chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Ninety percent of people born in the 1940s ended up doing better financially than their parents. But those born in the 1980s, the much-maligned Millennials, have only a 50-50 chance of doing better (financially) than their parents, despite being the best-educated generation in our history.
Speaker: delaine eastin
About the speaker: Delaine Eastin is a Democratic candidate for California governor. She served in the State Assembly from 1986 to 1994 and then as State Superintendent of Public Instruction from 1995 to 2003.
Date: October 11, 2017
Location: california
Topics: economy;education;jobs;the 2018 california governor's race
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Delaine Eastin recently claimed millennials "have only a 50-50 chance" of doing better financially than their parents, while those born in the 1940s had a 90 percent chance of doing better than their parents. Her  is supported by a 2016 Stanford study, " The Fading American Dream: Trends in Absolute Income Mobility since 1940 ." Stanford researchers found stronger economic growth combined with a broader distribution of that growth during the Baby Boomer generation drove greater upward mobility for people born in the 1940s. They said financial success has become more concentrated in recent decades, leaving millennials with much lower odds of doing better than their parents. Even after accounting for changes, such as inflation and millennials starting work at older ages, they found today’s younger generation faces comparatively smaller odds of earning more than their parents. Other research, notably by the advocacy group Young Invincibles, agreed with the Stanford findings. We rate her  .   – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Obama did in fact unconstitutionally spy on Trump throughout the presidential election.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 1, 2018
Topics: fake news;crime;punditfact
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: "This is, as I said before, Soviet dictator-level wrongdoing." There is no  that Obama himself ordered wiretapping to spy on Trump during the election and is now headed toward an indictment. Trump tweeted in 2017 that Obama had ordered surveillance on him. While there have been media reports about intelligence investigations into Trump’s associates’ possible Russia ties, there is no proof that Obama himself ordered wiretapping of Trump. We rate this story .
Statement: Jan. 6 defendants "are being held in prison without being charged.
Speaker: kari lake
About the speaker: Kari Lake, a former anchor for Fox 10 News in Phoenix, was the Republican nominee for governor of Arizona in 2022. She lost the general election to Katie Hobbs.
Date: March 13, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: elections;jan. 6
Context: an interview with 60 Minutes Australia
Fact-check justification: Lake said Jan. 6 defendants "are being held in prison without being charged." Lake did not cite any particular defendants during her interview, and her campaign didn’t respond to our request for . The U.S. Attorney’s Office publicly shows online the charges filed against more than 775 defendants, including violent offenses such as using deadly weapons or assaulting police officers. Many of the defendants have pleaded guilty. We found no  of defendants being imprisoned without being charged.  We rate her  . PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this fact-check. RELATED : The 2021 Lie of the Year: Lies about the Jan. 6 Capitol attack and its significance RELATED : Tucker Carlson’s conspiracy theory about FBI and Jan. 6 continues to be  RELATED : All of our fact-checks about Jan. 6 Capitol attack
Statement: There are 3 million jobs that go vacant each month in this country.
Speaker: dave joyce
About the speaker: Former Geauga County prosecutor who was elected to Congress in 2012.
Date: February 13, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: jobs
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Alcoa Inc. CEO Klaus Kleinfeld provided a counterpoint to Capelli’s views. Kleinfeld said he believes manufacturing jobs pay "very, very well," and that Alcoa is making efforts to fill the skills gap as are many other businesses. Asked why there’s still a skills gap if manufacturing is attempting to close it, Kleinfield replied: "This is not a society where you can tell somebody what - where to go, or where to - what education to get, right?’ Joyce’s  that 3 million jobs go vacant each month is accurate. We rate his statement .
Statement: However, it took $19.5 million in Oregon Lottery funds for the Port of Newport to eventually land the new NOAA Marine Operations Center-Pacific.
Speaker: oregon lottery
About the speaker: The Oregon Lottery provides money for economic development and schools.
Date: March 15, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: jobs
Context: a website
Fact-check justification: NOAA itself says Newport had the lowest cost bid, and that was in large part due to the Lottery. But Johnson is correct that many other factors played a role and for the Lottery to suggest that its money was the final piece is incomplete. The statement is partially accurate -- Lottery money made the lease competitive -- but it leaves out important details. Astoria dropped out; Newport’s bid was better on technical fronts than the others; legislative leaders pulled together to set aside the dollars and bonding authority. We rule the statement .  Return to OregonLive to comment on this ruling.
Statement: President Donald Trump "can't say anything (about the U.S. Capitol riot) because the platforms have removed him.
Speaker: hogan gidley
About the speaker: Hogan Gidley was formerly the national press secretary for Donald Trump's reelection campaign. Before that, he was deputy press secretary in the Trump White House.
Date: January 17, 2021
Location: national
Topics: technology
Context: a Fox News interview
Fact-check justification: Gidley said Trump "can’t say anything (about the U.S. Capitol riot) because the platforms have removed him." That’s . Trump has many tools available to him, including the ability to go on TV or call reporters to the White House briefing room. He has made public remarks since the riot. We rate Gidley’s statement .
Statement: In 2016, an officer was assaulted in America on an average of every 10 minutes.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 15, 2018
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said a police officer is assaulted every 10 minutes in 2016. That math works out if you divide the number of minutes in a year by the FBI’s count of line-of-duty assaults. There are a few points to remember about this particular statistic. This count doesn’t just isolate incidents where a wound was inflicted, such as a shooting and stabbing, so incidents such as shoving and kicking are also considered an assault. Also, a criminologist warned that the "crime clock" method does not really tell you that much, because it does not factor in the growing U.S. and police populations. Trump's statement is accurate but requires additional context. We rate it .
Statement: When public schools face increased competition, they get better and kids learn more.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: April 6, 2017
Location: new hampshire
Topics: education;government regulation
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: In urging the passage of a New Hampshire bill to establish education savings accounts, Jeb Bush said "when public schools face increased competition, they get better and kids learn more." Some research shows positive gains in public schools when choice is offered, but researchers say those studies typically only show minor effects, and that the specifics of the programs matter a lot. In Florida and Ohio, where vouchers were targeted to certain types of students, researchers found minor improvements in public school performance. In Chile, where vouchers were universally available, public school test scores got worse. But Bush cited "a large body of research," and ESA programs like the ones being proposed in New Hampshire have only very recently been implemented in Arizona and Nevada, and haven’t been studied. To imply that competition will lift all boats -- especially in the context of this legislative proposal -- isn’t supported by the research. We rate this  .
Statement: The city of Atlanta has $56 million in its reserves.
Speaker: kasim reed
About the speaker: Kasim Reed is Mayor of Atlanta.
Date: November 30, 2010
Location: georgia
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: The spreadsheets show Reed's  seems on the money. But, as Lusby noted, the city's fiscal year 2010 books haven't been audited. Farooqui said "there is no reason to believe the numbers will change dramatically" after the audit. Since there's additional information that may come from the audit, we reserve the right to change the ruling if there is significant information that shows the city's numbers were on target or . For now, we'll be a little conservative here and rate Reed's statement as .
Statement: Says 95 percent of people caught crossing the U.S.-Mexico border said in a survey "we are coming because we've been promised amnesty.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: June 23, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Cruz said a survey indicates 95 percent of people caught crossing the U.S.-Mexico border said "we are coming because we’ve been promised amnesty." This statement accurately recaps a statistic in a document made public by another senator: 95 percent of 230 adults and unaccompanied children interviewed recently by the Border Patrol gave as the main reason for their journeys the U.S. government issuing permisos , which the document defines as notices to appear in immigration court enabling recipients to stay in the country at least until then. But that’s not "amnesty," as in an absolution enabling people to stay indefinitely without risk of penalty, and indeed "amnesty" goes unmentioned in the survey summary. Also, as unsaid by Cruz, the immigrants listed other reasons for coming, including crime and violence in home countries. The document, with its anonymous origins, doesn’t specify how many individuals singled out these other factors. Another study, in which the United Nations earlier surveyed twice as many immigrants, pointed to gang violence as the vital factor. We rate this , which is partly accurate but leaves out relevant details, as .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Mariah Carey faked getting her COVID-19 vaccine because the needle can't be seen coming out of her arm.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: April 15, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In the very beginning of Carey’s clip , too, a woman can be heard telling another person that when pushed all the way, "the needle will retract back. "  A post shared by Mariah Carey (@mariahcarey) Retractable needles are used to help protect patients and health care workers from injury. "Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries which expose workers to bloodborne pathogens continue to be a significant hazard for hospital employees," the Occupational Safety and Health Administration says on its website.   In a display of the many different types of needles, the agency explains how retractable syringes work: "After the needle is used, an extra push on the plunger retracts the needle into the syringe, removing the hazard of needle exposure." We rate this post .
Statement: Says Scott Bruun supports allowing corporations to secretly funnel millions of dollars to front groups to finance attack ads.
Speaker: jeff merkley
About the speaker: Jeff Merkley is a Democratic senator from Oregon. He was elected in 2008. Merkley won his first campaign for the Oregon Legislature as a representative in 1998. He was elected Democratic leader in 2003 and speaker of the House in 2007. He studied international relations at Stanford University and earned a graduate degree in public policy at Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
Date: September 17, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a fundraising letter
Fact-check justification: Bruun’s campaign spokeswoman Alee Lockman wrote in e-mails that Bruun supports "transparency & reporting in campaign finance" but disagrees with the way the Disclose Act "is set up." "He is, of course, open to bipartisan discussions about campaign finance regulations, but as he is not in Congress yet, he can’t speculate on what hypothetical legislation he may or may not be presented with," she wrote. Bruun has said he favors Oregon's system, which has no limits on contributions but requires full disclosure of donor information. In sum, as over the top as Merkley’s statement may be, PolitiFact Oregon finds it to be Half  . Comment on this item.
Statement: Video shows U.S. Capitol Police gave protesters OK to enter.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 16, 2021
Location: national
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Social media posts are describing a video clip of Capitol police officers with a group of pro-Trump rioters on Jan. 6 as  that officers allowed the mob inside the building. The officers in the video are attempting to de-escalate the situation by telling the rioters, who already breached the building, to remain calm and peaceful. There is overwhelming  that shows the mob forcefully entering the Capitol, with many attacking police officers in the process.  We rate this !
Statement: Graph shows Gretchen Whitmer stole the Michigan gubernatorial election.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 9, 2022
Location: michigan
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: There’s no  these votes are part of some "drop and roll" fraud. Rather, it’s Michiganders making a choice in their 2022 gubernatorial election. In this case, a majority of Michiganders chose the Democratic candidate, Whitmer.   Dixon conceded the race the morning of Nov. 9.   We rate claims that Whitmer stole the election !
Statement: Video shows Joe Biden saying "we can only re-elect Donald Trump.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 7, 2020
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: A White House video showed 13 seconds of Biden speaking at a campaign event when he said "we can only re-elect Donald Trump." Biden did make that statement as he stumbled over his words. But the video snippet omitted what Biden said immediately before and after, which removes his meaning. Biden’s overall point was to call for Democratic Party unity and to run a positive campaign, rather than intra-party attacks. The video stripped that out. The video employs deceptive editing via omission . We rate it .
Statement: When I came into office, our vaccination rate in Texas was 65 percent. When I left two weeks ago, it was 95 percent.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: February 5, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;health care;public health
Context: an interview with the Texas Tribune and Washington Post
Fact-check justification: Perry said: "When I came into office, our vaccination rate in Texas was 65 percent. When I left two weeks ago, it was 95 percent." These percentages trace to reported immunization rates for different populations of youngsters. And by inappropriately pairing the figures, Perry left the  impression of great progress on his watch when there actually was less dramatic improvement--with kindergartners almost uniformly getting all their shots, as required by law, as they did before his reign. With all this in mind, we rate the statement .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. UPDATE, 3:48 p.m., Feb. 12, 2015 : After this story published, a reader prompted us to notice that a Perry spokesman had told the Texas Tribune the ex-governor used "incomplete numbers." We amended our fact check to note that. This did not affect our rating of what he said.
Statement: Says San Antonio has "the lowest per capita income of any major Texas city.
Speaker: henry cisneros
About the speaker: Henry Cisneros, a former secretary of Housing & Urban Development and former mayor of San Antonio, is a businessman in the Alamo City.
Date: January 29, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: income;population
Context: a meeting
Fact-check justification: Cisneros said that San Antonio has "the lowest per capita income of any major Texas city." San Antonio is among the six most populous Texas cities with the lowest per capita income. El Paso has consistently recorded a lower per capita income than San Antonio. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Gov. Rick Scott allowed Republican legislators to cut his teacher pay raise proposal by 60 percent.
Speaker: allison tant
About the speaker: Allison Tant is the chairwoman of the Florida Democratic Party. A former lobbyist who lives in Tallahassee, she was elected to the post in January 2013. 
Date: April 30, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a Florida Voices column
Fact-check justification: Tant said Scott only got 60 percent of the teacher pay raise he wanted. The final budget compromise adds thousands of noninstructors into the pay raise mix, which could affect the number of teachers who get raises or at least how much those raises are. Still, we don’t know what that will mean on a statewide level because teacher pay is worked out by local districts and their unions. Still, this isn’t even what Tant was trying to analyze. She just used a mismatched number. We give the Democrats props for coming clean with their . But we rate Tant’s statement .
Statement: Congressman Kasich wants to use our tax dollars to give secret bonuses to his corporate friends.
Speaker: ted strickland
About the speaker: Ted Strickland was governor of Ohio from 2007 through 2010. He lost his bid for re-election in 2010 to Republican John Kasich.
Date: October 13, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs;message machine 2010;state budget;transparency
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: While the words in the ad did come out of Kasich’s mouth, they are from edited video that links statements out of context. Without that context, viewers have no way of knowing that some of the lines clearly were said in jest, and they are instead presented as if Kasich is serious. And Kasich  clearly says during his conversation with reporters that bonuses would go to workers for JobsOhio and that they could not be secret, but would instead be public. Taking comments from different parts of conversation and linking them together to bolster a message is more than just , it’s deceptive to a point of . For a statement like this -- "Kasich wants to use our tax dollars to give secret bonuses to his corporate friends" -- there’s only one answer: !
Statement: People who are vaccinated for the coronavirus "cannot spread it to you.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 7, 2021
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: Elk Grove Village, Ill
Fact-check justification: Biden said that people who are vaccinated for the coronavirus "cannot spread it to you." That’s overstating the case. Multiple studies show that a vaccinated person is significantly less likely to pass the coronavirus to someone else than an unvaccinated person is, but the transmission risk is not reduced to zero. We rate the statement .
Statement: Right now, Texas doesn't have an income tax and Oklahoma's lowering their income tax rates, and guess what their severance tax is? Sky high.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: March 21, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: As for the other part of his , while "sky high" is somewhat subjective, the reality of the tax structure now is that the significantly higher tax rates on gas and oil in Texas and Oklahoma, when compared to Ohio, can generate revenues that are -- well -- sky high.    Texas and Oklahoma are among the leaders for natural gas, but not tops. Oklahoma also has one of the highest oil rates. And at current prices, Texas’ tax on oil, the lower of the two states, would yield more than 20 times what Ohio’s current per-barrel tax raises. On the -O-Meter, Kasich’s  rates .
Statement: In the infrastructure bill that just passed the House, "only 10% is actual infrastructure.
Speaker: lisa mcclain
About the speaker: Lisa McClain, a Republican, represents a Michigan district in the U.S. House of Representatives. 
Date: November 6, 2021
Location: michigan
Topics: congress;federal budget;infrastructure
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: McClain said that in the infrastructure bill that just passed the House, "only 10% is actual infrastructure." This is a version of a Republican talking point that was  months ago and has been rendered even more  since then. Because Biden and congressional Democrats split their agenda into an infrastructure-only bill and a separate measure that dealt with social safety net spending, the bill that passed the House was almost entirely pure infrastructure spending. We rate the statement !