chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Over the past decade, drug prices have risen at three times the rate of inflation.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: March 23, 2021
Location: national
Topics: corporations;drugs;health care;wisconsin
Context: News release
Fact-check justification: In a news release, Baldwin and her Senate colleagues claimed "over the past decade, drug prices have risen at three times the rate of inflation." One study that lines up with Baldwin’s  doesn’t account for generic drugs, and the other only looks at one year of cost increases. But experts say brand-name drug prices in particular have outpaced inflation for years — some at the rate Baldwin referenced — and account for most of the spending on prescriptions. That leaves us with a statement that’s partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. That’s our definition for .
Statement: A Texas farmer was "arrested for using illegal immigrants for free labor by pretending to be Joe Biden.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 20, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Looking more broadly online, we didn’t find the story on any credible sites. The headline does appear on sites that look like — but are not — news websites, as well as on meme pages .   We did a reverse image search for the supposed farmer in the post and found that he’s no farmer at all but a Brooklyn-born impersonator of President Joe Biden. He lives in London.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says, "Statistics indicate that one in eight children, and one in 18 adults in Oregon suffers from mental illness.
Speaker: peter courtney
About the speaker: Peter Courtney, D-Salem, is Senate President of Oregon.
Date: February 6, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: health care;public health;state budget
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: With children, we find that the one-in-eight statement is slightly more alarming than the average would indicate. The average in Oregon is one in 9.1 with a high of one in 8.3. It’s also important to understand that the statistic applies to a narrower subset of children, and that the statistic covers children who show sporadic difficulties in several but not all social areas.. Still, all in all, it’s hard to argue with a nationally accepted standard, so we find these details to be additional information missing from an otherwise accurate statement.   We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Rick Scott "oversaw the largest Medicare fraud in the nation's history.
Speaker: florida democratic party
About the speaker: the Florida affiliate of the Democratic Party.
Date: February 25, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;medicaid;medicare
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The Florida Democratic Party said Scott "oversaw the largest Medicare fraud in the nation’s history." The Columbia/HCA settlement has since been surpassed in dollar value, though the bigger cases involved Medicare somewhat less directly. Because the Democratic Party could have been a bit more specific in its wording -- by saying that Scott oversaw the largest Medicare fraud at the time -- we rate the  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/fcf7f511-cd67-45a3-90da-1b8284f049c1
Statement: On the economic crisis, "the biggest problem in this whole process was the deregulation of the financial system.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 7, 2008
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Nashville, Tenn
Fact-check justification: "They could have cracked down on this in a number of ways and they chose not to." Both economists agree that regulatory failures contributed significantly to the problem, but it wasn't the only problem. Also, using the word "deregulation" to describe a broad spectrum of regulatory failures is not technically accurate. Obama is right that more rigorous regulation could have helped the situation, but he shorthands it as deregulation and he doesn't mention other contributing factors. For these reasons, we find Obama's statement .
Statement: Dr. Fauci says every American should be microchipped.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 15, 2020
Topics: public health;technology;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "It’s one of those things that we talk about when we want to make sure that we know who the vulnerable people are and not. This is something that’s being discussed. I think it might actually have some merit under certain circumstances." However, PolitiFact could find nothing to support the  that Fauci said he wants every American microchipped. We rate this  .
Statement: The Massachusetts health care plan is "wildly unpopular" among state residents.
Speaker: laura ingraham
About the speaker: Laura Ingraham is a conservative broadcaster and commentator. On April 13, 2014, she was named an ABC News contributor.
Date: May 12, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care;polls and public opinion;pundits
Context: an interview on Fox News' "O'Reilly Factor"
Fact-check justification: So where does this leave us? The Harvard data contradicts Ingraham’s argument, showing a fair amount of support for the law in general alongside feelings that it’s not doing much for them personally. The Suffolk poll is more recent, but the question asked is too broad to speak directly to Ingraham’s . And we couldn't find any other support for Ingraham's . So we rate Ingraham’s statement .
Statement: Says "the Rothschild family holds about 80 percent of the world's total wealth" and has the ability to "literally feed, clothe and settle every man, woman and child on the planet if they wanted to.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 5, 2019
Topics: wealth;facebook fact-checks
Context: a meme
Fact-check justification: A meme recirculating the internet claims the Rothschild family "holds about 80 percent of the world’s wealth," and thus has the ability to "feed, clothe and settle every man, woman and child" if they so choose. The family is certainly wealthy but claiming they control 80 percent of the world’s wealth is a tall order. There is no longer any centralized family wealth, with the closest being an investment banking firm. But the firm’s revenues are far less than what many corporations make. The rumor is a baseless exaggeration that furthers the spread of anti-Semitic theories. We rate it !
Statement: Prescription drugs "are nearly 20 percent of our health care costs now when you include hospital prescription drugs.
Speaker: amy klobuchar
About the speaker: Amy Klobuchar is a senator from Minnesota. Klobuchar was elected as senator in 2006 and re-elected in 2012 and 2018. Klobuchar received a bachelor’s degree in political science from Yale University and a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School. In 2019, she announced she was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 2, 2020.
Date: February 18, 2019
Location: national
Topics: drugs;health care
Context: a town hall
Fact-check justification: Klobuchar says prescription drugs "are nearly 20 percent of our health care costs now when you include hospital prescription drugs." The best estimates we’ve found put the figure for spending on prescription drugs between 15 percent, when considering total health care spending, and 17 percent, when considering only personal health care spending. We rate her statement .
Statement: The state [food stamp call center] program is administered from foreign shores.
Speaker: nan orrock
About the speaker: Nan Orrock, a Democrat, is a Georgia state senator from Atlanta.
Date: March 7, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: state budget
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: "Some of those call center services are delivered here, and my amendment was not aimed at those services," Orrock continued. "The sole purpose of my amendment was to address the jobs offshored with Georgia taxpayer dollars." Orrock’s amendment narrowly passed the Senate, but it was removed from the legislation when it came to the House of Representatives. As for our call on her , only a small percentage of those food stamp calls are handled outside the U.S. Her statement contains an element of , but it ignores critical factors, such as the 97 percent of calls handled here, that would give a different impression of someone unfamiliar with the program. Under our rating system, Orrock gets a .
Statement: Instagram users must post a note or "everything you've ever posted becomes public from today.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 22, 2019
Topics: privacy issues;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "We do not  ownership of your content," the terms say, "but you grant us a license to use it. Nothing is changing about your rights in your content. We do not  ownership of your content that you post on or through the service. Instead, when you share, post, or upload content that is covered by intellectual property rights (like photos or videos) on or in connection with our service, you hereby grant us a non-exclusive, royalty-free, transferable, sub-licensable, worldwide license to host, use, distribute, modify, run, copy, publicly perform or display, translate, and create derivative works of your content (consistent with your privacy and application settings). "  We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says Dontre Hamilton "was shot 14 times by police for resting on a park bench in Milwaukee.
Speaker: gwen moore
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore is a Democratic member of Congress, representing Wisconsin's 4th District, which primarily includes Milwaukee. Moore, who served in the state Legislature from 1989 to 2004, was elected to Congress in 2004.
Date: June 29, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: civil rights;criminal justice;legal issues;crime;guns
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: $2.3 million settlement: In May 2017, more than three years after Hamilton’s death, the Milwaukee Common Council approved paying $2.3 million to Hamilton’s young son to settle a federal civil rights lawsuit. Use of deadly force fact check: Flynn said in June 2016 that Milwaukee police use deadly force at a rate that is "among the lowest" in the country. Our rating was  . The best data available then showed Milwaukee police killed one person in 2015. But 2015 was the only full year for which data were available on a national level, so it wasn’t known how Milwaukee’s rate would compare in prior years.
Statement: Democrats "are trying to ban voter ID.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 7, 2022
Location: national
Topics: elections;voter id laws
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: Trump said in an email that Democrats "are trying to ban voter ID." His spokesperson cited a Democratic-backed bill in 2020 that would have eased voter ID requirements. That bill was not enacted. In recent years, Democrats have proposed multiple bills that would set a federal standard for acceptable voter ID and provide workarounds for people who didn’t have one, but wouldn’t ban ID requirements.  The Freedom to Vote Act, now under consideration, also sets expansive standards for allowable IDs and workarounds, and it bars states from requiring voters to submit an ID to obtain or cast an absentee ballot. But the bill allows states to have voter ID requirements as long as they include a lot of options for what counts as an ID. We rate this statement . RELATED : As extremes shape voter ID debate, the rules keep getting stricter RELATED : What’s in the Senate Democrats’ new voting rights bill? RELATED : What’s in the voting rights bill named for John Lewis? RELATED : The facts of a fair US election have only gotten stronger since Capitol attack
Statement: Poor people go to a "payday lender...and they pay 300, 400, 500 percent interest.
Speaker: john edwards
About the speaker: John Edwards is a former U.S. senator from North Carolina who was John Kerry's running mate in 2004. A personal injury attorney, Edwards was born in South Carolina in 1953 and now lives in Chapel Hill, N.C. He graduated from North Carolina State University and earned a law degree from the University of North Carolina Law School. He is married to Elizabeth Edwards, who has been diagnosed with cancer. They have three children; a fourth was killed in an auto accident. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: August 29, 2007
Location: national
Topics: poverty
Context: Americus, Ga
Fact-check justification: The report found that nationwide "borrowers were paying more in interest, at annual rates of 400 percent, than the amount of the loan they originally borrowed." A 2004 report from the Consumer Federation of America, "Unsafe and Unsound: Payday Lenders Hide Behind FDIC Bank Charters to Peddle Usury," put the average loan rates close to 500 percent. "Edwards is right on the money," says Ellen Schloemer, research director at the Center for Responsible Lending. "The rates are outrageous."
Statement: Our country has succeeded in reducing greenhouse emissions in previous years.
Speaker: morgan griffith
About the speaker: Morgan Griffith, a Republican congressman, represents Virginia's 9th District, which includes much of Southwest and part of Southside Virginia. He was first elected to the U.S. House in 2010. He serves on the House's Energy and Commerce Committee, which includes assignments on the Health, Energy and Power, and Oversight and Investigations subcommittees.
He previously served in Virginia's House of Delegates from 1994 to 2011 and was the House Majority Leader beginning in 2000.
Griffith graduated in 1980 from Emory and Henry College, Emory, and obtained a law degree in 1983 from Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington.
Date: February 11, 2019
Location: virginia
Topics: environment;climate change
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: "Our country has succeeded in reducing greenhouse emissions in previous years," Griffith said in arguing against a Democratic resolution for an all-out effort to end the emissions in a decade. Griffith cites an EPA report released early last year showing emissions dropped 11.8 percent between 2007 and 2017. It went down three straight years between 2015 and 2017, although by declining amounts. But Griffith ignores more current research that alters his picture. The Rhodium Group estimates carbon emissions - the source of most greenhouse gases - increased by 3.4 percent last year. EIA data shows it went up 3.2 during the first 10 months of 2018, compared to the first 10 months of 2017. So you can argue this either way. During the last dozen years, emissions went up five times and down seven. On one hand, they're down 10 percent over the last 12 years; on the other, emissions are at the same level they were in the mid-1990s. We rate the statement one .
Statement: In Congress, Elizabeth Warren introduced 110 bills. 2 passed. Cory Booker introduced 120 bills. 0 passed. Kamala Harris introduced 54 bills. 0 passed. Bernie Sanders never held a job until age 53. He lived off of welfare and four different women.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 12, 2019
Topics: voting record;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed, "In Congress, Elizabeth Warren introduced 110 bills. 2 passed. Cory Booker introduced 120 bills. 0 passed. Kamala Harris introduced 54 bills. 0 passed. Bernie Sanders never held a job until age 53. He lived off of welfare and four different women." The post attacks the legislative effectiveness of Senate Democrats. The original tweet is also ; at the time, all the senators mentioned had sponsored bills that passed the Senate. Two of Booker’s bills had even been signed by the president. As for Sanders, the post fabricates several parts of the senator’s biography. The Facebook post is . We rate it .
Statement: Texas Governor Rick Perry's voter ID law is a blatant effort to defeat Wendy Davis by disenfranchising tens of thousands of women voters.
Speaker: democratic governors association
About the speaker: The Democratic Governors Association is an independent organization that supports Democratic governors and candidates.
Date: October 24, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: elections;women
Context: an email blast
Fact-check justification: The Democratic governors group said the voter ID measure signed into law by Perry is a "blatant effort to defeat Wendy Davis by disenfranchising tens of thousands of women voters." In addition to its timeline gulf--the ID proposal passed into law two years before Davis emerged as a serious gubernatorial prospect--this  suffers from an absence of proof that the Texas law was intended to disenfranchise tens of thousands of women or has had such an immediate effect. Significantly, we are not judging here whether the ID hurdle is affecting voter participation. The law is lately being enforced for the first time. Only after the 2013 elections is there likely to be data on its effect on voters--of all kinds. This pre-election , weakened by chronological illogic and an overall absence of , shakes out as both  and . !
Statement: Says Kamala Harris wants to eliminate beef.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 11, 2020
Location: national
Topics: agriculture;california;coronavirus
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral Facebook post says that Kamala Harris wants to eliminate beef. Harris didn’t say that. She and Cory Booker support legislation that would prevent meatpacking companies from ramping up production, but they didn’t propose eliminating beef. Harris even said that she enjoys a cheeseburger every now and then. We rate this post .
Statement: Cincinnati is already one of the biggest cities in the country to run 100 percent on clean energy.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 27, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: energy
Context: Cincinnati, Ohio
Fact-check justification: Clinton congratulated Cincinnati for being "one of the biggest cities in the country to run 100 percent on clean energy." Clinton's phrasing makes it sound like Cincinnati is free of coal-fed power. The reality — the city's 100 percent Renewable Energy Credit option — is more complicated. While there are critics of the renewable energy credit system, it is currently the only way to ensure the purchase of power from green sources. The most recent reports show that 43,090 Cincinnati households and 1,287 small businesses participate in the city’s Electricity Aggregation Program. That’s not 100 percent of Cincinnati’s energy consumers — it’s about 81 percent of households. But those who are enrolled in the Electricity Aggregation Program can  that they’re running on 100 percent renewable sources — or as close to it as anyone can get, while staying on the grid. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/21054f53-62e8-442a-bcc5-8c5b85e969ad
Statement: Facebook is changing its hate speech policy to ban "Let's go Brandon.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 20, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  Facebook did not respond to PolitiFact’s questions about the , but the company told Reuters it didn’t change its hate speech policy to bar this phrase. Neither "Let’s go Brandon" nor "F--- Joe Biden" violates the policy, Facebook said. The hate speech policy is online , and it doesn’t mention Biden or "Let’s go Brandon." And there are no credible reports online that Facebook has changed or is going to change the policy to ban the phrase.   We rate claims that it is .