chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: California and New York are "the two biggest polluting states in the country.
Speaker: chris sununu
About the speaker: Chris Sununu is serving his third term on the New Hampshire Executive Council representing 20 percent of the state's population, which is about 265,000 people. The council votes on state contracts and appointments. He is CEO of Waterville Valley, one of the state's ski areas in the White Mountains. He is the son of former Governor John H. Sununu and brother to former U.S. Sen. John E. Sununu.  
Date: July 10, 2017
Location: new hampshire
Topics: environment;states
Context: an interview on New Hampshire Public Radio
Fact-check justification: Sununu said California and New York are "the two biggest polluting states in the country." His press secretary tried to soften the , but no matter how you look at it, that’s not accurate. In terms of absolute carbon dioxide emissions, California and New York rank No. 2 and No. 9. Texas is No. 1. Adjusting for population and GDP, California and New York are actually among the most effective states at reducing their impact on the atmosphere – beating even Sununu’s home state of New Hampshire. It turns out, Sununu was just blowing smoke. We rate his  .
Statement: Jennifer Carroll is the "first African-American Republican woman to be part of a statewide ticket in Florida.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: September 2, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;elections
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: We really don't want to get into a race debate about what constitutes African-American. Suffice to say she is the first black woman to be on the GOP ticket. In announcing his pick for lieutenant governor, Scott said Carroll "is the first African-American Republican woman to be part of a statewide ticket in Florida." The sample size is smaller than you might think, but Scott is right. We rate his statement .
Statement: A data system that goes along with Common Core is designed to collect up to 400 data points on each child, which can include personally identifiable data.
Speaker: angela bean
About the speaker: Community activist, Common Core opponent, executive board member of Fayette County GOP
Date: June 1, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: education;privacy issues
Context: a newspaper article
Fact-check justification: Bean’s  incorrectly intertwines Common Core and a data collection system. Our research found that Common Core does not include a data collection component. Georgia’s Education Department does collect student data as part of a separate annual collection cycle, then provides the information in a digital format for teachers and school officials to use. Bean’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts about the separation of Common Core and data collection. We rated her  .
Statement: Half of everyone that's here illegally (in the U.S.) came here legally on a visa and have overstayed their visa.
Speaker: kevin mccarthy
About the speaker: Kevin McCarthy, who was first elected in 2006, is a Republican member of Congress representing a district in California. McCarthy was elected as House Speaker in January 2023.
Date: August 15, 2018
Location: california
Topics: immigration
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy recently claimed "Half of everyone that’s here illegally (in the US) came here legally on a visa and have overstayed their visa." Past fact checks found this statement and ones like it are generally correct. But they cautioned that the claims mainly rely on figures from a 2006 report, which used federal immigration data from the mid-1990s. More recent Department of Homeland Security reports don’t offer the full picture of foreign visitors who arrived on visas. A 2017 report by the Center for Migration Studies, however, gives a more current look at visa overstays. It shows McCarthy’s , while it should have been couched as an estimate rather than a statement of fact, is on the right track. It projects overstayers were 42 percent, or nearly half, of the country’s undocumented population in 2014. Finally, with the decline in illegal border crossings, it’s fair to estimate that visa overstayers now account for an increasing share of the country’s undocumented population. We rate McCarthy’s statement .   – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information.
Statement: No family earns too much to qualify" for Oregon Healthy Kids program.
Speaker: oregon healthy kids
About the speaker: Oregon Healthy Kids is a state program to provide free or low-cost health care coverage for Oregon children who don’t have health insurance.
Date: November 22, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: children;health care
Context: a billboard
Fact-check justification: Possibly as much as $3,400, according to a rate sheet posted on the Healthy Kids website. So, it seems, the billboard is factually accurate. Any family can qualify, whether they make $1 a year or $1 billion. That said, it seems to us Oregon Healthy Kids could have been more precise in their advertising: Families do have to meet certain income limits to qualify for assistance . We rate this  .   Comment on this item.
Statement: Says Michele Bachmann said on Fox News, "This country could use a president like Benjamin Franklin again.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 5, 2014
Topics: history;punditfact
Context: posts on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A meme claims that Bachmann said, "This country could use a president like Benjamin Franklin again." This quote is made up. Bachmann wasn't on TV the night of her alleged remarks and we could find no reference of her claiming Franklin was president. We rate the  .
Statement: Says the California flag was supposed to be a pear, not a bear.
Speaker: breitbart
About the speaker: Breitbart is a conservative news website.
Date: June 14, 2015
Topics: history;punditfact
Context: an article on the Breitbart website
Fact-check justification: You need to put away the Fruit Loops." Here, we’re actually fact-checking the  that Snopes in any way took the pear fable seriously. Pollak isn’t the first to pass along this hoax, nor likely will he be the last. But know this: It’s . We rate this  .
Statement: Say Joe Biden told a crowd in Florida, "Hello Minnesota!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 1, 2020
Location: florida
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: Social media posts said Biden told a crowd in Florida "Hello Minnesota!" However, the video used to back up this  has been manipulated. The event took place in Minnesota, and had Minnesota specific touches that were doctored out of the widely shared clip. We rate the statement . This fact check is available at IFCN's 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here for more.
Statement: Says  "I don't agree with Mr. Hales that we should give a sweeping break to the developers to allow them to build that infill housing without paying for those very basics.
Speaker: jefferson smith
About the speaker: Jefferson Smith represents Oregon State House District 47.  He is a native of east Portland, the district he represents.
Date: April 30, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: city government;housing;infrastructure;government regulation;message machine 2012
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: By limiting his comment to housing developers, who are unpopular in some circles, Smith was suggesting Hales has a cozy relationship with one group when his proposal is broader. Hales wants to grant this "sweeping break" to all developers, including the more sympathetic food cart operators. (In fact, Hales says these charges make no sense within the city, where infrastructure already exists.) We find Smith’s statement needs a little clarification. We rule the statement .
Statement: A new bill "was written into the new health care reform initiative ensuring that Congress will be 100 percent exempt.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: August 24, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a message forwarded to many people
Fact-check justification: But the chain e-mail doesn't address this. Instead, it says members of Congress have somehow exempted themselves from reform, which is not correct. Under the bill, the lawmakers would continue to receive the same insurance they get now, just as most Americans would. Members of Congress are treated like any other citizens under the terms of the bill. We rate the chain e-mail's statement .
Statement: Biden smirks while saying he has added more to the debt than any president before him.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 27, 2023
Topics: debt;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Rumble post
Fact-check justification: But Biden wasn’t claiming his administration was responsible for that debt. According to a White House transcript of the speech seen in this post, Biden meant to say "my predecessor" when he said "no president added more to the debt in four years than my president. "  His remarks before and after this statement leave no confusion about whom he’s talking.   Biden didn’t say he added that debt.   We rate this  .
Statement: Half of all Americans have less than $10,000 in their savings account.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: March 31, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: families;income;pensions;poverty;wealth
Context: Austin
Fact-check justification: Sanders said: "Half of all Americans have less than $10,000 in their savings account." Some clarification went missing here: A 2014 survey indicated about half of American adults had less than $10,000 in savings and investments, such as a 401(k) or IRA, that could be used for retirement; those results encompassed more than savings accounts. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Trump Management was charged with discriminating against African-Americans and breaking federal law.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: August 26, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;civil rights;housing;legal issues
Context: a Hillary for America television ad
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "Trump Management was charged with discriminating against African-Americans and breaking federal law." The government in 1973 accused Trump, his father and Trump Management of violating the Fair Housing Act, part of the Civil Rights Act of 1968. The case alleged Trump’s realty company discriminated against non-white tenants and potential tenants at numerous apartment complexes. The government settled the lawsuit, after Trump waged a years-long legal battle, so Trump never admitted guilt. But the company did agree to comply with extensive requirements intended to stop housing discrimination at its properties. Clinton’s  is carefully phrased. For that, we rate her  .
Statement: An Illinois couple who received five vote-by-mail applications can vote five times.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 7, 2020
Location: illinois
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says an Illinois couple received five vote-by-mail applications and will be able use them to receive multiple ballots and cast multiple votes.  This is . Anyone who attempts to do this is committing fraud, and before election officials mail out a ballot to a voter, the signature on the application must match the signature on record. Each voter has a unique voter ID number that’s tied to a single ballot, so once a voter’s application is received, any subsequent applications will be rejected. We rate this .
Statement: The president released all of the oil from the Strategic Oil Reserve.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: June 26, 2011
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: an interview on CBS's "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: It's possible Bachmann meant to say, "the president released oil" or "some oil" from the reserve, in which case she would have been accurate. (We reached out to Bachmann’s staff, but they did not respond to our inquiry by publication time.) However, we saw no effort by Bachmann to correct any misimpression from her comment, either in the Face the Nation interview or elsewhere. In any event, we give significant weight to the actual words a speaker says -- and viewers watching the interview would have been led to believe that Obama had released all the oil in the reserve. We rate Bachmann’s statement .
Statement: Says the 2011-13 state budget eliminates the structural deficit "for the first time in decades.
Speaker: alberta darling
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Sen. Alberta Darling, R-River Hills, served in the state Assembly from 1990 to 1992 and has served in the state Senate since 1992. She survived a recall election in August 2011 by defeating state Rep. Sandy Pasch (D-Whitefish Bay).
Date: June 20, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: In talking about the structural deficit, Darling claimed lawmakers delivered a budget "in the black for the first time in decades." The budget lawmakers sent to Walker is projected to have a $306 million surplus. The Legislative Fiscal Bureau report on structural deficits says there’s not been a budget with a structural surplus dating back to when it started recording such things 14 years ago. Darling may have overstated how far back the problem goes, but no one knows for certain and that does not change the underlying point of her statement. We rate her statement .
Statement: Says Sen. Richard Blumenthal "lied about his service" in Vietnam.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 2, 2018
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Southaven, Miss
Fact-check justification: Trump said Blumenthal lied about serving in Vietnam. On at least three occasions, Blumenthal did say things that placed him actually in Vietnam. At other times, he was more careful, saying he served "during" the war. And while running for senator, he specifically said he had not served in Vietnam. But at the end of the day, Blumenthal agreed that he had "misspoken." We rate this  .
Statement: The United States is "number 14, number 15" in college graduation rates, and "we're leading the world in high school dropout rates.
Speaker: laura tyson
About the speaker: Laura Tyson chaired the Council of Economic Advisers and the National Economic Council under President Bill Clinton. She is currently a professor at the Haas School of Business at the University of California (Berkeley).
Date: August 15, 2010
Location: national
Topics: education;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's ''This Week with Christiane Amanpour.''
Fact-check justification: Such massive increases probably stem from a mixture of methodological differences and a concerted effort in Europe to improve educational attainment during the past decade, said David Bills, a professor at the University of Iowa College of Education and a specialist in international statistical comparisons. "But overall, OECD is generally reliable for assessing the big picture, if not the fine points," he added. So let's recap. Allowing for some general caution over international education comparisons, Tyson was on the money where college graduation rates were concerned, but was  that the U.S. led the world in high-school dropout rates. She bats .500, so we rate her statement .
Statement: In April 1997, there was a 'gas out' conducted nationwide in protest of gas prices. Gasoline prices dropped 30 cents a gallon overnight.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 17, 2022
Topics: energy;gas prices;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post claimed there was a ‘gas out’ conducted nationwide in protest of gas prices. Gasoline prices dropped 30 cents a gallon overnight." PolitiFact found no  to suggest that this boycott happened, and the experts we consulted in 2022 and 2012 knew of no such protest in 1997. It often takes time for gas prices to respond to changes in demand, so it is unlikely a single-day boycott would drive down prices as quickly and drastically as the post suggests, experts said. We rate these claims . RELATED: How high are gasoline prices today, really? RELATED: Persistent high gas prices don’t prove price gouging — and neither do comparisons to 2008 gas prices
Statement: Our "trade with Mexico is $720 million a day; that's our No. 1 trading partner.
Speaker: leticia van de putte
About the speaker: Leticia Van de Putte, a pharmacist, was the 2014 Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor. She previously served in the Texas House.
Date: June 1, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: economy;foreign policy;trade
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Van de Putte said our "trade with Mexico is $720 million a day; that’s our No. 1 trading partner." In 2013, Mexico was by far the nation with the most trade with Texas. But Texas-Mexico trade per day added up to $539 million, nearly $200 million less than the 2011 estimate Van de Putte drew from a 15-month-old presentation by the governor’s office. We rate this , which lacked the latest available authoritative information, as .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. CORRECTION, 10:15 a.m., June 16, 2014 : We amended the ruling to make it clear that daily trade in 2013 amounted to more than $500 million -- not annual trade. This didn't affect our rating.
Statement: It costs more money to put a person on death row than it does to lock them up for the rest of their lives because of attorney fees.
Speaker: gary johnson
About the speaker: Gary Johnson is the Libertarian nominee for president in 2016. He was also the party's nominee in 2012. He previously served as governor of New Mexico as a Republican.
Date: September 19, 2011
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;new hampshire 2012
Context: a meeting with the Nashua "Telegraph" editorial board
Fact-check justification: The meter continues to run during the appeals process. The shorter that process, the greater the cost effectiveness of an execution. But as a practical matter, for reasons rooted in both state and federal procedure, the process often lasts close to a decade or more. That means that the costs in some states don't support Johnson's  that life imprisonment is cheaper because of attorney's fees. So we rate his statement .
Statement: My office is about a 300-step walk to the governor's office.
Speaker: kasim reed
About the speaker: Kasim Reed is Mayor of Atlanta.
Date: May 29, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: city government;economy
Context: leadership forum
Fact-check justification: Walking all the way to the receptionist that sits just outside the mayor’s office adds additional steps, based on our calculations, which could make the mayor’s  off by about one-third. Reed’s overall point was that the political divide between he and Deal has closed. Based on their history of delivering economic development projects for the city and state, that statement is correct. But the mayor is off just a bit on his distance  if you take his statement literally. We rated Reed’s  .
Statement: Quotes Benjamin Franklin as saying "We are all born ignorant, but one must work hard to remain stupid.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 23, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A search though the volumes of Franklin’s collected works on the database produced no results for any portion of the quote. As well, a list of famous quotes from the inventor on the Franklin Institute website, a science museum that houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial, also did not include the quote.    Etymologist Barry Popik also researched the quote in 2013 and found no  Franklin said or wrote it. Popik reported that the phrase "has been cited in print since only about 1999 – far removed from Franklin’s lifetime. "  This "quote" is !
Statement: Sen. Steve Daines "voted to give billions in tax breaks to big drug companies even as they raised prices.
Speaker: duty and honor
About the speaker: Duty and Honor is a nonprofit affiliated with the Democratic-backed Senate Majority PAC.
Date: August 7, 2020
Topics: drugs;negative campaigning
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The ad claims Daines "voted to give billions in tax breaks to big drug companies even as they raised prices." Daines voted for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which lowered tax rates and provided billions in tax relief to powerful drug companies. The missing context from the ad is that the law did not single out those companies in particular. Rather, it reduced taxes for the vast majority of Americans, small businesses, and the corporate sector. We rate this  .