chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In California, there were "10 million mail ballots unaccounted for" in the November midterm election.
Speaker: public interest legal foundation
About the speaker: The Public Interest Legal Foundation uses research and legal measures to prevent voter fraud.
Date: January 18, 2023
Location: california
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a report
Fact-check justification: The Public Interest Legal Foundation said in California, "10 million mail ballots (were) unaccounted for" in the November midterm election.  California sends mail ballots to all active registered voters. The California secretary of state’s office and election experts said the 10 million are simply ballots that were not used or returned by voters. They do not consider the ballots to be unaccounted for or missing.  We rate this  .
Statement: Says Jeanne Shaheen "got behind the idea of using the IRS to target American citizens for their political views.
Speaker: jennifer horn
About the speaker: Jennifer Horn, the chairman of the Republican Party of New Hampshire, is a two-time challenger for the New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district. She won the Republican nomination in 2008, but eventually lost to Paul Hodes in the general election. In 2010, she lost to Charles Bass in the Republican primary. Horn lives in Nashua, New Hampshire, with her husband William Horn.
Date: October 23, 2013
Location: new hampshire
Topics: taxes
Context: remarks at a party fundraiser
Fact-check justification: Shaheen, however, voiced her opinion about two years after the controversial IRS efforts were already under way, and there is no  that she was aware of alleged IRS targeting of conservative groups before it became public in the Inspector General’s report. What Shaheen actually "got behind" was the DISCLOSE Act, which requires non-profit groups to share information about their campaign contributions. It’s a stretch to suggest that Shaheen favored going after citizens "for their political views." At most, her scrutiny was aimed at ensuring transparency about the funding sources for groups across the ideological spectrum. On balance, we rate Horn’s statement .
Statement: Quotes Beto O'Rourke as saying, "If I could throw two kinds of people in the garbage it would be the elderly and wounded veterans. When a tool breaks you don't fix it, you throw it in the damn trash.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 13, 2019
Topics: veterans;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "O’Rourke was the primary sponsor of the Honor our Commitment Act, which expanded mental health care through the VA to veterans with ‘other-than-honorable’ discharges from the military. The measure was included in an omnibus spending bill in March." The Tribune notes a blog post O’Rourke wrote earlier on March 2017 describing veteran suicides. "This figure shows an unacceptable gap in health care coverage for our nation’s most vulnerable veterans," O’Rourke said in the blog post on Medium. We rate the made-up Facebook post !
Statement: There's one (study) that came out of Pew in 2008 that showed 14 percent of people who voted were noncitizens.
Speaker: sean spicer
About the speaker: Sean Spicer is former press secretary to President Donald Trump. Previously, he was the communications director for the Republican National Committee.
Date: January 24, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;elections
Context: the daily press briefing
Fact-check justification: Spicer said, "There's one (study) that came out of Pew in 2008 that showed 14 percent of people who voted were noncitizens." Spicer is both conflating and misquoting two studies: A 2012 Pew report about outdated voter rolls and a 2014 Old Dominion University study that found 6 percent of noncitizens surveyed voted in 2008. The Old Dominion University study has been widely criticized for its methodology. No study has found the statistic Spicer cites. If 14 percent of all voters in 2008 were noncitizens, that would have to mean that more than 80 percent of America’s noncitizen population voted. Spicer’s  is .
Statement: Even in California now, they don't want to be sanctuary cities anymore. They want out.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 29, 2018
Location: west virginia
Topics: immigration;polls and public opinion
Context: Wheeling, W.Va
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Even in California now, they don’t want to be sanctuary cities anymore. They want out." A number of California localities have moved to challenge a statewide sanctuary law. However, public opinion more broadly shows a majority of residents expressing support for the law. We rate the statement .
Statement: COVID literally stands for Chinese Originated Viral Infectious Disease.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 25, 2020
Topics: china;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Until that point, the virus and the infection had been referred to as the "2019 novel coronavirus" or "2019-nCoV." "Having a name matters to prevent the use of other names that can be  or stigmatizing," tweeted Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director-general of the WHO. COVID-19 is an abbreviation of "coronavirus disease 2019," the CDC says . "CO" stands for "corona," "VI" stands for "virus" and "D" stands for "disease." The number 19 reflects the year it was identified — 2019. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Florida ranks "45th out of 50 states'' for its regulatory climate for business.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: May 25, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: corporations;economy;regulation;states
Context: Tampa
Fact-check justification: So if the three separate rankings are more or less equivalent, then Scott's statement is not  -- but it's also not complete. He has cited the least favorable ranking, while two other studies rated Florida substantially higher. If Scott had said, "According to one study, Florida ranks 45th out of 50 states'' for regulatory climate for business, he would have been 100 percent accurate. As it is, his statement is technically correct, but gives an incomplete impression about the extent of Florida's regulatory climate. So we rate it .
Statement: Under Gov. (Rick) Scott's leadership, Florida has had much success in lowering the rate of uninsured children.
Speaker: florida agency for health care administration
About the speaker: The Agency for Health Care Administration the main health policy and planning entity for the state. 
Date: October 25, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The state health care agency said, "Under Gov. Scott’s leadership, Florida has had much success in lowering the rate of uninsured children." The rate of uninsured children has declined dramatically since 2011. But the decline really was in the works since before Scott’s term, in 2009. Also, this  leaves out important context in the report as to why there’s been a decline. The report credits the decline to decades of improvements for children in Medicaid and CHIP that have been in the works long before Scott took office. The report also said that the ACA solidified the state’s gain, which Scott opposed. This statement is partially accurate, but gives too much credit to Scott. We rate this  .
Statement: People in Germany saw this electoral map that shows Trump beating Biden with 410 electoral votes before Dominion's servers were seized.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 8, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post shares an electoral map that shows Trump beating Biden with 410 electoral votes, and says that people in Germany saw these real results before "Dominion’s servers were seized." The map is not legitimate and was aired by a U.S. pro-Trump cable network. There’s also no  of a U.S.-election related raid or server seizure in Germany. We rate this ! This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here for more.
Statement: Obama keeps talking about getting rid of all nuclear weapons. He's already significantly reduced our capabilities there.
Speaker: dick cheney
About the speaker: Dick Cheney served as Vice President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 in the administration of George W. Bush.
Date: July 14, 2015
Topics: nuclear;punditfact
Context: an appearance on "Hannity"
Fact-check justification: Cheney said, "Obama keeps talking about getting rid of all nuclear weapons. He’s already significantly reduced our capabilities there." Since campaigning for office, Obama has frequently mentioned that, in an ideal world, there would be no nuclear weapons. However, Cheney ignores that Obama has consistently acknowledged that this dream may not be achievable in his lifetime, and that the United States won’t give up its nuclear weapon arsenal as long as its enemies possess them. Experts also said Cheney overstates the arms reductions occurring during Obama’s presidency. Reductions are happening under a 2010 treaty with Russia, but the United States is also spending billions on modernizing its arsenal, and it is taking fewer weapons out of service than under any previous president in the post-Cold War age. Cheney’s statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate the  .
Statement: The interest on the debt now is going to approach in the next couple of years ... what we spend in the national defense budget.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: November 7, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;military;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week with Christiane Amanpour"
Fact-check justification: He's a bit too aggressive when he says the interest burden will "approach ... what we spend in the national defense budget" in "the next couple of years." It will probably do so by 2015 or 2016, which would be the final two years of Barack Obama's second term, if he wins one. For a president who just survived his first midterm election, that seems pretty far away. Still, even if Paul's time span is slightly exaggerated, we don't think it's a fatal error, since his point about the trend is accurate. So we rate his statement .
Statement: In the "do-nothing Senate," there are 352 House bills "sitting on Harry Reid's desk awaiting action," including 55 introduced by Democrats.
Speaker: lynn jenkins
About the speaker: Lynn Jenkins is a Republican who represents a Kansas district in the U.S. House of Representatives. She serves as vice chair of the House Republican Conference.
Date: July 29, 2014
Location: national
Topics: congress
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Jenkins said that in the "do-nothing Senate," there are 352 House bills "sitting on Harry Reid’s desk awaiting action," including 55 introduced by Democrats.   In some cases, committee chairs -- not Reid -- may be blocking or moving slowly on these bills. In other cases, senators are working on their own alternative bills on the same topic. Meanwhile, the  oversells the degree of bipartisanship in the House; a majority of the Democratic-sponsored bills she cites are relatively minor pieces of legislation. Ultimately, Jenkins places all the blame on the Democrats and the Senate, but experts agree that it takes two to tango. Both parties and chambers have played a role in creating the current legislative dysfunction. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Says Henry Kissinger said that "once the herd accepts mandatory forcible vaccination, it's game over," and that vaccine makers "stand to make billions … We thin out the herd and the herd pays us for providing extermination services.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 20, 2019
Topics: fake news;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "We have no records of any such speech," Lindmeier wrote PolitiFact in an email. "Please also note that there is no such ‘Council’ as claimed in the statement, respectively a related meme." We also search Kissinger’s website, which lists many of his speeches and interviews , and could not find any portion of the quote.   Kissinger did give a speech to the 45th Munich Security Conference on Feb. 6, 2009, but the discussion did not cover vaccinations. This  quote is !
Statement: The United States has not completed a "top-to-bottom review of our criminal justice system at the national level since 1965.
Speaker: john cornyn
About the speaker: John Cornyn is a U.S. senator from Texas, former Texas attorney general and former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He earlier served as a Bexar County state district judge.
Date: June 11, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: criminal justice
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Cornyn said it had been 65 years since a national commission studied the American criminal justice system and produced recommendations. Experts and academic research show that a commission of that scale, with that broad an area of review, has not been convened since Johnson’s 1965 group. We rate this  .
Statement: The average homeowner spends more than $2,000 each year on energy costs – more than on either real estate taxes or homeowners insurance.
Speaker: johnny isakson
About the speaker: Johnny Isakson, a Republican, is a U.S. senator from Georgia
Date: October 19, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: energy;housing
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: We looked at census data, which is based on calculations from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. For 2008, it was $791, just as IMT said.    Isakson was right. On average, the amount of money a homeowner pays for energy bills is higher than property taxes or homeowners insurance. He earns a .
Statement: I have watched ICE liberate towns from the grasp of MS-13.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 30, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security;crime
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted, "I have watched ICE liberate towns from the grasp of MS-13." Neither ICE nor the White House identified towns that had been under MS-13 rule and were then liberated by ICE. Experts said the gang targets niches or immigrant communities within larger jurisdictions, and did not have entire towns within its violent grasp. Raids by law enforcement temporarily improve the safety of communities, but usually do not act as permanent solutions because the underlying circumstances of gang violence remain. With no  to support it, Trump’s statement rates .
Statement: A little-known unit of the Department of Justice, the Community Relations Service, was deployed to Sanford, FL, following the Trayvon Martin shooting to help organize and manage rallies and protests against George Zimmerman.
Speaker: judicial watch
About the speaker: Judicial Watch is a conservative group that litigates on public corruption and other issues.
Date: July 10, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Armed with public documents, Judicial Watch said the Department of Justice sent the Community Relations Service to Sanford in the wake of Martin’s death "to help organize and manage rallies and protests against George Zimmerman." Judicial Watch’s statement contends an element of : Justice Department employees were sent to Sanford, in part to deal with community uprising, including protests. But they were sent with the idea of keeping the situation peaceful and calm, not to instigate or condone protests or violence. That’s a critical distinction being ignored in this particular . We rate it .\ CORRECTION: An earlier version of this fact-check wrongly attributed the misspelling of "foment" to Judicial Watch. That was our , not theirs.
Statement: The stories from women saying he groped or forced himself on them "largely have been debunked.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 19, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;history;human rights;crime;women
Context: the third 2016 presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said that the stories of him groping or forcing himself on women "have been largely debunked." His campaign offered no  of that. We found that five of the nine stories have not been independently disputed. Of the remaining four stories, the women told friends, family or colleagues at the time, which provides some support. On the flip side, there is the account of Trump’s former butler and a man who acknowledges that he has no proof of his version of events. While some of the women’s stories have been questioned, not one has been conclusively debunked, and the majority of the stories haven’t been challenged by any facts other than Trump’s denials. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/fa622a1b-1c53-4b62-b3ec-629c8a468bc5
Statement: Agriculture contributes $71 billion to Georgia's economy annually, making it the state's largest industry.
Speaker: georgia farm bureau
About the speaker: The Georgia Farm Bureau is an independent agricultural organization.
Date: January 8, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: agriculture;economy;state budget
Context: a statement on the Georgia Farm Bureau website
Fact-check justification: In this study, making ag’s slice smaller or larger doesn’t make the pie any bigger. Agriculture is the largest single component in the state economy. But it requires another type of study to know its actual economic impact. The Georgia Farm Bureau statement is accurate, but needs some additional context to fully understood. We rate the  .
Statement: As many as a quarter of our students aren't even finishing high school.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 25, 2011
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: the State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: Since parents paying tuition are likely to be especially motivated to see their children finish school, the  national dropout rate reported probably overstates the actual percentage of American children failing to graduate from high school. We ended up rating Duncan’s comment , noting that while we understood the need for simplicity in a televised interview, Duncan could have easily said the dropout rate "may be as high as 25 percent." In fact, Obama in his State of the Union address did essentially that, prefacing the statistic by saying that "as many as a quarter of our students aren’t even finishing high school." We still think the 25 percent statistic is undermined by a variety of problems, but we give Obama credit for offering a range. So we find his  .
Statement: When Carly Fiorina says Hewlett-Packard "revenues went up, that's because she bought Compaq. It was a terrible deal.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 16, 2015
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;technology
Context: the second GOP primary debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "When Carly says the revenues went up, that's because she bought Compaq. It was a terrible deal, and it really led to the destruction of the company." Though the HP-Compaq merger was almost universally condemned at the time the deal took place, time has made the merger look better in the minds of some. But there’s no question that the growth in HP’s revenue did indeed come from its 2002 merger with Compaq. That means it’s not organic growth, but rather merely due to increase in the volume of the combined company. We rate this  .