chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: We have a $2 trillion to $3 trillion infrastructure deficit. We've got work that needs to get done. We've got people that want to go to work.
Speaker: tim ryan
About the speaker: Tim Ryan is a representative of Ohio’s 13th Congressional District. Ryan served the state’s 17th Congressional District from 2003 until 2013, when he assumed office to represent the 13th District. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president. In 2022, he is running for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat.
Date: September 15, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;infrastructure;jobs
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Those who watched him on "The Ed Show" might have had a more complete picture of the problem had they known that nearly half of that $2.2 trillion need was expected to be met over five years. Those pieces of information provide clarification. But given the fluidity of those numbers, and given the fact that he correctly pegged ASCE’s key number between $2 trillion and $3 trillion, Ryan wasn’t cherry-picking. This precision gap is much narrower than the infrastructure gap. As a result, we rate Ryan’s statement .
Statement: Says 700 CIA agents were arrested.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 1, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We’ve checked claims like the title of this video before. Sometimes posts overstate what’s actually said in the video, or they even fabricate a sensational, clickbait-worthy headline. Some examples of these kinds of claims that we’ve checked and found :  The search for reports, news articles, or credible sources to corroborate the statement is fruitless. That’s the case here — we found nothing to remotely suggest that 700 CIA agents were recently arrested.   We rate this post .
Statement: Queen Elizabeth and her husband Prince Philip were found guilty in the disappearance of 10 native children from the Catholic-run Kamloops residential school
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 20, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  A Facebook post claimed that Queen Elizabeth and her husband Prince Philip were found guilty in the disappearance of ten native children from the Kamloops Indian Residential School. There is no  that Queen Elizabeth or Prince Philip had ever visited the residential school. There is no trace of the alleged arrest warrant. And the court that allegedly issued this warrant is not a legally recognized court, but the creation of a conspiracy theorist. We rate this  !
Statement: Georgia could get money for schools by scraping "the gold off the gold dome" of the state Capitol.
Speaker: roy barnes
About the speaker: Roy Barnes is the former governor of Georgia.
Date: February 12, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: By the time you pay Kramer his $100,000 for scraping the orb in the first place, you are actually in the hole by more than $40,000. “You’re not going to make any money,” Kramer said. In fact you would lose money, and end up with a naked Capitol dome. And nobody wants that. We give the former governor a  for this one.
Statement: I had to lay off 48 people last year," which has exacerbated the lack of law enforcement officers in the county that respond quickly to crime calls.
Speaker: david a. clarke jr.
About the speaker: David A. Clarke Jr. served as Milwaukee County sheriff from 2002 to 2017.
Date: January 25, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: county budget;county government;criminal justice;crime;guns
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: So, again, the linkage Clarke makes between the layoffs and response times falls flat. Our rating Clarke said: "I had to lay off 48 people last year," which has exacerbated the lack of law enforcement officers in the county that respond quickly to crime calls. The Sheriff’s Office did lay off 48 people in 2012, but most have been rehired. Moreover, the office handles only a fraction of serious crimes in Milwaukee. We rate Clarke’s statement .
Statement: If all of the [Bush-era] tax cuts expire on schedule, the budget will be close to being balanced in four years.
Speaker: bobby scott
About the speaker: Bobby Scott, D-3rd, has been a member of the U.S. House of Representatives since 1993. The district is comprised of all of Charles City and Surry counties and Petersburg and Portsmouth and portions of Henrico and Prince George counties and Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk and Richmond. Scott has seats on the Judiciary and Education and Labor committees.
Scott previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1979-83 and in the state Senate in 1983-93. He was a member of the National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve. He was a lawyer in a private practice from 1973-91.
Scott was born in Washington, D.C. He earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., in 1969 and a law degree from Boston College in 1973.
Date: October 12, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: deficit;federal budget;taxes
Context: the Times-Dispatch voters' guide
Fact-check justification: So, let’s review. We must look at the projected annual cost of the tax cuts, if extended, to determine how much could be saved by allowing them to expire. Depending on the source, those estimates when coupled with the AMT adjustment, range between $200 to $500 billion annually over the next 10 years.      But with budget deficits projected to hover around $1 trillion a year during that time period, the extra tax revenue from allowing the cuts to expire wouldn’t even cut the deficit in half in four years, much less balance the budget.    So we rate the  .
Statement: Says cuts by Gov. Rick Perry's administration left "12,000 teachers without a job.
Speaker: julián castro
About the speaker: Julián Castro is a former U.S. secretary of Housing & Urban Development. He was the youngest member of Barack Obama’s cabinet, serving from 2014 to 2017. Just before he became secretary of HUD, he was the mayor of San Antonio, elected in 2009. Castro received a bachelor’s degree in political science and communications from Stanford University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on Jan. 2, 2020.
Date: June 8, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: Houston
Fact-check justification: Castro’s reference to 12,000 unemployed teachers is based on an out-of-date, what-if projection -- not actual job losses. Still, school districts shed nearly 11,000 teaching positions in the first school year affected by the $4 billion cut signed into law by Perry. And while it’s uncertain how many of the eliminated positions resulted in unemployed teachers -- retirements also came into play -- it seems reasonable to speculate that many teachers were left jobless. Without more precise information, this statement rates .
Statement: (Rep. Bob Goodlatte's) balanced budget amendment does not require a balanced budget.
Speaker: bobby scott
About the speaker: Bobby Scott, D-3rd, has been a member of the U.S. House of Representatives since 1993. The district is comprised of all of Charles City and Surry counties and Petersburg and Portsmouth and portions of Henrico and Prince George counties and Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk and Richmond. Scott has seats on the Judiciary and Education and Labor committees.
Scott previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1979-83 and in the state Senate in 1983-93. He was a member of the National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve. He was a lawyer in a private practice from 1973-91.
Scott was born in Washington, D.C. He earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., in 1969 and a law degree from Boston College in 1973.
Date: July 14, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: a letter
Fact-check justification: Let’s review: Scott said that no provision in Goodlatte’s balanced budget amendment would require balancing the budget. He makes a narrow argument based on escape valves built into the resolution. But a number of policy experts say the resolution does, first and foremost, require a balanced budget and imposes high thresholds for its exceptions. We agree and find Scott’s semantic debate . We rate his  .
Statement: Says Rick Perry said there's an administrator for every teacher in Texas public schools.
Speaker: doug otto
About the speaker: Doug Otto, who began leading the Plano district in 1995, was previously superintendent of schools in the Anoka-Hennepin school district in Minnesota, according to a Plano district website. He announced his resignation in 2011.
Date: March 22, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Administrators accounted for 4 percent of the remaining positions.    By email, Otto told us he thinks he saw Perry’s 1-to-1  in a newspaper story. Jim Hirsch, another Plano administrator, provided links to news stories. A March 18 Fort Worth Star-Telegram article attributed that erroneous 1-to-1  to the Texas Young Republican Federation, but none quoted Perry saying there’s a teacher for every administrator. We rate Otto’s statement .
Statement: House Republican plan would increase costs for Oregon seniors by $6,000 with health care vouchers instead of Medicare
Speaker: david wu
About the speaker: David Wu, the first Chinese-American to serve in the House of Representatives, has represented Oregon’s First Congressional District since 1999.  He earned a bachelor of science from Stanford University in 1977 and a law degree from Yale University in 1982. He is co-founder of the firm Cohen and Wu.
Date: April 15, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: federal budget;medicare
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Is the difference $6,000 or more? Could it be less? The answer to each is perhaps. But given current knowledge and calculations $6,000 is a number that can be defended. For that reason, we rate Wu’s  .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama's debt commission recommended converting Medicare "to a system where Medicare participants are given a voucher to purchase insurance in the private market.
Speaker: tom petri
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Tom Petri, a Republican from Fond du Lac, represents Wisconsin's 6th congressional district. A former member of the state Senate, Petri was elected to the U.S. House in 1979.
 
Date: April 29, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: deficit;federal budget;medicare
Context: a constituent newsletter
Fact-check justification: Wright told us that when Petri’s office distributes results of the survey, a note will be included "indicating that a problem with this question was brought to our attention," as would "additional information clarifying how the question should have been phrased." Wright also said the survey was reviewed by the Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards , also known as the Franking Commission, and that "neither the Republican nor the Democratic staffers at the commission noticed anything objectionable" or partisan.    Turning to the -O-Meter, in surveying constituents, GOP Congressman Tom Petri said a commission created by the Democratic president had recommended making Medicare a voucher program. The commission did not make that recommendation and Petri admitted the wording in his survey was . We rate his statement .
Statement: In South Sudan, "more teenage girls die in childbirth than finish high school.
Speaker: un's unicef
About the speaker: The United Nations Interntional Children's Emergency Fund provides aid to families facing extreme condtions of war or deprivation in low income countries.
Date: July 6, 2016
Topics: global news service;education;foreign policy;poverty;public health;women
Context: an article on Medium
Fact-check justification: UNICEF wrote that in South Sudan, "more teenage girls die in childbirth than finish high school." The  is almost certainly correct, experts say. But there is no single data source that can verify the comparison. We rate this  .
Statement: There are more females on Facebook than alive in the world.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 9, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: According to data and projections from the Population Division of the United Nations, there are an estimated 3.94 billion females in the world and about 4 billion males.    That’s more than the Facebook post says, but the  in the post has also been circulating online for several years, since at least 2018 . But according to the 2022 first quarter report for Meta, Facebook’s parent company, Facebook had only 2.94 billion monthly active users as of March 31 — about half the number of users the post claims identify as female, and a billion fewer females than there are in the entire world, according to the United Nations.     According to a March 24 post from Hootsuite, users who identify themselves as female make up 43.4% of Facebook users that could be reached via advertising on the social media platform.   We rate this post .
Statement: Queen Elizabeth tests positive for COVID-19.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 28, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: So far, the news out of Buckingham Palace is good. On March 27, a palace spokesman said the 93-year-old British monarch remains in good health. She was then at Windsor Castle with her husband, 98-year-old Prince Philip and "a small number of staff," Reuters reported .   And as for Prince Charles, he announced on April 1 that he experienced mild symptoms and is "on the other side" of his illness. We rate this blog post .
Statement: Says the "only valid reason to oppose voter ID is that you plan to cheat," and "every Democrat in Congress opposes voter ID.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 10, 2019
Topics: voter id laws;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post said, "Two Facts: 1. The only valid reason to oppose voter ID is that you plan to cheat. 2. Every Democrat in Congress opposes voter ID. What more do you need to know about the party?" Critics of voter ID laws often defend their position by stating that not every voting-age citizen possesses a valid government-issued photo ID, and these laws disproportionately impact some more than others, including citizens of color and citizens 65 and older. Concern that more people are able to vote does not amount to an interest in cheating. While it is difficult to verify whether every congressional Democrat opposes voter ID laws of all kinds, we do know that every House Democrat who voted on HR 1, which could weaken voter ID laws, supported the bill. However, it’s important to remember that this was one aspect of a far-reaching bill. This  contains an element of  but distorts many critical details. We rate it .
Statement: While the initial increase in oil prices resulted in a near instantaneous increase in gas prices for consumers, the subsequent decrease in crude oil prices has failed to meaningfully provide relief for Georgia's families at the pump.
Speaker: raphael warnock
About the speaker: The Rev. Raphael Warnock is a U.S. Senator from Georgia elected in a special runoff election in January 2021 and running for re-election in 2022. Warnock, a Democrat, served as the senior pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, located in Atlanta. The church's former pastors include the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.
Date: April 5, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: national;gas prices
Context: a letter to President Joe Biden
Fact-check justification: Warnock said that "while the initial increase in oil prices resulted in a near instantaneous increase in gas prices for consumers, the subsequent decrease in crude oil prices has failed to meaningfully provide relief for Georgia's families at the pump." Typically, when oil prices rise, gas stations raise their prices within a few days. But the drop in crude oil prices generally doesn’t lead to an instant drop at the gas pump. Experts say this "rockets and feathers" dynamic — a fast rise followed by a slow decline — is common over the short term, but over the longer term, crude oil prices and prices at the pump generally move in unison.  We rate this statement .  RELATED : All of our fact-checks about gas prices  RELATED : The race for the Georgia U.S. Senate seat: A guide
Statement: The United States "is not building the aircraft, the long-range bombers, the additional aircraft carriers, the nuclear submarines.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: April 25, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: military
Context: a speech at the Iowa Faith and Freedom Summit
Fact-check justification: Rubio said that the United States "is not building the aircraft, the long-range bombers, the additional aircraft carriers, the nuclear submarines." The military has programs in place to build the types of equipment Rubio mentioned, including the largest aircraft procurement ever: the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. It will take many years and billions of dollars to complete the procurement, but Rubio’s statement could mislead voters into thinking that the United States has closed up shop in the area of military equipment and isn’t building anything, which isn’t the case. We rate this  .
Statement: Bill Clinton gave North Korea $5 billion and two nuclear reactors in 1994, essentially giving them nukes.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 9, 2017
Topics: energy;history;foreign policy;nuclear;punditfact
Context: a Twitter post
Fact-check justification: An image circulating on the Internet claims "Bill Clinton gave North Korea $5 billion and two nuclear reactors in 1994, essentially giving them nukes." Clinton did negotiate a deal in 1994 to provide two nuclear reactors and provide heavy fuel oil to North Korea in exchange for the country giving up its nuclear weapons program. That's about where the  of this image stops. The energy aid costs didn’t approach anywhere near $5 billion, and the reactors were never built. North Korea had continued to enrich uranium on its own, leading the Bush administration to end the deal. The agreement, while a failure, didn’t give North Korea nuclear weapons. Experts said the agreement actually slowed North Korea down. We rate this statement .
Statement: Giving the facts:  73,000 jobs created ... since '11.  Do you know how many direct jobs in the auto industry?  1,800.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: June 3, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an appearance on NBC's "Meet the Press."
Fact-check justification: But there’s additional information needed for clarification. By limiting the job creation numbers to just the time he has been in office, Kasich’s  undersells the overall job growth that has occurred since the federal government rescued the auto industry. And his  limited his figures to "direct" jobs that were "created." That does not reflect benefits to other businesses as a result of resurgence of auto employment or consider jobs that may have been retained. On the -O-Meter, Kasich’s  rates .
Statement: Says Christine Blasey Ford and her lawyer were photographed with George Soros, Hillary Clinton.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 26, 2018
Topics: fake news;supreme court;facebook fact-checks
Context: In a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Below is a picture of Kinney via the Associated Press with former President Bill Clinton in 1995, when she was the White House photographer. The bottom image purports to show Ford with Soros. The woman pictured is not Ford, but Lyudmyla Kozlovska, a Ukrainian human rights activist. Below, via the Associated Press, is Kozlovska with her husband, Bartosz Kramek, during an anti-government protest in Warsaw in 2017.   We rate this statement !
Statement: Gov. Romney's plan would cut taxes for the folks at the very top.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 23, 2012
Location: national
Topics: message machine 2012;taxes
Context: an advertisement
Fact-check justification: Obama is correct that Romney’s plan does indeed cut taxes for high-income Americans -- quite heavily in fact -- but the rich aren’t the only ones who would see a cut. Taxes would be reduced in lower income ranges, too. Still, the plan gives a large share of the benefits to higher income taxpayers. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Commerce Secretary nominee John Bryson "appears to endorse world government.
Speaker: anonymous gop critics
About the speaker: Anonymous GOP officials on the Hill.
Date: June 7, 2011
Location: national
Topics: environment;cap and trade;climate change;energy
Context: a web news story
Fact-check justification: We agree. Referring to the United Nations as "the closest thing we have to a world governance organization" isn't exactly a smoking gun. We didn't hear any  in Bryson's full, hour-long address that suggests he wants to cede the U.S. government's authority over climate change policy to the United Nations, let alone something as radical and all-encompassing as a world government. No wonder the GOP officials who leaked the video and provided the speculation decided to remain anonymous. We rate the  .
Statement: The General Assembly "has no explicit constitutional authority to impose income, sales, estate and the myriad of other taxes upon us.
Speaker: nicholas gorham
About the speaker: Nicholas Gorham is a lawyer from Coventry who served in the General Assembly from 1999 to 2009.
Date: December 30, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: history;taxes
Context: a newspaper commentary
Fact-check justification: Nicholas Gorham said the Rhode Island General Assembly ‘‘has no explicit constitutional authority’’ to levy taxes. History tells us he’s right. Had he suggested that the lack of explicit language meant no one had to pay taxes, we’d view his  in a far different light. But he didn’t, so we rule it  . (If you hear a  you'd like us to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)