chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: You have to get a license to fish on our beaches.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: September 18, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: government regulation;recreation
Context: a conversation with workers
Fact-check justification: Actually, there are a lot of regulations and exemptions with all fishing licenses, and you can read more about them from FWC here . (If you want to avoid registration altogether, the state offers two upcoming license-free saltwater fishing days on Oct. 12 and Nov. 30.) Scott may have said he wants to get rid of the requirement, but his press office said there are no plans to formally propose a repeal. As for his statement about needing a license to fish on the beach, we found nothing fishy about it. We rate his  .
Statement: When the United States "first created the federal income tax, frankly, nobody below a million dollars a year paid anything.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: April 8, 2010
Location: national
Topics: history;taxes
Context: a speech to the Southern Republican Leadership Conference
Fact-check justification: Gingrich has a point that lots of taxpayers were indeed fully exempt from federal taxation in 1913. The exemption levels were equal to nearly $66,000 and $88,000, respectively, in today's dollars -- incomes that today would place one comfortably into the middle class. But to us, it's not enough to make up for his ignoring several million Americans when he claimed that "nobody below a million dollars a year paid anything" in federal income taxes. Someone who earns $88,000 is far from a millionaire. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Ilhan Omar called for "violence" against President Trump over Middle East dispute.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 5, 2020
Topics: fake news;iran;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Alex Kaplan , a researcher for the liberal group Media Matters for America reported on Jan. 4 that the account had been suspended. In a Twitter thread, Kaplan wrote that the  account pretending to be Fox News posted the altered Omar tweet, and has posted several other hoaxes involving other public figures in the past. A new  Twitter account pretending to be Fox News posted a  tweet from @IlhanMN that has 1,300 retweets and has spread on Facebook. pic.twitter.com/p6QLQfjamd While the  account was reportedly suspended by Twitter shortly after it posted the doctored tweet, screenshots of it continue to be shared on social media. We rate this !
Statement: More than one person, on average, a day is murdered in Philadelphia.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: April 16, 2008
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: Philadelphia
Fact-check justification: This year, though, murders have declined since the beginning of the year. The home page of the Philadelphia Police Department tracks the year's murders, and the day after the Philadelphia debate, the number stood at 87, down from 114 on the same date a year ago. At that rate, the murder rate is about 20 percent less than a murder a day. So previous year's statistics do bear out Clinton's point, but the statistics for 2008 do not. For this reason, we find her statement to be .
Statement: Says the state budget "doubled property tax credits for seniors and middle class New Jerseyans" and had "no tax increases for any New Jersey family for the second year in a row.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: July 12, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: The governor’s right about the property tax credits being doubled, even though they’ll remain below the fiscal 2010 average. It’s  that the rates for the state’s three major taxes have remained the same. But three tax credit programs were reduced in fiscal 2011, and several experts said at least one of those reductions could represent a tax hike. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: At UNC 14% of students tested positive.
Speaker: chris murphy
About the speaker: Chris Murphy is a Democratic member of the U.S. Senate from Connecticut. He previously represented a district in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Date: August 18, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Murphy tweeted that "at UNC 14% of students tested positive." Someone who reads Murphy’s tweet could understand that he’s referring to the small sample of students who were tested. But, on its face, the tweet could give the impression that more than 2,600 students contracted COVID-19. That’s not the case. It would have been more accurate to tweet that 14% of tests were positive, rather than students. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Recent international reports show the United States near the bottom among industrialized nations for k-12 academic achievement.
Speaker: chip rogers
About the speaker: State Senator Chip Rogers is a Republican from Woodstock.
Date: July 11, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: a town hall meeting
Fact-check justification: So back to Rogers and his . The most recent international reports that include developed nations show American students are in the bottom third in math, in the middle in science and in the upper third in reading. The results don’t entirely back up the senator’s . They show he’s partially accurate. We rate his  as .
Statement: President Barack Obama has deported more people in his first year in office than George W. Bush in his last year in office.
Speaker: jorge ramos
About the speaker: Jorge Ramos is a journalist and anchor for Univision, a Spanish-language network airing the United States. He also hosts America with Jorge Ramos in English on Fusion TV.
Date: July 4, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;legal issues;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's 'This Week'
Fact-check justification: That number was 227,163. If you prorate that amount to a full 12 months, you get a full-year total of 330,419 -- which is less than each of the two previous years. However, immigration experts said that deportations are not spaced equally throughout the year, meaning that prorating is not necessarily valid.    In our view, these caveats add a bit of uncertainty to Ramos' otherwise clear comparison. So we rate his statement .
Statement: The truth is David Cicilline voted for tougher laws against child abusers, domestic abusers and abusers of the elderly.
Speaker: david cicilline
About the speaker: David Cicilline was elected to the 1st Congressional District in 2010. Before that, he was mayor of Providence, beginning in January, 2003. A Brown University graduate, he received his law degree from Georgetown University Law Center.
Date: October 23, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: children;crime;message machine 2012;voting record
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Cicilline campaign TV ad says Cicilline, as a state representative, voted for tougher anti-crime bills. We verified that Cicilline supported the bills cited in the ad, though not all of them became law. We find his statement . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Says Ronald Reagan "reversed his world's 'largest tax cut' and raised taxes when revenues did not match the expectations.
Speaker: stephen colbert
About the speaker: Stephen Colbert is the host of CBS' The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. Previously, he worked for Comedy Central as host of The Colbert Report, and he also starred on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart.
Date: September 21, 2015
Topics: taxes;punditfact
Context: an interview with Ted Cruz
Fact-check justification: Responding to Cruz’s assertion that Reagan "signed the largest tax cut in history," Colbert said he "reversed" it and "raised taxes when revenues did not match the expectations." Legislation that Reagan signed over his time in office and raised taxes did not completely reverse the 1981 Economic Recovery Tax Act. But the broader point Colbert makes is on point. Reagan agreed to raise taxes to deal with budget deficits, even if he wasn’t enthusiastic about it. We rate the  .
Statement: As secretary of state, (Hillary Clinton) worked hard to get strong sanctions against Iran's nuclear program" and "got Russia and China to support them.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: July 26, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;foreign policy;nuclear
Context: Philadelphia
Fact-check justification: Bill Clinton said, "As secretary of state, (Hillary Clinton) worked hard to get strong sanctions against Iran's nuclear program" and "got Russia and China to support them." During Hillary Clinton’s first 18 months as secretary, the State Department led the global effort to increase sanctions on Iran — notably getting Russia and China on board — culminating in an important U.N. resolution. Clinton was personally involved in these diplomatic efforts and pushed them publicly. Experts said these sanctions, on top of other sanctions passed before and after, were crucial to getting Iran to the negotiating table. However, Clinton wasn’t singularly responsible for the sanctions or getting China and Russia to support them, just as the sanctions passed under her watch likely weren’t singularly responsible for opening up Iran to talks. We rate Bill Clinton’s statement .
Statement: If you are a federally licensed gun dealer and your license is revoked because you've engaged in misconduct ... your entire inventory under prevailing law is deemed your personal collection. You then can sell it free from any background checks.
Speaker: david cicilline
About the speaker: David Cicilline was elected to the 1st Congressional District in 2010. Before that, he was mayor of Providence, beginning in January, 2003. A Brown University graduate, he received his law degree from Georgetown University Law Center.
Date: April 19, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: guns
Context: an appearance on 10 News Conference
Fact-check justification: Cicilline said that "if you are a federally-licensed gun dealer and your license is revoked because you've engaged in misconduct or because you've sold guns to people who shouldn't have them (if) your license is revoked, your entire inventory under prevailing law is deemed your personal collection …You then can sell it free from any background checks. So we reward bad behavior." An ATF spokeswoman confirmed that is . And examples of ex-dealers selling their inventories have occurred and been documented. We rate the   . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Says David Prosser = Scott Walker.
Speaker: greater wisconsin committee
About the speaker: The Greater Wisconsin Committee is a liberal group active in Wisconsin state politics, from legislative races to statewide offices. It receives money from a variety of sources, including labor unions. Its campaign ads are typically done through the Greater Wisconsin Political Fund.
Date: March 30, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;labor;state budget
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Let’s assess where we’ve come. In comparing Prosser and Walker, the Greater Wisconsin Committee cites votes the two men made in the Legislature and votes Prosser cast on the Supreme Court -- neither of which amount to strong . Some of Prosser’s own statements, however, indicate a strong similarity between his beliefs and Walker’s. Here is the PolitiFact definition for : "The statement is generally accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context." Here’s our ruling on the : .
Statement: About 85 percent of hotel guests who will pay the new $5 hotel/motel fee will be from outside Georgia.
Speaker: jay roberts
About the speaker: Jay Roberts is a former state representative from Ocilla who was appointed to Planning Director for the Georgia Department of Transportation after the 2015 Legislative session.
Date: March 31, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: tourism;transportation
Context: a House floor debate
Fact-check justification: The state lawmaker who helped Georgia pass a nearly $900 million bill to tackle the state’s backlog of road and bridge work said a hotel fee in the bill would help shift the burden to out-of-state visitors. Jay Roberts was correct with his numbers, at least in the largest hotel market in the state. But hoteliers have a point that the fee could hit more Georgians in the state’s smaller cities and regions, even if the numbers vary by the type of visitors staying. Roberts implied the 85 percent out-of-state figure was statewide, even if his citation was clearly only for metro Atlanta. He was accurate, but the statistic needs more information to be fully understood. We rate his  .
Statement: Says his father-in-law, former Gov. Linwood Holton, "integrated Virginia public schools.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: August 4, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: civil rights;education;history
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Kaine often says that Holton, his father-in-law, "integrated Virginia public schools." He offers no qualifications and creates an  impression that Holton, as governor, ordered the opening of all state school doors to all students. The technical credit belongs to the courts, which outlawed segregated schools in 1954 and for years afterward closed loopholes fashioned by politicians in Virginia and other Southern states. Those efforts were stymied in Virginia in 1970 by court-ordered busing. Holton’s symbolic efforts, however, can’t be dismissed. Unlike Virginia governors before him, he embraced integration. Unlike his predecessors, he didn’t contest court orders. And in a small but significant way, it can be said that he helped to integrate Virginia schools by enrolling his three children in predominantly black schools. So on the whole, we rate Kaine’s statement .
Statement: Says that "on average, Democratic congressional districts received 81 percent more stimulus funds than Republican districts.
Speaker: kay bailey hutchison
About the speaker: Kay Bailey Hutchison, initially elected to the U.S. Senate in 1993, did not seek re-election in 2012. She ran for governor in 2010, losing the Republican nomination to incumbent Rick Perry.
Date: November 22, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: stimulus
Context: an op-ed piece
Fact-check justification: To the -O-Meter: Hutchison's statement accurately draws from a researcher's analysis showing that 81 percent of $170 billion in stimulus grants and contracts went to congressional districts represented by Democrats. However, after an analyst suggested that stimulus data from districts with state capitals tended to skew the results, the researcher re-ran her analysis while excluding those districts. Using that methodology, Democratic districts on average received 29 percent more stimulus funds than GOP districts — not 81 percent. Hutchison also fails to note that the $170 billion being scrutinized is about one-fifth of total stimulus spending, not the whole package. We rate Hutchison's statement .
Statement: Says the Chicago Police Department tweeted, "We are all Derek Chauvin.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 24, 2021
Topics: corrections and updates;criminal justice;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We also didn’t find any  that the department tweeted and then deleted the message.   But on May 29, 2020, the department did appear to weigh in on George Floyd’s death. Sharing a video of Chicago Police Superintendent David Brown, the department tweeted : "What happened to George Floyd is reprehensible. As CPD works to ensure you have the ability to express your First Amendment rights, we ask you to do it in a safe and peaceful manner." We rate this post .
Statement: Says the state is required "pick up 70 percent of the cost" of K-12 education.
Speaker: john kitzhaber
About the speaker: John Kitzhaber, a Democrat, was governor of Oregon for two terms, starting in 1995. He was inaugurated in 2011 for an unprecedented third term.
He was elected to the Oregon Legislature in 1978, rising to the position of Senate President. He spearheaded the Oregon Health Plan as a legislator and as governor. Kitzhaber graduated from Dartmouth College and the University of Oregon Medical School (now Oregon Health & Science University). He worked as an emergency room physician in Roseburg from 1974 to 1988.
Date: November 10, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: That’s really only the case if you don’t include federal funds in the entire K-12 budget. Moreover, the state isn’t "required" to fund to any level. Historically, the state has stepped up to fill that "gap," as Cannon describes it, but there’s no commitment that it must. This statement contains an element of  but ignores some critical facts. We rate it .
Statement: There are more assault rifles, as I understand it, in the hands of private citizens than in the hands of the United States military. We're talking about 5 to 10 million assault weapons in the hands of private citizens.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: August 5, 2019
Location: national
Topics: military;guns
Context: a video on Twitter
Fact-check justification: Sanders said: "There are more assault rifles, as I understand it, in the hands of private citizens than in the hands of the United States military. We're talking about 5 (million) to 10 million assault weapons in the hands of private citizens." There are no official counts of assault-style weapons, either in private hands or in the U.S. military. But estimates that the civilian figure could be 5 million or more appear to be conservative and would exceed the estimated number of all weapons in the military. At the same time, those are semiautomatic weapons, not fully automatic like those used in the military. We rate Sanders’ statement .
Statement: Says that after the overdose death of a Tomah VA veteran, she "brought both parties together to help pass a law" to "make the VA accountable and also to stop the overprescribing of" opioids.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: September 26, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;veterans
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Our rating A Baldwin campaign ad claims she "brought both parties together to help pass a law" to "make the VA accountable and also to stop the overprescribing of" opioids. The action came only after the overprescription scandal made headlines -- something ignored in the ad. Likewise, the ad sidesteps key missteps by Baldwin’s own office. Nevertheless, the claims in this ad are narrowly drawn. We rate Baldwin’s  .