chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Some of the colleges, including A&M, have already guaranteed that they will not increase their tuition.
Speaker: jimmie don aycock
About the speaker: Jimmie Don Aycock is a Texas House member from Killeen.
Date: March 31, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: remarks on the floor of the Texas House
Fact-check justification: But 20 percent of students at the system’s flagship campus may have to pay higher tuition, and all A&M students could face mandatory fee increases. Outside the A&M family, we found no  of tuition freezes — instead we found impending tuition hikes. We rate Aycock’s statement . Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: New and proposed state laws on voting mean "if you are going to be standing in that line for all those hours, you can't have any water or any food.
Speaker: kamala harris
About the speaker: Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States. Harris was elected as a senator from California in 2016. She previously was California’s attorney general from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 until 2011, she was the district attorney of San Francisco. Harris received a bachelor’s degree in political science and economics from Howard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in December. On Aug. 11, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden named Harris as his running mate.
Date: July 9, 2021
Location: georgia
Topics: elections;florida;new york
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Harris said new or proposed state laws on voting mean "if you are going to be standing in that line for hours, you can’t have any water or any food."  This is an exaggeration. People voting in line can still eat or drink. In some places, they may have to bring their own food and water.  What Harris is talking about are laws aimed at stopping organized food and water giveaways. Georgia passed a law this year that bans handing out food and water to voters in line. Montana passed a law in 2015 that bans candidates or people on their behalf from distributing food and water to voters in line. A law that passed in Florida this year bans engaging in any activity to influence a voter, but it doesn’t specifically mention handing out food or water. It’s important to note that these laws are rare. And, they don’t literally ban eating or drinking in line; rather, they ban organized giveaways that violate anti-electioneering rules spelled out in state law. We rate this statement . RELATED: The facts about Georgia’s ban on food, water giveaways to voters RELATED: Kamala Harris on the -O-Meter PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this fact-check.
Statement: The United States does "not have a system through which growers and dairies can bring a workforce legally into the U.S.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: January 30, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: agriculture;immigration;workers
Context: a blog post on RedState.com
Fact-check justification: Rubio said the United States does "not have a system through which growers and dairies can bring a workforce legally into the U.S." There actually is a system for growers to legally hire foreign workers, so Rubio is  on this basic point. However, many farmers have complained that the visa program is inadequate, cumbersome and in dire need of a makeover. Also, the H-2A visa program is only for temporary seasonal labor. Rubio specifically mentioned dairies, and that is a type of farm that needs year-round workers. We rate his  .
Statement: In 1986, the founder of the Times Square Church prophesied that he saw "a plague coming on the world and the bars and church and government will shut down," with New York City especially hard hit.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 3, 2020
Topics: religion;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: on social media
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post from the Jerusalem Prayer team says Wilkerson warned Evans of a plague striking New York City, shutting down bars and restaurants and forcing people to shelter in their homes.  There is no  that Wilkerson said this, and his own church denies any instance of him saying this in a book or sermon. We rate the statement .
Statement: PELOSI says if President TRUMP wins, she will resign!!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 30, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "   But this is not a real news story, and Pelosi didn’t make such a promise.   On Aug. 23, Pelosi said in a CNN interview that "of course" she would accept the election results as legitimate if Trump is re-elected in November. Drew Hammill, Pelosi’s deputy chief of staff, also told Reuters that Pelosi didn’t say she would resign if Trump’s re-elected. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Spending increases, not tax cuts, are the major cause of the federal budget deficit.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: July 28, 2008
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: an interview on CNN's <i> Larry King Live </i>
Fact-check justification: The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities analysis found that most of the spending increase didn't come from the earmarks or domestic programs that McCain complains about. It was defense and homeland security. Until the rebates temporarily changed the equation, spending increases did cause the majority of the deficit. But tax cuts aren't blameless, either. We find McCain's  to be .
Statement: U.S. military at the White House arresting Congress.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 28, 2021
Topics: congress;military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The headline of an article widely shared on Facebook claimed: "U.S. military at the White House arresting Congress." There is no  to support what is a  and  . We rate it !
Statement: Every dollar spent in the new Obamacare system ... goes to private-sector insurance companies.
Speaker: chris matthews
About the speaker: Chris Matthews is the host of the MSNBC show Hardball. Previously, Matthews served on the staffs of congressional Democrats and worked as a speechwriter for President Jimmy Carter. He also worked as chief of staff to former House Speaker Tip O'Neil.
Date: December 16, 2013
Topics: health care;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "Hardball"
Fact-check justification: Mathews said every dollar in the "new Obamacare system" goes to insurance companies. The use of "every" gets Matthews in trouble here. About half of the Affordable Care Act flows through marketplaces where private insurance companies sell policies. But the other half runs through the government’s Medicaid program. That expansion costs about the same as the subsidies offered through the marketplaces and at least in the near term, touches even more people. Matthews was drawing a contrast with government-owned health care systems and focused on the part of the Affordable Care Act that has dominated the news. But when he said "every dollar," he went too far. We rate the  .
Statement: Education Week says Obama 'hasn't made a significant mark on education,' is 'elusive' on accountability, and a 'staunch defender of the existing public school monopoly.'
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: September 9, 2008
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: That brief quote does accurately capture the substance of Chapman's piece, which criticizes Obama for not embracing school vouchers. The ad gives the idea that Education Week doesn't think much of Obama's education policy, and some casual listeners would think all three quotes were from the publication, which is not the case. In fact, two of them come from opinion pieces, a fact that should be made clear so viewers can decide for themselves how to judge them. Only one of the statements accurately captures the sentiments of the article it's taken from. For all of these problems, we rate this statement .
Statement: There is no evidence that poor people abuse drugs more frequently than any other socio-economic group.
Speaker: joseph "joe" deshotel
About the speaker: Joe Deshotel, a Texas House member since 1999, practices law in Beaumont.
Date: November 13, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: drugs;poverty;marijuana
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Deshotel said there is "no  that poor people abuse drugs more frequently than any other socio-economic group." We agree with PolitiFact Florida that it's difficult to make broad generalizations about whole groups of people. And it's even more difficult to definitively measure drug use. Some research indicates drug abuse among the poor and those who are not poor is consistent. However, there also are studies showing a higher prevalence of drug use among some welfare recipients. So,  is debated. Still, the idea that there is no  that low-income people use drugs more frequently does not hold up. As Pollack told us, that's an oversimplification. We rate this absolute  as .
Statement: Two days of interest we pay to China is enough to buy one joint strike fighter [jet].
Speaker: tom graves
About the speaker: Tom Graves represents Georgia's 9th Congressional District.
Date: September 1, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: So if we take two days of interest payments, which we believe adds up to about $150 million, that total does eclipse the highest estimate for a F-35 jet, $112 million. Graves’ office estimates the total cost per jet at about $132 million, using a July report from the Congressional Research Service. It used the PolitiFact Virginia report to determine the average daily debt payment to China. We believe Graves has a good argument to base his . We rate it as .
Statement: Up until recently, 75 percent of all the sorties that left the base came back without dropping their ordnances, because there was such a concern about making sure that there were no civilian casualties.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: December 6, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: foreign policy;military;terrorism
Context: an interview on 'This Week'
Fact-check justification: Bush said, "Up until recently, 75 percent of all the sorties that left the base came back without dropping their ordnances, because there was such a concern about making sure that there were no civilian casualties." That 75-percent rate was accurate until this summer, when sorties against the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria saw an uptick, so Bush is right to qualify his statement. Experts said the Obama administration did want to avoid civilian casualties, but fighting an unconventional force like ISIS has made airstrikes more difficult than in previous conflicts. Analysts also noted that even at a low rate, citing weapons use as an indicator of achieving strategic goals does not necessarily signify success the way Bush implies. We rate his statement .
Statement: Medicaid expansion isn't necessarily a very popular issue on the street.
Speaker: steve crisafulli
About the speaker: Steve Crisafulli, R-Merritt Island, is Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives for 2014-16.
Date: April 17, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: medicaid
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Crisafulli said, "Medicaid expansion isn’t necessarily a very popular issue on the street." He was speaking broadly about how constituents don’t want the expansion. Several polls give the edge to a majority of Floridians favoring the expansion, although results vary depending on how the questions are worded. A recent conservative poll found that Republicans don’t like the expansion by a wide margin. Taken together, those numbers present a more nuanced picture than what Crisafulli suggested. We rate the statement .
Statement: In certain swing states, there were more votes than people who voted, and in big numbers.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 22, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: national;nevada;elections;wisconsin;pennsylvania;michigan;arizona
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said that in key swing states, there were more votes than people voting, "in big numbers." There is zero proof. If he meant there were more votes cast than registered voters, election data show the opposite. In the six key states we examined, there were between several hundred thousand and 2 million more registered voters than votes cast. If he meant that there was a lot of double voting, his lawyers have provided no  to back that up. States use careful systems to prevent that from taking place. We rate this  !
Statement: We have over 300 state agencies. Forty-five of those agencies are related to health care.
Speaker: kay bailey hutchison
About the speaker: Kay Bailey Hutchison, initially elected to the U.S. Senate in 1993, did not seek re-election in 2012. She ran for governor in 2010, losing the Republican nomination to incumbent Rick Perry.
Date: January 14, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: health care
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: A council spokeswoman told us that those three entities amount to one state agency.   Except for a section of the state ethics code relating to financial disclosure by public officials, it's difficult to find a strict definition or criteria for what constitutes a state agency in Texas. We decided to take the state's word for how many health-related government agencies it has: 15, including the five health and human services agencies traditionally associated with health care. Hutchison's list — ranging from the sprawling HHSC to itty-bitties like the Chronic Kidney Disease Task Force — shapes up as overly long. We rule her  .
Statement: Says Nikki Haley "white-washed" her name because she thought it "would give her a better chance than the name Nimrata Randhawa.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 2, 2021
Topics: corrections and updates;race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In 2010, the New York Times reported that Haley was "always called Nikki, which means ‘little one,’ by her family." Haley’s 1989 high school yearbook identifies her as "Nimarata Nikki Randhawa ." (The spelling of Haley’s first name has sometimes appeared as "Nimarata.") And a 1984 news article from a local newspaper in South Carolina, where Haley grew up, reported that "Nikki Randhawa" would be playing the role of "Scarlet" in a community theater production of "L’il Abner." We rate the  that Haley "white-washed" her name to get ahead !
Statement: Says a photo ID voting law in Georgia didn't dissuade black voters from participating in voting. "It hasn't, it doesn't, and apparently, if you do cause and effect in that state, it's been helpful.
Speaker: william g. batchelder
About the speaker: William G. Batchelder is speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives. He represents the 69th House District, which encompasses most of Medina County.
Date: March 23, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: elections
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: "It doesn't affect minorities disproportionately -- they were impacted the same or slightly less than whites by the law," said Hood in a phone interview. "From my observation and from my research, it's sort of a been a wash." Speaker Batchelder was correct when he said voting increased in Georgia after its photo ID law took effect. Suggesting that the restriction caused the increase is a logical fallacy that ignores important other factors and is unsupported by research. We rate his statement .
Statement: Idaho Republican Rep. Mike Simpson is a "liberal" who voted with Nancy Pelosi to "fund sex study programs of San Francisco prostitutes" and "to regulate the sale of firearms.
Speaker: madison action fund
About the speaker: Madison Action Fund is a Super PAC " run by conservatives for conservatives," according to it's bio. The group promotes free markets and liberty causes, and uses its funding to support candidates through television and radio ads and get-out-the-vote efforts.
Date: April 30, 2014
Location: national
Topics: congress;negative campaigning;science;sexuality;guns
Context: Idaho
Fact-check justification: The ad cherry picks a handful of votes to create the impression that Simpson and Pelosi are in ideological lockstep. But the votes chosen are old, cherry-picked and deeply . Suggesting any substantial alliance between Simpson and Pelosi is . We rate the  !
Statement: Wisconsin is a Top 10 state for health care coverage.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: May 30, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Two other companies that compile rankings on various subjects also examined healthcare:  SmartAsset combined metrics to rank Wisconsin sixth, while  Wallethub’s data compilation landed Wisconsin 23rd. Walker said Wisconsin is a Top 10 state for health care coverage. The latest raw data on percentage covered shows 95% of Wisconsin residents have health insurance, which is tied for sixth-best in the country. Two other prominent national rankings list Wisconsin eighth and 11th in combined metrics that examine coverage and healthcare access. We rate Walker’s  .
Statement: Kendrick Meek claims he's the only candidate who said Sonia Sotomayor "will make an excellent Supreme Court justice.
Speaker: kendrick meek
About the speaker: Kendrick Meek is a former U.S. Representative for Congressional District 17 in Miami, serving from 2003 to 2011. He campaigned for the U.S. Senate and was defeated on Nov. 2, 2010.
Date: August 24, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;supreme court
Context: his primary victory speech
Fact-check justification: But we couldn't find statements on Sotomayor from any of the minor or no-party candidates. None of those candidates has received more than 5 percent in any recent statewide poll. In his primary victory speech, Meek said that he is the only candidate who publicly supported Sonia Sotomayor's nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court. Compared to Crist and Rubio, the two other major candidates, Meek is right. We rate his statement .
Statement: In two years, Gov. McAuliffe has vetoed more bills that the previous three governors issued in each of their four-year terms.
Speaker: kirk cox
About the speaker: Del. Kirk Cox, R-Colonial Heights, is the majority leader of Virginia's House of Delegates. He was first elected to the House in 1989.
Cox is a retired government teacher in Chesterfield County public schools.
 
Date: April 20, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: voting record
Context: a floor speech
Fact-check justification: Cox said, "In two years, Gov. McAuliffe has vetoed more bills than the previous three governors issued in each of their four-year terms." The record bears him out. We rate his statement .
Statement: Pakistan has 100 nuclear warheads and they're rushing to build a lot more. They'll have more than Great Britain sometime in the relatively near future.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 22, 2012
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;nuclear
Context: Boca Raton, Fla
Fact-check justification: Romney said, "Pakistan has 100 nuclear warheads and they’re rushing to build a lot more. They’ll have more than Great Britain sometime in the relatively near future." While there is an enormous amount of uncertainty about how fast Pakistan will expand its nuclear arsenal, experts tell us that there’s a plausible path for Pakistan’s total to match the U.K.’s in roughly a decade. So we rate Romney’s  .