chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Texas ranks 44th nationally in education funding per pupil.
Speaker: wendy davis
About the speaker: Wendy Davis, a Fort Worth attorney, was initially elected to the Texas Senate in 2008. She was the 2014 Democratic gubernatorial nominee, giving up a shot at winning re-election to the Senate.
Date: January 19, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: All told, it’s clear that rankings vary by year and methodology. Yet Texas has consistently trailed most states in per-pupil education spending. According to the approach cited by the senator, Texas ranked 37th in 2009-10, improving from 44th place the year before. By other measures for recent years, Texas has placed as low as 43rd and, rolling in capital costs, as high as 36th. We rate the senator’s statement .
Statement: Michelle Obama ordered $400 worth of lobster and caviar at a New York hotel.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: October 19, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: So the hotel where the event was supposed to have occurred repudiates the e-mail, the newspaper that originally reported it repudiates the e-mail, and the political group that promoted it repudiates the e-mail. Lest we be in the grips of a well-oiled conspiracy, we went back and checked on Michelle Obama's activities on the day in question. The date and time on the receipt are Oct. 15, 2008, at 16:04, or 4:04 p.m. That day, Obama was in Fort Wayne, Ind., speaking at a rally, and was onstage speaking at about 1:30 p.m. Even a charter flight from Fort Wayne to New York would take about two hours, and we don't think she could have rushed from the Fort Wayne event, flown to New York, checked into the Waldorf and ordered room service in that brief window of time. So the e-mail flying around the Internet that says Michelle Obama ordered $400 of lobster and Iranian caviar is just , and because it's a mock-up based on a retracted news item, we rate it !
Statement: Biden is computer generated.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 19, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "It’s all real." Other images from that day show the president, microphones and reporters from other angles.   In a Reuters image taken by photographer Tom Brenner, Biden can be seen from the side talking to reporters who are standing several feet away with their microphones extended. A Getty Images shot by photographer Drew Angerer, shows Biden standing behind the microphones from below.   We rate claims that Biden appeared as a "computer generated" image .
Statement: Antifa gearing up for false flag violence disguised as Trump-supporters.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 3, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: And on Sept. 4, Law Enforcement Today, which "unapologetically supports those who hold the Thin Blue Line," published a story about the flyer being shared on Facebook. "While I personally loathe the likes of Antifa and their tactics," the author wrote, "I can assure you that this is simply a hoax. "  We rate this blog post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: The median income in this country has declined 10 percent in the last four years.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 23, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Tampa
Fact-check justification: In the debate, Romney used a relatively new measurement to make his point -- one that shows higher declines in income than the standard statistics do. The statistics Romney used were created by two veteran Census Bureau number crunchers, and experts say that their approach includes both advantages (notably, timeliness) and disadvantages (most importantly, a short track record). More important for our analysis, though, is also the numbers Romney used are outdated. Over the most recent four months, the statistics show median income rebounding, making the decline since the start of the last recession smaller than Romney said it was. On balance, we rate the statement .
Statement: Jason Carter "actually opposed more funding for education in the Senate.
Speaker: republican governors association
About the speaker: the gubernatorial campaign arm of the Republican Party.
Date: September 23, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: education;state budget
Context: television ad
Fact-check justification: Carter has called for more education funding for nearly all of his short political career. But when it came down to votes in the state Senate, he voted with Gov. Deal on three budgets that contained austerity cuts and against the governor on a budget that had the smallest austerity cuts in years. The GOP was careful in wording its latest ad to say Carter opposed more funding for education "in the Senate." That statement needs that context but is largely on target. We rate the  .
Statement: If Question 1 were to pass here in Nevada, we would have more restrictive gun laws here in Nevada dealing with the transfer of firearms than they do in California.
Speaker: robert uithoven
About the speaker: Robert Uithoven is a longtime Nevada lobbyist who is currently leading efforts to defeat a universal gun sales background check initative on the November ballot. He previously managed Ted Cruz's Nevada operations and previoulsy served as campaign manager for current Attorney General Adam Laxalt and former Governor Jim Gibbons.
Date: June 6, 2016
Location: nevada
Topics: guns
Context: on an episode of Nevada NewsMakers
Fact-check justification: NRA Nevadans for Freedom campaign manager Robert Uithoven said passing Question 1 would lead to "more restrictive gun laws here in Nevada dealing with the transfer of firearms than they do in California." Passing the ballot question would make Nevada look a lot more like California in terms of private party gun sales and transfers, with generally fewer regulations. Uithoven’s  focuses specifically in on the process of firearm transfers. In some ways, Nevada’s law would be tougher, but in other ways it would not. Overall, California would have more regulations on firearm transfers if Question 1 passes but would be more lenient in exempting certain types of gun transfers. Uithoven’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important context. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/58d554fc-0594-4176-8f93-379390f58bf5
Statement: Says Alex Sink supported "more taxes on water and TV.
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: January 22, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: taxes
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: The NRCC said Alex Sink supported "more taxes on water and TV" in the past. She did indeed support such taxes, though that happened during her tenure on an advisory panel 17 years ago. Sink didn’t have any control over the state’s tax structure, either then or in her future job as the state’s chief financial officer. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: ACORN "could get up to $8.5 billion more tax dollars despite being under investigation for voter registration fraud in a dozen states.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: May 6, 2009
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: An affiliate like ACORN Housing could conceivably apply for a grant to build an affordable housing project, or to buy, fix and sell abandoned homes, but that's exactly what the money would have to be used for. Suggestions that one of the affiliates might funnel money to ACORN for political activity is, so far, unsubstantiated conjecture. And then there's the matter of trying to make a splash by throwing out the massive $8.5 billion number, suggesting ACORN "could get" it, as in all of it. That's . We rule Bachmann's statement .
Statement: Says President Donald Trump's proposal to allow Americans to buy health insurance across state lines would make it the same as "the way you buy car insurance" today.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: March 19, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care;government regulation
Context: Coral Springs, Fla
Fact-check justification: Pence said that Trump’s proposal to allow Americans to buy health insurance across state lines would make it the same as "the way you buy car insurance" today. Experts say this analogy is deeply flawed. Contrary to what Pence suggested, today’s rules for car insurance are not a free-market, borderless nirvana. Car insurance is just as regulated, on a state-by-state basis, as health insurance is. So using today’s car-insurance system as a model for the administration’s vision of cross-border health-insurance sales is . Making the change Trump wants would actually make the rules for health insurance and car insurance different -- not the same. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Ronald Reagan "repeatedly talked about how irresponsible it would be to allow the full faith and credit of the United States to be impaired in any kind of way.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 21, 2011
Location: national
Topics: deficit;federal budget;history
Context: an interview on NPR
Fact-check justification: Obama said that Reagan "repeatedly talked about how irresponsible it would be to allow the full faith and credit of the United States to be impaired in any kind of way." We found two examples and a Reagan expert said they typified his approach to the federal debt. Reagan talked about other things more, like keeping taxes low and funding defense. But his remarks on the debt ceiling are real and apparently heartfelt. We rate Obama's statement .
Statement: Says President Donald Trump's fiscal year 2020 budget "slashes investments in health care to pay for tax cuts to billionaires.
Speaker: julián castro
About the speaker: Julián Castro is a former U.S. secretary of Housing & Urban Development. He was the youngest member of Barack Obama’s cabinet, serving from 2014 to 2017. Just before he became secretary of HUD, he was the mayor of San Antonio, elected in 2009. Castro received a bachelor’s degree in political science and communications from Stanford University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on Jan. 2, 2020.
Date: March 12, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: economy;health care;medicaid;medicare
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Castro said Trump’s fiscal year 2020 budget "slashes investments in health care to pay for tax cuts to billionaires." Castro’s choice of word, "slashes," is subjective. There’s some  to Castro’s about health care reductions, since Trump’s proposal decreases the health department’s budget. The plan calls for a restructuring of Medicaid that would likely lead to reduced coverage and benefits. The budget also reduces future Medicare spending, but that mainly affects health care providers, not beneficiaries. It’s  to say that the health care changes pay for tax cuts to billionaires, because there isn’t a direct link between them. It’s also worth noting that while in the long-run the tax cuts remain in place for higher earning individuals, every income group on average is expected to pay less in taxes in 2019 because of the tax law. Castro’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: It's estimated we leave somewhere north of $350 billion a year - that's billion - a year on the table uncollected because IRS doesn't have the resources.
Speaker: gerry connolly
About the speaker: Gerald E. “Gerry” Connolly, a Democrat, has represented Virginia's 11th Congressional District in Congress since 2009. The district encompasses Fairfax County, Prince William County, and Fairfax City in Northern Virginia.
Connolly serves on the House Budget Committee, the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.
He is the Ranking Member of the Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations, which covers many key issues relating to Northern Virginia’s workforce and economy.  Connolly also serves on the Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Job Creation, and Regulatory Affairs.  He is a senior member of the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa and also serves on the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific.  
Connolly is vice-chair of the New Democrat Coalition, co-chairing its Technology, Education and Entrepreneurship Task Force, chair of the Smart Contracting Caucus, co-chair of the Sustainable Energy and Environment Caucus, co-chair of the Congressional Caucus on U.S.-Turkey Relations and Turkish Americans, co-chair of the Congressional Caucus on Korea, and co-chair of the Congressional Caucus on Taiwan.  
 Connolly received a B.A. in Literature from Maryknoll College in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, and a M.A. in Public Administration from Harvard University in 1979.
After graduating from Harvard, Connolly spent 10 years on the staff of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, where he handled numerous issues including oversight of international economic issues and policies concerning the Middle East and the United Nations.
 Connolly also worked in the non-profit and private sectors for organizations and companies involved in international trade, regulatory matters, and research.
Date: September 8, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: taxes
Context: radio interview
Fact-check justification: Connolly said Uncle Sam forgoes $350 billion a year because the Internal Revenue Service lacks the resources to find and collect that amount. His figure is solid, based on the latest data available from the IRS -- from 2006. But his contention that the gap is caused by lack of IRS resources is an overstatement. Although analysts say more manpower could help the agency narrow the gap, it wouldn’t come close to filling it. Some unpaid taxes are extremely difficult to sniff out, and some people simply can’t pay, they said. So on the whole, we rate Connolly’s statement . Editor's note: A previous version of this story had the  figure for the amount of cuts to the IRS budget in the last five years.
Statement: Supreme Court issues its first bench warrant ever.
Speaker: freedomjunkshun.com
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: November 6, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: "Even in the handful of recent protest cases, the Supreme Court marshals or Capitol Police simply arrest the people on their pre-existent authority to do so." As a final note, we have to point out the tomfoolery surrounding the name of the supposed witness, Donald M. Allard. The letters of the name elide into Donald Mallard, which appears to be an allusion to Donald Duck. This is another  story full of preposterous details cooked up by a network of trolls to fool people. We rate it !
Statement: While (Barack) Obama preaches 'we are our brother's keeper,' his brother and aunt live in real poverty in Kenya.
Speaker: bill zedler
About the speaker: Bill Zedler, who hails from Tarrant County, is a multi-term member of the Texas House.
Date: July 17, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;poverty;religion
Context: a Twitter post
Fact-check justification: President Obama, who often refers to being our brother’s keepers, has a half-brother, George Obama, living in a Nairobi slum and, as of 2011, a Kenyan aunt who sold charcoal by the road. The president gave the aunt some money in 2006, according to Jacobs’ account. There appears to be no sign of his otherwise helping his aunt or half-brother. Finally, Zedler's statement implies the president is not addressing distant family needs. That’s at least slightly  in that the half-brother has said he doesn’t expect such aid. Notably, too, there appear to be no signs of the president revealing that he is or is not privately pitching in. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Christopher Miller is "in charge of the military.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 18, 2021
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It’s not relevant. I thought we very much had a plan for the withdrawal of U.S. forces from Afghanistan in an orderly, deliberate process. Now, why that wasn’t executed by this administration is beyond my knowledge at this time. I don’t know why that is. "  We rate this post .
Statement: Alex Sink wants to "cut Medicare.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: September 1, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: We must note that Medicare is a federal program, not a state one, so Sink wouldn't be able to cut benefits -- even if she wanted to -- if she's elected in November. Scott's basis for claiming that Sink supports cuts is that she supported the 2010 federal health care legislation that implemented a number of changes to the Medicare program. There are potential cuts coming to the extra benefits received by Medicare Advantage enrollees. But the law does not alter basic Medicare benefits, and actually increases some prescription drug benefits. Because she was not a member of Congress, Sink did not cast a vote for or against the new health law. Additionally, her endorsement was tepid: She said it was better than nothing and "far from perfect." On Medicare, she praised the part of the bill that spends more money on prescription drugs for seniors, and didn't say anything about the cuts for Medicare Advantage. In short, we don't think there's a credible case to be made that Sink supported that part of the bill. The distance between Sink and cuts to Medicare is just too great. We rate Scott's statement .
Statement: Amid the COVID-19 outbreak, "Minnesota now has the highest unemployment rate in U.S. history.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 6, 2020
Topics: jobs;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that amid the COVID-19 outbreak, "Minnesota now has the highest unemployment rate in U.S. history." There is no official unemployment rate to back the . At the time of the post, on May 6, the most recently available data were for March and showed Minnesota’s unemployment rate at only 2.9%. Later data for April showed Minnesota still with one of the nation’s lowest jobless rates. However, during that lag, it was reported that roughly 20% of Minnesota residents, based on unemployment insurance filings, were unemployed or had lost work. The statement contains an element of . We rate it .
Statement: We have only one person on the (TVA) board, to my knowledge, who even has any corporate board experience.
Speaker: bob corker
About the speaker: Bob Corker is a senator from Tennessee.
Date: August 18, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: corporations;energy
Context: the Chattanooga Times-Free Press
Fact-check justification: Corker’s point holds up, though we did find some other board members with experience they believe is equivalent to the corporate board experience the senator wants. Since that context was missing, we rate this statement .
Statement: Says Bill Clinton opposes President Barack Obama's plan to raise taxes on wealthy Americans.
Speaker: american crossroads
About the speaker: American Crossroads is a 527 campaign committee that supports Republican candidates.
Date: October 10, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: message machine 2010;taxes
Context: Orlando
Fact-check justification: At the least, American Crossroads is guilty of cherry-picking parts of Clinton's statement to best fit into the narrative of its ad. But we think they go one step further by cutting out critical pieces of  -- namely that Clinton said he would be "okay" with higher taxes for the wealthy and that he'd pay additional taxes if he was required to. Clinton's voice and image were no doubt selected specifically because it'd be a stinging rebuke of Obama's policies -- from a fellow Democrat. But viewer beware. We rate this  .
Statement: Rand Paul supports Obama's negotiations with Iran.
Speaker: foundation for a secure and prosperous america
About the speaker: The Foundation for a Secure and Prosperous America is a Republican 501(c)(4) political nonprofit.
Date: April 7, 2015
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;foreign policy;nuclear
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: An ad attacking Paul said, "Rand Paul supports Obama's negotiations with Iran." The nugget of  here is that Paul has expressed support for the idea of negotiating with Iran. Additionally, he has not outwardly critiqued nor praised the substance of the Obama administration’s ongoing negotiations. However, Paul believes Congress should play a role in approving any deal, a notable difference from Obama’s position. Paul differs from some other Republicans who unequivocally oppose the ongoing negotiations, but this difference isn’t enough to say he supports Obama. We rate the statement .