chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Republicans are attempting to remove Barack Obama from Georgia's Presidential Ballot in 2012.
Speaker: georgia democrats
About the speaker: Georgia Democrats is the state's official Democratic Party organization.
Date: December 21, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: an online fundraising bid
Fact-check justification: Nevertheless, these challenges are dyed bright red. A GOP state representative does represent two of the challengers, and two unsuccessful Republican candidates from Tennessee and California represent the rest. One challenger is chairman of his county GOP. Three of the four challengers consider themselves Republicans, and all of them have voted Republican. Because the state party is not involved in the challenge, but individual Republicans are leading the charge, we rate the Georgia Democrats’ statement .
Statement: Of the more than 1.3 million temporary mortgage modifications, over half have defaulted.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: October 26, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: housing
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: In the final full week of the U.S. Senate race, how did Rubio fare on his numbers about the mortgage modification program? Rubio said "over 1.3 million temporary work-outs, over half have now defaulted,'' referring to a temporary mortgage modification program. His  requires some clarification -- of the more than 1.3 million mortgage modifications that started out as temporary, nearly 700,000 in the trial phase were cancelled -- or 51 percent. So Rubio is correct on "over half" but  to conclude that all of those had "defaulted." Defaulting was the second most common reason for cancellation, therefore we rate this  .
Statement: Tear gas was used on average once a month during the Obama administration for very similar circumstances.
Speaker: sarah huckabee sanders
About the speaker: Sarah Huckabee Sanders became the governor of Arkansas in January 2023. She worked as White House press secretary 2017-2019. The daughter of former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee, she was a surrogate for Donald Trump's presidential campaign.
Date: November 27, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a press briefing
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "Tear gas was used on average once a month during the Obama administration for very similar circumstances." The Trump administration used tear gas on migrants at the southwest border. Officials say the tear gas was a response to migrants throwing rocks at border patrol agents. Immigration officials provided data for tear gas use during the latter years of the Obama administration, starting in 2012. That data shows an average of 1.3 incidents per month. The circumstances of all those incidents is unclear. Sanders’ statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Amazon's Alexa confirms Michelle Obama "was born Michael LaVaughn Robinson.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 15, 2022
Topics: technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Another custom Q&A example on Amazon’s "Alexa Skill Blueprints" page : "Alexa, who is the best mom?" Alexa: "I just compared all moms in history and my conclusion is that yours is the best." We don’t know the backstory of the Alexa video in this Instagram post, but we do know that if you ask Alexa today whether Michelle Obama "started out as Michael," Alexa will correctly rebut the . And even if Alexa did give such a response, the  itself is baseless. We rate claims that suggest otherwise !
Statement: Two elections in a row (Waukesha County Clerk Kathy Nickolaus) has screwed up counting the vote
Speaker: democratic party of wisconsin
About the speaker: The Democratic Party of Wisconsin focuses on advancing state Democratic candidates and related issues.
Date: August 9, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: So, we’ll return to the original remarks as well. In claiming Nickolaus "screwed up counting the vote" for the second election in a row, Tate offered no proof that the numbers that eventually came in were off. Nor did he offer proof she was "sitting on" votes -- much less "tampering" or "conducting criminal voter fraud" on election night. This  is  and, in the "heat of the moment" as he put it, Tate made a  . In this case, where there’s heat, there’s fire: .
Statement: Says U.S. Sen. Bill Nelson "voted with the Democrats in Congress nearly 95 percent of the time.
Speaker: sean hannity
About the speaker: Sean Hannity is a conservative political commentator and hosts a nationally syndicated radio show, as well as two television shows on the Fox News Channel. In a 2013 interview Hannity said that he is a “registered Conservative” and ”not a Republican, though people often mistake me for one.” Hannity has authored three books.
Date: November 28, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: pundits;voting record
Context: a TV interview with U.S. Connie Mack
Fact-check justification:     Hannity said that Nelson "voted with the Democrats in Congress nearly 95 percent of the time." The Washington Post database shows Nelson voted with his party 94 percent of the time for the current session -- and OpenCongress shows a slightly lower figure at 90.9 percent with CQ not far behind at 89 percent.     But simply reporting the figure doesn't provide context. Even highly independent senators have a seemingly high score when it comes to voting with their party, in large part because most votes are routine in nature. A more useful measure might be comparing the relative position of one senator to another, or comparing the position of all senators en masse. That comparison shows that Nelson is much more of a moderate than Hannity's figure suggests.   Nelson is the 42nd most liberal senator out of 100, according to the National Journal , while OpenCongress says there are 38 more reliable Democratic votes. That's why we rate this  .
Statement: Says Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said, "We'll never have to worry about China attacking us! They are 12 hours ahead, so we'll have plenty of time to shoot down their missiles!
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 7, 2019
Topics: china;military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In September, a spokesman for her congressional campaign told FactCheck.org that "the entire quote was fabricated." "She’s never even discussed Chinese missiles. Period," spokesman Corbin Trent said. "Her foreign policy topics have been about peace not war." We rate this post as !
Statement: Say Texas U.S. Reps. Eddie Bernice Johnson and Sheila Jackson Lee are among open Socialists in Congress.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 12, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography
Context: on web pages
Fact-check justification: Llewellyn said similar accusations of Socialism (with a capital S) have surfaced every election year since the caucus was created. "There’s nothing we can do to stop it," Llewellyn said. "I can’t tell you the number of times we’ve tried to stop it." The repeated  about Lee, Johnson and other House members being Socialists shakes out as flagrantly . !
Statement: Says that while Foster was mayor, Rick Kriseman was "ineffective" in the Florida House of Representatives because "there was no legislation that passed the House that had (Kriseman's) name on it.
Speaker: bill foster
About the speaker: Bill Foster was elected mayor of St. Petersburg in 2009. He is a former St. Petersburg City Council member.
Date: August 6, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: states
Context: a mayoral forum
Fact-check justification: Foster claimed that Kriseman failed to get legislation passed in the House from 2010-2012 and that Kriseman was ineffective as a result. We’re not passing judgment on whether Kriseman was good or bad at his job. But we were unable to find a direct correlation between Kriseman’s inability to get a bill passed during Foster’s timeframe and his effectiveness as a lawmaker. We rate this  .
Statement: President Joe Biden gave Congress an exemption from vaccine mandate
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 22, 2022
Topics: congress;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says that Biden gave an exemption to his COVID-19 vaccine mandate to members of Congress. That is not . Congress belongs to the legislative branch of government, and therefore was never subject to the president’s executive order, which applies only to the executive branch. Biden did not have the authority to mandate vaccines for members of Congress. We rate this  .
Statement: Even the CBO numbers show now that the entire $1.5 trillion tax cut is virtually paid for by higher revenues and better nominal GDP.
Speaker: larry kudlow
About the speaker: Larry Kudlow is a longtime economic commentator who was named director of the National Economic Council by President Donald Trump in 2018.
Date: July 29, 2018
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview on CBS's Face the Nation
Fact-check justification: Kudlow said the CBO agreed that "the entire $1.5 trillion tax cut is virtually paid for by higher revenues and better nominal GDP." The CBO reports do not reach that conclusion. The CBO pointed to its analysis showing the growth impact of the tax cuts reducing deficits by a bit less than a third of the cost of the tax cuts themselves. Economists who know the CBO’s work told us the congressional budget forecasters did not say what Kudlow asserted. We rate this  .
Statement: Governor's proposed budget raids K-12 school funds to grow DHS again.
Speaker: dan lucas
About the speaker: Dan Lucas is an information technology manager who lives in Beaverton.  In 2010, he ran unsuccessfully to represent Oregon House District 27.
Date: February 2, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a website
Fact-check justification: He has a problem with the amount of money going to schools, as do House Democrats. We give him credit for getting his numbers correct. But the direct line cause and effect just isn’t there. To say that the governor is "raiding" schools to fund human services contains just an element of  -- K-12 going down, DHS going up -- and ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate the  .
Statement: Road construction bids "are coming in at the lowest in the modern era.
Speaker: bob mcdonnell
About the speaker: Bob McDonnell is the Republican governor of Virginia until January 2014. McDonnell was elected over Democratic state Sen. Creigh Deeds.
McDonnell previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1992 to 2006 and as state Attorney General from 2006 to 2009.
McDonnell graduated from the University of Nortre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind., with a bachelor's degree in 1976. He then served in the U.S. Army on active duty from 1976 to 1981 and in the reserves until 1997, retiring as a lieutenant colenel. He received a master's degree in business adminsitration from Boston University in 1980 and a master's and law degree from Regent University, Virginia Beach, in 1989.
Date: January 12, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: infrastructure;transportation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: A Bureau of Labor Statistics index shows the price of highway construction materials went up 98 percent over the last 20 years. A Federal Highway Administration index shows road construction prices are the lowest in six years. The Western state index shows highway prices have increased by 115 percent since 1990. While circumstantial  certainly suggests the governor statement is , we can not establish that beyond all reasonable doubt. We rate McDonnell’s  .
Statement: During the recession, "the consumer in his native perversity has begun to save. The savings rate is now 6.2 percent.
Speaker: george will
About the speaker: George Will is a conservative columnist syndicated by the Washington Post.
Date: August 1, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;this week - abc news
Context: a roundtable discussion on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: On the surface, then, the facts tend to support the broad version of the paradox of thrift. The jump in the household saving rate has thus been harmful to economic growth, at least in the short run." We'll acknowledge that there's a difference of opinion in how economists view the impact of the saving rate's growth during the recession. But on Will's core factual assertion -- that the savings rate has climbed during the recession -- he's correct. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Says "Gov. Parson's administration purged 100,000 kids from Medicaid rolls.
Speaker: nicole galloway
About the speaker: Nicole Galloway, a Democrat, is state auditor of Missouri and a candidate for governor in 2020.
Date: October 4, 2020
Location: missouri
Topics: children;health care;medicaid
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: On Facebook and in campaign ads, Galloway said that "Governor Parson’s administration purged 100,000 kids from Medicaid rolls." The Missouri Department of Social Services’s data shows that 96,989 children were dropped from Medicaid under Parson’s administration from June 2018 to December 2019. A letter from Parsons’ campaign attorney states that "the governor has, at no time, taken any policy decision to change eligibility for children on Medicaid or any other health coverage in Missouri." This does not refute Galloway’s  though. While Parson's administration may not have taken a formal step to change policy regarding Medicaid eligibility, we found that, under his leadership, the Department of Social Services changed the process for which eligibility is reviewed. That change resulted in 96,989 children being cut from Medicaid when they were still eligible. That’s still about 3,000 children short of Galloway’s , but her argument that Parson’s administration removed a huge number of children from Medicaid is still accurate. We rate this  .
Statement: More cops are killed responding to domestic violence calls than anything else.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: March 9, 2023
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;crime
Context: a speech about his budget proposal
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "More cops are killed responding to domestic violence calls than anything else." FBI data for 2022 showed that 60 officers were killed feloniously;  20% of the officers killed were ambushed when they arrived on scene, 10% encountered a disorder or disturbance, including domestic violence. Other FBI data shows that 504 officers were feloniously killed from 2012 to 2021. In that period, 45 officers were killed during traffic violation stops, 32 after responding to calls for wanted people and 32 responding to suspicious people/circumstances calls. Domestic violence calls led to 19 officers’ deaths. Domestic violence calls can be deadly for police, but we found no  that more officers die responding to those calls than any other type of call. The White House did not provide information supporting Biden’s . We rate his statement . RELATED : Fact-checking 6 claims in Joe Biden’s budget speech on the economy, taxes and Medicare RELATED : Tracking all of Biden’s campaign promises  RELATED : All of our fact-checks of Biden on the -O-Meter
Statement: Not a single person in the crowd on January 6 was found to be carrying a firearm. Not one.
Speaker: tucker carlson
About the speaker: Tucker Carlson was a Fox News pundit until his departure in April 2023.
Date: June 10, 2022
Topics: criminal justice;pundits;guns;jan. 6
Context: a TV segment
Fact-check justification: Carlson claimed that no one in the crowd on Jan. 6 was found with a firearm. That’s . Many of those involved in the attack were armed, and several had guns that police later seized. We rate his  . PolitiFact reporter Bill McCarthy contributed to this report.
Statement: Some 500 detainees were released from Guantanamo during the Bush administration.
Speaker: steny hoyer
About the speaker: Steny Hoyer is the current House minority whip, having served in the position once before from 2003 to 2007. He was majority leader of the House from 2007 to 2011, and is the dean of the Maryland congressional delegation, having served the 5th district since 1981.
Date: June 16, 2009
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: a press availability
Fact-check justification: That could be interpreted to mean that under Bush, 500-plus detainees left the center and were immediately freed. But the Pentagon says there is a difference between a release and a transfer to another country. The vast majority of detainees leave Gitmo under a transfer, which means they are transported to another country that places them under some type of restrictions. Some are incarcerated in those countries because of criminal charges, while others face monitoring or travel limitations. But Hoyer only said "released," so we'll take him down a notch to .
Statement: We are investing more money into education than ever before in the history of Wisconsin.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: February 8, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget
Context: his budget speech
Fact-check justification: "Essentially, school costs were reset at a lower level in that year, and they have generally been rising since." Our rating Walker said in his budget address -- and in the weeks and months since -- that Wisconsin is investing more in education than ever in the history of the state. This is  in raw dollars but the statement doesn’t account for inflation-adjusted numbers, which is the best way to look at figures over time. When adjusted for inflation, fiscal year 2003 would be the highest ever. We rate Walker’s  .
Statement: Twenty-seven out-of-state pharmaceutical companies have raised more campaign dollars (against a drug price control measure) than all other state ballot measures have raised to date, combined.
Speaker: californians for lower drug prices
About the speaker: Californians for Lower Drug Prices, a campaign supporting a measure to control prescription drug prices
Date: March 21, 2016
Location: california
Topics: campaign finance;drugs;elections
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Californians for Lower Drug Prices is backing a drug price control measure on the November ballot. In late March, it claimed: "Twenty-seven out-of-state pharmaceutical companies have raised more campaign dollars (against the drug measure) than all other state ballot measures have raised to date, combined." From our research, it’s clear that 27 of the 30 companies backing Californians Against The  Rx Measure are, indeed, from outside California. Together they’ve amassed nearly $53 million, which dwarfs the $33 million spent on all other initiative campaigns during the 2015-2016 election cycle. But what’s also clear is that Californians for Lower Drug Prices did not count a large pot of money, nearly $59 million, collected by a hospital association for a separate ballot measure. It says it simply "missed" these funds because it was focused on the current election cycle. Much of the $59 million was contributed outside the timeframe used to make the , but it is money that was gathered to be spent on a November ballot measure. This doesn’t take away from the fact that pharma firms have aggressively spent funds, so much that their totals already are in the top 20 for cash contributed for any California ballot measure. But the omission of the hospital association money leaves out important details that would give a different impression. We rate the  . CORRECTION: An earlier version of this article incorrectly stated that the pharmaceutical and health products industry spent more than $3.2 billion on lobbying efforts in 2015. The industry spent that total from 1998 through 2015. It spent $240 million in 2015 , according to the Center for Responsive Politics.   Source: California Secretary of State
Statement: My office sends federal "money back every year.
Speaker: john cornyn
About the speaker: John Cornyn is a U.S. senator from Texas, former Texas attorney general and former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He earlier served as a Bexar County state district judge.
Date: September 7, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: congress;federal budget
Context: Dallas
Fact-check justification: Cornyn said his office sends budgeted money back every year. We rate this   based on figures provided by Cornyn’s office that also appeared in public office expenditure reports, albeit connected to hard-to-decipher labels.