chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Fifty-one percent -- that is, a majority of American households -- paid no income tax in 2009. Zero. Zip. Nada.
Speaker: john cornyn
About the speaker: John Cornyn is a U.S. senator from Texas, former Texas attorney general and former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He earlier served as a Bexar County state district judge.
Date: July 7, 2011
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a Senate floor speech
Fact-check justification: In other words, scoring points on tax policy depends on how you frame the issue. So where does this leave us? A full understanding of U.S. tax policy requires a lot of additional context that Cornyn didn’t supply. Still, at PolitiFact, words matter, and on the specific point Cornyn was making -- that a majority of American households paid no income tax in 2009 -- he not only accurately cited a credible study but also took care to cite a specific year and to explain that he only meant to refer to federal income taxes. So we rate Cornyn’s statement .
Statement: Says "A baby in Coos County is two times as likely to be born to a mother who is someone who used tobacco during her pregnancy as is the average baby born in Oregon or the U.S.
Speaker: caddy mckeown
About the speaker: Rep. Caddy McKeown is a Democrat from Coos Bay. She represents House District 9.
Date: April 4, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: county government;public health;taxes
Context: a House floor speech
Fact-check justification: Still, the average is backed up by a hefty Oregon Health Authority document, which reports prenatal tobacco use across the country went from 13.6 percent in 1996 to 10.7 percent in 2005. In Oregon, the percentage of women smoking during pregnancy also dropped during that period, from 17.8 percent to 12.4 percent. The ruling: We can say with certainty that babies born in Coos County are twice as likely to have mothers who smoked during pregnancy than the average baby in Oregon. That also looks to be the case using older or incomplete national averages. We rate the statement .
Statement: 86% of Americans and 82% of gun owners support requiring all gun buyers to pass a background check.
Speaker: beth wessel-kroeschell
About the speaker: Iowa State Rep. Beth Wessel-Kroeshell is a Democrat who represents Ames.
Date: January 22, 2021
Location: iowa
Topics: guns
Context: public comments
Fact-check justification: Wessell-Kroeschell wrote, "86% of Americans and 82% of gun owners support requiring all gun buyers to pass a background check ." The 2019 study she cited in her article compares with both national and Iowa poll results. National polls generally align with her statistic, with an EveryTown for Gun Safety Action Fund-SurveyUSA poll showing 92 percent of Iowa gun owners supported background checks on handguns. The more recent 2020 poll of Iowa voters by the Giffords center showed 79 percent of survey respondents supporting universal background checks.  While the numbers aren’t exactly the same in each poll, they show a consistent story of Iowans favoring background checks for gun purchases when surveyed in multiple polls. We rate her  as .
Statement: Says Kurt Schrader "cast the deciding vote that failed to extend tax cuts for Oregon's middle-class families and small businesses.
Speaker: scott bruun
About the speaker: Scott Bruun is an Oregon state representative running for the 5th Congressional District seat.
See his profile in The Oregonian's Your Government page.
Date: October 8, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: taxes
Context: an e-mail
Fact-check justification: But that’s not right. Congress is expected to pick the issue up once it reconvenes. There’s been no decision for or against the extension, but, generally, most everybody seems to agree that some piece of the tax cuts will be extended. Bruun is clearly trying to equate a vote for adjournment with a vote not to extend tax cuts, and that’s just not the case. PolitiFact Oregon dubs this  .   Comment on this item.
Statement: Says he "restored prayer and the pledge in our schools.
Speaker: jeff wentworth
About the speaker: Jeff Wentworth, a state senator from San Antonio, lost his bid for the 2012 Republican nomination for the seat.
Date: May 9, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: education;religion
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Wentworth authored a measure mandating a daily chance for students to pray, though school-led or organized prayers like the ones of his youth remain unconstitutional. Also, Texas lawmakers affirmed the right of students to pray or meditate on their own nearly a decade earlier. Aside from requiring students to be quiet for a minute, the Wentworth-originated law resulted in students reciting the pledge, as his ad says, though it seems like that had was already occurring in some schools. Finally, Wentworth did not personally achieve the touted changes, though he was a key advocate. We rate his  .
Statement: A "majority in every state favors path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants.
Speaker: democratic party of wisconsin
About the speaker: The Democratic Party of Wisconsin focuses on advancing state Democratic candidates and related issues.
Date: August 6, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Our rating A "majority in every state favors path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants," the Wisconsin Democratic Party tweeted. There’s recent backing from a respected and independent opinion research outfit for the state-by-state . We found one instance of a contradictory result in a somewhat similarly worded question, and small sample sizes in some states are pretty small. So the finding is not airtight. We rate the  .
Statement: U.S. police killed more people in just one month than the U.K.'s did in over a century.
Speaker: addicting information
About the speaker: Addicting Information is a liberal blog.
Date: April 4, 2015
Topics: punditfact;guns
Context: an infographic on the Addicting Info website
Fact-check justification: Addicting Information said that "U.S. police killed more people in just one month than the U.K.’s did in over a century." This comparison was based on an incomplete Wikipedia list. While hard figures for the number of police-related deaths in the United Kingdom over more than a century are impossible to come by, our research shows the comparison is . It’s certainly unproven. That makes it deeply flawed, which means it’s .
Statement: In Chile "they have 72 percent of the GDP in savings.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: November 22, 2011
Location: national
Topics: social security
Context: Washington, D.C
Fact-check justification: Gingrich said that in Chile "they have 72 percent of the GDP in savings." The number is basically right, but Gingrich erred in how he described the statistic. On balance, we rate his statement .
Statement: Three thousand felons voted in Rhode Island in 2008.
Speaker: carolyn medeiros
About the speaker: Carolyn Mederios is executive director of the Alliance for Safe Communities, a nonprofit Rhode Island organization that monitors criminal justice issues and acts as an advocate for victims of crimes.
Date: November 13, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: civil rights;criminal justice;elections;public safety
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Medeiros said 3,001 felons voted in Rhode Island in 2008. She accurately cited a number compiled by OpenDoors, which helps released inmates register and kept track of how many voted in 2008. We find her statement . Note: In the beginning of her talk-show appearance, Medeiros said there were "17,606 re-enfranchised voters … that have begun voting since the 2008 election," mixing the numbers of felons eligible to register to vote with those who actually voted. But as she worked through her presentation, she cited the correct number. (To suggest a statement for fact-checking, e-mail us at [email protected] Follow us on Twitter: @politifactri. And comment on our rulings on our  PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook  page.)
Statement: A video shows "massive explosion as Ukraine destroyed 280 Russian tanks to pieces using U.S. Javelin missiles.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 12, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: After the opening scene of the Facebook video, at the 9-second mark, one person with a Javelin and a man holding binoculars are shown. It’s an image that was first published in an Oct. 17, 2021, story about the Donbass region of Ukraine. The rest of the Facebook video appears to be a mishmash of footage from other sources. For example, at the 2:31 mark, the image that’s used also appeared in a March 8 video about Ukraine by NBC News, at the 29-second mark. We rate the  that a video shows a massive explosion as Ukraine destroyed Russian tanks with U.S. Javelin missiles .
Statement: We're already bombing seven countries.
Speaker: jill stein
About the speaker: Dr. Jill Stein, the Green Party presidential nominee in 2012 and 2016, is a Massachusetts activist and physician.
Date: October 17, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: afghanistan;history;iraq;foreign policy;military;terrorism
Context: Austin
Fact-check justification: Stein said: "We’re already bombing seven countries." We identified seven countries lately bombed by the U.S.: Pakistan, Somalia, Yemen, Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq and Libya. We rate the  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: First NFL team declares bankruptcy over kneeling thugs.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 2, 2018
Topics: fake news;race and ethnicity;sports;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Khan had donated $1 million to Trump’s inauguration but has also criticized Trump’s attempt to ban immigrants from predominantly Muslim countries. We emailed the Jaguars’ public relations office and did not get a reply. The protests by NFL players have fueled multiple  news stories including that a flight crew took a knee and stranded the New Orleans Saints on an airport runway, and that the NFL fined Pittsburgh Steelers $1 million each for skipping national anthem and that Fox Sports cancelled NFL broadcasts . All of those stories rated , and in this case the  that the Jaguars declared bankruptcy over "kneeling thugs" is also made up. We rate this story posted by various bloggers !
Statement: Says recent studies indicate that nationally, only 8 percent of white voting-age citizens but 25 percent of African-American voting-age citizens lack government-issued photo IDs.
Speaker: eric holder
About the speaker: Eric H. Holder Jr. was the Attorney General of the United States 2009-2015.
Date: July 10, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: civil rights;elections;legal issues
Context: Houston
Fact-check justification:     Holder’s figures appear to trace to a single national survey taken about six years ago though, far as we can tell,  unchallenged since. Other collections of data do not touch on exactly the same points, but most indicate that African Americans are less likely than whites to hold varied kinds of government-issued IDs, with percentages of blacks without such IDs ranging from nearly 4 percent to more than 26 percent and percentages of whites having such an ID ranging from 1 percent to nearly 14 percent.     We rate Holder’s  as .
Statement: Clarence Thomas is about to become the only member of the current Supreme Court who was nominated by a president of one party and confirmed by a Senate controlled by the other party.
Speaker: chuck todd
About the speaker: Chuck Todd is a political analyst and reporter for NBC and MSNBC.
Date: January 30, 2022
Topics: congress;supreme court
Context: remarks on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Todd said, "Clarence Thomas is about to become the only member of the current Supreme Court who was nominated by a president of one party and confirmed by a Senate controlled by the other party." Thomas is the only current member of the Supreme Court to be nominated by a president of one party and confirmed by a Senate of the other. All told, 12 of the 15 successful nominees since 1980 have been nominated by a president of one party and confirmed by a Senate of the same party. However, Todd’s phrasing suggests that Thomas’ status as the only justice confirmed by the opposite party would be new, when it’s actually the case now. We rate the statement .
Statement: Since the president became the president, we have lost 3.3 million jobs in the private sector. But you know who's done OK and who's not complaining today? The public sector. We've gained 590,000 public sector jobs.
Speaker: steve latourette
About the speaker: Steve LaTourette, a Republican, is a former member of the House of Representatives from Ohio's 14th Congressional District. He served from 1995 to 2013.
Date: July 6, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;federal budget
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: The distinction for the census is crucial here because it was LaTourette who said that "as a result" of stimulating the economy, the public sector gained 590,000 jobs. The government gained the jobs, but the stimulus had little to do with it. The hiring was planned before Obama became president, as were the rapid-fire census terminations occurring now . By saying there was a cause and effect, LaTourette went off the mark, but he was accurate with his private-sector number, so we rate his  . Comment on this item .
Statement: Medicare spends "$15-billion a year on subsidies to insurance companies.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 15, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Hempstead, N.Y
Fact-check justification: The programs tend to have a lower co-payment for prescription drugs and premiums for medical services. "Does some of that stick to their (insurance company) fingers, of course," Antos said. It's Obama's interpretation when he calls the added payments for MA programs insurance company "subsidies" or "giveaways." But Obama is on solid ground when he estimates that the government spends about $15-billion a year extra on the private MA program than on traditional Medicare, particularly as we move forward in coming years. And so we rate his statement .
Statement: My husband has not withheld a single document.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: November 4, 2007
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: Clinton, Iowa
Fact-check justification: To withhold a document, Bill Clinton would have to assert that a document falls under one of those protected categories. However, the former president can take as long as he wishes to review the records, and there's nothing to stop him or his designee from being especially slow about reviewing documents he'd rather not see made public. Even if you don't presume such cynical motives, it's  that President Clinton could be making documents available more quickly by speeding up his own review. We're withholding a  despite Clinton's technical accuracy because most people who hear her statement will take it to mean the former president isn't holding documents back that could be released, and that's not the whole story. We rate it .
Statement: Mexican government officials "hand out brochures showing individuals how they can avoid our Border Patrol, how they can get into our country.
Speaker: lamar smith
About the speaker: Lamar Smith is a Republican congressman from a San Antonio-based district in Texas. He became chairman of the House Judiciary Committee in January 2011.
Date: May 20, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview with the Fox News Network
Fact-check justification: We found no  to support that statement. Also, the congressman's description of the "Guia del Migrante Mexicano" -- that it tells how to avoid the Border Patrol -- was . While two illustrations appear to show migrants in flight from law officers, the text does not contain information on how to avoid law enforcement while crossing over. In fact, it advises cooperation if apprehended.   We rate Smith's statement as .
Statement: Florida Sheriff: Blacks should learn to act like white people in order to stay alive.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 26, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: crime;race and ethnicity
Context: posts on social media
Fact-check justification: A headline that appeared on many websites quoted a Florida sheriff as saying "blacks should learn to act like white people in order to stay alive." The articles include video clips of Escambia Sheriff David Morgan giving a Rotary Club address about black-on-white crime and the local outrage over the shooting of a black man by two white police officers. The stories use real quotes from Morgan, but not the one given most prominence in the headline. We listened to the clips and did not hear Morgan make that particular statement. We rate this  .
Statement: Malawi has just 300 doctors for 16 million people.
Speaker: actionaid uk
About the speaker: ActionAid UK advocates to reduce poverty and injustice worldwide.
Date: February 2, 2016
Topics: global news service;public health
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: ActionAid UK said that Malawi has 300 doctors to treat 16 million people. A current estimate puts that figure closer to 600. And as experts note, the statistic overlooks the clinical officers and medical assistant who play at least as important a role as physicians, especially in Malawi’s rural areas. That said, relative to the size of the population, Malawi suffers from a critical shortage of health care workers -- of any sort. The numbers ActionAid offered might not be perfect. But the broader point the group is making is largely accurate. We rate this  .
Statement: Says "Marco Rubio wanted to cut Social Security and Medicare because he said they're bankrupting our country.
Speaker: senate majority pac
About the speaker: Senate Majority PAC is a super PAC that works to elect Democrats to the U.S. Senate.
Date: September 14, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: medicare;social security
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: TV ads say that Marco Rubio "wanted to cut Social Security and Medicare because he said they’re bankrupting our country." Rubio has repeatedly said since 2010 that those programs will bankrupt the United States. His plan to raise the retirement age would amount to a cut for those recipients. He supported the Ryan budgets that included reductions in future Medicare spending. The ad omits that his proposals to change Social Security would not affect current retirees or people nearing retirement. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/d762ddfa-11ce-492e-a130-d0cff8b7438e
Statement: We are about halfway" to the president's goal to cut greenhouse gas emissions and "about half of that is because of the substitution of natural gas for coal in the power sector.
Speaker: ernest moniz
About the speaker: Ernest Moniz served in as the associate director for Science in the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office of President Bill Clinton from 1995 to 1997 and in the U.S. Department of Energy, serving as Under Secretary of Energy, from 1997 to 2001. He joined the faculty of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1973, serving as Head of the Department of Physics from 1991 to 1995 and as director of the Bates Linear Accelerator Center. He also co-chairs the MIT research council.
Date: August 26, 2013
Location: national
Topics: environment;energy
Context: a question and answer session at Columbia University
Fact-check justification: Moniz said the country is "about halfway" toward the president’s goal of a 17 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 compared to 2005 levels. In terms of carbon dioxide, Moniz is correct, but when looking at all greenhouse gases, data from the EPA suggests the country has a little more progress to make. We rate the statement .
Statement: The Atlantic published a story titled "Quiet Courage of Biden's Negative Growth Economy
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 30, 2022
Topics: economy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post shared a fabricated screenshot meant to look like a real article from The Atlantic praising President Biden following news that the United States economy had shrunk. A spokesperson for The Atlantic confirmed the image is a  and said the publication does not employ anyone using the name featured in the screenshot, although a person with a similar name is employed as a contributing writer. We rate this .
Statement: The White House Visitor Center is displaying a photo of a fake President Joe Biden.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 6, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But it is the same guy, just 11 years apart. Another image in the post shows a photo of Biden below a portrait of former Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy. It appears to come from the White House Visitor Center’s display of presidential portraits, though the White House Historical Association didn’t respond to PolitiFact’s questions about this post.   The photo in question is Biden’s official presidential portrait . We rate claims that the White House Visitor Center is displaying a photo of a  Biden !