chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Kobe Bryant tweeted, "I have information that will lead to the arrest of Hillary Clinton.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 26, 2020
Topics: corrections and updates;crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Searching his account for any tweets about the Clintons, we found one from January 2013.   He tweeted a photo of himself with former President Bill Clinton.   "Great event with President Clinton and @KVBFF for renovation of Step Up on Vine!" he wrote. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: The majority of (the American people) voted for a Democratic House.
Speaker: steny hoyer
About the speaker: Steny Hoyer is the current House minority whip, having served in the position once before from 2003 to 2007. He was majority leader of the House from 2007 to 2011, and is the dean of the Maryland congressional delegation, having served the 5th district since 1981.
Date: February 12, 2013
Location: national
Topics: congress;elections
Context: a media availability with reporters
Fact-check justification: Hoyer said the majority of Americans "voted for a Democratic House."  We found an impartial and thorough analysis that supports his , at least when considering votes for the two dominant parties. Indeed, Democrats earned a majority. When considering votes for candidates of all parties, House Democrats still earned the most votes. But the share is a plurality, not a majority. It’s a small but noteworthy difference. We rate Hoyer’s statement .
Statement: Says video of body bags being dumped in a ditch shows the "situation in Italy" due to the coronavirus.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 27, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: You can watch the full clip from "Pandemic" here .   Italy has seen a high death toll as a result of the coronavirus, which was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. According to the World Health Organization , the country had recorded 139,422 confirmed cases and 17,669 deaths from COVID-19 as of April 9. But the clip passed off by Facebook users as footage of the "situation in Italy" is lifted from a 2007 TV series about a fictional pandemic. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Of $60 billion Congress approved in response to Hurricane Sandy, "only 10 percent was for disaster relief.
Speaker: al cardenas
About the speaker: Al Cardenas, a former chairman of the Florida Republican Party, chairs the American Conservative Union.
Date: March 1, 2013
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: an interview on MSNBC’s Morning Joe
Fact-check justification: Cardenas was specific with his numbers, but his own organization says he misspoke. Our math shows that the $15 billion for FEMA disaster relief and flood insurance alone are more than double what Cardenas claimed. And while Ellis raises some valid questions about how much of the $60 billion package will ultimately go to disaster relief, we find it will be significantly more than Cardenas said. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says some of the names that may be purged from voter roll are people who have died.
Speaker: robert spindell
About the speaker: Robert Spindell is a Republican and one of six commissioners on the Wisconsin Elections Commission. He was first appointed in 2019.
Date: January 19, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: voter id laws;voting record
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Spindell said the controversial list of names up for purging from the voter roll includes people who have died. But people who died were removed before the original inactive voters list was created in October, and others who have died since then have been removed as part of the ongoing monthly updates. That doesn’t line up with Spindell’s present-tense  that names at risk of removal include people who have died. So there’s an element of , but it ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That’s our definition of .
Statement: We have 93 million people out of work. They look for jobs, they give up, and all of a sudden, statistically, they're considered employed.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 28, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an interview with Sarah Palin
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "We have 93 million people out of work. They look for jobs, they give up, and all of a sudden, statistically, they're considered employed." That figure, boosted by Trump’s description, represents a basic misunderstanding of the labor market. Once you strip out full-time students, senior citizens, the disabled, and those who have chosen not to work to take care of their children, a more reasonable estimate of "out of work" Americans is somewhere in the neighborhood of 21 million, or less than a quarter of Trump’s figure. Meanwhile, he is flat  that the government reclassifies discouraged workers as "employed." We rate his  .
Statement: Says, "In Oregon in 2010, 49 percent of all pregnancies were unintended.
Speaker: carolyn tomei
About the speaker: Rep. Carolyn Tomei, D-Milwaukie, is a member of the Oregon House of Representatives. Her interests are public health and human services.
Date: May 15, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: children;families;health care;women
Context: a House floor speech
Fact-check justification: PolitiFact Oregon rates the accuracy of the statement, not the ins and outs of the survey from which the statement comes. In the colloquial sense, Tomei is off by a few points. In the survey sense, she is backed up by a national study, although for a different year. We find those two factors are enough to find her statement accurate, but needing both clarification and additional information. We rule the statement .
Statement: In three days last week, (Gov. Rick) Perry flew to five cities at taxpayers' expense, holding press conferences, delivering $2,325,000 in checks.
Speaker: bill white
About the speaker: Bill White, an author, is a San Antonio native who was mayor of Houston from 2004-2009. He was the 2010 Democratic nominee for governor of Texas.
Date: May 19, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: elections;ethics;state budget
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: All in all, White got several things right — five cities visited, press events, money awards. And it's  the state pays some costs any time the governor goes anywhere. But White's crucial assumption — that Perry's flights were at taxpayers' expense — is . It's a misstep the candidate might have avoided by reading his local newspaper. !
Statement: The "boyfriend loophole" means that "if you commit a serious crime of domestic abuse against your wife, you can't get a gun, but if you do it against your girlfriend, you can.
Speaker: amy klobuchar
About the speaker: Amy Klobuchar is a senator from Minnesota. Klobuchar was elected as senator in 2006 and re-elected in 2012 and 2018. Klobuchar received a bachelor’s degree in political science from Yale University and a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School. In 2019, she announced she was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 2, 2020.
Date: August 12, 2019
Location: national
Topics: crime;guns
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Klobuchar said the "boyfriend loophole" means that "if you commit a serious crime of domestic abuse against your wife, you can't get a gun, but if you do it against your girlfriend, you can." The gun prohibition, which is in federal law, does not apply to boyfriends who are, or were, in mere dating or more casual relationships.  But it does apply to boyfriends who have a child in common with the domestic violence victim; live or lived with the victim; or who are "similarly situated to a spouse." Also, 19 states have similar laws on misdemeanor domestic violence cases. Klobuchar’s statement is partially accurate. We rate it .
Statement: 25 percent of federal inmates are noncitizens.
Speaker: larry o'connor
About the speaker: Larry O'Connor is a radio host and editor-at-large for IJReview.com
Date: July 7, 2015
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: an interview on "The Real Story with Gretchen Carlson" on Fox News
Fact-check justification: O’Connor said 25 percent of federal inmates are noncitizens. According to the Bureau of Prisons, that’s pretty much spot on. But it’s important to know that a hefty fraction of those inmates are only in prison for violating immigration laws and are in facilities more or less created to house them. If you take those people out of the equation, you’re looking at about 12 percent of federal inmates. The  is correct, but it overlooks a significant wrinkle. We rate it .
Statement: We win when voter turnout is high, we lose when it is low.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: April 12, 2016
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: Syracuse, N.Y
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "We win when voter turnout is high, we lose when it is low." Sanders did notch a few notable victories in high-turnout primaries, but it would be cherry-picking to focus only on primaries. Sanders has  won caucuses, which have produced the lowest turnout rates of 2016 across the board. And while Sanders did win the handful of states where Democratic turnout increased over 2008, these increases were tiny, casting doubt on how significant an accomplishment this is. The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/074dfd44-4244-447d-8cd3-371fb14bad33
Statement: Eliminating affirmative action in admissions in Florida led to "more African American and Hispanic kids attending our university system" than before.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: February 27, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a CPAC appearance
Fact-check justification: Bush said that eliminating affirmative action in admissions led to "more African American and Hispanic kids attending our university system" universities than before. The raw numbers of black and Hispanic students are up, but the percentage of black students in the State University System is down slightly since Bush’s 1999 executive order. The number of Hispanic students has gone up considerably, but that is partly because of a recent change in how students report ethnicity during the admissions process. There’s no hard  Bush’s One Florida program had much to do with the enrollment changes. Experts say demographics, graduation rates and state-sponsored scholarship money have had more influence. We rate the statement . Note: This  was fact-checked as part of a reward to  our Kickstarter campaign  to live fact-check the 2015 State of the Union. Thanks to all who contributed.
Statement: Virginians pay the 11th-highest power bills in the nation.
Speaker: clean virginia
About the speaker: Clean Virginia is a non-profit organization seeking to overhaul the state's system of regulating power companies, which it says is "corrupt," and "rigged" against  consumers.
The organization notes that Virginia's two dominant power companies, Dominion Energy and the Appalachian Power Co., which provide 82 percent of the state's electricity, have contributed more than $12 million to state campaigns since 1996. Those contributions, the organization contends, have reseulted in favorable treatment by the Genral Assembly.
 
 
Date: November 16, 2018
Location: virginia
Topics: energy;regulation
Context: website post
Fact-check justification: Clean Virginia says, "Virginians pay the 11th-highest power bills in the nation." Virginia does have the 11th-highest residential power rates in the country, according to 2017 federal government statistics. But there’s much to this ranking that Clean Virginia omits in trying to establish the bills as proof that Virginia’s regulation of power companies is "rigged" against consumers and "corrupt." The hefty bills are not caused by high electricity rates, which are established in negotiations between power companies, regulators, state politicians and other parties. To the contrary, Virginia has the 17th-lowest residential rates. What’s driving the big bills is the high consumption of electricity by Virginia households who, on average, use the eighth-most power in the country. That follows a pattern across the U.S.; states with low residential rates use a lot of electricity and vice versa. Clean Virginia tells half the story, and we rate its statement .
Statement: Today New Mexico (has) the sixth-fastest growing economy.
Speaker: bill richardson
About the speaker: Bill Richardson is the former governor of New Mexico, having served two terms in that position from 2003-2011. Richardson is also a former congressman, U.S. secretary of energy, and ambassador to the United Nations. He unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for president in 2008, and was President Barack Obama’s initial nominee for secretary of commerce in 2009.
Date: September 26, 2007
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Hanover, N.H
Fact-check justification: If economic strength is measured by the increase in state's gross domestic product, New Mexico actually ranks higher than sixth. Measured by the change from 2005 to 2006 (the most recent data available), the state ranks fifth, according to U.S. Commerce Department data. So if Richardson was using this measurement of the economy, he slightly understated his state's growth. Either way, Richardson is generally correct that the state's economy has done well in his term (largely because of gains in the oil and gas industry). We find his  .
Statement: The federal government has made investments in science and technology inventing the products that led to the creation of Google.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 26, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: technology
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: It’s clear that Google’s co-founders used resources from the NSF for their work. Some, such as Malseed, say those resources were helpful, but a part of the puzzle. We believe the president’s statement is technically accurate. But it might give a bit too much credit to the government’s role in Google’s development. We rate Obama’s  as .
Statement: Says "There are now Occupy Wall Street camps in hundreds of cities across the United States.
Speaker: sam adams
About the speaker: Sam Adams is the mayor of Portland. Before that he was a city commissioner and , for 11 years, was chief of staff to then-Mayor Vera Katz.
Date: October 13, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: city government;occupy wall street
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: The thing is, we don’t know how many mayors are dealing with Occupy Wall Street events, whether it’s more than 100, which is not hundreds, or in the 200 to 300 range, as some sites say. Throw in Adams’ specific  about protest camps, and we rule the mayor’s statement . As of Oct. 13, there were not camps in hundreds of cities across the United States. But there may be hundreds of mayors dealing with the issue. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.
Statement: There were more people on welfare than working in 2013.
Speaker: terry jeffrey
About the speaker: Terence P. Jeffrey started as editor in chief of CNSNews.com in September 2007. Prior to that, he served for more than a decade as editor of Human Events, where he is now an editor at large.
Date: January 21, 2015
Topics: economy;jobs;poverty;welfare;punditfact
Context: TownHall.com
Fact-check justification: Jeffrey said that in 2013, there were 109,631,000 Americans "on welfare," outnumbering the "105,862,000 full-time year-round workers in the United States." While the  is based on real numbers, it’s a fundamentally flawed, apples-and-oranges comparison. The number of "welfare" recipients -- unlike the number of workers -- is enlarged by the inclusion of children and senior citizens. The comparison also ignores that many "welfare" recipients actually work, so trying to separate the two categories creates a  dichotomy. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Tom Hanks was photographed wearing a T-shirt with progressive slogans on it.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 20, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Facebook took down that page and many others as part of its efforts to detect "coordinated inauthentic activity on the platform." Facebook said "No racism no war" was linked to Iran, though not the Iranian government.   This isn’t the first time Hanks has been depicted in a doctored image. In 2018, the actor was falsely shown as wearing a tee bearing a vulgar anti-Trump Halloween message.   We rate this viral image .
Statement: A sitting sheriff cannot be charged except by a warrant issued by a Superior Court judge.
Speaker: danny porter
About the speaker: Danny Porter is Gwinnett County's District Attorney.
Date: May 4, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: legal issues;crime
Context: an interview with AM750 and 95.5 FM News/Talk WSB radio
Fact-check justification: He had other options. Warrants can be issued against sheriffs by the state court and probate courts judges. PolitiFact defines a statement as  when it’s at least partially accurate but missing enough context to be  to the average reader. Porter’s statement fits that bill. We rate his statement .
Statement: Under Obama's tax plan, "95 percent of you will get a tax cut.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 26, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Oxford, Miss
Fact-check justification: So Obama's statement at the debate glosses over a few important details about who would get tax cuts under his plan. If you're talking about everyone, it's 81 percent.  If you're talking about working families, it's 95 percent. The difference between 81 percent and 95 percent is not insignificant. We rule his debate statement .
Statement: Only 2 percent of public high schools in the country offer PE classes.
Speaker: michelle obama
About the speaker: Michelle Obama is the wife of Barack Obama and the former First Lady of the United States. She is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School and has worked for the Mayor of Chicago and the University of Chicago. Michelle and Barack Obama have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 29, 2012
Location: national
Topics: education;health care
Context: an interview with NPR
Fact-check justification: Official federal data show that more than 95 percent of high schools in 2006 required PE -- a far cry from the 2 percent Obama cited. We rate her  .
Statement: We've got an average of 5,600 soldiers committing suicide. That's about 20 a day.
Speaker: david scott
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. David Scott represents Georgia's 13th district, which covers portions of Cobb, Clayton, Douglas, Fulton, Henry and DeKalb.
Date: May 27, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: health care;veterans
Context: WABE
Fact-check justification: To sum it up, though Scott is a little off on his math, he’s close enough on the daily rates for us. He has a point to drive home, that a lot of veterans are dying by their own hands. The problem is when he attempts to link the daily suicide rates of all military veterans, who may never have visited a VA center, with the current scandal. The study offers no  to back up the implication that blame lies with the VA on those deaths. With that context, we rate Scott’s statements as .
Statement: Says Gov. Tony Evers' budget includes tax and fee increases even while spending "more on his way to a nearly $2 billion deficit.
Speaker: david craig
About the speaker: David Craig is an American Republican Party politician currently serving in the Wisconsin State Senate. He previously was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.
Date: April 2, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: deficit;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The budget does increase taxes. But it has to be balanced by law. That said, projected numbers do show Evers would start the next two-year budget, beginning in July 2021, with a projected gap of $1.96 billion. That number will change based on the performance of the economy and other factors. We rate this  .