chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The graduation rate in New York City has increased by 50 percent in 13 years
Speaker: bill de blasio
About the speaker: Bill de Blasio is the mayor of New York City. He has been mayor since 2014. De Blasio received a bachelor’s degree in metropolitan studies from New York University and a master’s degree in international affairs from Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in September.
Date: January 3, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: education
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: De Blasio said "the graduation rate in New York City has increased by 50 percent in 13 years." The increase between 2005 and 2016 is about 50 percent. We rate de Blasio’s  .
Statement: One in four Texans lacks health insurance, the highest proportion in the nation.
Speaker: paul krugman
About the speaker: Paul Krugman is a columnist for the New York Times and professor of Economics and International Affairs at Princeton University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2008. He describes himself as liberal.
Date: August 15, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care;pundits
Context: the "New York Times"
Fact-check justification: On the other side of the political spectrum, John C. Goodman of the Texas-based National Center for Policy Analysis, which advocates free market approaches, said Texas uninsurance rates are explained by ethnicity and poverty. "The state’s population is disproportionately Hispanic and Hispanics tend to have twice the uninsured rate. Also, we have a lot of low-income people in the state," he said. In ruling on Krugman's statement, we're looking at his statement, "One in four Texans lacks health insurance, the highest proportion in the nation." He got his numbers right, so we rate his statement .
Statement: The coronavirus was invented and patented in the USA and then planted in China.
Speaker: youtube videos
About the speaker: Videos uploaded to YouTube.
Date: February 19, 2020
Topics: china;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a YouTube post
Fact-check justification: There is no credible  to back a  that the coronavirus was invented in the U.S. "and then planted in China." The best available information is that the virus originated in China with an animal and then spread to humans. We rate the statement .
Statement: There's more murders with hammers last year than...shotguns and pistols and AK-47s.
Speaker: bill jackson
About the speaker: Bill Jackson was elected to the Georgia Senate in June 2007 in a special election to represent portions of seven counties in northeast Georgia. He previously served 16 years in the Georgia House of Representatives.
Date: February 11, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: guns
Context: a meeting
Fact-check justification: There were actually 12 times as many people killed with handguns in 2011 than with blunt objects like hammers. Jackson’s  is way off. Mark Twain once said the difference between the almost right word and the right word is really a large matter - it’s the difference between a lightning bug and the lightning. And where there’s lightning, things are bound to get hot -- we said that.    We rate Jackson’s  .
Statement: We spend a staggering amount of money on health care — over $2-trillion and almost twice as much as any other country per person.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: April 28, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a campaign stop at Miami children's hospital
Fact-check justification: The fact that the United States has no such mandate, but still spends ever greater sums on health care, speaks in part to inefficiencies and waste within the system. The United States isn't getting better results for the money; it had the lowest life expectancy — 77.8 years — among the 15 countries that spend the most, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, an umbrella group for 30 industrialized nations committed to free market principles. And there are widespread disparities in the quality of care, depending on one's insurance coverage, income, race and ethnicity. McCain's statement accurately takes stock of the scope of medical inflation and places it in the context of overall national spending. But because he overstates how bad the U.S. problem is in relation to other nations, we rule his statement .
Statement: Florida is considered the fourth-largest gambling state in the nation.
Speaker: ellyn bogdanoff
About the speaker: State Rep. Ellyn Bogdanoff of Fort Lauderdale is running for the Florida Senate.
Date: October 26, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: gambling
Context: a newspaper article
Fact-check justification: As Bogdanoff introduced her casino bill she said: "Florida is considered the fourth-largest gambling state in the nation..." But this isn't as simple as college football rankings. There isn't one universally accepted measure. Now, Bogdanoff's legislative assistant acknowledges she should have specified tribal gaming. But that said, Bogdanoff's broader point is certainly supported from the majority of research, which suggests that -- if you include the state lottery -- Florida is certainly a big gambling state. No. 4? That's a lot less clear and very much dependent on what you measure and how you measure it. On balance, we rate this  .
Statement: Premature babies are at a much higher risk of injury from immunizations than full-term babies.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 10, 2022
Topics: health care;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: The third study only looked at hospital and ER admission rates between premature and full-term infants following their vaccinations, not side effects. It found that vaccinations did not affect hospital admissions.   None of the studies recommended against vaccinating or delaying vaccinations for premature and underweight infants. Medical professionals say vaccines are safe to use in premature infants and should be administered according to the same immunization schedule as full-term babies.   We rate this  .
Statement: Austin mass shooter still at large, but media won't provide description because he's Black.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 15, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "If a description is vague, and it could literally describe thousands or millions of people, we don’t share it," the station said. "In other words: Race and gender alone are not enough. "  The Associated Press Stylebook, a widely used guide for journalists, advises that news organizations should "consider carefully when deciding whether to identify people by race." Race is pertinent "in cases where suspects or missing persons are being sought," according to the stylebook, but only when "the descriptions provided are detailed and not solely racial." We rate this post .
Statement: Seniors will have to find $12,500 for health care because Republicans voted to end Medicare.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: April 18, 2011
Location: national
Topics: medicare;retirement
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: Both Republicans and Democrats would no doubt agree that Ryan’s plan for Medicare is a dramatic change of course. But we don’t agree with the ad’s contention that the proposal ends Medicare. Additionally, images in the ad imply that current seniors will have to go back to work to pay for changes to the program. That’s not  either. It’s actually those 54 and younger who will need extra money. With its scenes of seniors going back to work, it seems intended to frighten those who are currently enrolled in Medicare. Finally, the Republicans' vote was symbolic and didn’t actually change the program. When you add up all those distortions, we find the ad highly . The ad’s aged firefighter says, "Did someone call the fire department? Because it's about to get HOT in here!" We agree. !
Statement: For the first time in 35 years, we have more businesses closing than starting.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: October 28, 2015
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;economy;small business
Context: the third Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Rubio said that "for the first time in 35 years, we have more businesses dying than we do starting." As recently as 2014, researchers came to that conclusion looking at Census Bureau data from 2009-11. That’s the information Rubio likely relied on in making his . But more up-to-date Census information says the trend has reversed and that in 2012 and 2013, more businesses started then closed. The balance is very tight in 2013 and we don’t have the numbers for 2014 or 2015. We rate this  .
Statement: Oregon and the federal government now have more than one million acres of burnt land and millions of trees are being left to rot.
Speaker: gordon challstrom
About the speaker: Gordon Challstrom is a Medford businessman and Republican who is running for governor. 
Date: January 15, 2014
Location: oregon
Topics: environment
Context: a campaign website statement
Fact-check justification: The second part, according to two forestry experts, is impossible to pin down. As for Challstrom’s , part of it is accurate, even if he used some faulty analysis to arrive at it. The second part is nearly impossible to verify but, according to one expert "could very well be ." We rate Challstrom’s  . Return to OregonLive.com/politics to comment on this ruling.
Statement: Says that  in the recent year homeowners across Ohio have signed mineral rights agreements "and I understand that over a billion dollars worth of leases have been signed to date.
Speaker: michael skindell
About the speaker: Michael Skindell is a Democrat from Lakewood, Ohio. He was elected to the Ohio Senate in 2010 from the 23rd District. Prior to that he was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives.
Date: September 7, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: environment
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: "The amount invested in the Utica and Marcellus would far exceed that number today, but I am no longer keeping track of investment figures." Although he might not have been right on the money, Skindell was very much in the ballpark with respect to Chesapeake’s figures. If anything, he undersold the political point he was trying to make: that Ohio is on the cusp of a fracking boom. Skindell’s words were "over a billion dollars worth of leases," and clearly that is the case. As a result, we rate Skindell’s statement .
Statement: In 2008, "33.2 percent of those who voted early on the last Sunday before Election Day were African-American, while 23.6 percent were Hispanic.
Speaker: corrine brown
About the speaker: Corrine Brown was elected to Congress from the Third District of Florida in 1992.
Date: June 15, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Brown said that "Statistics show that in the 2008 general election in Florida, 33.2 percent of those who voted early on the last Sunday before Election Day were African-American, while 23.6 percent were Hispanic." She used that statistic to predict that changes to voting law will disproportionately impact minorities. The law’s proponents predict that it won’t, and that minorities will avail themselves of other days and times for early voting. We can’t settle that argument. But we did check the numbers Brown cited. Those numbers are backed up by sound research from multiple sources. We rate her  .
Statement: The federal government is "making the decision, whether we like it or not, to send 425 refugees to our state" from Syria.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: November 17, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;terrorism
Context: an interview on Fox
Fact-check justification: Rick Scott says the federal government is "making the decision, whether we like it or not, to send 425 refugees to our state" from Syria. Scott’s statement makes it sound like federal officials came up with a number of refugees and dictated that Florida must take them in. That’s , because the number came from local resettlement agencies, which reported to the federal government how many additional refugees they could handle within the next year. Those refugees might or might not all be Syrians, though it seems likely they would be. Scott has a point that the power to resettle refugees lies with the federal government, and he can’t halt the refugees from coming to Florida. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says "nearly 29,000 Oregonians — almost 5 percent of all homeowners — are 90 days or more delinquent on their mortgage.
Speaker: ellen rosenblum
About the speaker: Ellen Rosenblum is a former Oregon Court of Appeals judge running for Oregon Attorney General.
Date: August 3, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: housing
Context: an opinion article
Fact-check justification: However, CoreLogic’s data is the same data used by the federal reserve. If it’s good enough for them, we figure it’s good enough for us. In introducing a revised mediation program, Rosenblum wrote that the housing crash lingers and that nearly 5 percent of all homeowners are more than 90 days delinquent on their mortgage. We verified that her figures were right and that 5 percent does, indeed, represent a number well above what we’d experience before the recession. We rate this  .
Statement: Florida hospital reports a coronavirus 'infestation' with multiple confirmed patients.
Speaker: yourcontent
About the speaker: Your Content is a website run by Nikolaos Hatziefstathiou, a Pennsylvania man who has been accused of fabricating documents, impersonating journalists and writing false news stories.
Date: March 1, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: We reached out to Doctors Hospital and YourContent for comment, but we haven’t heard back. Since its outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December, the 2019 coronavirus has infected more than 87,000 people in 58 countries. In the United States, there have been 43 confirmed cases and six deaths , as of March 2, not including those repatriated to the country. The Florida hospital mentioned in the article did not "report a coronavirus ‘infestation’ with multiple confirmed patients." We rate this  .
Statement: The United States is the only industrialized country that does not guarantee paid time off to care for a new child.
Speaker: don beyer
About the speaker: Donald S. Beyer Jr. is the Democratic nominee for 8th District congressional seat Democrat in Northern Virginia. The seat has been occupied since 1992 by Democrat Jim Moran, who is not seeking reelection.
Beyer served two terms as Virginia's lieutenant governor from 1990 to 1998. He ran for governor in 1997 and lost to Republican Jim Gilmore. From 2009 to 2013, he was ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein.  
Beyer and his younger brother, Michael, are the owners of nine car dealerships in Northern Virginia.
Beyer was born in 1950 in Trieste, Italy, the son of a U.S. Army officer. He was raised in Washington, D.C. and graduated from Williams College, magna cum laude, with a degree in economics.
 
Date: August 25, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: families;women;workers
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: Beyer says the U.S. is the only industrialized country that doesn’t guarantee parents paid time off to care for their newborns. To a very large extent, he’s right. The U.S. is the only developed country that doesn’t mandate paid leave for working mothers, according to United Nations’ statistics. But there are two footnotes to Beyer’s statement: 1) Many nations that mandate paid maternity leave don’t offer the benefit to all moms and; 2) There are a handful of developed nations in addition to the U.S. that don’t offer paid paternity leave. So we rate Beyer’s statement .
Statement: The Federal Aviation Administration widened its electrocardiogram parameters for pilots because "a substantial number of airline pilots have had serious heart damage" from COVID-19 vaccines.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: January 17, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The Federal Aviation Administration told PolitiFact it raised the cutoff for a first degree ventricular block from 200 milliseconds, or 0.2 seconds, to 300 milliseconds, or 0.3 seconds, because the agency’s cardiology consultants provided information indicating that a PR interval under 0.3 seconds isn’t a risk for subtle or sudden incapacitation.   The administration has "no  of aircraft accidents or incapacitations caused by pilots suffering medical complications associated with COVID-19 vaccines," a statement from the agency said. "When making changes to medical requirements and guidance, the FAA follows standard processes based on data and science. New scientific  enabled the FAA to safely raise the tolerance used to screen for a certain heart condition." We rate claims that the change was linked to COVID-19 vaccines .
Statement: Scott Walker's income "tax plan is a tax hike. It increases taxes for nearly 80% of the people in the state.
Speaker: mary burke
About the speaker: Burke is a former Trek Bicycle executive and former Wisconsin Commerce Department secretary who announced on Oct. 7, 2013 that she would seek the Democratic nomination for governor in Wisconsin in the fall 2014 election against incument Republican Gov. Scott Walker. She lost to Walker on Nov. 4, 2014. She is a school board member in Madison, Wisconsin.
Date: January 7, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: income;jobs;state budget;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Burke said Walker's income "tax plan is a tax hike. It increases taxes for nearly 80 percent of the people in the state." Walker wants to explore the possibility of eliminating the state income tax, which likely would trigger some increase in the state sales tax. But he has not advanced a plan to eliminate the income tax, nor to raise the sales tax by any particular amount. For a statement that is  and , we give Burke a .
Statement: So California is requiring signature verification for Gavin Newsom's recall, but didn't require it for the mail in ballots.
Speaker: kevin sorbo
About the speaker: Kevin Sorbo is an actor. Among other roles, he starred as "Hercules" in a 1990s TV series about the mythological hero. He is also an author and a supporter of former President Donald Trump.
Date: February 15, 2021
Location: california
Topics: elections;pundits;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Sorbo said, "So California is requiring signature verification for Gavin Newsom’s recall, but didn’t require it for the mail in ballots." On the contrary, California did require signature verification for mail-in ballots during the 2020 election. Officials in all 58 of the state’s counties were required by law to check the signature on each voter’s ballot envelope against the signature from that person’s voter registration. We rate this statement !
Statement: Says if you try to hide marijuana in a hemp field, "it becomes worthless. The THC goes away.
Speaker: larry yarborough
About the speaker: Larry Yarborough is a Republican member of the N.C. House of Representatives from Roxboro who represents Granville and Person counties.
Date: June 9, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: drugs;government regulation;regulation;science;marijuana
Context: the legislature about hemp regulations
Fact-check justification: Yarborough said that if you try to hide a marijuana growing operation in a hemp field, "it becomes worthless. The THC goes away." Cross-pollination of hemp and marijuana will cause marijuana's buds to lose much of their high-inducing THC, but the THC won’t go away entirely. Researchers agree that while the drug won’t become completely impotent, it will lose much or all of its worth and would also likely damage the value of the hemp crop. We rate this  .
Statement: Says he was "a Marine during Vietnam.
Speaker: dale peterson
About the speaker: Dale Peterson is a former Republican candidate for agriculture commissioner in Alabama.
Date: May 25, 2010
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;ethics;message machine 2010;military;veterans
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: Peterson's words in the ad are technically accurate, but we think it's  by omission. We agree with Newberry that Peterson appears to be letting people draw their own conclusions, and we think all but the most attentive people would assume if you said you served in the Marines during Vietnam that you served in the Marines in Vietnam. And we think the wording in the campaign press release is even more likely to confuse people. At PolitiFact, we rate statements that are accurate but ignore critical facts as . And we think that describes Peterson's  to a "T": .
Statement: Says "Russ Feingold cut Medicare by $523 billion.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: October 7, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;medicare;message machine 2010
Context: campaign literature mailed to state residents
Fact-check justification: What Johnson labels a cut is an attempt to slow the projected increase in spending by $500 billion. Under the plan, guaranteed benefits are not cut. In fact, some benefits are increased. Johnson can say Feingold was the deciding vote -- but so could 59 other people running against incumbents now or in the future. We rate Johnson’s