chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The Clinton Foundation "took steps that went above and beyond all legal requirements and, indeed, all standard requirements followed by every other charitable organization.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: August 24, 2016
Location: national
Topics: ethics;transparency
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Clinton said the Clinton Foundation "took steps that went above and beyond all legal requirements and, indeed, all standard requirements followed by every other charitable organization." The law does not require the Clinton Foundation to disclose donors or roll back foreign donations, but the disclosure requirements are rather minimal to begin with. It’s important to note that the Clinton Foundation, already unique in its size, function and relationship to two presidential figures, agreed to take these steps only when Clinton was nominated as secretary of state. Among presidents and presidential candidates, foundations affiliated with Jeb Bush, Obama and Carter have all been forthcoming about their donations and finances. We rate Clinton’s  .
Statement: The United States has seen "a net loss of people with health insurance" because of Obamacare.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: March 13, 2014
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicaid;public health
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Boehner said the Affordable Care Act so far has caused "a net loss of people with health insurance." Boehner's logic is based on reports that about 5 million had their insurance policies canceled while 4.2 million signed up for policies on the state and federal marketplaces. It's bad math for two reasons. First, most of the people who lost their insurance have seen those policies extended to them through an administrative fix, or they received new coverage through their previous insurer or they bought a new plan. Second, he ignores the millions of people who bought coverage off the exchange, those who gained coverage through Medicaid and the under-26 crowd able to remain on their parents' insurance. We don't yet know how many new Americans will ultimately gain coverage. But every indicator right now suggests it will be a net gain. We rate Boehner's statement .
Statement: Says wearing masks has been "proven ineffective.
Speaker: michael schraa
About the speaker: Michael Schraa is an American businessman and politician. Born in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, Schraa attended University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. Schraa is a business owner and former stock broker. In November 2012, Schraa was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly, as a Republican. 
Date: July 24, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: Interview
Fact-check justification: The sources Schraa has linked to in online conversations about mask usage include stories from SOTT.net, which has landed on a  list of sites  found to be publishing misinformation about the coronavirus, and a video featuring an Infowars host on the website banned.video.   The sources that back up claims of mask effectiveness, stem from large research universities, prominent labs and medical journals, and the CDC.   Our rating  In a critique of local governments’ ability to require people to wear masks, Schraa said that masks are "proven ineffective" at cutting down transmission of the coronavirus.   But a growing number of studies — and a growing consensus among leaders, including President Trump — have shown the opposite to be . We rate the  .
Statement: The Earth is not warming.
Speaker: barry smitherman
About the speaker: According to his Railroad Commission biographical information, Barry Smitherman was appointed to the state Public Utility Commission in 2004 and became chairman in 2007, then was appointed to the Railroad Commission in 2011 and became its chairman in 2012. Barry Smitherman lost his bid for attorney general of Texas in spring 2014.
Date: November 17, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: environment;climate change;corrections and updates;weather
Fact-check justification: Smitherman said the Earth is not warming. To the contrary, national, international and Texas climate authorities concur that the planet is warming. They also warn against cherry-picking individual climatic indicators or timeframes to conclude otherwise. That makes sense to us. In the end, this  strikes us as both unfounded and . !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. CLARIFICATION, 10:36 a.m., Dec. 13, 2013 : This story was amended to show that Nielsen-Gammon was referring to a steady rise  in ocean heat content, not surface temperatures. This change did not affect our rating.
Statement: People with the COVID-19 vaccine are being "tracked in real time via 5G cellular, and all that data can be hacked into to track you.
Speaker: hal turner radio show
About the speaker: Hal Turner uses internet and radio broadcasts to float conspiracy theories and hate speech. In 2010, he was sentenced to 33 months in prison for threatening three federal judges over their decision to uphold handgun bans in Chicago.
Date: May 20, 2021
Topics: health care;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Turner posted a video on his website that claims to show a Russian hacker accessing information from a microchip that was injected into someone when they received a COVID-19 vaccination. That information can be used to track someone’s movements.  There is no  that any of the COVID-19 vaccines currently in use contain microchips or any ingredients with networking capabilities that allow people to be tracked. Similar claims about the vaccines have been debunked in the past. We rate this  !
Statement: It's not illegal to go inside the Capitol" as the Oath Keepers and other Jan. 6 rioters did.
Speaker: jonathon moseley
About the speaker: Jonathon Moseley is an attorney and political activist.
Date: February 1, 2022
Topics: congress;criminal justice;pundits;punditfact;jan. 6
Context: a TV segment
Fact-check justification: Moseley said that "it’s not illegal to go inside the Capitol" as the Oath Keepers and other Jan. 6 rioters did. The public can enter the Capitol when the building is open, assuming they abide by certain procedures and rules governing what’s allowed inside.  But the Jan. 6 rioters violently stormed the building on a day when it was closed to the public. They fought off police and knocked over the barriers that secured the outside before breaking in and entering restricted areas. Many carried weapons not allowed on Capitol grounds. We rate this  .
Statement: The people who want President Barack Obama impeached "are all white, they're all older, and guess what, they're in the far right wing of the Republican Party.
Speaker: juan williams
About the speaker: Juan Williams is a Fox pundit.
Date: August 3, 2014
Topics: polls and public opinion;punditfact
Context: comments on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Williams said that the people who want to impeach Obama are all white and all older and all are in the right wing of the Republican Party. "All" is going too far.  But the publicly available polling shows that the people who support impeachment are more likely to be white, conservative and older. In one poll, about a third of the public supported impeachment, while about two-thirds of tea partiers said they did. In another, 40 percent of whites supported impeachment compared to 10 percent of African-Americans.  The polling data bears out the general thrust of Williams' . We rate the statement .
Statement: The Gates Foundation "has the patent for this coronavirus.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 20, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: But as of now, they’re not listed on a future vaccine patent. We reached out to the Gates Foundation for comment. It pointed us to a fact-check from USA Today that debunks a similar .   The Facebook post is . We rate it .
Statement: Says Bob Saget died from the COVID-19 vaccine.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: January 10, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In a Jan. 5 episode of the podcast "A Corporate Time with Tom & Dan," Saget also talked about catching COVID-19. The timeframe is unclear, but Saget mentioned both the delta and omicron variants, saying, "I might have had a combo." What is clear: Claims that Saget died from the COVID-19 vaccine booster he joked about a month earlier are unfounded. His cause and manner of death have not been released.   We rate these posts .
Statement: The median male worker in this country has not seen a raise, inflation adjusted, for 30 years, basically.
Speaker: rana foroohar
About the speaker: Rana Foroohar is the assistant managing editor for Time magazine.
Date: January 10, 2014
Topics: economy;jobs;labor;workers;punditfact
Context: a CNN interview
Fact-check justification: Foroohar said, "the median male worker in this country has not seen a raise, inflation-adjusted, for 30 years, basically." Federal data for 1982-2012 shows a slight increase, though the numbers show the real value of median male earnings have been in the range of $46,840-$51,670 for about 40 years. We found another point of view that says the real median income has declined significantly once men without jobs are factored in. We also found a broader definition of income that changes the dynamic. Still, Foroohar clearly has a point. We rate her  .
Statement: Romneycare has … killed 18,000 Massachusetts jobs.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: October 10, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care;jobs;message machine 2012
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: In rating this statement, it’s certainly plausible that increased costs to business could cause them to create fewer jobs. But we’re reluctant to accept a specific number based on one study by a right-leaning economic group. We would be interested in numbers reached by other groups, particularly independent, nonpartisan groups. But we don’t have those to draw on in this analysis. More significantly, the Perry ad says that the health care plan "killed" 18,000 jobs. That certainly makes it sound as if existing jobs were destroyed. Instead, a hypothetical 18,000 jobs were never created in the first place. Given that Perry’s ad bases its  on one study and also  the study’s findings, we rate the statement .
Statement: Says that compared to Rick Baker's time as mayor, Kriseman "had wet weather events that he did not experience" that caused sewage spills. Baker "went through significant periods of drought during his time as mayor.
Speaker: rick kriseman
About the speaker: Rick Kriseman is a state representative representing parts of Pinellas County. He was first elected in 2006.
Date: June 24, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: infrastructure;weather
Context: a "Tampa Bay Times" article
Fact-check justification: Experts told us the weather was only slightly more favorable to Baker than Kriseman. Both mayors experienced significant rain events and some drought. While heavy rains played a role in the sewage spills, both the handling of the Albert Whitted plant as well as decades of city neglect put St. Petersburg's massive sewage problems into motion. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. So we rate this  .
Statement: Says "our unemployment insurance trust fund is broke. We're over a billion dollars in debt to the federal government.
Speaker: jay webber
About the speaker: Jay Webber is a Republican state Assemblyman representing parts of Essex, Morris and Passaic counties. Webber previously served as chairman of the state Republican Party.
 
Date: November 28, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs;state budget
Context: an NJToday interview
Fact-check justification: Webber claimed in a television interview that New Jersey’s "unemployment insurance trust fund is broke. We're over a billion dollars in debt to the federal government." The assemblyman’s statement is on target. New Jersey currently owes more than $1 billion to the federal government for money borrowed to pay unemployment benefits. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Eighty percent of the antibiotics in this country are fed to livestock.
Speaker: louise slaughter
About the speaker: Louise Slaughter is a Democratic congresswoman from New York. She formerly chaired the House Rules Committee when Democrats were in the majority.
Date: October 9, 2013
Location: national
Topics: environment;agriculture;animals;consumer safety;drugs;food safety;public health;science
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Slaughter said "80 percent of the antibiotics in this country are fed to livestock." The statistic comes from a comparison of FDA sales data for food-producing animals and private sales data for humans since 2009 — not all antibiotics sold in the United States. A letter from the FDA to the congresswoman confirms that most of the drugs for livestock are consumed in food and water. That means the percentage "fed" to animals may not be quite as high as 80 percent, though it would be close. Slaughter could have said more clearly that of all the antibiotics sold for use by people and livestock, 80 percent are for animals. But she was close. We rate her statement .
Statement: Undocumented workers crossing the border right now is at a 12-year low.
Speaker: gary johnson
About the speaker: Gary Johnson is the Libertarian nominee for president in 2016. He was also the party's nominee in 2012. He previously served as governor of New Mexico as a Republican.
Date: August 29, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Johnson said, "Undocumented workers crossing the border right now is at a 12-year low." There is no comprehensive set of figures that can definitively say how many people come across the border illegally, when taking into account both people who get caught and people who evade authorities. Still, experts and Border Patrol officials do look at figures on border apprehensions to get an idea of the level of crossings along the U.S.-Mexico border. Johnson points to a drop in illegal border crossings from Mexican immigrants to justify his statement, and it’s  that in fiscal 2015, the latest full fiscal year, the number of Mexican immigrants apprehended at the southern border was the lowest during the past 12 years. But Johnson’s statement suggests that we’re seeing a historic low in all illegal immigrants coming across the southern border. His statement requires some clarification in that there are a couple years when there were lower levels of apprehensions. Still the former New Mexico governor has a point that the level of apprehensions currently is at a relative low point compared with the past dozen years. On balance, we rate his  .
Statement: There are "many unanswered and obvious questions" about the 2001 death of a staff member of Joe Scarborough.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 26, 2020
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said there are unanswered and obvious questions about Scarborough and the death of a staff member in 2001. The medical examiner reported that she died from a blow to the head after an underlying heart condition caused her to faint and fall. The White House provided no list of unanswered questions from any official body. We rate this  .
Statement: McCain sought the political support of minister John Hagee, "who believes Hurricane Katrina was God's punishment for gay rights and called the Catholic Church 'the Antichrist' and a 'false cult.'
Speaker: moveon.org
About the speaker: MoveOn.org is a left-leaning political advocacy group. It endorsed Sen. Barack Obama for the Democratic nomination.
Date: April 5, 2008
Location: national
Topics: religion
Context: an e-mail message
Fact-check justification: (Listen to the audio here .) McCain said Hagee's comments were "deeply offensive and indefensible," and "I did not know of them before Reverend Hagee's endorsement, and I feel I must reject his endorsement as well." Hagee, meanwhile, issued a statement saying that he was withdrawing his endorsement and that critics were distorting his views. "I am tired of these baseless attacks and fear that they have become a distraction in what should be a national debate about important issues," Hagee said on May 22, 2008. "I have therefore decided to withdraw my endorsement of Sen. McCain for president effective today, and to remove myself from any active role in the 2008 campaign."
Statement: Senator Jeff Plale saved my job" -- and some 300 others at Bucyrus International.
Speaker: american federation for children
About the speaker: The American Federation for Children is an interest group focused on education issues, including supporting school choice and voucher initiatives.
Date: September 10, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: message machine 2010;trade
Context: campaign literature distributed by an outside group
Fact-check justification: So did Plale save the job of Bucyrus employee Wynn Sandahl and some 300 others, as the group claims? Plale did what was asked of him as a local lawmaker to pressure the Obama administration and the bank. But so did many, many others. Plale’s role was a bit part in an international drama, but the group gives him sole responsibility. We rate the  .
Statement: Says opponents of proposed Austin school district bonds say the district's "debt load doubles with these new bonds.
Speaker: league of women voters of the austin area
About the speaker: The League of Women Voters of the Austin Area is a nonpartisan group that doesn't support or oppose any candidate or cause. It publishes voter guides describing ballot issues and presenting information about candidates for elected office.
Date: April 28, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: debt;education;taxes
Context: a voters guide
Fact-check justification: According to the league, opponents of the district’s bond package say voter approval would double the district’s debt load. The district’s outstanding principal could total $1.5 billion by 2018, compared with $750 million as of the end of August 2012, though the district says it might take up to three years more. Then again, the district says, the doubling might not even occur depending on construction schedules and repayment/financing terms to be determined as time passes. Doubling isn’t a certainty. We rate the  as .
Statement: Says he never called teachers "thugs" and has said nothing but "great things" about them during the fight over his curbs on unions
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: September 26, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;labor;state budget
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: So, Walker can accurately  he has avoided direct rhetorical attacks on teachers as a profession. But we found Walker said less than "great things" about the union that represents teachers, and in his "thuggery" comment Walker left room for teachers to assume he was passing judgment on their protests at the Capitol. Walker’s statement may be narrowly accurate, but it slips down the -O-Meter when you examine the full context of his comments about the teachers union, teacher benefits and the protests. Taken as a whole, his comments fall short of the high bar he set about saying only "great things." We rate his statement .
Statement: Says in Texas the "average age of the Republican voter is like 20 years older than the average Democrat.
Speaker: gene wu
About the speaker: Gene Wu is a Democrat who represents House District 137 in the Texas Legislature. His district includes a portion in West Houston. 
Date: August 7, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: elections
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Wu said that in Texas, the "average age of the Republican voter is like 20 years older than the average Democrat." The most recent voter data shows that the average Republican voter was older than the average Democrat, but the age difference was far less pronounced than Wu’s statement, for which he did not have supporting . The average Republican voter in Texas was younger than Wu said and the average Democrat was older. We rate this  .
Statement: CBO reports that delaying the Obamacare individual mandate will reduce the deficit by $35 billion over ten years.
Speaker: grover norquist
About the speaker: Grover Norquist is president of Americans for Tax Reform, a group he founded in 1985 to advocate for a tax system in which taxes are simpler, flatter, more visible, and lower than they are today. Its flagship program is the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, which it began promoting in 1986 and expanded to the state level in 1990. Those who sign on to the pledge commit to oppose any effort to increase income taxes on individuals or businesses. Norquist also serves on the board of directors of the National Rifle Association of America, the American Conservative Union and The Nixon Center.
Date: September 8, 2013
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Norquist said, "CBO reports that delaying the Obamacare individual mandate will reduce the deficit by $35 billion over 10 years." Norquist accurately reported the amount CBO estimated. However, his tweet cherry picks CBO’s conclusions, ignoring that the bill would produce 11 million additional uninsured Americans, and that the savings would amount to a one-time fiscal event. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, so we rate it .