chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Florida "workers are paid $8.10 an hour, and our current governor (Rick Scott) runs ads bragging about it.
Speaker: philip levine
About the speaker: Philip Levine lost the August 2018 Democratic primary for Florida governor. In November 2013,  Levine was elected Mayor of Miami Beach and served two terms. Levine is CEO of Royal Media Partners, an exclusive partner of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. 
Date: November 1, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: negative campaigning
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Levine said Scott has run ads bragging about Florida’s minimum wage, which is currently $8.10 an hour.   The closest example is Enterprise Florida’s California radio ad, which is critical of California’s $15 minimum wage but never explicitly brags or talks about Florida’s minimum wage. Levine put words in Scott's mouth, when at most there is an implication. We rate his  .
Statement: Here in Philadelphia murder has been steady — I mean — just terribly increasing.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 26, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: crime
Context: In a speech at the GOP Retreat
Fact-check justification: He continued: "Our homicides are, in fact, slowly declining, and while we are not satisfied with even our current numbers, we are handicapped by Republican refusal to enact any kind of common sense gun control and by their obsession with turning our police officers into ICE agents — which will prevent immigrants from coming forward to report crimes or provide critical witnesses statements that can put dangerous criminals behind bars." Our Ruling President Donald Trump, while addressing the GOP Retreat at the Loews Hotel, said, "Here in Philadelphia murder has been steady — I mean — just terribly increasing." The murder rate was higher last year than it was in 2014 and 2013, but it was lower than in 2015 and the third-lowest it has been since 1990. The murder rate in 2016 was about 45 percent lower than in 1990, when 500 people were killed. We rule the  .
Statement: The "president of Drag Queen Story Hour" was "arrested, charged with child pornography.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 18, 2021
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: Claims shared on social media said that the "president of Drag Queen Story Hour" was "arrested, charged with child pornography." That’s not what happened. A judge who used to lead an organization that served as an intermediary for donations to the Drag Queen Story Hour’s Milwaukee chapter has been charged with seven counts of child pornography. But he never held a position with the Drag Queen Story Hour.  We rate these claims . ​
Statement: Says "we" have put more boots on the U.S.-Mexico border "than at any time in our history, and illegal crossings are down by nearly 80 percent from their peak in 2000.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 4, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: his weekly radio address
Fact-check justification: Obama said: "We’ve put more boots on" the U.S.-Mexico "border than at any time in our history, and illegal crossings are down by nearly 80 percent from their peak in 2000." There are more Border Patrol agents than ever along the border and while there once were more troops there, we do not see those military pursuits as comparable to existing day-to-day border enforcement. But the  has other flaws. For starters, most of the surge in agents that Obama said "we" put on the border occurred under Bush. Also, there is no count indicating illegal border crossings are down nearly 80 percent. Obama evidently put a fine point on an indirect indicator, Border Patrol apprehensions, which were 78 percent lower in the border region in 2012 than in 2000, the year the Southwest sector experienced its peak level of apprehensions. Finally, his statement fails to acknowledge there is at least debate over whether economic conditions, rather than enforcement, drive ebbs and flows in such migration. Notably, too, those conditions aren’t independently controlled by any president. There is sufficient missing context here to make Obama’s  .
Statement: A graph shows the number of human trafficking arrests increased dramatically under President Donald Trump.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 9, 2020
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: According to ICE, arrests went down in 2017 and 2018 compared with 2016. The numbers in the viral graphic combine arrest figures obtained through two wildly different methods of data gathering to make a   about human trafficking and further an unfounded conspiracy theory. We rate this post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: The "Democrat majority in the Senate has failed to submit [a] budget in the past 1,000 days.
Speaker: johnny isakson
About the speaker: Johnny Isakson, a Republican, is a U.S. senator from Georgia
Date: January 26, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The budget resolution for 2011 languished. It never went up for a vote, and Democrats haven’t submitted one since. In the past few years, Senate Democrats have taken limited action on budget resolutions. The statement contains a kernel of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. It meets our definition of .
Statement: It begins: California appoints first illegal alien to state office.
Speaker: the breaking dawn
About the speaker: The Breaking Dawn is a conservative website.
Date: May 10, 2018
Topics: immigration;fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: A headline said, "It begins: California appoints first illegal alien to state office." Mateo is an undocumented immigrant and did receive a state appointment. But the headline doesn’t fully capture her role: she will serve in an unpaid position on a 12-member advisory committee about improving college access for poor families. Also, although the state Senate initially said Mateo’s appoint was a first, it later found that the governor had appointed another undocumented immigrant to a state board in 2016. The other immigrant had federal protection from deportations, while Mateo does not. We rate this headline .
Statement: A "dead man on the ballot" is evidence the Democrats cheated in the election.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 9, 2022
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: But DeLuca’s appearance on the ballot is a legal technicality; he wasn’t there because the Democratic Party was seeking to elect a deceased politician to represent the constituents of Pennsylvania’s 32nd Legislative District.   The deadline for candidates to withdraw their names passed on Aug. 15, 2022, before DeLuca died. A spokesperson for the Pennsylvania State Department told PolitiFact that "once ballots have been printed for a general election, there is no mechanism in the election code for removing a candidate’s name from the ballot and providing for a substitute nominee. "  The seat will be filled following a special election.   We rate claims that DeLuca’s win is  of election fraud .
Statement: Warren Buffett recently said "Scrap Obamacare and Start All Over.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 13, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care;pundits
Context: posts on the Internet
Fact-check justification: A variety of blogs reprinted an item indicating that Warren Buffett recently said "Scrap Obamacare and Start All Over." However, the comments came from an interview in 2010, when the health care bill was still being debated, and are not based on the subsequent three and a half years of seeing the law implemented. If anything, comments by Buffett in 2012 suggest that he’s pleased to see the law being put into effect, despite the shortcomings he sees. The notion that Buffett had recently turned on a president he supported by souring on his signature health care law could have been easily debunked using Google searches. We rate the  .
Statement: The Richardson-Denish administration "gave" 50,000 driver's licenses to illegal immigrants in New Mexico.
Speaker: susana martinez
About the speaker: Susana Martinez is current governor of New Mexico. The former district attorney defeated Democratic Lt. Gov. Diane Denish in 2010 for a four year term in office.
 
Date: August 31, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;message machine 2010
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Second, while it's reasonable to believe that some of the immigrants who received licenses under the policy are in the country illegally, the numbers don't support the . The state doesn't keep track of how many licenses are issued to illegal immigrants, so all we can be sure of is that since 2003, 80,000 foreign nationals have received drivers licenses. Third, while Denish supported the measure when it was enacted, the ad conveniently ignores Denish's public statements that she no longer supports the policy. Finally, the ad equates being a non-citizen with being an illegal immigrant. For us, it adds up to .
Statement: Of 1 million green cards issued a year, "almost none of those green cards are based on job skills or demonstrated economic needs.
Speaker: tom cotton
About the speaker: Tom Cotton, a Republican, was elected to the House of Representatives in 2012 from a district in Arkansas.
Date: February 7, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;economy;jobs
Context: a Fox News interview
Fact-check justification: Cotton said that of 1 million green cards issued a year, "almost none of those green cards are based on job skills or demonstrated economic needs." Cotton’s team told us the senator usually says one out of 15 green card recipients (about 6.7 percent) come to the United States for employment reasons. That estimate checks out with data from the Department of Homeland Security. But experts say focusing just on the employment category overlooks individuals who are also contributing to the economy, though they may have come under a different visa category. Cotton’s statement is accurate, but needs additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Say water fluoridation started in Nazi Germany ghettos and death camps to pacify the Jews.
Speaker: critics of water fluoridation
About the speaker: Pinellas County commissioners voted 4-3 on Oct 4, 2011, to stop fluoridating water for about 700,000 county residents. During the debate that preceded the vote, critics of water fluoridation, said fluoride was originally added to the water in the Jewish ghettos created by Nazi Germany.
Date: October 4, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: health care;history;public health;science;water
Context: a Pinellas County Commission meeting and web comments
Fact-check justification: The Nazis put fluoride in water to pacify Jews during World War II, a local resident told members of the Pinellas County Commission on Oct. 4, 2011, before the commission voted 4-3 vote to stop fluoridating water for about 700,000 residents. "History shows, actually, that in Nazi Germany, one of the first things that they did was add fluoride to the water in the ghettos where the Jews stayed," Matt Leffler of Clearwater said. Once the St. Petersburg Times published its story about the decision — similar, anonymous  comments on the Web  piled up: "Do you guys know where water fluoridation started? In the death camps in WWII." "There have been many links to cancer going back to the original tests on fluoride done by the Nazis on the Jews."
Statement: Joe Biden's comments prove that food shortages are being "done deliberately by the governments of the world.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 26, 2022
Topics: food;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "We had a long discussion in the G7 with the, with both the United States, which has a significant — the third-largest producer of wheat in the world — as well as Canada, which is also a major, major producer, and we both talked about how we could increase and disseminate more rapidly food, food shortages," Biden said at NATO Headquarters in Brussels on March 24. "And in addition to that, we talked about urging all the European countries and everyone else to end trade restrictions on — on sending — limitations on sending food abroad. And so we are in the process of working out, with our European friends, what it would be, what it would take to help alleviate the concerns relative to food shortages. "  Politico, reporting on Biden’s meeting with other G-7 leaders, noted that they "pledged action … to address food shortages caused by Russia’s war on Ukraine." We rate this post .
Statement: Kids at the border: 2,600 highest number Trump, 12,000 currently under Biden.
Speaker: brandon tatum
About the speaker: Brandon Tatum is a conservative commentator and a former Tucson, Ariz., police officer.
Date: April 5, 2021
Topics: immigration;children;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Tatum claimed: "Kids at the border: 2,600 highest number Trump, 12,000 currently under Biden." Under Trump, the number of migrant children temporarily housed near the Mexico border by U.S. Customs and Border Protection peaked at 2,600, in June 2019. Under Biden, the figure as of April 5, the date of Tatum’s post, was 4,231. We rate the post . Join PolitiFact LIVE on May 10-13 for a festival of fact-checking with Dr. Anthony Fauci! Register today
Statement: The vast majority of (Syrian) refugees are young, able-bodied men looking for work.
Speaker: carly fiorina
About the speaker: Carly Fiorina is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. She is the former chairman and chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). She was defeated in her attempt as the Republican nominee to unseat Sen. Barbara Boxer in 2010.
Date: November 17, 2015
Location: new hampshire
Topics: immigration;foreign policy
Context: Concord, N.H.
Fact-check justification: Fiorina said the "vast majority of (Syrian) refugees are young, able-bodied men looking for work." She repeated the essence of a  that wasn’t accurate a month earlier and isn’t accurate today. A slight majority of Syrian refugees are female, and men age 18 to 59 comprise about 22 percent of all Syrian refugees. We rate Fiorina’s  .
Statement: If you are in Las Vegas and you get a knock on your door from NV Power, 2020 Census or CVD-19 testers, do not open your door. They are robbing people at gunpoint.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 21, 2020
Topics: census;energy;crime;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post warns that armed robbers are going door to door in Las Vegas posing as utility workers, census workers and COVID-19 testers. Las Vegas police said they have received no such reports and have warned people not to believe internet rumors. We rate the  .
Statement: Hillsborough's Public Transportation Commission has "a rule that says cabbies have to wear socks. I mean, please. Come on.
Speaker: ronda storms
About the speaker: Ronda Storms is a state Senator for District 10 in Hillsborough, Pasco and Polk counties. She is a former member of the Hillsborough County Board of County Commissioners.
Date: December 1, 2010
Location: florida
Context: a newspaper interview
Fact-check justification: But that's a side note to the  we're checking. Storms put her foot down when it comes to Hillsborough's Public Transportation Commission, saying some of its regulations are unnecessary and inane, specifically a requirement that taxicab drivers wear socks. She's right that cab drivers have a dress code that includes socks, but it's not as uncommon as she makes it sounds. Still, on the facts she's right. We say .
Statement: Obamacare (hit) Americans with over $500 billion in new taxes.
Speaker: u.s. chamber of commerce
About the speaker: From the chamber's Web site: "The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is the world's largest business federation representing 3 million businesses of all sizes, sectors, and regions, as well as state and local chambers and industry associations. More than 96% of U.S. Chamber members are small businesses with 100 employees or fewer."
Date: February 8, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;federal budget;health care;message machine 2012;taxes
Context: an ad against Sen. Jon Tester, D-Mont
Fact-check justification: A Chamber of Commerce ad attacking a Montana Democrat says, "Obamacare (hit) Americans with over $500 billion in new taxes." That’s a fair number for total revenue raised by the 2010 health care law as estimated when Tester voted — but the number for just taxes is lower, likely between $400 billion and $465 billion. Meanwhile, the ad talks about the tax bill "hitting Americans," but not the substantial federal subsidies headed their way under the same legislation. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. That's our definition of .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama "doubled the national debt, which had taken more than two centuries to accumulate, in one year.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: July 10, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: debt
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: A chain e-mail circulating in New Jersey claims Obama "doubled the national debt, which had taken more than two centuries to accumulate, in one year." There’s no doubt that the national debt has increased significantly since Obama took office, but it’s outrageous to  it doubled in one year. Starting with his inauguration, the largest over-the-year increase in either form of national debt was about 24 percent. Even after roughly three and-a-half years into his presidency, both forms of debt still have not doubled. We’re just left with three words to describe this : ! To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: The new Illinois school funding formula "created a tax shelter for the wealthy and a voucher program…
Speaker: karen lewis
About the speaker: Karen Lewis is president of the Chicago Teachers Union. 
Date: September 4, 2017
Location: illinois
Topics: education;unions
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The Chicago Teachers Union describes Illinois’ impending private school tax credit scholarship plan as a "voucher program" that amounts to a "tax shelter for the wealthy." It’s clear that "voucher program" to the CTU means any system in which public dollars directly or indirectly reach private schools. By that definition, CTU is correct regarding Illinois’ Invest in Kids Act. But those who follow the issue make a distinction between voucher programs -- in which states directly appropriate funds for private school tuition -- and scholarship credit programs funded with private money and incentivized with tax credits. Illinois’ scholarship program has safeguards to ensure that potential donors from all parts of the state can contribute, but it doesn’t have protections against wealthy donors quickly claiming all $75 million of its tax credits. Lewis’ statement is partially accurate but leaves out some important details. We rate it .
Statement: Video shows former President Donald Trump saying he "just can't be upset" with Kanye West.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 7, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Ye wasn’t mentioned during that interview.   The footage of Trump has previously been paired with  audio in TikTok videos . And following Ye’s controversies, the defense "but he made ‘Graduation, ’" has drawn attention, as fans discuss separating the artist from his art. But we found no  that Trump said this.   We rate claims that this is authentic footage of Trump defending Ye .
Statement: F: The grade given to Florida for college affordability under Jeb Bush's leadership.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: August 10, 2015
Location: national
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a Twitter exchange
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that under Jeb Bush, Florida got an F for college affordability. The report on which her campaign is basing the  confirms that in 2006 Florida received an F in this category. Still, it’s worth noting that 43 of the 50 states scored an F in 2006, meaning that Florida’s grade wasn’t uniquely bad. And while tuition did increase on Bush’s watch, the rate of increase was smaller than the national average. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .