chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In 2017, we had more marijuana possession arrests in our country than all other violent crimes combined.
Speaker: cory booker
About the speaker: Cory Booker is a senator from New Jersey. He was first elected to the Senate in 2013, making him the first African-American senator from New Jersey and the first African-American elected to the Senate since Barack Obama in 2004. Booker served as mayor of Newark from 2006 until 2013. He has a bachelor's degree in political science and a master’s degree in sociology from Stanford University, an honors degree in United States history from The Queens College as a Rhodes Scholar and a J.D. from Yale Law School. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and suspended his campaign in January 2020.
Date: July 5, 2019
Location: national
Topics: drugs;crime
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Booker said, "In 2017, we had more marijuana possession arrests in our country than all other violent crimes combined." FBI figures show 599,282 arrests nationwide for possession of marijuana and 518,617 arrests for violent crimes, which include murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, rape, robbery and aggravated assault. We rate Booker’s statement .
Statement: We have provided at least 16 tax cuts to small businesses.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 6, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;small business;taxes
Context: a Twitter town hall
Fact-check justification: And with some, like the excise taxes on tanning beds, one could argue it is a tax on the customer, not the small business. As for allowing the Bush tax cuts to expire at the end of 2012, that's still just an Obama proposal; it hasn't happened. The only policy actually signed by the president so far was a compromise agreement that extended the tax cuts. On balance, we rated Wasserman Schultz's comment . Because Obama’s comment is substantially similar, we also rate his comment .
Statement: Facebook has unveiled new rules to stop their users from creating posts related in any way to religion.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 28, 2015
Location: national
Topics: religion;technology
Context: posts on social media
Fact-check justification: A recent article claims that Facebook plans to institute a ban on all user-generated posts related to religion. However, the article comes from the National Report, a satirical website. It is not factual and was never intended to be. We rate the  .
Statement: Nancy Pelosi said, "if you accept a check from Trump, you might as well vote for him.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 15, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .)   But searching for the quote online, we found no reports of Pelosi saying that. We also reviewed the Nexis news archive and didn’t find any instances of anyone making that statement. The Facebook post gives a different impression.   We rate it .
Statement: Full marriage equality [would provide same-sex couples] with about 1,700 rights.
Speaker: bill fischer
About the speaker: Bill Fischer is a lobbyist and has been a spokesman for various organizations, including Marriage Equality Rhode Island, a gay advocacy group.
Date: April 5, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: civil rights;lgbtq;marriage
Context: a Providence Journal story
Fact-check justification: Clearly, couples in a traditional marriage have benefits -- both significant and obscure -- that same-sex couples in a civil union or other arrangement do not. And even our spot-check of 45 statutes confirmed that in the majority of laws we checked. But when numbers like these are thrown around, we expect advocates to have more to back them up than a rudimentary word search that fails to say what right or benefit might be at stake. The assertion that federal law denies gay couples 1,100 federal and 600 state rights has not been proven because the technique used to reach the  produced an unreliable total. For that reason, we rate Fischer's   .
Statement: The poverty level in" the Dallas school district "is one of the highest in the country, higher than New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Houston, Detroit and Newark.
Speaker: dan micciche
About the speaker: Dan Micciche, an attorney, is a member of the Dallas school board.
Date: November 4, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: education;poverty
Context: the Dallas Morning News
Fact-check justification: Micciche said the poverty level in the Dallas school district "is one of the highest in the country, higher than New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Houston, Detroit and Newark." The poverty level is among the highest, though it looks like a greater share of Detroit students was living at or below poverty in 2010 and data collected by the federal government suggests that as of October 2010, the Dallas district was tied with the considerably smaller Newark district with nearly nine in 10 students eligible for free- or reduced-price meals. Then again, a more recent survey of school districts indicates Dallas had the greatest share of students qualified for the meal programs that year. We rate this  as .
Statement: Says Gov. John  Kasich incorrectly claimed Ohio's economy was 38th in the nation when he took office. "We were sixth in the nation in terms of economic job growth.
Speaker: ted strickland
About the speaker: Ted Strickland was governor of Ohio from 2007 through 2010. He lost his bid for re-election in 2010 to Republican John Kasich.
Date: October 17, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: So Strickland’s statement that Kasich "was not telling the " was itself . And the statistic Strickland cites to support his  that Ohio actually ranked sixth in economic job growth is misportrayed. That statistic from Reed Construction Data refers to "recent economic performance," not "economic job growth," as Strickland said on CNN. It also examines a narrow three month period of time during 2010 - not the full four years of Strickand’s administration that Kasich’s speech referenced. On the -O-Meter, Strickland’s  rates .
Statement: Marco Rubio made it clear: Not only does he think Donald Trump is a con man, he went on to say he doesn't trust Donald Trump with the nuclear codes.
Speaker: patrick murphy
About the speaker: Patrick Murphy won his first seat in 2012 for the U.S. House of Representatives representing District 18 in Florida. Murphy lost a U.S. Senate race against Marco Rubio in 2016. 
Date: October 17, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Orlando
Fact-check justification: Murphy said Rubio "made it clear, not only does he think Donald Trump is a con man, he went on to say he doesn't trust Donald Trump with the nuclear codes." Transcripts and Rubio himself confirm this . Rubio even told Monday’s debate crowd he still doesn’t trust Trump with the nuclear codes — he just distrusts Clinton more. We rate Murphy’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/6d61d798-0c97-4f59-b5c8-71091f7d51c6
Statement: Says New Jersey Rep. Leonard Lance voted repeatedly "to let insurance companies charge more to people aged 50 and over.
Speaker: tom malinowski
About the speaker: Democrat Tom Malinowski, a former State Department official, is running in New Jersey's 7th Congressional District.
Date: October 3, 2018
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Malinowski’s ad said that Lance voted repeatedly "to let insurance companies charge more to people aged 50 and over." The ad contains elements of  but leaves out important facts: The ACA already allows insurance companies to charge older customers more — just not as much more as they did before. New Jersey limited those differences already, just not as much as the ACA. The congressional bills to change or eliminate the ACA would not have affected people on employer plans or Medicare. These factors matter. We rate the  .
Statement: Gov. Rick Scott cut the cost of prepaid college tuition by nearly $20,000.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: June 17, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A TV ad by the Republican Party of Florida stated "Gov. Rick Scott cut the cost of prepaid college tuition by nearly $20,000." That figure comes from a projection by the prepaid college tuition board which anticipates that a newborn’s lump-sum plan will decline by that amount.   An earlier analysis of the bill placed a more conservative estimate of "at least $10,000" but that did not fully reflect the changes approved by the Legislature to lower the costs. The main caveat here is that Scott doesn’t get full credit: the Legislature signed off on the bill, too. We rate this  .
Statement: Says people shouldn't make birthday donations on Facebook because the organization can claim the donation as a tax write-off, and only has to deliver 15% of the donation to the charity organization.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 3, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post tells people not to donate to nonprofits via Facebook’s birthday fundraiser feature, claiming the company can  the donation as a tax write-off, and only has to deliver 15% of the donation to the organization. This is not accurate. Facebook is a donation platform and told us it doesn’t  users donations, nor does it only deliver 15% of each contribution. It charges a 2.6% payment processing fee on personal fundraisers –– not nonprofits –– and eliminated a 5% transaction fee on donations to nonprofit organizations in 2017. We rate this post .
Statement: NASA Has Just Confirmed Earth Has A New Moon
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 29, 2018
Topics: fake news;space;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Slate’s headline hinted that details matter: Another Moon for Earth? Well, Not Really, but It Depends on Your Point of View. Gizmodo also explained the nuances in a story headlined: Earth's New 'Quasi' Moon Will Stick Around for Centuries . NASA has not confirmed that Earth has a new moon, as smartmindmag.com claimed. We rate the  .
Statement: Says six studies verify that the math adds up for Mitt Romney's tax plan.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: October 11, 2012
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: the vice presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Ryan said that six studies verify that the numbers in the Romney tax plan add up. Hearing that, you might think that each is independent research. But not all studies are created equal and these come from people or groups with ties to Romney. Two of those studies come from Feldstein, a Romney campaign adviser. Three come from conservative think tanks, the Heritage Foundation and American Enterprise Institute, which have analysts who advise the Romney campaign. While every analyst would insist that they make their own judgments, the Tax Policy Center is fully independent of the Obama campaign. The studies from Feldstein and Rosen use 2009 data. That was an abnormal year and one that made it easier to make the math work for the Romney plan. The analysts could have chosen other years but decided not to. Of the studies that examine the middle class tax burden, none shows conclusively that households making less than $200,000 would be spared a tax increase. That is a group of taxpayers that Romney defines as middle class and says he would protect. None of the studies can accurately model Romney’s tax plan because he has said so little about how he would pay for it. As a result, all of them make assumptions as to what tax breaks might be reduced. They can speak in rough terms about a concept, but they can not verify a plan when no detailed plan exists. We see no more than one fully independent study out of the six claimed. We rate the statement .
Statement: Our government has spent $2.6 million to teach Chinese prostitutes how to drink responsibly.
Speaker: judson phillips
About the speaker: Judson Phillips is founder and chief executive of Tea Party Nation.
Date: July 27, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: a "Washington Post" opinion piece
Fact-check justification: Nor did Phillips assign responsibility for funding it to any particular party (though earlier in the article, he referred to the "Obama-Pelosi-Reid axis of fiscal evil"). However, Phillips does distort the purpose of the grant. And while some may question the actual purpose of the grant, it was awarded by the National Institutes for Health based on its own internal review process and was determined to be within the institution's mission and priorities. There is an alcohol intervention aspect to the project, but the larger purpose is HIV study and prevention. We rate the  .
Statement: The cancellation of the Keystone XL pipeline by Joe Biden "killed hundreds of jobs, sent gas prices way up.
Speaker: tim michels
About the speaker: Timothy J. Michels is an American politician and businessman from Brownsville, Wisconsin. He co-owns and co-manages Michels Corporation, a family-owned and operated construction company. A member of the Republican Party, Michels is a candidate in the 2022 Wisconsin gubernatorial election. Michels won the GOP primary for governor on August 9, 2022.
Date: June 23, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: energy;gas prices;jobs
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Michels claimed that by canceling the Keystone XL pipeline, "Biden killed hundreds of jobs (and) sent gas prices way up." He has a point on the loss of jobs, but left out the fact that all but 35 would be temporary. He’s way off the mark, though, on the impact of the decision on today’s gas prices. Even if it had not been canceled, the pipeline would not be finished today. And if it were, its presence would have a negligible impact on the global oil market. Our definition for  is "the statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression." That’s what we rate this .
Statement: Says Joe Biden and Democrats "have done absolutely nothing to help families struggling to keep up with inflation.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: July 30, 2021
Location: national
Topics: economy;families
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Scott said Biden and the Democrats had "done absolutely nothing to help families struggling to keep up with inflation." A credible estimate from the Tax Policy Center finds that the American Rescue Plan Act will raise the average after-tax income by 3.8%, with low- and moderate-income households gaining the most.  We don’t know how the prices of basics like food, gas and clothing will change over the coming months, or how the current influx of government spending will affect inflation rates. But the law backed by Biden and the Democrats will give Americans more money to help cover their bills. We rate this  .
Statement: Electrolux, Sweden's largest appliance maker, has just abandoned a $250 million investment in the United States because of the steel tariffs. That is retaliation.
Speaker: stuart varney
About the speaker: Stuart Varney is a British business journalist and is the host of Varney and Company.
Date: March 2, 2018
Topics: trade;punditfact
Context: an interview on "Fox and Friends"
Fact-check justification: Varney said that Electrolux had abandoned a $250 million investment in an American plant in "retaliation" for steel tariffs announced by Trump. The statement errs on two points. Electrolux said it had put its plans on hold until it better understood the impact on the price of steel, a key input in the home appliances it makes. Trade experts said that pause is a business decision, not retaliation. In trade, retaliation is the province of governments that might choose to slap their own tariffs on another country’s goods to get even for new tariffs their companies face. Electrolux did put its investment on hold, but beyond that basic fact, Varney was off the mark. We rate this  .
Statement: Raising the federal minimum wage to $15 "would give more than 40 million low-wage workers a raise, more than 25 percent of the U.S. workforce.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: February 26, 2019
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;workers
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that raising the federal minimum wage to $15 "would give more than 40 million low-wage workers a raise, more than 25 percent of the U.S. workforce." That sticks closely to the top-line findings of a study by the Economic Policy Institute, a liberal group. Still, it’s important to note that the study assumed no change in unemployment. That’s a big assumption, and one that is not certain to pan out. We rate the statement .
Statement: A 13-year-old girl "is now in critical care in the hospital here in Halifax because her heart stopped right after she had a vaccine.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 25, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: PolitiFact reached out to Nova Scotia Public Health to see if anything had changed in the days after Strang addressed the claims made in the video. "We are aware of this video," said Marla McInnis, a spokesperson for the province’s department of health and wellness. "To date, there has been no report to Public Health, EHS or IWK about this incident. Misinformation like this can be very harmful and is very concerning to all of us." Because there is no  to support the video’s , we rate it .
Statement: Democrats in the 1930s wanted President Franklin Roosevelt "to be more conservative.
Speaker: george will
About the speaker: George Will is a conservative columnist syndicated by the Washington Post.
Date: July 18, 2010
Location: national
Topics: history;pundits;this week - abc news
Context: a roundtable discussion on ABC's This Week
Fact-check justification: The book sources Will used did report the poll result accurately. But there are two problems. One is that Gallup polls at the time under-reported the views of many Americans. The other is that at least three Gallup polls from that era showed that 50 to 70 percent of Democrats thought FDR's approach was "about right," with much smaller proportions of Democrats seeking a more conservative FDR. So we rate Will's statement .
Statement: Democrats have forced a special election
Speaker: north carolina republican party
About the speaker: The N.C. GOP is a political party in North Carolina
Date: March 12, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: Democrats held a majority on the NC elections board, but the vote to order a new election was supported by the board’s two Republican members and the Republican candidate. We rate this  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] .
Statement: Says Sinclair Lewis said, "When fascism comes to America, it will be wrapped in the flag and carrying a cross.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 5, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Lewis has "long been quoted erroneously," according to a Nov. 6 Talking Points Memo story . It’s been pinned to other people, too. On Goodreads, the quote is attributed to James Waterman Wise. But lacking a credible, solid source for the quote, we won’t attribute it to anyone. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says 21,000 Wisconsin residents got jobs in 2011, but "18,000 of them" were in other states.
Speaker: kathleen vinehout
About the speaker: Democrat Kathleen Vinehout is a Wisconsin state senator from Alma, in western Wisconsin. The former university professor and dairy farmer was elected to the Senate in 2006 and re-elected in 2010. She ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination to run against Gov. Scott Walker in the gubernatorial recall election in 2012.
Date: February 15, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs;states
Context: remarks
Fact-check justification: She as much as conceded her error by removing from her campaign web site a statement that made the same  she did to the group of Democrats. Our rating Vinehout said she "did a little bit of math" with employment figures and found that 21,000 more Wisconsin residents were working at the end of 2011 than were a year earlier, but that 18,000 of the jobs were in other states. Government experts who compiled the figures said Vinehout is  because the numbers she put into her equation aren’t compatible. They said there’s no way to know how many of the 21,000 people got jobs in Wisconsin or in other states. We rate Vinehout’s statement .