chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Another continent may exist beneath Antarctica, which is also home to homicidal sea creature of unknown origin
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 24, 2022
Topics: environment;animals;facebook fact-checks;russia
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post suggested another continent may exist beneath Antarctica, which is also home to homicidal sea creature of unknown origin referred to as "Organism 46B." "Organism 46B" is a fictional creature. And there is no  of  "another continent" beneath Antarctica. We rate these claims !
Statement: More than 500,000 mail in ballots in Virginia and 200,000 in Nevada were sent to dead people or pets
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 10, 2020
Location: nevada
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks;virginia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Facebook posts said more than 500,000 mail in ballots in Virginia and 200,000 in Nevada were sent to dead people or pets. In Virginia, about 500,000 voters received an application for a ballot — not an actual ballot — that included the  return address for elections offices. In Nevada, around 226,000 ballots for the primary were returned to Clark County because the voters didn’t live at the address.  In neither case, does that add up to  that hundreds of thousands of dead people and pets received ballots. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Joe Biden confused his son and his grandson.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: June 1, 2021
Topics: candidate biography;facebook fact-checks
Context: a TikTok video
Fact-check justification: A USA Today story said Joe Biden’s reference was to his grandson Hunter, and a New York Post story said the grandson accompanied Biden at the service. A Reuters news photo shows Biden’s grandson seated beside him at the service. The president’s son Hunter Biden was in the news during his father’s 2020 presidential campaign over his ties to China and Ukraine . The grandson’s full name is Robert Hunter Biden II, and he was named after his uncle, according to Hunter Biden and media reports . We rate the post .
Statement: Three of the 11 most violent cities in the U.S. are in Missouri — St. Louis, Kansas City, and Springfield.
Speaker: eric greitens
About the speaker: Eric Greitens, a combat veteran who served in Afghanistan and Iraq, founded The Mission Continues, a Missouri-based non-profit that helps returning veterans. He won his race for Missouri governor as a Republican in 2016. He resigned on May 29, 2018 after he was charged with felony computer tampering and faced allegations related to an extramarital affair.
Date: January 17, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: crime
Context: State of the State address
Fact-check justification: Greitens said, "Three of the 11 most violent cities in the U.S. are in Missouri — St. Louis, Kansas City and Springfield." Greitens is basing his comments on high-quality data, but he uses the data in ways that experts recommend against. Experts dispute the reliability of ranking one city against others based on crime rates. Even the FBI, which compiles the statistics, has a policy against the practice. Greitens’ statement is partially accurate but takes things out of context. We rate this  .
Statement: McCain voted 19 times against a minimum-wage increase.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: August 27, 2008
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: Denver
Fact-check justification: Generally, on minimum-wage issues, McCain has been in the middle of the Senate Republicans. He's not one of the few GOP members who regularly vote for Democratic proposals. But he also wasn't one of the three conservatives who voted against the 2007 wage hike, even after the tax breaks were added. Biden, however, never made any  about McCain's votes for minimum-wage bills or his overall record. All he said was that McCain cast 19 votes against raising the minimum wage, and that's .
Statement: Trump wants to cut (Medicare) just to pay for tax breaks to billionaires.
Speaker: priorities usa action
About the speaker: Priorities USA Action is a PAC that is supportive of President Barack Obama.
Date: July 23, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: medicare;taxes
Context: a digital ad
Fact-check justification: The Priorities USA web ad said Trump is cutting Medicare to fund tax breaks for billionaires. Any large-scale tax cuts reduces revenue and can require cuts elsewhere in the federal budget, where Medicare is a high-cost piece. But the ad over-reaches in directly linking tax cuts signed into law almost two years ago and Medicare changes that are still in the works. Referring to the tax cuts simply as "to billionaires" is a stretch as well. The cuts do disproportionately benefit the wealthy, but a very small portion of the money actually goes to billionaires. We rate this  .
Statement: America has been vaccinating cattle for coronavirus for years, yet the news tells you it's new and gunna kill you all so go buy mask.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 27, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims: "America has been vaccinating cattle for coronavirus for years, yet the news tells you it’s new and gunna kill you all so go buy mask." Despite what the post suggests, the existence of a bovine vaccine doesn’t mean there is a coronavirus vaccine for humans, and none is expected soon. We rate the  .
Statement: I've been through four campaigns and have not done any negative campaigning.
Speaker: herb kohl
About the speaker: Herb Kohl served four terms in the U.S. Senate. He is a Democrat  from Wisconsin. The owner of the Milwaukee Bucks, Kohl was elected in 1988, his first run for public office. He retired from the Senate at the end of 2012, and was succeeded by Democrat Tammy Baldwin.
Date: April 28, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: bipartisanship;campaign finance;candidate biography;elections
Context: remarks to reporters
Fact-check justification: It drew some critical attention, but is viewed as a pretty tame response ad. Beyond that, Kohl’s campaigns have engaged in some labeling and name calling. And Kohl’s aggressive 1994 portrayal of Welch as an "extremist" was arguably negative. Kohl is  on target here, with some minor exceptions. .
Statement: Says the Washington Post fact-checked a charge he opposed pre-existing condition protections for health insurance "and gave that Four Pinocchios.
Speaker: peter roskam
About the speaker: Roskam graduated from the University of Illinois before spending his early career in the office of Congressman Henry Hyde. He later earned his J.D. from Kent College of Law. Roskam has represented Chicago's western suburbs in both the Illinois House of Representatives and Senate. He is chief deputy whip and is now serving his fourth term.
Date: October 22, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: health care
Context: a debate appearance
Fact-check justification: Roskam said his Democratic opponent had falsely accused him "of being against protecting people with pre-existing conditions, and that was fact-checked by the Washington Post who gave that four Pinocchios." No such fact check exists. Roskam’s campaign did point us to a fact check of a  made by a Senate Democrat that greatly overestimated the number of Americans with pre-existing conditions who might not be able to access coverage if Obamacare were replaced by GOP substitute. But that fact check had nothing to do with Roskam or his stance. Roskam voted for the substitute, which would have weakened the pre-existing condition protections of Obamacare. We don’t hand out Pinocchios, but we have a similar measure for whoppers like Roskam’s. We rate it !
Statement: $575 billion cut from Medicare in Trump's proposed 2020 budget.
Speaker: florida democratic party
About the speaker: the Florida affiliate of the Democratic Party.
Date: September 30, 2019
Location: florida
Topics: medicare
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The Florida Democratic Party tweeted "$575 billion cut from Medicare in Trump’s proposed 2020 budget." There is some  to the attack.  But the Democrats omit that the figure pertains to an amount of reduced spending over a decade. Also, it is a proposed reduction relative to projected future spending. Medicare spending will still rise overall.  We rate this statement .
Statement: Lincoln Chafee "voted with President George W. Bush and the conservative leadership 76% of the time.
Speaker: democratic governors association
About the speaker: The Democratic Governors Association is an independent organization that supports Democratic governors and candidates.
Date: July 29, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: bipartisanship;candidate biography;voting record
Context: a statement on a DGA-created website
Fact-check justification: In the 2003-2004 sessions , Chafee ranked lowest in party loyalty among all Republicans, voting with the GOP 78 percent of the time. And during the 1999-2000 and 2005-2006 sessions, Chafee was the least likely of ANY senator -- Democrat or Republican -- to vote with his or her party (62 percent and 68 percent, respectively). The folks at the Democratic Governors Association are taking estimates of how often Chafee supported Bush, manipulating them improperly and mischaracterizing them by ignoring how often he opposed his  conservative GOP colleagues. We recommend courses in remedial math and history. To help motivate them, we'll give them a .
Statement: Says Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez tweeted, "It's vital that Governors maintain restrictions on businesses until after the November Elections because economic recovery will help Trump be re-elected. A few business closures or job losses is a small price to pay to be free from his presidency. #KeepUsClosed.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 23, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Lastly, we couldn’t find any news coverage corroborating this Facebook post — which, again, was allegedly from May. Ocasio-Cortez is a highly scrutinized elected official and if she said something as inflammatory as what appears in the post, it would have been widely reported. If you Google the quote , the top hit is a Snopes fact-check saying the quote is fabricated. Because it is. We rate this post .
Statement: Same-day voter registration "does not allow election officials to verify the validity and accuracy of voter information.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: January 26, 2023
Topics: elections
Context: his Rescue America plan
Fact-check justification: Scott said same-day voter registration "does not allow election officials to verify the validity and accuracy of voter information." Same-day voter registration has existed for nearly 50 years in a few states, and now nearly half the states allow it.  State laws direct election officials to verify a person’s qualifications to register and cast a ballot on Election Day. Some states count a ballot cast by same-day registrants as provisional until additional vetting takes place. Voter fraud rarely happens, and when it has allegedly occurred, it hasn’t always been by a voter who used same-day registration. Scott provided no  to back up his . We rate his statement .  RELATED : Same-day voter registration is on the Democrats’ wishlist. Why do some Republicans oppose it? RELATED : Democrats still exaggerating GOP backing of Scott’s plan on Social Security, Medicare, taxes RELATED : Sen. Rick Scott on the -O-Meter
Statement: It's "not true" that since he's been the president, executions in Iran have increased by four times.
Speaker: mahmoud ahmadinejad
About the speaker: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is the president of Iran.
Date: September 19, 2010
Location: national
Topics: human rights;crime;this week - abc news
Context: ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Again, the Iranian government does not publicly release statistics on executions, but we think the human rights reports provide convincing  that executions in Iran have risen dramatically during Ahmadinejad's presidency. The reports are meticulously documented, and are  sourced to government websites and government news agencies within Iran that have reported specific cases. And, while even the human rights groups acknowledge their numbers are imprecise (and likely under-reported), the same method for gathering the data has been used for years. That seems the best way, under the circumstances, to establish a trend. And so we rule that Ahmadinejad's denial of an increase in executions during his presidency is .
Statement: There is not a single candidate in the Republican primary that thinks we should do anything about climate change.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 16, 2016
Location: national
Topics: climate change
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "There is not a single candidate in the Republican primary that thinks we should do anything about climate change." None of the remaining Republican presidential candidates have laid out a specific plan to address climate change. All of them call for scaling back Obama’s environmental regulations, to boot. Some have called for private-sector development of renewable energy sources. Bush, who was in the race when Obama made his comment, and Kasich both have said they believe human-caused climate change is real and have said pursuing these alternative energy sources could mitigate the problem. But neither has outlined a specific plan. For some Republican voters, this stance might be a plus. But it doesn’t change the veracity of Obama’s statement. We rate it .
Statement: Rod Rosenstein and John Podesta are the sons of Nazi leaders.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 30, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Rosenstein, who is Jewish , is the son of Robert Rosenstein, a small business owner, and Geraldine Stoloff Rosenstein, a bookkeeper. He was born to the couple in Philadelphia in January 1965 — 20 years after Himmler died.   Podesta, who is Catholic , is the son of John Podesta Sr. and his wife Mary, the Chicago-born children of Italian and Greek immigrants, respectively.   And for what it’s worth, the person in the Instagram post identified as Mengele is not Mengele. We rate this post !
Statement: Says Mike Pence was caught on a hot mic delivering empty boxes of PPE to a nursing home and pretended they were heavy.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 8, 2020
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Posts used video from Jimmy Kimmel to  Pence was caught on a hot mic delivering empty boxes of PPE to a nursing home and pretended they were heavy. That’s not what happened.  This  is .
Statement: Says the federal government restricts "how much salt we can put on our food.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: November 2, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: food safety
Context: Rick Perry's book, "Fed Up! Our Fight to Save America from Washington"
Fact-check justification: Pat El-Hinnawy, a spokeswoman with FDA, told us that the agency "is not currently working on regulations nor has it made a decision to regulate sodium content in foods at this time." How does Perry's statement shake out? An agency has been exploring ways to reduce sodium in the food supply and federal dietary guidelines recommend consuming less than 2,300 milligrams, or about 1 teaspoon, of sodium per day. But government isn't telling anyone how much salt to sprinkle. We rate Perry's statement .
Statement: Says a photo shows Jeffrey Epstein smirking as Donald Trump inappropriately touches a young girl.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 8, 2019
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The one of Trump is from October 1993, when he was photographed with his daughter Ivanka — the girl mentioned in the Facebook post — at the grand opening of the Harley Davidson Cafe in New York City.   The photo of Epstein is from May 2005. He was attending the launch of RADAR MAGAZINE at Hotel QT, also in New York City. Trump is not in the picture. We rate this Facebook post as .
Statement: Says women care most about jobs and the economy
Speaker: pam bondi
About the speaker: Pam Bondi, a former Hillsborough County prosecutor, was elected Floriday Attorney General on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. After leaving office, she joined Ballard Partners lobbying firm in Washington D.C.
Date: August 27, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: abortion;jobs;women
Context: a CNN interview
Fact-check justification: It’s worth noting that people on both sides of the issue believe debates on abortion rights can help or hurt a candidate on the margins in a tight race. But Bondi is right that women, like men, place the most importance on economic issues this election cycle. We rate her statement . PolitiFact Florida is partnering with 10 News for the election. See video fact-checks here .
Statement: Says China "stole Coronavirus from Canada and weaponized it into a Bioweapon.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 26, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: A Zero Hedge story claims that Chinese agents stole coronavirus samples from Canada to create a biological weapon, which has now caused an outbreak of the disease around the world. A Chinese scientist who worked in a Canadian lab studying coronaviruses is under investigation for trips she took to Wuhan. But there’s no  she gave China coronavirus samples to develop a biological weapon. Plus, the lab worked on MERS, not the Wuhan coronavirus. The Wuhan lab mentioned in the story does deal with dangerous pathogens like coronaviruses, but there is no  that it is the source of the latest outbreak. The story lacks  for its headline, so we rate it .
Statement: Says only four Texas legislators voted against a law giving in-state tuition rates to certain illegal immigrants.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: September 28, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;education;states
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Three days later, the House approved the Senate's changes 130-2; the "no" voters were Hartnett and Rep. Jerry Madden, R-Richardson. Sixteen members were not present. Perry signed the measure into law June 16, 2001. Our count: Five of the 181 legislators referred to by Perry (31 state senators, 150 House members) voted against the tuition legislation. That's close enough for us to rate his  .
Statement: Georgia had the worst job losses in state history under GOP watch.
Speaker: roy barnes
About the speaker: Roy Barnes is the former governor of Georgia.
Date: October 12, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: jobs
Context: an Oct. 12 e-mail to reporters
Fact-check justification: The Barnes campaign is technically right about the numbers. The current economy under Perdue is widely considered to be the worst in about 80 years. But it's difficult to say how much blame can be attributed to the state GOP since Georgia's economy operates against the backdrop of a precipitous national downturn. We believe the Barnes statement needs additional information to be considered in its proper context. Still, we rate it .
Statement: The American people support defunding Obamacare and oppose shutting down the government.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: September 20, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Rubio said, "The American people support defunding Obamacare and oppose shutting down the government." Rubio makes it sound like he has support from the public for his main objective, which is defunding Obamacare. He doesn’t. When asking the public about Obamacare, word choice matters, and "defund" leads to a different result than "repeal." While the law isn’t popular, a recent Kaiser poll found 57 percent opposed cutting off funding. On his second point, he’s right that most people tell pollsters they don’t want a government shutdown. But we’ll point out that both sides in the budget battle in Congress say they don’t want a shutdown. We rate this  .