chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The largest enterprise in the world is the federal government of the United States of America
Speaker: mark warner
About the speaker: Mark Warner, a Democrat, has represented Virginia in the U.S. Senate since 2009. He serves on the Banking, Budget, Commerce and Intelligence committees. He is the honorary co-chairman of the Forward Together PAC.
Warner gave the keynote address at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. Warner previously served as governor of Virginia from 2002 to 2006. He also ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in 1996. Before public office, Warner was an early investor in the cell phone business, co-founded the company that became Nextel.
Warner was born in Indianapolis, Ind., and grew up in Illinois and Connecticut. Warner graduated from George Washington University, Washington, D.C. He received a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass.
Date: December 16, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: china;corporations;federal budget;public service;workers
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Warner said the U.S government is the largest enterprise in the world. His staff said the statement was based on the federal government’s employment and budget. The  runs aground in China. Warner’s office cites statistics that compare the employment of the U.S. government to parts of the Chinese government, but not the whole. China has issued conflicting numbers on its total number of civil servants, but they all greatly exceed the number of workers paid by the U.S. government. Warner is on better footing on the budgeting side of his . A variety of widely used statistics shows no government or corporation raises and spends more money than the U.S. So Warner is  on one of measurements and right on the other. We’ll split the difference and rate his statement .
Statement: A few months ago, it hit where West Virginia is, on a per capita basis, one of the most successful (gross domestic product) states in our union.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 21, 2018
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Charleston, W.Va
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "A few months ago, it hit where West Virginia is, on a per capita basis, one of the most successful (gross domestic product) states in our union." Judging by quarterly GDP growth -- a measure Trump has used accurately in the past to talk about West Virginia -- the state chalked up two quarters of rapid growth but three quarters of stagnation. In the most recent two quarters, West Virginia was mired around 1 percent growth, ranking in the bottom half of states. Alternately, using GDP per capita, Trump is way off, as West Virginia ranks 47th among the states in this measure. The statement contains an element of  but ignores  that would give a different impression, so we rate the statement .
Statement: Cobb is one of the largest school systems (in the nation) that is debt free.
Speaker: joellen smith
About the speaker: education activist, EmpowerED volunteer
Date: February 22, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: county budget;debt;taxes
Context: an editorial
Fact-check justification: Education activist and education sales tax supporter JoEllen Smith said that Cobb County Schools is one of the largest systems in the nation that is debt free. The district is the second largest in the state, and is the 23rd largest in the country, according to the Census Bureau. Cobb Schools has used previous sales tax collections to pay off long-term bond debt, which education experts said is common practice in Georgia. This pay-as-you-go system of funding projects has kept the county school system debt free. We rated Smith’s statement .
Statement: Obamacare was patterned after (Mitt Romney's) plan in Massachusetts.
Speaker: tim pawlenty
About the speaker: Tim Pawlenty is the former governor of Minnesota, having served two terms in office from 2003-2011.
Date: August 11, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Ames, Iowa
Fact-check justification: In rating that statement, we noticed that Pawlenty phrased his statement carefully. He didn't say it was the same plan, but instead said that the national law was "patterned" after the Massachusetts law, and they had "substantial similarities." He's correct that the plans, thought not completely identical, are very similar in structure. They both require everyone to have health insurance or pay a penalty; they both leave the current insurance system in place; they both expand coverage for the uninsured through subsidies or Medicaid. Because his statement accurately categorized the plans as similar -- but not exactly the same -- we rate Pawlenty's statement .
Statement: President (Ronald) Reagan did a similar thing. George H.W. Bush did a similar order" as former President Barack Obama's Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA.
Speaker: al franken
About the speaker: Al Franken is a former U.S. senator from Minnesota.
Date: September 5, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Franken said, "President Reagan did a similar thing. George H.W. Bush did a similar order" as Obama’s Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA. There are differences in the substance and circumstances of DACA, on the one hand, and the Reagan and Bush actions, on the other. But they are similar in their broad strokes and even share some specific features. Most significantly, all three are examples of presidents relying on executive authority to selectively apply U.S. immigration law to lift — or lift the risk of — deportation for large numbers of undocumented immigrants. We rate this .
Statement: Five Wisconsin cities received money for the 2020 election from Mark Zuckerberg, which amounted to "a wave of massive election bribery.
Speaker: michael gableman
About the speaker: Michael J. Gableman a lawyer  and former justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court. ]A Republican, Gableman has been called a "hard-line conservative."
During a November 7, 2020 speech at a Trump rally in Milwaukee four days after the election, Gableman said "I don't think anyone here can think of anything more systematically unjust than a stolen election."
In 2021, Wisconsin state assembly speaker Robin Vos tasked Gableman with conducting his review of the 2020 U.S. presidential election in Wisconsin. 
Date: March 7, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;legal issues
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: Gableman said five Wisconsin cities received money for the 2020 election from Mark Zuckerberg, which amounted to "a wave of massive election bribery."  But far more than five cities received the money. Gableman is ignoring ones in largely Republican areas. And courts have repeatedly upheld the grants as lawful, not bribery – much less a "massive wave" of bribery. As a former state Supreme Court justice, that’s a point Gableman should be familiar with. That makes the  . We rate it .
Statement: Says Sean Casten supports "doubling premiums" and "cutting current health care plans.
Speaker: peter roskam
About the speaker: Roskam graduated from the University of Illinois before spending his early career in the office of Congressman Henry Hyde. He later earned his J.D. from Kent College of Law. Roskam has represented Chicago's western suburbs in both the Illinois House of Representatives and Senate. He is chief deputy whip and is now serving his fourth term.
Date: July 1, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: health care
Context: a Facebook ad
Fact-check justification: Roskam alleges that Casten supports "doubling premiums" and "cutting current health care plans" for Illinois families. Casten doesn’t support doubling premiums or reducing options—and Roskam’s campaign could point to nothing that said he did. The crux of Roskam’s argument centers on Casten’s support for expanding Obamacare options. Premiums on the federal exchange have spiked in past years, but Illinois’ largest insurer now says it expects them to go down slightly for 2019. What’s more, most Americans get insurance through employers, not Obamacare. But among those who do, most have been insulated from the full force of premium increases by federal subsidies. Health care policy has more wrinkles than a Shar Pei dog, and the complexity makes it easy for partisans to demagogue. Roskam’s claims are a clear example. They’re not just , they’re . We rate them !
Statement: Harry Reid has voted "to give illegals Social Security benefits even for the time they were here illegally.
Speaker: sharron angle
About the speaker: Sharron Angle is a former member of the Nevada Assembly who unsuccessfully tried to unseat Harry Reid in 2010 as the Republican nominee for his U.S. Senate seat.
Date: September 14, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;message machine 2010;social security
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: We also see problems with the ad's explanation of what was being voted on. For one thing, the vote wouldn't have given current illegals Social Security benefits, as the ad implies. Instead, Reid's votes affected the policy for former illegal aliens who were later made legal. For another, the vote was not about giving benefits but rather on whether to change the calculation process so that former illegals could get credit for money they had paid into the system years before, when they were illegal. We consider these descriptions , and in combination with the ad's decision to ignore Reid's contrary vote, we feel the this part of the statement deserves a rating of .
Statement: You and I know that in the history of mankind and womankind, government — federal, state, local, or otherwise — has never created one job.
Speaker: michael steele
About the speaker: Michael Steele is the chairman of the Republican National Committee. He was formerly the lieutenant governor of Maryland, serving from 2003 to 2007.
Date: January 31, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus
Context: a speech to House Republicans
Fact-check justification: But that's not what he said. He said that "government — federal, state or local — has never created one job." Then, in the interview with Stephanopoulos, he implied that only businesses can create jobs, not government. Steele may not like government jobs, but he can't wish them away. For trying to pretend that government jobs don't exist, we rate his statement !
Statement: It would be illegal for the Fulton County Commission to raise the county tax rate.
Speaker: john albers
About the speaker: John Albers is running as a Republican for state Senate in District 56, which covers the Roswell area.
Date: June 14, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: county government
Context: In an emai to constituents
Fact-check justification: Ah, which brings us back to the difference between unlawful – something that violates a law – and illegal – a court’s decision on whether a law can be enforced. In that sense, parsing words matter. Albers said it would be "illegal" for Fulton to raise its taxes. That isn’t up to him any more than it is to the commission, regardless of common understanding of the word. For that reason, we rate his statement as .
Statement: Says Rick Scott cut education by over a billion dollars, meaning thousands of teachers "lost their jobs" and "class sizes went up.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: September 16, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: children;education;message machine 2014;state budget
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Crist said that Scott cut education by over a billion dollars, meaning thousands of teachers "lost their jobs" and "class sizes went up." The kernel of  to this  is that the number of teachers did decline and the percentage of classes out of class-size compliance rose in 2011. But this is outweighed by a long list of omissions -- and it doesn’t reflect Scott’s complete tenure. The first problem is it glosses over the fact that the cut took place in 2011, and was later followed by increases. In addition, it is an overstatement to suggest that "thousands" of teachers lost their jobs due to the 2011 state budget cuts. Statewide data shows the number of teachers dropped by about 1,405, but that includes departures for any reason, not just layoffs. The percentage of class sizes out of compliance with the mandate increased by about 1 percentage point between Crist’s last budget and Scott’s first budget. However, there are multiple district and state factors that influence class size and the compliance rules have repeatedly changed in recent years. We rate this  .
Statement: I restored felons' rights - 173,000 - more than any governor in the history of America.
Speaker: terry mcauliffe
About the speaker: Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat, was elected governor of Virginia on Nov. 5, 2013. He received 47.8 percent of the vote in defeating Republican Ken Cuccinelli, who came in at 45.2 percent. Robert Sarvis, a Libertarian, finished a distant third with 6.5 percent.
McAuliffe's inaguration as Virginia's 72nd governor is scheduled on Jan. 11, 2014.
McAuliffe, a wealthy businessman and noted political fundraiser, was co-chairman of President Bill Clinton's 1996 reelection campaign. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2005 and chairman of Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, McAuliffe unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Virginia governor.
McAuliffe was born in Syracuse, N.Y., on Feb. 9, 1957. He has a bachelor's degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. McAuliffe has lived in Fairfax County for more than 20 years, is married and has five children.
 
Date: April 6, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: criminal justice;race and ethnicity
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: McAuliffe said, "I restored felons’ rights - 173,000 - more than any governor in the history of America." McAuliffe restored the voting rights of 173,166 people when he was Virginia governor from 2014-2018. It’s plausible that he had established a record when he left office, but we can’t say so with certainty. In any case, his achievement has been lauded as groundbreaking by many civil rights advocates. But McAuliffe’s  needs a little clarification: He is not the current record holder. Kentucky Gov. Andy Beshear has more recently restored voting rights to 180,315 people since 2019. So, we rate McAuliffe’s statement .
Statement: We have a 40 to 50 percent dropout rate in our inner-city schools.
Speaker: dan patrick
About the speaker: As a Houston state senator, Dan Patrick won election as lieutenant governor of Texas in November 2014 after earlier defeating incumbent David Dewhurst for his party's nomination. Patrick also has hosted a daily talk show on AM700 in Houston.
Date: June 7, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;education
Context: his speech at the state convention of the Republican Party of Texas
Fact-check justification: Patrick said: "We have a 40 to 50 percent dropout rate in our inner-city schools." Asked to back up his statement, Patrick failed to account for all the state’s inner-city high schools and the handful of schools he singled out had official 2012 dropout rates of 5 percent to 27 percent, far short of 40 percent or more. His proclaimed figures depend on assuming schools hide dropouts by misrepresenting them as leaving for private school or for schooling outside Texas. We rate this  as .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. CORRECTION, July 28, 2014 : This story has been amended to clarify that Lori Taylor is on an advisory board to the Children at Risk Institute; she's not on its board of directors. This change didn't affect our rating of this .
Statement: The average age of members of the House of Representatives is 57 years old.
Speaker: weston wamp
About the speaker: Weston Wamp in 2012 is running for Tennessee's 3rd Congressional District seat that his father, Zach Wamp, held until after his unsuccessful run for Tennessee governor in 2010.
Date: April 3, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: congress
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: We won’t attempt to fact-check the argument that age equals wisdom. But on Wamp’s  that the average age of House members is 57, the young Republican is correct and earns a  rating on the -o-Meter.
Statement: Nearly half of Hispanic voters in Arizona's last election supported four measures that were "very tough on illegal immigration.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: October 19, 2007
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Fact-check justification: We did. Deputy Secretary of State Kevin Tyne said, "We're precluded from tracking that kind of information." But just to be sure there wasn't another source for Tancredo's numbers, we talked to Quin Monson, assistant director at the Center for the Study of Elections and Democracy at Brigham Young University; to John A. Garcia, a University of Arizona political science professor who has done extensive polling of Hispanics; to Earl de Berge, research director at the Behavior Research Center, a public opinion firm in Phoenix; and to Fred Solop, a Northern Arizona University political science professor and pollster. Not one knew of data to support Tancredo's statement. That's why we can only give him a .
Statement: Says Whoopi Goldberg kept her job and was applauded by ABC after calling Jeanine Pirro a racist slur.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 22, 2019
Topics: pundits;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Goldberg confirmed she used the F-word but denied spitting, and she said that Pirro "called everybody at the table a name I cannot repeat on TV." Lauri Hogan, a spokeswoman for ABC, told PolitiFact that Goldberg did not say the slur the Facebook post claims.    We couldn’t find any credible corroborating  online that Goldberg said it, nor did we find such an article in the Nexis news database.   We found no  that Goldberg called Pirro a racist insult. We rate this post .
Statement: Video shows Attorney General Merrick Garland saying, "Wait for revenge.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 13, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The nearly 11-minute video in the post is a clip from a May 2021 Senate Appropriations Committee hearing on domestic violent extremism. We reviewed a transcript of the hearing, and Garland never told the committee to "wait for revenge." Kennedy, a committee member , never mentioned Trump.   Rather, Kennedy asked Garland about gun violence in Chicago.   We rate this post !
Statement: In 2012, Connie Mack missed 178 votes, "one of the worst voting records" in Congress.
Speaker: bill nelson
About the speaker: Bill Nelson was first elected to the U.S. Senate from Florida in 2000. He lost re-election to Gov. Rick Scott in 2018. Nelson previously served in the Florida Legislature, Congress and as state Treasurer and Insurance Commissioner.
 
Date: October 17, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;debates;voting record
Context: Davie, Fla
Fact-check justification: Nelson said Mack missed 178 votes this year, making that "one of the worst voting records." Mack did miss 178 votes this year compared to 1 for Nelson. But unlike Nelson, Mack faced serious primary challengers, which meant he had to campaign in Florida more. Also, the House takes more votes than the Senate, so it’s more useful to look at percentages of missed votes. But the numbers are correct. According to the New York Times , Mack’s record places him in 13th for this Congress which started in January 2011 (or 10th if we omit members who resigned or died). That fits the definition of "one of the worst." We rate this  .
Statement: Wisconsin requires, "by law, a photo ID to vote.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: January 24, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;legal issues;supreme court
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: And it can’t be enforced until there is a final decision from the U.S. Supreme Court. Walker’s statement is partially accurate, but leaves out important details -- our definition of . ------ More on Scott Walker For profiles and stories on Scott Walker and 2016 presidential politics, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel's Scott Walker page . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel’s web page .
Statement: In the past 27 months, President Barack Obama has created more private-sector jobs than "in the Reagan recovery.
Speaker: stephanie cutter
About the speaker: Stephanie Cutter appears as a co-host on CNN's Crossfire. She previously served as deputy campaign manager for the Barack Obama campaign in 2012. She is the former communications director for the Democratic National Committee and worked as a White House deputy communications director while Bill Clinton was president.
 
Date: August 22, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;history;jobs
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: Even using Cutter’s cherry-picked formulation, job creation under Obama has dramatically trailed the pace set by Reagan. In fact, adjusting for the size of the workforce, Reagan’s recovery was more than four times bigger than Obama’s has been so far. We rate Cutter’s  .