chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: According to Pew Research, 99 percent of the people in Afghanistan support oppressive Sharia law.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 13, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration;islam
Context: a speech responding to the Orlando shooting
Fact-check justification: Arguing in favor of his proposed ban on Muslims entering the country, Trump said that a Pew Research Study had found "99 percent of the people in Afghanistan" support Sharia law. Pew said Trump’s contention was "largely accurate," noting that the phrase "oppressive" was Trump’s own. We did not take a stance on his use of the adjective. There is some nuance in the Afghanistan results, however, as Muslims surveyed have different perspectives on various aspects of Sharia law and how it ought to be implemented. And nearly 40 percent of respondents in Afghanistan said that Sharia law should only apply to other Muslims, not non-Muslim citizens. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/4a912410-e50d-4843-b468-a9002ea4b3ae
Statement: U.N. official John Ashe set to testify against the Clintons may not have died by accident.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: June 17, 2017
Location: national
Topics: fake news
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A conservative blog revived a year-old rumor that a UN official died shortly before he was going to testify against the Clintons. While the man did die and he was scheduled to meet with prosecutors, that’s the extent of the accuracy here. Prosecutors said Ashe had received at least half a million dollars in bribes, and he was headed for trial. The case had no connection to the Clintons, except that the man who allegedly provided the bribe had illegally given to Democrats about 20 years earlier. The official autopsy found he died in an accident and no  suggests otherwise. We rate this  .
Statement: Multiple studies "all said for decades, masks do not work with viruses.
Speaker: dan forest
About the speaker: Dan Forest is North Carolina's Lieutenant Governor.
Date: July 4, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: coronavirus
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Forest said "there have been multiple comprehensive studies at the deepest level held to scientific standards in controlled environments that have all said for decades, masks do not work with viruses." His statement overlooks recent data, news stories, CDC guidance and the advice of one of President Trump’s top pandemic advisors. While face coverings alone can’t guarantee protection from a virus, recent studies show they do reduce the risk of spreading the virus. And that’s the goal in this pandemic: to stop the spread. So Forest’s  that masks "do not work" is . We rate his  .
Statement: Since January 2015, the "majority of our" Austin City Council "meetings have extended past 10 p.m." and "many of our meetings have gone past midnight.
Speaker: sheri gallo
About the speaker: Sheri P. Gallo, a longtime Austin businesswoman, won election in 2014 as the District 10 member of the Austin City Council. She was sworn in along with the mayor and nine other council members in January 2015.
Date: January 28, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: city government;history
Context: an Austin City Council meeting
Fact-check justification: Gallo said that since January 2015, the "majority of our" Austin City Council "meetings have extended past 10 p.m." and "many of our meetings have gone past midnight." There has, of late, been a pile-up of late-running meetings. Yet the big picture is that 12, or 43 percent, of the 28 council's major meetings since January 2015 ran past 10 p.m. with five, 18 percent, stretching past midnight. We rate this , which has an element of , .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: I had an uncle ... who was part of the first American troops to go into Auschwitz and liberate the concentration camps.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 26, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Las Cruces, N.M
Fact-check justification: Charles T. Payne was assigned to the 355th Regiment Infantry, Company K. The Records Center provided a copy of the report. A faxed copy provided to PolitiFact was legible enough for us to make out Payne's information, but the faxed photocopy of the record is too grainy to be of use if posted here. There's no question Obama misspoke when he said his uncle helped to liberate the concentration camp in Auschwitz. But even with this error in locations, Obama's statement was substantially correct in that he had an uncle — albeit a great uncle — who served with troops who helped to liberate the Ohrdruf concentration/work camp and saw, firsthand, the horrors of the Holocaust. We rate the statement .
Statement: My grandfather came home from ... (World War II) exhausted from the burdens he had borne, and died the next day.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: September 4, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: St. Paul, Minn
Fact-check justification: He had fought his war and died. His Navy physician attributed his fatal heart attack to 'complete fatigue resulting from the strain of the last months of combat.' " His obituary ran on the front page of the New York Times , and includes the detail that he had returned home only the day before. "Admiral McCain's groups were called the world's most powerful task force and the destruction they wrought on Japanese military installations and armament centers played a vital role in reducing the country's ability to fight and bringing about final victory," according to the obituary. We find McCain's statement that his grandfather died the day after returning from World War II to be .
Statement: Inspections of abortion centers around Virginia have found multiple violations of parental consent laws … but Gov. Terry McAuliffe and his administration have done nothing.
Speaker: victoria cobb
About the speaker: Victoria Cobb is the president of the Family Foundation.
Date: August 22, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Cobb said, "Inspections of abortion centers around Virginia have found multiple violations of state parental consent laws but, because it’s the abortion industry, Governor McAuliffe and his administration have done nothing." Inspections since McAuliffe took office in 2014 have turned up consent problems in two of the state’s 18 abortion clinics. Inspectors found one instance where there was no record of parental or guardian consent for a minor who had received an abortion.  And there were two instances when the consent forms were not properly notarized. Some might say that the cited problems have been few and accidental. Cobb is technically correct in using the term "multiple violations." But Cobb’s  that McAuliffe did "nothing" about the violations doesn’t hold up. The Department of Health followed state regulations by requiring both clinics to adopt procedures to prevent the violations from recurring. The department followed up with an unannounced re-inspection at one of the facilities. The response largely was identical to actions taken under the previous governor, McDonnell, when inspectors in 2012 found a Roanoke clinic had given abortions to one minor for whom there was no parental consent record and to two minors whose forms were not notarized. On the whole, Cobb’s statement contains an element of , but it ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That makes it .
Statement: Arkansas Democratic congressional candidate Chad Causey "was a Washington, D.C. bureaucrat.
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: October 3, 2010
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;message machine 2010
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: "As a decade-long congressional staffer, he has played the political game from the inside for a lot longer than most staffers remain in that position. And, as someone with experience on the Appropriations Committee, Causey has had the potential for not-inconsiderable influence on how Washington spends taxpayer dollars." Even so, notwithstanding the NRCC's efforts to find scholarly precedent, we feel that being a Washington insider is not the same thing as being a "bureaucrat." And we agree with Ornstein that a legislative employee is not a bureaucrat. So we rate the statement .
Statement: I've never voted for a Democrat when there was a Republican on the ballot.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 26, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Jacksonville, Fla
Fact-check justification: In the Jacksonville debate, Romney said, "I've never voted for a Democrat when there was a Republican on the ballot." Romney has been open about the strategy behind his decision, and we expect many voters would have done the same thing. We see two contrary interpretations as having merit. Romney has a point that the ballot he was handed didn’t include any Republicans. On the other hand, Romney had a right to request a GOP ballot that day and opted not to. We rate the statement .
Statement: Caitlyn Jenner "literally killed someone 6 years ago in the streets and was released by a District Attorney.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 25, 2021
Location: california
Topics: criminal justice;elections;crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The DA did not release Jenner. The posts on social media suggest that Jenner was released by a district attorney for killing someone. However, Jenner was never charged or convicted in the case. We rate this  .    – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.
Statement: Food Stamp participation hits 10 year low.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 9, 2019
Location: national
Topics: economy;poverty
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted, "Food Stamp participation hits 10 year low." He’s correct. The abnormally low SNAP participation in February 2019 was due to benefits for that month being distributed in January 2019 because of a government shutdown. We rate this .
Statement: The White House doctored a photo of a Donald Trump event "to make the crowd look bigger.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 1, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: I’m so sick of our collective reaction being, ‘Meh, it’s Donald.’" After observing the reaction, the Twitter user who created the image tweeted :  "I figured that by using Paint (no Photoshop was harmed in the production) the resulting edits would be so obvious that EVERYONE would immediately recognize it as a joke, chuckle and move on. But this has been eye-opening." Another user tweeted in response: "It’s been labeled now as a joke but it should have been labeled originally because none of us know reality anymore!" We rate the Facebook post .
Statement: Nancy Pelosi's Brother's Company Received $737 Million from Obama's Energy Dept!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 16, 2019
Topics: energy;ethics;facebook fact-checks
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: A YouTube video said, "Nancy Pelosi’s brother’s company received $737 million from Obama’s Energy Dept." The Energy Department didn’t give money to Ronald Pelosi or his company, Pacific Corporate Group. The department’s $737 loan guarantee went to a subsidiary of SolarReserve, a firm in which Pacific Corporate Group had a small investment.  Also, Ronald Pelosi is Nancy Pelosi’s brother-in-law. We rate this statement .
Statement: If New York's proposed limits on natural gas in buildings take effect, the grid today can't handle the increased electric load.
Speaker: robert ortt
About the speaker: Robert Ortt, a Republican, is the minority leader of the New York state Senate. Previously, he served as mayor of North Tonawanda.
Date: January 20, 2023
Location: new york
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Ortt claimed the electrical grid today can’t handle the increased load from a planned move in future years away from natural gas in new construction and in heating sources. That’s accurate. Proponents of Hochul's plan say the state intends to increase the electrical grid’s capacity as it transitions over time from fossil fuel-based energy sources. Fair enough. But that doesn't make Ortt's  . He said the grid wouldn't be able to handle the increased load today. And he’s right. We rate his statement .
Statement: Image shows Arizona gubernatorial candidate and Secretary of State Katie Hobbs in the room where ballots were being counted in Maricopa County.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 10, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Please refrain from making assumptions about workers who happen to wear glasses." The tweet claiming the photo shows Hobbs was removed the evening of Nov. 10 for violating Twitter rules .   Political party representatives are allowed to observe at voting locations and central counting places for partisan elections in Arizona, according to the Arizona secretary of state website . Candidates appearing on the ballot — such as Hobbs — or official write-in candidates can’t be party observers.    We rate claims that this image shows Hobbs .
Statement: The financial services regulatory bill "will end taxpayer bailouts.
Speaker: harry reid
About the speaker: Harry Reid is a former U.S. senator from Nevada. He served as the Democratic minority leader in the U.S. Senate immediately prior to leaving office.
Date: April 19, 2010
Location: national
Topics: bankruptcy;financial regulation;regulation
Context: a Senate floor speech
Fact-check justification: Asked whether the bill would "stop" bailouts from happening, Bair responded, "It makes them impossible and it should. We worked really hard to squeeze bailout language out of this bill." We agree that the bill takes genuine steps toward reducing bailouts. But we find it a stretch to argue, as Reid does, that the bill will "end" them. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Says Thom Tillis voted "against a pay raise for a military, while voting for a pay raise for himself.
Speaker: votevets.org
About the speaker: VoteVets is an advocacy group.
Date: September 2, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: military
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: The VoteVets ad says Tillis voted "against a pay raise for a military, while voting for a pay raise for himself."  It’s  that the bill VoteVets referenced included a raise for military service members, and that it froze pay for Congress members. It’s also  that Tillis voted against it. However, VoteVets ignores the broader context of the bill and of Tillis’ record on military pay. Tillis supported military raises in the National Defense Authorization Act. And he says his opposition to the omnibus bill had nothing to do with pay for Congress members. This ad is a classic example of cherry-picking that PolitiFact sees every election, using a single vote to make a  point. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: The House tax bill has "a lot more permanent relief for middle-income and even lower-income families" than the Senate bill does.
Speaker: carlos curbelo
About the speaker: In 2009, Carlos Curbelo was state director for Republican U.S. Sen. George LeMieux and was elected to the Miami-Dade school board in 2010. Curbelo, a Republican who lives in Kendall, won the Congressional District 26 seat in 2014 and 2016 and lost re-election in 2018 to Democrat Debbie Mucarsel-Powell.
Date: December 10, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: taxes
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Curbelo said the House tax bill has "a lot more permanent relief for middle-income and even lower-income families." That’s generally the case: Only one provision of the House bill that’s likely to be claimed by Americans of modest incomes, a family tax credit, would expire within the first decade, whereas many key provisions in the Senate bill would sunset early. However, it’s worth noting that the expiration of provisions is not the only reason that taxpayers are projected to pay more closer to 10 years after the bill’s passage. Another one, unmentioned by Curbelo, is changed treatment of inflation adjustments in the House bill. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Bill Cosby was framed for sexual assault by the Illuminati to stop him from buying NBC.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 14, 2017
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An internet rumor posted on multiple blogs says that Cosby was framed for sexual assault by the Illuminati to keep him from buying NBC. There is no credible  to support this . Credible news coverage indicates Cosby was interested in purchasing the network in the early 1990s – decades before he was publicly accused of sexual assault – but no deal was made.  We rate this !
Statement: Florida was the only state during my eight years to go from AA to AAA" in its bond rating.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: May 20, 2015
Location: florida
Context: Portsmouth, N.H
Fact-check justification: Bush said, "Florida was the only state during my eight years to go from AA to AAA (in its bond rating)." Florida’s general obligation bond rating was upgraded by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services in 2005. But both Delaware and Michigan were upgraded from AA+ to AAA by the S&P in 2000, which was during Bush’s second year in office. The information Bush’s PAC cited did not include his first two years in office. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says a photo shows Barack Obama smiling and shaking hands with Hassan Rouhani.
Speaker: paul gosar
About the speaker: Rep. Paul Gosar is a Republican serving Arizona's Fourth Congressional District. He entered Congress in 2010. Previously, he was a dentist.
 
Date: January 6, 2020
Topics: iran;facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: "No one said Obama met with Rouhani in person," he added on Twitter.   But the image, which has been reshared on social media since Gasar’s tweet, suggests that they did. When we fact-checked the Ron Johnson-supporting Restoration PAC for using it in 2015, we rated it .   More than four years later, the image is still smoking. !
Statement: Putin humiliatingly blows up all weapons and facilities" on Snake Island by retreating Russian troops.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 2, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims Russia used white phosphorus bombs on Snake Island off the Ukrainian coast after withdrawing troops from the area. The post said the attack was intended to destroy all Russian military weapons and facilities that were left behind. The Ukrainian military announced the attack and provided footage apparently showing the island being bombed, but the footage has not been independently verified and Russia has not responded to the accusation. A preliminary analysis of the video found the attack didn’t destroy much of anything on the island.  Because Russian troops did withdraw from the island, we rate this  .
Statement: Hecklers chanted "f--- Joe Biden" during a Barack Obama speech.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 29, 2022
Location: michigan
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram. ) In reality, Obama was talking about a lack of civility in politics when he was interrupted by what sounds like a lone heckler — not a crowd of people yelling about Biden. The audience did start to chant, however. They supportively said Obama’s name over and over.   We rate claims that the crowed chanted "f— Joe Biden" during Obama’s speech .