chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Fully inflating tires is "a step that every expert says would absolutely reduce our oil consumption by 3 to 4 percent.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 5, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Berea, Ohio
Fact-check justification: Also, commercial vehicles have less of a problem with under-inflation, because truckers check their tire pressure religiously to minimize fuel consumption. So they would further drag down the average savings from correcting tire pressure. Obama's prior  on this subject was safely couched in generalities and possibilities. But this time he veered into certainties and absolutes -- "every expert," "would absolutely" -- put an exact number on fuel savings, and linked it to overall oil consumption in a way that did not stand up to scrutiny. We find his  to be .
Statement: Regarding the surgery that saved Jimmy Kimmel's son, "Medicaid has stopped providing this kind of service.
Speaker: margaret hoover
About the speaker: Margaret Hoover is a CNN commentator.
Date: May 2, 2017
Topics: children;health care;punditfact
Context: a discussion on CNN
Fact-check justification: Hoover said that, regarding the surgery that saved Kimmel’s son, "Medicaid has stopped providing this kind of service." That’s  -- Medicaid does cover this kind of service, and indeed, the federal-state program is a key source of reimbursement for children’s hospitals. Hoover quickly acknowledged that she was  and tweeted a correction. We rate Hoover’s original  .
Statement: The NRA is "one of the biggest lobbyists here in the capital. They spend a ton of money during elections. …  they spent more than a million dollars here in Wisconsin on the 2018 elections. Most of that was for Walker, or more specifically against Evers.
Speaker: matthew rothschild
About the speaker: Matt Rothschild is the executive director of the Wisconsin Democracy Campaign. Prior to joining the Democracy Campaign at the start of 2015, Rothschild worked at The Progressive magazine for 32 years. For most of those, he was the editor and publisher of The Progressive.
 
 
 
 
Date: January 3, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;guns
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: … They spent more than a million dollars here in Wisconsin on the 2018 elections. Most of that was for Walker, or more specifically against Evers." Our review of the numbers found a mixed bag. Rothschild overshot on how the NRA stacks up against other groups in Wisconsin, but he accurately described its spending in the most recent election. For a statement that is partially accurate, our rating is .
Statement: Says Patrick Murphy "never worked as a CPA" and was "never a small business owner.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: September 7, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: The NRSC ad says Murphy "never worked as a CPA" and was "never a small business owner." Murphy did work as a CPA, albeit for only several months. He first worked as an audit assistant, and then got licensed through the state of Colorado. Murphy has been an owner of Coastal Environmental Services. The firm only did work in the Gulf for a few months in 2010 and has since been dormant. Since it is a private business, we lack some information about it such as whether he put up any money to finance the business. He was a co-owner along with his father. In both cases, the word "never" is too extreme to characterize Murphy’s work experience. However, in both cases we are talking about Murphy working for brief periods of time. Murphy may be overselling his resume, but the ad also  when it says "never." We rate this  .
Statement: 200,000 students attempt suicide every year on college campuses.
Speaker: marjorie sanfilippo
About the speaker: Marjorie Sanfilippo teaches psychology at Eckerd College in St. Petersburg, Fla., and has done research on youth gun violence.
Date: February 16, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: education;health care;public health;guns
Context: a Florida Senate criminal justice committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Sanfilippo said "200,000 students attempt suicide every year on college campuses." That statistic is extrapolated from the American College Health Association’s most recent annual survey, which found that 1.2 percent of college and university students had attempted suicide within the past year. There are approximately 20 million students overall, which translates to about 200,000 suicide attempts. But the study’s author says there are two important caveats: their data is self-reported and the schools self-select to participate. In addition, a different type of survey conducted by the CDC -- one that looked at emergency data -- found a lower rate of suicide in similar age groups, but experts said that’s to be expected because emergency data doesn’t capture attempts that don’t lead to a hospital visit. On balance, we rate it .
Statement: Nearly every state that has legalized (marijuana) has also legislated that you lose your right to own a gun if you are prescribed, or buy it recreationally.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 14, 2019
Topics: facebook fact-checks;marijuana;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post says that nearly every state that has legalized marijuana has also legislated that people who use cannabis lose their right to own a gun.  We didn’t find  to support this .  While federal law prohibits marijuana users from owning a firearm, states are not legalizing cannabis and then passing legislation that requires marijuana users to forfeit their gun rights.  We rate this Facebook post as .
Statement: Says Russian President Vladimir Putin got a standing ovation from the Duma after he gave a speech saying Muslims are "taking over" other countries but won't take over Russia.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: December 5, 2017
Topics: immigration;islam;punditfact
Context: a chain email
Fact-check justification: We must create the conditions for immigrants to normally integrate into our society, learn Russian and, of course, respect our culture and traditions and abide by Russian law. In this regard, I believe that the decision to make learning the Russian language compulsory and administer exams is well grounded," said Putin in the speech to the Board of Federal Migration Service. We failed to find any other of Putin’s public remarks that matched up with the chain email.   Email chains can be , but this  speech did not happen, nor did the five-minute standing ovation. We rate it as .
Statement: After Joe Biden became vice president, at the behest of his father, he gave his uncle, Frank H. Biden, a Purple Heart for serving in the U.S. military during World War II.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: December 16, 2022
Topics: candidate biography;military
Context: a town hall for U.S. veterans
Fact-check justification: Although it’s possible Frank H. Biden refused the award, it couldn't have happened after Biden was elected vice president in 2008. Biden's uncle died in 1999, almost a decade before Biden was elected vice president. And Biden's father — another prominent person in Biden's story — died in 2002.   It’s possible that such an event occurred under different circumstances while Biden was serving in the U.S. Senate, but PolitiFact found no  to corroborate the  as described by Biden. We rate Biden’s  .
Statement: A "substantial number" of probationers participating in a pilot project to ease the farm labor shortage are able to "finish the work.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: June 16, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Participation rates of potentially eligible probationers is so low that it’s premature, and even bit , to say that "substantial" numbers of probationers have finished the work. "Substantial" numbers of probationers have yet to even participate in the program.      Deal was . But we’ll be generous and give him some credit for the fact that half of the pilot’s 14 participants returned to the fields for more backbreaking labor.    Deal earns a .
Statement: Minnesota's "advantage" in economic growth has been having "Republicans in charge of at least one part of government" for all but two years, while Wisconsin Democrats "for many years" before 2011 controlled both legislative chambers and the governorship.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: April 23, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;history
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Walker said Minnesota’s "advantage" has been having "Republicans in charge of at least one part of government" for all but two years, while Wisconsin Democrats "for many years" controlled both legislative chambers and the governorship before 2011. In making the comparison, though, he overstates how long the Democrats had total control in Wisconsin. It was for a two-year period, before he took office and Republicans won complete control. The Republicans have had that status more than twice as long as the "many years" Walker said Democrats did. We rate the  .
Statement: To use money from the TARP fund in the manner that is being discussed by the White House and congressional Democrats would be a violation of the law.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: December 8, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget;stimulus
Context: a speech on the House floor
Fact-check justification: But our question is whether Congress can legally pull off what President Obama has proposed. Pence is correct that there is a provision in TARP that prohibits the government from directly spending TARP funds on some of the programs Obama outlined. But even conservative budget analysts say there are legislative ways for that money to be legally recycled back into federal coffers and then applied to economic stimulus projects. And so we rate Pence's statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/8678f709-274e-47fc-a449-86cb41553c86
Statement: 1,000,000 Ukraine soldiers wiped out
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 25, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a video on Facebook
Fact-check justification: United States and European officials have estimated that as many as 120,000 Ukrainian soldiers have been killed or injured since the invasion started in February 2022, The Washington Post reported in March. Reuters reported in April that leaked documents allegedly from U.S. intelligence agencies estimated as many as 354,000 Ukrainian and Russian soldiers have died or been injured in the war. Reuters has not been able to independently verify the documents, and U.S. officials said some files appeared to be altered. The Facebook video’s  that 1 million Ukrainian soldiers have been "wiped out" is much higher than any official reported estimates. So we rate this  .
Statement: Says Rick Scott "stripped women of access to public health care.
Speaker: rick scott's starbucks heckler
About the speaker: The woman who confronted Gov. Rick Scott at a downtown Gainesville, Fla., Starbucks has been identified as Cara Jennings, a former resident and city commissioner of Lake Worth and community activist. 
Date: April 5, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: abortion
Context: a confrontation with Rick Scott at Starbucks
Fact-check justification: The Starbucks activist said Scott "stripped women of access to public health care." Scott signed a law this year that cuts off state funding for any clinic that provides abortions, including Planned Parenthood. We heard estimates that it will cut anywhere from $114,000 to $500,000 for Planned Parenthood, which provides other health services to low-income women. It’s possible to wrongly assume from Jennings’ statement that Scott slashed women’s health care services broadly across the state. The cut targets abortion clinics, so it isn’t a cut for health care offices that don’t provide the procedure, such as county health departments. There is some  to the statement, but it’s too soon to tell exactly how the law will curtail women’s access to publicly supported health care. We rate this  .
Statement: During the (Benghazi) attack, a stand-down order was given, and our troops were told to change their clothes four times.
Speaker: sean hannity
About the speaker: Sean Hannity is a conservative political commentator and hosts a nationally syndicated radio show, as well as two television shows on the Fox News Channel. In a 2013 interview Hannity said that he is a “registered Conservative” and ”not a Republican, though people often mistake me for one.” Hannity has authored three books.
Date: June 28, 2016
Location: national
Topics: history;foreign policy;military;pundits;terrorism
Context: comments on his Fox News program
Fact-check justification: Hannity said, "During the (Benghazi) attack, a stand-down order was given, and our troops were told to change their clothes four times." Hannity is mashing up two different incidents. There was no order to give up on the rescue effort altogether; rather, security personnel held their position about a mile away for 23 minutes as they gathered equipment and attempted to make contact with personnel on the ground. Separately, several hours later and in Spain, Marines did get in and out of uniform over a period of three hours as officials debated how they should respond. The delay occurred after the surviving Americans and those who had been killed already had been evacuated to Tripoli. Because the statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/8e1f49fc-15c1-4e74-8c4e-2b4471ba85c7
Statement: We were one of the first states in the U.S. to build sewers, to bring the treatment plant on line.
Speaker: jamie samons
About the speaker: Jamie Samons is public affairs manager for the Narragansett Bay Commission, the quasi-public agency that runs Rhode Island's biggest sewage treatment system.
Date: November 17, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: environment
Context: a Providence Journal story
Fact-check justification: We should mention that in later years Providence’s sewage treatment became a disgrace. By the 1970s, the deteriorating plant was spewing nearly 65 million gallons of untreated or partially treated sewage each day into Rhode Island’s waters. But in 1980, voters approved an $87.7-million bond issue for improvements, the Narragansett Bay Commission was formed, and by 1995 the Environmental Protection Agency was naming the treatment plant best of its size in the nation. So next time World Toilet Day comes around, don't just sit there. Stand up and cheer.
Statement: Mitt Romney's companies were pioneers in outsourcing U.S. jobs to low-wage countries.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 3, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;economy
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: The Obama television ad holds Romney responsible for sending jobs outside the country. It said "Romney’s companies were pioneers in outsourcing U.S. jobs to low-wage countries." We find reasonable grounds for labeling the companies as "Romney’s." He was the founder of Bain and assembled a team that looked to make high returns. One strategy was to invest in companies that played off the trend in outsourcing. We make no judgment on whether outsourcing is good or bad. It was widely seen as profitable, and Bain selected companies that would succeed. If picking a company makes it yours, then these were Romney’s companies and in a general sense, they did what he expected them to do. The one caveat is there is a gray area of direct accountability, because no one has reported that he was personally involved in managing those firms. We find little  that the particular firms were "pioneers in outsourcing." The Obama campaign took the word from the Washington Post but used it as its own. Outsourcing was well established by the early 1990s, and firms were applying it in a variety of industrial areas. The Bain companies were among that group. The Obama campaign's statement would have voters believe that Romney played a key role in driving the outsourcing phenomenon. We find that an exaggeration. We rule the statement to be .
Statement: Says Tony Evers wants to give in-state tuition and drivers licenses to "illegal aliens.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: October 23, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration;education;jobs;legal issues
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: There is a wrinkle though, in that those with DACA status have met certain criteria to be recognized by the government and, as such, would not face immediate deportation. That said, by definition they are not in the country legally. Their DACA status delays official action against them, but it doesn’t change the lack of legal status. So the statement is accurate, but it requires some clarification and detail on DACA status. That’s our definition of .
Statement: Says Sean Penn's trip to Ukraine in November is evidence the war is staged.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 28, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Armed conflict in Ukraine "first erupted in early 2014 and quickly transitioned to a long stalemate, with regular shelling and skirmishes occurring along the front line that separates Russian- and Ukrainian-controlled border regions in the east," according to the Council on Foreign Relations.   In October 2021, before Penn made his November appearance in Ukraine, "Russia began moving troops and military equipment near its border with Ukraine, reigniting concerns over a potential invasion," the council said. "Commercial satellite imagery, social media posts, and publicly released intelligence from November and December 2021 showed armor, missiles, and other heavy weaponry moving toward Ukraine with no official explanation. By December, more than one hundred thousands Russian troops were in place near the Russia-Ukraine border and U.S. intelligence officials warned that Russia may be planning an invasion for early 2022. "  We rate this post .
Statement: The southern U.S. border "is now open to anyone from anywhere in the world who wishes to enter our country.
Speaker: jeanine pirro
About the speaker: Jeanine Pirro joined the Fox News Channel in 2006 and currently serves as a legal analyst as well as the host of "Justice with Judge Jeanine." She unsuccessfully ran for attorney general in New York in 2006 as a Republican.
Date: March 20, 2021
Topics: immigration;crime;pundits;punditfact
Context: a TV segment
Fact-check justification: Pirro said the southern U.S. border "is now open to anyone from anywhere in the world who wishes to enter our country." That’s . Large numbers of migrants are attempting to cross the border, but it is not open to anyone who wants to enter the U.S., regardless of their background. Most of the encounters that CBP recorded at the border in February resulted in quick expulsions under the same public health-related authority that was invoked under the Trump administration. We rate this statement .