chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says that when San Francisco banned plastic grocery bags, "you saw the number of instances of people going to the ER with things like salmonella and other related illnesses" spike.
Speaker: james quintero
About the speaker: James Quintero of the conservative-leaning Texas Public Policy Foundation says he's focused his research efforts on: state & local government spending, debt, taxes, financial transparency, annexation, and pension reform.
Date: October 10, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: environment;health care;public health
Context: a panel discussion at SXSW Eco
Fact-check justification: Quintero said that when San Francisco banned plastic grocery bags, "you saw the number of instances of people going to the ER with things like salmonella and other related illnesses" spike. This declaration relied on a study that took a correlation between ER cases and San Francisco’s phased-in bag ban to declare ties between the reported illnesses and the ban. However, the county raised serious questions about the study methodology and conclusions, which were overly simplistic. We rate this statement .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The financial regulatory bill "will kill jobs.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: July 15, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;financial regulation;regulation
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Unfortunately, there is no way to know. Still, Pence's comment ignores the principle that preventing financial shocks is job-saving. On balance, we rate the statement . Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/eb3196ca-e4dd-4009-863e-dbaa192dc592
Statement: In June 2012 "we actually had more people go on Social Security Disability [85,000] ... than the 80,000 jobs that were created.
Speaker: allen west
About the speaker: Allen West announced in July 2021 that he is running for the Republican primary for Texas governor. He served for about a year as chairman of the Texas Republican Party, stepping down in June 2021. West represented Florida's 22nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013. Lieutenant Colonel West retired from the Army in 2004 after 22 years of service.
Date: August 1, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;jobs;social security
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Rep. Allen West said that the number of people who became recipients of Social Security Disability in June (85,000) was higher than the number of jobs created that month (80,000). West quoted the numbers accurately.  We rate his statement  .
Statement: It was "the left" that "finally" made Juneteenth a national holiday.
Speaker: diamond and silk
About the speaker: Diamond and Silk (real names Lynnette Hardaway and Rochelle Richardson) are Pro-Donald Trump activists.
Date: June 17, 2021
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: On June 15, the Senate — now split 50-50 between Democrats and Republicans, with Democratic Vice President Kamala Harris able to break tie votes — unanimously approved June 19 as a new federal holiday. The next day, the House passed the bill, 415-14 , with all Democrats and 195 Republicans voting yes. Biden, a Democrat, signed it June 17. The post is partially accurate, but takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Says U.S. Rep. Michael McCaul is "the sixth-richest person in Congress.
Speaker: ted ankrum
About the speaker: Ted Ankrum is a retired Navy captain who ran for the U.S. House in 2010.
Date: June 25, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Other Texans in the money: U.S. Rep. Kenny Marchant, R-Irving, ranked 25th with an estimated net worth of $11.89 million, Rep. Lloyd Doggett, D-Austin, came in 35th at $7.14 million and Rep. Randy Neugebauer, R-Lubbock, landed 46th at $5.91 million. Summing up (ahem): Ankrum misspoke because McCaul, by the latest ranking, is the the sixth-richest member of the House, not Congress. Still, the punch line is about the same; McCaul was better off than most colleagues. We rate Ankrum’s statement .
Statement: Says in fiscal year 2011, the state had "a projected $11 billion deficit.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: January 8, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: deficit;state budget
Context: a State of the State address
Fact-check justification: Christie said in his State of the State address that New Jersey in fiscal budget year 2011 faced a projected $11 billion budget. The governor also said that he, with the Legislature’s help, was able to balance the budget. The state Constitution requires a balanced budget every year and Christie met that obligation. But the deficit figure Christie cites refers to a $10.7 billion projected structural deficit, a calculation Christie used to his advantage in his first budget year but has since dismissed as the old way of budgeting. Now, "the baseline is zero" for budgeting, the governor has said. That’s important context Christie’s statement lacks. As it did in previous fact-checks, this statement rates . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: 75 percent of the Obamacare tax falls on the middle class.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 3, 2012
Location: national
Topics: health care;message machine 2012;taxes
Context: on the Internet
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post said that "75 percent of the Obamacare tax falls on the middle class." While it’s  that 75 to 80 percent of the households paying the individual mandate penalty might be described as "middle class," those households will only foot 45 percent of the bill -- a big difference. In addition, the Facebook post is worded vaguely enough to suggest that 75 percent of all the taxes in the health care bill will fall on the middle class. And that would be . We rate the statement .
Statement: Kamala Harris refused to be sworn in using the Bible.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 12, 2020
Location: california
Topics: candidate biography;religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Another photo shows Biden, now the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee and Harris’ running mate, shaking hands with the new senator while her husband "holds the Bible," the caption says .   In this clip of the ceremonial swearing-in, Biden can be heard telling Harris to put her "left hand on the Bible. "  Growing up, Harris attended services at a Black Baptist church and a Hindu temple, according to the Associated Press . As an adult, she identifies as a Baptist "and brought another faith into her life in 2014," the story says, "when she married Douglas Emhoff, a Jewish attorney." We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says Marco Rubio endorsed Obamacare for his own family.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: December 13, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Crist said Rubio endorsed Obamacare for his family. He did sign up for insurance on the Washington marketplace, but we think calling that an endorsement is too strong. Rubio certainly doesn’t support Obamacare, and has pushed for its repeal. He’s signed up through the marketplace simply to abide by the law. We rate this  .
Statement: Forty percent of the guns in this country are sold without any background checks.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: February 18, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: guns
Context: a statement on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "Forty percent of the guns in this country are sold without any background checks." That statistic is outdated. It stems from  a 20-year-old survey that has been overtaken by another study that shows that 22 percent of gun buyers obtained their weapons without background checks. That’s just over half the percentage in the zombie  Sanders cited. We rate this  .
Statement: Heitkamp High-Fives Schumer After Voting Against 20-Week Abortion Ban.
Speaker: say anything blog
About the speaker: Conservative North Dakota blog
Date: January 29, 2018
Location: national
Topics: abortion;candidate biography
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A SayAnythingBlog.com headline said, "Heitkamp High-Fives Schumer After Voting Against 20-Week Abortion Ban." The headline suggests the celebration of a pro-abortion victory, but that’s not what the footage shows. The video shows an awkward hand waving-turned-holding between Schumer and Heitkamp on a Monday night. Both senators said they did not mention the vote on the floor, and that they were simply greeting each other. Port provided no  that the two were celebrating the vote. We rate this statement .
Statement: The Obama administration's cap-and-trade plan would create "a $1,761 yearly energy tax.
Speaker: lamar alexander
About the speaker: Lamar Alexander is the senior senator from Tennessee.
Date: September 16, 2009
Location: national
Topics: environment;cap and trade;climate change;energy
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: His statement that households will pay $1,761 in new taxes every year is based on a blogger's  assumptions and overly simple math. The estimate does not account for revenue that will be returned to consumers in the form of rebates and other efficiency measures. Furthermore, the number is based on old numbers; the Treasury estimate was written on the premise that all permits would be sold, which, ultimately, is not the form that the Waxman-Markey legislation has taken. Finally, both Alexander and McCullagh portray money raised by selling these permits as a tax. We rate Alexander's  .
Statement: Antarctica is not a continent.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 17, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It’s covered with ice with little exposed rock. The National Science Foundation says the highest mountains rise to elevations over 14,000 feet, about the height of the Rocky Mountains but it’s Antarctica’s thick ice sheets that make the continent the highest continent in the world. It’s also the southernmost continent and home to the South Pole. The British Antarctic Survey calls it "a cold desert. "  We rate this post .
Statement: Barack Obama and Joe Biden oppose new drilling at home and oppose nuclear power.
Speaker: republican national committee
About the speaker: The Republican National Committee is the national arm of the Republican Party.
Date: August 26, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: a statement on the RNC Web site
Fact-check justification: He's also said that he hopes developing technology will provide better answers to the problem of nuclear waste storage. Biden's position is similar; he has said nuclear energy "must be part of our future" but that "serious safety, security and waste issues must be solved." Having concerns about safety, though, doesn't mean you're against nuclear energy, and Obama and Biden have specifically said that they support nuclear energy. Obama's position on drilling has some flexibility as well. Given that much of the RNC's statement is not correct, we rate their statement .
Statement: Should Democrats get their way, every income tax bracket will increase on Jan. 1, 2011. Every single one.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: July 20, 2010
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: So it's highly  for him to say that Democrats actually want to see all the bill's cuts expire. Indeed, Pence's comment verges on a scare tactic. While Pence would have been entirely accurate to say, "If the Democrats fail to extend the expiring tax cuts, all tax brackets will increase," he didn't. What he did say merits a ruling of . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/c0d67665-83ed-4917-9c62-18f8b2669155
Statement: On immigration reform, Marco Rubio "all along has been saying, 'We have to have border security first' " and then "he gets on Spanish TV, he ends up saying, 'No, no. That will never get in the way.'
Speaker: dana rohrabacher
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Dana Rohrabacher, R-Calif., a speechwriter for President Ronald Reagan, was first elected to Congress in 1988.
Date: June 16, 2013
Location: national
Topics: immigration;candidate biography
Context: an interview on WND Radio
Fact-check justification: Rohrabacher claimed on WND Radio that Rubio "all along has been saying, 'We have to have border security first. And then, he, you know, when he gets on Spanish TV, he ends up saying, 'No, no. That will never get in the way' or, 'Legalization status isn't contingent on border control.’" We found, instead, that Rubio has explained the Senate bill’s multistep process, starting with a border security plan, in his English-language interviews with conservative hosts. He clarified that immigrants would be eligible to apply for provisional status at the same time. In Spanish, he also emphasized border security, but explained that immigrants would be eligible for provisional status — "legalization" — before the Obama administration left office. Rubio emphasized different parts of the bill’s process depending on his audience — particularly what he described as happening "first." But his explanations described the bill’s provisions the same way, in both English and in Spanish. We rate Rohrabacher’s  .
Statement: A government report shows that alternatives to the Keystone XL pipeline "are worse" for the environment.
Speaker: ralph reed
About the speaker: Ralph Reed is a conservative political strategist and is founder and chairman of the Faith & Freedom Coalition.
Date: February 3, 2014
Topics: environment;climate change;energy;punditfact
Context: a CNN "Crossfire" segment
Fact-check justification: Reed said the State Department report shows "the science is clear" that "alternatives to the pipeline are worse," pointing to higher emissions from alternate transportation options of tanker trucks and rail. Reed didn’t pull the numbers out of anywhere, although he did mess them up a bit, for instance by saying "tanker trucks" instead of sea "tankers" described in one of the report’s alternative scenarios. As to his general point that the pipeline option is better in terms of CO2 emissions than projections for other options, yes, those alternatives are worse. But besides getting his numbers crossed, he was also a bit clumsy in describing "alternatives" and saying that if "you're protecting the environment, you should build the pipeline." Reed assumes that the pipeline should be built, but environmentalists say the best alternative for the environment would be to do nothing and slow tar sands production. Reed’s  is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: A Donald Trump supporter held a sign at his rally "mocking a dead migrant child.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 4, 2019
Topics: immigration;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: This Facebook post claims that the woman in the picture is a Trump supporter "mocking a dead child." We don’t know the woman’s political affiliation. But it’s clear from reporting and her own words that she is not mocking a dead migrant child. Rather, she talks about how she’s saddened by what’s happening at the border, and how we should celebrate the United States as a country of immigrants. We rate this Facebook post as .
Statement: Says Gov. Scott Walker "didn't balance the budget" so "we now have a larger state deficit 14 months into (his) term than we did when he was elected.
Speaker: kathleen falk
About the speaker: Kathleen Falk, a Wisconsin Democrat, lost a bid in 2012 for the Democratic nomination to run against Gov. Scott Walker in a recall election. Falk served as the Dane County executive from 1997 to 2011. She ran unsuccessfully for governor in 2002 and for state attorney general in 2006.
Date: February 29, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget
Context: an appearance at Marquette University
Fact-check justification: That’s more stringent than the cash-flow approach the state has long used. Our conclusion Falk criticized Walker for a deficit that has opened up in his first budget. She is correct in saying it’s larger than the deficit Walker had to close in his predecessor’s last budget. But her statement that Walker "didn’t balance the budget as we know" is . We rate her statement .
Statement: Video shows Volodymr Zelenskyy singing "Endless Love" with his wife.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 8, 2022
Topics: corrections and updates;facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: These music video posts, however, were flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) We searched online for "Endless Love duet covers" and found the video was posted on YouTube two weeks ago by Boyce Avenue , a band from Florida known for their cover songs.   The singer identified as Zelenskyy is actually lead vocalist Alejandro Manzano, and the woman identified as his wife is actually Connie Talbot .    We rate claims that this video shows Zelenskyy and his wife .
Statement: Says the pens Nancy Pelosi used to sign the articles of impeachment cost "$2,025 per pen.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 16, 2020
Topics: corrections and updates;impeachment;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We would expect that Republicans outraged over the tone of the signing ceremony would also balk at the $60,750 price tag. But reviewing stories from the Washington Post , the Associated Press , Fox News , The Hill , BBC , and the Washington Times , among others, we saw no note of the pen’s price.   It’s not unusual for lawmakers and presidents to gift signing pens though in this case Pelosi’s critics argue it wasn’t appropriate. As the BBC notes , then-President Barack Obama used 22 pens to sign the Affordable Care Act, and Republican senators kept pens as souvenirs after signing oaths for then-President Bill Clinton’s impeachment trial in 1998.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Under a new federal regulation, it will cost Pinellas County "$31 million to fix a single ditch.
Speaker: david jolly
About the speaker: David Jolly won a special election in March 2014 to represent the 13th U.S. Congressional District in Pinellas County, Florida. He won re-election in 2014 and was defeated by Democrat Charlie Crist in 2016. He is a former Washington lobbyist and aide to C.W. Bill Young.
Date: April 25, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: environment;government regulation
Context: an Orlando debate
Fact-check justification: Jolly said that under a new federal regulation, it will cost Pinellas County "$31 million to fix a single ditch." His figure comes from a 2014 report that claimed it would cost the county that much to make a stormwater ditch in Pinellas Park compliant with Clean Water Act pollution guidelines under a new rule. But the report didn’t specify why it would cost so much, and didn’t reflect changes the EPA made to the rule in 2015. Jolly didn’t make up the $31 million estimate, but his wording makes it sound as if the EPA is definitely forcing crippling regulatory costs on the county. The agency denies the rule change affects how ditches are classified, but the scope of the new rule is still far from settled. Debate abounds about how specific waterways would be affected by the final rule, which currently is under a court stay pending litigation. There’s no irrefutable  of an imminent (and expensive) federal takeover of the ditch in question. We rate his statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/fa52d834-16ed-4684-b426-bc07f5e3e85a