chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: There have been seven investigations (of Benghazi) led mostly by Republicans in the Congress" that concluded "nobody did anything wrong, but there were changes we could make.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: October 5, 2015
Location: national
Topics: congress;terrorism
Context: on NBC's Today Show
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "There have been seven investigations (of Benghazi) led  by Republicans in the Congress" that concluded "nobody did anything , but there were changes we could make." Clinton’s number is correct: there were seven previous congressional probes into the Benghazi attack. Saying these committees were led " by Republicans" is also a fair assertion: the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs were the only two committees not led by Republicans. As for her comment that there was no overt wrongdoing, just room for improvement, that’s a rosy assessment. But it is also largely accurate. We rate this  .
Statement: We researched to find out if anybody on Fox News had ever said you're going to jail if you don't buy health insurance. Nobody's ever said it.
Speaker: bill o'reilly
About the speaker: Bill O'Reilly hosted The O'Reilly Factor on Fox News until 2017. He formerly worked as a television news reporter and has authored numerous books.
Date: April 13, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care;legal issues;pundits
Context: a segment on the Fox News show The O'Reilly Factor
Fact-check justification: He used two clips to illustrate how Fox had dealt with the question of jail time in the past, both of which consisted of footage of journalists from other networks asking Obama and Pelosi a jail-related question at legitimate news events. Using those clips made it seem to viewers like Fox was getting blasted from the left simply for reporting on genuine news events, when in fact the criticism had to do instead with comments by Beck, Hannity and other hosts and guests who used the Fox platform to attack the health care bill. O'Reilly said nobody had "ever" said on Fox that you risked jail if you don't buy health insurance, and to us, "ever" means "ever." So we don't buy O'Reilly's after-the-fact defense. We rate his  !
Statement: Says Bernie Sanders "opposed Obamacare, didn't like the fact we didn't push a single-payer option.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: February 23, 2020
Topics: health care;public health
Context: an MSNBC interview
Fact-check justification: Sanders voted for the passage of Obamacare, even though he did not like that it did not include a public option. Before voting for the bill, Sanders said his vote was not certain since the proposal did not include the public option. Sanders embraced the bill more after it included funding for community health centers. Biden’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: A study of private bail bond systems "showed that Wisconsin has a higher no-show rate than other states" of defendants skipping court appearances.
Speaker: robin vos
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Rep. Robin Vos, R-Rochester, has represented western Racine County in the state Assembly since 2004. In November 2012, he was elected Assembly speaker. Vos previously served on the Racine County Board of Supervisors, from 1994 to 2004.
Date: June 10, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Milwaukee County uses a system of methodically assessing criminal defendants’ risk of flight, and judges there say that would protect public safety better than a commercial bail system. Our rating Vos said a study of private bail bond systems "showed that Wisconsin has a higher no-show rate than other states" of defendants skipping court appearances. The study doesn’t compare states, and doesn’t include a Wisconsin figure. And while various studies of local municipalities show lower no-show rates for private bail and therefore suggest the same advantage would hold for Wisconsin, Vos spoke as if the question is settled. We rate his  .
Statement: Underreported fact: President @realDonaldTrump raised more in small dollar donations than Obama in 2012 and than Clinton and Bernie combined!
Speaker: kayleigh mcenany
About the speaker: Kayleigh McEnany is an on-air commentator for Fox News and former White House press secretary under President Donald Trump. She was previously a spokeswoman for the Republican National Committee and a pro-Trump pundit on CNN.
Date: October 11, 2017
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;elections
Context: on Twitter
Fact-check justification: McEnany said Trump "raised more in small dollar donations" than his Democratic competitors. Trump, in conjunction with his joint fundraising committees, did raise more money from people who donated less than $200. Because McEnany did not mention what constitutes a small donation and that the institute also was looking at contributions to joint fundraising committees, we rate this statement .
Statement: Says Texas is 1st in business climate, 49th in education.
Speaker: kinky friedman
About the speaker: Kinky Friedman, a humorist, author and singer, sought the 2010 and 2014 Democratic nod for Texas agriculture commissioner. He ran as an independent for governor in 2006.
Date: August 1, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: economy;education
Fact-check justification: Friedman nailed the state’s No. 1 business ranking. But his  that Texas is 49th in education lacks supporting . That said, Texas usually lands in the bottom half of the states, according to education spending and student achievement measures. We rate Friedman’s  .
Statement: The United States has a low voter turnout rate.
Speaker: mamie locke
About the speaker: Mamie Locke, D-Hampton, has been a member of the Senate of Virginia since 2004. She served on the Hampton City Council from 1996 to 2004, spending the last four years as mayor. Locke received a Ph.D. in political science from Atlanta University in 1984. She is a professor of poitical science at Hampton University.
Date: May 8, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: elections
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification:   Locke said "The United States has a low voter turnout rate." She based her statement on a Pew study that shows the U.S. ranks 31st among 34 OECD nations in the percentage of age-eligible people who cast ballots in recent national elections. Wider data, compiled by the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, ranks the U.S. 73rd among 109 nations and territories. We rate Locke’s statement .
Statement: We are experiencing the worst economic recovery America has ever had.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: November 19, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy
Context: a new book
Fact-check justification: Our rating In the opening passage of his new book, Walker cites the slow pace of the economic recovery as one of the woes facing Wisconsin. He says it’s the worst economic recovery the U.S. has ever had. But the jobs recovery was slower in other recessions, including the Great Depression. Economic output is a little less cut and dried because the Depression was so severe that the bounce back was more pronounced. We rate the  .
Statement: Wisconsin's $3 billion incentive offer to Foxconn is "the largest gift ever by a state to a foreign company.
Speaker: one wisconsin now
About the speaker: One Wisconsin Now is a liberal advocacy group that focuses on advancing "progressive leadership and values."
Date: August 7, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs;state budget;states;technology;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Critics say it amounts to a multibillion-dollar bet on a company that makes screens — a product subject to constant market-disrupting competition and innovation. Our rating One Wisconsin Now says Wisconsin's $3 billion incentive offer to Foxconn is "the largest gift ever by a state to a foreign company." The $3 billion wouldn’t be given -- it would be paid, in increments, based on how much Foxconn spends on capital investments and payroll. But the only compilation of government subsidies we found shows that the Foxconn offer would exceed the highest subsidy provided to a foreign company -- $1.65 billion in 2012, made by Pennsylvania to Dutch Royal Shell, based in The Netherlands. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important information, our rating is .
Statement: Airlines begin to ban vaccinated people after Pilots die due to vaccine
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 21, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: A Facebook user claimed that four British Airways pilots’ deaths were linked to the COVID-19 vaccine and suggested that airlines are banning vaccinated people from traveling. British Airways said the deaths were not linked to the COVID-19 vaccines. Also, airlines are not considering banning vaccinated people.  We rate this  .
Statement: Says Beto O'Rourke's "father-in-law, a billionaire real estate developer who bankrolled a Super PAC to buy Beto a congressional seat…
Speaker: club for growth
About the speaker: The Club for Growth is an anti-tax group.
Date: March 10, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: elections
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Club for Growth said O’Rourke’s father-in-law, "a billionaire real estate developer" from El Paso, "bankrolled a Super PAC to buy Beto a congressional seat." Sanders is not considered a billionaire. He contributed to a PAC that was targeting longtime incumbents in Congress, including O’Rourke’s opponent. But his contribution did not come close to others made to the group. We rate this  . Editor’s note: This is one of four fact-checks featuring a  made in Club for Growth’s TV ad about Beto O’Rourke. To read the others, click here .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.
Statement: Sen. Harry Reid voted "against declaring English our national language, twice.
Speaker: sharron angle
About the speaker: Sharron Angle is a former member of the Nevada Assembly who unsuccessfully tried to unseat Harry Reid in 2010 as the Republican nominee for his U.S. Senate seat.
Date: October 25, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;message machine 2010
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: To this day, no "official language" exists at the federal level. The bottom line here is that Reid twice voted against amendments to "declare English as the national language of the Government of the United States," even as he voted for an amendment "to declare that English is the common and unifying language of the United States." The ad says Reid twice voted against declaring English our national language. Reid not only voted against the bills, he was quite vocal in his opposition. We rate the ad's  .
Statement: We're now spending 42 percent of our economy on government.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 3, 2012
Location: national
Topics: debates;federal budget
Context: Denver
Fact-check justification: Depending on which data set you use, Romney’s numbers are either correct or close. But they don’t tell the whole story. A large share of the spending has come not from the cost of government employees, buildings and equipment but from transfer payments that individual Americans ultimately control (and, in many cases, under programs which they had paid into to begin with). On balance, we rate Romney’s statement .
Statement: Since 2015, the City of Milwaukee has spent more than $22 million on settlements with litigants accusing police of misconduct.
Speaker: bob donovan
About the speaker: Bob Donovan is a Milwaukee alderman, representing a district on the city's south side.  He was elected to the Common Council in 2000. In July 2014 he declared himself a candidate for mayor of Milwaukee in the 2016 election.
Date: May 23, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: city government;civil rights;criminal justice;legal issues
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: On May 8, 2018, a Common Council committee postponed a vote to recommend approving the settlement when aldermen were told the estimated settlement could be much higher -- some $6 million . So, that settlement has not been finalized. Our rating Donovan says: "Since 2015, the City of Milwaukee has spent more than $22 million on settlements with litigants accusing police of misconduct." The city’s nonpartisan Legislative Reference Bureau puts the tally at $20.2 million, but notes that a pending settlement in one case would push the total to $22.1 million. We rate Donovan’s statement .
Statement: Adam Laxalt is "anti-DACA" and "fought against the protections for DACA recipients when he was attorney general.
Speaker: catherine cortez masto
About the speaker: Catherine Cortez Masto was elected to the U.S. Senate in November 2016 in Nevada. She previously served two terms as Nevada's Attorney General.
Date: October 13, 2022
Location: nevada
Topics: immigration;elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: "  Laxalt and 24 other attorneys general sued to stop the Obama administration from expanding DACA and creating a new program that would benefit parents of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents. That lawsuit didn’t seek to revoke protections for people already in the program, but aimed to restrict the number of additional people who could benefit from it. It’s worth noting that Laxalt did not join another lawsuit to end the original version of DACA; he said it was because people were already enrolled in the program. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate the  .
Statement: Says potential Democratic opponent Mary Burke "implemented the policies of Jim Doyle. Those are the policies that, in his last term, saw the state lose more than 133,000 jobs.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: August 30, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: But experts agree that Wisconsin’s economy was caught in the same economic crash that crippled the entire country -- the recession was deeper and more severe than any single state’s policies, including those of Doyle. They note that Wisconsin actually fared somewhat better than the rest of the country. This leaves us with a statement that’s numerically , but with scant  at best when it comes to blame. That’s  on our meter. To comment on this item, visit this page .
Statement: Since the salary for state lawmakers was raised to $79,500, "that purchasing power has now been reduced to $53,000.
Speaker: carl heastie
About the speaker: Carl Heastie is the Speaker of the New York State Assembly. He is an Assemblyman from the Bronx.
Date: October 24, 2016
Location: new york
Topics: economy
Context: an article from WBFO
Fact-check justification: While visiting Buffalo, Heastie said the purchasing power of a state lawmaker’s $79,500 salary "has now been reduced to $53,000" since that salary took effect 18 years ago. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Heastie is slightly off in his comparison. Inflation actually pegs the purchasing power of the current salary at $54,060. We rate this  as . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/dcea594d-995a-4fd0-829f-2c81a7d5e407
Statement: Qatar refused "to receive the German national team's plane, which bears the gay logo, which forced them to return the plane to the airport of the Sultanate of Oman.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 21, 2022
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The German team said in a statement that it and the airline decided not to take the Lufthansa plane to Qatar because it would be empty on its return from Doha. The decision was rooted in environmental sustainability, the team said.   The Instagram post’s image shows the team before boarding the plane in Frankfurt on Nov. 14. It doesn’t show Qatar refusing to accept the plane, forcing its return to Oman.   We rate that  .
Statement: Polar bears have increased 400% in 45 years; whales are nearly fully recovered; extinctions are down 90% past century. Koalas are doing fine. If we could ban wind turbines we could save 85,000 birds of prey/yr in US alone.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 12, 2021
Topics: environment;animals;climate change;science;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Koalas have been listed as vulnerable since 2016. We found no  to support the  that extinctions are down by 90% in the past century. There have been several reports that wind turbines do kill raptors, but not nearly as many birds as the  suggests. Fossil fuels and climate change post a greater threat. We rate this  .
Statement: Wow, Report Just Out! Google manipulated from 2.6 million to 16 million votes for Hillary Clinton in 2016 Election!
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 19, 2019
Location: national
Topics: elections;technology
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said a new report shows "Google manipulated from 2.6 million to 16 million votes for Hillary Clinton in 2016 Election." The general idea here is that Google gave people search results that in some way affected their vote in the lead-up to the election for president.  Whether such indirect interactions could cause people to change their votes is questionable, and the paper — which is not new — does nothing to establish how that might happen. The paper doesn’t explain its methodology, and other academics questioned whether its findings were valid. Finally, Trump seems to have exaggerated the outer bound of the questionable findings. Overall, we rate his statement .
Statement: Says the "largest tax increase in American history is set to occur on January 1st unless President Obama and Congress can come to an agreement.
Speaker: francisco "quico" canseco
About the speaker: Francisco "Quico" Canseco, a businessman and banker, won election to the U.S. House in 2010, but lost his re-election bid in 2012.
Date: July 31, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: history;taxes
Context: an email blast
Fact-check justification:     The trillions of dollars at stake with the expiration of the Bush-era tax cuts places them among the nation’s most costly. Still, the cuts, if allowed to expire, would amount to less than half the percentage of the gross domestic product reflected in the 1942 tax increase. We rate Canseco’s  as .
Statement: Says Oregon ranks 30th in the nation with regard to its incarceration rate.
Speaker: crime victims united of oregon
About the speaker: Crime Victims United, a tough-on-crime group, says it was "founded in 1983 to advance the rights of crime victims and enhance the safety of all law-abiding Oregonians by addressing problems in Oregon's criminal justice system"
Date: November 12, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a website
Fact-check justification: Now, back to the issue at hand. Oregon Crime Victims United said that Oregon ranked 30th in state incarceration rates. Newer numbers show that to be off, but only slightly. Because not even the spokeswoman for the Bureau of Justice Statistics knew about the fresher numbers, we won’t fault Crime Victims United for the slight discrepancy. We find this  to be .
Statement: Rhode Island's voter identification law was pushed by "a black Democrat in the House, a black Democrat in the Senate. That's a fact.
Speaker: ann coulter
About the speaker: Ann Coulter is a conservative columnist and author.
Date: September 27, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: elections;pundits
Context: a TV show appearance
Fact-check justification: Ann Coulter said the voter-identification passed by the Rhode Island legislature was pushed by black senators and representatives. In fact, in both the House and the Senate, black legislators strongly supported the bill. We rule her statement .