chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says a "recent analysis" showed that 91 percent of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipients are employed, in school or serving in the military.
Speaker: julián castro
About the speaker: Julián Castro is a former U.S. secretary of Housing & Urban Development. He was the youngest member of Barack Obama’s cabinet, serving from 2014 to 2017. Just before he became secretary of HUD, he was the mayor of San Antonio, elected in 2009. Castro received a bachelor’s degree in political science and communications from Stanford University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on Jan. 2, 2020.
Date: October 29, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;education;jobs;legal issues
Context: a PJ Media web post
Fact-check justification: Castro said a "recent analysis" showed that 91 percent of DACA recipients are employed, in school or serving in the military. Some 97 percent of respondents to an August 2017 online survey reported being employed or in school. However, the researchers asked no questions about military service. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Andy Rooney wrote a long commentary defending prayer and Christianity in the United States.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 9, 2019
Topics: religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .)   That’s because most of the words attributed to Andy Rooney in this post were actually written by Nick Gholson, then a sports editor at the Times Record News in Wichita Falls, Texas. The column doesn’t include the "2019/2020" rallying cry that appears in the Facebook post. Gholson’s editorial ran in September 1999, and you can read a reprint of it in another newspaper here .   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Obama secretly gave citizenship to 2,500 Iranians as part of nuke deal.
Speaker: diamond and silk
About the speaker: Diamond and Silk (real names Lynnette Hardaway and Rochelle Richardson) are Pro-Donald Trump activists.
Date: July 2, 2018
Topics: immigration;fake news;iran;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: A headline on a Diamond and Silk website said "Obama secretly gave citizenship to 2,500 Iranians as part of nuke deal." The article stemmed from a Fox News report which was based on comments by Hojjat al-Islam Mojtaba Zolnour, an Iranian official, who made the allegation during an interview with the country’s Etemad newspaper, cited by the country’s semi-official Fars News agency. The report doesn’t appear to include any actual . Fox News’ report contained no confirmation by U.S. government officials working in the Trump administration. Former Obama administration officials denied the report and experts expressed skepticism. We rate claims based on available , and so far have found none to support the . We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Donald "Trump supported impeachment of President (George W.) Bush.
Speaker: our principles pac
About the speaker: Our Principles PAC was formed by Katie Packer, a veteran Republican strategist, with the goal of reducting support for Donald Trump.
Date: February 14, 2016
Location: national
Topics: iraq;foreign policy
Context: a web ad
Fact-check justification: An ad by the super PAC Our Principles said Trump supported the impeachment of Bush. The  was in the ad itself, a video from an interview Trump gave to CNN in 2008. In that interview, Trump was asked if impeachment would have been a wonderful thing and he said "absolutely." Recently, Trump has backed away from his previous support for impeachment, saying "it’s past time" for that action. Still, the ad said he supported impeachment in the past, not that he supports it today. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says federal law enforcement officers cut off questioning of the Christmas Day underwear bomber by giving him a Miranda warning after 30 minutes of questioning.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: May 9, 2010
Location: national
Topics: homeland security;legal issues;crime;terrorism;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's This Week
Fact-check justification: He is right that after the initial questioning, federal authorities stopped interrogating Abdulmutallab and then, ultimately, read him his Miranda rights. But Giuliani implied that authorities stopped the questioning in order to Mirandize him. Congressional hearings and news accounts indicate that the questioning went longer than Giuliani claimed -- 50 minutes rather than 30 -- and that it was interrupted because he needed medical treatment. After the treatment, he was read his rights, although the precise sequence of events isn't clear. We find Giuliani's  .
Statement: The Las Vegas Sphere displayed a derogatory message directed at President Joe Biden.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 14, 2023
Location: nevada
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) Sphere Entertainment Co. didn’t immediately respond to PolitiFact’s questions about the post, but we found no  that this message was actually displayed in Sin City.  It doesn’t appear in a photo gallery of the sphere’s displays on the Las Vegas Review-Journal’s website, and we didn’t find any news stories reporting that the venue gave the figurative finger to President Joe Biden.   Rather, the Instagram post appears to be a screenshot of a TikTok filter that lets users put their faces–and more–on the sphere.   We rate claims the Sphere venue displayed a derogatory message at Biden .
Statement: Our state has fewer science, technology, engineering and math graduates than any neighboring state.
Speaker: e. gordon gee
About the speaker: E. Gordon Gee is is president of West Virginia University. His current tenure in office began in 2014, but he was first named WVU president in 1981 at age 36 – at the time, among the youngest persons to ever serve as a university president. He led West Virginia University until 1985, then went on to presidencies at the University of Colorado (1985-90), Brown University (1998-2000) and Vanderbilt University (2001-07). He served as president of the Ohio State University from 1990-97 and again from 2007-13. 
Date: March 19, 2019
Location: west virginia
Topics: education;science;technology
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Gee said, "Our state has fewer science, technology, engineering, and math graduates than any neighboring state." He’s right both on the raw numbers and as a percentage of all degrees granted, though measuring by percentage, it’s a pretty close competition. We rate the statement .
Statement: In exchange for five minutes with Bill Clinton, the government of Qatar was going to give $1 million to the Clinton Foundation.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: October 16, 2016
Topics: global news service;foreign policy
Context: comments on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Pence said, "In exchange for five minutes with Bill Clinton, the government of Qatar was going to give $1 million to the Clinton Foundation." The New York Times story shows that Qatar had promised $1 million to the Clinton Foundation for Bill Clinton’s birthday in 2011, and the Qatari ambassador requested five minutes with Bill Clinton to present the check the following year. It’s unclear of the meeting ever took place. We rate Pence’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/74868afb-8f25-47e7-88d8-79eba63ec8ef
Statement: The Democrats propose "a government-controlled health care plan that will deprive roughly 120 million Americans of their current health care coverage.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: May 12, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an e-mail
Fact-check justification: He says the government would "deprive" people of health insurance, when actually the scenario is that they would choose a different option. Even if you believe that an expansive government health care plan would drive private insurers out of business, that still doesn't account for Pence's "deprive" , because the Lewin report he cites is focused on people who have chosen the government plan, not people who were left to the government plan after private options disappeared. Finally, we have to include a caveat about the Lewin Group. The group says it operates with editorial independence, but it is a subsidiary of UnitedHealth Group, which also offers private health insurance. Given all this background and explanation, we rated Pence's statement that the government would "deprive" 120 million people of their "current health care coverage" . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/d3dff281-ba69-4fa7-b09c-de38ed52a748
Statement: The House health care bill pays for "about six years of program with a decade of revenue, with the heaviest costs concentrated in the second five years.
Speaker: wall street journal editorial page
About the speaker: The Wall Street Journal editorial page expresses the views of the newspaper's editorial board. The editorial board "stands for free trade and sound money; against confiscatory taxation and the ukases of kings and other collectivists; and for individual autonomy against dictators, bullies and even the tempers of momentary majorities."
Date: November 2, 2009
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care
Context: an editorial
Fact-check justification: "The CBO has been crystal clear that it reduces the deficit in the out years," he said. The Journal editorial says the House bill "'pays for' about six years of program with a decade of revenue, with the heaviest costs concentrated in the second five years." It's  that the taxes kick in first, before many of the bill's biggest expenses get started. But the editorial doesn't mention that the CBO projects the largest cost savings for the bill's final four years, and that the bill appears to be self-sustaining starting around 2017. So we rate the statement .
Statement: Says the national debt and President Barack Obama's "refusal to control spending led to our nation's credit rating being downgraded for the first time in history.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: August 13, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: deficit;economy;federal budget
Context: a campaign video on his website
Fact-check justification: First, as far as we can tell, the recent downgrades of U.S. debt were historic. Second, Perry is correct that the nation's rising debt level was a major factor in the rating agencies' decision. However, the statement's focus on spending under Obama overlooks the fact that increases also occurred under Bush. And finally, Perry's  ignores the primary factor cited by S&P for its downgrade, the political divisiveness in Washington that has sapped the firm's confidence that the United States will soon reach a consensus on tackling its debt problems. We rate Perry’s statement as .
Statement: The White House "branded" the memorial service for the Tucson shootings with a "Together We Thrive" logo and slogan.
Speaker: michelle malkin
About the speaker: Malkin is a prominent conservative blogger and pundit
Date: January 12, 2011
Location: national
Topics: ethics;pundits
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: But university spokesman Cruz said all of the "stage prop details," as Malkin called them, were entirely conceived by and arranged by the college. The burden of proof is on Malkin and she has failed to prove any White House involvement. She may believe she sees the handiwork of the White House at play, but there's no  to back that up. Certainly not enough to justify her  the White House used the shooting tragedy as an opportunity to orchestrate a "branded" political event. We rate Malkin's  .
Statement: The United States gives $8 million a day to Israel and gives that country a blank check.
Speaker: council for the national interest
About the speaker: The council says its goal is a just resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict. It has complained that the news media devotes more coverage to Israeli deaths rather than Palestinian deaths in Middle East violence. The council says it has about 12,000 members. It is based in McLean, Va.
Date: February 12, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget;israel
Context: a billboard
Fact-check justification: In essence, that’s an accurate estimate. The billboard may leave the impression that there is a blank check to Israel. That’s a matter of interpretation. Our rating: . Staff Writer Karishma Mehrotra contributed to this article.
Statement: American homeownership rate in Q2 2016 was 62.9% - lowest rate in 51yrs.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 30, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;housing
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said homeownership is at its lowest since 1965. The numbers back him up. However, there are some caveats. Some of the decline is due to lifestyle, and not economic, changes. In addition, experts told us the housing market is not in as dire straits as one statistic suggests. On balance, we rate this  .
Statement: George Washington mandated smallpox vaccines for the Continental Army.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 29, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The image claims, "George Washington mandated smallpox vaccines for the Continental Army."  The shorthanded history is basically right. The smallpox vaccine didn’t exist when Washington was commander in chief of the Continental Army, but the point remains: he ordered the inoculation of troops against smallpox by the means that was then available, variolation.  We rate this post .
Statement: Bank of America could create 878,300 jobs with benefits if they spent their 2010 bonuses on job creation.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 24, 2012
Location: national
Topics: financial regulation;jobs;occupy wall street
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post -- and the SEIU report it was almost certainly based on -- incorrectly said that a pot of money consisted of bonuses when it in fact included all forms of compensation for all employees at the company. That made the mathematical calculation meaningless. Using just the company’s investment banking bonuses would create 110,000 jobs costing $40,000 for a year -- only one-eighth the number claimed in the post. We rate the  .
Statement: If a statue of a person in the park on a horse has both front legs in the air, the person died in battle. If the horse has one front leg in the air, the person died as a result of wounds received in battle. If the horse has all four legs on the ground, the person died of natural causes.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 10, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: He consumed "prodigious amounts of drugs" and cherry brandy before his death, according to the BBC . As Snopes has noted , most of Gettysburg’s equestrian statues abide by this alleged horse hoof pattern with James Longstreet being an exception. Still, there are plenty of other statues that buck it. Among them: Simon Bolivar, Andrew Jackson and Stonewall Jackson. We rate this statement as .
Statement: Virginia women are paid 80 cents for every dollar paid to Virginia men.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: March 15, 2022
Location: virginia
Topics: income;jobs;women;workers
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Rounded up, that matches Kaine’s figure. The 80% figure is not a pay comparison of men and women doing the same work. It refers to the median pay of all jobs held by men and all jobs held by women.    Kaine cited the statistic correctly. We rate his tweet .
Statement: The delta variant of the coronavirus "is approximately 19 times less deadly.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 1, 2021
Topics: corrections and updates;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that the delta variant of the coronavirus "is approximately 19 times less deadly." A government report from England indicates that the fatality rate for the delta variant there is 0.1%, compared with 1.9% for the original coronavirus. The difference is a factor of 19. But the agency cautions that it is too soon to make comparisons of the risk of death posed by variants and says the post misinterprets the data.  We rate the post . CORRECTION:  This article was corrected on Sept. 16, 2021, to remove an erroneous paragraph. The paragraph referred to a study in the journal Science; that study was not done on the delta variant but on the alpha variant.
Statement: Here in Pennsylvania, the annual cost for infant childcare is over $10,000 per child, which is more than most families pay in rent and almost the same cost as in-state college tuition.
Speaker: katie mcginty
About the speaker: Katie McGinty is a Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate from Pennsylvania. She is a former secretary of the state Department of Environmental Protection and served as Governor Tom Wolf's chief of staff.
Date: March 8, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: children;families;poverty
Fact-check justification: McGinty said, "Here in Pennsylvania, the annual cost for infant childcare is over $10,000 per child, which is more than most families pay in rent and almost the same cost as in-state college tuition." Average infant childcare costs in Pennsylvania do surpass rent prices, as McGinty accurately states. The questionable portion of this  is the comparison between child care and college tuition and whether these prices are "almost the same." Average college tuition for public colleges in the Keystone state is 20 percent higher -- not the largest difference, but still significant, especially to lower-income families. We rate this  .
Statement: In 2001, former Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan "justified increasing spending and cutting taxes, saying that we didn't really need to pay down the debt.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: February 25, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;taxes
Context: a hearing before Congress
Fact-check justification: His testimony was widely perceived as an endorsement of the tax cuts and received significant press coverage. But Greenspan never suggested that "we didn't really need to pay down the debt." Rather, he clearly said that continuing deficits were not good and that the federal government should practice fiscal discipline. And he reiterated that view in 2005. So we rate Clinton's statement .