chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: We weren't told they wanted more security " for diplomatic facilities in Libya.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 11, 2012
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;terrorism
Context: the vice presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Vice President Biden said, "We weren't told they wanted more security." That statement is accurate only if you define "we" to mean "people at the White House." A State Department officer in Libya said that he requested additional guards and was turned down by at least one other official in the State Department. The White House said Biden meant that the security requests had not been conveyed to him and others in the executive office. It's possible that Biden and Obama were unaware of that request. Still, it was made in the State Department, which is part of the Obama administration. Even if it didn't make its way up through the bureaucracy, a request was made. We rate the statement .
Statement: The U.S. military is at risk of losing its "military superiority" because "our Navy is smaller than it's been since 1917. Our Air Force is smaller and older than any time since 1947.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 16, 2012
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;history;military
Context: Myrtle Beach, S.C
Fact-check justification: This is a great example of a politician using more or less accurate statistics to make a meaningless . Judging by the numbers alone, Romney was close to accurate. In recent years, the number of Navy and Air Force assets has sunk to levels not seen in decades, although the number of ships has risen slightly under Obama. However, a wide range of experts told us it’s  to assume that a decline in the number of ships or aircraft automatically means a weaker military. Quite the contrary: The United States is the world’s unquestioned military leader today, not just because of the number of ships and aircraft in its arsenal but also because each is stocked with top-of-the-line technology and highly trained personnel. Thanks to the development of everything from nuclear weapons to drones, comparing today’s military to that of 60 to 100 years ago presents an egregious comparison of apples and oranges. Today’s military and political leaders face real challenges in determining the right mix of assets to deal with current and future threats, but Romney’s glib suggestion that today’s military posture is in any way similar to that of its predecessors in 1917 or 1947 is preposterous. In addition, Romney appears to be using the statistic as a critique of the current administration, while experts tell us that both draw-downs and buildups of military equipment occur over long periods of time and can't be pegged to one president. Put it all together and you have a statement that, despite being close to accurate in its numbers, uses those numbers in service of a  point. .
Statement: Recent reports state that the U.S. Customs and Border Protection has apprehended several members of known Islamist terrorist organizations crossing the southern border in recent years.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: March 23, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;homeland security;terrorism
Context: a House Oversight Committee National Security Subcommittee hearing
Fact-check justification: DeSantis said, "Recent reports state that the U.S. Customs and Border Protection has apprehended several members of known Islamist terrorist organizations crossing the southern border in recent years." There have been several reported incidents along the U.S.-Mexico border of several agencies encountering people on terrorism watch lists or with ties (or suspected ties) to terrorist groups. There also have been a number of people from countries associated with terror groups stopped by authorities, although that’s not an indication they’re terrorist infiltrators. Experts noted that while border security is always a concern, this issue is far from a pressing crisis. The statement is accurate but needs some clarification about the threat involved. We rate it .
Statement: One of the most troubling aspects of the Rubio-Schumer Gang of Eight bill was that it gave President Obama blanket authority to admit refugees, including Syrian refugees, without mandating any background checks whatsoever.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: December 15, 2015
Location: national
Topics: immigration;foreign policy
Context: Las Vegas
Fact-check justification: Cruz said, "One of the most troubling aspects of the Rubio-Schumer Gang of Eight bill was that it gave President Obama blanket authority to admit refugees, including Syrian refugees, without mandating any background checks whatsoever." The failed 2013 bill did not change the number of refugees, the overall framework of the screening process or give the president authority to admit any group at will. It would have allowed the president to designate certain groups outside the United States as particularly at risk, and other officials to label certain refugees in the United States as having nowhere to go. It further would have repealed the deadline for refugees already here to apply for asylum. Experts said none of the provisions Cruz has previously cited work the way he is warning they would. We rate his statement .
Statement: The CDC may have to stop calling COVID-19 an 'epidemic' due to a remarkably low death rate.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 9, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An article widely shared on Facebook claimed: "The CDC may have to stop calling COVID-19 an ‘epidemic’ due to a remarkably low death rate." The latest CDC statement made public when the Facebook post was made said deaths attributed to COVID-19 decreased from the previous week, but remained at the epidemic threshold, and were likely to increase. Moreover, death rates alone do not define an epidemic. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Barack Obama "endorsed a total ban on the manufacture, sale and possession of all handguns.
Speaker: wayne lapierre
About the speaker: Wayne LaPierre is executive vice president of the National Rifle Association.
Date: February 10, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;guns
Context: a speech at the Conservative Political Action Conference
Fact-check justification: LaPierre said "(Obama) endorsed a total ban on the manufacture, sale and possession of all handguns." Obama’s 1996 campaign for state Senate did endorse a state-level ban, on a questionnaire from which he has since distanced himself. He never suggested such a law in office, and later questionnaires showed a more nuanced approach, as have his more recent statements on gun control, including those during his time in the U.S. Senate and as president. In fact, his gun-control agenda has earned him failing grades from a prominent gun-control advocacy group. We can’t rule on a shadowy conspiracy to destroy the Constitution in Obama’s second term. But we can say that LaPierre’s  that Obama endorsed a total ban on handguns contains a small element of  (a typewritten "yes" on a long-ago questionnaire about a state ban) but ignores critical facts — that is, Obama's statements and record — that would give a different impression. That's our definition of .
Statement: Says his policy is that "health insurance should always cover preexisting conditions. For anyone. Period.
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: August 18, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: national;health care
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Perdue said that his policy is that "health insurance should always cover preexisting conditions. For anyone. Period." Perdue opposes the Affordable Care Act and weighed in on the side of short-term health plans that lack some of the ACA’s strong protections for people with preexisting conditions. Perdue’s bill to maintain those protections contains loopholes that insurance companies could use to avoid covering certain conditions. Perdue’s promise is sweeping and absolute. The policies he has backed offer some limited protections, but don’t match that promise. We rate this  .
Statement: I authorized Zero access to White House (actually turned him down many times) for author of phony book! I never spoke to him for book.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 4, 2018
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;transparency
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "I authorized Zero access to White House (actually turned him down many times) for author of phony book! I never spoke to him for book." The president may not have personally authorized it, but Wolff had more than a dozen interactions with officials at the White House, according to Trump’s own press secretary. Press corps members also spotted Wolff at the White House on multiple occasions. Sanders also said Wolff and Trump spoke by phone for "five to seven minutes" after Trump became president, which contradicts Trump’s artful phrasing as to their communication. We rate this statement .
Statement: 449,000 Californians turned down jury duty because they were not citizens… but they were registered voters.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 2, 2019
Topics: immigration;elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Since the DMV started automatically registering people to vote in April 2018, it acknowledged making 105,000 processing errors out of more than 2.4 million, according to a January Sacramento Bee story , and at least one noncitizen came forward to say he was improperly added to the voter rolls. But that doesn’t mean that 105,000 noncitizens cast ballots. Sam Mahood, with the secretary of state’s office, told us he doesn’t know of any recent convictions for noncitizens registering to vote.   It’s also a far cry from the Facebook post’s : that 449,000 noncitizens were registered voters who had also been summoned for jury duty and turned it down.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says television host Steve Harvey authored a pro-Trump rant about raccoons and exterminators.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 24, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Steve Harvey posted it on his Facebook page. His post was shared over 160,000 times. At some point, the TV host’s photo was attached to the rant. The rest is celebrity misattribution history.   We rate it .
Statement: Says "43 of Joe's legislative proposals have become law, including 21 since President Trump took office.
Speaker: joe donnelly
About the speaker: Donnelly is a Democratic Congressman representing the Second District of Indiana. He is running for U.S. Senate in 2012.
Date: August 8, 2018
Location: national
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Donnelly’s campaign said, "43 of Joe’s legislative proposals have become law, including 21 since President Trump took office." None of those were the bills he sponsored on his own that became law. But in a gridlocked Congress, that’s not unusual for a senator in the minority. Instead, Donnelly co-sponsored bills, wrote amendments and crafted language that made its way into 43 laws during his single Senate term. We rate this statement .
Statement: 20 percent of the time (smart guns) won't work.
Speaker: larry pratt
About the speaker: Larry Pratt has been executive director of Gun Owners of America for over 30 years, according to the group.
Date: May 6, 2014
Topics: technology;punditfact;guns
Context: with Chris Hayes'
Fact-check justification: Pratt said "20 percent of the time (smart guns) won't work," which he got from a 2003 magazine story referencing unpublished research from the New Jersey Institute of Technology. The scientists who conducted that research say Pratt’s citation is misapplied. Researchers only looked at smart guns that rely on fingerprint sensors, yet Pratt applied the statistic to all smart guns, including the Armatix pistol that works with a black stopwatch, PIN code and small electronic chips. Even more, their research is more than a decade old, and they say fingerprint matching technology has changed since then. Pratt’s statement is not based on solid . We rate his statement .
Statement: State budget cuts for local schools resulted in "nearly 4,000 educator layoffs
Speaker: wisconsin education association council
About the speaker: WEAC, the Wisconsin Education Association Council, is the state's largest teachers union. It also represents education support staff and some university employees.
Date: November 15, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: So, the 4,000 figure is debatable even if you accept the union’s logic. Our conclusion WEAC, the state’s largest teachers union, calls the school staffing losses layoffs, putting the number at 4,000. That shorthand is very  given that layoffs were only a fraction of the job losses. Even if you grant that a significant number of retirements were a form of indirect layoff, it’s  to lump all the departing staffers under that banner. We rate the union’s  .
Statement: The proposed education changes "will not cut one teacher's pay.
Speaker: florida chamber of commerce
About the speaker: The Florida Chamber of Commerce is a business group that is supporting a series of proposed education reforms that would tie teacher pay increases to student performance.
Date: April 2, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a television advertisement
Fact-check justification: To recap: In its attempt to promote SB 6 and HB 7189, the Florida Chamber of Commerce notes that the education reforms tying teacher pay increases to student performance will not "cut one teacher's pay." The chamber is right that there's nothing in the education bills that cuts teachers' pay. But teacher salaries could fluctuate in the new performance pay system when compared with the system currently in place. And there is a fear among school district administrators that the cost to implement the SB 6/HB 7189 changes might result in less money to be directed to teacher salaries. As such, we rate the Florida Chamber of Commerce statement .
Statement: We have a record 9.3 million job openings in the U.S.
Speaker: glenn grothman
About the speaker: Republican Glenn Grothman, of the Town of Glenbeulah in Sheboygan County, was first elected to Congress in 2014 after serving 21 years in the Wisconsin Legislature. He represents the 6th Congressional District in east-central Wisconsin that includes all or parts of Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Fond du Lac, Dodge, Winnebago, Columbia, Green Lake, Marquette and Waushara counties.  
 
Date: June 8, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs;workers
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: To be sure, the numbers are from April, and the picture may have changed somewhat in May and June. But Grothman is relying on the latest numbers, and can’t be faulted for using them. Our ruling  Grothman said in a tweet there were 9.3 million jobs open across the country.   As eye-popping as the number is, the most recent numbers from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, for April, show that is accurate. We rate his  .
Statement: Says CNN's Anderson Cooper stood in a ditch during Hurricane Florence to exaggerate water levels.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 16, 2018
Topics: fake news;weather;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: This photo comes from 2008 coverage of Hurricane Ike. Cooper repeatedly shows the range of water depth in the liveshot and is not on his knees or in a ditch. Because the photo is from 2008, the liveshot was not taken to "make @realDonaldTrump look bad." We rate this  .
Statement: My "border security efforts have led to a 60 percent decrease in border crime.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: March 10, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: crime
Context: a Web post
Fact-check justification: The calculation he touts doesn't consider crimes committed in cities and towns where most border residents live. It also compared two calendar quarters rather than weighing years' worth of data. Crime may have temporarily subsided in some rural areas of the border region. However, it's not clear how much of any decline can be traced to the state's investment in security. We rate Perry's sweeping statement based on an unreasonable manipulation of crime statistics -- the second instance of his administration touting questionable border crime numbers -- as .
Statement: Says he said last year there's "absolutely no reason" for Texas to secede.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: April 15, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: history;states
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: In looking back at his 2009 comments, Perry told Smith that at the time he was focusing on economics -- "people’s concern and anger about what this administration is doing from an economic standpoint in particular and the long-term debt that was being created for not only them but for future generations." All in all, does Perry accurately revisit his original comments on secession that day? For the most part, yes. However Perry doesn't get to his assertion that Texas has the right to secede or his speculation about "who knows what may come" from people angry about actions in Washington. We rate Perry’s statement as .
Statement: Obama said troops "whine about bearing the costs" of going to war.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: April 9, 2010
Location: national
Topics: military;veterans
Context: chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: That's why you're here today. That's what you represent." The chain e-mail that purports to be Obama's comments on troops is maliciously . But it's not the first time we've seen satire re-purposed for a chain e-mail , and it probably won't be the last. We rate this one !
Statement: Most" of the newspapers that endorsed Alex Sink also endorsed Barack Obama.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: October 25, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: elections;pundits
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Sink said that she received the endorsements of 16 Florida newspapers: "Every single newspaper that has endorsed has endorsed my candidacy, because they know that I have the character and the integrity, and they also know that I have the business plan, that I'm a fiscal conservative to carry our state forward in a matter that all Floridians can be proud of." Later in the debate, Scott jeered back: "You talked about your endorsements by the newspapers.   Absolutely, most of them endorsed Barack Obama. You're an Obama liberal. That's exactly why they're endorsing you."