chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says "in Canada, the number of CT scan machines per 1,000 people is like one-tenth of what we have here in this country. That's why people have to wait.
Speaker: herman cain
About the speaker: Herman Cain is an author, columnist and talk radio host. Cain, a former pizza franchise CEO, ran for president as a Republican in 2012.
Date: March 17, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: "They make trade-offs and we make trade-offs," Custer said. "It’s a matter of taste." If Cain had said Canada has one-third the number of CT scanners of the United States, he would have been correct and then we could have examined whether this lack of capacity really does make Canada’s system inferior. That’s not what he said, though, and it doesn’t take a 3-D X-ray imager to know that one-tenth is different than one-third. Prognosis: .
Statement: Rick Perry "has never lost an election and remains the only person to have won the Texas governorship three times in landslide elections.
Speaker: ted nugent
About the speaker: Ted Nugent, who lives near Waco, performed after Gov. Rick Perry's 2007 inauguration. He is an ardent supporter of Second Amendment gun rights. In 2014, he stumped with Texan Greg Abbott for governor and chaired Republican Sid Miller's campaign for state agriculture commissioner.
Date: June 1, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an oped column
Fact-check justification: And, Jillson said, he would not term Perry’s ‘06 win a landslide. Indeed, he said, the governor’s 39 percent amounted to a comeuppance; 60 percent of voters chose a different aspirant. Our take: Perry is the third--not first--Texas governor to win re-election thrice. Two of his wins were bona fide landslides but the third’s landslide status is at least debatable. We rate the  .
Statement: Embalmers finding 'strange clots' in jabbed people
Speaker: newswars
About the speaker: NewsWars is a conspiracy oriented website run by Alex Jones.
Date: January 28, 2022
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a news article
Fact-check justification: A news article claimed that embalmers are "finding ‘strange clots’ in jabbed people." The article gives the impression that the clots are linked to the COVID-19 vaccine. But there’s no scientific  of such a link. Embalmers say they have noticed an uptick in unusual blood clots. But experts noted that the COVID-19 infection itself can cause blood vessel inflammation, damage to very small vessels, and blood clots. We rate this  .
Statement: There are more guns in this country than there are citizens.
Speaker: scott jenkins
About the speaker: Scott Jenkins has been the sheriff of Culpeper County, Va. - about 75 southwest of Washington, D.C. - since 2012. He is an outspoken supporter of gun rights and border security.
Date: January 13, 2020
Topics: population;guns
Context: remarks
Fact-check justification: Jenkins says, "There are more guns in this country than there are citizens." There is no actual count of the number of firearms in the United States. A 2009 study by the Congressional Research Service suggests Jenkins is right. A well-regarded 2015 study at Harvard suggests he’s . So we rate Jenkins’ statement .
Statement: I'm well aware that medical marijuana is a recognized, medical, viable treatment for this sort of [pancreas] pain condition.
Speaker: robert watson
About the speaker: Robert Watson, a Republican from East Greenwich, was House Minority Leader from 1998 to 2011. He retired at the end of the 2012 session.
Date: April 26, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: candidate biography;drugs;health care;legal issues;crime;public health;marijuana
Context: a speech on the House floor
Fact-check justification: "This is a visceral pain syndrome and most cannabis studies have focused on neuropathic pain." The personal reports you can find on the web "have not been validated or evaluated." So as far as we could determine, it's neither recognized nor recommended by the medical community for this use. There are certainly no studies to support its use. We rate his statement  .
Statement: Says the first word spoken from the moon was "Houston.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: January 18, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: space
Context: his inauguration address
Fact-check justification: Now, to the -O-Meter. We understand the everlasting appeal of Houston as the first word flung from the moon. However, we were surprised to learn, it's not so. Armstrong's call from the moon to mission control was preceded by various other and easy-to-overlook words. We rate Perry's statement as .
Statement: Joe Biden's $36 billion for a union pension fund is "the largest private pension bailout in American history.
Speaker: kevin brady
About the speaker: Brady represents a Houston-area U.S. House district.
Date: December 8, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: federal budget;unions;coronavirus
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Brady said Biden’s funding for a union pension fund is "the largest private pension bailout in American history." A bailout is the use of taxpayer funds to help certain institutions that are in financial distress.  The Central States Pension Fund, which provides pension benefits to union workers and retirees, said it applied for the money because the fund is in "critical and declining status." It called the $36 billion it received a "legislative rescue." The White House called the $36 billion "the largest ever award of federal financial support for worker and retiree pension security." We rate Brady’s statement . RELATED: Fact-checks on pensions RELATED: Fact-checks on labor
Statement: The Civics Secures Democracy Act "would allow the Biden administration to buy off states with $6 billion" if they adopt critical race theory.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: June 30, 2022
Location: national
Topics: congress;education;florida
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Instead, it prioritizes grant proposals that improve civic knowledge among "traditionally underserved students." DeSantis also misrepresented the amount of grant funding reserved for the states. The bill would award $585 million to state education agencies for civics initiatives annually for six years — totaling about $3.5 billion, not $6 billion.   The rest of the funding would be given to nonprofit organizations, universities, researchers and a new fellowship program.   We rate DeSantis’  .
Statement: The largest low-wage employer "is not McDonalds or Walmart but the U.S. government.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: September 22, 2015
Location: national
Topics: corporations;federal budget;jobs
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that "the largest low-wage employer is not McDonalds or Walmart but the US government." Measured by the raw numbers, more federal contract workers make less than $12 an hour than workers at Walmart and McDonalds combined. But he is  to suggest these workers are directly employed by the U.S. government, as they actually work for private companies. In addition, a much smaller percentage of federal contract workers make less than $12 an hour when compared to McDonald’s and Walmart. In terms of actual government employees, the U.S. government has historically paid low-skill federal civilian workers more than similar occupations in the private sector. We rate this  .
Statement: Almost 100,000 people left Puerto Rico last year.
Speaker: jack lew
About the speaker: Jack Lew is secretary of the U.S. Treasury Department. He has served as White House chief of staff and director of the Office of Management and Budget.
Date: May 3, 2016
Topics: global news service;bankruptcy;economy;population
Context: an interview with Bloomberg News
Fact-check justification: Lew said that "almost 100,000 people left Puerto Rico last year." That appears to be close. Airline data suggests about 89,000 more people departed Puerto Rico for the United States then entered it in 2015. While that’s not a perfect estimate to measure out-migration, all the population trends suggest Puerto Rico is experiencing a surge in out-migration, as residents leave for better jobs and prospects in the United States. Lew’s statement is .
Statement: In the United Kingdom, "81% of COVID-19 deaths are among the vaccinated.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 5, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: A headline widely shared on Facebook claimed that in the United Kingdom, "81% of COVID-19 deaths are among the vaccinated."  The statistic alluded to by the  applies to Scotland, not the entire United Kingdom, and it gives a  impression of what an official report says. The report says the rate of COVID-19 death in Scotland is much more likely among unvaccinated people. We rate the  .
Statement: Most AGs don't go to court..
Speaker: holly benson
About the speaker: Holly Benson is a former secretary for the Agency for Health Care Administration. She campaigned to be Florida Attorney General and was defeated in the Republican primary on Aug. 24, 2010.
Date: July 31, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: public service
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Benson said that "most AGs don't appear in court." McCollum's AG office says he hasn't appeared in court and had no record of Crist appearing in court although we were able to find an example of a case in which Crist did appear. Butterworth said he might have gone to court 25 times in 16 years -- so less than twice a year. By looking at the three most recent examples in Florida, AGs rarely go to court -- but it does happen.  So we give Benson a .
Statement: Under Obamacare, "American families have seen an increase in premiums of $5,000.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: January 4, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: comments to reporters on Capitol Hill
Fact-check justification: Pence said that under Obamacare, "American families have seen an increase in premiums of $5,000." Judged in context, Pence appears to be talking only about people who buy their insurance from HealthCare.gov. And in reality, the increase for the most common yardstick plan from HealthCare.gov has been smaller than that -- $3,612. Over the same time period, federal subsidies actually decreased what the average marketplace purchaser had to pay. On the other hand, $3,612 is not a trivial increase, and it’s valid to note that the premiums rose significantly faster for these plans than they did for employer-sponsored insurance over an equivalent period. We rate Pence’s statement .
Statement: I think if you look at the entire federal government and the president's commitment to (fighting opioid addiction), you'll see that there are actually hundreds of millions of dollars increase on this issue.
Speaker: tom price
About the speaker: Rep. Tom Price is the Secretary of Health and Human Services in the Trump administration. Previously, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives for the 6th District of Georgia, an area that includes Marietta and Canton.
Date: May 10, 2017
Location: new hampshire
Topics: drugs;federal budget
Context: press conference about opioid addiction
Fact-check justification: It’s worth noting that the president’s budget is just a blueprint; members of Congress have said they are unlikely to approve the spending plan as written. Our Ruling Citing Trump’s commitment to fight the country’s opioid crisis , Price said the government is already spending "hundreds of millions of dollars" more to that end. More funding was approved in the recent Congressional omnibus bill to keep the government running, but other policies he’s seeking to pursue -- notably cuts to Medicaid -- could wipe out that increase and then some. We rate the  .
Statement: I spent only $36.29 on my campaign for governor.
Speaker: robert healey
About the speaker: Robert Healey is a lawyer and businessman who ran three times for governor and three times for lieutenant governor. During his 2014 run for governor, as a representative of the Moderate Party, he garnered 21 percent of the vote. He is founder of the Cool Moose party.
Date: November 5, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: campaign finance;elections;jobs
Context: interviews
Fact-check justification: "We did, but they all expired in 2003. We didn't want to be giving out expired condoms." So when Robert Healey says he spent only about $36 on his campaign, all the  points to a truly shoestring operation. We rate his  as  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: COVID-19 Jab: They skipped all animal trials because all animals were dying and went directly to people.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 15, 2021
Topics: animals;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An agency spokesperson pointed to guidance specifying that EUA requests "should address," among other things, "data from studies in a relevant animal model." Chris Magee , the head of policy and media at Understanding Animal Research , a British nonprofit, told Full Fact that if animals had actually started dying during the tests, any Phase 1 human trials happening concurrently would have immediately halted. That was not the case. Full Fact and other fact-checkers, including the Associated Press , Reuters , the Dispatch and the Journal, also determined the social media claims about animal trials being skipped are . We rate this Instagram post .
Statement: The Atlanta area's water planning district "is now the national leader in conservation.
Speaker: pat stevens
About the speaker: Pat Stevens is Director of Environmental Planning for the Atlanta Regional Commission.
Date: January 24, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: environment
Context: a news article
Fact-check justification: Per-capita water use is down (though the cause is disputed) and current rules do aim to conserve water. But we found no consensus that the region has a reputation as a national leader in water conservation, much less as "the" national leader. Given what we found, a stronger  is that the region is playing catch-up. The Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District was formed decades after similar organizations elsewhere, and it doesn’t fund conservation efforts that other areas have. Since Stevens’ statement ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, her statement meets PolitiFact’s definition of .
Statement: Under Joe Biden's policy, immigrants in the country illegally "get welfare benefits. United States citizens don't get what they're looking to give illegal immigrants.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 14, 2020
Topics: immigration;welfare
Context: a White House speech
Fact-check justification: Being allowed to buy health insurance isn’t the same as getting welfare. The group also recommended easing federal benefits restrictions on immigrants — but for those lawfully present in the United States. The recommendations do not deny benefits to U.S. citizens or give immigrants illegally in the country an upper hand. Trump’s  is . We rate it .
Statement: Images show LeBron James standing for China's national anthem while shouting during the United States' national anthem.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 23, 2021
Topics: china;sports;facebook fact-checks;ask politifact
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral image shared on Facebook claims James was standing still during China's national anthem while shouting during the U.S. anthem. Both images in the post show James during performances of "The Star-Spangled Banner." One image was doctored to include the Chinese national flag. The other image shows him walking away and shouting to the crowd as the anthem was ending. The meme uses a manipulated image and takes another image out of context to create a  impression. We rate this  .
Statement: Kids are resistant to COVID as opposed to older people.
Speaker: tom horne
About the speaker: Tom Horne served as Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction from 2003 to 2011. He is a candidate for that position in the 2022 election.
Date: September 14, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: education;coronavirus
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Horne said that "Kids are resistant to COVID as opposed to older people." The virus is far less likely to kill children than older people, but at times, children have been more likely to get infected. And whether they show symptoms or not, they can still pass the disease to more vulnerable people, including people far older than they are.  We rate this  .
Statement: There was a recent report out that the premiums for Medicare and the payroll withholdings are only paying about half the program. So it is not financially solvent.
Speaker: tim pawlenty
About the speaker: Tim Pawlenty is the former governor of Minnesota, having served two terms in office from 2003-2011.
Date: June 13, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;medicare
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: "There was a recent report out that the premiums for Medicare and the payroll withholdings are only paying about half the program," Pawlenty said during the debate. "So it is not financially solvent." Last month, we checked a similar statement from Pawlenty, who said on ABC's This Week that Medicare "only has about 50 percent of it paid for by either premiums or payroll taxes, and the rest is deficit spending ... or debt spending." Medicare, which provides health care to about 50 million elderly or disabled Americans, is financed through a combination of funding streams: a Medicare payroll tax; general revenue ( from federal income taxes); premiums paid by Medicare users; and a tax on Social Security benefits and state payments toward the prescription drug benefit.
Statement: Everyone on this stage except Amy (Klobuchar) and me is either a billionaire or is receiving help from PACs that can do unlimited spending.
Speaker: elizabeth warren
About the speaker: Elizabeth Warren is a senator from Massachusetts. Warren was elected to the Senate in 2012 and was re-elected in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024. Warren received a bachelor’s degree in speech pathology and audiology from the University of Houston and a J.D. from Rutgers Law School. In 2019, she announced her race for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 5, 2020.
Date: February 7, 2020
Topics: campaign finance;candidate biography;corrections and updates
Context: Manchester, N.H
Fact-check justification: Warren said, "Everyone on this stage except Amy (Klobuchar) and me is either a billionaire or is receiving help from PACs that can do unlimited spending." She has a point that Steyer is a billionaire and that Biden, Buttigieg, Sanders and Yang are each supported by a super PAC. Some of the super PACs started for the 2020 presidential campaign; some existed beforehand. That said, Warren has the backing of a group that has an affiliate organized under section 501(c)4 of the tax code, which allows it operate in much the same way as a super PAC does, even if it isn’t technically a super PAC. We rate the statement . EDITOR'S NOTE, Feb. 19: By Feb. 19, both Warren and Klobuchar were benefiting from super PACs, according to news reports . Both candidates issued statements saying they do not want the help of these groups. As is our policy, our fact-check is made based on the situation at the time the  was made, and so our rating does not change. EDITOR’S NOTE, Feb. 20 : One day after our previous editor’s note, Warren changed her position on super PACs, saying that "If all the candidates want to get rid of super PACs, count me in. I'll lead the charge. But that's how it has to be. It can't be the case that a bunch of people keep them and only one or two don’t."