chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: President Barack Obama (is) the first president in history to cut Medicare by $700 billion.
Speaker: ohio republican party
About the speaker: Statewide organization for Ohio's Republicans.
Date: October 19, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: an election flier
Fact-check justification: Those savings were credited to the health care law to keep it from adding to the deficit. What the law does not do, as the  implies, is chop $700 billion that was already allocated to Medicare for its programs.. One other point worth noting: The changes that lead to the projected savings are a result of legislation that was approved by both houses of Congress and signed into law by Obama -- not as a result of an executive order or decision Obama made individually in his administration. Those are important details that give context to the statement. On the -O-Meter, the Ohio Republican Party’s  rates .
Statement: The richest 400 taxpayers are taxed at a lower rate than a $29,000-a-year worker
Speaker: sheldon whitehouse
About the speaker: Sheldon Whitehouse is a Democratic U.S. Senator from Rhode Island.
Date: February 13, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: income;taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Although IRS spokeswoman Peggy Riley said those taxes are not factored into the IRS analysis, we understand the point of including them because the Social Security tax, in particular, has a significant impact on low- and middle-income people. According to calculations by Whitehouse’s office -- which match our own -- when you include Social Security and Medicare taxes, the effective tax rate for the wealthiest 400 Americans would have been 16.72 percent in 2007; the tax rate for a worker earning $29,000 a year would have been 16.79 percent. In short, Whitehouse accurately reported the IRS's most recent summary of its top 400 tax filers, even if he incorrectly cited the year of the report. When we audited his suggestion that the super-rich pay a lower rate than someone making just $29,000, we concluded he's right if you include all payroll taxes, but off by about $40,000 if you only consider income tax, as the IRS report does. We rate his statement as .
Statement: Farouk is on fire.
Speaker: j. xavier
About the speaker: J. Xavier is a hip hop artist from Houston.
Date: March 1, 2010
Location: texas
Context: a song for Farouk Shami's gubernatorial campaign
Fact-check justification: The Chronicle later pointed out that Shami could fire his employees, some of whom quit rather than be fired. We couldn't reach Shami to gauge if he was ever truly "on fire." But seeing as we've previously rated a Shami statement as , he definitely was en fuego here. So, we must rate J. Xavier's statement as . And we wish you a happy April Fools' Day.
Statement: The Tax Foundation figures Rhode Island as the 10th highest state for state and local tax burden per capita in the country. We're the 6th worst in the country for the business tax index. We're the 3rd highest per capita in the country for all taxes.
Speaker: peter palumbo
About the speaker: Peter Palumbo was a Rhode Island state representative whose district included Cranston. He served in the legislature from 1994 until he was defeated for reelection in 2014. Prior to that he was a Cranston City Councilman for five years.
Date: October 5, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;small business;taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Palumbo spoke with authority, cited specific numbers from a specific source and gave the impression that the numbers were both correct and current. His overall point -- that Rhode Islanders are taxed well above the national average -- is supported by the Tax Foundation's rankings. But he misread the Tax Foundation report in one -- and possibly two -- of the rankings. And those numbers don't accurately reflect Foundation data that have been available at least since the end of March. As a result, we rate his statement as  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Terrorism and terrorist attacks in the United States and Europe have "gotten to a point where it's not even being reported.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 6, 2017
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: Tampa, Fla
Fact-check justification: Trump said that terrorism and terrorist attacks in the United States and Europe have "gotten to a point where it's not even being reported." We found no support for the idea that the media is hushing up terrorist attacks on U.S. or European soil. The media may sometimes be cautious about assigning religious motivation to a terrorist attack when the facts are unclear or still being investigated. But that’s not the same as covering them up through lack of coverage. There is plenty of coverage of in the American media of terrorist attacks. We rate the statement ! https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/b82d39fc-cb0f-4459-b7fa-88831caa85c7
Statement: Thanks to the strong charter school reforms put in place while I was Senate President" the online charter school ECOT "was caught and is out of business.
Speaker: keith faber
About the speaker: State Rep. Keith Faber is running for state auditor in 2018. His hometown is Celina, in western Ohio.
Date: May 11, 2018
Location: ohio
Topics: education
Context: a statement to the press
Fact-check justification: Faber said, "Thanks to the strong charter school reforms put in place while I was Senate President" the online charter school ECOT "was caught and is out of business." Faber was referring to House Bill 2, which passed in 2015 and required online schools to keep accurate and accessible attendance records. But Faber is overstating credit by hanging the demise of the school on that bill. The key change that led to the school shutting down was when the education department decided to require e-schools to provide student log-in data. This showed that that the school couldn’t account for many of its supposed students, leading the state to conclude the school owed $80 million. Faber doesn’t get credit for that. The only kernel of  here is that the bill that passed under his leadership was another affirmation by the state that e-schools had to provide attendance data. We rate this  . You may not realize this, but as a nonprofit news organization, we depend on — and answer to — you. Your support directly impacts our abilility to provide objective reporting on issues that matter. Donate to our Spring Campaign. Go on the record as saying facts matter!
Statement: CDC announces that students may be kept from parents overnight as Ohio sets up COVID-19 FEMA camps.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 9, 2020
Location: ohio
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "There’s no substance behind it. "   FEMA money has reimbursed the state for the costs of housing some hospital workers in hotels so they wouldn’t expose vulnerable family members to COVID-19, DeWine said. But claims that families would be forcibly separated because of the coronavirus are "absolutely ," he said. "There is no intention to separate children." We rate this Instagram post .
Statement: 6 states will cast their (electoral) votes for Trump AND for Biden," which will lead to a second Trump term.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 15, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post says that "6 states will cast their (electoral) votes for Trump AND for Biden," which will lead to a second Trump term.  Although unofficial shadow electors did meet to cast votes for Trump in these states, these votes have no legal standing and do not qualify as certified electoral votes.  The conditional electoral votes cast by these uncertified electors would only come into play if courts attempted to throw out the officially-cast electoral votes, and courts across the nation have repeatedly affirmed the legitimacy of Biden’s win in these states.  This post is . ​
Statement: Says Gov. Scott Walker signed abortion, sex education and discrimination bills "in secret.
Speaker: kathleen falk
About the speaker: Kathleen Falk, a Wisconsin Democrat, lost a bid in 2012 for the Democratic nomination to run against Gov. Scott Walker in a recall election. Falk served as the Dane County executive from 1997 to 2011. She ran unsuccessfully for governor in 2002 and for state attorney general in 2006.
Date: April 6, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: transparency;women
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: But although Walker sought to quietly approve these bills -- that’s his prerogative. The timing was only partially in his control, and it’s not unusual to sign big batches of bills out of direct public view, for practical reasons or political ones. We think it’s a stretch to call it "secret" when the signing will ultimately become public -- and when it was announced in a news release. In short, we think there’s an element of  to Falk’s  but it ignores critical facts that could give a different impression. That’s our definition of .
Statement: Says the NC elections board received "no calls" after alerting Bladen County voters to possible absentee ballot fraud.
Speaker: dallas woodhouse
About the speaker: Dallas Woodhouse is the executive director of the North Carolina Republican Party.
Date: January 17, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: That’s not the case. We rate this  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] .
Statement: President Putin bans mandatory vaccinations in Russia.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 7, 2021
Topics: government regulation;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: President Vladimir Putin keeps saying vaccines should not be mandatory, the effect for many Russians is just that." The Associated Press reported from Moscow in June that 18 Russian regions made vaccinations mandatory for employees in certain sectors, such as government offices, retail, health care, education, restaurants and other service industries; and that Moscow authorities said companies should suspend without pay employees unwilling to get vaccinated. Also in June, Reuters reported that Moscow city authorities ordered mandatory vaccinations for all workers with public-facing jobs — some 2 million people in the city, including hairdressers, retailers, taxi drivers, bank tellers, teachers and performers. Companies were given a month to ensure at least 60% of staff had received first doses, or face fines or temporary closure. We rate the post .
Statement: Says "Every year air pollution protections are delayed, another 34,000 people will die prematurely.
Speaker: earl blumenauer
About the speaker: Earl Blumenauer is the Democratic representative for Oregon's 3rd Congressional District. He was elected to the US House of Representatives in 1996. He started in politics in the Oregon Legislature in 1972, where he served three terms. In 1978, he was elected to the Multnomah County Board of Commissioners, where he served for eight years before being elected to the Portland City Council in 1986. He was a city commissioner for 10 years.
Date: September 23, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: environment;government regulation;public health
Context: a House floor speech
Fact-check justification: We find that Blumenauer was on solid ground. But he also  cherry-picked the highest death number rather than using the range of 13,000 to 34,000 additional deaths. While that omission does not change the conclusion that air pollution is bad for public health, it could exaggerate the problem. For that reason, we rate this : . Return to OregonLive.com/politics to comment on this PolitiFact/Oregon ruling .
Statement: Photo that shows COVID-19 test swabs labeled positive and negative proves that the tests are fixed.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: April 25, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post suggests that COVID-19 tests are fixed because a photo shows two packages of antigen testing kits with the labels "positive control swab" and "negative control swab." This is a misinterpretation of the labels. Positive and negative control swabs are routinely included in testing kits for quality control — to ensure that the test is working correctly — not for patient testing. We rate it .
Statement: Says Joe Biden's IRS reform proposals "would require banks and credit unions to hand over private information about routine transactions to the IRS.
Speaker: bryan steil
About the speaker: Bryan Steil, R-Janesville was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2018. 
Date: September 24, 2021
Location: national
Topics: economy;income;privacy issues;wisconsin
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Steil said Biden's IRS reform proposals "would require banks and credit unions to hand over private information about routine transactions to the IRS." An initial proposal does include a $600 threshold, and shifted the burden to banks. That was dropped by Democrats amid outcry from banks -- something not acknowledged in Steil’s tweet. Likewise, the  suggests every transaction will be reported, when the proposal calls for a higher-level summary. For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression our rating is .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama once said, "The American dream is to be Donald Trump
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 2, 2019
Topics: fake news;wealth;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims in 1991 Obama said that "the American dream is to be Donald Trump." Obama did mention Trump in a Harvard paper that he co-wrote with a friend. But the passage says "I may not be Donald Trump now, but just you wait; if I don't make it, my children will," referring to Trump as an example of Americans’ expectations that they will be financially secure in the future. So, yes Obama did refer to Trump as a financially stable person, but he never said or wrote the words that are being attributed to him on social media. The quote is , exaggerated and taken out of context. We rate it .
Statement: 55,000 years ago the world was 2 degrees warmer Celsius than it is today.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 12, 2022
Topics: climate change;science;weather;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A video circulating on Facebook showed Peña saying Antarctic ice cores show the Earth was 2 degrees Celsius warmer 55,000 years ago. Scientific research looking at the Southern and Northern hemispheres shows that assertion is . Although the planet’s temperatures have fluctuated over billions of years, research published in 2016 shows the Antarctic was 6.9°C colder compared with 2006, the most recent year for which ice core data has been collected. We rate this  .
Statement: Between June 30 and July 10, CNN interviewed "17 Israeli public officials versus one" Palestinian official.
Speaker: rula jebreal
About the speaker: Rula Jebreal is a Palestinian journalist who emerged as a Middle Eastern voice in Western media after sharing her experiences about growing up in the West Bank and reporting in Egypt during the Arab Spring,
Date: July 22, 2014
Topics: israel;foreign policy;punditfact
Context: comments on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Jebreal said, on CNN "this time around, you have, between June 30 and July 10, you had 17 Israeli public officials vs. one" Palestinian public official. She is referencing a preliminary tally of Israeli and Palestinian officials’ voices during that time by a pro-Palestinian media watcher. Our tally confirms there was a disparity, but it was not quite as lopsided as Jebreal said. We found 20 appearances by Israeli public officials on CNN compared to 5 appearances by Palestinian officials. Also, the tally is measuring appearances, not the number of officials from each side who appeared. And it's worth noting that any look at the media coverage is incomplete because the story is continuing to unfold. Because of those caveats, we rate Jebreal’s  .
Statement: 40% of the folks who have student loans do not have a college diploma, four-year diploma. These are people who are truck drivers and who are nail technicians and nurses' aides.
Speaker: elizabeth warren
About the speaker: Elizabeth Warren is a senator from Massachusetts. Warren was elected to the Senate in 2012 and was re-elected in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024. Warren received a bachelor’s degree in speech pathology and audiology from the University of Houston and a J.D. from Rutgers Law School. In 2019, she announced her race for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 5, 2020.
Date: August 28, 2022
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Warren said that "40% of the folks who have student loans do not have a college diploma, four-year diploma. These are people who are truck drivers and who are nail technicians and nurses’ aides." The data on borrowers and the degrees they hold are imperfect, but they support Warren’s statistic. Some of the data suggests she underestimated the number, which could be as high as 60%. As for the types of jobs touched by Biden’s plan, a sizable percentage of people took on student debt to attend non-college degree programs in cosmetology and nursing and health care. Truck drivers are less numerous, but they are still  among the borrowers.  We rate this statement .
Statement: The United Nations has conducted "172 successful peacekeeping missions and negotiations.
Speaker: van jones
About the speaker: Van Jones is a host of CNN's Crossfire. A former environmental and human rights activist, Jones in 2009, served as the "green jobs" adviser to President Barack Obama. He is the author of two New York Times best-selling books, The Green Collar Economy (2008) and Rebuild the Dream (2012).
 
Date: September 10, 2013
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military;pundits
Context: a discussion on CNN's "Crossfire"
Fact-check justification: Jones said the United Nations has conducted "172 successful peacekeeping missions and negotiations." His  comes from a U.N. document, though one that is eight years old and that referred to a somewhat different metric. U.N. officials say there’s no way of knowing the correct number today, but the 2005 figure, combined with other data that is up to date, suggests that 172 is a reasonable approximation. We rate the  .
Statement: Photo shows Chris Wallace and Jeffrey Epstein on Epstein's private island.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 1, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "He’s a heck of a nice guy," Wallace said in the interview, later adding, "He’s liberal … and we don’t always agree on the issues, but we can disagree agreeably. "  More photos from that trip can be seen here and here . Jeffrey Epstein is not pictured, nor is he mentioned in news coverage. Because he wasn’t there. We rate these posts !
Statement: We're experiencing a net outflow of illegal, undocumented workers from America back to Mexico.
Speaker: ron kind
About the speaker: Democrat Ron Kind has represented Wisconsin's third congressional district since 1996.
Date: February 16, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: The overall number of illegal immigrants in the United States — from all countries of origin — held steady from 2009 to 2014 at around 11 million, Pew estimates. In 2014, the Border Patrol apprehended more non-Mexicans than Mexicans for the first time in at least 60 years, Pew reported. Mexicans still accounted for about 52% of illegal immigration in 2014, though. Our rating Kind said more unauthorized Mexican immigrants are returning to Mexico than coming into the U.S. Immigration data gathered by a respected group shows that is an accurate synopsis of the trend since 2007. We rate Kind’s statement .
Statement: Sarah Eckhardt "refused to take her own pay increases repeatedly.
Speaker: changeaustin.org
About the speaker: ChangeAustin.org, a political action committee founded in 2008, describes itself as "dedicated to bringing ordinary voters of all persuasions and Austin’s local businesses to City Hall to demand fiscal restraint, open government, and that growth should pay for itself.   In essence, we are about building a cross-partisan movement for political reform."
Date: February 26, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;county budget;county government
Context: an email blast
Fact-check justification: ChangeAustin.org said that as a Travis County commissioner, Eckhardt "refused to take her own pay increases repeatedly." In two fiscal years, 2008 and 2013, Eckhardt completely declined pay raises, while in fiscal 2009 and 2011, she accepted percentage raises equal to the percentage hikes approved for all commissioners, though Eckhardt's pay did not catch up to the highest level she could have reached. We see this  as partly accurate and rate it .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.