chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says an estimate that Texas will face an $18 billion budget gap is "a number that somebody just reached up in the air and grabbed.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: June 4, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: state budget
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: It's downright flighty. Projections may be uncertain, but that doesn't mean they're pulled from the air, as Perry told KVUE. The $18 billion budget gap figure has been cited by state leaders using the best information they now have available. And an official at the budget board, whose staffers are longstanding experts on number-crunching, called that figure "reasonable" before Perry piped up. We rate Perry's statement as .
Statement: What president has the worst record on female labor force participation? Barack Obama.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: April 9, 2012
Location: national
Topics: history;labor;women;workers
Context: a graphic posted on his website
Fact-check justification: Romney's website said, "What president has the worst record on female labor force participation? Barack Obama." According to federal statistics, every president since 1948 except for Obama and George W. Bush has seen women’s participation in the labor force rise on their watch, and Obama’s decline was bigger than Bush’s. So there’s a grain of  to Romney’s  -- but not much. The increases for presidents between 1948 and the late 1980s are largely due to broader social trends beyond the control of any president, so saying that Obama did worse than them is a red herring. Meanwhile, other cuts at the data paint a different picture. Under Obama, the decline in workforce participation for women was actually smaller than it was for men, and calculating the data using slightly different age groups shows that George W. Bush had a slightly worse record. This lack of context weakens Romney’s  that Obama has the "worst record on female labor force participation" of any president. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says a zip tie attached a car is a sex trafficking tactic to mark women as a target and abduct them.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 24, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But the organization’s advocates "strongly caution against spreading stories with potentially  information about human trafficking recruitment tactics as they may ultimately cause more harm than good. "  Polaris recommends anyone who wants to report or seek services related to a case of human trafficking, to contact the National Human Trafficking Hotline at 1-888-373-7888 or email [email protected] . It’s important that people remain vigilant and aware of their surroundings, but this post amounts to an unverified, alarmist warning. We rate it .
Statement: If your employer is mandating any pokes, do not quit. Make them fire you. That way you get unemployment benefits.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 4, 2021
Topics: economy;jobs;public health;welfare;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said, "If your employer is mandating any pokes, do not quit. Make them fire you. That way you get unemployment benefits and can pursue legal action." Unemployment benefits are not guaranteed to people who get fired for refusing to comply with a company’s vaccine requirements. On the contrary, legal experts said that while state guidelines vary, it’s more likely that a worker in that situation would be denied such benefits for violating company policy. We rate this post .
Statement: Says U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan attacked the president for "the same amount of Medicare savings that (Ryan) had in his own budget.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: September 5, 2012
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;medicare
Context: Charlotte, N.C
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that Ryan attacked the president for  "the same amount of Medicare savings that (Ryan) had in his own budget." Clinton is correct that the Ryan budget plan included cost savings that were part of the health care law. Just recently, the Romney campaign backed away from that plan, saying Romney’s plan would restore the spending that the health law is set to curtail, such as extra funding for private insurers under the Medicare Advantage plan. Still, Clinton was right about the Ryan plan. We rate his statement .
Statement: In Australia, a "17% increase in heart attack deaths" in the first eight months of 2022 is linked to COVID-19 vaccination.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 20, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that in Australia, a "17% increase in heart attack deaths" in the first eight months of 2022 is linked to COVID-19 vaccination. The post used cuts from a news report on the increased rate of deaths caused by ischemic heart disease. The reporting did not list the COVID-19 vaccine among likely causes for the surge and instead mentioned delayed routine and emergency treatment, as well as the virus itself.  Australian researchers have also said that medical treatment delays likely caused an increase in non-COVID-19 excess deaths in 2022. We rate this  . RELATED: Have COVID-19 vaccines caused all COVID-19 deaths in Canada? No RELATED: Videos of people ‘dropping suddenly’ aren’t related to COVID-19 vaccines RELATED: FAA: Medical guidelines changed on advice from cardiologists, not because of the COVID-19 vaccine
Statement: Americans aren't required to show IDs to vote.
Speaker: nikki haley
About the speaker: Nikki Haley announced on Feb. 14, 2023 that she is running for president in the Republican primary. Haley was the governor of South Carolina 2011-2017 and then served as President Donald Trump's ambassador to the UN in 2017 and 2018.
Date: June 7, 2022
Topics: elections;voter id laws;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post by Haley suggested that no ID is required to vote in America. Although some states do not require voters to present ID to vote, most do. At least 35 states have laws that request or require voters to present some form of ID to cast a ballot, including South Carolina’s photo ID law signed by Haley. These laws applied to about 6 in 10 voters in the 2020 election. Some are stricter, requiring a photo ID, but many accept other forms, such as a utility bill. The remaining states use other methods to verify a voter’s identity. A spokesperson for Haley said she knows such laws exist, but believes that voter ID laws should be used in every election. Her post suggested a total absence of voter ID laws; therefore, we rate this  . RELATED: Trump says Democrats are trying to 'ban voter ID.' That’s . RELATED:   All fact checks for voter ID laws
Statement: Says Wendy Davis, "born into difficult circumstances," was the daughter of a single mother and a teenage mother herself.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: June 27, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: abortion;candidate biography
Context: a speech at National Right to Life convention, Grapevine, Texas
Fact-check justification: Perry said Davis, "born into difficult circumstances," was the daughter of a single mother and a teenage mother herself. His statement, offered in the cause of a law to curb abortions, could leave the  impression that Davis was born to a struggling single mother, which is not so, best we can tell. Still, the senator’s parents divorced midway through her childhood and Davis spent at least part of her adolescence in a one-parent home. Also, Perry is correct that Davis was a teenage mother herself. This partially accurate  distorts important details. We rate it as .
Statement: U.S. is testing new most deadly nuclear bomb from B-1B Lancer.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 17, 2022
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "   The United States ended nuclear explosive testing in 1992 , testing can be done using computer simulations without an actual nuclear detonation, said Matthew Fuhrmann, a Texas A&M University political science professor who studies nuclear proliferation. The State Department has said that "these computer simulation advances provide the United States with the ability to monitor and maintain the nuclear weapons stockpile without nuclear explosive testing. "   Fuhrmann said the B-1B was converted to deliver strictly conventional munitions in the 1990s.   "It could, in theory, deliver a nuclear payload," he said, "but, to my knowledge, does not currently do so and hasn’t for a couple decades. "  We rate this post .
Statement: If you make $50,000/year, $36 of your taxes goes to food stamps. $4,000 goes to corporate subsidies.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 15, 2021
Topics: corporations;food safety;poverty;taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Our rating A post claims, "If you make $50,000/year, $36 of your taxes goes to food stamps. $4,000 goes to corporate subsidies." Experts say the post does not provide enough information to break down if a person’s tax dollars are being spent in this way. However, even when experts considered the most extreme hypothetical tax situations, they concluded these numbers were not possible. We rate this  .
Statement: The Capitol was built by slaves.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: December 2, 2008
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: The government paid Reid $1.25 a day for his work. The statue, a draped female figure holding a sheathed sword in one hand and a laurel wreath in the other, stands atop the Capitol dome, 288 feet above the site of Obama's swearing in. Pelosi might have specified that slaves were only part of the work force, but they were involved with almost every aspect of construction for at least the first several years. We find her statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/2da6e075-066e-45e7-a519-4da507b38695
Statement: Says Donald Trump "thinks stop-and-frisk is fine.
Speaker: gwen moore
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore is a Democratic member of Congress, representing Wisconsin's 4th District, which primarily includes Milwaukee. Moore, who served in the state Legislature from 1989 to 2004, was elected to Congress in 2004.
Date: November 18, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: civil rights;criminal justice;legal issues;crime
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: But we couldn’t find any statements indicating Trump has changed his position. Our rating Moore said Trump "thinks stop-and-frisk is fine." During the 2016 presidential campaign, less than two months before the election, Trump made a series of statements praising stop-and-frisk, repeating his  that it reduces crime and saying the controversial police tactic should be used more broadly around the country. We rate Moore’s statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/64fec69f-1f42-4623-a92a-ffab83b2c253
Statement: A Canadian mayor said Muslims must integrate after they "demanded removal of pork in all school canteens in Montreal.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 4, 2021
Topics: islam;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Similar  claims have been shared about other mayors in other countries. In 2020, it was the mayor of a suburb in Perth, Australia , who allegedly refused the demands of Muslim parents to remove pork from school canteens. In 2014, it was the mayor of Ath, Belgium .   But this didn’t happen there, and it didn’t happen in Dorval.   We rate this post .
Statement: Video shows man mocking police in Germany.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 14, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The word "police" appears on the back of the officers’ uniforms — it’s the same word as in English. In German, the word is "polizei. "  A version of this footage appeared online as early as February 2019, a year before the pandemic. Fact Crescendo, a fact-checking outlet in India, pinpointed the location of the incident in Marseille, France, when it debunked a  in 2020 that the recording showed police in the United States during protests over George Floyd’s death.   We rate claims that this happened in Germany in 2021 .
Statement: Gov. Pence said, inarguably, Vladimir Putin is a better leader than President Obama.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: October 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: Farmville, Va
Fact-check justification: In the debate, Kaine said that Pence had "said, inarguably, Vladimir Putin is a better leader than President Obama." Pence did say something very similar -- but not exactly as Kaine said. Pence had said that Putin "has been a stronger leader in his country than Barack Obama has been in this country." However, "stronger" is not identical to "better." We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney's housing policy is, "Don't try and stop the foreclosure process. Let it run its course and hit the bottom.
Speaker: democratic national committee
About the speaker: The Democratic National Committee is the national organization of Democrats.
Date: November 24, 2011
Location: national
Topics: housing;message machine 2012
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The DNC’s ad says that Mitt Romney’s housing policy is, "Don’t try and stop the foreclosure process. Let it run its course and hit the bottom."  That is part of his policy, but they edited out his remarks that say the housing market should then turn around and come back up as investors buy properties and rent them out. Romney also said he was open to ideas for encouraging refinancing. Romney does seem to favor letting foreclosures run their course, but he also suggests that doing so will enable investors to buy low-priced homes and revive the market. We rate the DNC’s ad .
Statement: Over 40 of our 100 (House of) Delegates seats go uncontested every year, and over 40 percent of our state senate seats go uncontested every year.
Speaker: robert sarvis
About the speaker: Robert Sarvis, a Virginia libertarian, is running for the U.S. Senate in 2014. He ran unsuccessfully for fovernor in 2013.
Sarvis has earned degrees in mathematics from Harvard University and the University of Cambridge, a J.D. from N.Y.U. School of Law, and a Master's in economics from George Mason University. He has a diverse professional background, with experience as an entrepreneur and small-business owner, a software engineer and mobile-app developer, a math teacher, and a lawyer.
Date: September 1, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: elections
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Sarvis said "every year" more than 40 percent of House and Senate seats have only one candidate. Election figures generally back Sarvis. The only blip is that during a few years -- 2011 for the Senate, as well as 2009 and 2001 for the House -- the number of uncontested races didn’t quite hit the threshold Sarvis cited. His point is basically correct but could use some additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Digital IDs were given to residents in East Palestine, Ohio, "to track long term health problems like difficulty breathing" before the Feb. 3 train derailment.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 24, 2023
Location: ohio
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post said East Palestine "gave digital ID’s FOR FREE to residents to track long term health problems like ‘difficulty breathing’" prior to the Feb. 3 train derailment there. East Palestine in October began rolling out a MyID program that would offer residents free devices, such as bracelets, with QR codes. The codes could help emergency responders access voluntary medical information provided by patients and accessible online. This information could include allergies, medications and emergency contacts. These devices have no tracking capabilities — either for pinpointing locations or monitoring vital signs. And as of March 1, no MyID devices had been distributed to East Palestine residents. We rate this  .
Statement: I'm the only candidate in the Democratic primary, or actually on either side, who Wall Street financiers and hedge fund managers are actually running ads against.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: April 3, 2016
Location: national
Topics: elections;financial regulation;negative campaigning
Context: comments on Meet the Press
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "I'm the only candidate in the Democratic primary, or actually on either side, who Wall Street financiers and hedge fund managers are actually running ads against." Wall Street financiers and hedge fund managers are running ads against Clinton. But to say she’s the only one being attacked by people associated with the financial sector is preposterous. The financial sector has contributed to both sides of the aisles, including to Clinton’s own campaign. Groups backed by Wall Street have run attack ads against virtually every candidate. Clinton’s  rates !
Statement: While 38 percent of (firearms) dealers that were inspected in 2011 were noncompliant with federal law, only 0.05 percent of inspected dealers had their licenses revoked.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: October 5, 2015
Location: national
Topics: regulation;guns
Context: her gun policy platform
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "While 38 percent of dealers that were inspected in 2011 were noncompliant with federal law, only 0.05 percent of inspected dealers had their licenses revoked." The numbers are slightly off. About 30 percent of inspected dealers had violated firearms regulations in 2011, and about 0.7 percent of them had their licenses revoked. That’s because revocations are only allowed when the dealer is "willfully" violating the law, which some say is a huge legal obstacle. The inspections and revocations process gives noncompliant dealers the chance to demonstrate willingness to comply, and the vast majority say that they will. We rate Clinton’s  .
Statement: California literally just told everyone to not charge their electric cars due to power shortage.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 18, 2021
Location: california
Topics: climate change;energy;infrastructure;states;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Posts on social media claimed that California told electric car owners to "not charge" their vehicles because of a power shortage. The posts appear to refer to a Flex Alert that was issued by the California Independent System Operator on June 17. The alert encouraged Californians to voluntarily conserve energy and charge their electric vehicles before 5 p.m. to minimize possible stress on the power grid during the first major heat wave of the summer.  CAISO officials never said people could not charge their vehicles. Rather, they asked that electric vehicle owners shift their charging schedule to accommodate limited energy sources in the evening. Furthermore, experts say that most electric vehicles only need a few hours of charging each night and are equipped with timers so that owners can schedule charging periods, making it simple for Californians to voluntarily comply with the Flex Alert. The posts also kicked off debate about whether California’s grid will be able to accommodate efforts to move toward electric vehicles in the coming years. But experts said the transition should be smooth as long as the shift to electric cars is coordinated with efforts to push for renewable energy sources and improve grid capacity. The posts entirely misinterpreted the Flex Alert and stoked largely unfounded fears about California’s move toward green energy. Therefore, we rate these claims .  – The statement is not accurate.