chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Before the HOPE scholarship, "70 percent of the high school students who made 1400 or above on their SAT left the state of Georgia. Now, 70 percent of those stay in the state of Georgia.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: April 17, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: a speech before the Atlanta Press Club
Fact-check justification: The newspaper article cited in the study his office sent us is more than a decade old. Deal’s statement contains a kernel of . Recent information backs up the larger  that more of Georgia’s high-achieving students are staying in-state to attend college. But Deal set a high bar when he used such specific figures. The governor earns a .
Statement: My opponent, Rick Gunn, blocked the expansion of Medicaid — costing half a million people health insurance, including at least 23,000 veterans.
Speaker: jd wooten
About the speaker: JD Wooten is a Democrat and lawyer from Whitsett, NC.
Date: August 24, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: medicaid
Fact-check justification: In the caption of a video posted to Facebook, Wooten said, "My opponent, Rick Gunn, blocked the expansion of Medicaid — costing half a million people health insurance, including at least 23,000 veterans." Wooten is  correct on the first two charges and close to correct on the third. Gunn co-sponsored a 2013 bill that rejected Medicaid expansion, so even if he was not solely responsible for blocking expansion, he played a role in it. Experts agree this is costing approximately 500,000 North Carolinians the chance at receiving health coverage. That would include many veterans, although the exact number is less clear than Wooten suggested. But given the available research, Wooten’s number seems reasonable. We rate this statement . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provides support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide.
Statement: The Boeing 737 Max 8, the type of plane that crashed in Ethiopia, continues to fly in the United States, despite the FAA saying "software updates are likely coming.
Speaker: elizabeth warren
About the speaker: Elizabeth Warren is a senator from Massachusetts. Warren was elected to the Senate in 2012 and was re-elected in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024. Warren received a bachelor’s degree in speech pathology and audiology from the University of Houston and a J.D. from Rutgers Law School. In 2019, she announced her race for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 5, 2020.
Date: March 12, 2019
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;transportation
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Warren said the FAA had "indicated that software changes" were coming to the Boeing 737 Max 8 fleet. The FAA’s airworthiness notice not only indicated that such changes were on their way, it telegraphed that those modifications would be mandatory by the end of April. We rate this statement .
Statement: One in every five families in the state of New Jersey has a loved one with a mental illness, a serious mental illness, and today, we don't care.
Speaker: richard codey
About the speaker: Richard Codey is a Democratic state senator representing parts of Essex and Morris counties. Codey served as New Jersey governor from November 2004 to January 2006.
 
Date: July 11, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: health care;state budget
Context: a speech on the Senate floor
Fact-check justification: Various reports from at least three organizations cite that statistic, but NAMI cites 1-in-4. Another national organization cites both. Even with the slight disparity, the overall point of Codey’s statement is that mental illness is very common. We rate Codey’s  . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says the Senate will have a record number of female senators in 2013.
Speaker: kay bailey hutchison
About the speaker: Kay Bailey Hutchison, initially elected to the U.S. Senate in 1993, did not seek re-election in 2012. She ran for governor in 2010, losing the Republican nomination to incumbent Rick Perry.
Date: December 19, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: history;women
Context: a speech on the Senate floor
Fact-check justification: We harvested historical perspective from a Senate web page listing the 39 women who have served as senators since a 24-hour appointee, Rebecca Latimer Felton of Georgia, took the oath in November 1922. Current female senators, in order of seniority with the most experienced first, are: Barbara Mikulski, D-Md.; Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif.; Barbara Boxer, D-Calif.; Patty Murray, D-Wash.; Hutchison; Snowe; Mary Landrieu, D-La; Susan Collins, R-Maine.; Deborah Stabenow, D-Mich.; Marie E. Cantwell, D-Wash.; Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska; Claire McCaskill, D-Mo.; Amy Klobuchar, D-Minn.; Jeanne Shaheen, D-N.H.; Kay Hagan, D-N.C.; Kirsten Gillibrand, D-N.Y.; and Kelly Ayotte, R-N.H. News accounts say the Senate's 2013 newcomers include Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass.; Deb Fischer, R-Neb.; Tammy Baldwin, D-Wis.; Heidi Heitkamp, D-N.D.; and Mazie Hirono, D-Hawaii. Footnote: Hutchison was among seven female senators on her initial swearing-in in June 1993, according to the Senate web page. Women have held more than 10 Senate seats since 2001, more than 15 since 2007. We rate this valedictory  as .
Statement: San Diego's border barrier "almost completely ended illegal crossings.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 5, 2019
Location: california
Topics: immigration;crime
Context: a State of the Union Address
Fact-check justification: A surge of border patrol agents, vehicles and technology along with improved economic opportunities in Mexico all played important roles. Trump’s statement ignores these key factors, giving credit only to the barrier. We rate his  .   – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Photo shows first person from a Honduras caravan to be granted asylum in the U.S.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 4, 2023
Topics: immigration;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A reverse-image search led to adult websites, and showed that it was part of a pornographic set of photos.   This post and other  claims about migrants have surfaced in the past week, as Title 42 —  a public health policy that has prevented many migrants from applying for asylum at the southern U.S. border — is set to expire May 11, which officials suspect will lead to a surge in migration.   We rate the  that this photo shows the first person from a Honduras caravan to be granted asylum in the U.S. . RELATED: Title 42 expiration: What's next for migrants applying for asylum at US’ southern border?
Statement: Under current conditions, by 2023, the interest payments on the national debt will be $722 billion, larger than the projected defense spending of $696 billion.
Speaker: tom price
About the speaker: Rep. Tom Price is the Secretary of Health and Human Services in the Trump administration. Previously, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives for the 6th District of Georgia, an area that includes Marietta and Canton.
Date: March 18, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: the 2016 Budget Resolution from House Budget Committee
Fact-check justification: His figures are based on the best-available data, which tries to project a decade out. Those projections can and will change, though how is impossible to know. The decision to compare military spending with debt is not a common way to benchmark projections. But even the broader comparisons Price could have made – about the share of the nation’s economic output being spent on interest payments – support that broader argument. We rate his  .
Statement: There is no war in Ukraine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 5, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: That’s because it trafficks in misinformation about the war that we’ve encountered before. Previous posts have falsely claimed that various photos are  the war is , that video clips prove it’s staged, that it’s scripted . None of that was accurate, and neither is the  that there’s no war in Ukraine.   It defies more than a year of news coverage from reporters with media outlets from around the world giving dispatches from Ukraine, describing the front lines, the lives of civilians and more. We rate this post !
Statement: Says Mike Pence changed "his Twitter banner photo to Biden and Harris.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 6, 2021
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: And of the four photos shows Pence holding his wife’s hand as they both wave. Like in the header photo, they are wearing gloves, long dark jackets and Karen Pence is wearing a hat.   We rate the  that Pence changed his header photo to one of Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: A federal judge just ordered Wisconsin must have all ballots counted by 8 p.m. on the day of the election.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 28, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;wisconsin
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post claims that a judge ruled all ballots in Wisconsin must be counted by 8 p.m. on Election Day. But the post gets it completely . First, voters in line at 8 p.m. on Election Day can legally cast their vote. No judge made this ruling.  An earlier ruling from a federal judge -- since upheld by an appeals panel -- actually did the opposite, allowing any absentee ballots returned by Nov. 9 to be counted, as long as they were postmarked by Election Day. We rate the  .
Statement: MRNA vaccines are being injected into our food supply.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 13, 2023
Topics: agriculture;food safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Moreover, he added, even if somehow the components remained in meat, they "would be almost instantly destroyed by the acid and the enzymes in our stomachs." We rate the  that mRNA vaccines are being injected into our food supply .   RELATED: Does Pfizer’s COVID-19 booster increase stroke risk? ‘Very unlikely,’ agencies say RELATED: Why an analysis of COVID-19 vaccines from Florida’s surgeon general is flawed RELATED: No, the Food and Drug Administration didn’t say that the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine causes blood clots
Statement: The Orlando shooter used "a weapon of war.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: June 17, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: guns
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: We rate the  . (Correction: This item was corrected to reflect that a shorter gun barrel reduces the velocity at which a bullet exits the barrel. It does not change the rating.) https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/ddb98f12-62dc-4a3e-ae44-2d4509d6c220
Statement: In California, "they're rioting now" over sanctuary cities.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 20, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Elko, Nev
Fact-check justification: Trump said that in California, "they're rioting now" over sanctuary cities. There is no  to support that assertion. We rate the statement .
Statement: A girl's "life expectancy is seven years after entering into prostitution.
Speaker: mary elizabeth coleman
About the speaker: Mary Elizabeth Coleman is a Republican state representative from Missouri.
Date: January 23, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: children;public health;sexuality;women
Context: a speech at a General Laws Committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Coleman said a girl’s "life expectancy is seven years after entering into prostitution." There have been no large-scale studies done to prove this statistic. Some smaller studies, including COYOTE-RI’s, show sex workers living much longer than seven years. Coleman based this  off an eight-year-old budget report. The FBI did not state a source for this number and has since denounced it. We rate the  .
Statement: Passage of Clinton budget bill in 1993 "led to an enormous flowering of the economy in America.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: April 18, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget;history;this week - abc news;taxes
Context: an interview on ABC's This Week
Fact-check justification: "The policy of promoting an overvalued dollar gave us the record trade deficits that eventually peaked at almost 6 percent of GDP in 2006," Baker said. Ultimately, few would deny that Clinton presided over impressive economic growth. Meanwhile, our number-crunching suggests that the economy's improvement did indeed accelerate after the 1993 Balanced Budget bill became law. Still, Clinton is exaggerating when he says the 1993 bill "led to an enormous flowering of the economy in America" because economists say many factors played a role.  All in all, we give the former president a rating of .
Statement: Imitation dairy products often differ nutritionally from those they mimic, and labeling them "milk" or "cheese" or "yogurt" is "against the law.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: January 12, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: agriculture;food;government regulation
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: "All the products profile differently," said Susan Levin, a registered dietitian and director of nutrition education for the Washington, D.C.-based Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Bottom line: Baldwin’s nutrition observation is on target, based on a comparison of milk products. Our rating Baldwin claimed that imitation dairy products made from plants often differ nutritionally from the real thing, and labeling them "milk" or "cheese" or "yogurt" is "against the law." The nutrition point is accurate, and the legal point is partially so. Overall we rate her  .
Statement: The law, right now, permits companies that close down American factories and offices and move those jobs overseas to take a tax deduction for the costs associated with moving the jobs to China or India or wherever.
Speaker: sheldon whitehouse
About the speaker: Sheldon Whitehouse is a Democratic U.S. Senator from Rhode Island.
Date: September 27, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;jobs;taxes
Context: a speech on the Senate floor
Fact-check justification: S-3816 was essentially voted down Sept. 28 after it garnered only 53 of the 60 votes required to close off debate. Among 57 Democrats, 52 supported it (one didn't vo te), 40 of 41 Repub licans opposed it (one didn't vote) and the two independents were split. So the law Whitehouse decries is still the law. There is little debate that the current system allows companies to get a tax break for their expenses when they send jobs outside the U.S. We rate Whitehouse's statement .
Statement: There are fewer Iowans working today than when Gov. Reynolds took office.
Speaker: zach wahls
About the speaker: Zach Wahls was elected to his first term in the Iowa Senate in 2018. He represents Senate District 37, which includes Coralville, western Iowa City and Solon in Johnson County; all of Cedar County; and the City of Wilton in Muscatine County. 
Date: May 31, 2022
Location: iowa
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an end-of-year Senate Democrats newsletter
Fact-check justification: Iowa’s top Democrat in the state Senate says fewer Iowans have jobs now than when the Republican governor took office in May 2017. The numbers back this up, at least until they can be verified better. Additionally, Wahl’s point about a slow jobs creation rate for Iowa gets an assist from rankings that show the state 43rd for jobs growth among the 50 U.S. states in April this year.  But numbers based on survey estimates that will be adjusted when more data are known leave open possibilities that the 200-jobs margin reflected now could change, downward but also upward. That uncertainty, combined with current reports showing slow jobs creation when compared with other states, leads us to rate the statement about Iowa losing jobs during Reynolds’ time in office to be .
Statement: Hunter Biden arrested this morning.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 19, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: There’s no  to support this , but plenty of reasons to doubt it.   The arrest of the president’s son would be big, global news, and there’s no credible reports to speak of.   Though the U.S. attorney’s office in Delaware is overseeing an investigation into Biden’s business dealings, he hasn’t been charged with a crime, and it strains credulity to think that if he  really was on trial in Delaware — and on the brink of being arrested — he would attend the White House Easter egg roll, as he did on April 18.   The president has also not commented on the supposed arrest of his son, and that’s because it didn’t happen.   We rate this post !
Statement: Under sequestration, the military was cut "down to the smallest Army since 1940, the smallest Navy since 1915.
Speaker: lindsey graham
About the speaker: Lindsey Graham is a U.S. senator from South Carolina. He was a candidate for the Republican nominee for president in 2016.
Date: October 5, 2014
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: comments on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Graham said that under sequestration, the military was cut "down to the smallest Army since 1940, the smallest Navy since 1915." Graham was counting the number of ground troops in the Army and the number of ships in the Navy. He’s got the numbers right, but it’s not a fair comparison because technology and capabilities have grown so much in the past century. The Army and Navy of today are much more capable than they were decades ago, even with fewer soldiers and ships. A better comparison is to look at how the U.S. military stands up relative to other nations. Graham’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details and takes things out of context, so we rate it .
Statement: Never in American history has so much been spent at one time. Never in American history will so many taxes be raised and so much borrowing be needed to pay for this reckless spending.
Speaker: kevin mccarthy
About the speaker: Kevin McCarthy, who was first elected in 2006, is a Republican member of Congress representing a district in California. McCarthy was elected as House Speaker in January 2023.
Date: November 18, 2021
Topics: debt;deficit;federal budget;taxes
Context: a House floor speech
Fact-check justification: McCarthy said, "Never in American history has so much been spent at one time. Never in American history will so many taxes be raised and so much borrowing be needed to pay for this reckless spending." He’s  on all three counts. Two bills, including the bipartisan CARES Act, spent more money at one time. As a share of gross domestic product, the tax increases in the Build Back Better bill only rank sixth since 1968 and 16th since World War II. And the CARES Act was one of two bills that added far more to the debt than the Build Better Back bill would. We rate the statement .
Statement: CNN shocks America, fires 'journalist' who made fun of Sarah Sanders' face
Speaker: daily world update
About the speaker: Daily World Update is a fake news site promoting false information. 
Date: April 29, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: The Daily World Update wrote that "CNN shocks America, fires ‘journalist’ who made fun of Sarah Sanders’ face." The story said that Marvin Schmidt was fired by CNN, but there is no co-host at CNN by that name. The story said Schmidt tweeted an insult about Sanders’ appearance, but the actual quote came from Trump in 2015 about Carly Fiorina. We rate this headline .
Statement: Biden orders dishonorable discharge for 46% of troops who refuse vaccine.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 27, 2021
Topics: legal issues;military;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: Instagram posts
Fact-check justification: Instagram posts said, "Biden orders dishonorable discharge for 46% of troops who refuse vaccine."  There’s no  that Biden has given any such direction, and experts on military law said he wouldn’t have the legal authority to do so as president. The percentage of active-duty military service members who have been partially or fully vaccinated against COVID-19 is about 95%, and the deadlines are a month or more away. We rate this post .