chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: There are 300,000 babies born deformed every year in this country because of women who are alcoholics while they're carrying those children to term.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: September 26, 2007
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Hanover, N.H
Fact-check justification: Problem is, that number is way off. The National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome states that about 40,000 children are born each year suffering from Fetal Alchol Spectrum Disorders, which includes birth defects, but also conditions such as learning disabilities or poor motor skills. The group says that number is more than Spina Bifida, Down Syndrome and Muscular Dystrophy combined, but it's still quite a way from 300,000. As for birth defects alone, the Surgeon General says that alcohol-related birth defects affect between .5 and 2 infants per 1,000 births. That comes to between about 2,100 and 8,300 cases a year, given current birth rates.
Statement: 44% of homeless people are employed.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 4, 2013
Location: national
Topics: housing;poverty;workers
Context: a meme on social media
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post said that 44 percent of homeless people are employed. On the one hand, the data is 18 years old, and the percentage who have a regular job is, at most, less than half that. Still, this is the most recent data available, and some experts say a broader more generous definition of "employed" is defensible. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Agriculture has always required a significant workforce from abroad.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: January 30, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: agriculture;immigration;history;workers
Context: a blog post on RedState.com
Fact-check justification: Rubio said that "agriculture has always required a significant workforce from abroad." There have been certain time periods and types of farms that did use many foreign workers. But Rubio overgeneralized when he suggested that throughout American history, all types of farms needed foreign workers. Farms have also been owner-operated, with little need of a foreign work force. We rate this  .
Statement: In the '80s, Democrats promised spending cuts, but delivered only tax hikes.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: July 18, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;new hampshire 2012;taxes
Context: a television campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Paul claims that during the 1980 budget negotiations, Democrats only sought tax increases. But the record indicates that they supported deficit reduction packages that included significant reductions in spending. We find his  .
Statement: Says Apple products are currently "90 percent conflict-free," and "Intel is 100 percent conflict-free.
Speaker: robin wright
About the speaker: Robin Wright is an actress and activst.
Date: May 25, 2016
Topics: global news service;corporations;human rights;technology
Context: an event at the Rockefeller Center
Fact-check justification: Wright said Apple products are currently "90 percent conflict-free," and "Intel is 100 percent conflict-free." The numbers are off. Intel says 100 percent of is processors are conflict-free, but couldn’t vouch for its other products. Apple reported that 100 percent of its supply chain was participating in audits, but rejected the label. While experts commend both companies for leading the sector in moving away from conflict minerals, they cautioned against labeling anything 100 percent "conflict-free." We rate Wright’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/6012a2b8-893f-45e6-ba1e-9220fa3d64e7
Statement: In 2013, under a Democratic Senate, "a majority of the Senate voted in favor of" gun-related legislation sponsored by Republican Sens. Chuck Grassley and Ted Cruz, "but the Democrats filibustered it.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: May 26, 2022
Topics: congress;guns
Context: an interview with Fox News
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that in 2013, under a Democratic Senate, "a majority of the Senate voted in favor of" the Grassley-Cruz amendment to tighten background checks, "but the Democrats filibustered it." This retelling is accurate up to a point, but it leaves out half the story.  Reid set a 60-vote threshold for all amendments because the Republicans’ made their own filibuster threats against what the Democrats wanted to pass. To get out of the standoff, Republicans unanimously agreed to the 60-vote threshold for all amendments.  The Cruz-Grassley amendment attracted majority support, but not 60 votes. The same was  of the Democratic-backed Manchin-Toomey amendment. We rate the statement . PolitiFact Texas reporter Nusaiba Mizan contributed to this report.
Statement: Wisconsin Republicans "repealed a statewide fair pay law" that made "sure women are treated fairly on the job.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 28, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: civil rights;income;government regulation;women;workers
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our rating Obama said Wisconsin Republicans "repealed a statewide fair-pay law" that made "sure women are treated fairly on the job." Walker and the GOP-led Legislature did repeal an law that provided more assurance -- through stiffer penalties against employers available in state court -- that women are treated fairly. But there is still a state law that allows women to win smaller damages for unequal pay through an administrative hearing process. For a statement that is accurate but needs more information, our rating is . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel’s web page .
Statement: After merging with Tim Hortons of Canada, Burger King is "not moving. … Our headquarters will remain in Miami" and "(we) will continue to pay all of our federal, state and local U.S. taxes.
Speaker: burger king
About the speaker: Burger King is an international fast-food restaurant.
Date: August 26, 2014
Location: national
Topics: corporations;taxes
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: On its Facebook page, Burger King said that after merging with Tim Hortons of Canada, the company is "not moving. … Our headquarters will remain in Miami" and "(we) will continue to pay all of our federal, state and local U.S. taxes." The part about not moving is technically accurate, but it leaves out that the company’s domicile will move from the United States to Canada -- a shift with potentially significant impacts on its tax liability. As for the part about continuing to pay its taxes, we’d fully expect the company to pay what it owes under the law. But that ignores that the company should be able to legally avoid significant tax payments it would have made had the company not merged. There may be sound financial reasons for Burger King’s incorporation decision, but the tone and message of the Facebook post is distinctly at odds with reality. The  is partially accurate, but it takes things out of context, so we rate it .
Statement: The $5 billion website for Obamacare … never worked. Still doesn't work.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 11, 2015
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Phoenix
Fact-check justification: Trump said "the $5 billion website for Obamacare … never worked. Still doesn't work." But experts say that, using the most reasonable definitions, Trump overstates the amount of money spent to create and fix healthcare.gov, and his  that the website isn’t working -- and never did -- is debunked by the fact that millions of Americans have signed up for insurance through the site, even if some more limited glitches remain. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Google Earth blocked people from seeing the Suez Canal.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 28, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The third image has a high amount of surface reflection and is brighter than the first image due to more sun reflecting back up to the satellite. The artifacts are sometimes produced when Google Earth stitches satellite images together. They normally aren't so noticeable, but satellite imagery of water can sometimes make stitching more visible, according to Google.   Other places that show a similar effect include the Panama Canal , Straits of Gibraltar and Loch Ness . We rate this post .
Statement: A video shows a child yelling an expletive at President Joe Biden.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 3, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The audio of the child yelling previously was used in the aforementioned video of Jill Biden giving a February 2022 speech at the White House, and in another altered video featuring Jill Biden as she read to a second grade class in Maryland.   As Reuters has reported , the audio of the child screaming an expletive comes from another video that has been online for at least a few years, before the Biden administration took office. The title of that video, posted in 2019 on YouTube, says: "Kid tells teacher to shut up." Other people can be seen reacting to the outburst, both laughing and chastising the child.   We rate claims that this is an authentic video in which a child yells at Joe Biden to "shut up" !
Statement: Got the old killdozer loaded up heading for Ottawa.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 6, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: "Killdozer represents the intersection between the libertarian ideal of small government and the militant fantasy of the Boogaloo," a far-right anti-government movement, Squire said. "Heemeyer, as Killdozer, meticulously planned a revenge fantasy on some local government entities that he blamed for excessive regulation of his business." A Facebook post says, "Got the old killdozer loaded up heading for Ottawa." The armored bulldozer known as "Killdozer" was dismantled in 2005, cut apart and sold as scrap metal. We rate this  .
Statement: If you are licensed to carry a concealed weapon, wearing a face covering for coronavirus "removes your conceal carry ability.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 23, 2020
Topics: civil rights;government regulation;facebook fact-checks;guns;coronavirus
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: Virginia : Virginia has a law that generally prohibits the wearing of masks to conceal identity. Gov. Ralph Northam issued an executive order requiring masks for the coronavirus, leading to questions about concealed carry. The Augusta County Sheriff’s Office said May 28: "This order doesn’t restrict your ability to conceal a firearm legally." We rate the statement .
Statement: Usually it's about $900 a month to get health coverage. (Florida's program has) reduced that, on average, to about $150 a month.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: October 21, 2009
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: a Fox News interview
Fact-check justification: We went back to the Kaiser report and found that the average cost for an individual plan is actually around $400 a month, which would mean the gap was not as dramatic as Crist claimed. Crist spokesman Sterling Ivey acknowledged the apples and oranges comparison but said the underlying point is still valid that the Florida average is lower. But we find Crist is using sleight-of-hand, comparing numbers that aren't comparable. He's used a higher family number with a lower number for individuals. We rate his  .
Statement: In Wisconsin, a "second arrest for carrying pot is a felony," but a second or subsequent arrest "for carrying a gun illegally is a misdemeanor.
Speaker: edward flynn
About the speaker: Edward Flynn was the police chief in Milwaukee, Wis., from January 2008 to February 2018. He was police commissioner in Springfield, Mass., from 2006 to 2008. He served as secretary of public safety under then-Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney from January 2003 until taking the Springfield job.
Date: April 14, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;drugs;legal issues;crime;guns
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Our rating Flynn said that in Wisconsin, a "second arrest for carrying pot is a felony," but a second or subsequent arrest "for carrying a gun illegally is a misdemeanor." A second arrest for carrying marijuana is classified as a felony offense, although depending on the circumstances, only a ticket might be issued. And generally a first or subsequent offense for carrying a gun illegally is a misdemeanor -- although for some people, such as convicted felons, a first offense is a felony.    For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification, our rating is . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel’s web page .
Statement: As for recreational marijuana revenue projections, "we are seeing all those numbers reach disappointing levels in the states that have legalized. They're not meeting their targets for the most part.
Speaker: patricia fahy
About the speaker: Represents Assembly District 109, in the Albany area. 
Date: January 14, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: state budget;marijuana
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Fahy said states that have legalized recreational marijuana "are not meeting their targets for the most part." It is  that, at first, some states struggled to meet their targets because of a slower than expected rollout of legalization. This occurred in Colorado, California and Alaska. Revenue, however, has grown in Colorado and Alaska. Oregon, Washington state and Nevada never had problems reaching their targets. To say that states aren’t meeting their revenue targets "for the most part" doesn’t give a clear picture of what’s happening with legalized marijuana in the states. We rate Fahy’s statement .
Statement: Says Charlie Crist "implemented Jeb Bush's A+ Plan.
Speaker: progressive choice florida
About the speaker: Progressive Choice Florida is "a diverse coalition of fair-minded, forward-thinking individuals and organizations advocating for leadership that stands firm on progressive principles and genuinely reflects the interests of all progressives across the nation." The site also lists the group as “a 501(c)(4) social welfare advocacy organization.”
Date: March 30, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Progressive Choice Florida said Crist "implemented Jeb Bush’s A+ Plan." Since Crist was education commissioner after the plan was passed by the Legislature, that’s to be expected. When we went back to see if Crist approved of the plan’s details, he said he did. He has been a supporter of the FCAT and how it’s been used to grade schools. We rate the statement .
Statement: AIG has fully repaid the federal government "plus a profit of more than $22 billion.
Speaker: american international group
About the speaker: AIG is a multinational insurance company with headquarters in New York.
Date: January 1, 2013
Location: national
Topics: corporations;federal budget;financial regulation
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: AIG says it honored its commitment to repay the government, plus a profit of more than $22 billion. It's  that the government has recouped the $182 billion it loaned AIG, plus $22.7 billion. Still, critics have a point that a special tax provision granted to aid the struggling company substantially offsets that "profit." We rate the company’s  .
Statement: If I mail in my ballot on Sunday and show up to the polling station on Tuesday, they won't know if I've already voted or not. That, my friends, is a serious concern for all of us.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 20, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said, "If I mail in my ballot on Sunday and show up to the polling station on Tuesday, they won’t know if I’ve already voted or not." That wouldn’t work in practice. All states have procedures in place to prevent double voting, and people who try it are likely to get caught. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: When Social Security started, age expectancy for the average man was 58. It was 62 -- 62 for women.
Speaker: glenn beck
About the speaker: Glenn Beck is the host of The Glenn Beck Program, a nationally syndicated talk-radio show. He also hosts an Internet-based TV show. Beck formerly hosted a television talk show on CNN Headline News and then Fox News.
Date: February 16, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care;history;pundits;social security
Context: comments on his television show
Fact-check justification: Berkowitz thought that an alternative explanation for the age choice was that the Germans had a similar program that the Americans used as a model. Berkowitz also pointed out that the median age might not reflect real life expectancy because the number was skewed by a large share of infant deaths. "After you survive infancy, life expectancy goes up." Of course, we can't be sure what FDR was thinking, but for our purposes, Beck's statement is off by just a couple of years and his overall point is right that life expectancy was below the retirement age of 65. That's close enough to earn a .
Statement: Now we have ISIS coming over the (U.S.-Mexico) border.
Speaker: jeff dewit
About the speaker: Jeff DeWit was elected Arizona State Treasurer in November 2014. 
Date: February 22, 2016
Location: arizona
Topics: terrorism
Context: an interview with CNN's Carol Costello
Fact-check justification: DeWit said, "now we have ISIS coming over the border." There is no definitive  of that. Yes, people with ties to the Middle East have been encountered at the border. Members of terrorist group Hezbollah entered the United States via the border sometime before 2005. But there’s no  that terrorists linked to ISIS have crossed the border, and many public safety officials have said flatly that it hasn’t happened. For that, we rate DeWit’s  as .
Statement: More money is dedicated within the Department of Homeland Security to climate change than what's spent combating "Islamist terrorists radicalizing over the Internet in the United States of America.
Speaker: michael mccaul
About the speaker: Michael McCaul was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004.
Date: May 10, 2015
Location: national
Topics: climate change;homeland security;terrorism
Context: comments on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: McCaul said that the Homeland Security budget has more money dedicated to climate change than combating the violent extremists radicalizing Islamist terrorists over the Internet. That is a very narrow comparison. It concerns only the Homeland Security Department and only programs designed to prevent Islamic extremists’ use of the Internet. Within that limited frame, McCaul’s comparison holds up. However, any complete analysis would show that federal departments and agencies spend significantly more money targeting terrorists than they do targeting climate change. McCaul's statement needs that additional information. We rate it .