chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: New information coming in that Boulder shooter was a Syrian refugee who arrived via Obama-era asylum programs.
Speaker: jack posobiec
About the speaker: Jack Posobiec is a conservative activist who frequently supports Donald Trump on Twitter.
Date: March 23, 2021
Location: colorado
Topics: foreign policy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: However, the Syrian civil war began in March 2011, during which millions of refugees started to flee the country . The ensuing refugee crisis began nearly a decade after Alissa’s family emigrated from Syria. We reached out to Boulder police for more information, but we haven’t heard back. Posobiec’s  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says President Donald Trump "is still yet to say anything as the president of the United States about bounties on American troops.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: July 20, 2020
Topics: foreign policy;military
Context: an MSNBC interview
Fact-check justification: There is an element of  in that Trump has not condemned Russia over the reports. But he has talked about the topic several times. His reaction has been to blast the reporting and the intelligence about Russia bounties as not credible. That would support why he hasn’t publicly condemned Russia. We rate Clinton’s statement .
Statement: Says "overwhelming majorities of Americans" support gun legislation "like background checks.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 12, 2013
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;crime;guns
Context: the State of the Union Address
Fact-check justification: Obama said "overwhelming majorities of Americans" support gun legislation "like background checks." The poll cited by the administration, as well as other independent polls in 2013, do show support for universal background checks above 80 percent among voters, even those who own guns. But people would get the impression from Obama's statement that there is similar support for other White House gun proposals, when the reality is weaker majority support among voters and slim opposition among gun owners. That’s a point worth clarifying. We rate the president’s  .
Statement: Says Milwaukee County district attorney candidate Verona Swanigan "has worked as a prosecutor.
Speaker: milwaukeeans for self-governance
About the speaker: Milwaukeeans for Self-Governance, headed by conservative political operative Craig Peterson, became active in elections during the spring 2016 races for aldermen and mayor in Milwaukee, 
Date: July 20, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;criminal justice;crime
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: Indeed, the biographical section of Swanigan’s campaign website says she worked at the Fresno County District Attorney’s Office, but no position is listed. Our rating Milwaukeeans for Self-Governance says in a radio ad that Swanigan "has worked as a prosecutor." Swanigan made court appearances and assisted prosecutors in other ways when she worked in the the Fresno County District Attorney’s Office in California. But she was classified as a paralegal, not a sworn prosecutor, and does not describe herself as a former prosecutor. We rate the statement .
Statement: Photo shows a man who burned the car of an antifa member.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 11, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .)   Doing a reverse image search of the photo on TinEye, we found it’s been online since at least November 2013 . It’s an image that has been used in social media memes over the years with text like : "When everything is going  in your life but you’re used to it. "  Some Facebook commenters recognized the image from the memes, but not everyone realized the post wasn’t factual.   We rate it .
Statement: Alert: Law enforcement and the Red Cross have advised that there are people going door to door indicating that they are authorized to do testing for Coronavirus.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 3, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post claimed that police and the Red Cross have advised that there are scammers going "door to door indicating that they are authorized to do testing for Coronavirus." While the American Red Cross and some police departments in the U.S. have shared warnings against possible con artists pretending to be giving home COVID-19 tests, the post incorrectly portrays the advisory warnings as  of these scams.  We found no news coverage of robbers or scammers posing as COVID-19 testers, as the post describes, and nine departments have independently confirmed that no such incidents have also been reported to the police.  Because the  contains an element of  but leaves a  impression, we rate it .
Statement: Says Texas public school funding grew three times the rate of enrollment from 2002 to 2012.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: January 9, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Perry said education spending escalated more than three times as fast as enrollment from 2002 to 2012. We accept that he was talking about state education aid, which outpaced the 20 percent growth in enrollment by about the cited margin. But that’s without considering inflation and the impact of the annual tax swap set in motion by lawmakers and Perry, which drove up state spending without in itself delivering more school aid. Make those adjustments and it looks like Texas schools in 2012 fielded 25 percent less in state aid than what they fielded in 2002. We rate this  as .
Statement: This is 76 year old senile Joe Biden!!! That is a 15 year old girl with whom he's making out!!!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 16, 2020
Topics: candidate biography;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  Online, reactions ranged from people saying they were creeped out to others who chastised those who think a kiss between grandfather and grandchild is inappropriate.    Either way, this Facebook post is . Not only does it give the  ages for both Bidens, but it also gives the impression that Biden is making out with an underage girl. That’s not what’s happening in this photo.   We rate this post .
Statement: We have more people working in clean and green energy than in oil and gas in this country.
Speaker: sheldon whitehouse
About the speaker: Sheldon Whitehouse is a Democratic U.S. Senator from Rhode Island.
Date: November 18, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: environment;economy;energy;jobs;labor;technology
Context: a newspaper column
Fact-check justification: Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse said more people in the United States work in green energy than in the petroleum industry. Whitehouse’s statement was based on a rigorous study by the Brookings Institution.  A similar analysis by the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics found the number to be even greater. We rate his  .
Statement: Says Bill Gates visited Jeffrey Epstein's Island "37 times.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 22, 2023
Location: national
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: When it looked like it wasn't a real thing, the relationship ended. But it was a huge  to spend time with him to give him the credibility of being there. There were lots of others in that same situation, but I made a . "  There’s no  to support the theory that Gates visited Epstein’s island 37 times. We rate this  .
Statement: More than 72 percent of children in the African-American community are born out of wedlock.
Speaker: don lemon
About the speaker: Don Lemon is a CNN anchor based in Atlanta and New York City.
Date: July 27, 2013
Location: national
Topics: children;families;race and ethnicity;marriage;pundits;sexuality
Context: a commentary on CNN
Fact-check justification: Lemon said that "more than 72 percent of children in the African-American community are born out of wedlock." Federal data confirms that 73 percent of African-American births in 2010 were out of wedlock. Estimates for the percentage of African-American children growing up in single-parent households are slightly lower, at 67 percent. Finally, black children counted in these statistics may have contact outside the household with their biological father. But Lemon's statistic was accurate, and we rate his statement .
Statement: Half the country today has either diabetes or prediabetes.
Speaker: tim ryan
About the speaker: Tim Ryan is a representative of Ohio’s 13th Congressional District. Ryan served the state’s 17th Congressional District from 2003 until 2013, when he assumed office to represent the 13th District. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president. In 2022, he is running for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat.
Date: April 11, 2019
Location: national
Topics: health care;public health
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Ryan said, "Half the country today has either diabetes or prediabetes." There is a significant number of people with diabetes or prediabetes. Ryan’s  might leave the impression that half the country — including children and adults — have either of these conditions. However, there is limited data on people under 18 years old with prediabetes or undiagnosed diabetes. Ryan’s statement is more accurate if narrowed to the adult population — about 46% of adults have either diabetes or prediabetes. Overall, Ryan’s statement is accurate but needs clarification. We rate it .
Statement: Poll watchers in Philadelphia prevented from entering polling places.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: November 3, 2020
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: elections
Context: tweets
Fact-check justification: Feeley said that the judge of election who had  information was updated on the new rules, and that there is "no  that it was a systemic problem." The posts are partially accurate but leave out important details or take things out of context. We rate them . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Says under his plan to end cash bail "the Waukesha perpetrator wouldn't have been released
Speaker: mandela barnes
About the speaker: Mandela Barnes is an American politician serving as the 45th lieutenant governor of Wisconsin. A member of the Democratic Party, Barnes is a former state representative. On August 14, 2018, he won the Democratic primary in a landslide and became the running mate of Democratic gubernatorial nominee Tony Evers. Evers and Barnes went on to win the November 2018 election, defeating incumbent Republicans Scott Walker and Rebecca Kleefisch. Barnes became Wisconsin's first African American lieutenant governor.
 
 
Date: September 2, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;elections;legal issues;crime
Context: News release
Fact-check justification: The Barnes campaign says that under his plan to end cash bail "the Waukesha perpetrator wouldn’t have been released." A simple reading of the proposed statute makes clear that it was aimed at cases such as the one involving Brooks, who days earlier was accused of attacking and trying to run over his girlfriend with an SUV. Although the proposal would have eliminated cash bail, it also would have set other specific standards such as this one. However, it’s impossible to know how a judge would have ruled. In short, the Barnes campaign is stating a certainty where only a possibility — albeit a strong one — exists. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, our rating is .
Statement: Republicans fought to protect tax loopholes for corporations that send our jobs overseas.
Speaker: seiu
About the speaker: SEIU is the Service Employees International Union. It represents 2.1 million health care and public services workers.
 
Date: September 7, 2011
Location: national
Topics: corporations;jobs;trade;workers;taxes
Context: a political mailing
Fact-check justification: The SEIU is correct that Republicans did fight against Democratic plans to close tax loopholes on multinational corporations. But whether the corporations who took advantage of the tax loopholes were also outsourcing jobs is an unanswered question. The link between the multinationals' tax status and their outsourcing of jobs is not direct, and that's an important distinction. We rate the mailer's  .
Statement: In 2013, the United States "accepted 67 percent of the world's refugees.
Speaker: michael needham
About the speaker: Michael Needham is the CEO of Heritage Action for America.
Date: November 22, 2015
Topics: foreign policy;terrorism;punditfact
Context: comments on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Needham said, "In 2013, we accepted 67 percent of the world’s refugees." Needham’s  refers to a specific way of accepting refugees — through a process known as resettlement. In 2013, about 48,000, or 67 percent, of 71,000 resettled refugees were resettled in the United States. But that’s a tiny fraction of the "world’s refugees," which totalled 11.7 million in 2013. Of the overall refugee group, just 2.3 percent resided in the United States. Needham’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts We rate it .
Statement: An Instagram video shows a man confronting President Joe Biden about an inappropriate relationship with a 13-year-old girl.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 9, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a video shared on Instagram
Fact-check justification: An Instagram video appears to show a man confronting Biden about an inappropriate relationship with a 13-year-old girl. The video is . It features deceptively edited clips of a 2019 Biden interview on CNN spliced together with segments from NBC Dateline’s show, "To Catch a Predator." Biden has been the target of pedophilia attacks for years, but we’ve found no credible  to support such claims.  We rate this video !  PolitiFact Researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report. RELATED: Fact-checking the pedophilia attacks against Joe Biden
Statement: Rick Santorum "reformed welfare.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: December 29, 2011
Location: national
Topics: welfare
Context: a video ad
Fact-check justification: Santorum’s ad said simply that he "reformed welfare." Santorum was a leader in the 1990s efforts to overhaul the nation’s system for aiding poor families, reshaping the program into one that encourages recipients to move toward financial independence. He had a hand in writing Republican bills and was influential in the process in both the House and Senate. But no one reformed welfare alone. Although he was a key player, Santorum’s ad ignores others who helped usher in change -- including some who played even larger roles than he did. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: The Biden administration lost 20 million COVID vaccines.
Speaker: ryan fournier
About the speaker: Ryan Fournier is the founder and co-chairman of Students for Trump.
Date: January 31, 2021
Location: national
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: Ryan Fournier claimed that "the Biden administration lost 20 million COVID vaccines." The Biden administration didn’t lose those doses. The Trump administration set up the distribution infrastructure under which these vaccines went missing.  The article that Fournier linked to as  has been corrected to include this information. Fournier’s  is . ​
Statement: Says Newt Gingrich said "Spanish is the language of the ghetto.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 25, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;elections;message machine 2012
Context: a Spanish-language radio ad
Fact-check justification: A Romney radio ad playing in Spanish in South Florida claims that Gingrich said "Spanish is the language of the ghetto." In a speech in 2007, Gingrich said that some language other than English is the "language of living in a ghetto." Gingrich didn’t say specifically that he was talking about Spanish, though most people assumed that was the language he was referencing. Gingrich recorded a web video in Spanish a few days later saying he could have worded his comments better. With those caveats in mind, we rate this  .
Statement: Joe Biden holds the all-time record for the most money received from Pharma while in Congress! $8,550,422.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 4, 2022
Topics: campaign finance;congress
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said, "Joe Biden holds the all-time record for the most money received from Pharma while in Congress! $8,550,422." Among past and current members of Congress, Biden holds the record for drug industry contributions, at nearly $8.9 million. But the record is not for the money received when he was in Congress, as the post says. More than 99% of the drug industry money Biden collected came during his 2020 presidential campaign. The pharmaceutical industry contributed less than $70,000 to Biden’s Senate campaign committees from 1989 to 2008. He ranks 708th for contributions received while Congress. We rate this  .
Statement: Millions of dollars are spent by Planned Parenthood to elect Democrats to the House of Representatives and the Senate.
Speaker: sean duffy
About the speaker: Sean Duffy is a Republican member of the U.S. House, representing Wisconsin's 7th District in the northwestern part of the state. The former Ashland County district attorney was elected In November 2010, taking the seat previously held by Democratic U.S. Rep. Dave Obey of Wausau.
Date: September 18, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;campaign finance;elections;federal budget;health care;women
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: The numbers would be higher, of course, if previous cycles were included. Our rating Duffy said: "Millions of dollars are spent by Planned Parenthood to elect Democrats to the House of Representatives and the Senate." By law, the operational, medical clinics of Planned Parenthood cannot spend money in politics. But separate entities that are affiliated with Planned Parenthood can, and they spent millions just in the 2014 election cycle to elect Democrats. We rate Duffy’s statement .
Statement: Photo shows Time magazine cover with Barack Obama that says "Treason.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 22, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Let’s plan another mass shooting," Bush says.   "We can’t," Obama responds, "all the restaurants and theaters are closed. "  Toward the end of the video, yet another doctored image appears. Snopes checked this one — it appears to show Russian President Vladimir Putin pulling Obama’s tie, but that didn’t happen.   We rate these images .
Statement: President Joe Biden said, "I know you all know there's no climate problem," proving that people have been "lying for decades" about climate change.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 15, 2022
Location: california
Topics: climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that Biden said, "I know you all know there’s no climate problem," proving that people have been "lying for decades" about climate change. The 19-second video clip in the post removed the context so that it was not clear Biden was joking. The full clip shows the crowd laughing in response to his comment.  We rate this post .