chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Gov. Ron DeSantis "just signed legislation requiring students, faculty and staff at Florida's public universities and colleges to register their political views with the state.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 23, 2021
Location: florida
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: DeSantis recently signed legislation requiring public colleges and universities to survey "intellectual freedom and viewpoint diversity" to gauge in part how comfortable students, faculty and staff feel sharing their beliefs in classrooms. The survey hasn’t been created yet, so we don’t know what it will ask students, faculty and staff at these institutions. But a spokesperson for the Florida Department of Education told us it will be voluntary and won’t ask about individuals’ political beliefs, though surveys in other states that lawmakers have cited as inspiration for the bill do.  But, as written, the law doesn’t require public college and university students, faculty and staff to register their political views with the state.  We rate the post .
Statement: In 1983, Joe Biden voted in favor of taxing 50% of Social Security" and in 1993, Biden "was the deciding vote in raising the percentage taxed on Social Security from 50% to 85%.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 7, 2020
Location: national
Topics: congress;social security;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said that "in 1983, Joe Biden voted in favor of taxing 50% of Social Security" and in 1993, Biden "was the deciding vote in raising the percentage taxed on Social Security from 50% to 85%." Biden voted for both measures on Social Security in those years, but more context about the legislation and circumstances is needed. The 1983 legislation allowed up to 50% of benefits to be added to taxable income if a taxpayer’s total income exceeded certain thresholds. The legislation, signed by President Reagan, had wide bipartisan support. And, yes, Biden voted in favor of 1993 legislation that aimed to reduce the deficit and required some recipients to pay taxes on 85% of their benefits, up from 50% previously. The change affected upper-income and some middle-class retirees. But Biden was not the "deciding vote." Gore as vice president cast the deciding vote after the Senate split 50-50. Kerrey was the last senator to announce his support. We rate this statement . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Says North Carolina Gov. Roy Cooper "has seen his approval rating plummet
Speaker: north carolina republican party
About the speaker: The N.C. GOP is a political party in North Carolina
Date: February 25, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The NC GOP tweeted that Cooper’s approval rating has "plummeted" and, as , they cited polls from a conservative think tank. But there are several reasons the GOP’s  is . The GOP cited a poll showed a 7-point dip, which experts don’t consider significant. Other polls show Cooper’s approval rating as stable. And experts, including the president of a conservative think tank, believe Cooper is in good position. The tweet exaggerated the reality of Cooper’s polling numbers. So we rate it .
Statement: The six wealthiest people in the world (have) as much wealth as the bottom half of the world's population, 3.7 billion people.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: September 21, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: poverty;wealth
Context: Fulton, Mo
Fact-check justification: While giving a speech in Fulton, Missouri, Bernie Sanders stated that the six richest people in the world had as much wealth as the bottom half of the world’s 3.7 billion people. According to global wealth disparity research, it is factually accurate to say that six men are, collectively, richer than the bottom 50 percent of the world. However, an expert cautioned about reading too much into this specific statistic because of the way wealth is measured and improvements in data collection. Sanders’ statement is accurate but needs clarification. We rate this  .
Statement: Video shows U.S. Rep. Jim Jordan asking U.S. Rep. Jerry Nadler, "What are you hiding?
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 5, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But he didn’t ask Nadler what he was hiding. Another committee member, Rep. Chip Roy, R-Texas, asked Nadler, "Mr. Chairman, what are you afraid of?" while referring to the video. But there was no sign that Nadler was hiding anything. Nadler, meanwhile, didn’t appear scared.   We rate this post .
Statement: Hundreds of thousands died after taking the advice of these celebrities," who are "aiding and abetting mass murder" by advocating COVID-19 vaccination.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 24, 2021
Topics: corrections and updates;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral video claimed: "Hundreds of thousands died after taking the advice of these celebrities," who are "aiding and abetting mass murder" through COVID-19 vaccination. There is no  to back the . According to the CDC, there is no  in the U.S. that the vaccines have caused any deaths, though it is continuing to investigate cases of death that are reported following vaccination. We rate the post .
Statement: A new law "requires the USDA to approve the harvest and sale of crops from genetically modified seed even if a court has ruled against the crop as being dangerous to public safety or the environment.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 29, 2013
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;food safety;government regulation
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The group Grow Food, Not Lawns claimed that the budget bill "requires the USDA to approve the harvest and sale of crops from genetically modified seed even if a court has ruled against the crop as being dangerous to public safety or the environment." We learned from experts that the USDA issuing temporary permits for products in litigation is not new with this law. That was already the agency’s practice. And in the sugar beet case that went to court, the dispute was not over the safety of the food but the environmental review procedure. However, the language in the law saying the USDA "shall" issue permits escalates that policy, with one expert telling us it "compels" the agency to allow the use of disputed products while litigation proceeds. And now the USDA itself is now questioning whether that provision is enforceable. The Facebook  rightly describes the effect of the new provision, but lacks some important context. We rate it .   Editor's note: This story has been changed after publication to clarify that Monsanto created a sugar beet that was resistant to an herbicide.
Statement: The GOP's "Pledge to America" includes "a 20 percent cut ... for education. ... Eight million kids would have their college aid slashed under this budget.
Speaker: david axelrod
About the speaker: David Axelrod is a former senior adviser to President Barack Obama. He is now an analyst for NBC News.
Date: September 26, 2010
Location: national
Topics: education;federal budget;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's This Week with Christiane Amanpour
Fact-check justification: We'll grant that Boehner's camp has a right to dispute Axelrod's suggestion that the Pledge outlined a 20 percent cut. That document itself didn't mention education, but Boehner outlined a 20 percent cut. He never specified that it would be other than across the board until we contacted his office, so we think it's reasonable for Axelrod to conclude that education would be cut in line with the rest of federal agencies. Meanwhile, the percentage cut and the student aid recipient numbers that Axelrod cited strike us as fair estimates, given the complexities of calculating year-to-year budgetary numbers for federal agencies. On balance, we rate Axelrod's comment .
Statement: 104 House Democrats voted for impeachment before the Ukraine call took place.
Speaker: jim sensenbrenner
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner, R-Wis., has served in Congress since 1979. He represents a district covering Milwaukee suburbs.
Date: December 11, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: congress;impeachment
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: But reality gets in the way of the rhetoric. The votes were on motions to table, not the merits of the measures. There was no actual vote on impeachment until the one that ultimately passed. The definition of  is the statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That fits here.
Statement: Not even expensive bottled water, like Perrier and Evian, are of good enough quality to pump out of mines in Southwest Virginia, according to the EPA regulation.
Speaker: morgan griffith
About the speaker: Morgan Griffith, a Republican congressman, represents Virginia's 9th District, which includes much of Southwest and part of Southside Virginia. He was first elected to the U.S. House in 2010. He serves on the House's Energy and Commerce Committee, which includes assignments on the Health, Energy and Power, and Oversight and Investigations subcommittees.
He previously served in Virginia's House of Delegates from 1994 to 2011 and was the House Majority Leader beginning in 2000.
Griffith graduated in 1980 from Emory and Henry College, Emory, and obtained a law degree in 1983 from Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington.
Date: February 18, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: environment
Context: an e-mail newsletter and House floor speech
Fact-check justification: According to independent water experts, high conductivity in coal country strongly correlates with the loss of aquatic species. Griffith sought to confuse the issue with a non sequitur about bottled water. Saying Perrier is good for humans and therefore must be OK for fish seems to us like saying that because humans eat oranges, fish should too. The congressman has ignored critical facts to give his constituents a skewed impression of an EPA rule. We rate the  .
Statement: As a lawyer working in Korea, Nate McMurray helped send American jobs to Asia
Speaker: chris jacobs
About the speaker: Chris Jacobs is a candidate for New York State Senate District 60. He currently serves as Erie County Clerk.
Date: June 17, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: elections;trade
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: McMurray was one of thousands of members of a business association that supported the U.S.-Korea trade agreement, which took effect in March 2012. After the trade deal took effect, the trade deficit grew. But nothing Jacobs provided showed that McMurray was responsible for American jobs moving to Asia, whether it was New Era moving their manufacturing offshore, but not to Korea, or New Era seeking to sell their products in retail stores in Korea, or American Axle closing its Cheektowaga plant months before U.S.-Korea trade deal even took effect. It was  two years ago. And it remains  now.
Statement: The United States was not one of 16 countries where David Perdue said in his Pillowtex deposition that he created jobs.
Speaker: michelle nunn
About the speaker: Michelle Nunn was the chief executive officer of the Points of Light Foundation, a charitable organization. She is the daughter of former U.S. Sen. Sam Nunn, a Democrat from Georgia. Michelle Nunn is running for the U.S. Senate as a Democrat.
Date: October 7, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: a U.S. Senate debate
Fact-check justification: Nunn is accurate to say Perdue lists job creation in 16 countries in his 2005 deposition. The United States isn’t one of them. But legal experts say it is unfair to focus too much on a missing answer in a deposition, since the real culprit would be a missing question. Nunn’s  contains an element of  but takes it out of context to be . We rate it .
Statement: Speaking of the federal debt before the coronavirus pandemic, "we were starting to get that number down.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 14, 2020
Topics: debt;deficit;economy;federal budget
Context: a discussion with business leaders
Fact-check justification: Public debt and gross debt have gone up during Trump’s presidency. Debt as a percentage of the GDP has also increased throughout his administration. We rate Trump’s  . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Democrats compare the infrastructure programs in the stimulus to the Eisenhower interstate program, "but he proposed a $500 billion highway system, and they're going to put $30 billion" into roads and bridges.
Speaker: john mica
About the speaker: John Mica is a Republican congressman from Winter Park-based Congressional District 7 in Central Florida. As of January 2011, he is chairman of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee.
Date: January 28, 2009
Location: national
Topics: stimulus;transportation
Context: the Washington Post
Fact-check justification: But the ultimate cost is in line with what Mica said: The total cost is now roughly $445 billion in today's dollars, according to a 1996 report for the American Highway Users Alliance. Another estimate , on the Web site What it Costs.com, puts the number right at $500 billion. So Mica is right on the $30 billion for the current stimulus bill, but the $500 billion interstate cost he cites is the ultimate cost, not the original proposal from Eisenhower. His underlying point is still correct, however, that the highway portion of the stimulus bill is small compared with Ike's plan. So we find his statement .
Statement: Palin "fired Wasilla's Police Chief because he 'intimidated' her.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: August 31, 2008
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: an e-mail message
Fact-check justification: The e-mail says Palin "fired Wasilla's Police Chief because he 'intimidated' her, she told the press." Not all of Wasilla's press coverage from that time (particularly the archives of Wasilla's newspapaper The Frontiersman ) is available online, so we can't say for sure that Palin did or did not say that. Palin's memo from the lawsuit is convincing  that she felt Stambaugh tried to intimidate her. The main reason Palin fired Stambaugh appears to be for issues of loyalty and support, as outlined in her memo, but it also specifically mentions intimidation. We find the statement that Palin fired Wasilla's Police Chief because he 'intimidated' her to be .
Statement: The vast, overwhelming majority of [crimes that occur with a firearm] are committed by people who don't legally possess that firearm in the first place.
Speaker: michael chippendale
About the speaker: Michael W. Chippendale, of Foster, is a Republican state representative for District 40 in Rhode Island.
Date: December 3, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: criminal justice;crime;guns
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Rep. Michael Chippendale said: "The vast overwhelming majority of [crimes that occur with a firearm] are committed by people who don’t legally possess that firearm in the first place." Chippendale was  when he said there was "a lot of data" to back his . We found very little. The few studies we did find suggested that at least a majority of perpetrators of gun crimes don’t legally possess the guns they used. And the experts we talked with generally backed that up. Allowing for some hyperbole on Chippendale's part, and given all of the uncertainties in the data, we rate his statement  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Says Kay Hagan "supports waivers for friends of Obama and special treatment for Congress and their staffs.
Speaker: americans for prosperity
About the speaker: Americans for Prosperity is a conservative group advocates for limited government, free markets and fiscal and regulatory restraint.
Date: October 29, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a YouTube ad
Fact-check justification: More than 1,000 companies have received Obamacare waivers, but there’s no  to suggest that those groups are all Obama’s "friends." Meanwhile, Congress and their staffs do have to adhere to the reform’s individual mandate, and in a key way are treated worse than other Americans by the law, which is a curious definition of "special treatment." We rate Americans For Prosperity’s  .
Statement: As a former federal prosecutor, I prosecuted over 4,000 cases.
Speaker: catherine hanaway
About the speaker: Catherine Hanaway is a Republican candidate for governor of Missouri. She previously served as speaker of the the state House and later as U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri.
Date: March 17, 2016
Location: missouri
Topics: candidate biography;criminal justice;legal issues
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Hanaway told an audience that she prosecuted over 4,000 cases during her time as the U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri. Based on federal data, Hanaway’s office dealt with well over 4,000 cases and each case required her personal signature. Her words might suggest that she handled each case herself, but most listeners would understand that she ran a large office. We rate this statement .
Statement: The previous administration under President Barack Obama really was the first time that we didn't ask a citizenship-type question … for the first time in a century, a citizenship question was not included in 2010.
Speaker: mark meadows
About the speaker: Mark Meadows is a North Carolina Republican member of the United States Congress.
Date: March 14, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: immigration;census;corrections and updates
Context: a congressional hearing
Fact-check justification: Meadows said, "The previous administration under President Barack Obama really was the first time that we didn’t ask a citizenship-type question … for the first time in a century, a citizenship question was not included in 2010."  That’s factually . A citizenship question has not been asked of all U.S. households since 1950, when it was a follow-up for foreign-born respondents. In 2010, the Census Bureau sent a citizenship question to approximately 3.5 million households through the ACS. We rate this statement . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] Correction:  A previous version of this fact-check mistakenly said "Walker" instead of "Meadows" in the third-to-last paragraph. Our ruling remains the same.
Statement: Woman set to testify against Clintons blown up in home explosion.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 11, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The website further embeds itself into  news territory by deeming this the fifth death in its "Clinton body count series." We’ve debunked similar claims about the Clintons getting involved in shady business and plotting to kill others before. Like those claims, this one provides plenty of speculation, but no  to substantiate its headline. A woman died in a home explosion, but she was not set to testify against the Clintons. We rate this statement .
Statement: Suez Canal blocked by huge container ship named Evergreen. Evergreen shipping is most likely a cover for human and sex trafficking" by Hillary Clinton.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 24, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Clinton’s initials are HRC. It’s unclear what cargo the Evergreen ship is carrying, but there’s no  that it’s people. We reached out to Evergreen through its website for a comment, but we haven’t heard back. The post is ,  and free of proof. We rate it !
Statement: According to "independent experts," Donald Trump's tax plan "would blow up the debt by over $5 trillion and would in some instances disadvantage middle-class families compared to the wealthy.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: September 26, 2016
Location: national
Topics: debt;deficit;taxes
Context: a Presidential debate at Hofstra University
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that, according to "independent experts," Trump's tax plan "would blow up the debt by over $5 trillion and would in some instances disadvantage middle-class families compared to the wealthy." Batchelder’s past work for Senate Democrats and the Obama White House may lead some to question whether she is an "independent expert." But her estimate of the debt increase was mirrored by findings by the more conservative Tax Foundation and the deficit-hawk Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget. And the Tax Foundation said Batchelder’s analysis of tax increases for some families seemed "reasonable." We rate Clinton’s statement .