chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In Michigan "we have over-votes in numerous precincts of 150%, 200%, and 300%.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: November 19, 2020
Location: michigan
Topics: elections
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Giuliani said that in Michigan, "we have over-votes in numerous precincts of 150%, 200% and 300%." The numbers come from an affidavit filed by lawyers working for Trump, but the jurisdictions cited are in Minnesota, not Michigan. Furthermore, the Minnesota data cited in the affidavit do not square with actual data from the Minnesota Secretary of State’s office. The official data shows no over-voting.  A Trump campaign lawyer acknowledged a "simple " and said the document would be "corrected." We rate this  ! Clara Hendrickson contributed to this report. This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections  FactChat  #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: If we pass immigration reform, it will make wages go up on average $250 for the average household.
Speaker: martin o'malley
About the speaker: Martin O'Malley is the former governor of Maryland who is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He has also served as the mayor of Baltimore.
Date: November 12, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview with the Texas Tribune's Evan Smith
Fact-check justification: O’Malley’s  that immigration reform would "make wages go up on average $250 for the average household" would not be accurate anytime soon. The $250 in question is a calculation based on mathematical assumptions -- assumptions that some question -- that refers to a long-term result over two decades. In the near term, the same analysis projects wages would dip slightly. O’Malley’s statement contains an element of , but the wage-raising conclusion is . We rate it .    – The statement contains some element of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: 200 consumer laws were destroyed" in 2011 when Gov. Scott Walker signed Act 92.
Speaker: vince megna
About the speaker: Vince Megna is a private-practice attorney who declared his candidacy for Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2012 in the spring 2013 election for the seat held by Justice Pat Roggensack. Megna is a self-declared liberal Democrat. He is a Marquette University Law School graduate who made a national name as the "King of the Lemon Laws" for taking on auto companies in cases of defective vehicles. He works for a Milwaukee law firm.
Megna was infuriated last year when legislators passed a law limiting how much prevailing parties could be paid in attorney's fees in consumer cases. Soon after, Megna began running his web videos blaming GOP Gov. Scott Walker and other Republicans.
Date: January 1, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: consumer safety;legal issues
Context: a statement on campaign website
Fact-check justification: But many lawyers who handle cases affected by the law predict the cap will become the standard -- in part because busy judges can’t take the time to sort out what is reasonable on fees. Our rating Megna described the impact of Act 92 in stark and dramatic terms saying that "200 consumer laws were destroyed" when Walker signed it. It seems clear that the changes tilt the playing field against consumers in some significant ways, but the laws remain on the books and litigation will continue at some level -- perhaps reduced, but it’s premature to say. Megna’s  misleadingly suggests Walker and Republican legislators wiped hundreds of statutes off the books. We rate his  .
Statement: Regulations are an "endemic weakness in government -- so old that Thomas Jefferson listed this problem among his charges against the King of England in the Declaration of Independence.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: November 18, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: history
Context: a speech to the Council of 100
Fact-check justification: He leveled a specific charge against King George that, as Lucas points out, involved just about 50 officials to combat smuggling among the colonial population of 3 million. Scott accurately quoted Jefferson, but he took the line out of context to advance his own argument against government regulation. Jefferson was no big-government liberal (He once lauded the "suppression of unnecessary offices (and) useless establishments and expenses."). But in this case he was more upset about King George than he was about government intervention. We rate Scott’s statement .
Statement: Kathy Manning got "$30 million of your tax dollars plus $2.3 million a year" to build a luxury hotel and parking lot
Speaker: ted budd
About the speaker: Ted Budd is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives who represents parts of central North Carolina between Greensboro and Charlotte. He joined Congress in 2017.
Date: October 23, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: taxes
Context: an attack ad
Fact-check justification: Budd’s ad said Kathy Manning got $30 million "of your tax dollars plus $2.3 million a year" from a luxury hotel and parking lot. While Manning’s husband was involved in the project, Manning was not. And the $30 million represents the entire cost of the parking deck project — not gross profit for Manning or her husband. In fact, Kaplan is donating his profits. And the $2.3 million isn’t going to Manning or her husband’s group, either. We rate this  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. '
Statement: Hurricane "Irene was the second-largest storm to hit North America in terms of power outages -- and the first hurricane to make landfall in New Jersey since 1904.
Speaker: jersey central power & light
About the speaker: Jersey Central Power & Light is a subsidiary of First Energy.
Date: September 7, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: energy;weather
Context: an advertisement
Fact-check justification: JCP&L says Hurricane Irene was the second-largest storm to hit North America in terms of power outages, with at least 7 million customers affected. Several experts we spoke with offer power outage ranges from 5.9 million to 9 million, noting that not every utility company is included in those estimates. Prior to Irene, Ike in 2008 reportedly caused 7.5 million outages, but some sourcing of that data comes from an online database with questionable accuracy issues. Still, JCP&L’s overall point about Irene being a major storm that caused millions to lose power is valid. We rate this  .  To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says 18 states and the District of Columbia have voted Democratic in six consecutive presidential elections.
Speaker: george will
About the speaker: George Will is a conservative columnist syndicated by the Washington Post.
Date: November 10, 2013
Topics: elections;punditfact
Context: comments on Fox's "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Will said Democrats have taken 18 states and the District of Columbia in every presidential election since 1992. The record backs that up. We rate the  .
Statement: My opponent on day one of this campaign attacked me on Medicare and Medicare Advantage and that claim was found to be False.
Speaker: suzanne bonamici
About the speaker: Suzanne Bonamici is a member of the Oregon Senate. She is also the Democratic nominee to represent the state's 1st congressional district.
Date: January 10, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: medicare;message machine 2012;negative campaigning
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: In other words, those dollars aren’t taken out of the current budget, they are not actual cuts and the bill does not actually eliminate any current benefits. Democrats like to attack Republicans on Medicare as well and scare seniors, so they’re not angels either. But in this instance, Bonamici is correct. Cornilles made the  the day after he won the special primary election and PolitiFact Oregon ruled the statement . We rule her statement .
Statement: Says Deputy Comptroller Aycha Sawa "blocked an audit" of the Milwaukee lead program for three years that "put our children in danger" and spurred a criminal investigation.
Speaker: leaders for a better community
About the speaker: Leaders for a Better Community is a politically active nonprofit in Wisconsin. It was formed in 2015 and is run by Sherwin Hughes.
Date: March 25, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: a flier
Fact-check justification: A flier attacking Sawa says she "blocked an audit" of the city’s lead abatement program for three years that "put our children in danger" and spurred a criminal investigation. But Sawa’s oversight of city audits ended in 2015, well before any concerns with the city’s lead testing program publicly came to light. And in any case, there was never any suggested or proposed audit brought forward that she could block. Implying she continued blocking something for a three-year span is pure fiction — as is the  that her actions spurred a criminal investigation. The investigation was of the health department, not Sawa or the comptroller’s office. And, of course, an audit has in fact been done. We rate this  and   .
Statement: A [bank] surveillance camera capturing a criminal's face and other identifiable traits would certainly discourage robbery attempts and serve as a deterrent to robbers.
Speaker: stephen ucci
About the speaker: Stephen R. Ucci is the deputy majority leader of the state House of Representatives. First elected in 2004, Ucci represents Johnston and Cranston. He is a lawyer for Raytheon and a resident of Johnston.
Date: March 30, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: But we couldn’t find any  that outdoor surveillance deters robberies of customers. And the experts we consulted doubt its deterrence value. We rate Ucci’s  . Update: The initial version of this item incorrectly reported the amount of money stolen in the 2010 robbery outside a bank. It was $12,542.
Statement: We cut taxes for 95 percent of working families.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 27, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus;workers;taxes
Context: a State of the Union speech
Fact-check justification: During the campaign, the independent Tax Policy Center researched how Obama's tax proposals would affect workers. It concluded 94.3 percent of workers would receive a tax cut under Obama's plan based on the tax credit to offset payroll taxes. According to the analysis, the people who wouldn't get a tax cut are those who make more than $250,000 for couples or $200,000 for a single person. Obama said he intended to raise taxes on those high earners, a promise he reiterated during the State of the Union, and that revenue would offset the stimulus tax cut. Because the stimulus act did give that broad-based tax cut to workers, we rate Obama's statement .
Statement: Four balanced budgets in a row, with no new taxes for anyone. The best job growth in 12 years. Nearly 130,000 new private-sector jobs. Merit pay to reward New Jersey's best teachers, and the most education funding ever.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: May 1, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs;state budget;taxes
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification:     A new ad by Christie for Governor claims that under the governor’s leadership, the state has had "four balanced budgets in a row, with no new taxes for anyone. The best job growth in 12 years. Nearly 130,000 new private-sector jobs. Merit pay to reward New Jersey’s best teachers, and the most education funding ever."     It’s  that Christie has balanced four budgets -- as required by state law, but some experts have told us that cuts in tax credit programs can be deemed tax increases.     In terms of job gains, the news is positive for year-over-year data, growth in the past decade and since Christie’s been in office. A Rutgers economist confirmed that some of Christie’s actions are responsible for those gains.     We rate these claims .     Read Part 2 of our fact-check of this ad on Sunday.     To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says Andrew Gillum is running "from the FBI.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: October 10, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: city government;crime
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: A Republican Party of Florida ad said Gillum is running "from the FBI." The  tracks back to a corruption investigation involving Tallahassee, where Gillum is mayor. But there's no  to suggest that Gillum is running from the FBI.  After news of the FBI investigation became public in June 2017, Gillum said he met with the FBI the previous week. Gillum met with the FBI at his home without a lawyer, he says. His lawyer in a related ethics matter said that the FBI has not asked for a subsequent meeting with Gillum. We don’t know the full story behind the FBI investigation yet, because law enforcement have made no announcements about the case. But there is no  that Gillum has run from the FBI. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Rick Perry "turned down our invitation to meet" President Barack Obama in El Paso.
Speaker: jay carney
About the speaker: Jay Carney, the White House press secretary, was formerly employed by TIME magazine and CNN, according to a TIME biographical post.
Date: May 10, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;bipartisanship
Context: a press gaggle aboard Air Force One
Fact-check justification: PolitiFact Texas obtained the emails through an open-records request. Our call? Perry declined to howdy the president in El Paso. However, Carney’s response implies Perry flat refused to meet when an alternative meeting prospect was floated. We rate Carney’s statement .
Statement: Says Adam Hasner's record includes "requesting over $92.2 million in earmarks.
Speaker: george lemieux
About the speaker: George LeMieux is a former U.S. Senator from Florida. He was appointed by Gov. Charlie Crist in 2009 to fill the unexpired term of Sen. Mel Martinez and served until January 2011.
Date: August 1, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: state budget
Context: a Web post Aug. 1, 2011
Fact-check justification: First is the CBIR process itself -- which was open and transparent. Legislators made requests for dollars in writing and were forced to explain what the money would be used for. Second, it's important to note that Hasner wasn't particularly aggressive in requesting money through CBIRs and more than 100 House members asked for more than he did in 2008. Lastly, it strikes us as hypocritical for LeMieux to attack competitors over earmarks when his own record — where it exists — shows votes and personal lobbying for local spending.   We rate this  .
Statement: Kendrick Meek was "#1 in Florida in taking tobacco cash and then opposed a tax on cigars that would have helped pay for children's health care.
Speaker: jeff greene
About the speaker: Jeff Greene, a wealthy businessman from Palm Beach, lost the Democratic primary for Florida governor in August 2018. He campaigned for the U.S. Senate and was defeated in the Democratic primary on Aug. 24, 2010.
Date: July 23, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: campaign finance;candidate biography
Context: a campaign flier
Fact-check justification: Meek thought that the 2007 version was too high of an increase for businesses and he scored key meetings for a cigar maker with member of Congress, but he voted for the legislation anyway -- twice that year. Meek again voted for the version that passed in 2009 when the cigar industry credited him with helping reduce the amount of their tax burden. We recognize he worked to lower the amount of the tax, but we think it's  to say that Meek "opposed" a tax when he voted for it three times. Politicians are ultimately judged on their votes, and that's why Meek’s votes for the legislation is crucial information here. We considered both parts of Greene's  and rate it .
Statement: To give the proposed economic stimulus plan some perspective, "if you started the day Jesus Christ was born and spent $1 million every day since then, you still wouldn't have spent $1 trillion.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: February 1, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus
Context: appearance on CBS's "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: So here goes our math: 2,012 times 365 (yes, we are aware there are leap years ... don't be like that) times $1,000,000. A: $734 billion (give or take a few hundred million). The stimulus package is actually short of $1 trillion too, $819 billion. But that's still more than a million bucks a day since the day Jesus was born. We find McConnell's staggering stat to be .
Statement: Photos show Lloyd Austin without a face shield after he landed in the Philippines.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: July 30, 2021
Location: florida
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Rubio shared photos of Austin and suggested they show that the defense secretary wasn’t wearing a shield in the Philippines even though it was required by local law. Two of those photos weren’t taken in the Philippines. A third photo shows Austin without a shield in Manila, but a Pentagon spokesperson said that he was invited to remove it. Video footage from before that photo was taken shows him wearing it as the defense secretary from the Philippines removes his own. We rate Rubio’s  .
Statement: Kari Lake is opposed to red flag laws.
Speaker: everytown for gun safety
About the speaker: Everytown for Gun Safety is an advocacy group that seeks to prevent gun violence.
Date: October 10, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: guns
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Everytown for Gun Safety said that "Kari Lake is opposed to red flag laws." Lake has said publicly several times that she does not support red flag laws. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump, in his campaign announcement speech, "also said, 'And many of them (Mexicans) are good people. You keep leaving that out of your quote.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: October 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration;candidate biography;race and ethnicity
Context: Farmville, Va
Fact-check justification: Pence said that Trump, in his campaign announcement speech, "also said and many of them (Mexicans) are good people. You keep leaving that out of your quote." Pence is right that Kaine left that part of the comment out of the quote. But the part Kaine left out is not quite as benign as Pence indicates. Trump said "some," rather than "many," and he prefaced that by saying, "I assume." The statement partially accurate but leaves out important context, so we rate it .
Statement: The most significant driver of out-migration [from Rhode Island] is the estate tax.
Speaker: ocean state policy research institute
About the speaker: The Ocean State Policy Research Institute was a non-profit, conservative organization that focuses on "crafting sound public policy based on the principles of free enterprise, limited government, and traditional American values." It existed from July 2007 to July 2011. 
Date: January 20, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;state budget;states;taxes
Context: a report
Fact-check justification: Are some of the people moving from Rhode Island because of the estate tax? Probably. Is it "the most significant driver" as OSPRI claims? They could not prove their case. We rule their  .
Statement: Earnings for the bottom 10% are rising faster than earnings for the top 10%.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 28, 2020
Topics: economy;jobs;labor
Context: comments at a campaign rally
Fact-check justification: Trump said that "earnings for the bottom 10% are rising faster than earnings for the top 10%." Earnings for the bottom 10% seem to be rising faster, but not by much, and there are different ways to crunch the data.  Also, the weekly earnings measure misses a lot of income at the high end and produces an artificially low estimate for the top 10%. It is a poor measure for the comparison Trump made. The  is partially accurate but lacks important context. We rate this  .