chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: By the time Obama took office, "The Bush administration had given the car companies $13 billion and the money was now gone.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: March 15, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;message machine 2012
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: The Obama campaign movie says, "the Bush administration had given the car companies $13 billion and the money was now gone." It's important to note that the $13 billion was provided as loans, not as grants, as the wording might suggest. Referring to the time Obama took office, January 2009, GM and Chrysler by then had received almost $14 billion in bailout money. News reports also reflect that the money was basically used up. So, that much is correct. But the movie ignores the fact that this was not unexpected. The Bush administration’s loans were always just a temporary lifeline, meant to keep the companies operating so the new president would have time to decide what to do long term. This is important information left out of the movie’s extensive discussion of the auto bailouts. That the $13 billion was gone when Obama arrived was no surprise. We rate the statement .
Statement: Under the DREAM Act, after two years of higher education or military service "you are eligible for citizenship. Once a citizen, this paves the way to bring the rest of (your) extended family to the United States.
Speaker: ted poe
About the speaker: Ted Poe, of Humble, was initially elected to the U.S. House in 2004. He'a a former judge.
Date: December 2, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: an opinion piece
Fact-check justification: But that doesn't mean they could bring in all the rest of their extended family, contrary to the statement. Left out: Grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins and in-laws. We rate Poe's statement as . Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: Sixty-one percent of our active military are currently listed as overweight.
Speaker: mike huckabee
About the speaker: Mike Huckabee ran for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former governor of Arkansas; he also sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. He left hosting a self-titled television show on Fox News in January 2015.
Date: August 30, 2007
Location: national
Topics: military
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Active-duty service members whose BMI exceed standards for their branch of service are subsequently measured to calculate percent body fat. Adverse career actions and enrollment into service weight management programs are based on body fat percent rather than on BMI." The report does not say how much of the military is overweight according to body fat criteria. The Military Health System does not keep individual body fat statistics, though each service monitors individual weight and fitness levels, according to Lynn Pahland, the Defense Department's director of health promotion and preventive services policy. So we can't fault Huckabee too much for using the military's publicized weight statistics, but we have to point out that those numbers don't tell the whole story.
Statement: Say that former Clinton Foundation CEO Eric Braverman "has been missing for 70+ days.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 14, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A meme says that Braverman has been "missing for 70+ days" after being rumored to be the source of the quote "follow the money and find the real HRC scandal." We could find no  that Braverman ever was or is missing, and he is currently listed as the chief executive of a California-based charity. This  is !
Statement: The president flagrantly defies the 2006 federal law ordering the construction of a secure border fence along the entire Mexican border.
Speaker: wayne lapierre
About the speaker: Wayne LaPierre is executive vice president of the National Rifle Association.
Date: February 13, 2013
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: an op-ed for the Daily Caller
Fact-check justification: LaPierre wrote that "the president flagrantly defies the 2006 federal law ordering the construction of a secure border fence along the entire Mexican border." First, he misrepresented what the law required, which was segments of fencing in specific places, not a continuous fence along the 2,000 mile border. Second, he ignored the 2007 amendment which gave the government some discretion over how to build the fence. The fence that has been built -- just one mile short of what’s required -- is a combination of pedestrian fencing and vehicle barriers. To some critics that does not satisfy what Congress intended in 2006, and very little of it is double-layered. On that point, we think LaPierre’s statement contains a grain of . Otherwise, though, it’s clear that Obama is not flagrantly defying the law, especially as resources toward other aspects of border enforcement are increasing. We rate LaPierre’s statement .
Statement: Says the Club for Growth tries to defeat Republicans, and that its president called Nancy Pelosi "the person I respect the most in Washington.
Speaker: defending main street
About the speaker: Defending Main Street is a Super PAC created by Steve LaTourette, a former Republican Congressman. The group is focused on defending incumbent, establishment-backed Republicans against Tea Party primary challenges.
Date: April 17, 2014
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;congress;elections;negative campaigning
Context: Idaho
Fact-check justification: There’s some  to the  that the Club for Growth tries to defeat Republicans. One of the club’s key strategies has been to put its money in Republican primaries in order to support the most aggressively conservative candidates. This means taking on some Republicans — but also supporting others. Meanwhile, Chocola clearly said what the ad said he did, but the ad takes that remark wildly out of context. Chocola was expressing admiration for Pelosi’s Machiavellianism, not supporting her political agenda. The statement contains some element of  but ignores facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: Every time we put a ballot issue on, it costs a million dollars.
Speaker: jon husted
About the speaker: Jon Husted is running as Mike DeWine's running mate for the 2018 Republican primary for governor. Husted was elected Ohio secretary of state in 2010. He previously was a state senator from Ohio's 6th district and served two terms as speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives.
Date: January 26, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: elections
Context: a public forum
Fact-check justification: The cost of the advertisements will vary, depending on how many pages it takes to print the language needed to educate the voters about the issues. In the case of the SB 5 referendum, that required 57 pages because the law to be repealed had to be reprinted. That length is In contrast, though, to the $105,000 price tag for the two other statewide ballot issues last November. That is important information needed to fully evaluate Husted’s . On the -O-Meter, his  rates .
Statement: Says Koalas are "functionally extinct" as bushfires in Australia continue to destroy their habitat.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 24, 2019
Topics: animals;facebook fact-checks
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: As catastrophic bushfires burn in Australia, claims that koalas are now "functionally extinct" have gone viral. Many wildlife experts reject this designation, and several estimates suggest there are around 300,000 koalas left in the wild. However, the population is currently listed as vulnerable, and its numbers are steadily declining as fires, and other issues, threaten the animal. This  has some  to it but omits crucial context that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Our national debt ... is on track to exceed the size of our entire economy ... in just two more years.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: March 24, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: the Des Moines Register
Fact-check justification: It's also worth noting that these numbers are only estimates. They could change over the course of the next two years, depending on economic conditions and policy choices. Still, we consider Boehner's statistics valid. While he underestimates the size of the projected debt in 2010 and 2012, his assertion that "our national debt ... is on track to exceed the size of our entire economy ... in just two more years" is on target, according to the president's own Office of Management and Budget. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Says Joni Ernst "claims she 'pushed for' new funding for hospitals and COVID-19 testing after opposing It for weeks.
Speaker: iowa democratic party
About the speaker: The Iowa Democratic Party is the state Democratic Party organization for the state of Iowa. 
Date: April 21, 2020
Location: iowa
Topics: federal budget;health care;public health;coronavirus
Context: an online statement
Fact-check justification: The Iowa Democratic Party claimed that Ernst reversed her support for a coronavirus relief in a recent bill that offered nearly half a trillion dollars for small businesses, hospitals and testing. Due to a lack of concrete voting record, we reviewed Ernst's statements before and after the passage of the interim coronavirus-relief bill.  Ernst hasn't said she directly opposed hospital funding, but in public statements she was critical of putting a proposal on the floor with funding that was more broad than the Paycheck Protection Program. When Democrats brought their version of the interim relief proposal, which included extra dollars for hospitals and local government, to the senate floor April 9, McConnell objected. Ernst is the Vice Chair of the Senate GOP Conference, meaning she is part of Republican leadership. However, she didn’t vote down additional funds for hospitals or COVID-19 testing in the final half-a-trillion-dollar package. She said later she pushed for hospital funding included in the interim relief package. But, she never said she directly opposed that funding. Rather, she said it should be discussed at a later date.  The  is partially accurate but needs additional context. We rate it .
Statement: The default rate for college students has grown from 40 percent 10 years ago to about 50 percent today, and "perhaps as many as 800,000 young Ohioans are facing default on their student loans.
Speaker: dennis kucinich
About the speaker: Dennis Kucinich is running in the Democratic primary for governor of Ohio in 2018. Kucinich was elected to Congress in 1996. He previously served as a member of the city council and as mayor in Cleveland, the city where he was born in 1946. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Case Western University. He has been married since 2005 to Elizabeth Harper. He was married twice before and has one child. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 25, 2008.
Date: January 29, 2018
Location: ohio
Topics: debt;education
Context: on a campaign website
Fact-check justification: Kucinich’s campaign website said the default rate for college students has grown from 40 percent 10 years ago to about 50 percent today, and that "perhaps as many as 800,000 young Ohioans are facing default on their student loans." That’s based on a report that predicted that 40 percent of students who entered college in 2004 will default by 2023. So that’s a prediction about the future -- not a default rate for 10 years ago. We found no data to support Kucinich’s  that about 50 percent of students default today. U.S. Education Department data showed that the default rate nationally for the 2014 cohort was 11.5 percent. Using the 50 percent figure and extrapolating from population numbers, the Kucinich campaign concluded that 800,000 face default on their loans. That figure is not supported by actual data. We rate this  .
Statement: In the first full month of my administration following the issuance of my executive orders, illegal immigration on our southern border fell by an unprecedented 40 percent.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 13, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: his first Cabinet meeting
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "In the first full month of my administration, following the issuance of my executive orders, illegal immigration on our southern border fell by an unprecedented 40 percent." The numbers check out. February apprehensions declined 40 percent. Calling the decline unprecedented is a bit of a stretch, however. And experts warn that one month’s data is not enough to indicate a trend toward lower illegal immigration and that other factors, aside from Trump’s rhetoric and executive orders, should be considered in analyzing apprehension declines. Trump’s statement is accurate but needs additional information. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/832af59f-8bea-4eb9-9811-9b7e5dcc6adf
Statement: The Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine contains an "undisclosed ingredient. … How is informed consent possible?
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 20, 2021
Topics: corrections and updates;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine contains an undisclosed ingredient. The post cited an FDA report in which one of the ingredients listed was redacted. The agency has since updated the file and revealed that the ingredient was water. Long before the FDA report, the ingredients of the Pfizer vaccine, as well as ones for the Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines, were made public online, without any redactions. We rate this vaccine  . CORRECTION (Oct. 11, 2021) : An earlier version of this fact-check included an  date for when this Instagram post was made. It was correct in the body of the fact-check but  in the header and has been corrected.
Statement: Lorain "is the poorest urban school district in the state of Ohio.
Speaker: dan ramos
About the speaker: Dan Ramos is member of the Ohio House of Representatives, elected in 2010 to represent the 56th District. This is his first public office. A Lorain native, Ramos is a graduate of Lorain Admiral King High School and The Ohio State University.
Date: June 13, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: education;poverty;state budget
Context: the Ohio House
Fact-check justification: Ramos may have a point. And he is correct to say students in Lorain are needy. But his explanation does not make his  on the House floor accurate. The poorest urban school district in Ohio, in the eyes of the Ohio Department of Education, is Cleveland. On the -O-Meter, his  rates .
Statement: The tax on job creating businesses is 35 percent in the United States, second worst in the entire world.
Speaker: george allen
About the speaker: George Allen was a U.S. senator from 2001-2007. He was governor of Virginia from 1994-1998.
Date: June 14, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: corporations;economy;jobs;taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Let’s sum up: Allen said the U.S. corporate income tax of 35 percent is the second highest in the world. The national rate of 35 percent is actually the highest among democratic industrial nations. The U.S. combined corporate tax rate -- the average total of state and national levies on business profits -- is 39.2 and ranks second among industrialized democracies. So Allen is a smidgen off on tax rates, rankings and definitions. We rate his  .
Statement: A printer error in Nassau County, New York, turned every registered voter Democratic.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: May 20, 2023
Location: new york
Topics: elections;states
Context: on social media
Fact-check justification: The tweets said a printer error in Nassau County turned every registered voter in the county into a Democrat. A printing error did occur, but the  occurred in an unofficial mailing. Voters did not have their party registrations changed. We rate the statement
Statement: When John Kasich became governor of Ohio, "there was an $8 billion budget deficit and now there's a $2 billion surplus.
Speaker: arnold schwarzenegger
About the speaker: Arnold Schwarzenegger is a Republican and was governor of California from November 2003 to January 2011. 
 
Date: March 6, 2016
Location: california
Topics: economy
Context: Columbus, Ohio
Fact-check justification: In his endorsement speech, Schwarzenegger said that when Kasich became governor, "there was an $8 billion budget deficit and now there’s a $2 billion surplus." Kasich said, "I took the state of Ohio from an $8 billion hole … to a $2 billion surplus." It’s possible to argue over whether the starting point should be $6 billion rather than $8 billion. But Kasich and Schwarzenegger didn’t pull that figure out of thin air, though it certainly was high by historical standards. Kasich also used the term "hole," which is more appropriate than "deficit." Meanwhile, the $2 billion figure seems solid. Still, it’s worth noting that Kasich spoke a little grandly when he said that "I" did it, since the state’s fiscal improvement got a big assist from the national economic recovery. The statements are accurate but need additional information, so we rate them .
Statement: Last year alone, 10 million fell ill from TB and 1.5 million died. ... Why don't we wear masks for TB?
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 17, 2020
Topics: health care;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The numbers in the  are based on global data from the WHO. However, the post leaves out important context when it fails to mention that COVID-19 is far more prevalent in the U.S. than TB. As a result, experts recommend wearing masks to slow the spread of COVID-19. Mask wearing is also recommended to prevent the spread of TB in places where it is common. We rate this  .
Statement: Quotes Winston Churchill as saying "Diplomacy is the art of telling people to go to hell in such a way that they ask for directions.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 11, 2018
Topics: fake news;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a website post
Fact-check justification: Likewise, Richard Langworth, senior fellow at the Churchill Project at Hillsdale College, includes the quotation in his running list of "All the ‘Quotes’ Winston Churchill Never Said." Langworth says there is no attribution for the quote.   Quote Investigator, a website that tracks down quotations, also found "no substantive  that Winston Churchill employed this joke," even though Churchill suddenly began receiving credit for it in the 2000s. The earliest instance of the statement, the website said, came in 1937 and was anonymous.   We rate this .
Statement: Mueller will be forced to resign over Pelosi affair.
Speaker: the patriot report
About the speaker: The Patriot Report is a website that posts fake news.
Date: January 18, 2018
Topics: congress;fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: We rated both of those claims . We sent a message to The Patriot Report on Facebook and did not get a reply. A headline said that "Mueller will be forced to resign over Pelosi affair." There is no  that such an affair occurred. We rate this headline .
Statement: New energy standards will take away "our freedom of choice and selection in the light bulbs we have in our homes.
Speaker: marsha blackburn
About the speaker: Marsha Blackburn, a native of Laurel, Miss., was first elected to represent Tennessee’s 7th Congressional District in 2002. Blackburn was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018,
Date: December 16, 2011
Location: tennessee
Topics: energy;government regulation
Context: appearance on Fox Business Channel’s “Varney & Co.”
Fact-check justification: Blackburn has been more careful in qualifying the language she uses to advance her cause. Because the standards will ultimately bring about the end of traditional incandescent bulbs, there is an element of  in Blackburn’s claims. But consumers will still have plenty of choice of different types of bulbs, even if traditional incandescents are not for sale. We rate the statement .
Statement: Raising the minimum wage to $10.10 an hour "will destroy between half a million and one million jobs.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: October 13, 2014
Location: national
Topics: income;jobs;message machine 2014
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: McConnell claimed that a Congressional Budget Office report said raising the minimum wage to $10.10 an hour "will destroy between half a million and one million jobs." The report said "roughly" 500,000 workers could lose their jobs if the minimum wage went up. But the CBO added that most likely the range was between very few to 1 million. McConnell focuses on the high-end of the spectrum on a range of potential outcomes. We rate the  .
Statement: The homicide rate in Baltimore is significantly higher than El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala. ...  I believe it's higher than Afghanistan.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 1, 2019
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: a rally
Fact-check justification: Trump said Baltimore has a higher homicide rate than El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala and Afghanistan. The comparison is flawed, because it uses the homicide rates of entire countries — which are a blend of relatively higher-crime urban areas and lower-crime rural areas — as a measuring stick to gauge the level of violence in a city.   We rate this .