chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In some states, African-Americans are three times more likely to be sentenced to death than whites for the same crime.
Speaker: van jones
About the speaker: Van Jones is a host of CNN's Crossfire. A former environmental and human rights activist, Jones in 2009, served as the "green jobs" adviser to President Barack Obama. He is the author of two New York Times best-selling books, The Green Collar Economy (2008) and Rebuild the Dream (2012).
 
Date: May 4, 2014
Topics: criminal justice;crime;punditfact
Context: a roundtable on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Jones said African-American defendants are three times more likely to receive a death penalty sentence than white defendants found guilty of the same crime in some states. We found racial disparities permeate cases surrounding the death penalty. The more proven factor is that the victim’s race affects a defendant’s sentence. Jones pointed us to a 2014 study of jury verdicts in death penalty cases in Washington , as well as other studies of metro jurisdictions. The situation in other states, however, is not as clear. Jones’  is partially accurate, as researchers have shown sentencing disparities by race do exist, but the state data to prove a pattern beyond Washington is either old or not exactly in line with the specific ratio Jones cited. We rate his  .
Statement: Says Stacey Evans "voted for (school) vouchers...in the beginning.
Speaker: stacey abrams
About the speaker: Stacey Abrams, a Democrat and national voting rights activist, is running for Georgia governor in 2022. She lost the Georgia governor's race in 2018. She is a former House Minority Leader for the Georgia General Assembly and State Representative for the 84th House District.
Date: October 2, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: a public forum
Fact-check justification: Abrams said Evans "voted for (school) vouchers...in the beginning." Abrams said she was referring to the Student Scholarship Organization program. Some aspects of Abrams’ statement are . Evans wasn’t in the legislature in 2008 when program was approved. In 2011, Evans voted for revisions to the program, although she voted against the final version after those revisions were dropped. Over the years, there’s been a legal dispute over whether the tax credits that fund the Student Scholarship Organization make the program different from school vouchers. In June 2017 Georgia’s Supreme Court ruled that the "voucher" label did not apply. Abrams'  had some accurate points, but it left out important details. We rate it .
Statement: There's been a 1,700 percent increase in asylum claims over the last 10 years.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 19, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: speech at the National Federation of Independent Businesses 75th Anniversary Celebration
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "There's been a 1,700 percent increase in asylum claims over the last 10 years." There was a 1,675 percent increase in asylum claims reviewed by the Homeland Security Department from 2008 to 2017. But that does not  fraud, as Trump suggested. Record levels of violence and persecution abroad largely explain the rise in asylum claims, experts told us. While the percentage of individuals whose asylum claims are approved by the Justice Department is relatively low, it might be explained by the much higher bar set by a court appearance than the completion of a survey. We rate this  .
Statement: The existence of a canine coronavirus vaccine casts doubt on statements that there isn't one for humans.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 22, 2020
Topics: animals;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "CCoV does not affect people. CCoV causes gastrointestinal problems in dogs, as opposed to respiratory disease." A vaccine is available for dogs with canine coronavirus, which causes gastrointestinal issues. It is not for prevention of COVID-19 in humans; there is no vaccine for that. We rate this .
Statement: The Broward Republican Executive Committee "had the liberal League of Women Voters Guide removed from the Broward Supervisor of Election's website.
Speaker: broward republican executive committee
About the speaker: The Broward Republican Executive Committee (BREC) is the main county GOP party group in Broward -- a county where registered Democrats outnumber Republicans two to one but the more than 250,000 GOP voters can sway statewide races. The group consists of hundreds of activists who share the goal of electing Republicans to local, state and national office.
Date: November 5, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: a post on its website
Fact-check justification: The Broward Republican Executive Committee claimed on its website that in 2012,  "We had the liberal League of Women Voters Guide removed from the Broward Supervisor of Election's website." The group’s chairman did contact the Broward elections office to complain about the guide,  and the link was moved from the home page. It can now be found through a few clicks by using the search engine, but you have to know to look for it. It’s more difficult to say whether the League’s voter guide or the League itself is "liberal." Some of the national League’s stances on issues -- in favor of more early voting, in favor of tackling climate change and supporting the health care law -- do dovetail with current liberal positions. The League officially considers itself nonpartisan and independent. But the guide didn’t endorse candidates and gave them an equal chance to respond. The committee was  correct about getting the voters guide removed from the Broward website, but the guide wasn’t clearly "liberal." We rate this  .
Statement: [Eighty-five percent] of the funds collected in each county will be redistributed elsewhere -- not spent in the county in which it is collected.
Speaker: debbie dooley
About the speaker: Debbie Dooley is the Georgia Tea Party Patriots state coordinator
Date: September 6, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: transportation;taxes
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: She is worried, however, that the list will be changed and leave a county without any of that 85 percent. Others closely involved in putting the list together say such a scenario is slim. Rockdale County has only three projects that are solely in its county on the current list. There’s not much concrete at this point to support Dooley’s . We rate it .
Statement: When we say 'one vote matters,' it's not just a saying – it has proven true 141 times in #Ohio over the last five years.
Speaker: jon husted
About the speaker: Jon Husted is running as Mike DeWine's running mate for the 2018 Republican primary for governor. Husted was elected Ohio secretary of state in 2010. He previously was a state senator from Ohio's 6th district and served two terms as speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives.
Date: January 3, 2018
Location: ohio
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Husted tweeted "When we say ‘one vote matters,’ it’s not just a saying – it has proven  141 times in #Ohio over the last five years." The tweet linked to a press release that said Husted was referring to races and local questions that resulted in tie votes or a difference of a single vote. Husted’s office provided data showing the 141 races for local office or local issue questions that were decided by that narrow margin between 2013 and 2017. Husted’s numbers are correct. However, we will note that races this close are very rare in the context of all the elections in Ohio. We rate this  .
Statement: The most likely triggering cause of (microcephaly)" is the "DTaP shot, a vaccine that had been recently mandated by the Brazilian government to be injected into pregnant women.
Speaker: centre for research on globalization
About the speaker: The Centre for Research on Globalization is a research and media organization based in Montreal with a focus on presenting views it contrasts with those in the mainstream press.
Date: February 4, 2016
Topics: global news service;public health
Context: an article posted on the group's website
Fact-check justification: An online article on the website of the Centre for Research of Globalization said the DTaP vaccine is the  likely cause of microcephaly in Brazil. First of all, Brazil used Tdap, a slightly different version of the vaccine. More important, not a bit of  supports the assertion that either variety lies behind microcephaly. Many thousands of pregnant women in the United States and around the world have been getting this vaccine for at least five years and multiple studies have found no ill effects on their babies. Not a single study has raised a red flag for any birth defect and certainly not microcephaly. In addition, administering the vaccine later in pregnancy reduces the likelihood that it will interfere with fetal development. The statement is  in every respect including naming the  version of the vaccine used in Brazil. We rate it .
Statement: When unemployment goes down, inflation goes up.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: May 15, 2022
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Pelosi said, "When unemployment goes down, inflation goes up." For years, economists believed in this relationship, and there is still an element of  to it. However, several decades of real-world experience has shown that the relationship between unemployment and inflation is not all that precise, because other factors — including supply shocks, productivity improvements and globalization — have often overwhelmed the effects between the two.  We rate the statement .
Statement: Legislators themselves cannot afford to buy housing in California.
Speaker: chad mayes
About the speaker: California Assembly Republican Leader Chad Mayes represents parts of San Bernardino and Riverside counties.
Date: January 17, 2017
Location: california
Topics: housing
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Assembly Republican Leader Chad Mayes recently claimed: "Legislators themselves cannot afford to buy housing in California." Mayes has a point when considering some of California’s priciest coastal cities. In the San Francisco Bay Area, for example, it would take a minimum salary of $152,000 to afford a median priced single family home, well above the $104,000 base pay for state legislators. But Mayes did not make this qualification. Instead, he declared legislators in general can’t afford California homes. Based on data from the California Association of Realtors Traditional Housing Affordability Index , that’s just not the case. At $515,000, California’s median priced single family home is expensive. But the salary to reasonably afford that home is $100,290, less than a legislator’s base pay. Many, though not necessarily all, lawmakers have other sources of income including the income of a spouse, or from owning a small business, that would increase their purchasing power. Mayes’ statement contains an element of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .  –  The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/46718580-8637-4912-acd4-23c6a781b1e5
Statement: 832,000 people lost their job while (Charlie Crist was) governor.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: October 10, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: Miramar
Fact-check justification: Scott said "832,000 people lost their job" while Crist was governor, blaming his opponent for not doing enough while in office to improve Florida’s growing ranks of the unemployed. It’s possible to quibble with the specific number of job losses that occurred under Crist, but the differences are small -- 1.5 percent in one direction or the other. The bigger issue is that it’s a stretch for Scott to ascribe blame for job losses on a governor’s watch, since it’s unclear whether any given governor’s policies have had an effect on employment trends. If Scott is trying to impugn Crist’s record on jobs during a recession -- something that depends heavily on the national and international economic picture -- he’s largely off base, even if his numbers are pretty close. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: A report from the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office "confirms that the American Health Care Act will lower premiums.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: March 13, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: corporations;federal budget;health care;medicaid
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Our rating Ryan says a report from the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office "confirms that the American Health Care Act will lower premiums." His reference is to people who buy health insurance on their own, rather than getting it from an employer or a government program such as Medicaid -- and how the Republicans’ American Health Care Act compares to the existing Affordable Care Act. For those people, the report expects average premiums would be 15 percent to 20 percent higher in 2018 and 2019, but by 2026 would be 10 percent lower. And the report also says that out-of-pocket expenses, such as deductibles, would tend to be higher than under Obamacare. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details, our rating is .
Statement: NOAA makes it official… CO2 warming is a hoax.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 22, 2023
Topics: climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In a 2019 post titled, "Nope, Earth isn’t cooling," NASA described these short-term cooling cycles as "statistical noise compared to the long-term trend. "  Claims that NOAA data proves human-caused climate change is a hoax rate . RELATED:   Climate change is not a "naturally occurring phenomenon." Humanity is the driving force
Statement: The border wall and the 'Remain in Mexico' policy "reduced illegal immigration by 90%.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: November 18, 2022
Topics: immigration;border security
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: The Trump administration mainly replaced older barriers with new ones, which may have prevented some illegal crossings, but how much is hard to quantify. Experts said Trump administration policies, such as "Remain in Mexico," likely contributed to immigration declines throughout the administration, but weren’t solely responsible for them. The global COVID-19 pandemic influenced migration declines in 2020, and that context is important. The burden of proof is on the speaker. In the absence of  clearly connecting a 90% decline in illegal immigration to a border wall or to another Trump policy, we rate Pence’s  .
Statement: A recent report from the president's deficit commission was "completely empty" on controlling health care costs.
Speaker: paul krugman
About the speaker: Paul Krugman is a columnist for the New York Times and professor of Economics and International Affairs at Princeton University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2008. He describes himself as liberal.
Date: November 14, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care;medicare;this week - abc news
Context: "This Week with Christiane Amanpour"
Fact-check justification: Krugman has a point that the co-chairs' proposal is vague. But the proposal does have several specific ideas on how to strengthen the IPAB. It has other recommendations on health care spending as well, and it includes dollar estimates for how much its ideas would reduce spending. It does recognize that health care spending must be controlled, and it's not completely empty of ideas. We rate Krugman's statement .
Statement: The number of inmates since 2000 on death row dying of natural causes has now surpassed the number of inmates executed.
Speaker: dean cannon
About the speaker: Dean Cannon (R-Winter Park) is the Florida Legislature's 2010 House Speaker and a lawyer.
Date: January 19, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: legal issues;crime
Context: comments to reporters
Fact-check justification: But here, we're focusing on Cannon's call for reforms based on death row inmate data. He said: "The number of inmates since 2000 on death row dying of natural causes has now surpassed the number of inmates executed." He's right. Of the 55 death row inmates to die since Jan. 1, 2000, only 25 actually were executed. We rate this statement .
Statement: The share of working-age men choosing to work is the lowest it has ever been.
Speaker: tim scott
About the speaker: Tim Scott, a South Carolina Republican senator, announced he is running for president in May 2023. He joined the Senate in 2013. Scott was previously elected to the Charleston County Council, the South Carolina House of Representatives and the United States House of Representatives.
Date: May 22, 2023
Topics: economy;jobs;women;workers
Context: his presidential announcement speech
Fact-check justification: Scott said, "The share of working-age men choosing to work is the lowest it has ever been." Overall, men’s participation in the labor force has fallen consistently since the end of World War II. Among "working-age men" specifically (ages 25 to 54), there has been a decline, but it’s less sharp. The participation rate for working-age men has been rising fairly consistently since the worst of the pandemic in 2020. And except for the pandemic period, the rate for working-age men has been largely steady for the past dozen years. The statement is partially accurate but needs additional context, so we rate it . PolitiFact Staff Writer Sevana Wenn contributed to this report.
Statement: Thirty-one percent of school districts are still receiving less funding per pupil than they did prior to the dramatic budget cuts of 2011.
Speaker: donna howard
About the speaker: Donna Howard is a state representative from Austin.
Date: September 19, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: the Austin American-Statesman
Fact-check justification: Howard said 31 percent of Texas districts are receiving less funding per pupil than they did prior to the 2011 "budget cuts." Howard’s assessment was based on a 16-month-old projection while actual results appear to have been worse. Inflation-adjusted data suggest 38 percent of districts fielded less state and local aid per student in fiscal 2015 than before the 2011 reductions. We rate Howard’s statement .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/0c20ef09-f901-426b-bc73-fd3b54a19253
Statement: Walmart must refund 2022 customers $500.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 19, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We found no  that the offer is authentic, and it follows a pattern we’ve seen in other online scams. In the past year, for example, we’ve debunked claims that Walmart customers could be entitled to a $500 refund, that the store must give some women a $500 grocery credit as part of a discrimination settlement, that the government is giving every household a $500 Walmart shopping credit to help with inflation, and that the company’s management is helping families with rising prices by selling $500 grocery cards for $2. Walmart spokespeople have previously told PolitiFact that these offers are . The company also advises customers to avoid buying, selling or checking a gift card balance "on online marketplaces outside of Walmart.com." We rate this  .
Statement: In Florida, 70 percent of the people here illegally came on an airplane. They overstayed a visa.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: January 27, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Rubio said, "In Florida, 70 percent of the people here illegally came on an airplane. They overstayed a visa." Rubio’s spokespersons provided no  for his  so we are uncertain of his source. The federal government does not appear to provide comprehensive data on the percentage of undocumented immigrants who overstayed their visa. However, a demographer who has studied the undocumented population for decades estimated that about 61 percent in Florida overstayed their visas. We rate this   https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/1d65fcb2-e8f3-47a0-ad04-e19ac599c283