chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: When Social Security was passed, there were all kinds of lawsuits," just as there have been in the legal battle over the new health care law.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: December 13, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care;history;legal issues;social security
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: "The issue at the heart of the health care individual mandate -- whether the government can, in the name of regulating interstate commerce, require individuals to buy a commercial product simply because they were born and they live in this country -- was raised neither by the Social Security cases nor by any other case in the nation's history," Taylor said. "Also, while one can plausibly defend the individual mandate's enforcement provision as a tax in support of the general welfare, like the Social Security tax, that argument is somewhat undermined by the facts that the President and Congress strenuously denied that the mandate is a tax in order to get it passed and that the law itself was changed to call it a penalty, not a tax." So, Obama's comparison is not exact. But there are some striking similarities, so -- unlike in our previous item -- we think the president was justified in making the broad comparison. And on the narrow question of whether "there were all kinds of lawsuits" when Social Security was passed, we rate Obama's statement .
Statement: In Cranston, it costs $5,000 to $6,000 to send out community notifications on just one Level 3 sex offender.
Speaker: peter palumbo
About the speaker: Peter Palumbo was a Rhode Island state representative whose district included Cranston. He served in the legislature from 1994 until he was defeated for reelection in 2014. Prior to that he was a Cranston City Councilman for five years.
Date: April 11, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: children;criminal justice;crime
Context: a House Finance Committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Based on the accounting, that averages out to $655 per offender. The costs were similar whether the offender was designated Level 2 or Level 3. So when Representative Palumbo said that it cost between $5,000 and $6,000 to notify people that a registered Level 3 sex offender has moved into a Cranston neighborhood, his estimate was about eight times too high. We rate the   . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Florida teachers are "already paid $5,000 below the national average.
Speaker: dan gelber
About the speaker: Dan Gelber is a former Florida state Senator representing Miami Beach. He campaigned to be Florida Attorney General and was defeated on Nov. 2, 2010.
Date: April 8, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a letter posted on his campaign Web site
Fact-check justification: Still, Gelber said "paid," which to most people means just salary and there's enough for us to assess his  that Florida teachers are paid $5,000 below the national average. The most recent data from the National Education Association, the source he cited, show that his estimate was actually on the low side and that the disparity is greater that he claimed. But a survey from the American Federation of Teachers suggests the difference isn't as great as he claimed. Still, both surveys support his underlying point that Florida teachers lag behind the national average. So we find his  .
Statement: At the same time gas prices have increased, "the share of the oil market controlled by speculators has more than doubled over the past 10 years.
Speaker: bill nelson
About the speaker: Bill Nelson was first elected to the U.S. Senate from Florida in 2000. He lost re-election to Gov. Rick Scott in 2018. Nelson previously served in the Florida Legislature, Congress and as state Treasurer and Insurance Commissioner.
 
Date: April 15, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: energy;financial regulation;gas prices
Context: POLITICO
Fact-check justification: Nelson said, "The share of the oil market controlled by speculators has more than doubled over the past 10 years." The number is based on data collected by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission. But experts told us that measure doesn’t include the entire oil market. Plus, Nelson’s implication is that the rise in noncommercial traders is directly related to the upswing in gas prices over 10 years. That’s a controversial notion, and, as an independent agency pointed out, unproven either way. We rate this  .
Statement: Videos and photos of military vehicles are proof of "war prep" and looming military action within the U.S.
Speaker: hal turner radio show
About the speaker: Hal Turner uses internet and radio broadcasts to float conspiracy theories and hate speech. In 2010, he was sentenced to 33 months in prison for threatening three federal judges over their decision to uphold handgun bans in Chicago.
Date: June 17, 2023
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: An article shared on social media claims that videos and photos of military vehicles are proof of "war prep" and looming military action within the U.S.  In four of the examples cited, we found simple explanations backed by , such as routine military training exercises or patriotic celebrations. One case is likely related to presidential travel. We rate the  .
Statement: A black male baby born today, if we do not change the system, stands a one-in-three chance (of) ending up in jail.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: June 11, 2015
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;crime;race and ethnicity
Context: an interview on PBS
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that "a black male baby born today, if we do not change the system, stands a one-in-three chance (of) ending up in jail." This calculation, while it’s the most recent one available, is 14 years old, and changes in the underlying data suggest that the actual odds of incarceration may be somewhat smaller today. Still, other  suggests that blacks have a disproportionate likelihood of ending up in prison. On balance we rate it .
Statement: New York state is outpacing the rest of the country, because shootings in New York are down 10%, and across the country the drop is only 2%.
Speaker: kathy hochul
About the speaker: Kathy Hochul, a Democrat, is the governor of New York state. She is a former member of Congress.
Date: September 28, 2022
Location: new york
Topics: crime;public safety;guns
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Hochul claimed New York State is doing better than the rest of the country in the number of shootings, saying they dropped 10% in New York and 2% in the rest of the country.  A state report of 20 police agencies does show a 10% drop in shooting incidents.  A different database shows a 2% drop in shootings across the country.  But comparing these results can be , because they don’t contain all of the same types of shooting incidents, and the state report includes only some geographic areas.  Independent of each other, Hochul cited reliable statistics. In New York, shootings appear to be down more than in the rest of the country, though it’s not clear by how much. Comparing New York with the rest of the country, as she did, mixes data sources and can give a  impression about where New York stands. The Gun Violence Archive, the source for her  of a 2% drop across the country, shows a much smaller drop in New York state during the same period — a 3% or a 3.8% drop, depending on which types of shootings are counted.  We rate her statement .
Statement: Americans now spend 100 days out of the year working for government before we even start working for ourselves.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: April 14, 2010
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Boston
Fact-check justification: Both Palin and the Tax Foundation avoid saying that Tax Freedom Day represents the experience of "a typical American," which would have been a more problematic phrasing. Our graduated tax system, which is weighted more heavily on the wealthy, means that the average amount paid is skewed upward by a smaller number of wealthy people who pay a lot. In other words, there are many, many more people who would fall under the 100-day threshold mentioned by Palin than over it. We think listeners take Palin as referring to what a typical American pays in taxes, since she didn't specify otherwise.  Leaving that impression in listeners' minds, we knock her statement down to .
Statement: Says Gina Raimondo's "venture capital firm secured a secret no-bid contract funded by taxpayers.
Speaker: angel taveras
About the speaker: Angel Taveras served a four-year term as the mayor of Providence, R.I. beginning in Jan. 3, 2011, the first Dominican-American to be elected mayor in the state. In 2014 he lost the Democratic primary when he ran for governor. Taveras, a lawyer and former Housing Court judge, replaced David N. Cicilline, who was elected to Congress in Rhode Island's 1st District. He is a graduate of  Harvard University and Georgetown Law School.
Date: August 19, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: candidate biography;city government;corporations;ethics;message machine 2014;negative campaigning;pensions;retirement
Context: a commercial
Fact-check justification: Angel Taveras said Gina Raimondo's "venture capital firm secured a secret no-bid contract funded by taxpayers," citing a newspaper story that deals with the terms of Point Judith's deal with Providence. Some elements of the deal remain secret. But the ad’s clear implication that the contract was approved in secret is . It wasn’t. It was voted on in an open session. To call it a no-bid contract is technically correct, but that phrase suggests something improper. The reality is that many such investment decisions never go out for bid because the investments have been vetted by a financial consultant. Because the statement in Taveras' commercial contained some element of  but ignored critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Page 992 of the health care bill will "establish school-based 'health' clinics. Your children will be indoctrinated and your grandchildren may be aborted!
Speaker: liberty counsel
About the speaker: The Liberty Counsel advances religious freedom, the sanctity of human life and the traditional family.
Date: July 29, 2009
Location: national
Topics: abortion;health care
Context: a memo on the group's Web site
Fact-check justification: "I'm just relaying what I've been told to say."    That's not persuasive. We see no language in the three main versions of the bill that would allow school-based clinics, which have a long history of providing basic health services to underprivileged students, to provide abortions. Nor would the clinics even be new — they have been around for three decades. So we rate the  !
Statement: The Georgia Department of Education has implemented a new policy beginning in August that states that public schools will no longer accept credits from home school entities or non-traditional education centers.
Speaker: nancy gordeuk
About the speaker: Nancy Gordeuk is the founder of TNT Academy, a non-traditional educational center in Gwinnett County, Georgia
Date: June 22, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: an online posting
Fact-check justification: In Gwinnett County, where Gordeuk’s facility is located, students seeking transfer credits from these centers must first pass a county-issued test. Gordeuk is correct in noting that the transfer credit policy has changed. But the local school districts can make the decisions on how that process is handled. We rated Gordeuk’s  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Georgia to check, email us at [email protected] Follow us on Twitter: @politifactga; and like us on Facebook: Politifact Georgia.)
Statement: Says "94 percent of (Marco Rubio's) constituents support a universal background check.
Speaker: mark kelly
About the speaker: Mark Kelly is a U.S. Senator from Arizona. Kelly is a retired astronaut and husband of former U.S. Rep. Gabby Giffords, D-Ariz., who was injured in a January 2011 shooting. The couple founded advocacy group Americans for Responsible Solutions.
Date: March 31, 2013
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: an interview on 'Fox News Sunday'
Fact-check justification: Kelly said "94 percent of (Rubio's) constituents support a universal background check." A major state poll conducted in March shows 91 percent of Florida voters favor requiring checks "for all gun buyers." Kelly’s  is within the poll’s margin of error. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama "has amended, delayed, or repealed 19 components of his very own (health care) law.
Speaker: tom graves
About the speaker: Tom Graves represents Georgia's 9th Congressional District.
Date: September 22, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Graves said Obama "himself has amended, delayed, or repealed 19 components of his very own law." Based on the analysis by the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service, Graves has the right number. However, he simplifies the way that many of those 19 changes came about, and by doing that, makes it seem as though the president were more directly involved. Graves cited these changes as  that the law is fatally flawed but he glossed over the differences among them. Some of the changes were significant and some were technical or tangential to the health care law itself. The basic number is right but there are lot of details of details missing from Graves' assertion. We rate the  .
Statement: Says U.S. Senate candidate David Perdue flip-flopped on releasing his tax returns.
Speaker: karen handel
About the speaker: Karen Handel is the former secretary of state of Georgia. She is also the former chair of the Fulton County Board of Commissioners. Handel, a Republican, lost the runoff for the GOP nomination for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: April 21, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: In April, Handel criticized Perdue for not releasing his tax returns a week after she challenged her Republican opponents to do so. Perdue has since shown his returns to the AJC and AP. Perdue did show his returns, but only a few weeks after Handel’s challenge. And a pledge of total transparency means your taxes are open to inspection to the public, not just a few reporters. We rate Handel’s  .
Statement: Says marijuana is "legal in most states in this country.
Speaker: beto o'rourke
About the speaker: Beto O’Rourke is a former representative of Texas’s 16th Congressional District. He represented the district from 2013 until 2019, when he gave up his seat to run a senate campaign against incumbent Ted Cruz, which O’Rourke lost. He received a bachelor’s degree in English literature from Columbia University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: September 29, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: marijuana
Context: Austin
Fact-check justification: O’Rourke said marijuana is legal in most states. Only nine states have legalized marijuana use for all adults. But 30 have some form of legal use for medical purposes, giving O'Rourke's statement an element of . We rate his statement .
Statement: To hear Gov. Christie tell it, everything in New Jersey is going just fine. Well I see another New Jersey with 400,000 unemployed. One of the worst jobless rates in the country. Working and middle class families have seen costs soar, from property taxes to college tuition.
Speaker: barbara buono
About the speaker:  Barbara Buono is a Democratic state senator representing part of Middlesex County. Buono previously served in the State Assembly from 1994 to 2001.
Date: May 22, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: education;jobs;taxes
Context: a gubernatorial campaign television ad
Fact-check justification: A new Buono TV ad claims, "To hear Gov. Christie tell it, everything in New Jersey is going just fine. Well I see another New Jersey with 400,000 unemployed. One of the worst jobless rates in the country. Working and middle class families have seen costs soar, from property taxes to college tuition." Buono is right that nearly 400,000 New Jerseyans are out of work, but fewer people are unemployed now than when Christie became governor. Also, the state is faring better in job creation when employment gains are analyzed across the bulk of Christie’s time in office. Property taxes and college tuition have both soared, as the ad claims, but we can’t ignore how much property taxes skyrocketed across three Democratic administrations prior to Christie’s. Still, the governor’s aid cuts in 2010 to help close budget gaps resulted in higher tuition at two-year and four-year schools in the state. There are degrees of accuracy here, but given the significant context issues with this ad we rate it . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: $120,000 will be spent by taxpayers on Charlie Crist's political photo-op special session.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: July 9, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: oil spill;state budget
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: When Crist announced the special session, Rubio pounced and accused him of creating a $120,000-taxpayer funded photo op for a four-day special session. Rubio was being conservative with his numbers, using the low-end of $30,000 for four days. We're going with actual average of $46,544 from three recent sessions, and adding a fudge factor for all those imprecise costs that nobody in Tallahassee seems able to pin down. Let's call it a minimum of $50,000 a day, and $200,000 if this session lasts four days. Rubio went with a logical but conservative estimate, so we rate this  .
Statement: Says a photo of a woman with multiple bruises on her face is Democrat Keith Ellison's girlfriend and he is responsible for her injuries.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 18, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Thank you. https://t.co/JQn95QwyWW Monahan released medical notes from her doctor that said she reported she was in a physically and emotionally abusive relationship, and that she identified the partner as Ellison. But the doctor also noted that she did not have "any physical injuries that required a physical examination. "
Statement: The name Frank has risen in popularity by 20 percent" since the debut of 'House of Cards' on Netflix.
Speaker: matt lauer
About the speaker: Matt Lauer is host of NBC's Today Show.
Date: January 11, 2015
Topics: pop culture;punditfact
Context: a red carpet interview before the Golden Globes
Fact-check justification: Lauer asked Spacey if he knew that "the name Frank has risen in popularity by 20 percent" since the debut of House of Cards in 2013. Lauer seems to be referencing a 2014 press release from the website BabyCenter.com that played up the influence of Netflix shows on new children’s names. It should be obvious that the company’s priority is generating publicity and not sound scientific methods. Experts say the best data comes from the Social Security Administration, which will not release its baby name rankings until May 2015. And we do know that, according to Social Security data, Frank was never more unpopular than in 2013, when  House of Cards  debuted. Now you know more than you probably need to about baby name trends, and how a fact-checker’s mind works while trying to watch mindless television. The  is . Help fund PolitiFact’s Kickstarter to live fact-check the 2015 State of the Union and GOP response.
Statement: Says Jeb Bush "doesn't believe in a path to citizenship. If he did at one time, he no longer does.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: July 7, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview with CNN
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that Bush "doesn't believe in a path to citizenship. If he did at one time, he no longer does." At times, Bush has supported a path to citizenship, and at other times he hasn’t. He has said he might support a path to citizenship if it could make it through the political process. But in recent interviews Bush has emphasized a path to legalized status instead of citizenship. We rate this  .
Statement: Peter Meijer voted to "create the Adam Schiff-led January 6th Commission.
Speaker: john gibbs
About the speaker: John Gibbs is running for a U.S. House seat based in West Michigan. He was endorsed by former President Donald Trump and worked in the Trump administration at the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Date: June 23, 2022
Location: michigan
Context: a campaign email
Fact-check justification: Our rating Gibbs claimed that Meijer voted to "create the Adam Schiff-led January 6th Commission." Meijer voted against establishing the select committee currently investigating the Capitol attack. Prior to that, he did vote for a bipartisan commission. But that commission was never created, and the committee that was established is not led by Schiff, who serves as a member but not its chair. We rate this  .