chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: We now have more jobs in solar than we do in oil.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: December 8, 2015
Location: new hampshire
Topics: environment;economy;energy;jobs;labor
Context: an editorial board interview with the Concord Monitor
Fact-check justification: Clinton said "we now have more jobs in solar than we do in oil." But the numbers don’t support that . For the oil industry, she didn’t look at the whole picture. And self-reported calculations by both the solar and oil and gas industry aren’t close. Oil and gas reports 10 times more jobs.   Independent data from the federal government also shows more jobs in oil and gas compared to solar.   Maybe someday Clinton’s  will be , but for now we rate it .
Statement: President Obama once said he wants everybody in America to go to college.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: February 25, 2012
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: Troy, Mich
Fact-check justification: Santorum claimed that Obama "once said he wants everybody in America to go to college." We found 18 statements from Obama about people attending college. In the vast majority of the 18, Obama talked about making college a possibility or included the option of attending community colleges or vocational training instead. We found three that offered partial support for Santorum's , but their tenor was mainly about opening doors for people who want to go to college, not a clear desire that everyone enroll. We rate the  . UPDATE : Santorum backtracked on this  during the March 4, 2012, edition of Fox News Sunday after being pressed by host Chris Wallace, the Boston Globe reported . "I've read some columns where at least it was characterized that the president said, we should go to four-year colleges," Santorum said , adding, "If it was in error, then I agree with the president that we should have options for people to go to variety of different training options for them."
Statement: The proposed excise tax on "Cadillac" health plans will hit "those making less than $200,000" the hardest.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: October 17, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care;taxes
Context: a note on Facebook
Fact-check justification: She said that according to the Joint Committee's report "those making less than $200,000 will be hit hardest" by the excise tax. We want to emphasize that the tax will affect only a minority of taxpayers. But Palin is right that of the taxpayers it does affect, a majority make less than $200,000, according to the Joint Committee analysis. It turns out a lot of regular Joes and Janes have those 'Cadillac' plans. We rate her statement .
Statement: We have scientific data, from all different levels, but particularly from the high school sports levels, from numerous different states that shows that it is safe to play what New York is considering high-risk sports.
Speaker: colin schmitt
About the speaker: Colin Schmitt was first elected to the Assembly in 2018 and represents parts of Orange and Rockland counties. 
Date: January 14, 2021
Location: new york
Topics: education;sports;coronavirus
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Schmitt said scientific data shows it’s safe to play all sports while following health and safety protocols, even those considered "high risk."  But the data that Schmitt provided did not address all of the high-risk sports. There are indications that participation in certain sports does not lead to greater transmission of the virus. And the University of Maryland professor we talked to said he believes high school students can play sports safely by following the right precautions. But the key word in Schmitt's statement is "scientific." Tallying survey results is not conclusive scientific  regarding all of the sports that Schmitt wanted to see resumed, such as wrestling and ice hockey.  Even the medical school dean at the University of Wisconsin advised against relying on a colleague's report because it wasn't peer reviewed and the data collection depended on the high schools. If Schmitt had said "mounting " or "early indications" show playing high school sports is safe amid a pandemic, that would not have been . But he said "scientific data," which implies a more rigorous standard has been met. It hasn't. We rate Schmitt’s  .
Statement: The premier of Australia's Victoria state "is freezing people's bank accts" if they are not vaccinated. "They can't buy or sell until forced into submission.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 31, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that the premier of Victoria, Australia, is freezing the bank accounts of unvaccinated people to pressure them to get vaccinated against COVID-19. We found no  to support this . We rate this post .
Statement: 95 percent of the income gains in the last few years have gone to the top 1 percent.
Speaker: neera tanden
About the speaker: Neera Tanden is the President of the Center for American Progress and Counselor to the Center for American Progress Action Fund. She worked in the White Houses of both Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama.
Date: April 27, 2014
Topics: income;jobs;punditfact
Context: comments on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Tanden said that 95 percent of the income gains have gone to the top 1 percent of earners. Tanden accurately reflected the findings of a much publicized report. Other studies confirm the overall trend in that report, although the disparities in gains between the wealthiest Americans and everyone else are not always as large as Tanden said and depend on how you define income. Tanden’s statement is accurate but in need of clarification. We rate it .
Statement: Says Republican candidates in key Wisconsin Assembly races "side with those who want to privatize Social Security -- and risk our retirements on Wall Street.
Speaker: greater wisconsin committee
About the speaker: The Greater Wisconsin Committee is a liberal group active in Wisconsin state politics, from legislative races to statewide offices. It receives money from a variety of sources, including labor unions. Its campaign ads are typically done through the Greater Wisconsin Political Fund.
Date: October 27, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: message machine 2010
Context: radio ads and direct mail pieces
Fact-check justification: To play to fears of seniors and others, the group labels a proposal from U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R-Wisconsin, as privatizing Social Security. Even if the plan did privatize Social Security (in our view it does not), the group has offered no  that the GOP Assembly candidates back it. The "proof" cited borders on : One candidate praised Ryan, one got his picture taken with him and a third had Ryan appear at his campaign fundraiser. Is that cigar still burning? If not, we need a light, because the ruling is .
Statement: In the last several months, the Biden administration has released over 7,000 illegal aliens who were COVID positive just in one Texas city." Biden's border policies are "endangering not just the people of Texas, but people all across the country.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: August 4, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;public health;coronavirus
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: That’s a positivity rate of about 8%.  However, most migrants who test positive are released to non-profits that place them in quarantine before they move throughout the U.S.  Cruz’s overall point — that migrants are fueling the current COVID surge — is not supported by data. The 8% positivity rate of migrants released in McAllen is less than the state’s average. And data shows that the distribution of COVID cases throughout the U.S. corresponds more to low vaccination rates than migration patterns.   We rate this  .
Statement: The United States (is) the largest provider of humanitarian assistance to displaced persons and refugees.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: November 15, 2015
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;terrorism
Context: a joint statement with the president of Turkey
Fact-check justification: Obama said that the United States is the largest provider of humanitarian assistance to displaced persons and refugees. We found that America gives more humanitarian aid than any other country, and it ranks first in supporting the UN’s lead agency in helping refugees. While the numbers are a bit inexact, an expert we reached said all the numbers point toward the United States being the top donor. While other countries give more relative to the size of their economy, the total volume of dollars matters most in terms of being able to provide more food, shelter and medical care. However, countries that host refugees also provide humanitarian assistance in ways that are not so easily tallied. Those efforts should factor into an assessment of each nation’s level of aid. Obama was likely thinking in terms of financial support and in that regard, his statement holds water. But it’s important to acknowledge that other forms of assistance matter. The statement is largely correct but it requires a bit more information. We rate it .
Statement: White House Political Director Patrick Gaspard once served as the "right-hand man" for Bertha Lewis, who heads up ACORN.
Speaker: steve doocy
About the speaker: Steve Doocy is a host of the Fox and Friends program on the Fox News channel.
Date: September 29, 2009
Location: national
Topics: pundits
Context: a statement on Fox and Friends
Fact-check justification: And Vadum relied on Rathke's blog posting. So the  is understandable. But in their zeal to paint an "A" on Gaspard's sweater, the pundits never made an effort to find out if it was right. And it wasn't. We rule the statement .
Statement: A farm with 2,500 dairy cattle is similar in waste load to a city of 411,000 people.
Speaker: jill karofsky
About the speaker: Dane County Circuit Judge Jill Karofsky is campaigning for the state Supreme Court.
Date: July 8, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment;agriculture;legal issues
Context: Legal opinion
Fact-check justification: In writing a recent decision for the state Supreme Court, Karofsky claimed a herd of 2,500 cows produces as much waste as a city of 411,000 people. The statistic was part of a case that upheld the state DNR’s ability to consider the number of animals at factory farms and whether groundwater should be monitored offsite.  That’s an awful lot of waste from a lot of cows. And a 17-year-old study included the figure. But newer numbers suggest that while cows produce a lot of waste -- up to 17 gallons of it a day, per animal -- a farm of 2,500 cows isn’t producing the same amount of waste as 411,000 people. It’s more like 100,000 people. We’re going to have to call bull on this .  We rate this  .
Statement: Half of all immigrant households receive benefits from our social welfare system.
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: August 8, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration;welfare
Context: a USA Today op-ed
Fact-check justification: Perdue said, "Half of all immigrant households receive benefits from our social welfare system." Cash assistance for immigrants is very low, about 6 percent, but there are other programs from which immigrants benefit, and Perdue cited benefits broadly. Research from the Center for Immigration Studies found that in 2012, 51 percent of immigrant-headed households (living here legally or illegally) reported to have used at least one welfare program during the year. That percentage includes a broad definition of welfare, including school lunch. Excluding subsidized school lunches, welfare use for immigrant households would be 46 percent, according to the study. The study included as welfare beneficiaries immigrant households in which a U.S.-born child is benefitting from a welfare program. Another report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine found that 45 percent of immigrant households had food assistance and 46 percent had Medicaid. Perdue’s statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Federal law for Obamacare navigators "does not bar — or even require screening for — convicted felons, including individuals convicted of identity theft or fraud.
Speaker: pete sessions
About the speaker: Pete Sessions, who represents a Dallas-area district in the U.S. House, was initially elected to Congress in 1996.
Date: December 15, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: criminal justice;health care;crime
Context: an oped column
Fact-check justification: Sessions said federal law related to Obamacare navigators "does not bar—or even require screening for—convicted felons, including individuals convicted of identity theft or fraud." That’s correct, but this  is missing important meaningful information. For instance, it fails to note that the federal government has an Excluded Parties list that prevents grants from going to agencies not in good standing. Also, the  doesn’t acknowledge that states are permitted to impose background checks. A Texas agency was already weighing such a mandate when Sessions made this  while nationally, other states have done so or are considering as much. Finally, this  fails to note that the biggest Texas contractor for navigators has reported conducting a background check of each navigator it hired. We rate this statement, which lacks relevant details and context, as .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The "post-Soviet industrial meltdown is responsible for most of the progress in reducing carbon emissions that Europe is able to claim.
Speaker: eugene robinson
About the speaker: Eugene Robinson is a columnist for the Washington Post.
Date: December 1, 2009
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;pundits
Context: a Washington Post column
Fact-check justification: "The point I was trying to make, and I still believe it's valid, is that the Soviet bloc collapse created a huge, one-time fall-off in emissions that makes the numbers look better than they otherwise would against the Kyoto targets," he wrote. With that point, we concur. Our experts tell us that it's widely understood that the fall of the Soviet Union meant major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. But they also said that Robinson glosses over important points in his statement, including that many European Union countries have taken key steps to slow climate change. We give Robinson a .
Statement: Did U know? Block Island Wind Farm would mean 40% est. drop in BI electric rates.
Speaker: deepwater wind
About the speaker: Deepwater Wind is a Providence-based company that is developing offshore power-generating wind farm projects. It is planning to build up to 200 wind turbines in Rhode Island Sound that could provide electricity to Rhode Island, Massachusetts and New York.
Date: December 12, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: energy;infrastructure
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: Deepwater Wind’s Tweet claimed electricity rates on Block Island will fall by 40 percent if a planned wind farm is built. The island’s Electric Utility Task Group says that, based on current prices of diesel fuel, the rates would drop 42 percent. We rule Deepwater’s  . (If you hear a  you’d like us to check, e-mail it to [email protected] . And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: A three-cents-per-ounce soda tax in Philadelphia "would result in the loss of 2,000 family-sustaining Teamster Union jobs and countless other jobs in the beverage industry.
Speaker: daniel grace
About the speaker: Secretary of Teamsters Local 830
Date: May 17, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: taxes
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Is it within the realm of possibility that 2,000 beverage industry employees would lose their jobs due to the soda tax? Maybe. Is it likely? Not at all. We rate this  .
Statement: Sen. Arlen Specter's party switch could "end up giving Republicans the ability to filibuster judicial nominees at the Judiciary Committee level so that the nominees never get out of committee.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: May 1, 2009
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;pundits
Context: a radio show
Fact-check justification: He admits it's a longshot. But it's not a filibuster in committee in the way that the rule works. And unlike the classic filibuster, the Rule IV move could likely be overcome by the full Senate. But at its core, Limbaugh is right it's a possible maneuver for the Republican minority. We rule Limbaugh's statement .
Statement: We've caught Iran cheating on the interim (nuclear) deal.
Speaker: stephen hayes
About the speaker: Stephen Hayes is a senior writer at the Weekly Standard, a conservative magazine, and author of The Connection: How al Qaeda's Collaboration with Saddam Hussein Has Endangered America.
Date: December 28, 2014
Topics: foreign policy;nuclear;punditfact
Context: a panel discussion on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Hayes said Iran had been caught cheating on the interim deal to rein in Iran’s nuclear program, called the Joint Plan of Action. First, the International Atomic Energy Agency has reported no violations with the Joint Plan of Action. That said, there are some actions by Iran that certainly cut near the boundaries of the terms of the agreement. Iran has worked with a new kind of centrifuge that, while perhaps not a formal violation, does seem to contradict the United States’ understanding of the deal, an expert told us. When confronted on the matter, Iran stopped its work. Also, there is some question about the amount of oil Iran is exporting. But an expert said we just don’t have enough information to determine whether that constitutes a violation of the agreement or not. Hayes said we caught Iran cheating. You can say some allege that, and you can say there’s some  that might suggest that. But we found no hand in the cookie jar. As such, we rate this  . Consider helping fund PolitiFact's Kickstarter to live fact-check the 2015 State of the Union and GOP response.
Statement: Arnold Schwarzenegger: 'I would be a better president than Trump ...2020 wait for me do you agree??
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 9, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Coloradopost.site does not include any information on its website detailing who’s behind it or a way to contact its operators. (There are fields to post a comment to the story.) We found no  of Schwarzenegger saying exactly what the site claims — including to wait for him in 2020. Making up quotes, even if the some of the sentiment has been expressed before, is a big no-no. We rate the headline .
Statement: (Flint, Mich., is) paying three times more for poison water than I am paying in Burlington, Vt., for clean water.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: March 6, 2016
Location: national
Topics: city government;water
Context: Flint, Mich
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "You are paying three times more for poison water than I am paying in Burlington, Vt., for clean water." Going back to January 2015, we find that’s the case, as long as we include both water rates and water meter charges in Flint. But after a judge rolled Flint’s rates back in August 2015, people there are paying a little more than twice as much as people in Burlington. His numbers are no longer entirely accurate, but Sanders has a point that Flint’s water bills are gallingly expensive. We rate his statement .