chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Rick Scott gave a deposition in which he invoked the Fifth Amendment 75 times about his dealings as head of Columbia/HCA hospital chain
Speaker: florida democratic party
About the speaker: the Florida affiliate of the Democratic Party.
Date: October 10, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: health care;legal issues;message machine 2010
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: We think it's fair to look at the context of how the number's used, and what an average viewer will take away upon seeing the ad. The inference here is clear -- that Scott gave a deposition in the federal criminal investigation of Columbia/HCA and pleaded the Fifth Amendment 75 times. That's not . Scott invoked the Fifth Amendment 75 times in an unrelated civil suit over a communications contract. We rate this  .
Statement: The United States buys "206,000 barrels of oil a day" from Russia but "shut down domestic oil production a year ago.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 19, 2022
Topics: energy;facebook fact-checks;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said that the United States buys "206,000 barrels of oil a day" from Russia but "had shut down domestic oil production a year ago." The post gets the number of barrels right, but the U.S. has not shut down domestic production.  Domestic oil production is on track to surpass pre-pandemic levels. Oil imports from Russia to the U.S. are only a small fraction of the country’s total imports. We rate this  .
Statement: Texas ranks 49th in per-pupil funding among the states.
Speaker: texas association of school boards
About the speaker: The Texas Association of School Boards, an advocacy and education group, says its membership includes every Texas school district, 20 regional education service centers, 50 community colleges, 38 tax appraisal districts and others. The group says its mission is to promote educational excellence for Texas schoolchildren.
Date: April 24, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget;states
Context: an advertisement
Fact-check justification: The group said Texas ranks 49th in per-pupil funding among the states. Texas ranks 48th among the states, according to preliminary figures, and 49th only if one also considers spending in the schools in Washington, D.C., which is not a state. This  is close to accurate, but without the D.C. clarification, it rates as .
Statement: Bill O'Reilly in critical condition after being attacked by 'tolerant' liberals.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 4, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: TheLastLineOfDefense.org publishes bogus posts keyed to topics designed to inflame conservatives. The articles quite often end up being passed around on multiple websites, often without an indication that they are . TheLastLineOfDefense.org doesn’t immediately indicate that any of its stories are , but its About Us link notes that "all articles should be considered satirical and any and all quotes attributed to actual people complete and total baloney." And that’s what we call this  report — baloney. Actually, we rate it !
Statement: Says a photo shows a memorial vandalized by Black Lives Matter protesters.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 3, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: Eduardo Delgado, a public information officer for the National Park Service, in an email. "I saw it this morning and it was fine." We could find no  that other Vietnam memorials have been vandalized as a result of Black Lives Matter demonstrations. The Facebook post is . We rate it .
Statement: We've seen more manufacturing jobs created since I've been president than anytime since the 1990s. That's a fact.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 1, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;labor
Context: a town hall
Fact-check justification: "We've seen more manufacturing jobs created since I've been president than anytime since the 1990s. That's a fact." There has indeed been a consistent decline in manufacturing jobs between 1998 until 2010, so Obama is correct that his presidency has seen the largest period of sustained manufacturing growth since the 1990s. However,  manufacturing jobs have still suffered a net loss over Obama’s term. Obama’s statement could lead people to believe there has been the first net gain compared to the 1990s, but that is  — just the first growth spurt. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/d22186f1-297c-41a0-93e5-6e58ae7ef7ed
Statement: Says Chadwick Boseman was poisoned and his death is being investigated as a homicide.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 30, 2020
Topics: pop culture;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Rather, they seem to follow the same pattern of other death hoaxes that spread after a high-profile person dies .   The Toronto Today story says that "police are now considering this a homicide, and will be holding a press conference in the next 48 hours," but no such news event has happened.   If Boseman was actually killed, it would draw wide media coverage. Instead, this post has drawn articles fact-checking it.   We rate this post .
Statement: Husbands rarely beat up their wives. Single women get beaten up more.
Speaker: ann coulter
About the speaker: Ann Coulter is a conservative columnist and author.
Date: October 15, 2009
Location: national
Topics: crime;pundits
Context: an interview on Sean Hannity's show on the Fox News Channel
Fact-check justification: Coulter also leaves out the Department of Justice statistics on homicides committed by a person "intimate" with the victim. Historically, most "intimate" homicides involved spouses (though in recent years, the number of deaths by boyfriends and girlfriends was about the same). Coulter accurately cites figures from the Department of Justice study on violence against women, but she draws conclusions that the authors of the study specifically caution against. And that's because women may be a lot less likely to report violence by someone they are still married to, and living with. And so we rate Coulter's  .
Statement: We will be over 290 electoral votes on Election Night ... no matter what they (Democrats) try to do, what kind of hijinks or lawsuits or whatever kind of nonsense they try to pull off.
Speaker: jason miller
About the speaker: Jason Miller is a senior adviser to the Donald Trump campaign.
Date: November 1, 2020
Topics: elections
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Miller said, "We will be over 290 electoral votes on Election Night ... no matter what they try to do, what kind of hijinks or lawsuits or whatever kind of nonsense they try to pull off." No candidate will "be over 290 electoral votes" on Election Night, because electoral votes aren’t cast until Dec. 14 and won’t be counted until Jan. 6. Beyond that, Miller is miscasting how media organizations will call races for one candidate or the other on Election Night. Media outlets won’t be calling any battleground states until there’s adequate information to do so with confidence. If a state hasn’t yet counted enough votes from mail ballots to have a sense of how mail voters are breaking between the candidates, media organizations won’t call the states for either candidate; they’ll call it "too early to call" or "too close to call." It would be  to count a media organization’s "too close to call" state as part of either the Trump column or the Biden column, even if partial returns show that candidate ahead. We rate the statement . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here for more.
Statement: Says a "Pro-Stimulus economist admits it is not working …
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: August 25, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;stimulus
Context: a posting on Facebook
Fact-check justification: We checked in with the Portman campaign and asked about the Facebook post, mentioned that we didn't see what they said was in The Hill article and mentioned that The Christian Science Monitor's own coverage appeared contradictory. They told us it was important we look at the right article and sent us a link to the piece in The Hill. At that point we started looking for the matches. We rate Portman's  in his Facebook post .
Statement: Barack Obama's recess appointment of Richard Cordray "is precisely what then-Sen. Obama claimed would be 'the wrong thing to do.'
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 4, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: consumer safety
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: But in Bolton’s case you have Democrats scrutinizing the appointee himself and then-Sen. Obama questioning whether Bolton can effectively work with an institution he has criticized. In Cordray’s case, you have Republicans blocking an appointee because they are unhappy with the agency. Romney used the word "precisely" to draw a comparison that was not nearly as black and white as he implied. And the versions of the quotes that his staff cited in support of his  were abridged, leaving out important details that would help the listener put Obama’s statements in context. As such, on the -O-Meter, we rate Romney’s  .
Statement: For four years, we balanced the budget and paid off $405 billion in debt.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: May 11, 2011
Location: national
Topics: deficit;economy;federal budget
Context: a presidential campaign announcement video
Fact-check justification: Efforts to contact Gingrich’s top spokesman, Rick Tyler, were unsuccessful. To summarize, Gingrich was off on both claims concerning the budget. The budget was indeed balanced for four years, but it’s a stretch for him to take credit for more than two of those years. As for paying off $405 billion in debt, the data we found shows the debt actually increased during Gingrich’s four-year tenure as speaker by more than $800 billion. We rate Gingrich’s  .
Statement: You can't pass a budget in the Senate of the United States without 60 votes.
Speaker: jack lew
About the speaker: Jack Lew is secretary of the U.S. Treasury Department. He has served as White House chief of staff and director of the Office of Management and Budget.
Date: February 12, 2012
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: an interview on CNN's "State of the Union with Candy Crowley"
Fact-check justification: On the specific question he was asked -- about the congressional budget resolution -- Lew said you need 60 votes to pass it. That’s flatly . On the larger question of putting together what we think most people would call the "federal budget," a majority party may be able to get its budget resolution passed, but that’s not the same thing as actually enacting spending bills to implement it. In all likelihood, these bills would require 60 votes in the Senate. Still, Lew's specific  was .
Statement: Regarding sexual assault against women, "It's actually safer not to be in college than it is to be in college.
Speaker: mark warner
About the speaker: Mark Warner, a Democrat, has represented Virginia in the U.S. Senate since 2009. He serves on the Banking, Budget, Commerce and Intelligence committees. He is the honorary co-chairman of the Forward Together PAC.
Warner gave the keynote address at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. Warner previously served as governor of Virginia from 2002 to 2006. He also ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in 1996. Before public office, Warner was an early investor in the cell phone business, co-founded the company that became Nextel.
Warner was born in Indianapolis, Ind., and grew up in Illinois and Connecticut. Warner graduated from George Washington University, Washington, D.C. He received a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass.
Date: December 3, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: education;crime
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Warner says women students on college campuses are more likely to be sexually assaulted than their peers who don’t seek a higher education. He backs his statement by citing Department of Justice studies that make that same observation based on research from the 1980s and 90s. The researchers acknowledged shortcomings with their methodology and said their conclusions were "suggestive." Warner’s statement ignores a credible and more current body of research that offered an opposite conclusion to his. We rate his statement .
Statement: Sri Lanka's president, Estonia's prime minister and Ukrainian diplomats were arrested.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 11, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Ukrainian President Volodymr Zelenskyy dismissed them, according to a July 9 report from Ukrinform, Ukraine’s national news agency. Ukrinform didn’t provide any details about the dismissals. But the New York Times reported that Andriy Melnyk, the ambassador to Germany, was fired because he defended the legacy of a World War II nationalist leader who collaborated with the Nazis. Zelenskyy has called the dismissal of his ambassadors a rotation that’s part of normal diplomatic practice, the Times said.   We rate claims that these political leaders and diplomats were arrested .
Statement: A case before Washington's Supreme Court seeks to effectively end public labor unions.
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: January 3, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: economy;jobs;labor;unions
Context: his State of the State address
Fact-check justification: Cuomo said "a case before Washington’s Supreme Court seeks to effectively end public labor unions." The case presents a challenge for public labor unions that have been able to collect revenue from non-members. If the court sides with Janus, non-members of public unions would not have to pay union fees. But his  that it would end those unions is an exaggeration, experts said. Cuomo's office did not respond to our inquiry about his . The statement is not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: I am the only (state attorney general) in America fighting to hold the big tech companies accountable for their behavior.
Speaker: josh hawley
About the speaker: Josh Hawley took office as U.S. Senator from Missouri in 2019. Hawley previously served as Missouri’s Attorney General. 
Date: August 7, 2018
Location: missouri
Topics: legal issues;technology
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Hawley said, "I am the only (state attorney general) in America fighting to hold the big tech companies accountable for their behavior." This is an exaggeration. His actions against Google and Facebook do have a particularly broad focus, but he is not alone in pursuing tech giants -- other attorneys general have also filed lawsuits against those and other companies during the past two years. We rate the statement .
Statement: The departments of Commerce, Education and Energy and the EPA saw their spending increase by between 130 percent and 219 percent between 2008 and 2010.
Speaker: jeb hensarling
About the speaker: Jeb Hensarling is a U.S. representative from Texas and chairman of the House Republican Conference.
Date: October 26, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;stimulus
Context: a hearing of the congressional "Supercommittee"
Fact-check justification: We understand the arguments behind Hensarling’s methodological choices, but we still believe the path he chose cherry-picked the highest possible increase that the numbers would allow -- one several times higher than other ways to measure the same figure. He lumped all stimulus spending into a single year, even though the spending was spread over several years. The year he chose to assign the stimulus spending to -- 2010 -- was not even the year the budget authority had been granted. And he obscured the fact that much of the enormous increases he cited stemmed from temporary factors, whether it’s the stimulus or spending on the decennial Census. We rule this  .
Statement: Under N.Y. State 'Assault Weapon' ban 1 simple cosmetic change pictured here is difference between legal & banned
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: February 22, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Rubio said with a photo on Twitter that "1 simple cosmetic change pictured here is difference between legal & banned" in New York state. That’s . The pistol grip shown is one of the banned features for rifles under New York state's SAFE Act. The rifle would also be subject to other New York state regulations. We rate Rubio’s  .
Statement: A Ukrainian TikToker shows how to drive an abandoned Russian armored vehicle.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 28, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Tuman speaks Russian throughout the videos and excitedly describes the vehicle, saying it has 8-wheel drive, a seating shooter and a hatch for the driver-mechanic. She also discusses how to start it, instructing viewers on how to turn it on and shift into gear. The clip was made by a Russian woman and is from February 2021. It is unrelated to the current conflict in Ukraine. We rate posts claiming otherwise .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton is "proposing to print instant work permits for millions of illegal immigrants to come in and take everybody's jobs, including low-income African-Americans.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 16, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration;education;technology
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Clinton would "staple" green cards to the diplomas of foreign students in the United States who complete master’s or doctoral degrees in science, technology, engineering or math, extending their stay so that they could work in the U.S., particularly in high-tech jobs, after graduation rather than returning home. The green cards would be available to students who are already legally in the United States. And given their level of education and expertise, they would not be taking jobs of low-income Americans. Nor is the program aimed at millions of students. We rate the statement .    https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/65130cee-8948-4fca-8a6d-bee84a8dcf41
Statement: The federal government "may put 16,500 IRS agents in charge of policing President Obama's health care bill.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: January 25, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care;taxes
Context: a rebuttal to the State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: All told, we do think it's fair to assume that the IRS will need to hire new employees, perhaps thousands, to handle the caseload from the new health care law. But even the Republican staffers who calculated the number acknowledged that 16,500 is the high end of a range that could theoretically stretch as low as 5,900 using their methodology. The good news for Bachmann is that she took greater care than Kirk did in phrasing the statistic. Rather than simply citing the 16,500 figure, she added some cushion by saying that the bill "may put 16,500 IRS agents" to work. That’s enough in our book to raise the rating from , which is what we gave Kirk, to .