chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Private insurance gives … better coverage" than people would get under a Medicaid expansion.
Speaker: mark born
About the speaker: Mark Born is an American law enforcement officer and politician. Born in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, Born graduated from Gustavus Adolphus College. He then worked in the Dodge County, Wisconsin sheriff department. Born also served on the Beaver Dam Common Council.
Date: March 21, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;medicaid;public health
Context: a TV appearance
Fact-check justification: Born said in an interview that "private insurance gives … better coverage" than people would get under a Medicaid expansion. This is  on multiple levels. Expanding Medicaid to people making 138% of the federal poverty level gives insurance coverage to tens of thousands of people that are currently uninsured — clearly "better coverage." Born also asserts cost is not part of which coverage is "better," but that is not how things work. The cost of premiums, deductibles and copays are a fundamental part of everyone’s health insurance and health care decision-making, and studies show a clear connection between cost and an ability to access care. Some specialties do have fewer options under Medicaid than private insurance, but generally speaking studies and experts say the care access is comparable between the two. And Born didn’t make a  specific to health care access, he claimed overall coverage was better on private insurance. We rate that  .
Statement: Says "on the state level, we spend less today than Jon Corzine spent in fiscal year 2008, five years later.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: January 22, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: state budget
Context: a radio interview on New Jersey 101.5’s “Ask the Governor”
Fact-check justification: In response to a caller during New Jersey 101.5’s "Ask the Governor" program, Christie claimed that "on the state level, we spend less today than Jon Corzine spent in fiscal year 2008, five years later." The governor is correct in that the fiscal year 2013 budget is nearly $2 billion less than the level of state spending under Corzine in fiscal year 2008. But Christie’s  ignores the fact that state spending has still increased during his tenure. That means the governor’s statement "is accurate but needs clarification or additional information." That meets our definition of . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: In Georgia, Perdue's company closed plants and moved jobs to China.
Speaker: michelle nunn
About the speaker: Michelle Nunn was the chief executive officer of the Points of Light Foundation, a charitable organization. She is the daughter of former U.S. Sen. Sam Nunn, a Democrat from Georgia. Michelle Nunn is running for the U.S. Senate as a Democrat.
Date: August 12, 2014
Location: georgia
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: As a senior vice president, Perdue had limited input on that direction. But he did execute Sara Lee’s effort, which the company lauded in its own annual report to federal regulators. Nunn’s  is carefully worded to say Perdue’s company, not the candidate himself, was shutting Georgia plants at a time it was adding jobs in Asia. News reports and company filings back up the . We rate Nunn’s  .
Statement: Any child born prematurely, according to the president, in his own words, can be killed.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: March 7, 2011
Location: national
Topics: abortion
Context: a speech to the Iowa Faith and Freedom Coalition
Fact-check justification: To reiterate what’s not in dispute: Obama opposed "born alive" legislation in Illinois and gave several reasons for opposing the proposals. But at no time did he make the argument that infants who survived botched abortions should be killed. Santorum may feel that abortion is tantamount to infanticide, but that does not give him the license to put words in Obama's mouth that he never uttered. Santorum said, "Any child born prematurely, according to the president, in his own words, can be killed." Obama didn’t say that. In fact, he said that abortion should be legal, but that children that are born should receive medical care. Obama never said that any child born prematurely can be killed or anything like that. Santorum crosses a line with his rhetoric in distinguishing the difference between his position and Obama’s. We rate Santorum’s statement .
Statement: While Hillary Clinton plans a massive, and I mean massive, tax increase, I have proposed the largest tax reduction of any candidate who has run for president this year, Democrat or Republican.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 21, 2016
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Cleveland
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "While Hillary Clinton plans a massive, and I mean massive, tax increase, I have proposed the largest tax reduction of any candidate who has run for president this year, Democrat or Republican." Clinton is indeed proposing a tax increase, though it can be described as "massive" for only the richest Americans. Meanwhile, Trump is correct that his tax cuts were the biggest of any 2016 candidate. We rate the  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/e989d6ea-bfb6-48c0-9aa9-609b8cfac99d
Statement: In one day of fundraising I received more small donor (contributions) than Andrew Cuomo received in seven years.
Speaker: cynthia nixon
About the speaker: Cynthia Nixon is a Democrat running for governor of New York in 2018. She is an actress and education advocate.
Date: March 22, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a Buffalo News article
Fact-check justification: "In one day of fundraising I received more small-donor (contributions) than Andrew Cuomo received in seven years," Nixon said. She’s right. If you include the small-donor contributions he took during his first run for governor, Cuomo’s small-donor contributions have (so far) outpaced Nixon’s. But that's not what she said. So we rate her  .
Statement: In America, radical speech is not a crime.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: June 13, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: legal issues;terrorism
Context: an interview with Hugh Hewitt
Fact-check justification: Rubio said, "In America, radical speech is not a crime." Radical speech is protected by the First Amendment and is not a crime. However, there are limited exceptions for when speech incites imminent crime or when communications specifically aid acts of terror. We rate this  .
Statement: Laura Ingraham just fired!!!
Speaker: red state wave
About the speaker: Red State Wave is a conservative website.
Date: April 22, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: headline
Fact-check justification: Fox News co-president Jack Abernethy issued a statement of support for Ingraham to the Los Angeles Times on April 2: "We cannot and will not allow voices to be censored by agenda-driven intimidation efforts. We look forward to having Laura Ingraham back hosting her program next Monday when she returns from spring vacation with her children." A headline said that Ingraham was "just fired," but the story refers to her firing off at Democrats. The headline is designed as a trick to draw in readers. We rate this statement .
Statement: Every dollar of foreign aid for agricultural research "will bring $4 in trade with the countries and the United States ... generating employment back in the U.S.
Speaker: shenggen fan
About the speaker: Dr. Shenggen Fan is the director general of the International Food Policy Research Institute 
Date: March 2, 2017
Topics: global news service;food;foreign policy
Context: Washington, D.C
Fact-check justification: Fan said every dollar of foreign aid for agricultural research "will bring $4 in trade with the countries and the United States ... generating employment back in the U.S." A 1996 article supports most of that assertion except for the part about all the trade being with the United States. However, that article is 20 years old and we could find no other study that mirrored its findings. The leading agricultural researchers we reached told us that in some countries, that general result might come about, but it varies from place to place and it is difficult to show the connection to foreign aid in the agricultural research sector. So Fan went too far on three points: the 4-to-1 payback, the amount of trade with the United States and the idea that this general rule applies to most countries when it is actually less predictable. We rate this  .
Statement: Oil companies can obtain an acre of public land for less than the price of a Big Mac.
Speaker: center for western priorities
About the speaker: The Center for Western Priorities is a conservation group based in Colorado.
Date: February 5, 2015
Topics: environment;energy;punditfact
Context: a post on the organization's website
Fact-check justification: The Center for Western Priorities said that oil companies can obtain an acre of public land for less than the price of a Big Mac. A Big Mac goes for $3.99. Thousands of acres of land in Nevada were leased for $2 per acre in 2014. We found one case where federal land went for about $1.50 an acre. The track record on land leased at those low rates ever producing oil or gas is quite poor and the average leasing price nationwide is $220 per acre. The  is accurate but it downplays that companies pay a hundred times as much for land that is more likely to be productive. We rate the  .
Statement: Barack Obama has "never even worked in business.
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: August 29, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Tampa
Fact-check justification: (The job also overlapped with his time in the Illinois Legislature.) If you count the best-selling books that have brought Obama millions of dollars in royalties, he also knows something about entrepreneurship. Our rating Clearly, Obama has had less experience in the private sector than Romney; before he became president, he spent most of his working life either in the non-profit sector or in politics. However, Portman went too far when he said that Obama has "never even worked in business." We rate the statement .
Statement: Nearly half of pregnant women in Pfizer trial miscarried.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 17, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: For the vaccine group, the rate was 7%. For the control group that didn’t take the vaccine, it was 15%.   "These rates are not significantly different from each other, or from normal," Male said.   The  in the Instagram post is  on the math, and it is not proved that the smaller number of miscarriages happened because of a vaccine. We rate this post .
Statement: The federal government is prohibited "from negotiating lower prescription drug prices for our senior citizens.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: January 5, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: drugs;health care;government regulation;medicare
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Opponents believe the secretary would not be able to get a better deal than private plans already do and that plans have greater leverage with drug companies because of their whole line of business, but, if the secretary were able to negotiate lower prices, pharmaceutical companies would reduce their investment in pharmaceutical research and development. Our rating Baldwin says the federal government is prohibited "from negotiating lower prescription drug prices for our senior citizens." Her reference is to Medicare Part D, a voluntary insurance program for prescription drugs for people on Medicare. Views differ on whether seniors ultimately would benefit if the federal government could negotiate directly with pharmaceutical companies on prescription drug prices for Part D. But current federal law does prohibit that. We rate Baldwin’s statement .
Statement: Congresswoman Kathy Castor voted to spend $2.6 million to teach prostitutes in China to drink responsibly.
Speaker: mike prendergast
About the speaker: Mike Prendergast is a Republican candidate in Florida's 11th Congressional District. 
Date: October 29, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;health care;stimulus
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: More importantly, though, it was a grant awarded by the National Institutes for Health based on its own internal review process and was determined to be within the institute's mission and priorities. Castor voted to allocate money to the National Institutes for Health, but she had nothing to do with selecting the grant, and there was no mention of the grant in the bill she voted on. And it wasn't -- as the fine print of the mailer suggests -- even part of the economic stimulus. In fact, it was a grant awarded by a department of a Republican administration. We rate the ad's  .
Statement: Says Elissa Slotkin's plan is to take Medicare away from current senior recipients.
Speaker: mike bishop
About the speaker: Mike Bishop is a Republican who represents the 8th Congressional District of Michigan.
Date: September 21, 2018
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Bishop's ad says that Slotkin’s plan is to take Medicare away from current senior recipients. But the campaign’s argument relies on suggesting Slotkin supports Medicare for All, a single-payer program, that would get rid of private insurance and provide health care to all Americans. Slotkin does not support such a program, but has suggested allowing Americans a buy-in option to Medicare, alongside private insurance. And while some studies have suggested a Medicare buy-in may help ease the transition to a single-payer system, they are still two separate ideas. The ad lacks context and ignores that Slotkin has repeatedly said she does not approve of such a program. We rate it .
Statement: Columbia, Mo., is "one of the fastest growing cities in the region, the only city in the state to grow jobs faster than the nation as a whole.
Speaker: brian treece
About the speaker: Brian Treece won his second term as mayor of Columbia, Mo., in April 2019.
Date: October 17, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: economy
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Treece said that Columbia is "one of the fastest growing cities in the region, the only city in the state to grow jobs faster than the nation as a whole." Treece was correct in asserting that Columbia is one of the fastest growing cities in the region from an economic standpoint. Haslag and Holtmann’s report shows that Columbia has the highest GDP growth out of the four major metropolitan cities in Missouri. However, Treece also said that Columbia is the only city in the state to have jobs grow faster than the nation. Data from the BLS indicates this isn't , as the U.S. saw a greater average annual payroll employment growth rate than Columbia. Treece was correct in asserting that Columbia is booming compared to other Missouri cities, but BLS data shows the city is not outperforming the state in terms of job growth. For these reasons, we rate the  .
Statement: Janice Hahn hired hard-core gang members with taxpayer money to be 'gang-intervention specialists.' She even helped them get out of jail, so they could rape and kill again.
Speaker: turn right usa
About the speaker: According to its website, "Turn Right USA is a federal Political Action Committee (PAC). The Committee is organized to execute Independent Expenditure campaigns and will not make individual campaign contributions. As a SuperPAC, we are permitted to directly advocate for candidates we support."
Date: June 13, 2011
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: Hahn acknowledges she made a call to to find out the basis for Myrick's arrest. Perhaps that was interpreted by Myrick or police as Hahn intervening on his behalf. Other than Myrick's hearsay declaration, however, the video and its producer present no proof that she did. That's not good enough to give it credibility. We rate the  .
Statement: We adopted the modern Social Security system at a time when the average person died before they were old enough to get Social Security.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: December 2, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: history;retirement;social security;workers
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Gingrich said, "We adopted the modern Social Security system at a time when the average person died before they were old enough to get Social Security." We rate his statement .
Statement: Rhode Island is the only state where officers at state-supported [colleges] carry out their duties unarmed.
Speaker: glenford shibley
About the speaker: Glenford J. Shibley is a Republican Rhode Island state senator who represents District 33 -- Coventry, Warwick, West Warwick and East Greenwich. He is a retired police officer and former assistant director of Rhode Island's Municipal Police Academy.
 
Date: December 9, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: education;public safety;states;guns
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Shibley said that Rhode Island is the only state that doesn’t arm the police officers at its public educational institutions. While Brown armed its officers six years ago, URI, CCRI and RIC haven’t followed suit. The vast majority of U.S. schools that have police officers let them carry guns. That’s a fact confirmed by the U.S. Department of Justice and by Wilson, the RIC police supervisor. Wilson is the only researcher we could locate who has broken down the issue by state, and according to his findings, Rhode Island is the lone hold out when it comes to allowing police at public schools to carry arms. But even though campus police in Oregon are allowed by law to carry guns, they are not carrying guns yet. That’s an important detail that Wilson accounted for in the fact sheet he gave Shibley. By glossing over this point, Shibley’s aim was slightly off the bull’s-eye, but he didn’t miss the target altogether. We rate the statement . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Says the giant African land snail "carries human meningitis.
Speaker: adam putnam
About the speaker: Adam Putnam lost the Republican primary for Florida governor to U.S. Rep. Ron DeSantis in 2018. A former Republican Congressman from Congressional District 12 in Central Florida, was elected Florida Commissioner of Agriculture on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014.
Date: October 30, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: agriculture;animals;public health
Context: an interview on the CBS News show "Sunday Morning"
Fact-check justification: Or that to get it, you've got to eat a raw snail or get its mucus in your eyes or nose or eat unwashed snail-slimed produce. Frequently, information sources point out that the giant African land snail can carry a meningitis-causing parasite. Putnam said, "We've got the trifecta," and said the snail "carries human meningitis." He leaves out some crucial details — most importantly, that the parasite that causes the disease hasn't yet been found in the state. And for that, we rate his statement .
Statement: Says Jon Ossoff wants to "allow illegal immigration.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 17, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In a tweet alluding to Ossoff, Trump tweeted that Ossoff wants to "allow illegal immigration." Trump’s vague attack mischaracterizes Ossoff’s stance. Unlike Trump’s plan, Ossoff’s approach to immigration includes a path to citizenship or legal status for immigrants here without permission. Ossoff has also criticized Trump’s one-time promise to deport all immigrants in the country illegally as not feasible. Trump neglects that Ossoff supports strong border security — to prevent illegal immigration. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: We invite SNL viewers to Vermont to see all that we have to offer, including our increasingly diverse communities... The leaves are changing and so is Vermont.
Speaker: michael schirling
About the speaker: Michael Schirling is secretary of Vermont's Agency of Commerce and Community Development. 
Date: October 2, 2018
Location: vermont
Topics: race and ethnicity
Context: Schirling to Boston.com Oct. 2, responding to an SNL skit
Fact-check justification: The statement that Vermont is becoming increasingly diverse needs further clarification. Schirling does not explain that the increase in Vermont's racially diverse populations is slight.   We rate the statement .