chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: An anti-vaccine activist documented intimidation tactics used against her the day before she was killed.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 17, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The Santa Barbara County Sheriff’s Coroner’s Office also ruled that Vaughan wasn’t killed. She died of natural causes, according to findings from its death investigation that were made public in February 2021. The investigation included an autopsy, in-depth toxicology screening, interviews and a medical record review, the office said in a statement posted on its website. The cause of death was a bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism, a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs that in most cases is caused by a blood clot, according to the Mayo Clinic . We rate claims that this video shows Vaughan documenting intimidation against her the day before she was killed .
Statement: Says Florida's economy "is largely propped up on low-wage work.
Speaker: andrew gillum
About the speaker: Andrew Gillum won the Florida primary for governor in August 2018 and lost the November election to Ron DeSantis. He is a former mayor of Tallahassee and member of the Tallahassee city commission.
Date: September 30, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: economy
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Gillum said that Florida’s economy was propped up on low-wage jobs. We found that some of Florida’s job growth has been in low-wage jobs, and that the median wage level is the lowest in 11 years. However, there has been job growth in higher-paying jobs as well, and Florida is ranked 26th in low-wage jobs compared to other states. Gillum has a point but additional context is needed. We rate this  .
Statement: CDC COVID-19 survival rates" are 99.997% for people ages 0 to 19, 99.98% for people ages 20 to 49, 99.5% for people ages 50 to 69, and 94.6% for people over 70.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: December 16, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A tweet said "CDC COVID-19 survival rates" are 99.997% for people ages 0 to 19, 99.98% for people ages 20 to 49, 99.5% for people ages 50 to 69, and 94.6% for people over 70. The CDC has not released survival rates, and it doesn’t have the data to do so. It’s not clear where the tweet’s numbers came from, but they correspond with figures listed as part of CDC "planning scenarios" used for planning a pandemic response. We rate this post .
Statement: Most federal employees do not have collective bargaining for benefits, nor for pay.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: February 27, 2011
Location: national
Topics: labor;state budget
Context: an interview on NBC's 'Meet the Press'
Fact-check justification: Said Owley: "We bargain every kind of working condition imaginable." Bottom line, negotiations over working conditions are important, and so Walker's larger point -- that he is asking for  "something less restrictive than what the federal government has" -- is debatable. But in saying that most federal workers don't have collective bargaining rights to benefits and pay, though, Walker is accurate. Although there are some federal workers who have collective bargaining rights for benefits and pay, "most" do not. And so we rate his comment .
Statement: A few months ago when you were asked what's the biggest geopolitical threat facing America, you said Russia.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 22, 2012
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;debates;foreign policy
Context: a presidential debate
Fact-check justification:     In the debate, Obama said Romney called Russia "the biggest geopolitical threat facing America." Actually, Romney has twice drawn the distinction between his concerns about Iran and Russia. He has called Russia the biggest geopolitical foe or enemy for the U.S., but he has said the biggest threat is Iran. We rate Obama’s statement .
Statement: Today Russia holds many of our most precious national security satellites at risk before they ever get off the ground.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: January 27, 2016
Location: arizona
Topics: space
Context: a committee hearing
Fact-check justification: McCain said, "Today Russia holds many of our most precious national security satellites at risk before they ever get off the ground." That’s correct, though the level to which that represents a risk, as McCain said, is somewhat unknown. Russia did at one point threaten to stop exporting the Russian-made engines fueling the U.S. satellite program. But it didn’t follow through. The U.S. government’s goal is to eventually end this dependence on Russian-made engines, but, for now, that is not the case. McCain’s statement is accurate but needs additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Says he was endorsed by the Valley News newspaper.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: February 3, 2016
Location: new hampshire
Topics: elections
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: A Bernie Sanders political ad said he had been endorsed by the Valley News newspaper and implied he had been endorsed by The Telegraph of Nashua. While each paper published laudatory editorials about the Vermont senator, neither one has so far offered him an official endorsement. In the context of an ad titled "Endorsed," full of unions and other organizations that have in fact endorsed Sanders, the spotlighting of quotes from New Hampshire newspapers would suggest that the papers had made the same decision. The campaign’s decision to alter the ad improves its technical accuracy, but the  impression remains. We rate the ad’s  .
Statement: Newgard owed more than $13,000 for unpaid taxes on his $1 million Milwaukie apartment complex.
Speaker: future pac (oregon house democrats)
About the speaker: Future PAC is the campaign committee for Oregon House Democrats.
Date: September 20, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: message machine 2012;taxes
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: A $300,000 rental property doesn’t have the same ring as a $1 million one. Late Wednesday House Democrats shared a new version of the ad. There is no mention of the value of the property and no image of one either. We like how quickly Democrats work. We still rate the statement .
Statement: Says Donald Trump contradicted his own administration when he said the decision to allow blueprints for 3D-printed guns to be distributed "doesn't seem to make much sense.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 31, 2018
Topics: foreign policy;trade;punditfact;guns
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A headline suggested that the government settlement that would have made 3D-printable guns available for download was actually a Trump administration decision, and that Trump said that didn't "make much sense." We could not independently determine the extent of Trump’s involvement, although Sanders said the president was not afforded the opportunity to approve of the settlement decision. But the State Department under Trump did initiate the settlement after previously taking steps to clear a path for it. However, the Obama administration’s export control reform made those steps possible, and it is not far-fetched to consider the Trump administration’s move a continuation of that initiative. We rate this statement .
Statement: As a result of National Rifle Association and other private-sector (safety-education) programs, fatal firearms accidents are at the lowest level in 100 years.
Speaker: wayne lapierre
About the speaker: Wayne LaPierre is executive vice president of the National Rifle Association.
Date: January 30, 2013
Location: national
Topics: crime;guns
Context: testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee
Fact-check justification:     LaPierre was very close to being right about his carefully framed statistic: Despite significant population growth, unintentional firearms deaths fell to a 106-year low in 2009 before tracking up slightly in 2010. But while LaPierre is probably right that NRA-sponsored safety programs played a role in this decline, improvements in trauma care -- something LaPierre didn’t cite -- likely played as big a role as well, if not a bigger role. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Casualties and deaths are at (their) lowest point since literally the beginning" of the war.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: June 2, 2008
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: Nashville, Tenn
Fact-check justification: Iraq Coalition Casualty Count's total was 506, which exceeded the number of Iraqi deaths in both March and April of 2005 (the site does not have monthly statistics prior to 2005). No U.S. government agency tracks Iraqi deaths, Melnyk said. So by any reasonable measure, McCain was  to say casualties were at their lowest point since the beginning of the war. But he was right to make that  about U.S. military deaths. We rate his  .
Statement: Americans "would run out of avocados in three weeks" if imports from Mexico were stopped due to a border closure.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 1, 2019
Location: california
Topics: agriculture;immigration;food
Context: news articles and blogs
Fact-check justification: Experts agreed the Mexican inventory would run out within weeks. It’s possible, however, that price spikes would dampen demand for avocados and that customers willing to pay a hefty price would still find the celebrated fruit. We rate the  .   – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Since Sherrod Brown and the Democrats "rammed" the economic stimulus bill through, "Ohio's unemployment rate has risen to 9.6 percent, above the national average.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: February 17, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: federal budget;jobs;stimulus
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: With the brief exception of last November, you’d have to go back to 2002 to find a time when Ohio didn’t lag the nation in employment. And it ignores that Ohio’s unemployment rate has fallen for nine straight months. Context is important here because numbers can be cherry-picked too easily. And these facts are important for a listener to put the statement in proper context. That’s why we say the NRSC’s  is .
Statement: In Cuyahoga County ... 56 percent of weekend voters in 2008 were African American while adult African Americans comprise 28 percent of the county population.
Speaker: marcia fudge
About the speaker: Rep. Marcia Fudge, a Democrat from Warrensville Heights, is the congresswoman from Ohio's 11th district. Prior to her election to the House of Representatives, she was mayor of Warrensville Heights.
 
Date: August 24, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: elections
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Keeter noted that 2008 exit polling data in Ohio found that 16 percent of those who voted early - either by mail or in-person - were black voters, while 9 percent of in-person voters were black. "African-Americans statewide do appear to have made heavier use of early voting, but the exit poll did not ask how a vote was cast, so we can’t be sure that this pattern is  a result of EIP voting," said an email from Keeter. Robbins research, though, was able to break out the EIP population. Fudge drew her statistics, which she cited accurately, from a research study that stated that 56 percent of the 2008 Cuyahoga county voters voted who cast ballots on weekends before the election were African American and that 28 percent of the county’s voting age population is African American. On the -O-Meter, Fudge’s  rates .
Statement: When President, then candidate, Obama was asked to disclose some of his donors because there was suspicion of their being the foreign source of money into his campaign, they refused to do it.
Speaker: michael steele
About the speaker: Michael Steele is the chairman of the Republican National Committee. He was formerly the lieutenant governor of Maryland, serving from 2003 to 2007.
Date: October 24, 2010
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;transparency
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: The campaign had names, and in most cases assurances from the donors, that they were American citizens. The allegation in the Washington Post story was that the campaign's vetting of foreign donations was not stringent enough up front. There was no issue of the Obama campaign willfully refusing to disclose the names of foreign donors. In fact, it was the disclosure of those names that allowed AP reporters to discover some of the donations were improper.    And so we rate Steele's comment .
Statement: Says Rick Perry recently said he "wanted another (Texas) business tax.
Speaker: kathie glass
About the speaker: Kathie Glass, a Georgia native, was the 2010 Libertarian candidate for governor. She moved to Texas on July 7, 1977 and got involved in the Libertarian Party in 1978, according to her campaign website. She ran for attorney general of Texas in 1982.
Date: October 19, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: He should have been there" at the debate. She was referring to Perry's refusal to join any debate with White unless White released additional tax returns. Our conclusion is that Glass's statement greatly distorts the Chronicle story which--if Perry had called for a new tax--would have landed on the front page. In fact, we smell smoke. !
Statement: An average of nearly 5,000 Missourians were contracting COVID every day in November.
Speaker: missouri house democratic caucus
About the speaker: The Missouri House Democratic Caucus consists of Democratic legislators in the Misouri state House.
Date: March 22, 2021
Location: missouri
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The Missouri House Democratic Caucus said that "an average of nearly 5,000 Missourians were contracting COVID every day in November."  This is an exaggeration. November was Missouri’s peak in COVID-19 cases, and daily new-case numbers were in the thousands, but to say that the average was near 5,000 every day is . We rate this statement .
Statement: In terms of the wealthiest Americans, we're at the lowest tax rate since the 1950s.
Speaker: debbie wasserman schultz
About the speaker: Debbie Wasserman Schultz became the chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee in 2011 and resigned in July 2016. The Florida Democrat was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004 after serving in the state senate. She represents Congressional District 23 in Broward and Miami-Dade counties.
Date: September 12, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: taxes
Context: Tampa
Fact-check justification: We won't go through the complicated analysis again -- you can read it here if you like . Suffice it to say, effective tax rates for high-earning Americans are either at their lowest level since 1960 or at least very close to their lowest level. As for Wasserman Schultz, she said: "In terms of the wealthiest Americans, we're at the lowest tax rate since the 1950s." Since 1960 the top marginal income tax rates -- the most common way to measure Wasserman Schultz's statement -- were lower only between 1988 and 1992 than they are today. With that caveat, we rate her  .
Statement: A lawyer demanded "several Houston pastors hand over to the city government many of their private papers, including their sermons.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: October 15, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: city government;legal issues;religion
Context: a letter to David Feldman, Houston's city attorney
Fact-check justification: Five subpoenas, submitted by the City of Houston, required pastors to furnish sermons and personal communications with members of their congregation. We rate this statement .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: President Obama is attacking Paul Ryan on Medicare even though it is his administration with the help of Jim Langevin who cut $716 billion from Medicare.
Speaker: michael riley
About the speaker: Michael G. Riley, a Narragansett businessman who calls himself a "small-government and free-market Republican," made an unsuccessful bid for Congress in the 2nd Congressional District in 2012. He is co-founder of the Coastal Management Group, a consulting and investment company. He has served on the Narragansett Pension Board and Charter Review Commission.
Date: August 16, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: medicare
Context: a post on Riley’s Facebook campaign page
Fact-check justification: Congressional candidate Michael Riley says that with the help of U.S. Rep. Jim Langevin, President Obama "cut $716 billion from Medicare." Mr. Obama did direct $716 billion away from future Medicare spending as part of his health care reform law. But calling it a cut leaves the impression that the $716 billion is being taken from money already allocated. That’s not the case.   The debate, however, continues over whether benefits are in jeopardy. In the meantime, the Congressional Budget Office says the move eases the burden of Medicare’s current deficit. Because the statement is "partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context," we rate it  . (Get updates from PolitiFact Rhode Island on Twitter: @politifactri . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: While serving as Town Supervisor, Nate McMurray voted to raise taxes on homeowners.
Speaker: chris jacobs
About the speaker: Chris Jacobs is a candidate for New York State Senate District 60. He currently serves as Erie County Clerk.
Date: October 22, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: taxes
Context: campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Jacobs said McMurray voted to raise taxes on homeowners while he was town supervisor on Grand Island.  McMurray said that he raised taxes slightly while he was supervisor, which is corroborated by other documents. He also said that he couldn’t do anything unilaterally, and that he was a member of a five-member board.  We rate Jacobs’  .
Statement: A proposed mine in Wisconsin is "about two-thirds the size of Lake Winnebago.
Speaker: penny bernard schaber
About the speaker: Penny Bernard Schaber was elected to the Wisconsin Assembly in 2008. The Appleton Democrat is a retired physical therapist.
Date: January 27, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment;water
Context: a legislative hearing
Fact-check justification: But at the hearing Bernard Schaber -- who spoke of biking around the lake -- was clearly referring to area, not volume. Our rating Bernard Schaber said "the central size" of a mine proposed for far northern Wisconsin "could be about two-thirds the size of Lake Winnebago." There’s an element of  in her statement, in terms of volume. But she lacks  to back her central , which was area. We rate her statement .
Statement: The CDC has removed the 'Covid-19 Pandemic' and replaced it with 'Covid-19 Outbreak' on their website. It was never a pandemic.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 8, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims, "The CDC has removed the ‘Covid-19 Pandemic’ and replaced it with ‘Covid-19 Outbreak’ on their website. It was never a pandemic." The CDC website’s homepage currently refers to the "novel coronavirus outbreak," and has been using that term since January. But there is no  the CDC removed the word "pandemic" to replace it with "outbreak."  The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March, and the CDC website still refers to "the COVID-19 pandemic" on several of its pages. We rate this  !