day could come -- or not. But nobody claims it has already arrived. The statement earns a  on the -O-Meter.
Statement: Even with no shutdown, Sweden has a lower COVID-19 infection rate than UK, Italy and Spain.
Speaker: franklin graham
About the speaker: The Rev. Franklin Graham is a Christian minister and the president and CEO of both the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association and the international relief organization Samaritan's Purse.
Date: April 17, 2020
Topics: corrections and updates;public health;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Urging that the reopening of the United States not be delayed, Graham said the COVID-19 infection rate in Sweden, which has no forced lockdown, is lower than in Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. Infection rates are lower, but that’s not necessarily a telling metric. Experts, including the epidemiologist credited with devising Sweden’s no-lockdown strategy, said there are other reasons, including a lack of testing, not to read too much into infection rates as a measure of how well a country is responding to the virus. Sweden’s death rates, for example, are higher than some of its peers.  For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important information, our rating is . UPDATE, April 27, 2020 : This story has been updated to reflect that Graham edited his original April 17 Facebook post to remove reference to Sweden's COVID-19 infection rate following the April 24 publication of this fact-check.
Statement: Henry Kissinger "said that we should meet with Iran — guess what — without precondition.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 26, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: Oxford, Miss
Fact-check justification: McCain has made clear he would hold "no unconditional summits." After the debate, the McCain campaign was quick to say that Obama had incorrectly described Kissinger's remarks, issuing a statement from Kissinger that said, "I would not recommend the next president of the United States engage in talks with Iran at the presidential level.” Obama is right that Kissinger supports meetings without preconditions, but he neglects to mention that Kissinger specified they would be "at the secretary of state level." And Obama's comments imply that he was referring to meetings at the presidential level. So we find Obama's statement to be .
Statement: Ohio today has the "fewest number of state employees since the Reagan administration.
Speaker: yvette mcgee brown
About the speaker: Yvette McGee Brown is a justice for the Ohio Supreme Court, appointed by Gov. Ted Strickland to fill a vacancy created by the 2010 elections. She also was Strickland's running mate in the 2010 gubernatorial election.
Date: August 4, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: state budget
Context: a speech at a candidates forum
Fact-check justification: It discovered annual employee data in a trends report that contained information dating back to 1983 and updated to include recent years. The report shows that as of December 2009, Ohio had 58,622 employees, the lowest number since 1983 when the state had 60,292 workers. That 28-year stretch includes a period from 1991 through 2006 when Ohio’s governors were Republicans and the state had more than 65,000 employees. We rate McGee Brown’s statement as . Comment on this item .
Statement: A photo shows Australian TV host David Koch being detained by police.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 20, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A reverse-image search led us to the original photo featured in 2021 news coverage of anti-lockdown protests. The person being detained isn’t Koch.   Clicking a link in the Facebook post that says "confirming the allegations against Koch: the latest news," leads to a page that doesn’t open, though the URL doesn’t scream credible news source: anniedotcreative.com.   We found no  to support the  that Koch was arrested, and a doctored photo is certainly not proof. We rate this post .
Statement: Opponent Glenn Hegar expressed pride in legislated cuts to public school funding.
Speaker: mike collier
About the speaker: Collier, the 2018 Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor of Texas, was the party's 2014 nominee for state comptroller. He worked for 20 years as a top executive at PriceWaterhouseCoopers, an international accounting firm, and then became chief financial officer of a Texas oil company.
Date: August 8, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a video ad
Fact-check justification: Collier said Hegar was proud to cut public school funding. In 2013, Hegar said he was unashamed and proud to stand behind the cuts that Republicans passed into law. We rate Collier’s statement .
Statement: Rick Perry accepted more stimulus funds than any other governor except the governors of California and New York.
Speaker: bill white
About the speaker: Bill White, an author, is a San Antonio native who was mayor of Houston from 2004-2009. He was the 2010 Democratic nominee for governor of Texas.
Date: June 25, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: state budget;states;stimulus
Context: Corpus Christi
Fact-check justification: Summing up? In his convention speech, White said Perry has accepted more stimulus funding than the governors of any other states, except for California and New York. But his campaign failed to back up his  with specific data on funds that passed through state governments -- perhaps because those breakdowns aren't available. On our own, we found information suggesting White's  holds up -- though nothing entirely conclusive. We rate White's statement .
Statement: Across the state the rejection rate for ballots went way down" in the Nov. 3 election.
Speaker: ben wikler
About the speaker: Ben Wikler is chairman of the Democratic Party of Wisconsin.
Date: November 8, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;states;wisconsin
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: Wikler said, "Across the state the rejection rate for ballots went way down."  According to the Wisconsin Elections Commission, it’s too early to know how many ballots were rejected.  It may very well be  that the absentee ballot rejection rate was lower than past elections, but for now, the commission says there is no data to confirm that. By looking at the 2016 rejected ballot rate compared with the improved April 2020 rate, there is a possibility the rejection will also be down for November 2020, but there is no data yet to confirm that. Even Democrats subsequently acknowledged, "We don’t know exactly how many absentee ballots were rejected from this election (and won’t for a while)." For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is .
Statement: The transportation tax is regressive, and Emory University is "literally getting its own transit line at virtually no cost to itself.
Speaker: georgia green party
About the speaker: Green Party of Georgia
Date: July 2, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: transportation
Context: Georgia Green Party flier
Fact-check justification: So where does that leave the Green Party’s two-barreled statement? There is general agreement that the sales tax is more of a burden on lower-income people than people with higher incomes, businesses and nonprofit institutions. But there is also  that the proposed rail line is not simply a paean to Emory University. Half the Green Party statement is ; the other half, not so much. We rate the Green Party  .
Statement: In the recent House special election in Florida, Democrats "got outspent in a Republican district.
Speaker: democratic national committee
About the speaker: The Democratic National Committee is the national organization of Democrats.
Date: March 11, 2014
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a fundraising email
Fact-check justification: In a fundraising letter after the Florida special election, the Democratic National Committee said Democrats "got outspent in a Republican district." Both claims have a grain of , but are exaggerated. By the Feb. 19 cutoff for disclosure -- a few weeks before the election was held -- Jolly and his supporters had outspent Sink and her supporters. But if you take into account Sink’s big advantage in banked money -- dollars she was likely to spend in the race’s final weeks -- that edge disappears, and "Team Sink" takes a narrow overall lead. Meanwhile, nonpartisan analysts agree that the district is more accurately labeled "toss-up" than "Republican" in its partisan leanings. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Says PETA "is using this really fancy drone to follow hunters around in some places in other countries.
Speaker: joe negron
About the speaker: Sen. Joe Negron, a Stuart Republican, represents Florida Senate District 28 which includes portions of Palm Beach, Martin, Indian River, St. Lucie and Okeechobee counties.
Date: April 10, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: animals;public safety;technology
Context: a gaggle of reporters
Fact-check justification: Negron said he thought PETA is "using this really fancy drone to follow hunters around in some places in other countries to watch their hunting activities." Negron, to our eye, conflates PETA's plan to use drones to watch hunters in the United States and abroad with other wildlife groups currently tracking poachers overseas with drones. But his main point is largely right. Animal rights groups are using drones to look for animal abuses. We rate his  .
Statement: CNN did a poll recently where Obama and I are statistically tied.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 27, 2011
Location: national
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: So, Trump not only gave an  attribution for the poll that showed him within the margin of error, but he also ignored or didn't know about more recent polls that suggest he would not do well in a head-to-head contest against Obama. We also think it’s  of Trump to characterize the poll as "recent." In another context, he might have an argument that it’s "recent," but in a dynamic, fast-changing primary contest, two months is the equivalent of a geological eon. The fact is, the most recent four polls show Trump losing to Obama by near-landslide proportions. We rate Trump’s  !
Statement: This one here has subsidies for people making as much as $800,000 to be able to buy a Tesla.
Speaker: chris jacobs
About the speaker: Chris Jacobs is a candidate for New York State Senate District 60. He currently serves as Erie County Clerk.
Date: November 19, 2021
Location: new york
Topics: congress;taxes
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Jacobs said the Build Back Better bill would provide tax credits to people making as much as $800,000 for their Tesla purchases. That's not right. The bill calls for tax credits for joint filers with incomes up to $500,000. An earlier version of the bill would have allowed for incomes up to $800,000, but Jacobs made his  more than two weeks after the income threshold had changed. This is not some obscure piece of legislation followed only by interested trade groups, with few details trickling into the public sphere. The Build Back Better bill has been a story of national interest. The House minority leader for Jacobs and other Republicans had just given the longest House floor speech in history about the Build Back Better vote. The Wall Street Journal's coverage of the bill included a Nov. 3 report that Democrats had narrowed the income guidelines for the proposed tax credit for plug-in electric vehicles. While we don't expect members of Congress to read every Wall Street Journal article, we do expect them to be reasonably up to date on the facts and figures about legislation before they go on a radio show to talk to the public about it.   Since his statement is not accurate, but does contain an element of , we rate it .
Statement: Feds Seize 19,888 Fake State Driver Licenses (Made in China) in Chicago O'Hare Airport - ALL Registered to Vote -- ALL Demorats!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 26, 2020
Location: illinois
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims, "Feds Seize 19,888  State Driver Licenses (Made in China) in Chicago O'Hare Airport - ALL Registered to Vote -- ALL Demorats!" About 20,000 counterfeit driver’s licenses were confiscated at the Chicago O’Hare International Airport in the first half of 2020. But there is no  that the IDs were all for registered voters or Democrats or had anything to do with voter fraud, as the post suggests. The Facebook user acknowledged that in a revised post. And state registration practices make it unlikely that  IDs could be used fraudulently to vote or register to vote.  We rate this post .
Statement: I have given $30,000 of my unused travel expenses over the years to supplement the school system's general budget.
Speaker: sarah copelin-wood
About the speaker: Sarah Copelin-Wood is a member of the DeKalb County school board
Date: July 3, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: a newspaper article
Fact-check justification: She's contributing to savings for the district," Bowen said. Copelin-Wood focused on the amount of money she hasn't spent when we asked about how she characterized her travel spending. Copelin-Wood was correct regarding the amount of travel funds that she has not spent in recent years. However, we believe her terminology in describing the process would convey the impression that she voluntarily agreed to give those funds to the county. Her statement leaves out important details, and we rate it as .
Statement: The owner of Taco Bell said them animals need to be shot (black ppl)!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 1, 2020
Topics: civil rights;corporations;race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "We confirmed with the franchisee that this individual no longer works for them and hasn’t in some time," Taco Bell said in a statement to PolitiFact. "Taco Bell believes in all people and does not tolerate any kind of discrimination. "  The company did not reply to our request for more details.   The post misrepresents the original comment and the speaker’s connection to Taco Bell. We rate it .
Statement: Sen. McConnell says it's not his job to bring jobs to Kentucky.
Speaker: alison lundergan grimes
About the speaker: Alison Lundergan Grimes is a Democrat challenging Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., for his Senate seat in 2014. She currently serves as Kentucky's secretary of state.
Date: June 3, 2014
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;states
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: Grimes said, "Sen. McConnell said it’s not his job to bring jobs to Kentucky." She took this comment from a brief interview McConnell gave to a small-town newspaper in April. We have no reason to doubt the accuracy of the news report, but while the Grimes campaign has a point that McConnell used that particular phrase, they are glossing over some nuances in what he said by selectively quoting the report. McConnell also told the paper that he has a responsibility to protect jobs, and that some of his work in Congress has led to job creation in Kentucky. In addition, McConnell’s legislative record shows a concern for local employment. We rate this  .
Statement: Donald Trump "wanted to amnesty 2 million illegal aliens in 2018 when he was president.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: May 25, 2023
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;border security
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: As related bills moved through Congress, Trump went back and forth on his support for a bill that would provide a path to citizenship for DACA beneficiaries. At the time, think tanks estimated that 420,000 to 1.25 million people would have been eligible for citizenship under that proposal. DeSantis’ statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it . RELATED:  Pro-Donald Trump PAC ad misleads about Ron DeSantis’ stance on border wall
Statement: Wladimir Klitschko has auctioned off his 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games gold medal to raise money for the children of Ukraine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 14, 2022
Topics: foreign policy;sports;facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said, "Wladimir Klitschko has auctioned off his 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games gold medal to raise money for the children of Ukraine." Klitschko auctioned off the Olympic gold medal he earned at the 1996 games in Atlanta, as the Facebook post described. But he did so in 2012, not amid Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate the  .
Statement: Says U.S. Senate rival Eric Hovde "refused to pay his property taxes until he was taken to court.
Speaker: tommy thompson
About the speaker: Tommy Thompson, a Republican, was a 2012 candidate for the U.S. Senate from Wisconsin. He served as governor of Wisconsin from 1987 until 2001, when he left office to become President George W. Bush's secretary of health and human services. He previously spent 20 years in the Wisconsin Assembly. Thompson briefly ran for president, withdrawing in 2007.
Date: August 3, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: city government;government regulation;message machine 2012;taxes
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: I’ve paid every tax my whole life." Our rating Thompson stated: "Hovde refused to pay his property taxes until he was taken to court." Hovde’s firm didn’t refuse to pay property taxes, per se. But it did refuse to pay -- until losing a ruling in court -- penalties that were assessed for having the benefit of paying lower taxes without actually farming land, as required. We rate Thompson’s  .
Statement: There's a tremendous other number of public officials who have done the same thing" as Hillary Clinton with a private email server.
Speaker: howard dean
About the speaker: Howard Dean is the former chairman of the Democratic National Committee. He was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2004, and was the longtime governor of Vermont before that.
Date: August 12, 2015
Topics: technology;transparency;punditfact
Context: an interview on "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: In the context of discussing Hillary Clinton’s private email server for handling government business, Dean said, "I used to do that as governor, and I know there’s a tremendous other number of public officials who have done the same thing." It’s possible that Dean was trying to say that many public officials have used private email accounts. But by failing to mention that Clinton also set up her own server, he completely misses the point of Geist’s question. Besides Clinton, Jeb Bush is the only other official who used a personal server during his time in office. That does not speak to a "tremendous" trend. We rate Dean’s  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump's executive order "doesn't address the over 2,000 children who are already separated from their parents, and it doesn't change the fact that we would be jailing children with their families.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: June 21, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration;children;criminal justice;families;legal issues
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Federal officials in charge of reunification said after the order they "are awaiting further guidance" on how to proceed. But in fact the order does not address reunifying the 2,300 children with their parents, which is seen as a complicated process. The order also says, as Baldwin claims, that families entering the country without permission will continue to be detained  — together, rather than parents and children being separated. But while the families would be in custody, at various facilities, Baldwin overreaches in saying the families would be put in jails. Baldwin’s statement is accurate, but needs clarification  — our definition of .