chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: North Carolina GOP is re-introducing a bill that says life begins at conception and anyone who destroys that fertilized egg is guilty of first-degree murder.
Speaker: qasim rashid
About the speaker: Qasim Rashid, a human rights attorney, is a Democrat who has run for Congress and Virginia's state Senate.
Date: July 18, 2022
Location: north carolina
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Rashid said "North Carolina GOP is reintroducing a bill that says life begins at conception and anyone who destroys that fertilized egg is guilty of first degree murder." The  captures some of the bill’s intentions, but falsely says it was "reintroduced" by the "North Carolina GOP" and ignores key details about the bill’s status and potential for becoming law. We rate it .
Statement: Upton "voted a dozen times to kick thousands of Michigan families off their health insurance and eliminate protections for preexisting conditions
Speaker: jon hoadley
About the speaker: Jon Hoadley represents Michigan's 60th District in the Michigan House of Representatives. He is running against incumbent Republican Rep. Fred Upton to represent Michigan's 6th District in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Date: October 13, 2020
Location: michigan
Topics: health care
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A Hoadley ad states that Upton "voted a dozen times to kick thousands of Michigan families off their health insurance and eliminate protections for preexisting conditions," citing his votes to repeal or defund the Affordable Care Act. Four of those votes were for legislation that would have repealed the law. The eight other votes cited by the campaign laid the groundwork for repealing the ACA, but would have required additional action from lawmakers. Repealing the ACA would have jeopardized health coverage for Michiganders covered under plans purchased in the individual market and the state’s Medicaid expansion program. We rate this  .
Statement: Herschel Walker "wants a nationwide ban on abortion" and said no exceptions "not even for rape or incest or life of the mother.
Speaker: raphael warnock
About the speaker: The Rev. Raphael Warnock is a U.S. Senator from Georgia elected in a special runoff election in January 2021 and running for re-election in 2022. Warnock, a Democrat, served as the senior pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, located in Atlanta. The church's former pastors include the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.
Date: November 19, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: abortion;national;congress
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Warnock said Walker "wants a nationwide ban on abortion" and said no exceptions "not even for rape or incest or life of the mother." For most of the campaign, Walker has supported a national abortion ban. He’s also said repeatedly that there shouldn’t be exceptions. But he hasn’t been 100% consistent.  Late in his campaign, Walker said he supported two measures that included exceptions: Graham’s bill banning abortion nationwide at 15 weeks, and a 2019 Georgia law. Walker has also made conflicting statements about what entity should create abortion rules. He’s said the issue should be decided at the state level, while also supporting a nationwide ban. Walker backs efforts that further his goal to ban abortion, even if proposals have exceptions. Warnock's statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it . RELATED : Fact-checking the Georgia Senate debate between Raphael Warnock and Herschel Walker RELATED : Herschel Walker on PolitiFact’s -O-Meter RELATED : Raphael Warnock on PolitiFact’s -O-Meter
Statement: Images show Joe Biden surrounded by U.S. Marshals.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 4, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post draws from a May 4 visit by U.S. Olympic and Paralympic athletes to the White House. A Fox News video of the event shows the men in the picture more clearly, and they aren’t wearing Marshal badges. That’s because they aren’t U.S. Marshals.   The Secret Service told us that the image shows Secret Service agents and White House staffers.   We rate this post .
Statement: Couple Arrested For Selling 'Golden Tickets To Heaven.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 13, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: blog post headline
Fact-check justification: The Jacksonville Sheriff’s office found no records of such a case. The story would have likely made headlines; but we found no coverage by local newspapers of the event, either. The picture of Tito Watts isn’t real; it was snagged off a website with mugshots of people arrested in their Halloween costumes. The photo dates back to 2011. We rate this statement !
Statement: But for immigrants, we would have a contracting population...
Speaker: don beyer
About the speaker: Donald S. Beyer Jr. is the Democratic nominee for 8th District congressional seat Democrat in Northern Virginia. The seat has been occupied since 1992 by Democrat Jim Moran, who is not seeking reelection.
Beyer served two terms as Virginia's lieutenant governor from 1990 to 1998. He ran for governor in 1997 and lost to Republican Jim Gilmore. From 2009 to 2013, he was ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein.  
Beyer and his younger brother, Michael, are the owners of nine car dealerships in Northern Virginia.
Beyer was born in 1950 in Trieste, Italy, the son of a U.S. Army officer. He was raised in Washington, D.C. and graduated from Williams College, magna cum laude, with a degree in economics.
 
Date: April 12, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: immigration;population
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Beyer said, "But for immigrants, we would have a contracting population." A Pew study cited by Beyer’s office doesn’t support the congressman’s . It shows that the U.S. population would have expanded by about half of its 68 percent growth during the past 50 years if no immigration had taken place. Looking ahead, Pew projects that 88 percent of the nation’s growth during the next 50 years will come from new immigrants, their children and grandchildren. But starting in 2045, the report says, all of the net growth will come from immigrants. Beyer’s statement, in the present tense, wrongly suggests that without immigrants the U.S. population now would be in decline. But some context needs to be added. His statement came while he was talking about the need for immigrants to fill U.S. jobs "10 years from now, 15 years from now." In the future - say, 30 years from now - the Pew projections point to Beyer being right. But not now, or in 10 or 15 years. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Says nearly 1 million people are "coming to town" in the next 20 years.
Speaker: lee leffingwell
About the speaker: Lee Leffingwell, initially elected mayor in 2009, is a former Austin City Council member and retired airline pilot. Leffingwell, a past chair of the city's Environmental Board, grew up in Austin's Bouldin neighborhood, according to the biography posted on the city's web site.
Date: May 5, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: population
Context: an opinion column
Fact-check justification: Leffingwell and Spelman wrote that nearly a million people are "coming to town" in the next 20 years. Don’t pack those bags just yet; the city projects Austin’s population to increase by about 330,000--far short of a million--by 2035. The  retains an element of , though, in that the city stands to confront pressures related to many more additional residents expected in the region. Regardless, all those newbies are not predicted to be moving to town, making the published statement .
Statement: Our economy is growing at its fastest pace in nearly four years. Unemployment is at an all-time low.
Speaker: shelley moore capito
About the speaker: Shelley Moore Capito is a U.S. Representative from West Virginia and a Republican candidate for U.S. Senate.
Date: January 3, 2019
Location: west virginia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: And for most of 1951, 1952 and 1953, it was also under 3.7 percent. Our Ruling Capito said, "Our economy is growing at its fastest pace in nearly four years. Unemployment is at an all-time low." She’s right about the pace of economic growth, and she’s close on the unemployment rate, which has in recent months been at its lowest rate in about half a century, though not since the creation of the statistic. We rate her statement .
Statement: Pasco County schools have graduation rates "substantially higher than the state average" and dropout rates "below the state average.
Speaker: heather fiorentino
About the speaker: Heather Fiorentino is the superintendent of Pasco County's public schools. She was elected superintendent in 2004, after serving six years in the Florida House of Representatives and five years on the New Port Richey City Council.
Date: January 6, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Fiorentino accurately touts the district’s improved dropout rate. State reports show the district dropout rate was 1.0 percent for 2010-11, down from 3.5 percent in 2006-07. The overall state rates were 3.3 percent in 2006-07 and 1.9 percent in 2010-11, so Pasco did show better improvement than the state. Fiorentino is on solid ground in these two numeric claims about the district’s academic performance. We rate this  .
Statement: Activities by foreign governments had "absolutely no effect on the outcome of this election.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 6, 2017
Location: national
Topics: elections;homeland security;foreign policy
Context: a statement released by the transition office
Fact-check justification: After meeting with senior intelligence officials about the details of a soon-to-be-released report on alleged Russian hacking, Trump said that activities by foreign governments had "absolutely no effect on the outcome of this election." Trump can use the intelligence report to bolster this assertion only in one limited way -- that Russia did not succeed in tampering with vote counts (though it appears to have tried). On the broader issue of whether Russia had any impact on the outcome of the election, the report specifically noted that it didn’t address this issue, and Clapper in his Senate testimony didn’t either. Saying there was no Russian ballot-tampering is not the same thing as saying there was no Russian influence on the election. Political scientists say it’s impossible to move beyond informed speculation about whether there was a Russian impact on the election’s outcome -- or, importantly, whether there wasn’t an impact. Trump’s formulation, echoed by later statements by those in his camp, offers a definitive, broad-brush conclusion that isn’t proven by the , and really can’t be. We rate this statement .
Statement: Democrats Filing TREASON Charges Against Trump, McConnell, Giuliani, & Comey.
Speaker: realtime politics
About the speaker: Realtime Politics is a website and aggregator.
Date: December 11, 2016
Topics: legal issues;punditfact
Fact-check justification: Realtime Politics, echoing posts elsewhere, headlined an article, "Democrats Filing TREASON Charges Against Trump, McConnell, Giuliani, & Comey." It’s unclear whether such a request has been made, but calling the complaints "charges" is . Only prosecutors, not ordinary Americans, can file "charges." Moreover, experts told us that the likelihood of actual criminal charges for treason being filed are small, at least given what’s known about the  so far. Among other things, treason has historically been judged to require a state of war, something that does not currently exist between the United States and Russia. We rate the statement .
Statement: There are actually half a million fewer government employees now than there were when (President Barack) Obama took office.
Speaker: paul krugman
About the speaker: Paul Krugman is a columnist for the New York Times and professor of Economics and International Affairs at Princeton University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2008. He describes himself as liberal.
Date: July 11, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;pundits;workers
Context: a "New York Times" column
Fact-check justification: So how does all this relate to Krugman’s comment? The fact that federal employment outside the Postal Service has risen by 6.7 percent in the past two and a half years is an important point to recognize for anyone studying employment trends. But Krugman was careful enough to avoid suggesting that federal employment declined by a half-million jobs. In fact, since a large chunk of the stimulus came in the form of aid to states -- specifically to help save jobs in education and other government sectors -- using total government employment figures as a yardstick seems reasonable to us. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Sixty million Americans depend on Social Security, and one-third of all the seniors in America depend on Social Security for 90 percent of their income.
Speaker: mike huckabee
About the speaker: Mike Huckabee ran for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former governor of Arkansas; he also sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. He left hosting a self-titled television show on Fox News in January 2015.
Date: June 2, 2015
Location: national
Topics: income;retirement;social security
Context: Orlando
Fact-check justification: Huckabee said, "60 million Americans depend on Social Security, and one-third of all the seniors in America depend on Social Security for 90 percent of their income." Huckabee’s numbers reflect official statistics, though slightly lowballed: About 64 million Americans receive Social Security benefits and about 36 percent of seniors depend on it for 90 percent of their income, according to the Social Security Administration.  Some take issue with those statistics, saying they understate the importance of irregular sources of income and therefore may overstate the importance of Social Security. However, experts agree with the gist of Huckabee’s idea: Broadly speaking, Social Security beneficiaries need the cash to make ends meet. We rate the  .
Statement: Says an image of armed anti-lockdown protesters and an image of unarmed Minneapolis protesters being tear gassed were taken in the "same state, same month.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 27, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says an image of armed protesters who weren’t tear gassed by police and an image of unarmed protesters shielding themselves from tear gas were both taken in May in Minnesota. One is, but one is not. The image of armed protesters is from Michigan in April. The statement contains an element of  about disparate responses but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate the  .
Statement: The Russian state has never interfered ... into internal American affairs including election process.
Speaker: vladimir putin
About the speaker: Vladimir Putin is the president of Russia.
Date: July 16, 2018
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Putin said, "The Russian state has never interfered ... into internal American affairs including election process." A mountain of  testifies to the fact that Russia meddled in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. The U.S. intelligence community and a Republican-led Senate panel concluded independently of each other that Kremlin-directed operatives stole private data, used propaganda against particular candidates, and engaged in an overall effort to undermine public faith in the U.S. democratic process. A Republican-led House panel found in its own investigation that Russia conducted cyberattacks during the 2016 campaign. These findings are supported by indictments stemming from the special counsel’s investigation.  There is no public  to suggest that the post-Cold War Russian government had previously interfered in a U.S. election at levels near the 2016 meddling, but the Soviet Union made several attempts to do so prior to its collapse in 1991. We rate this .
Statement: Says "Harry Reid, when asked about the Republican field, said the Republican he likes the best is Donald Trump, and he said, because I can work with him. He'll cut deals.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: February 28, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Cruz said, "Harry Reid, when asked about the Republican field, said the Republican he likes the best is Donald Trump, and he said, because I can work with him. He'll cut deals." Reid did tell reporters that "with that bunch of people running, I'm kind of pulling for" Trump, but he quickly went to the Senate floor to clarify that he had been joking. Indeed, Reid has spoken out forcefully and repeatedly against Trump’s candidacy, both before and after the comments Cruz referenced. And importantly, Reid said nothing about Trump’s willingness to cut deals. We rate Cruz’s statement .
Statement: It's expressly prohibited by law that you can read and wholly surveil domestic email traffic in the United States.
Speaker: mike rogers
About the speaker: Mike Rogers is a Republican from Michigan who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2001 to 2015, including a stint as chairman of the House Intelligence Committee. A former FBI special agent, he is now a national security commentator for CNN.
Date: June 9, 2013
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;legal issues;terrorism
Context: an interview on ABC’s "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Rogers suggested Americans are protected against NSA eyeballs on their email, claiming, "It's expressly prohibited by law that you can read and wholly surveil domestic e-mail traffic in the United States." He’s right that surveillance authorized under Section 702 of FISA prohibits targeting Americans or intentionally collecting domestic email. But it doesn’t explicitly protect against gathering up records as a byproduct of foreign surveillance. The government can also seek authorization for surveilling an American’s email if it can show that person is an agent of a foreign power. Rogers’  is accurate, but it needs additional information. We rate it .
Statement: The Great Recession emerged "in large part because of tax policies that slashed taxes on the wealthy, failed to invest in the middle class, took their eyes off of Wall Street, and created a perfect storm.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: September 26, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;financial regulation;history;taxes
Context: the first presidential debate at Hofstra University
Fact-check justification: Clinton said the Great Recession emerged "in large part because of tax policies that slashed taxes on the wealthy, failed to invest in the middle class, took their eyes off of Wall Street, and created a perfect storm." It’s broadly accepted that lack of Wall Street regulation played a role, and it’s arguable that income inequality helped set the conditions. But an ideological cross-section of economists agreed that the recession was primarily caused by a housing bubble that turned into a financial crisis, and that it was caused by many factors more significant than low taxes. So for Clinton to say that tax cuts for the rich "in large part" caused the Great Recession is a significant exaggeration. We rate it .
Statement: Says "only about 2 percent" of gun sales in Virginia are not subject to background checks.
Speaker: thomas norment, jr.
About the speaker: Sen. Thomas K. Norment, Jr., R-3rd, was elected to the Virginia State Senate in 1991. The 3rd District includes all of Gloucester, King and Queen, King WIlliam and New Kent counties, Poquoson and parts of Isle of Wight, Surry, York and James City counties and Suffolk and Hampton. Norment has served as majority and minority leader and currently serves as majority leader since 2012.
Norment is chairman of the senate's Courts of Justice Committee. He also serves on the Rules, Finance, Commerce and Labor, and Rehabilitation and Social Services committees.
Norment, an attorney with Kaufman and Canoles, graduated from Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, in 1968, and College of Willaim and Mary's Marshall-Wythe School of Law in 1973. He was born in Richmond.
 
Date: October 5, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: guns
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Norment said "only about 2 percent" of gun sales in Virginia are not subject to background checks. A spokesman says Norment erred, and we agree. No one knows how many guns are sold privately in Virginia or nationwide these days. Statistics aren’t available. We rate Norment’s statement .
Statement: The "48, 49 percent" that supports President Barack Obama are "people who pay no income tax.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: May 17, 2012
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a surreptitiously recorded speech to donors at a fundraiser
Fact-check justification: Romney said that the "48, 49 percent" that supports President Barack Obama are "people who pay no income tax." But the polls and income tax data don't back this up. Obama gets substantial support from people earning more than $50,000 -- and 90 percent of them, or more, do pay taxes. And Romney gets lots of support from seniors, many of whom have no income tax liability. We rate the  .