chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The National Institutes of Health "adds ivermectin to list of COVID approved treatments.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 1, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "Importantly, the COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines panel recommends against the use of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19." This recommendation largely hinges on the results of recently published randomized controlled trials. "The primary outcomes of these trials showed that the use of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 had no clinical benefit," NIH wrote.    These guidelines are updated regularly as new data becomes available, the institute said, but this is not such a case.   We rate this post .
Statement: Hispanic students in Florida perform "the best" of any Hispanic population in the United States.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: February 4, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: education;race and ethnicity
Context: Detroit
Fact-check justification: Bush said, "Florida’s Hispanic kids are the best of any Hispanic group of Hispanics students in the United States." Bush’s statement was too broad and he didn’t explain what measurement he used to reach that conclusion -- which was fourth grade reading scores. On NAEP, a respected source of testing data, Florida’s Hispanic fourth graders ranked statistically tied for first among states in 2013. But that's not the case for fourth grade math. Nor does the trend continue when looking at eighth grade test scores.  Bush's  is partially accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Oprah reveals her fully-natural solution that allowed her to drop 62 (pounds) in six weeks.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 7, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: In January, Winfrey highlighted her relationship with WW in an Instagram post . The  Facebook post includes a photo of Winfrey, Dr. Mehmet Oz and acupuncturist Daniel Hsu, who appeared on Winfrey’s TV show in 2014. The image is a screenshot from that episode , which featured Winfrey’s first acupuncture session and was not about weight loss. Fact checkers recently have debunked identical claims that contain the same wording but different images and links. We rate the  that Winfrey has revealed a pill that allowed her to lose 62 pounds in six weeks !
Statement: Al-Qaida has grown fourfold in five years.
Speaker: jack keane
About the speaker:  Jack Keane is a retired four-star Army general and Fox News contributor.
Date: February 1, 2015
Topics: foreign policy;terrorism;punditfact
Context: comments on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Keane said, "al-Qaida has grown fourfold in five years." There’s two tricky parts to Keane’s particular . The first is defining al-Qaida. While the group that previously followed Osama bin Laden has remained at about the same size, there is no doubt among experts that we’ve seen a rise in the number of jihadist fighters overall. Many of those fighters were inspired by al-Qaida. The second is pinning a specific number on the growth. RAND said the number of terrorists has doubled between 2010 and 2013. Keane basically estimates that the number of jihadist fighters has doubled again. Is that right? Maybe. Maybe not. The  is thin, but the experts say his  is a reasonable estimate. Weighing everything, we rate this  .
Statement: Bull sharks were released in an Arkansas river.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 25, 2021
Topics: animals;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It’s labeled " News" and details the hunt for the largest shark —  "Jaws" — who was supposedly captured attacking a small boat.   Bull sharks are no strangers to rivers. They prefer low-salinity waters and can thrive in freshwater, according to Louisiana Fisheries , which noted that they’ve been found as far up the Mississippi River as St. Louis, Mo.   But this story isn’t . We rate claims that it is .
Statement: Insulin prices rose "with the swipe of (Joe Biden's) pen.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 12, 2021
Topics: health care;medicaid;medicare;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed insulin prices rose "with the swipe of (Joe Biden’s) pen." Individuals who take insulin could have seen prices fluctuate for several reasons related to their insurance coverage and the specific medication they use. But those changes can’t be pinned on the Biden administration’s actions, experts said.  The Biden administration did temporarily freeze a directive related to one federal program, but that would not have affected current insulin prices, because the policy had not yet taken effect. We rate these Facebook posts .
Statement: Says George Floyd died "because he had a system full of fentanyl and meth," and "beat women and held guns to their pregnant bellies.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 2, 2021
Location: national
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The post  details surrounding Floyd’s criminal activity. In 2007, Floyd was involved with a group of other men in an aggravated robbery, in which he was identified as a suspect that held a gun to a woman’s abdomen. However, court records do not show that she was pregnant at the time, and that another suspect injured the woman, not Floyd. Floyd pleaded guilty to the case and served five years in prison. We rate this  .
Statement: Photo shows massive wall in front of White House on Election Day.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 3, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The National Park Service announced that temporary, anti-scale fencing was set up around the White House complex, but it does not resemble the wall in the post’s photo.   This image is outdated and altered. ! This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Says only 25 percent of Texas high school students graduate prepared for college or careers.
Speaker: bill hammond
About the speaker: Bill Hammond, a former Texas House member, also previously served as chairman of the Texas Workforce Commission.
Date: May 6, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: an Austin American-Statesman news story
Fact-check justification: Hammond said only 25 percent of Texas high school graduates are college- or career-ready. While there is a method behind his conclusion, even the purveyor of that figure, ACT, says it prefers a lower threshold for gauging whether students are college- or career-ready. Besides, there are at least two other indicators, one from the company that runs the SAT and the other from the state of Texas, suggesting that up to half of the state’s high-school graduates are ready for college. Hammond’s  fails to reflect the variety of college-readiness indicators. We rate it .
Statement: We have killed lots of innocent people in the state of Texas.
Speaker: farouk shami
About the speaker: Farouk Shami is a Palestinian-born businessman from Houston. He is the founder and chairman of Farouk Systems, Inc., a $1 billion corporation known for it's BioSilk and CHI hair care product lines.
Date: February 8, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: legal issues;crime
Context: a Democratic debate
Fact-check justification: Defense attorneys move on to other cases where clients' lives can still be saved." But without a state-approved review, perhaps, it’s a reach to say such executions have happened for a certainty. Shami could have said it’s possible that innocent convicts have been executed or that the topic bears careful study. He asserted much more than that. We rate his statement as .
Statement: Dominion and Smartmatic "have closed up shop" and executives are "on the run.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 21, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: "We continue to operate in our offices around the world, although we already have many employees working from home (since March) as a result of the pandemic." There are no reports or  that the companies’ executives are suspected of any crime or are "on the run." We rate this  . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Says cutting out sugar and drinking hot lemon water will cure cancer.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 3, 2019
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post going around the internet is offering  cancer remedies. Its citations come up short and experts say that the dubious medical advice is inconsistent with scientific . We rate it .
Statement: I did not support the sequester.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: November 20, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget;voting record
Context: a speech at the American Enterprise Institute
Fact-check justification: Rubio said "I did not support the sequester." Rubio voted "no" on the Budget Control Act in 2011 that paved the path toward the sequester in March 2013. He said at the time that he voted "no" because the law "fails to actually solve our debt problem, fails to diminish the risk of a credit rating downgrade and is not a long-term solution to avert a debt crisis." We rate this  .
Statement: A long list shows "new CDC guidelines for reopening schools.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 20, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The image being shared on Facebook roughly summarizes some of the CDC’s suggestions for reopening schools amid the new coronavirus. But the guidelines listed are not mandated by the CDC, and they’re not comprehensive — the agency has other suggestions not mentioned in the image, such as offering options to protect staff and students who have a higher risk of severe illness.  We rate this post .
Statement: Say "this biennium, liquor sales account for nearly $1 billion in the state budget.
Speaker: chris garrett and bill kennemer
About the speaker: Bill Kennemer is a Republican representing House District 39 and Chris Garrett is a Democrat representing House District 38.
Date: June 13, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: state budget
Context: a commentary article
Fact-check justification: The $1 billion figure came from total revenues, "unfortunately we didn't get the rest of the verbiage corrected." Rep. Garrett offered similar reasoning. "It's a billion-dollar business." It’s  that the representatives had a basis for the $1 billion figure, but to say that liquor sales account for that much of the state budget is  -- and the representatives realized that when we checked in. We rate this  .
Statement: Our African-American communities are absolutely in the worst shape they've ever been in before. Ever. Ever. Ever.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 20, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;education;history;race and ethnicity;public health
Context: Kenansville, N.C
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Our African-American communities are absolutely in the worst shape they've ever been in before. Ever. Ever. Ever." Trump’s emphatic statement lacked any nuance. There is no comparison between the situation today and slavery, or the situation today and the Jim Crow era. Meanwhile, over the past half-century, African-Americans, despite consistently trailing whites, have made significant strides in life expectancy, educational attainment and other measures, and currently have unemployment and poverty rates that are near historical lows. We rate his statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/24e837e9-f924-4bfd-8798-7947f6dfa726
Statement: North Carolina is one of "very few states" that give the governor sole discretion to pick judges.
Speaker: tim moore
About the speaker: Tim Moore is a Republican from Cleveland County and the speaker of the N.C. House of Representatives.
Date: August 24, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: constitutional amendments;elections
Context: the legislature
Fact-check justification: Despite differences among the states in how commissions operate,   Moore’s statement is . Most states do in fact have some type of merit commission in place, and these commissions do play a role in appointing judges during vacancies. However, the proposed North Carolina merit commission would have a different role than in most other states. Its primary job would be to make sure candidates are legally qualified to serve as judges, rather than vet applicants. This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide.
Statement: California has seen a "56 percent decline in the gun murder rate" since the 1990s.
Speaker: gavin newsom
About the speaker: Gavin Newsom was elected governor of California in 2018. He is the state's former lieutenant governor and served as mayor of San Francisco. He is a Democrat.
Date: November 9, 2016
Location: california
Topics: elections;crime;the 2018 california governor's race;guns
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: California Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom said California has seen a "56 percent decline in the gun murder rate" since it enacted strong gun control laws in the 1990s. Newsom appears to have mixed up the gun murder rate with the gun death rate. California’s gun murder rate dropped 67 percent between 1993 and 2014, according to a review of fatal injury report data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A similar, though somewhat smaller, drop in the gun murder rate took place nationwide during this period. Newsom’s overall point is correct: Gun deaths, including gun homicides, have dropped significantly in California since the state imposed the new laws.   We are not fact-checking the cause of this drop. Gun rights and gun control groups have different opinions on this. What is clear is that gun homicides have declined significantly, and even faster than what Newsom stated. His  needs this key clarification. We rate it .   – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/21282e24-9e4d-4493-be54-4e319e129524
Statement: I represent more, or just as many or more, people than Joe Manchin does.
Speaker: alexandria ocasio-cortez
About the speaker: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, a Democrat, was elected to New York's 14th Congressional district seat in November 2018.
Date: December 20, 2021
Location: west virginia
Topics: population;new york
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: That means that Manchin represents roughly 2.6 times as many people as Ocasio-Cortez does. Senators run in statewide elections and count the entire state’s population as their constituency. But for those who would argue that each of a state’s two senators should count for only half the population, Ocasio-Cortez’ statement still falls short. Half of West Virginia’s population is close to 900,000, which is nearly 30% more than Ocasio-Cortez’s district has. We rate the statement .
Statement: Florida Moves For FULL RECOUNT Of State Over Massive Voter Fraud
Speaker: bipartisan report
About the speaker: A website that calls itself an "Internet Newspaper and powerful news search engine."
Date: December 6, 2016
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Bipartisan Report’s headline read, "Florida Moves For FULL RECOUNT Of State Over Massive Voter Fraud." A trio of Florida voters contested the results, not state officials. Their lawsuit cited potential problems like uncounted or improperly tallied votes and voting machines that didn’t work or were hacked. The lawsuit likely won’t bring a recount — or any action at all — before the Electoral College votes. The headline confounds readers by misrepresenting what the story actually says. We rate it .
Statement: The Georgia Lottery paid out $2.3 billion in prizes during the last fiscal year.
Speaker: georgia lottery
About the speaker: Georgia Lottery logo
Date: May 3, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: lottery
Context: television advertisement
Fact-check justification: On the income side, the Georgia Lottery recorded total ticket sales for fiscal 2012 of $3.835 billion, according to the lottery’s 2012 financial statements . So does the Georgia Lottery’s  hit the jackpot? In TV and radio ads, the Georgia Lottery Corp. claims that it paid out $2.3 billion in prizes during the last fiscal year. The figure appears to be  but is padded to include amounts paid out for Georgia winners of the multistate games, Powerball and Mega Millions. We rated the Georgia Lottery’s  .
Statement: Donald Trump is back on Twitter," thanks to Elon Musk.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 9, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: However, Musk has not taken over ownership of the social media platform yet. And as of Oct. 10, Trump’s Twitter account @realDonaldTrump was still suspended. No record of the tweet used to  Trump is back on Twitter could be found on the platform. The account that apparently sent the tweet is @realDonJTru , which is not an official account for the former president. We rate this  .
Statement: ICE has been illegally releasing immigrants "in Huntersville #NC13 at big box retail locations. Feds aren't notifying anyone, just making secret drops at 3am.
Speaker: tyler lee
About the speaker: Tyler Lee is a Republican who filed to run for Congress in North Carolina's 13th District.
Date: January 27, 2022
Location: north carolina
Topics: immigration
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Lee said ICE has been releasing immigrants "in Huntersville #NC13 at big box retail locations" and suggested the actions are "illegal." In PolitiFact’s fact-checking process, the burden of proof is on the person who makes a . And we rate statements based on the information available at the time the statement is made.  In this case, Lee provided no  for his . And federal, state and local authorities say they’re not aware of any effort to transport migrants to Huntersville. If migrants were being transported there, it’s unlikely that the drop-off would be illegal. Migrants who are seeking asylum are allowed to stay in the U.S. until their case is heard, and federal agencies often help them find housing throughout the country.  This  is .
Statement: Since we passed tax cuts, over 3 million workers have gotten tax cut bonuses — many of them thousands and thousands of dollars.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 30, 2018
Location: national
Topics: workers;taxes
Context: the State of the Union speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Since we passed tax cuts, over 3 million workers have gotten tax cut bonuses — many of them thousands and thousands of dollars." Americans for Tax Reform, a group that supported the tax reform bill, found that at least 3 million Americans are receiving bonuses that the companies said were related to passage of the tax bill, based on company press releases and news reports. However, economists and labor experts say it will take years to fully assess the economic impact of the tax bill. In this tight labor market, it’s possible that some businesses were already planning to give out bonuses or other financial incentives to retain workers. We rate this  .
Statement: Says a video of Joe Biden and Beto O'Rourke at a Texas Whataburger shows Biden "looking directly into the camera and promising to take away Americans' guns if elected.
Speaker: conservative-daily
About the speaker: A "fiscally responsible, constitutionally centered" organization that publishes articles about political news.
Date: March 4, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: guns
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Plus the larger point here, that Biden now supports O’Rourke’s proposal for mandatory buybacks, is not accurate. Biden’s platform on gun violence calls for a voluntary buyback program for assault weapons and high-capacity magazines. We rate this  .  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  .