chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The Republicans have never done anything really to balance the budget.
Speaker: steve cohen
About the speaker: Born May 24, 1949 in Memphis, Tenn.
In the House since 2006, he's a regional whip for the Democrats. In August of 2008, he was instrumental in passing H.Res.194, a House resolution apologizing for the enslavement and racial segregation of African Americans. A fourth-generation Memphian, he got his start as a Shelby County Commissioner, and served in the Tennessee state Senate for 24 years, where he became known throughout the state as the “Father of the Tennessee Lottery.”  
Date: November 20, 2011
Location: tennessee
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: appearance on MSNBC's "UP w/Chris Hayes"
Fact-check justification: Cohen so deeply believes Republicans are to blame on the budget deficit he even, on the MSNBC show, brought up the story "about the child who kills his parents and has the great chutzpah to say I’m an orphan and you should feel sorry for me – that’s the Republicans saying look at the deficit." But if Cohen is going to use the wayback machine to travel to 1993, he can’t then ignore what happened under the first President Bush and the Republican Congress of the mid-'90s. Cohen’s strong feelings and unapologetic liberal leadership have helped him win landslide elections and extremely high approval ratings, but in this instance his partisan passion led to a statement not supported by facts. Republicans have done things that would lead to a balanced budget, at present and in the not-so-distant past. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says his administration balanced "two budgets with over $13 billion in deficits without raising taxes.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: September 27, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: deficit;state budget
Context: a speech at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
Fact-check justification: The governor said his administration balanced "two budgets with over $13 billion in deficits without raising taxes." Several experts said cuts to tax credit programs could represent a tax hike. And while Christie is technically correct that he balanced two budgets with $13 billion in deficits, that figure includes a projected structural deficit. And the governor has since dismissed structural deficits as "the old way of budgeting." He can’t have it one way one year and then change it the next year. We rate the governor’s statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: The budget I managed at the Department of Education was more than $60 million.
Speaker: clay pell
About the speaker: Clay Pell is a Democratic who made an unsuccessful run for governor in Rhode Island in Rhode Island. He lost in the Democratic primary. A former deputy assistant secretary for international and foreign language education at the U.S. Department of Education, he is a grandson of the late United States senator, Claiborne Pell and the husband of former Olympic figure skater Michelle Kwan.
Date: February 2, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: candidate biography;education;federal budget
Context: an interview on WPRI-TV's "Newsmakers."
Fact-check justification: If he had been there for a full year so he was implementing the bulk of his budget, we would rate his  . But he only actually administered a portion of that budget. That makes his  technically accurate, but lacking an important mitigating factor. We rate the  as  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Nancy Pelosi Removed From Benefit for 'Being So Drunk She Couldn't Stand Up'
Speaker: thelastlineofdefense.org
About the speaker: A web site associated with fake news. It is run by a man named Christopher Blair, a self-described "liberal troll" who wants to fool conservative readers with outlandish stories.
Date: January 12, 2019
Topics: corrections and updates;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Any similarities between this site’s pure fantasy and actual people, places, and events are purely coincidental and all images should be considered altered and satirical." We rate the  ! Correction Jan. 24, 2019: Nancy Pelosi is Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. An earlier version of this article listed a different title.
Statement: More than two months ago President Barack Obama signed a bill for more than $1 billion in Zika funding, but "the federal government has still only committed $7 million" to help Florida.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: December 2, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget;public health
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Scott said President Obama signed a bill for more than $1 billion in Zika funding more than two months ago, "and the federal government has still only committed $7 million," to help Florida. Obama signed a bill that included $1.1 billion in Zika funding Sept. 29. About a month later, federal officials told Florida that it would get $7.5 million for now. But Scott omits that the state previously had access to millions of additional dollars earmarked to combat Zika -- about $9 million, as of the date of Scott’s statement. Also, the state can access other public health dollars. We rate this  .
Statement: I've traveled the country advocating for the FairTax ...
Speaker: tom graves
About the speaker: Tom Graves represents Georgia's 9th Congressional District.
Date: June 13, 2009
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: a rally
Fact-check justification: "If you look at the fact, he was there." When asked whether they made other trips to talk about the FairTax, the Graves campaign focused on that Missouri trip as proof that their candidate is correct. Yes, they made a trip halfway across the country. But we think one trip to Missouri does not equate to "traveled the country." We find Tom Graves’  is .
Statement: Says Texas tax legislation would "save the average homeowner in Texas $20,000 a year over the next 20 years or so.
Speaker: dan patrick
About the speaker: As a Houston state senator, Dan Patrick won election as lieutenant governor of Texas in November 2014 after earlier defeating incumbent David Dewhurst for his party's nomination. Patrick also has hosted a daily talk show on AM700 in Houston.
Date: May 17, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;taxes
Context: remarks to reporters
Fact-check justification: Patrick said legislation targeting local tax rate growth will result in the average Texas homeowner saving $20,000 a year over 20 years. That’s an  amount. Even if we look at what Patrick purportedly meant to say — $20,000 over 20 years — we find major flaws in the assumptions underlying that calculation. To reach that amount, one must assume that every city, county and special taxing district will raise tax rates by 8 percent every year without this legislation in place and by 5 percent a year with it. Neither assumption is in line with recent history, making the total savings figure highly suspect, at best a wild guess. !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. CORRECTION, 9:55 a.m., May 24, 2017 : Thanks to a reader's nudge, we amended this story to correct our description of the second tax-rollback savings chart provided  by Bettencourt. This revision did not affect our rating of the .
Statement: Says California Gov. Jerry Brown "vetoed 2016 wildfire management bill while California burned.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 17, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A widely shared Canada Free Press article links California Gov. Jerry Brown’s veto on a 2016 bill to the prevalence of the state’s wildfires over the past couple of years. It is accurate that Brown vetoed the bill, but the legislation only addressed one piece of wildfire management — a piece already being implemented by fire services and the state’s utility commission. The commission also said the bill would have slowed down their work. But some argue that for years the commission unnecessarily slowed the process of updating the fire safety maps, which played a role in failing to curb preventable wildfire damage. The maps were eventually updated and approved in January 2018. The story contains elements of , but fails to provide all the details. We rate it .
Statement: Photo shows a Russian tank Ukrainians are selling on eBay.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 2, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) A reverse image search shows that the photo of the tank pictured with the eBay listing has actually been online for more than a decade.   We also found no such "used Russian T-72 tank" on eBay, though there are plenty of tank toys for sale. Searching more broadly for Russian tanks on eBay we found more toys and one listing that initially appeared to be advertising an actual tank, but clicking on the link revealed that what was actually for sale was a picture of a tank and a Ukrainian flag.   We rate this post .
Statement: By registration fewer than 20 percent of Florida voters are Independents.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: April 28, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: a campaign memo
Fact-check justification: "The independent vote in Florida isn't as big as some people think," Schale wrote on his blog. Back to the Rubio campaign's . His advisers said that "by registration fewer than 20 percent of Florida voters are Independents." That's certainly  if you're only counting the state's Independent parties, but more importantly, it's also  for voters who list no party affiliation. We rate the statement .
Statement: A photo shows Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 9, 2017
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: As both Snopes and Gizmodo reported three years ago, the image was altered. The original photo taken by Getty Images photographer C. Allegri shows the Trump sons in 2005 at Donald Trump Jr.’s wedding reception at Mar-a-Lago.   In the manipulated image shared on social media, Trump Jr.’s eyes appear closer together, his upper lip is bigger and his teeth changed. Eric Trump, meanwhile, has wide set eyes and some extra weight around his chin.   We rate this post .
Statement: Reagan took the deficit from $70 billion to $175 billion. Bush 41 took it to $300 billion. Clinton got it to zero. Bush 43 took it from zero to $1.2 trillion. Obama halved it to $600 billion. Trump's got it back to a trillion.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: July 23, 2019
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;deficit
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: A viral tweet made several claims about how the deficit has grown under Republican presidents and shrunk under Democrats. On the whole, the numbers presented for each president are basically accurate. However, it’s worth clarifying that presidents alone are not responsible for the rise and fall of the federal deficit.  The tweet is accurate but needs additional information. We rate it .
Statement: When (Barack Obama) took office, 2.3 million people were out of work. Five-plus years later, we have 5 million-plus out of work.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 5, 2014
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a meme on social media
Fact-check justification: The meme claims that when Obama took office, "2.3 million people were out of work. Five-plus years later, we have 5 million-plus out of work." No national figure produces the specific numbers cited in the meme -- and, more importantly, the direction of the changes are flatly opposite to what the meme claims. By almost every metric you can use to calculate the number of Americans who are "out of work," the number has been going down, not up. We rate the  .
Statement: According to crime statistics, "riding MARTA has been becoming more and more safe over the years.
Speaker: jim durrett
About the speaker: Jim Durrett is Board Chairman of the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority.
Date: April 28, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: criminal justice;crime;transportation
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: This is especially  for property crimes. Riders are much less likely to have their wallets swiped. Still, they are somewhat more likely to get violently attacked. Durrett’s remark did not give this factor the weight it deserves. For this reason, he earns a .
Statement: Rebuilding three high schools will benefit 40 percent of Portland Public School students.
Speaker: carole smith
About the speaker: Carole Smith is the superintendent of the state's largest school district, Portland Public Schools.
Date: November 8, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: education
Context: a press briefing
Fact-check justification: But we don’t agree with the way Smith reached her number, by using clusters, and we don’t think Lincoln should be included when none of Lincoln will be rebuilt by the proposed bond measure. The school district’s own projections show enrollment at the three rebuilt high schools will make up only a quarter of all high school students. Trying to inflate that number to 40 percent is . We rate the  . Comment on this item.
Statement: My opponent, in 2008, had contributions investigated by the federal government.
Speaker: jim renacci
About the speaker: Jim Renacci, a Republican, is running against U.S. Sen. Sherrod Brown, a Democrat, in 2018. Renacci is the representative from Ohio's 16th Congressional District. He is a businessman and also the former mayor of Wadsworth. He was first elected to Congress in 2010.
Date: June 14, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: campaign finance;elections
Context: a town hall-style meeting
Fact-check justification: PolitiFact Ohio doesn’t play "gotcha" games. To their credit, the folks in the Renacci camp acknowledged he provided  information to the crowd in Rocky River. But to those in attendance, the information they have to go on is what Renacci told them that night. That’s why the comment merits a check from PolitiFact Ohio. On the -O-Meter, Renacci’s statement rates .
Statement: Breaking: Muslim New Jersey Mayor just banned the word 'Christmas.'
Speaker: thelastlineofdefense.org
About the speaker: A web site associated with fake news. It is run by a man named Christopher Blair, a self-described "liberal troll" who wants to fool conservative readers with outlandish stories.
Date: December 16, 2017
Topics: city government;fake news;religion;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Bhalla, a child of Indian immigrants, was born in New Jersey. Melli said that he sent the  news article to Bhalla and that the mayor-elect laughed. A headline stated that a "Muslim New Jersey Mayor just banned the word ‘Christmas.’" Bhalla, the mayor-elect of Hoboken, didn’t ban the word ‘Christmas’ and he is not Muslim. We rate this headline . '
Statement: A clip of Joe Biden shows him reading a response to an interview question from a teleprompter, saying "I lost that line.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 22, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: pic.twitter.com/RoPbdJnhZu Telemundo communications director Kevin Gray told PolitiFact that in the place where some are quoting Biden as saying, "I lost that line," Biden actually said "I lost that lady." The monitor on which the woman was seen asking a pre-taped question went blank as Biden was responding, which prompted him to say he "lost" her. "Mr. Diaz-Balart responded by saying ‘You and I can talk about that’ so Vice President Biden would direct his answer to him since the screen had gone black," Gray said.   The monitor was only there for the purpose of allowing Telemundo viewers to ask Biden questions, he said: "At no point during the interview did Vice President Biden use a Teleprompter, or read any of his responses, and he was not provided any questions ahead of time." This  is !
Statement: Says a Republican-drawn map of proposed U.S. House districts for Texas "gerrymanders more than nine million Latinos in Texas to make sure that we have no more electoral opportunity than we did in 1991.
Speaker: nina perales
About the speaker: Nina Perales,a San Antonio lawyer, is vice president of litigation for MALDEF, which calls itself the nation’s leading Latino legal civil rights organization. Often described as the “law firm of the Latino community”, MALDEF promotes social change through advocacy, communications, community education, and litigation in the areas of education, employment, immigrant rights, and political access.
Date: May 31, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: elections;redistricting
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Our judgment: If MALDEF’s characterizations stick, the May remap promised six to seven Latino-opportunity districts -- at best the same as 1991. But if Republican defenders are correct, the remap offers eight Latino-opportunity districts--a one-seat bump. However, the proportion of Latino-opportunity seats circa 2012--22 percent--would be virtually unchanged in 20 years. That’s because greatly Latino population growth has helped Texas edge to 36 total seats, compared to 30 in 1991. We rate MALDEF’s statement .
Statement: CNN's Crap Polling" is so bad that it shows that "no one under the age of 50 has an opinion of Hillary Clinton.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 21, 2015
Topics: polls and public opinion;punditfact
Context: an image on the Internet
Fact-check justification: The Internet graphic accused CNN of being such an incompetent pollster that it found that "no one under the age of 50 has an opinion of Hillary Clinton." This is based on a misreading of the CNN-sponsored poll. Two age-range subcategories produced too few respondents to qualify as statistically valid results under CNN’s threshold, which was plainly spelled out in the survey-results document. The  is even debunked on the graphic itself -- it showed a category with actual results for respondents under the age of 50. We rate the  .
Statement: Students at the University of Texas in Austin have been advised not to wear cowboy boots or cowboy hats on Halloween.
Speaker: todd starnes
About the speaker: Todd Starnes is a conservative columnist and radio show host.
Date: October 28, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: a commentary posted on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Starnes wrote: "Students at the University of Texas in Austin have been advised not to wear cowboy boots or cowboy hats on Halloween." Voluntary student guidelines distributed before Halloween 2016 listed "cowboys and Indians" among potentially harmful themes or costumes to avoid. However, the administration’s advice didn’t stretch to counseling students not to wear cowboy boots or hats. We rate this  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/1fcd2ef8-adcd-4d2e-80fd-e7ff1161d221
Statement: USPS loses $1.46 each Amazon package it delivers.
Speaker: eric bolling
About the speaker: Eric Bolling is a conservative political commentator. He is a former Fox News host.
Date: April 4, 2018
Topics: debt;federal budget;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Bolling said "USPS loses $1.46 each Amazon package it delivers." The $1.46 figure comes from an April 2017 Citigroup analysis, but Bolling cites the figure inaccurately. The number is what Citigroup suggested the post office charge if it wanted to make more money by using a new pricing formula. The report made no suggestion that the post office was losing that much money on current, actual deliveries. Bolling’s statement is not accurate and we rate it .
Statement: Crist stays in $2,000 a night luxury hotel suites where he racks up $1,300 in mini-bar charges, and doesn't pay for a dime of it himself.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: March 4, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;trade
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The  about the hotel, while accurate, focuses on one leg of the Europe trip and not the trip overall. And while the campaign broadly describes the $1,300 in food and beverage charges in the press release, Rubio then truncates the wording in the quote to connote a different and worse meaning. It also suggests Crist ran up the $1,300 bill alone, which is not . Rubio may be successful in making his broader point -- that Crist's trip to Europe was hardly frugal -- but he could have accomplished that by sticking closer to the facts. We rate the statement .