chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The United States had 589 coal-fired plants 10 years ago, and "we're down to 504. … We are the only nation that has reduced our reliance (on) coal energy.
Speaker: joe manchin
About the speaker: Joe Manchin is a U.S. senator from West Virginia. The former governor of West Virginia won a special election in November 2010 to complete the balance of the late Sen. Robert Byrd’s term.
Date: November 16, 2021
Location: west virginia
Topics: environment;energy
Context: a Senate hearing
Fact-check justification: Manchin said the U.S. had 589 coal-fired plants 10 years ago, and "we're down to 504. … We are the only nation that has reduced our reliance as far as in coal energy." Manchin is broadly right to note that the U.S. has decreased its reliance on coal for generating electricity over the past decade, although he incorrectly labeled the units of measurement that went along with his figures. He also has a point that the U.S. has led the world in the number of retirements of coal-fired assets, but it’s worth noting that the U.S. is not alone, as other countries have also made significant cuts in coal-fired power over the same period. We rate the statement .
Statement: The 'tax plan' rolled out by @realDonaldTrump would have cut his taxes by $30 million in 2005 (the only year we have returns for).
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: April 27, 2017
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Pelosi said, "The ‘tax plan’ rolled out by @realDonaldTrump would have cut his taxes by $30 million in 2005 (the only year we have returns for)." Experts agree that $30 million is a reasonable estimate, given the limited information available, both in Trump’s public tax returns and the bullet-point nature of his tax-policy proposal. Still, it is an estimate, so the actual number may be quite a bit lower or higher. We rate the  .
Statement: Fox News uses photo of a married couple promoting 'traditional marriage' and the photo is actually of a same-sex couple.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 12, 2014
Topics: lgbtq;punditfact
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook meme said Fox News used a photo of a same-sex couple in an article that promoted traditional marriage. Fox News agrees that it used the photo and the story presented a case for marriage based on men and women adopting traditional gender roles. We rate the  .
Statement: In the last 10 years, only one piece of legislation has been cosponsored and passed by" John Duncan Jr.
Speaker: nick ciparro
About the speaker: A former pro-audio engineer, attending college to seek a chemical engineering and material science.
Date: June 27, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: voting record
Context: Posted by Ciparro's website
Fact-check justification: The public record shows Rep. Duncan has sponsored or cosponsored at least six dozen bills that have been enacted into law over the past decade. At its best, Ciparro’s  showed a basic lack of understanding of how Congress works. At its worst, it is a  distortion of the . We rate it .
Statement: The United States is no longer "top nation in the globe on infrastructure," having fallen to 15th.
Speaker: steve cohen
About the speaker: Born May 24, 1949 in Memphis, Tenn.
In the House since 2006, he's a regional whip for the Democrats. In August of 2008, he was instrumental in passing H.Res.194, a House resolution apologizing for the enslavement and racial segregation of African Americans. A fourth-generation Memphian, he got his start as a Shelby County Commissioner, and served in the Tennessee state Senate for 24 years, where he became known throughout the state as the “Father of the Tennessee Lottery.”  
Date: November 3, 2011
Location: tennessee
Topics: infrastructure
Context: a speech on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives
Fact-check justification: So Cohen is off by a notch in the current overall rankings, while for roads and bridges, the U.S. actually ranks slightly lower, providing more  for his point. That's close enough to earn a .
Statement: State Forces Citizens to Pay for 'Stargazing Permit' to View Night Sky in Public Parks
Speaker: free thought project
About the speaker: Free Thought Project is website whose mission is to "foster the creation and expansion of liberty minded solutions to modern day tyrannical oppression."
Date: January 24, 2020
Location: new york
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The Free Thought Project said that New York State "forces" citizens to pay for a permit to look at the night sky in public parks.  The statement contains an element of . Indeed, there are annual stargazing permits issued in certain parks on Long Island to cover staffing and security costs for the stargazing areas of the parks that would otherwise be closed at night. But it ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. The state doesn't issue such permits at other state parks, including Niagara Falls State Park, which remains open 24 hours a day. And for special astronomical events, such as meteor showers, the state often waives the fee.  We rate this  .
Statement: Montana is canceling unemployment because of a workforce shortage.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 7, 2021
Topics: stimulus;coronavirus
Context: Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: "Montana is canceling unemployment because of a workforce shortage!" reads a Facebook post.  Gianforte announced that the state will withdraw from the federal unemployment assistance program established to help those out of work during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the state unemployment program remains in place. The change means that two-thirds of weekly benefits on the low end of assistance and two-fifths on the high end will effectively be canceled. The statement is partially accurate but missing critical context, so we rate it .
Statement: TSA "started off with 16,500 screeners and the agency has mushroomed to 67,000 employees with 3,590 administrative people ... making over $105,000 per year on average.
Speaker: john mica
About the speaker: John Mica is a Republican congressman from Winter Park-based Congressional District 7 in Central Florida. As of January 2011, he is chairman of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee.
Date: November 25, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: homeland security;transportation
Context: a Fox News interview
Fact-check justification: Well, he said, TSA "started off with 16,500 screeners and the agency has mushroomed to 67,000 employees with 3,590 administrative people ... making over $105,000 per year on average." Little variances on the numbers aside, we take issue with the suggestion that TSA grew from 16,500 to a bulging 67,000-employee bureaucracy. TSA may have had 16,500 screeners in its infancy, but it was created with the idea that it would have many more. Mica is cherry-picking some numbers in his statement. So we rate it .
Statement: Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger used "$50 million of Zuckerberg money" in 2020 to "tip the scales.
Speaker: jody hice
About the speaker: Jody Hice won the race for the 10th Congressional District in Georgia in 2014 and was subsequently re-elected. Hice is running in the Republican primary for Georgia Secretary of State in 2022. Hice served as pastor for almost 25 years, and launched the Jody Hice Show, a conservative talk radio program. 
Date: May 5, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Hice said that Georgia’s secretary of state used "$50 million of Zuckerberg money" in 2020 to "tip the scales." In 2020, the Secretary of State received a $5.6 million grant from the Center for Election Innovation and Research for nonpartisan voter outreach. But Georgia had plenty of company – 23 states, led by both Republican and Democrat officials, received grants. There is no  that Raffensperger used the money to "tip the scales."  Dozens of counties in Georgia received grants from the Center for Tech and Civic Life that added up to about $45 million, but Raffensperger had no say in which counties applied for grants. Both grant programs were funded byZuckerberg and his wife to help election officials cover the extra expenses of administering elections amid a pandemic. Hice has distorted the amount of grant money received by Raffensperger and the purpose. We rate this statement . RELATED : 'Zuckerbucks' for 2022 elections? Republicans say thumbs down RELATED : All of our fact-checks about Georgia RELATED : All of our fact-checks about elections CLARIFICATION  W e updated the fact-check on March 15 to clarify that money from Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg and wife Priscilla Chan to help with elections came from the couple themselves.
Statement: Bill McCollum explained his lack of action on mortgage fraud by saying, "You can't do everything.
Speaker: florida democratic party
About the speaker: the Florida affiliate of the Democratic Party.
Date: May 13, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: housing
Context: an e-mail press release
Fact-check justification: And so when a Sarasota reporter asked McCollum in an interview in Venice why he hadn’t done more on mortgage fraud prior, McCollum replied: "It’s not the only thing we do. You can’t do everything." It's worth noting that McCollum gave his response to the Herald-Tribune – and, not as the Democrats say, to "homeowners in trouble." Still, the Democrats were right about his words and quoted him accurately. We find their statement .
Statement: We've had examples like in Yuma County, where we've been able to stop 97 percent of the illegal (immigration) flow, and those programs, they abolish.
Speaker: ben carson
About the speaker: Dr. Ben Carson is President Donald Trump's secretary for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. A retired pediatric neurosurgeon, Carson ran as a Republican for president in 2016. He owns homes in West Palm Beach and Maryland.
Date: September 27, 2015
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Carson said that Yuma County has been able to reduce illegal immigration by 97 percent, but that the federal programs that allowed them to do that had been "abolished." Carson didn’t mention the time frame on the reduction in Yuma County -- those numbers dropped from 2005 to 2014, and experts have credited the reduction to several factors, including a U.S. economic recession. Other factors receiving a share of were fencing construction and the number of border agents As for the federal programs that have been abolished, we found one program involving prosecutions that fit the bill, but it had been scaled back rather than eliminated, and it was, at most, one factor among many that are believed to have led to the drop. So while Carson has a point that illegal immigration has fallen significantly in Yuma County, he glosses over the time frame and incorrectly credits a program that was scaled back but not abolished. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Says the Texas Department of Agriculture seeks to purchase up to 300,000 promotional stress balls.
Speaker: hank gilbert
About the speaker: Hank Gilbert, who raises cattle near Tyler, was the 2010 Democratic nominee for Texas agriculture commissioner. He won the party's 2006 nomination for the same post.
Date: September 24, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: economy;health care
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: We followed up with Black, asking if it's accurate to conclude that up to 300,000 of the stress relievers are being purchased. We also wondered why the purchase was being made. Black said he'd limit his comment to his e-mailed statement. Surely the agency would pipe up if Gilbert got its purchase plans . We rate the statement .
Statement: Says the state of Texas rates as "unacceptable" almost 500 of the state's 8,000 public schools.
Speaker: dan patrick
About the speaker: As a Houston state senator, Dan Patrick won election as lieutenant governor of Texas in November 2014 after earlier defeating incumbent David Dewhurst for his party's nomination. Patrick also has hosted a daily talk show on AM700 in Houston.
Date: November 8, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: a Texas Tribune interview
Fact-check justification: Patrick’s , that almost 500 of the state’s 8,000 campuses are rated unacceptable, reflects the 2011 Texas ratings--and fresh ratings aren’t expected until 2013. We rate the statement as .
Statement: Biden is impeached!!! Finally! For high crimes and misdemeanors.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 21, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "  "Resolved," Boebert says, "that Joseph Robinette Biden Jr., is impeached for high crimes and misdemeanors and that the following articles of impeachment be exhibited to the United States Senate." But the House didn’t vote on the resolution.   "Instead of bringing the resolution to the House floor, where it was not expected to pass, it will be sent for review to the House Judiciary and Homeland Security committees," The Washington Post reported .   The Post said the "long-shot effort" was referred to the committees as part of a deal made by House Speaker Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., "to appease hard-right Republicans within his ranks and avoid a potentially embarrassing split vote among members of the party." We rate claims Biden was impeached .
Statement: I never said I was on the Falkland Islands.
Speaker: bill o'reilly
About the speaker: Bill O'Reilly hosted The O'Reilly Factor on Fox News until 2017. He formerly worked as a television news reporter and has authored numerous books.
Date: February 20, 2015
Topics: corrections and updates;ethics;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "The O'Reilly Factor"
Fact-check justification: O’Reilly said, "I never said I was on the Falkland Islands." The central word here is "on." O’Reilly has a point that — at least so far as we can tell — he’s always said he was "in" the Falklands conflict rather than "on" the islands. At the very least, we can say that when O’Reilly talked about the Falklands in the past, his phrasing was ambiguous — to the extent that reasonable people could understand him to mean he’d set foot in a place where military combat was taking place, not reporting from 1,000 miles away. Also, O’Reilly offered his statement as proof that he never had falsely claimed that he was in the thick of the fighting. But you can suggest you were there without specifying that you were on the islands. The English language is plenty flexible enough to convey the same meaning using a different word, such as "in." O’Reilly’s statement is accurate but omits important context, so we rate this  . Correction: British forces sank an Argentine cruiser. An earlier version of this fact-check misidentified the type of vessel.
Statement: Since the COVID jabs were rolled out, at least 1.1 million Americans have 'died suddenly.'
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 4, 2022
Topics: health care;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed, "since the COVID jabs were rolled out, at least 1.1 million Americans have 'died suddenly.'" The post claims that death data collected by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development showed that more than one million people died because of the COVID-19 vaccines.  The organization does not make that conclusion, and health officials have said the vaccines are safe. The organization said its data measured deaths from 2020 to 2022 in excess to the average number of deaths from 2015 to 2019.  An organization spokesperson cited no specific reason for the rise in deaths, but said the pandemic appeared to play a role — from fatal infections to a lack of medical care because of stresses on the health care system. He said other factors, such as heat waves, could also have contributed. We rate this  .
Statement: Photo shows Sheryl Crow wearing a shirt that says, "Keep America Trumpless.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 23, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: She posted it with a heart emoji.   About a year earlier, she appeared on the show "Good Morning Britain" and said she hoped he would soon be out of office.   "What we need is a functioning government," she said. "For the last 144 days, nothing but chaos. "  We rate this altered post .
Statement: President Trump has the strongest support percentage-wise in our state than any other state in the nation. He won West Virginia by almost 43 percentage points and he's been carrying close to 60 percent approval.
Speaker: joe manchin
About the speaker: Joe Manchin is a U.S. senator from West Virginia. The former governor of West Virginia won a special election in November 2010 to complete the balance of the late Sen. Robert Byrd’s term.
Date: January 8, 2019
Location: west virginia
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: an interview on Bloomberg television
Fact-check justification: Manchin said, "President Trump has the strongest support percentage-wise in  our state than any other state in the nation. He won West Virginia by almost 43 percentage points and he's been carrying close to the 60 percent approval." Manchin is close on all three measurements of Trump’s support in West Virginia. His main point -- that Trump remains popular in the state -- holds. But we should note that it’s difficult to say that West Virginia tops all other states in its Trump approval. Wyoming, Alabama and Mississippi also have very high levels of support, and each could plausibly  to be the most Trump-supporting state.   We rate the statement .
Statement: A judge took the Star Scientific tax case away from Ken Cuccinelli
Speaker: terry mcauliffe
About the speaker: Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat, was elected governor of Virginia on Nov. 5, 2013. He received 47.8 percent of the vote in defeating Republican Ken Cuccinelli, who came in at 45.2 percent. Robert Sarvis, a Libertarian, finished a distant third with 6.5 percent.
McAuliffe's inaguration as Virginia's 72nd governor is scheduled on Jan. 11, 2014.
McAuliffe, a wealthy businessman and noted political fundraiser, was co-chairman of President Bill Clinton's 1996 reelection campaign. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2005 and chairman of Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, McAuliffe unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Virginia governor.
McAuliffe was born in Syracuse, N.Y., on Feb. 9, 1957. He has a bachelor's degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. McAuliffe has lived in Fairfax County for more than 20 years, is married and has five children.
 
Date: July 20, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: ethics;legal issues
Context: debate
Fact-check justification: McAuliffe said a judge took the Star Scientific tax case away from Cuccinelli. There is a grain of  in McAuliffe’s , because a judge did indeed grant a motion removing the attorney general from the case. But McAuliffe’s statement is  because it ignores some crucial information -- the fact that the attorney general’s office was the one that requested to be removed from the case. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Gov. Scott Walker "has made Wisconsin 2nd in the nation in losing jobs.
Speaker: brett hulsey
About the speaker: Democrat Brett Hulsey of Madison, the owner of an energy and environmental consulting firm, was elected to the Wisconsin Assembly in 2010. He was an unsuccessful candidate in the Aug. 12, 2014 Democratic primary for governor.
Date: April 30, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: By either measure, Hulsey was  -- in one case slightly so, in the other wildly so. Our rating Hulsey said Walker "has made Wisconsin 2nd in the nation in losing jobs." He cherry-picked a report for a single month but spoke of it as a longer-term trend. What’s more, the data was already outdated at the time, so he was  when he said it. We rate his statement .
Statement: Pfizer tries to hide 2.4K full-time hires handling vax injuries.
Speaker: one america news
About the speaker: One America News is a conservative cable news service founded by Robert Herring.
Date: April 12, 2022
Topics: health care;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: A One America News Network clip claims that Pfizer tried "to hide" the hiring of 2,400 employees to play down the extent of injuries caused by the COVID-19 vaccine. The clip, however, takes these hiring numbers out of context and misconstrues the adverse event reporting process. Pfizer submitted a document containing hiring information to the FDA. The FDA released the document in response to a public records request. The first version redacted staffing numbers. A later version included the numbers. Staffing numbers can be treated as proprietary information under federal transparency rules. Onboarding more people to manage an influx of adverse event reports does not equate to an increase in verified injuries caused by the vaccine. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "lied about why her parents named her Hillary.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: July 19, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Cleveland
Fact-check justification: McConnell said that Clinton "even lied about why her parents named her Hillary." Clinton certainly said in 1995 that she was named after Sir Edmund Hillary, but Clinton was born a few years before the mountain climber became famous. However, McConnell fails to note that a spokeswoman eventually said the story was told to her by Clinton’s mother to inspire her. McConnell’s  is partially accurate but lacks important context. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/2b295bd5-ed1d-433b-95cb-8c0ba10b42fe