chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says U.S. Senate candidate Tommy Thompson "says he'll do away with Medicare.
Speaker: progressive change campaign committee
About the speaker: The Progressive Change Campaign Committee is a liberal political action committee.
Date: October 31, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: medicare;message machine 2012
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: So, where does that leave us? Same place as before. The PCCC ad leaves out important context from Thompson’s June remarks, just as Baldwin did. But Thompson did describe his reform plan, in that speech, as a way to "do away with" traditional Medicare. We rate it .
Statement: Minnick voted to let the government fund abortion under Obamacare.
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: May 11, 2010
Location: national
Topics: abortion;health care;message machine 2010
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: The Stupak Amendment certainly took a harder line on the abortion issue, barring those who accepted federal subsidies for health coverage from buying a plan with abortion coverage. It's fair to say the Stupak amendment would have kept federal tax dollars from subsidizing abortions. But that doesn't mean that, conversely, a vote against it therefore allowed it. The alternative was to make abortion services available in health care exchanges, but paid entirely with patient premiums, not tax dollars. And so we rule the  in the NRCC ad .
Statement: 666,000 teachers have been laid off already since March.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: November 18, 2020
Topics: education;coronavirus
Context: a virtual roundtable
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "666,000 teachers have been laid off already since March." The 666,000 figure comes from federal data, but it doesn’t describe teacher layoffs. We don’t actually know how many teachers have been laid off due to the pandemic. The 666,000 number reflects the net decrease in local government education jobs since March, but it’s not specific to teachers or job losses due to layoffs. It includes job losses by other school staff, such as cafeteria and custodial workers. We rate Biden’s  .
Statement: When visa holders exit the United States and enter Mexico, "if they leave through a land port of entry we literally have no clue if they are still here or have returned to their country of origin.
Speaker: beto o'rourke
About the speaker: Beto O’Rourke is a former representative of Texas’s 16th Congressional District. He represented the district from 2013 until 2019, when he gave up his seat to run a senate campaign against incumbent Ted Cruz, which O’Rourke lost. He received a bachelor’s degree in English literature from Columbia University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: February 8, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: O’Rourke said that when visa holders exit the United States and enter Mexico, "if they leave through a land port of entry we literally have no clue if they are still here or have returned to their country of origin." Customs and Border Protection has launched pilot programs and initiatives to find out who is leaving the country. But those efforts have been limited in scope and locations. Immigration officials acknowledge that it is difficult to track departures, which supports O’Rourke’s broader point about better addressing visa overstays and "harmonizing" entry and exit systems at land ports. O’Rourke’s  is accurate but needs clarification. We rate it .
Statement: There's no evidence that white supremacists were responsible for what happened on Jan. 6. That's a lie.
Speaker: tucker carlson
About the speaker: Tucker Carlson was a Fox News pundit until his departure in April 2023.
Date: February 22, 2021
Topics: crime;race and ethnicity;pundits;punditfact;jan. 6
Context: a TV segment
Fact-check justification: Carlson said, "There's no  that white supremacists were responsible for what happened on Jan. 6. That's a lie." Not all of the rioters at the Capitol were extremists or white supremacists. But several people with known ties to white supremacist groups were involved, including some people now facing conspiracy charges. Symbols of white supremacy were also prominently on display. Law enforcement officials said the the attack involved extremist and white supremacist groups.  We rate Carlson’s statement .
Statement: Texas has, now, the highest share of minimum-wage workers in the nation.
Speaker: linda chavez-thompson
About the speaker: Linda Chavez-Thompson, who has West Texas roots, was the 2010 Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor of Texas. The long-time activist with the AFL-CIO also rose to prominence in the national Democratic Party.
Date: May 4, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: workers
Context: a speech to the Central Texas Democratic Forum
Fact-check justification: From 1998 to 2006, as the minimum wage held steady at $5.15 an hour, the number of workers making at or below that amount declined slightly in Texas, except for a small uptick in 2003. After Congress provided for increases in the federal minimum wage in 2007, 2008 and 2009, more Texans started falling below the wage floor. Workers in 14 other states and the District of Columbia didn't fall to the minimum-wage level or below because their mandatory minimum wage exceeds the federal level. Per the bureau's latest data, Chavez-Thompson gets it right: Texas has the highest share of minimum-wage workers in the nation. Her statement is .
Statement: Says Pennsylvania Republican nominee for Congress Fred Keller "was a 50-50 shot" before his landslide victory.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 22, 2019
Location: national
Topics: elections;pennsylvania
Context: the Rose Garden
Fact-check justification: Trump said Keller "was a 50-50 shot" before his landslide victory. Keller was running in a deeply Republican district and was considered by independent political analysts to be the prohibitive favorite. He was not someone running in a coin-flip race. We rate the statement .
Statement: Joe Biden's student debt forgiveness plan is a "bailout for rich kids.
Speaker: american action network
About the speaker: The American Action Network is a conservative, nonprofit advocacy organization. Its leadership includes Republican former officials.
Date: August 26, 2022
Topics: education;federal budget;wealth;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: American Action Network claimed that Biden's student debt forgiveness plan is a "bailout for rich kids." Some borrowers with incomes well above that of the median American household qualify for the debt relief.  But the vast majority of student loan forgiveness will go to people on the lower end of the income scale. By one independent estimate, 75% of the debt relief will go to households in the bottom 60% by income. The  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression — our definition of . RELATED: Is Joe Biden’s student debt forgiveness plan legal? RELATED: Fact-checking statistics about Biden's student loan forgiveness plan RELATED: The Biden Promise Tracker and Biden’s promise to forgive student loan debt RELATED: IRS won’t tax student loan relief, but some states might
Statement: A man arrested by Lubbock, Texas, police for a gun threat said "his accomplices will be going to different Wal-Mart stores and shooting.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 13, 2019
Topics: public safety;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "There is no credibility to the threat," Carson Glenewinkel told us in an email. "There are also other screenshots circulating roughly stating the same thing, and those are also not ." Ray Mendoza, a captain at the department, told Lubbock news station KLBK that officers are aware of the message but "it’s ," according to an Aug. 15 KLBK story .   This Facebook post earns the same distinction. We rate it .
Statement: The president promised that if he spent money on a stimulus program that unemployment would go to 5.7 percent or 6 percent. Those were his words.
Speaker: jon bramnick
About the speaker: Jon Bramnick is a Republican state assemblyman representing parts of Morris, Somerset and Union counties. Bramnick also serves as the Assembly Republican Leader.
Date: September 7, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs;stimulus
Context: an interview on NJToday
Fact-check justification: Bramnick said "the president promised that if he spent money on a stimulus program that unemployment would go to 5.7 percent or 6 percent. Those were his words." We found no  the president or his advisers ever made a public pledge that the stimulus would drive the unemployment rate down to the figures Bramnick cites. Two economic advisers estimated in a 2009 report that with the stimulus plan, the unemployment rate would peak near 8 percent before dropping to less than 6 percent by now. But those projections came with heavy disclaimers, with the authors emphasizing the considerable uncertainty of their estimates. Those are critical details Bramnick’s statement ignores. We rate this statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Atlanta is on its strongest financial footing in 40 years.
Speaker: keisha lance bottoms
About the speaker: Keisha Lance Bottoms took office as  mayor of Atlanta, Ga., in 2018. She has previously served as Atlanta City Councilwoman from District 11.
Date: January 2, 2018
Location: georgia
Topics: city government;corrections and updates
Context: her inaugural speech
Fact-check justification: Bottoms said the city was on the strongest financial footing in 40 years. Several indicators point in that direction, though the weakest factor centers on pensions. Atlanta faces significant challenges in funding its future pension obligations. That was not a factor in 1978. However, the situation is better than a decade ago. More promising is the city’s bond rating. It is higher than ever. The relative size of the general fund also falls in the plus column. In constant dollars, the 2017 general fund is larger today than it was 40 years ago — one long-time researcher called it "remarkable." The fund did rely on some one-time cash infusions and a different, also reasonable, approach shows that the situation was a little better in 1978. There are factors that detract from the ’s accuracy but the facts support the general thrust. We rate this  .
Statement: Reauthorizing the Children's Health Insurance Program "for six years saves $1 billion" and doing it for 10 years saves $6 billion.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: January 18, 2018
Location: national
Topics: children;health care
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Pelosi said that reauthorizing the Children’s Health Insurance Program "for six years saves $1 billion" and that doing it for 10 years saves $6 billion. CBO analyses back up Pelosi’s numbers. Because the reauthorization of CHIP would essentially take the place of more expensive programs, doing so would eventually net savings for the government. We rate her statement .
Statement: We're inches away from no longer having a free economy.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: August 11, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;regulation
Context: Ames, Iowa
Fact-check justification: But while the statistics show that the government continues to have a large influence on the economy, there is little indication that the government’s role has risen dramatically enough over the past few years to threaten the kind of free market that the U.S. has operated under in recent decades. And international comparisons show that the U.S. ranks low in both total tax burden and high in economic freedom -- at least as measured by a prominent conservative think tank. In June, we found this  . In August, we still do. Once again, we rate Romney's statement .
Statement: Starting Jan. 1 California residents can't take shower, do laundry, poop in toilet and flush on same day.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 6, 2020
Topics: fake news;water;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said, "Starting Jan. 1 California residents can’t take shower, do laundry, poop in toilet and flush on same day." Legislation in California means that collectively, Californians will soon need to begin using less water in order for water districts to meet the state’s efficiency standards.  But those limits haven’t kicked in yet, and when they do, the government won’t start demanding hefty fines from residents who shower and do laundry on the same day. We rate this statement .
Statement: Biden said today, if he loses, his people will keep burning, looting and killing.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 31, 2020
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Having failed to protect this nation from the virus that has killed more than 180,000 Americans so far, Trump posts an all-caps tweet, screaming ‘LAW AND ORDER,’ to save his campaign." Biden accused Trump of mishandling the demonstrations that have roiled the country, saying that the president "adds fuel to every fire because he refuses to even acknowledge that there’s a racial justice problem in America." He also contrasted how he would lead as a president.   He never said "his people will keep burning, looting and killing" if he loses the election.   We rate this post .
Statement: Buyers with good credit scores will pay even more to cover for those with bad credit.
Speaker: nikki haley
About the speaker: Nikki Haley announced on Feb. 14, 2023 that she is running for president in the Republican primary. Haley was the governor of South Carolina 2011-2017 and then served as President Donald Trump's ambassador to the UN in 2017 and 2018.
Date: April 21, 2023
Location: national
Topics: housing
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Haley said, "Buyers with good credit scores will pay even more to cover for those with bad credit."  That misrepresents the fee adjustment. Homebuyers with higher credit scores aren’t subsidizing fee reductions for lower-credit homebuyers. The Federal Housing Finance Agency called the  , and said most of the revenue generated to offset reductions for low-credit buyers comes from higher fees on million-dollar homes and investor properties, not from raising prices on people with better credit. This group is a small subset of all buyers. The statement contains an element of  because some homebuyers with good credit scores will pay more under the changes. But it ignores that most homebuyers aren’t subsidizing fee reductions for other homebuyers and that people with low credit pay more in fees overall. We rate it .
Statement: Allowing all Bush income tax cuts to expire on Dec. 31 "will amount to the largest tax increase in the history of America.
Speaker: johnny isakson
About the speaker: Johnny Isakson, a Republican, is a U.S. senator from Georgia
Date: July 28, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: The Atlanta Journal Constitution
Fact-check justification: The 2006 Treasury Department report said a consistent source for the revenue estimates was not available. It did not say that the estimates were unreliable. The GDP is considered a more accurate way to measure the economy. Isakson's statement is  when you base his statement on the GDP. Therefore, we rate his statement as .
Statement: DeKalb County has been recognized in recent years as having one the best sheriff's departments in the nation.
Speaker: jeff mann
About the speaker: Interim DeKalb County Sheriff Jeff Mann took office in March 2014.
Date: July 10, 2014
Location: georgia
Context: an Atlanta Press Club debate
Fact-check justification: That means the distinction works both ways. So Mann was accurate to  DeKalb had achieved a rare accomplishment. That honor can have financial benefits for taxpayers but not protect them entirely from big expenses associated with improving operations. Mann’s statement certainly contains an element of  but overstates the significance of the award. We rate Mann’s  as .
Statement: Says he fought for the repeal of a septic tank inspection program after "Tallahassee pulled a fast one.
Speaker: don gaetz
About the speaker: Don Gaetz, R-Niceville, is a Republican state Senator and a former school superintendent.
Date: May 18, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: environment;message machine 2012
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: The inspection requirement still exists for 19 counties with large springs, but they are allowed to opt out of the inspection requirement (as Hernando County did in early May.) In the end, Gaetz basically fought to get rid of a state law that he is partially responsible for. Gaetz says he was misled by "a fast one," but we found no  of the bill sponsor downplaying the swath of affected homeowners. Plus Gaetz ultimately is responsible to know what is in a bill he voted on. We rate his  .
Statement: Facebook removed the title of 'President' from Donald Trump and designated him as 'Political Candidate.'
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 13, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A post claims, "Facebook removed the title of ‘President’ from Donald Trump and designated him as ‘Political Candidate.’"  Archived versions of the Facebook page show that Trump has had a ‘political candidate’ designation for months, as far back as at least Jan. 15, 2020. Facebook did not change the designation after Biden won the election. We rate this  .
Statement: Photos show children in cages.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 25, 2020
Topics: immigration;families;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: That’s because those aren’t people in the cages —  they’re child-sized mannequins , part of a public art installation protesting family separations at the U.S.-Mexico border. The #NoKidsInCages campaign by Raices, a Texas nonprofit aimed at helping refugees and immigrants, arrived in Des Moines, Iowa, in February as people arrived to caucus for their Democratic presidential candidate.   Each of the cages included a red sign that said "#DontLookAway," visible although not legible in the photos on Facebook. CNN reported at the time that the mannequins played recordings of children who have been detained .   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Street lights are connected to mRNA.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 17, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook reel
Fact-check justification: Ribosomes are found in both animal and plant cells. The "60S ribosomal protein L17-A" referenced in the video is found in baker’s yeast. It is not the same protein found in mRNA COVID-19 vaccines . The scientific name of this protein may contain some of the same numbers and letters as the streetlights in the video, but there is no  the two are related to each other, or that these streetlights are connected to the COVID-19 vaccine. We rate this  !
Statement: We should be seeing numbers in the 500,000 jobs created per month. (Creating 115,000 jobs, the total from April 2012) is way, way, way off from what should happen in a normal recovery.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: May 4, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;history;jobs
Context: an interview on "Fox & Friends"
Fact-check justification: Romney has a point that job creation under Obama has fallen well short of historical medians, at least going back to 1970. But job creation under Obama has exceeded the levels achieved during the George W. Bush administration. And Romney’s  that 500,000 jobs a month is "normal" is way off. On balance, we rate the  .