chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Vice President Kamala Harris laughs at the plight of Ukraine; at idea of America offering assistance
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 10, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: Harris laughed during the press conference, but in reference to whether she or Duda would speak first amidst simultaneous translations. Duda also laughed. The full context makes clear they were not laughing at the situation in Ukraine or offering assistance. In her remarks that preceded and followed the laughter, Harris expressed concern about the refugees and said there is a moral obligation to help them. We rate this  .
Statement: The CDC said it "made a mistake" and reduced its count of Florida COVID-19 cases from 90,000 to 11,000.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 21, 2020
Location: florida
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: According to the epidemiological standards , a "probable" case is one that meets clinical criteria and epidemiologic  even though there hasn’t been testing; one in which antigens or antibodies have been detected and the person meets clinical criteria or there is epidemiologic ; or, one in which a death certificate lists COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 as a cause of death or a significant contributing factor. Cases that involve pneumonia or flu but not COVID-19 are not included in COVID-19 counts, McDonald said.   However, a case would be included if, for example, a patient gets pneumonia that was caused by COVID-19, Anderson said. The CDC gets its Florida case counts from the Florida Department of Health, and no change from 90,000 to 11,000 was made, McDonald told PolitiFact. We rate the statement .
Statement: 'He's low risk,' said Obama before freeing ISIS leader al Baghdadi.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 14, 2020
Topics: fake news;terrorism;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: AJUANews.com said, "‘He’s low risk,’ said Obama before freeing ISIS leader al Baghdadi." The ISIS leader was removed from U.S. custody and handed over to Iraq in 2004, before Obama was president. There’s no  Obama played any role in that transfer. We rate this statement .
Statement: In my state, as in many other states, we have governors who are closing down businesses again.
Speaker: pat toomey
About the speaker: Pat Toomey is a U.S. senator from Pennsylvania, having won election to his seat in 2010 by defeating Democratic Rep. Joe Sestak. Toomey occupies the seat formerly held by Sen. Arlen Specter, to whom he narrowly lost in the 2004 Republican U.S. Senate primary.
Date: December 27, 2020
Location: national
Topics: coronavirus;pennsylvania
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: They include Illinois, Minnesota, Washington, Oregon, California, Arizona, and New Mexico. Ten states have halted activity at some businesses, and elsewhere, establishments remain largely open even as the pandemic rages on. Our ruling  Toomey said "in my state, as in many other states, we have governors who are closing down businesses again. "  He’s right that Pennsylvania shuttered many businesses earlier this month, and seven other states have imposed similarly sweeping restrictions. We rate Toomey’s statement .
Statement: More than 100,000 DACA applicants have been arrested—Murder, Rape, DUI.
Speaker: judicial watch
About the speaker: Judicial Watch is a conservative group that litigates on public corruption and other issues.
Date: December 28, 2019
Topics: immigration;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: More than 100,000 DACA applicants have been arrested, but not for murder, rape, and DUI. By emphasizing those crimes, the post gives the  impression. The post does not mention the most common arrests, which are for driving and immigration violations (not DUI). Immigrants deemed to pose a security threat or who have a felony conviction are not eligible for DACA. We rate the post .
Statement: Light rail does not reduce congestion.
Speaker: no tax for tracks
About the speaker: No Tax For Tracks is a community organization in Pinellas County created to oppose budget increases for the Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority.
Date: April 9, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: transportation
Context: a website post
Fact-check justification: No Tax For Tracks said "light rail does not reduce congestion." The studies we looked at didn’t show a strict reduction in congestion. However, there are studies that show congestion grows more slowly in communities that have implemented light rail, especially if they do so in conjunction with other policies that give people an option not to drive. We rate the statement .
Statement: When Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid were created, "Republicans stood on the sidelines
Speaker: james clyburn
About the speaker: James Clyburn is a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina. He serves as Assistant Minority Leader -- the third-highest-ranking officer in the House Democratic leadership.
Date: September 6, 2012
Location: national
Topics: health care;history;medicaid;medicare
Context: Charlotte, N.C
Fact-check justification: Although some of the biggest and most vocal opponents of the bills were Republicans, it’s  to say that "Republicans stood on the sidelines" when the bills were being considered. On the final vote on Social Security, Republicans overwhelmingly supported the bill. On Medicare and Medicaid, a majority of Republicans voted for the bill in the House, as did a significant minority in the Senate. We rate Clyburn’s  .
Statement: We have a higher rate of tested lead in people in Cleveland than in Flint.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: March 6, 2016
Location: national
Topics: environment;public health
Context: Flint
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "We have a higher rate of tested lead in people in Cleveland than in Flint." In Flint, 4 percent of all kids and 6.3 percent of kids in high-risk areas in Flint tested positive for lead poisoning in 2015. In Cleveland, that rate was 14.2 percent in 2014. However, the lead in Cleveland came from paint, not water, and Clinton's initial phrasing made that unclear. With this caveat, we rate Clinton's  .
Statement: If we went back to the obesity rates that existed back in the 1980s, the Medicare system over several years could save as much as a trillion dollars.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 20, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: a forum with supporters
Fact-check justification: "It's a little higher today, but I don't think it's increased enough to get there," he said. "It would be tough to get to $1 trillion." Medical research supports Obama's broad point that obesity is a serious health issue that imposes significant financial, as well as physical, costs on the American public. However, obesity doesn't cost anywhere near as much as the president has said it does. Once again, we rate his  .
Statement: Counting ballots for weeks after Election Day "is totally inappropriate, and I don't believe that's by our laws.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 27, 2020
Topics: elections
Context: remarks to reporters
Fact-check justification: Trump said that "counting ballots for two weeks ... is totally inappropriate, and I don't believe that's by our laws." He’s . Post-election day time to count absentee ballots, overseas military ballots, and provisional ballots are enshrined in both federal and state law. In addition, federal law allows states until more than a month after the election to finalize their results for the casting of electoral votes. We rate his statement . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Vitamin D levels of 50 ng/mL correlates to zero mortality rate from COVID.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 3, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed "vitamin D levels of 50 ng/mL correlates to zero mortality rate from COVID." The post references a review of research that determined that a "mortality rate close to zero" could be possible. An author on the study said the Instagram post oversimplifies the paper’s findings. It also ignores the fact that research into how vitamin D levels affect mortality from COVID-19 is not conclusive.  We rate this  .
Statement: Says four Democratic state senators voted to "raise taxes on Wisconsin workers by another $510 a month so freeloaders can get free state-run health care.
Speaker: wisconsin manufacturers and commerce
About the speaker: Wisconsin Manufacturers and Commerce is Wisconsin's largest business group. It says its members include large and small manufacturers, service companies, local chambers of commerce and specialized trade associations. WMC is also a lobbying organization and often gets involved in state political races.
Date: October 29, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;message machine 2010;taxes
Context: a campaign TV ad
Fact-check justification: Let’s punch the clock on this item. With a focus on key state Senate seats, Wisconsin Manufacturers and Commerce is airing ads against four Democrats for their votes on a failed universal health care plan. Citing a $510 a month cost, the ads overstate how much the plan would have raised payroll taxes on workers. As for the second half of the charge -- that "freeloaders" would get free care -- unemployed Wisconsin residents would have qualified, as long as they’d been state residents for at least a year. We rate the  as .
Statement: The academic achievements of our student-athletes are mentioned in the same breath and spirit as Notre Dame and Stanford.
Speaker: donna shalala
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Donna E. Shalala represents the 27th district in south Florida and was elected in 2018. She was the president of the University of Miami 2001-2015 and then served as president and CEO of the Clinton Foundation. Shalala served as the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services 1993-2001.
Date: August 29, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a video statement
Fact-check justification: She cites graduation rates -- which are significantly lower for UM compared to Notre Dame and Stanford -- and the NCAA-developed "academic progress rate." But that measure awards points to students for remaining academically eligible and enrolled in school. If that's your definition of "academic achievement," we'd like to know where we can sign up for classes. Nagel, the sport management professor from South Carolina, summed it up best: "I have a sneaking suspicion that the only time those three schools are discussed in the same (breath) and spirit is within the halls of the University of Miami’s administrative offices." We rate this  .
Statement: No one in Rhode Island -- not just children, no one in Rhode Island -- should eat more than one serving of freshwater fish caught in our state each month.
Speaker: sheldon whitehouse
About the speaker: Sheldon Whitehouse is a Democratic U.S. Senator from Rhode Island.
Date: June 19, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: environment;animals;food safety;government regulation;public health
Context: a speech on the floor of the U.S. Senate
Fact-check justification: Sheldon Whitehouse said that "No one in Rhode Island -- not just children, no one in Rhode Island -- should eat more than one serving of freshwater fish caught in our state each month." Whitehouse made that absolute statement based on a Health Department web page indicating that his statement wasn't  for 25 of the 31 freshwater bodies. Not only can older children and most adults eat fish caught there more than once a month, in at least a dozen areas they can eat it as often as they'd like, it said. Whitehouse acknowledged misstating the posted test results. But fish from those limited areas haven't been tested in more than a decade, a lapse in public health monitoring we find disturbing. And the data are, at times, so at odds with what the Health Department says it is recommending, any conclusion drawn from them should be accompanied by a hefty dose of skepticism. Mercury pollution poses a signIficant public health problem and clearly consumers should be wary about eating freshwater fish caught in state waters. That's a large kernel of  in Whitehouse's statement. But because much of the published data contradict his broad assertion, we rate it  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: A Cornell University research study concludes that ethanol generates a 29 percent energy loss, meaning it takes more than a gallon of gasoline to produce a gallon of ethanol.
Speaker: matt gaetz
About the speaker: Matt Gaetz was elected to Congress in 2016 representing Florida's 1st District. He was elected to the Florida House of Representatives serving District 4 in 2010. His father is former Sen. Don Gaetz.
Date: September 29, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: environment;agriculture;energy;science
Context: an op-ed article
Fact-check justification: Still, we're concerned readers might think it literally takes gasoline — rather than gasoline "equivalents" — to produce ethanol. Meanwhile, with the Ivy League appeal of Gaetz's statistic, it might appear to represent settled scientific consensus. In fact, researchers battle from paper to paper — and Pimentel's in the minority. So, the op-ed  was accurate, but needs some clarification. That's our definition of .
Statement: Says Biden's Rolex belonged to his late son Beau.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 25, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "In 1951, when Dwight Eisenhower was still just a five-star general and not yet the president of the United States, Rolex reached out with an offer. The company wanted to outfit the general with a Datejust and sent him a gold version engraved with his initials," GQ reported. "The watch famously appeared on a cover of Life with the general and then accompanied him into the White House in 1953." Biden’s watch was a Christmas gift from his wife. The post’s  is .
Statement: Says the Obama administration spent taxpayer dollars on electric cars in Finland (and) windmills in China.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: October 11, 2012
Location: national
Topics: stimulus
Context: the vice-presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Paul Ryan said stimulus dollars were spent on electric cars in Finland and windmills in China. In fact, the program that provided loan guarantees for the Fisker cars was not part of the stimulus -- and the money went toward engineering and design in the United States. As for the windmills in China, it's  that a small number of windmills and components to build them came from China. But the statement greatly  China’s role in the overall use of stimulus money. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: BlackRock owns 59 million shares of Dominion Voting Systems and 45.7 million shares of Fox News. BlackRock sued itself and fired Tucker Carlson as part of the lawsuit.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 24, 2023
Topics: corporations;punditfact
Context: a post shared on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Social media posts claimed that BlackRock owns shares of Fox News and Dominion Voting Systems, and that BlackRock sued itself and fired Tucker Carlson as part of that lawsuit. BlackRock owns shares of Fox News, but not Dominion Voting Systems. BlackRock owns shares of another company, Dominion Energy. We found nothing to suggest that the energy company and voting company were connected beyond sharing a similar name.  It is unclear what led Fox News and Carlson to "part ways"; neither party has given a reason. We rate these claims . PolitiFact Researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report. RELATED: Tucker Carlson parts ways with Fox News. These are some of his most consequential falsehoods. RELATED: Dominion Voting Systems’ defamation lawsuit against Fox News: What to know before the trial
Statement: Says of Donald Trump, "He even said, on his very first day in office, he would require every school in America to let people carry guns into our classrooms.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: October 31, 2016
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: Cincinnati
Fact-check justification: Clinton said of Trump, "He even said, on his very first day in office, he would require every school in America to let people carry guns into our classrooms." Trump did say once during the primary that he would eliminate gun-free zones at schools on his first day in office. He later said he thought that trained teachers specifically should be able to have guns in the classroom. Clinton’s  is . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/d34ef4ef-ace5-4226-8a3a-6da72ee9a39c
Statement: Only 325,000 American kids out of 19,000,000" were vaccinated against COVID-19.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 23, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;health check;coronavirus
Context: a screenshot
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that "only 325,000 American kids out of 19,000,000" were vaccinated against COVID-19. The figures in the  refer to a subset of all U.S. children — those ages 6 months to 4 years old — and give the  impression that only a tiny fraction of all American children have been vaccinated against COVID-19.  But data shows that tens of millions of children younger than 18 have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. More than 20 million kids ages 5 to 17 have completed their two-dose vaccine series. In total, about 40% of the 73.5 million children in the U.S. have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. We rate this  . RELATED: Ask PolitiFact: Children are far less likely to die from COVID-19. Why do they need vaccination?
Statement: Says Rush Limbaugh made it clear he'd rather see the country fail than President Barack Obama succeed.
Speaker: mark strama
About the speaker: Mark Strama is a Travis County member of the Texas House. He won his first term in 2004.
Date: September 5, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: bipartisanship
Context: remarks to Texas delegates to the Democratic National Convention
Fact-check justification: Strama said Limbaugh made it clear he’d rather see the country fail than Obama succeed. Limbaugh has been clear about hoping Obama and his policies fail. Far as we can tell, though, he has not said he would prefer that the country fails, though Strama openly infers as much. Our sense is this statement contains an element of , but it's otherwise speculative. We rate it .
Statement: Did you know that the U.S. is one of the very few nations in the world without an official language?
Speaker: randy forbes
About the speaker: Randy Forbes is from Chesapeake and represents Virginia's Fourth District in Congress. He was first elected to the House of Representatives in 2001. He serves on the Judiciary Committee and the Armed Services Committee, where he is chairman of the Seapower and Projection Forces Subcommittee.
Forbes previously served in Virginia's House of Delegates from 1989 to 1997 and in the State Senate from 1997 to 2001. He also was chairman of the Republican Party of Virginia from 1996 to 2001.
Forbes received a bachelor's degree from Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, in 1974, and a law degree from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in 1977.
Date: March 16, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: legal issues
Context: a blog
Fact-check justification: "Did you know that the U.S. is one of the very few nations in the world without an official language?" Forbes wrote. You certainly do now. We rate his statement .
Statement: Conservative Supreme Court Justices vote remotely to deny Wisconsin voters their right to vote remotely.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 7, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;supreme court
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says conservative Supreme Court justices voted remotely "to deny Wisconsin voters their right to vote remotely." The court vote involved did take place remotely. But the latter half of this  overreaches. The traditional "right" to vote remotely involves submitting an absentee ballot by Election Day. That right was not taken away. The high court simply did not extend that right to days past the election as Democrats requested. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, our rating is .