chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Ted Cruz had a net worth of $500K when he entered the Senate in 2012. Now he's worth $4.6 million. Pretty impressive for a guy with a $174K salary.
Speaker: occupy democrats
About the speaker: Occupy Democrats, founded in 2012, is an advocacy group created to counterbalance the Republican tea party, and to "give President Obama and other progressive Democrats a Congress that will work with them to grow the economy, create jobs, promote fairness and fight inequality, and get money out of politics!"
Date: October 13, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Fact-check justification: O’Rourke isn’t an outlier — Congress has plenty of wealthy members — but the suggestion that his opponent is making more than his salary in a way that’s unique doesn’t reflect reality. At most, based on the information available in Cruz’s own financial disclosures, his net worth was more than $500,000 when he became a senator in 2012 and he was potentially worth several million. And, based again on the figures he shared in 2018, his net worth is between $1.1 million and 5.7 million. That’s quite a spread — too much of a spread, we believe, to declare his actual net worth. What’s more, like Snopes, the only figure we could confirm is Cruz’s salary.  We rate this statement as .
Statement: America is one of the highest-taxed nations in the world.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 21, 2016
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: the 2016 Republican National Convention
Fact-check justification: Our rating Trump called the United States "one of the highest-taxed nations in the world." Trump tweaked his language this time in effort to improve his accuracy, saying it’s "one of" the highest taxed nations. If you believe that he meant the corporate tax rate, given the details about companies and jobs that followed the , then Trump’s comment is pretty accurate. However, he didn’t specify that distinction, and a reasonable listener could take away from Trump’s remark that he meant taxes overall, particularly given that he set up the line with a joint reference to middle-income Americans and businesses. We rate the  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/c8860395-ac6d-4568-be87-4971393efacb
Statement: ...some of those (tax increases) were either court-ordered, or they were voted on by the people and approved by the people for (such) things as roads.
Speaker: mike huckabee
About the speaker: Mike Huckabee ran for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former governor of Arkansas; he also sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. He left hosting a self-titled television show on Fox News in January 2015.
Date: December 30, 2007
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a TV interview on NBC
Fact-check justification: The court ordered a new funding system, arguably even required more spending, but didn't order any tax increase. But that's another -o-Meter.) So how do we evaluate this "voter approval" ? We can't understand politicians who have a real story to tell and then needlessly fudge some small piece of it. Ruling: .
Statement: Six thousand people have sought addiction treatment through expanded Medicaid.
Speaker: maggie hassan
About the speaker: New Hampshire Democrat Maggie Hassan was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2016. She formerly served as governor and as a state lawmaker in New Hampshire. 
Date: June 16, 2015
Location: new hampshire
Topics: bipartisanship;drugs;medicaid
Context: Nashua
Fact-check justification:   In her state of the state address, Hassan said that "6,000 people have already accessed services for substance misuse" through the state’s Medicaid program. There is no question that substance abuse in the state is a real and pressing problem, and the statistics show that thousands have sought help as a result of the state’s expanded Medicaid program. But Hassan offered (and later corrected) a number that simply wasn’t accurate. The real total is closer to 2,000 -- about one-third the amount she cited. We rate her  .
Statement: Says Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh's opinion that a president "may decline to enforce a statute . . . when the president deems the statute unconstitutional" is "contrary to 200 years of Supreme Court precedent.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: July 10, 2018
Location: national
Topics: supreme court
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Sanders said Kavanaugh’s belief that a president "may decline to enforce a statute . . . when the president deems the statute unconstitutional" is "contrary to 200 years of Supreme Court precedent." In practical terms, presidents have indeed declined to enforce statutes they deemed unconstitutional. The question has never come before the court, however. Marbury vs. Madison held that the Supreme Court could declare statutes unconstitutional, but did not deny that presidents could also enforce constitutional principles.  We rate this statement .
Statement: Official: Rudy Giuliani officially resigns, Trump's legal team on it's last leg.
Speaker: the political voice
About the speaker: The Political Voice is a website that includes many articles critical of President Donald Trump.
Date: May 12, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: "After recognizing that this work is all-consuming and is lasting longer than initially anticipated, Rudy has determined it is best for him to resign from the firm," he said. A headline said "Official: Rudy Giuliani officially resigns, Trump’s legal team on it's last leg." That headline creates the  and  impression that Giuliani quit Trump’s legal team. In reality, he quit the Greenberg Traurig law firm to devote more time to his work for Trump. We rate this  .
Statement: Subsidizing investment in wind has pushed gas and nuclear out. Now we live with the consequences.
Speaker: dan crenshaw
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Dan Crenshaw represents the 2nd Congressional District in Texas.
Date: February 16, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: energy
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In a Feb. 16 tweet threat, Crenshaw said that these subsidies are pushing out investments in traditional energy resources like natural gas and nuclear, and that this transition led to the energy crisis Texas experienced during the February winter storm. With regard to nuclear energy, a U.S. Department of Energy report lists the low cost of natural gas as the primary challenge to the nuclear industry, which has remained relatively steady since before wind subsidies became popular.   With regard to natural gas, the number of gas-fired units also has remained relatively steady since a massive build-up in the early 2000s.  But experts say that it’s difficult to identify wind subsidies as the primary driver behind investments in natural gas generation.   We rate this  .
Statement: Public support for abortion "is actually going down a little bit," polls show.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 28, 2015
Location: national
Topics: abortion;polls and public opinion
Context: comments on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "In terms of polling, the pro-choice (support) is going down a little bit." There was a significant dip in the number of people who identified as pro-choice in 2012, but that number has rebounded during the last three years, according to a Gallup survey. Other research shows the percentage of people who identify as pro-choice or pro-life split has stayed relatively stable for at least the past 20 years. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Two photos show climate change "is a hoax.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 18, 2021
Topics: environment;climate change;corrections and updates;water;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says two water’s-edge photos, apparently from the same location, show climate change "is a hoax." Water’s-edge photographs don’t show changes in sea level over time. Global sea levels are rising, and climate change is one reason. We rate the post . UPDATE, April 23, 2021: This fact-check was updated to add comment from Thomas Frederikse. The addition does not change the rating.   Join PolitiFact LIVE on May 10-13 for a festival of fact-checking with Dr. Anthony Fauci.  Register today >>
Statement: When President Barack Obama said ISIS, or ISIL, was contained, he "was responding very specifically to the geographic expansion of ISIL in Iraq and Syria.
Speaker: ben rhodes
About the speaker: Ben Rhodes is the Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Strategic Communications and Speechwriting, overseeing President Obama’s national security communications, speechwriting, and global engagement.
Date: November 15, 2015
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Rhodes said that when Obama said ISIS was contained, he "was responding very specifically to the geographic expansion of ISIL in Iraq and Syria." Looking back at Obama’s interview where he made this comment, it is quite clear that it’s within a narrowly defined scope: ISIS’s territorial expansion in Iraq and Syria. He did not rule out the potential for a terrorist attack, and he also made it clear that the United States’ anti-ISIS efforts are a work in progress. References or suggestions that Obama claimed ISIS no longer presents an active threat are . Further, experts told us that Obama is right that ISIS hasn’t expanded in the region in recent months, though this doesn’t give a full picture of ISIS’s global reach. Rhodes’ statement rates .
Statement: Kasim Reed has kept every promise he made as a candidate.
Speaker: kasim reed
About the speaker: Kasim Reed is Mayor of Atlanta.
Date: July 15, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: city government;elections
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: ""From their point of view, they can’t wave a magic wand and make things happen. There is a process, and that can seem like foot-dragging to critics." Or, we concede, to cynics. So while there is a window for promises we may not know Reed made when he ran for office, the pledges big and small appear at least in process, if not done. We rate Reed’s statement .
Statement: Says ex-Minneapolis officer accused of killing George Floyd commits suicide in prison cell.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 31, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: The  only exists on W24n, a junk news website that has published several hoax stories including one that said President Barack Obama tested positive for the coronavirus. Chauvin was arrested on charges of third-degree murder and manslaughter on May 29 and was originally held at Ramsey County Jail in St. Paul. He was moved on May 31, first to Hennepin County Jail and then to Oak Park Heights prison. In a press conference that night , Minnesota Department of Corrections Commissioner Paul Schnells said the transfer wasn’t "uncommon" among high-profile inmates and was made, in part, due to COVID-19 transmission concerns and the anticipation that a large number of people could be booked into the county jail amid the ongoing protests. We rate this  !
Statement: We are now eighth in the nation in job creation . . . we are No. 1 in the Midwest.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: January 19, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: While that is , the context of Kasich's remark came when he was comparing Ohio to other states around the country trying to make the case that the Buckeye State was becoming a national leader in job creation. Ranking by percent increase of the workforce allows for an apples-to-apples comparison. The results give you a mix of states of all population sizes in the top 10.    That's additional information that clarifies the  and puts the job picture in better context. On the -O-Meter, the governor’s  rates .
Statement: Third party votes only siphon from (Democrats).
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 6, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Addressing the potential addition of West in the 2020 race, an Instagram post claimed "Third party votes only siphon from dems for a candidate with no chance of winning." There have been prominent examples of Democrats losing votes, most notably Nader in 2000. But experts are unanimous in noting this is not remotely  as a hard-and-fast-rule. The 2016 election even disproves this , with far more third-party voters favoring Trump over Clinton. We rate this  .
Statement: Under energy efficiency legislation sponsored by U.S. Sen. Jeanne Shaheen, "federal bureaucrats could take over the local building code enforcement in your city if so-called 'green mandates' are not complied with quickly enough.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: October 28, 2011
Location: national
Topics: energy;government regulation;new hampshire 2012
Context: Manchester, N.H
Fact-check justification: : Under Shaheen’s energy legislation, states would be required to report whether they plan to meet the model building codes. Those states that agree to the standards and accept federal dollars would be subject to a certification process to ensure they meet the regulations. But there is nothing in the bill that requires states to take part, nor are there any penalties for non-compliance. The bill is voluntary, not mandatory. We rate Perry’s  .
Statement: For four days in Denver, the Democrats were afraid to use the words 'Islamic terrorism.'
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: September 3, 2008
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: a speech at the Republican National Convention
Fact-check justification: Other Democrats also discussed the terror threat — and the attacks of Sept. 11 specifically. "Think about it: after September 11th, if there was a call from the president to get us off foreign oil to stop funding the very terrorists who had just attacked us, every American would have said, 'how can I do my part?'" said former Virginia Gov. Mark Warner. "This administration failed to believe in what we can achieve as a nation when all of us work together." Giuliani is technically correct that Democrats never used the words 'Islamic terrorism,' but they discussed terrorism plenty. As a result, we find his  to be .
Statement: No one knows who bought the [38 Studios] bonds. And there was some language put in the bond offer that they must remain anonymous.
Speaker: jim taricani
About the speaker: Jim Taricani is a veteran Rhode Island journalist and worked as an investigative reporter at WJAR-TV in Providence until his retirement in 2014.
Date: March 24, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: bankruptcy;corporations;economy;transparency
Context: a comment made on "10 News Conference."
Fact-check justification: Jim Taricani said, "No one knows who bought the [38 Studios] bonds. And there was some language put in the bond offer that they must remain anonymous." The first half of his statement appears to be correct. Although SOMEONE must have a record of who bought the bonds, the EDC, following inquiries by The Journal about the investment letters, now says it did not receive the documents required under the sale, and it is trying to get them. Regarding the other half of Taricani's statement, we could find no language guaranteeing the purchasers that their names would be kept secret. We rate his statement . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Says Texas has more than 80,000 abortions each year.
Speaker: jonathan stickland
About the speaker: Stickland, an oil and gas consultant who represents House District 92 in the 2013 Texas Legislature, describes his philosophy as constitutional conservatism, stitching together a belief in small government, free markets, social conservatism on issues such as abortion and a streak of civil libertarianism on issues such as privacy.
Date: July 9, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: abortion
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Stickland said there are "80,000+" abortions each year in Texas. That was last  in 2006, 2007 and 2008, according to the state, but the number has declined since, with 72,470 Texas abortions reported in 2011. Still, Guttmacher, a respected source, hasn’t updated its data since its survey reporting 84,610 Texas abortions in 2008, arguably giving Stickland’s  an element of . We rate this statement as .
Statement: Says Rachel Levine "is telling us that Dr. Seuss books and Mr. Potato Head are bad for the children.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 9, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We did find news coverage that mentioned Seuss, Mr. Potato Head and Levine, who is a transgender woman. The Washington Post, for example, reported on the "intensifying battle over transgender rights" and how conservatives are outraged that Hasbro is making the name of the Potato Head line of toys gender neutral. Considering that "intensifying battle," it would make sense that any comments Levine made about Seuss or the toy would draw widespread media attention. But there’s none.   We rate this post .
Statement: The poorest in this country are women.
Speaker: marcy kaptur
About the speaker: Marcy Kaptur represents Ohio's Ninth Congressional District in the House of Representatives. She was first elected to the House in 1982. She is the senior-most woman in the 111th Congress.
 
Date: March 12, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: families;poverty;women
Context: an interview on PoliticsNation with Al Sharpton on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: We went one step further and found the percentage of women in extreme poverty was 6.3 percent, 1.4 percentage points higher than for men. People who are considered in extreme poverty have incomes that are more than halfway below the federal poverty line. In those cases, one is "really destitute," said Claudia Coulton, co-director of the Center for Urban Policy and Community Development at Case Western Reserve University. So, just about any way you slice it, women are more likely than men to be poor, or at least below the poverty line. We rate Kaptur’s statement .
Statement: Out of 860 bills (Sen. Bill Nelson has) introduced in Congress, only 10 have passed.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: April 9, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: congress
Context: a website
Fact-check justification: The Republican Party of Florida said out of 860 bills Nelson has introduced in Congress "only 10 have passed." The Republicans have boiled down Nelson’s legislative record into a sound bite that has several holes. Those 860 measures are not all bills, but also amendments and resolutions. While the Republicans said Nelson only had 10 bills that "passed," that number refers to bills and resolutions enacted into law. Nelson "passed" more bills than that during his time in both chambers. What’s more, the GOP’s math did not factor in the outcome of Nelson’s successful amendments. The Republicans omit ways in which Nelson — or any other member — can exert influence on legislation, or when a similar idea is that he didn’t sponsor is signed by the president. We see how any politician’s legislative scorecard invites a mathematical analysis. But this takeaway of Nelson’s time is woefully flawed. We rate this  .
Statement: In our debate, Dan McCready doubled down on his support for Pelosi's liberal agenda of … impeaching our president.
Speaker: mark harris
About the speaker: Rev. Mark Harris is the former pastor of First Baptist Church in Charlotte. He has been a candidate for U.S. Senate and U.S. Congress in North Carolina.
Date: October 10, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: impeachment
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Harris tweeted that in his Oct. 10 debate with McCready, McCready "doubled down on his support for Pelosi’s liberal agenda of ... impeaching our President." McCready has consistently distanced himself from Pelosi. Regardless, neither Pelosi nor McCready has committed to impeaching Trump. By not opposing impeachment, they’ve left the door open to the idea. But that’s not the same as publicly stating it’s part of the Democratic or McCready agenda. We rate this  .