chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Cesar Sayoc is a Democrat posing as a Republican.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 26, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: An Oct 26 post on Facebook states that, "A lifelong Democrat recently registered as a Republican, covered his van with Trump stickers and began sending bombs that didn’t explode to Democrats. And you have to ask why Americans find that suspicious?" We found no  that Sayoc was a "lifelong Democrat." And while it’s  that state records show that Sayoc registered to vote relatively recently, in 2016, an application from 2012 shows that Sayoc then considered himself a member of the Republican Party. We rate this  .
Statement: By allowing brewpubs to sell beer, Georgia could become like Mexico with only a couple of manufacturers controlling all aspects of market.
Speaker: martin smith
About the speaker: lobbyist for the Georgia Beer Wholesalers Association
Date: March 23, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: alcohol
Context: subcommittee hearing
Fact-check justification: A vast majority of states have allowed breweries and brew pubs to sell directly to their consumers in a segment of the beer market that is flourishing. There’s no  that they could become consumer-unfriendly market-rulers under existing state laws or Georgia's proposed law. To say otherwise is beyond a stretch. We rate the statement .
Statement: President Barack Obama's judicial appointments for Georgia and the region were drafted in secret and not vetted by legal groups among the president's supporters.
Speaker: david scott
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. David Scott represents Georgia's 13th district, which covers portions of Cobb, Clayton, Douglas, Fulton, Henry and DeKalb.
Date: January 6, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: congress;legal issues
Context: a letter
Fact-check justification: He also claimed groups who traditionally support Obama weren’t in the loop as well. This was tough to fact-check because some key people and groups involved in the process wouldn’t talk about it. But it appears Scott and the other Democrats weren’t consulted when the White House came up with its nominees. While some groups weren’t consulted, it does appear some Obama supporters did offer some input. Our rating: .
Statement: The impeachment process against Donald Trump "provides fewer due process protections and fewer protections for minority rights than what we have seen in previous impeachment efforts.
Speaker: tom cole
About the speaker: Rep. Tom Cole, R-Okla., was elected to Congress in 2002. He's a fifth-generation Oklahoman and one of the only Native Americans serving in Congress.
Date: October 31, 2019
Location: national
Topics: impeachment
Context: a speech on the House floor
Fact-check justification: Cole said the impeachment process "provides fewer due process protections and fewer protections for minority rights than what we have seen in previous impeachment efforts." He gave three examples, with mixed accuracy. He is partially correct on subpoena powers, but more on paper than in reality. Under the rules in past impeachments, Republicans could object to witnesses the Democrats wanted. They lack that today. But in the past, the most Republicans could hope for was a committee vote, which the majority would win, if it wanted. And in terms of getting the witnesses Republicans want, the rules are unchanged. Cole’s point about access to records is speculative and not based on actual policy statements or rules from the Democrats. His statement about the access granted to Clinton and his lawyers is . Comparisons to the past are difficult because each impeachment has played out differently.  The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate Cole’s statement .
Statement: Rural schools "face the highest dropout rates, the lowest college enrollment rates, have the lowest average teacher salaries...
Speaker: john edwards
About the speaker: John Edwards is a former U.S. senator from North Carolina who was John Kerry's running mate in 2004. A personal injury attorney, Edwards was born in South Carolina in 1953 and now lives in Chapel Hill, N.C. He graduated from North Carolina State University and earned a law degree from the University of North Carolina Law School. He is married to Elizabeth Edwards, who has been diagnosed with cancer. They have three children; a fourth was killed in an auto accident. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: September 21, 2007
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: Des Moines, Iowa
Fact-check justification: Only 27 percent of students coming from rural schools enrolled in college in 2004-05, according to the report, well below the 37 percent rate in cities and suburbs, and lower than the 32 percent in towns. And he also has it right on teacher pay. The federal report is pretty clear: "Public school teachers in rural areas earned, on average, lower salaries in 2003-04 than their peers in towns, suburbs and cities. "
 Taking it all into consideration, we rate Edwards' statements on rural education as "."
Statement: The government is "going to have the right to get into your bank account with the health care bill and make transfers without you knowing it.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: August 28, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care;pundits
Context: his radio program
Fact-check justification: We also think Limbaugh  when he says the government could then transfer money in your account without you knowing it. If you sign up for electronic withdrawal, you know about it. And so we rate this  .    Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: During his 18-year Senate career, (Russ Feingold) supported judges who voted to deny your individual Second Amendment right. … (He) promises to protect those rights, but that's not what his record shows.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: August 9, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: guns
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Our rating In a campaign ad, Johnson said Feingold "supported judges who voted to deny your individual Second Amendment right." Feingold did vote to appoint judges who, after being confirmed, disagreed that the Second Amendment provides for an individual right to possess a gun. But Johnson failed to mention in the ad that Feingold also voted to appoint judges who have issued rulings strengthening gun rights. And Feingold has stated clearly he supports an individual’s right to own a gun. Because Johnson’s statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it .
Statement: Melania dug up the WH Rose Garden, removing roses from every First Lady since 1913.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 22, 2020
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post claims Melania Trump removed the roses planted by her predecessors going back to 1913. That’s . Over the years, roses have both died and been replaced as different administrations have left their mark on the White House Rose Garden. Only about a dozen rose bushes remained before this most recent renovation. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: It feels amazing" that unvaccinated people are "4.5 times LESS LIKELY to catch omicron" than people who are fully vaccinated and boosted.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 22, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post with a graphic claimed that people fully vaccinated and boosted against COVID-19 were 4.5 times more likely than unvaccinated people to catch the omicron variant. The post gives the  impression that unvaccinated people are better protected against COVID-19. The ratio comes from statistics published by the UK’s Office for National Statistics, and it rose to 6 times more likely in more recent data.  However, the Facebook post leaves out key context that is included in the ONS report and in the Daily Skeptic article the graphic posted on Facebook comes from. The agency’s analysis compared people who had tested positive for COVID-19, meaning that those who didn’t contract omicron were infected with another variant, possibly a more dangerous one.  The ONS report clearly states that unvaccinated people are more likely to contract COVID-19 of any strain and that it is too early to draw conclusions from the data about vaccine effectiveness. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  .
Statement: Jeff Merkley was the deciding vote on Obamacare, which in Oregon has been an unmitigated disaster.
Speaker: monica wehby
About the speaker: Dr. Wehby has practiced for 15 years and has held numerous leadership positions at the local, state and national levels. She currently is the director of pediatric neurosurgery at Randall Children's Hospital in Portland.
Date: May 21, 2014
Location: oregon
Topics: health care
Context: a campaign news release
Fact-check justification: Similar checks have all found the  to be either  or . Wehby’s campaign, asked to defend the , sent an email that omitted any mention of Merkley’s "deciding" vote. Her assertion that Merkley’s vote resulted in 150,000 Oregonians having their health care plans canceled is a check we’ll leave for another day. Merkley did join his Democratic colleagues in voting for the bill, but it was a senator from Nebraska who provided the needed 60th vote. We rate this  .
Statement: Since January 2008 the private sector has lost nearly 8 million jobs while local, state and federal governments added 590,000.
Speaker: tim pawlenty
About the speaker: Tim Pawlenty is the former governor of Minnesota, having served two terms in office from 2003-2011.
Date: December 13, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;workers
Context: the "Wall Street Journal"
Fact-check justification: The comparison of job growth he made -- which showed the size of the federal workforce going in exactly the opposite direction as it did in reality -- is a key pillar supporting the premise of his column, that government work is "the only booming 'industry' left in our economy." Pawlenty's number is so compromised that we rate his statement ! UPDATE: After we posted our story, a spokesman for Pawlenty, Alex Conant, contacted PolitiFact to report that the source for Pawlenty's 590,000-job figure was a June 24, 2010, post  by Veronique de Rugy, a senior research fellow at George Mason University's Mercatus Center, on the Big Government site run by conservative activist Andrew Breitbart. After looking at what de Rugy wrote, we stand by our analysis that the 590,000 number doesn't encapsulate the time frame or definition set out by Pawlenty in his Wall Street Journal op-ed, and that it is still skewed by a large bump in temporary Census jobs.
Statement: Wearing masks is "COVID theater" and "not doing anything.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: March 2, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: public health;health check;coronavirus
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: "  Health authorities say that wearing a mask, even in a low-risk situation, can be effective at preventing transmission of COVID-19 and other respiratory illnesses. In high-risk areas, like where DeSantis was speaking, public health authorities strongly recommend wearing a mask. People who are immunocompromised are particularly at risk; masking at all times would be a recommended protective measure for this group.   DeSantis’ statement is not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: When the Fair Tax becomes law, it will be like waving a magic wand releasing us from pain and unfairness.
Speaker: mike huckabee
About the speaker: Mike Huckabee ran for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former governor of Arkansas; he also sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. He left hosting a self-titled television show on Fox News in January 2015.
Date: January 23, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Fact-check justification: To be clear, we're not ruling on what will happen if the Fair Tax is implemented. Rather, we're pointing out that Huckabee's statement blithely glosses over a number of highly credible objections. It's tempting to give him a pass on his statement as just more overheated campaign rhetoric. But it seems clear to us that such a massive overhaul of the U.S. tax system would not be an end to pain and unfairness "like a magic wand." So we find his statement .
Statement: Says Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker doesn't make his calendar public -- "he's on our dime and we don't know where he is.
Speaker: kathleen falk
About the speaker: Kathleen Falk, a Wisconsin Democrat, lost a bid in 2012 for the Democratic nomination to run against Gov. Scott Walker in a recall election. Falk served as the Dane County executive from 1997 to 2011. She ran unsuccessfully for governor in 2002 and for state attorney general in 2006.
Date: February 18, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: transparency
Context: a candidates forum
Fact-check justification: But almost by definition he’s not "on the public dime" if he’s raising campaign money or involved in other political activity. Our rating Falk said Walker doesn't make his work schedule public -- "he's on our dime and we don't know where he is." Walker makes his schedule public, but only after the fact. And while he typically doesn’t give notice of his political activities, it’s off base to  he’s on the public dime during those times. We rate Falk’s statement .
Statement: Stimulus tax cuts "began showing up in paychecks of 4.8 million Indiana households about three months ago.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 5, 2009
Location: national
Topics: stimulus;taxes
Context: Wakarusa, Ind
Fact-check justification: When we asked the Indiana Department of Revenue how many tax returns are filed annually in the state, they said the number is around 3.2 million, and that includes both joint filers and individuals. So clearly Obama was . A White House official confirmed for us that it was a goof, pure and simple. A staffer mistakenly used the number of households in Illinois in Obama's speech, 4.8 million, instead of Indiana, which is 2.4 million. So there aren't as many Hoosier households as Obama claimed, and he earns a  on the -O-Meter.
Statement: Video shows a poll worker committing voter fraud in Delaware County, Pa.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 5, 2020
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  Marfosky said the county is livestreaming poll workers counting ballots to be transparent about the elections process.   "Unfortunately," she said, "some residents … are making  accusations, which baselessly and wrongly attack the integrity of the election staff. "  We rate this Facebook post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: [Chicago is the] only city in the United States, you get a B average in high school, community college is free.
Speaker: rahm emanuel
About the speaker: Rahm Emanuel is the mayor of Chicago. He represented the Chicagoland area as a U.S. congressman prior to joining the White House as the first chief of staff in President Barack Obama’s administration. Emanuel also held various posts in the Clinton Administration from 1993 to 1998, and worked as an investment banker in the private sector.
Date: November 15, 2016
Location: illinois
Topics: education
Context: Interview with Bill Kurtis
Fact-check justification: Mayor Emanuel said, Chicago is the "only city in the United States, you get a B average in high school, community college is free." Chicago’s Star Scholarship program does allow students with a B average or higher to attend community college in the city for free. However, there are a few other requirements as well. In addition, contrary to what Mayor Emanuel stated, Chicago is not the only city to offer such a program. Other states, including Tennessee, Oregon, and Minnesota, and the cities within them, offer similar programs to high school students. While it is  a B average means you can go to community college for free in Chicago with some added requirements, Emanuel exaggerated his  that Chicago is the only city in the nation to offer such an incentive. Therefore, we rate his  .
Statement: The 2006 Massachusetts health care law has "added (only) about 1 percent to our state budget.
Speaker: deval patrick
About the speaker: Deval Patrick is a former governor of Massachusetts. He announced on Nov. 14, 2019 that he is running for president of the United States in the 2020 election.
Date: February 27, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care;state budget;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on "This Week with Christiane Amanpour."
Fact-check justification: "That’s why the piece around the state budget has always been modest," Widmer said. "We’re not trying to pretend it didn’t cost any additional money to insure 400,000 additional people." Patrick said his state’s health care law "added about 1 percent to our state budget," and an independent analysis confirms that. There were additional costs for the health care plan outside of the state budget, so Patrick was right as far as the state budget goes. But because it's only one piece of a picture that includes increased federal spending, we rate his statement .
Statement: Google and Apple maps won't give directions to Washington, D.C. because "they don't want you going to a certain big rally.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 5, 2021
Topics: elections;technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We know that at least 42 streets in D.C. were scheduled to be closed to vehicular traffic from 6 a.m. to 11:59 p.m. on Jan. 5 and 6 in connection with planned demonstrations there.   We found no  that "Big Tech" was trying to thwart protesters from reaching D.C.   We rate this post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: The Clinton camp was the first to get it out there and try to say there was something untoward about the speech that Melania Trump gave.
Speaker: paul manafort
About the speaker: Paul Manafort is the chairman for Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign.
Date: July 19, 2016
Location: national
Topics: negative campaigning
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Manafort said, "The Clinton camp was the first to get it out there and try to say there was something untoward about the speech that Melania Trump gave." The Clinton campaign has  reacted to the claims that Melania Trump took some phrases from a 2008 Michelle Obama speech. A Twitter user in Los Angeles, who has no Clinton campaign ties, was the first to draw attention to the similarities between the two speeches. We rate Manafort's  .
Statement: Kamala's husband, a lawyer, represents the Communist Chinese Party in America!! Think about that!!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 30, 2020
Topics: china;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims, "Kamala’s husband, a lawyer, represents the Communist Chinese Party in America!!" We could find no  that Douglas Emhoff has represented the CCP. Emhoff is currently on leave from his law firm.  The post seems to inaccurately summarize an article in National Pulse, which alleges that several employees of DLA Piper have ties to the CCP.  However, foreign policy experts told us that it’s difficult for a multinational firm to entirely avoid doing business with the CCP, when over 90 million Chinese are party members.  We rate this post . PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: Neville Chamberlain told the British people: 'Accept the Nazis. Yes, they will dominate the continent of Europe, but that is not our problem. Let's appease them. Why? Because it can't be done. We cannot possibly stand against them.'
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: September 24, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: health care;history
Context: speech advocating repeal of Obamacare law
Fact-check justification: Cruz said Chamberlain "told the British people: ‘Accept the Nazis. Yes, they will dominate the continent of Europe, but that is not our problem. Let's appease them. Why? Because it can't be done. We cannot possibly stand against them.’ " We see an element of  in this ; Chamberlain invested repeatedly in diplomacy in hopes of heading off war and he bowed to some German objectives on the continent. But he simultaneously committed to British rearmament and also made it clear, publicly, that his nation would not sit back should Germany invade Poland. We rate this statement as .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.