chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Crime in Germany is way up.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 18, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;corrections and updates;crime
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said that crime in Germany is "way up." The opposite is . Crime in Germany is down from 2016 by over 9 percent, and since 2012 by about 4 percent. The numbers don’t link a rise in the number of immigrants to a rise in criminality nationwide. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Trump volunteered his airline to bring troops home during Operation Desert Storm.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 31, 2019
Topics: fake news;history;military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The airline contracted with the Department of Defense to transport soldiers on charter flights in the early 1990s and was founded by Zev Melamid, Mordechi Gill, Morris Nachtomi and Sam Fondlier in 1982, according to Airline History records .   When Tower Air filed for bankruptcy in May 2000, Nachtomi was listed as its CEO.   To summarize our findings, Trump Shuttle planes were contracted by the U.S. military to transport personnel around the country while the airline was in the process of being sold; it was not under Trump’s control at the time. Trump was not affiliated with Tower Air, which contracted with the Department of Defense in the 1990s to transport soldiers stationed overseas. We rate this Facebook story .
Statement: 29 mass shootings have been committed by concealed carriers since 2007, while during this period only one (1) licensed civilian meaningfully intervened in a mass shooting.
Speaker: gun free ut gun free ut
About the speaker: We are broad association of faculty, staff, students, parents and alumni of the University of Texas and we are opposed to guns on campus.
Date: October 29, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: guns
Context: web site blog post
Fact-check justification: An attempt by Bearing Arms to refute the  calls the incidents mass killings, but uses the FBI definition for mass murder. The claims leaves out information that could clarify the tangle of definitions used.   By Gun Free UT's own admission, the website  lacks context. The second  that only one licensed civilian intervened in a mass shooting is  by the FBI definition of a mass shooting, but bolsters Gun Free UT’s cause because no armed civilian has intervened in a mass shooting. We rate this  .
Statement: Federal law requires that hospitals treat people whether or not they can pay. So someone (who) doesn't have health insurance --  they can go to the hospital and get free care.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: July 5, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care;new hampshire 2012
Context: Wolfeboro, N.H
Fact-check justification: Romney said that federal law "requires that hospitals treat people whether or not they can pay. So someone doesn’t have health insurance they can go to the hospital and get free care." Experts told us that one aspect of Romney's argument has some validity: Many people rely on emergency rooms for care when they have nowhere else to go, which is expensive and a burden on the health care system and the larger society. And hospitals sometimes provide more free care than the law requires. But Romney is wrongly suggesting more extensive treatment is required by federal law. He implies that hospitals are required to provide more free care than is actually mandated. In fact, the law just requires stabilizing treatment in an emergency. We rate his  .
Statement: Minority Leader Robert Reives "sent out a statement … encouraging us to resign and/or (face) a primary challenge.
Speaker: tricia cotham
About the speaker: Tricia Cotham represents Mecklenburg County in the North Carolina House of Representatives. Elected as a Democrat in 2022, Cotham switched parties and registered as a Republican in April 2023 -- giving the GOP a supermajority in the state legislature. She previously served in the state House from 2008 to 2016.
Date: April 5, 2023
Location: north carolina
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Cotham said "Reives sent out a statement … encouraging us to resign and/or (face) a primary challenge." We asked Cotham what statement she was referring to. She didn’t respond to repeated requests for comment. Exactly a week before Cotham’s announcement, Reives, a party leader, released a statement about a vote Cotham missed. In it, he praised Democrats who showed up to vote against a gubernatorial veto override on gun permits. He called on people who were unhappy with the GOP’s veto to cast their vote in 2024. But Reives didn’t call for anyone to resign nor did he specifically encourage a primary against anyone who helped Republicans repeal the pistol permit requirement. We rate Cotham’s  .
Statement: You must apply to get your second stimulus check! I've already filed for mine and will be receiving $2,000 a month for the rest of the year.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 14, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Because if you click on the link it leads to an image of a gorilla with its middle finger extended. (This is the same gorilla from the FEMA hoax.)   Many Americans received a check for $1,200 as part of a stimulus package aimed at helping people and an economy hurt by the coronavirus pandemic. A bill authorizing a second round of stimulus payments passed the U.S. House in May, but the legislation has not cleared the Senate.   We rate this Facebook post !
Statement: Says Mark Zandi, who wrote a report criticizing Donald Trump's economic proposals, is "one of Sen. John McCain's former economic advisers.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 21, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Raleigh, N.C
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that Mark Zandi, who wrote a report criticizing Trump’s economic proposals, is "one of John McCain's former economic advisers." Zandi was a donor and adviser to the McCain campaign, but that’s not the full picture of his political affiliations. As it turns out, Zandi is a registered Democrat and donated the maximum amount to Clinton’s primary campaign. Zandi is a well-respected economist, and we are not in this fact-check casting doubt on the credibility of his Trump report or his work generally. He has advised and worked on issues for politicians on both sides of the aisle for many years. But Clinton is invoking Zandi’s name to make the case that even Republicans oppose Trump’s economic proposals, and this argument is nearly hollow. We rate her  .
Statement: The Benghazi victims were "left helpless to die as Hillary Clinton soundly slept in her bed.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 22, 2016
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;terrorism
Context: New York
Fact-check justification: Trump said the Benghazi victims were "left helpless to die as Hillary Clinton soundly slept in her bed." Clinton was not literally sleeping when the Benghazi attacks unfolded, as it was mid afternoon on a Tuesday in Washington. She worked late into the night, as is evidenced by an 11 p.m. email. If we take Trump’s  more broadly, that Clinton was inattentive throughout the hours in which the attacks occurred, none of the many congressional investigations into Benghazi have made that assertion. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: The GOP health care plan gives "$275 billion in tax breaks for the top 2 percent, people earning $250,000 a year or more.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: March 8, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care;taxes
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "All In With Chis Hayes"
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that the Republican House health care plan would cut taxes on the wealthiest 2 percent by $275 billion. While Sanders didn’t specify the time frame, that is a 10-year estimate from a neutral congressional committee. Estimates that look a decade ahead are typical in budgeting circles. The one point where Sanders erred most was in labeling the affected taxpayers as the "top 2 percent." According to government data, a more accurate number is 4.4 percent. But that’s still a small sliver of the population. We rate this  .
Statement: Says President Donald "Trump promised 13,000 new jobs to the people of #Wisconsin. 3 years later, we're still waiting…
Speaker: gwen moore
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore is a Democratic member of Congress, representing Wisconsin's 4th District, which primarily includes Milwaukee. Moore, who served in the state Legislature from 1989 to 2004, was elected to Congress in 2004.
Date: February 14, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Moore said Trump promised 13,000 new jobs, and "we’re still waiting" three years later. She’s right that Trump referred to the jobs figure in what could reasonably be called a promise. But she’s off base with the impatient tone that implies those jobs are somehow overdue. The earliest date that could be seen as a deadline for 13,000 jobs is 2022, since Foxconn said in the state agreement it would seek to hire that many in that timeframe. While Foxconn’s progress has been slow, it’s not fair to  we should be at 13,000 jobs by now. We rate Moore’s  .
Statement: The "Democratic Party is getting smaller and smaller and smaller.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: October 14, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: elections
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that the "Democratic Party is getting smaller and smaller and smaller." Democrats have lost a significant number of seats and federal and state offices throughout the Obama administration. The party as a whole, however, is stable or has grown both in terms of the electorate and its party organizations. Cruz’s  is partly accurate, but leaves out important context about the Democratic Party beyond its elected officials. We rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The major immigration issue was about Poles, and Bulgarians, and Romanians," and that they weren't contributing economically. "The unemployment rate among Poles in Britain is lower than the unemployment rate among Brits.
Speaker: david miliband
About the speaker: David Miliband is the president of the International Rescue Committee.
Date: June 26, 2016
Topics: global news service;immigration;economy;jobs
Context: comments on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Miliband said, "The major immigration issue was about Poles, and Bulgarians, and Romanians," and that they weren’t contributing economically. "The unemployment rate among Poles in Britain is lower than the unemployment rate among Brits." The official government numbers back him up. The most recent data we found had Poles with a 3.5 percent rate,compared to 5 percent for the nation as a whole. The gap has been consistent for at least several years. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/6fa16754-3e34-467c-837d-86a0b94b2ab8
Statement: Here in Nevada, the DMV registers everybody (to vote) and so that means illegals. They don't check.
Speaker: jim marchant
About the speaker: Jim Marchant is the Republican candidate for Secretary of State in Nevada. In 2016, Marchant won the Nevada State Assembly seat representing District 37 in Las Vegas. He ran for Congress in 2020 and lost.
Date: August 9, 2022
Location: nevada
Topics: immigration;elections
Context: an interview with Steve Bannon
Fact-check justification: Marchant said, "Here in Nevada, the DMV registers everybody (to vote) and so that means illegals. They don’t check." His comments imply that state officials routinely allow immigrants who are in the U.S. illegally to register to vote. He provided no  for his .  The DMV takes steps to allow only eligible citizens to fill out voter registration paperwork, which includes completing a form declaring citizenship status. Applicants who present immigration documents are not processed for voter registration. We rate this statement . PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed research for this article. RELATED : JD Vance’s ad about ‘open border’ and immigrant voters is  RELATED : Factchecking Arizona’s Blake Masters’  of open borders and Democratic amnesty plans RELATED : How ‘stop the steal’ Republicans seeking office hope to restrict voting
Statement: On the Republican tax plan: "Unfortunately, the wealthy are, again, not going to do well in this bill
Speaker: claudia tenney
About the speaker: Claudia Tenney is a member of Congress from New York's 22nd district. She represents the area stretching from Utica to Binghamton.
Date: December 3, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: taxes
Context: a local news interview
Fact-check justification: Tenney said "the wealthy are, again, not going to do well in this bill." There can be many variables figured into each person's tax return. So generalizing the affects of a far-reaching tax bill can be tricky. But research shows that Tenney’s statement is . Experts agree the wealthiest taxpayers would have come out ahead in the House tax plan. They may lose the deduction for state and local taxes, but research shows that loss is outweighed by other benefits. The final tax plan includes many of the same benefits for the wealthy as the House bill. We did not consider those for our ruling since Tenney was talking about the House bill. We rate her  .
Statement: Texas and Florida have a "balanced budget" while California is "in debt $54 billion and New York is "in debt $6.1 billion.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 18, 2020
Location: california
Topics: facebook fact-checks;florida;new york;coronavirus;texas
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said Texas and Florida have a "balanced budget" while California is "in debt $54 billion" and New York is "in debt $6.1 billion." This post misleads readers in multiple ways. First, it is possible to have debt and a balanced budget. Second, the post mixes up debt with budget shortfalls. All four states carry billions in debt. Third, it’s difficult to compare the current financial status of four different states because they have different budget cycles and the impact of the pandemic remains a moving economic target.  While Florida and Texas have passed balance budgets, they too are certain to face economic woes related to the pandemic.  In early May, California officials projected a $54 billion shortfall, but a new budget proposal lays out a plan to balance the budget, although it still leaves a projected future deficit.  The $6.1 billion figure for New York stems from projections late last year about a shortfall, and ignores that the state has since passed a balanced budget. This statement rates .
Statement: In 1978, a student who worked a minimum-wage summer job could afford to pay a year's full tuition at the 4-year public university of their choice.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 7, 2014
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;education;income;workers
Context: a meme on social media
Fact-check justification: The meme said that "in 1978, a student who worked a minimum-wage summer job could afford to pay a year's full tuition at the 4-year public university of their choice." If you use the national average the figure is correct. The only problem is the part about a university "of their choice." The data is correct for in-state tuition -- not for any university in the country, where out-of-state rates may well have kicked up the tuition amount beyond a summer’s minimum-wage haul. On balance, we rate the  . CORRECTION : After we published this article, a reader noticed that we had used the  tuition figure from the National Center for Education Statistics chart. This version uses the correct figure. The rating remains at .
Statement: Together we added more jobs than any other area" while I was Dane County executive.
Speaker: kathleen falk
About the speaker: Kathleen Falk, a Wisconsin Democrat, lost a bid in 2012 for the Democratic nomination to run against Gov. Scott Walker in a recall election. Falk served as the Dane County executive from 1997 to 2011. She ran unsuccessfully for governor in 2002 and for state attorney general in 2006.
Date: April 9, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: county budget;county government;economy;jobs;message machine 2012
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The converse is  here; Falk takes too much credit. Her campaign argues Falk deserves credit on job creation because she got federal dollars for infrastructure and community development, created a foreign trade zone to aid export-import opportunities and supported an early childhood program that helps working parents enter the workforce, among other initiatives. We haven’t examined the details of each of those moves, but even if Falk deserves sole credit for all of them, they are certainly not the main drivers of job numbers. In sum, Falk correctly brags about Dane County’s standout record on job creation during her tenure, but  her role in the trend. We rate this  .
Statement: Obama's Justice-designate Sotomayor threw out (the New Haven firefighters') lawsuit in a sneaky, unsigned opinion -- the judicial equivalent of 'talk to the hand.'
Speaker: ann coulter
About the speaker: Ann Coulter is a conservative columnist and author.
Date: July 1, 2009
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;pundits;sotomayor nomination;supreme court
Context: Human Events
Fact-check justification: "    So Coulter — an attorney who is billed as the "legal affairs correspondent for Human Events — is seriously distorting what the judges did. The term "unsigned" has nothing to do with judges trying to duck responsibility for the ruling. The suggestion that appellate court judges could somehow hide their participation is preposterous — the judges' names are on every opinion they issue, unsigned or not. In fact, their names are right near the top. So we find Coulter's  .
Statement: A photo shows Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson on Epstein Island.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 27, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "You love to see it: @TheRock reading ‘This Fight is Our Fight: The Battle to Save America’s Middle Class’ by @ewarren," her campaign’s Twitter account wrote in August 2019. Johnson isn’t the first celebrity to be tangled in a social media hoax wrongly connecting some actors to Epstein. This particular allegation came only a few hours after Johnson, a retired professional wrestler who described himself as "a political independent and centrist for many years," publicly endorsed Biden for president. But this picture of him on the beach is doctored. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Pre-K has gone down since the current mayor took office.
Speaker: dorothy brown
About the speaker: Dorothy Brown is Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois. She is running for mayor of Chicago.
Date: July 15, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: education
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: While knocking Emanuel’s education record, Brown said "pre-K has gone down since the current mayor took office." When we sought clarity, her campaign pointed to a decline in preschool enrollment during Emanuel’s tenure. Brown’s correct on that count, but the number of enrolled preschoolers isn’t the best way to assess the overall health of Chicago’s pre-K programming. First, the district’s population as a whole has dropped during that period, likely contributing to that decrease. Second, available spots in full-day preschool programs have increased by 75 percent under Emanuel, and many parents are snapping them up. As part of that expansion process, some part-day classrooms have been converted to full-day ones, cutting the total number of students those rooms can serve. But research supports investing in full-day preschool programming, especially for lower-income children, because it helps better prepare them for school. Brown’s campaign pointed us to numbers that are technically accurate but don’t tell the full story. We rate her  .