chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says photo of man shows "diseases coming across the border.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 2, 2018
Topics: immigration;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: There is no  that undocumented immigrants to the U.S. are carrying deadly diseases. Spread of disease is more likely from the much larger numbers of legal crossing across the border and the number of international travelers visiting other countries and then returning to the United States. We rate this  .
Statement: It's commercial vehicles, 18 wheelers and above … that cause 90 plus percent of the damages on our highways and bridges.
Speaker: gina raimondo
About the speaker: Gina Raimondo served a four-year term as Rhode Island's general treasurer beginning in Jan. 4, 2011 before being elected governor in 2014. She cofounded and served as a general partner of Point Judith Capital. She is a graduate of Yale Law School and a Rhodes Scholar. She is married with two children.
Date: May 27, 2015
Location: rhode island
Topics: infrastructure;transportation
Context: news conference
Fact-check justification: Raimondo’s   that "18 wheelers and above cause 90 plus percent of the damages to our highways and bridges" was quickly corrected by her spokeswoman. Fine. But neither Raimondo nor the state’s PowerPoint discussed damage from weather — or from deferred maintenance for that matter —  leaving the impression that those heavy trucks were the only problem.   For those reasons, we rate her statement, .   (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: 92 percent" of President Barack Obama's administration has "never worked outside government.
Speaker: steve southerland
About the speaker: Steve Southerland, a funeral home owner in the Florida Panhandle, was elected to the U.S. House representing Congressional District 2 on Nov. 2, 2010. He lost re-election to Democrat Gwen Graham on Nov. 4, 2014.
Date: January 17, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;economy
Context: comments at the Liberty County Chamber of Commerce annual dinner
Fact-check justification: While rating someone's degree of private-sector experience is an inexact science, Southerland at the least is guilty of failing to keep up with Cembalest's own opinion on the matter. Cembalest now says that of Obama's Cabinet appointees that he studied, more than 20 percent have private sector experience. But more than that, the study itself is highly subjective, first because it cherry picks what Cabinet appointees to consider, and second because it unilaterally tries to define private sector work. On top of that, Southerland didn't single out the Cabinet, but instead said "administration," which is a far wider pool of people. We rate this  .
Statement: I never proposed privatizing the (Milwaukee County) airport.
Speaker: jeff stone
About the speaker: Jeff Stone has served as a Republican member of the Wisconsin state Assembly since 1998, representing southern Milwaukee County suburbs. He ran unsuccessfully for Milwaukee County executive in 2011.
Date: December 15, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: transportation;voting record
Context: a news conference with reporters
Fact-check justification: Stone’s airport proposal would have created a quasi-public governance structure at Mitchell International Airport. A significant change, to be sure. But his approach stopped far short of turning the airport over to a private concern. Even a leading union official for Milwaukee County employees says calling the plan "privatization" overshoots the runway. We rate Stone’s  .
Statement: Californians pay "the highest electricity bills" in the nation.
Speaker: john cox
About the speaker: John Cox is a Republican businessman who lives in San Diego County. He is a candidate in the 2021 election to recall California Gov. Gavin Newsom. He ran and lost in the 2018 race for California governor.
Date: October 21, 2017
Location: california
Topics: energy;gas prices;state budget;states;the 2018 california governor's race;taxes
Context: a Capital Public Radio interview
Fact-check justification: Candidate for governor John Cox recently claimed California has "the highest electricity bills" in the country. Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration shows California’s average monthly electricity bills in 2016 ranked far below the national average, particularly in the residential and industrial sectors. They were 40th and 42nd, respectively. The state’s average monthly commercial electricity bills were more expensive, at fifth highest, though still not "the highest" as Cox claimed. California’s electricity prices are more expensive than in many states. Customers in the state, however, consume far less electricity than the national average, which drives down the cost of bills. Even if Cox had claimed California had the highest electricity rates, he would still be off the mark. Cox’s campaign offered no  to back up his . We rate it .    –  The statement is not accurate. Click here for more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Pennsylvania (is) the only state in the country not to tax drillers.
Speaker: tom wolf
About the speaker: Tom Wolf is a Democrat running for the gubernatorial nomination in Pennsylvania in 2014. Wolf, a businessman, served as state revenue secretary in 2007 and 2008 under Democratic Gov. Ed Rendell.
Date: March 23, 2018
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: energy
Context: Campaign video
Fact-check justification: He's  in implying those same lobbyists spent $60 million in direct opposition to severance tax proposals.  He's  about Pennsylvania being the only state without a severance tax, though it's the only "major gas-producing state" without one.  It's also  to imply that nothing has been done to tap drilling activity for municipal or state gain in Pennsylvania. The result of all this is a lack of context being passed on to viewers and voters. For those reasons, we rate the  .
Statement: Says Bill Gates said, "We're taking things that are genetically modified organisms, and we're injecting them into little kids' arms" in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 26, 2023
Topics: children;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: They were about doing tests on genetically modified organisms in food, similarly to how  vaccines are tested before they are used. We rate the post . RELATED: Bird flu is not a pandemic, and Bill Gates didn’t say children are being targeted RELATED: Bill Gates didn’t say he wanted to use vaccines to reduce the population RELATED: Gates’ comments on renewable energy taken out of context
Statement: American aluminum and steel "are vital to our national security. ... They are the bedrock of our defense industrial base.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 8, 2018
Location: national
Topics: military;trade
Context: remarks before a Cabinet meeting
Fact-check justification: Trump said that American aluminum and steel "are vital to our national security. ... They are the bedrock of our defense industrial base." Military purchases account for a small fraction of U.S. production for both metals, to say nothing of foreign imports. Critics add that the tariffs could have negative impacts on national security that aren’t taken into account by the White House or Commerce Department. Bolstering Trump’s point, however, the 1962 law used as justification for the tariffs specifically allows a more expansive definition that adds far-reaching critical infrastructure to specific military activities. Because this  needs so much additional context, we rate the statement .
Statement: Four North Carolina Republicans made "campaign promises" to protect reproductive rights
Speaker: roy cooper
About the speaker: Roy Cooper, a Democrat, is the governor of North Carolina. Previously he was the attorney general, a state senator and a state representative.
Date: May 4, 2023
Location: north carolina
Topics: abortion
Context: a video posted to Twitter
Fact-check justification: Cooper said Bradford, Cotham, Davis and Lee "made campaign promises to protect women’s reproductive health." In three of the cases, Cooper was right. Bradford and Davis said they planned to support the status quo on abortion and  Cotham said she would seek to expand access. But Cooper’s  about Lee misses the mark. Lee said he’d support limiting abortion to the first trimester — something the GOP bill largely does. So, if Lee voted for the 12-week ban, he would not be backtracking on his campaign statement. Cooper’s  is partially accurate but leaves out important context. That’s our definition of .
Statement: Calling for the assassination of the president is a federal crime.
Speaker: william lacy clay
About the speaker: William Lacy Clay is a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives representing a St. Louis-based district in Missouri.
Date: August 18, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: legal issues
Context: the St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Fact-check justification: Clay said, "Calling for the assassination of the President is a federal crime." While calling for the assassination of a president can be a crime, context matters. Decisions need to be made on a case-by-case basis to determine if someone’s statement is a  threat with intent that could lead to prosecution. In Chappelle-Nadal’s case, experts agreed that her statement was more wishful thinking than incitement to assassinate the president. Therefore, Clay’s statement was missing important details and was an overgeneralization of the law. We rate it .
Statement: The media called the 2016 election for Hillary Clinton.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 7, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Associated Press called the race for Trump at 2:29 a.m. Eastern Time on Nov. 9 , and a few minutes later, TV networks started to report that Clinton had called Trump to concede . We rate claims that the media called the election for Clinton . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: We have not had unemployment this high for this long since the Great Depression.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: July 17, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: interview on CBS's "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: So the current economic downturn has a longer period of unemployment rates above 9 percent, but the 1982-83 recession had overall higher unemployment rates. No other period in modern U.S. history compares. Rubio is right on about the country's current unemployment outlook not being "this high for this long since the Great Depression." But he fails to note a comparable period in the early '80s that -- while shorter by seven months -- had several months of higher overall unemployment. We rate Rubio's statement .
Statement: I think we came down here (to Florida) one time ... but we weren't actively fundraising here.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 22, 2008
Location: national
Topics: ethics
Context: Tampa, Fla
Fact-check justification: No, that's doesn't amount to a whole lot, and some may consider it nitpicking to say otherwise. But the fact is that after signing the "no campaigning" pledge, Obama came to Florida twice — a month apart — and held four private fundraising events. We call that active fundraising. And while Obama's Florida finance director doesn't think Michelle Obama's visit counts when Obama says "we" have only been to Florida one time, we think it does. We rate Obama's statement .
Statement: There's actually a court order that prevents keeping the kids with the parents when you put the parents in jail.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: June 11, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;children;legal issues;crime
Context: Dallas
Fact-check justification: Cruz said a court order "prevents keeping the kids with the parents when you put the parents in jail." There’s an element of  to Cruz’s interpretation of the 1997 Flores agreement requiring children to be released or placed in least restrictive settings. As he said, children can’t be jailed with their parents. But that’s  in any situation in which a parent is sent to jail. However, the agreement doesn't mandate the separations occurring on the border, which have stepped up due to a Trump administration change in enforcement policy. If anything, the agreement focuses on ways to protect immigrant children and to reunite them with their families. We rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: All signs seem to point to Hillary (Clinton) laying the groundwork to run for president again.
Speaker: kay hoflander
About the speaker: Kay Hoflander is the chair of the Missouri Republican Party.
Date: October 11, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a fundraising email
Fact-check justification: Kay Hoflander said, "All signs seem to point to Hillary laying the groundwork to run for president again," in a Missouri GOP fundraising email. Clinton has not filed as a candidate with the FEC, and it is no longer possible for her to get on the primary ballot in Alabama. In previous months, Clinton has said she will not run, and experts believe it would be difficult for her to enter the race now. Experts also said Clinton hasn’t done anything that would be considered "laying the groundwork" to run again. Despite whispers and rumors, at this time no concrete steps have been taken to lay the groundwork for a Clinton 2020 campaign. The  appears to be an unsubstantiated fundraising tactic. We rate this  .
Statement: People buy more items during Georgia's sales-tax holidays, boosting economic activity.
Speaker: rick mcallister
About the speaker: Rick McAllister is president of the Georgia Retailers Association.
Date: March 27, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a news report
Fact-check justification: The retail association’s consultants failed to take all of that into consideration. McAllister claimed that the tax holidays spur sales and boost the economy. It’s  that the breaks are popular with shoppers, who do respond to the sales. But the overwhelming  is that people are buying what they would need with or without the break. We rate McAllister’s  .
Statement: Says there's no proven instance where hydraulic fracking has polluted groundwater.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: December 18, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: environment;energy;public safety
Context: Decorah, Iowa
Fact-check justification: Perry’s comment, focused on "proven" incidents of groundwater polluted by the specific step of breaking the shale rock, holds up. However, the definition of fracking is debated -- and if we rope in all incidents that take place at such wells, there have been more than a few reported incidents of groundwater contamination. We rate the  .
Statement: Says in March New Jersey was "one of only eight states in the nation to lose jobs" and "the state with the highest loss of jobs in the nation.
Speaker: barbara buono
About the speaker:  Barbara Buono is a Democratic state senator representing part of Middlesex County. Buono previously served in the State Assembly from 1994 to 2001.
Date: May 7, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs
Context: an interview on The Dom Giordano Show
Fact-check justification: While criticizing Christie, Buono said New Jersey was "one of only eight states in the nation to lose jobs" and "the state with the highest loss of jobs in the nation." Though she preceded those comments by citing private-sector job loss in March, Buono said her statements referred to overall job loss in that month. Either way, 20 states lost jobs in March, not eight. New Jersey ranked, in both net and percentage terms, among the worst states for job loss in March. But in the last year the state added jobs. On the -O-Meter, this statement rates . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Mark Harris has said he would abolish the Department of Education.
Speaker: dan mccready
About the speaker: Dan McCready is a Democrat who's running for Congress in North Carolina's 9th District
Date: October 17, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: education
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: McCready said, "Mark Harris has said he would abolish the Department of Education." In 2014, during a GOP primary debate for the U.S. Senate, Harris said he thought there were enough problems with the Education Department to get rid of it. His statements since then have supported that position. We rate McCready’s statement . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide.
Statement: Since Newtown, more people have died at the end of a gun than we have lost in Afghanistan.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: June 18, 2013
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a tweet from Barack Obama's Twitter feed
Fact-check justification: Lastly, it’s important to note that one expects deaths in a war zone. The gun deaths in the United States represent deaths during peacetime. Biden said America has lost more people to guns since Newtown than it has in the war in Afghanistan. He is correct that more than twice as many people died in the past six months as did in 12 years of fighting. We rate his statement .
Statement: The media reported on "5 TikTok dances you can do to help Ukraine fight Russia.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 3, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram. ) We found the March 1 story on Cinch News. Other headlines on the site were suspicious — "It’s time to abolish gendered days," for example. A "Why" section confirmed Cinch is "a satirical publication. "  We rate claims that this is a real news story .
Statement: Says when Bernie Sanders was in college, Sanders said "something very similar" to what conservative Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice Rebecca Bradley had written as a college student in the 1990s -- that "women have a legitimate role in date rape.
Speaker: bill mccoshen
About the speaker: Bill McCoshen, a Republican, is a political consultant in Madison, Wis. He is also executive director of Competitive Wisconsin, a consortium of agriculture, business, education and labor leaders. He served as the state commerce secretary under GOP Wisconsin Gov. Tommy Thompson and as Thompson's campaign manager.
Date: March 11, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;crime;sexuality;women
Context: a talk show
Fact-check justification: Our rating McCoshen says that when Sanders was in college, he said "something very similar" to what Bradley had written -- that "women have a legitimate role in date rape." Bradley was in college when, in an anti-feminism column, she wrote that a professor had "legitimately suggested that women play a role in date rape." Sanders was eight years out of college when he wrote in a column about gender roles: "A woman enjoys intercourse with her man — as she fantasizes being raped by three men simultaneously.’’ So, both Sanders and Bradley wrote about rape in ways that were offensive to some women, although their columns were about different and broader topics. For a statement that is partially accurate, we give McCoshen a