chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In South Dakota, I'm putting prayer back in our schools.
Speaker: kristi noem
About the speaker: Governor Kristi Noem is a wife, a mother, and a lifelong rancher, farmer and small business owner.
In 2010, after serving in the South Dakota legislature for several years, Noem was elected to serve as South Dakota's lone member of the U.S. House of Representatives. During her time in Congress, in addition to many other successes, Governor Noem helped pass the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which put $2,400 back in the pockets of the average South Dakota family.
In 2018, with the platform of protecting South Dakotans against tax increases, government growth, federal intrusion, and government secrecy, she was elected as South Dakota's first-ever female Governor.
Date: July 16, 2021
Location: iowa
Topics: civil rights;education;religion
Context: an Iowa event
Fact-check justification: Some Christian groups advocate for  prayer spaces  in schools, where students voluntarily can visit or teachers can hold lessons, but the specifics of how Noem would plan to put prayer in the schools are not clear.    Our ruling  Though Noem’s statement could be interpreted as sharing her agenda in the next legislative session, telling a crowd of Christians that "I’m putting prayer back in our schools" is . No specific policy exists, nor does any specific proposal or a timeline for producing one.   That could change if Noem produces a proposal, the Legislature approves it, and it passes muster in court. Until then, however, we rate this  to be .
Statement: Solar companies "have to give solar panels away for completely no net cost.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 22, 2023
Topics: climate change;energy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: RELATED: US versus China: Which nation is doing more to address climate change? RELATED: Facebook post falsely claims feds are subsidizing solar panel installation RELATED: Reality check: Biden’s renewable energy plan RELATED: What role does natural gas play in a ‘clean energy’ future? Separating spin from science in TV ads
Statement: Wisconsin is "guaranteeing Foxconn almost $3 billion, but Foxconn is not contractually guaranteeing how many full-time employees it will hire, for how long and at what pay.
Speaker: andy gronik
About the speaker: Democrat Andy Gronik, a businessman who lives in the Milwaukee suburb of Fox Point, announced in July 2017 that he would run for governor of Wisconsin in 2018 in his first run for public office. He dropped out of the race on June 21, 2018.
Date: September 5, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: corporations;economy;jobs;taxes
Context: the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Fact-check justification: The payments would be less, if Foxconn doesn’t meet those targets. It’s  that Foxconn is not guaranteeing how many people it will hire, for how long and at what pay. That means it’s theoretically possible the company could earn up to $1.35 billion in investment incentives but not employ anyone, if it built the facility but never operated it. But the other $1.5 billion would be paid, on a graduated basis, only as people are employed at the plant. For a statement that is partially accurate, our rating is .
Statement: The Obama administration offered "$900 million to Hamas, a recognized terrorist organization, to rebuild Gaza.
Speaker: republican national committee
About the speaker: The Republican National Committee is the national arm of the Republican Party.
Date: July 7, 2009
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;terrorism
Context: a GOP survey
Fact-check justification: We also note that only $300 million of the $900 million is even going to Gaza, for humanitarian aid. And the money is specifically not to be used for reconstruction. It is limited to humanitarian aid — food, medicine, that kind of thing. So the GOP is  on that point too. We rule the RNC's Hamas  to be .
Statement: Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson called former President George W. Bush and former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld as "war criminals in a legal filing.
Speaker: john cornyn
About the speaker: John Cornyn is a U.S. senator from Texas, former Texas attorney general and former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He earlier served as a Bexar County state district judge.
Date: March 22, 2022
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;legal issues;supreme court;terrorism;texas
Context: a Senate judiciary committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Cornyn claimed Jackson referred to former President George W. Bush and former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld as "war criminals in a legal filing."  Jackson co-filed habeas petitions that alleged Bush and Rumsfeld had mistreated and tortured Guantanamo Bay detainees in ways that "constitute war crimes." But the filings did not call either man a "war criminal."  Experts said that, as a defense lawyer, Jackson was obligated to raise all possible defenses on behalf of her clients. In addition, they said it is unfair to  that arguments a lawyer has made on behalf of a client are equivalent to that lawyer making direct accusations of criminality.  Cornyn’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details and context. We rate it . RELATED: Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is especially lawless. Could Putin be tried for war crimes? RELATED: Tenn. Sen. Marsha Blackburn  about Ketanji Brown Jackson and critical race theory RELATED: Josh Hawley misleads on Judge Jackson and child pornography sentencing CORRECTION :  We updated the story with the correct affiliation of legal expert Leila Sadat.
Statement: Matt Gaetz has had numerous DUIs and his dad got him off each time. He was part of a company that had to pay 75 million in hospice fraud. They stole from dying people.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 27, 2019
Topics: candidate biography;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said, "Matt Gaetz has had numerous DUIs and his dad got him off each time. He was part of a company that had to pay 75 million in hospice fraud. They stole from dying people." This post is . Gaetz had one DUI arrest in 2008, and the case was dropped. The post also includes a sloppy reference to a hospice company that Matt Gaetz’s father, Don Gaetz, previously owned. Don Gaetz sold Vitas in 2004. In 2013, the federal government announced a lawsuit that resulted in a $75 million settlement in 2017. The case did not name either Matt or Don Gaetz as a defendant. We rate this  .
Statement: Ron Howard wrote a Facebook post about being a liberal.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 26, 2020
Topics: pop culture;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Talk about some brass balls," she said.     Her Facebook bio as of May 26? "Ron Howard didn’t write it. I did. "  We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: For four years, I was a full professor at the University of Pennsylvania.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: April 14, 2022
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: candidate biography;education
Context: a speech at North Carolina A&T State University
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "For four years, I was a full professor at the University of Pennsylvania." Biden served as a "professor of the practice" at the University of Pennsylvania. However, the duration of his position was closer to two years, since he was on unpaid leave while running for president. His duties of his particular professorship did not include the same degree of teaching, research, and administrative responsibilities that some would associate with someone holding a position as "full professor." We rate the statement .
Statement: Since 9/11, right-wing extremists (incl anti-abortion, anti-gov) have killed more Americans than Islamic extremists.
Speaker: sally kohn
About the speaker: Sally Kohn is a liberal columnist and TV pundit based in Brooklyn, N.Y. Kohn is a contributor for CNN and writes columns for the Daily Beast. She also works as a communications consultant and has been active in social justice organizations.
Date: January 7, 2015
Topics: islam;terrorism;punditfact
Context: a tweet on Twitter
Fact-check justification: Kohn said that since 9/11, right-wing extremists have killed more Americans than Islamic extremists. She drew that from a database created by the New America Foundation which found 26 victims of jihadists compared to 39 of right-wing zealots. That count is limited to deaths on American soil. Kohn didn’t include this context in her tweet, though she did include a link that clarified that point. The tally itself is subject to certain judgment calls and has been criticized on that basis. Also, there are times when the motives of the Islamic and right-wing extremists are difficult to separate from underlying mental illness. The  suggests that while the margin might be small, it still falls on the side of slightly more deaths due to right-wing extremists. But the experts we talked to led us to conclude that a definitive answer is challenging. Given these uncertainties, we rate the  .
Statement: The Walker-Kleefisch administration slashed $800 million from public schools.
Speaker: democratic party of wisconsin
About the speaker: The Democratic Party of Wisconsin focuses on advancing state Democratic candidates and related issues.
Date: September 13, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget
Context: Instagram
Fact-check justification: The Democratic Party of Wisconsin claimed that "The Walker-Kleefisch administration slashed $800 million from public schools." We have rated that  before, when various Democrats tried to pin it solely on Walker. The same numbers and logic apply now: The Walker-Kleefisch administration did cut close to that amount ($784 million), in raw dollars in a single two-year budget.  But that ignores changes made through Walker’s Act 10 that saved districts money. And the fact that large chunks of the funding were restored over time. We rated the   then. We rate it the same way now.
Statement: Chicago maintained the lowest unemployment rate through most of 2021 of any large American city.
Speaker: lori lightfoot
About the speaker: Lori Lightfoot is the 56th mayor of Chicago. Prior to taking office in May 2019, she worked as an attorney and previously served as president of the Chicago Police Board, a civilian body responsible for deciding disciplinary matters involving allegations of police misconduct.
Date: December 31, 2021
Location: illinois
Topics: labor
Context: a year-end press release
Fact-check justification: Lightfoot said, "Chicago maintained the lowest unemployment rate through most of 2021 of any large American city."  By any statistical measure, the statement is not accurate. Chicago’s unemployment rate in 2021 was consistently worse than other comparable cities, with the exception of only New York and Los Angeles. Even accepting the clarification from Lightfoot’s office that she meant only the four largest cities, it is still . We rate this  .
Statement: Only 20 percent of our current graduates from Texas high schools go ahead and achieve either a national certificate or a community college degree -- or a college degree.
Speaker: tom luce
About the speaker: Tom Luce, a Dallas lawyer, is a long-time adviser to state government leaders. In the 1980s, he helped steer into law an overhaul of state education laws including the no-pass, no-play requirement that students pass their classes to participate in extracurricular activities.
Date: November 15, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: children;education
Context: testimony before the House Select Committee on Economic Competitiveness
Fact-check justification: Luce said: "Only 20 percent of our current graduates from Texas high schools go ahead and achieve either a national certificate or a community college degree -- or a college degree." This  has an element of a  in that a minority of Texas high school graduates shortly earn college degrees or other certificates. But Luce's 20 percent figure is incomplete and . Notably, it's limited to students landing degrees in Texas only, leaving out students who attended college out of state. In contrast, we found that some 30 percent of high school graduates landed a college degree or other post-high-school certificate within six years of graduation — which leaves Luce's percentage off by 50 percent. The number closest to what Luce cited applies to eighth-graders enrolled in fall 2005;  21 percent of them ultimately earned a college degree or other educational certificate from a Texas institution. We rate Luce’s statement at the hearing .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: It doesn't make sense to me to send $1-billion a day out of our
country. We can be energy independent and should be.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: September 19, 2007
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Florida
Fact-check justification: The real focus, experts say, needs to be on energy security, not
independence, i.e., ensuring that we get our energy from a sufficiently
diverse number of countries and different technologies, to reduce our
vulnerability to political shocks and natural causes
like hurricanes and climate change. Experts call this "energy
interdependence." T. Boone Pickens Jr., the Oklahoma oil tycoon, offered this
solution in an interview in September 2007 with the Pittsburgh Tribune Review :
"You can't become energy independent. That's out of the question
because you're importing 60 percent of the oil that you use every
day. ... If everybody in the United States started riding a bicycle,
it'll work."
Statement: Says David Hogg wasn't at school during the Parkland school shooting.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 26, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: fake news
Context: posts on the Internet
Fact-check justification: But not every site did. "It appears that the problem was that CBS included a very confusing quote without context," wrote conservative Florida writer  Sarah Rumpf, author of the errant RedState story. "Hogg was on campus during the shooting and returned several hours later to interview people across the street." Claims that Hogg was not at school during the shooting are not based in reality. We rate them !
Statement: A filibuster has never really been successfully used against a Supreme Court justice.
Speaker: jeffrey toobin
About the speaker: Jeffrey Toobin is a staff writer for the New Yorker, a legal analyst for CNN and an author of several books about the law.
Date: April 12, 2010
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;supreme court
Context: an interview on Comedy Central's "The Colbert Report"
Fact-check justification: Let's return to Toobin's statement. We'll acknowledge that there's some debate about whether Fortas' opponents in 1968 officially launched a filibuster. But as CRS points out, there's no magic test to determine whether a filibuster has actually occurred. Meanwhile, news accounts from the time describe it as a filibuster, and a variety of scholars agree that Fortas' opponents at the very least used the implied threat of a filibuster as leverage. So we rate Toobin's statement .
Statement: Before 1973 it was illegal in the U.S. to profit off of health care.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 29, 2019
Topics: health care;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Internet bloggers said that "before 1973 it was illegal in the U.S. to profit off of health care." The legislation did make the industry more commercially driven, but it’s  to say profit-making in the U.S. health care sector was illegal prior to Nixon’s signing of the HMO Act of 1973. Insurers and hospital chains generated profits decades earlier, and drug companies and medical device makers have always operated for profit. We rate this .
Statement: Ken Starr's plane just disappeared on his way to D.C. to testify against Hillary (Clinton).
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 24, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: The site has been the source of several  news stories that we’ve previously checked . As is the case here, TheLastLineOfDefense.org’s posts end up being passed around on multiple websites, often without attribution about its origin. TheLastLineOfDefense.org doesn’t indicate that this or any other story is , but its About Us link notes that "all articles should be considered satirical and any and all quotes attributed to actual people complete and total baloney." There have been no real reports that Starr has died, and the story came from a known purveyor of contrived news stories. We rate this statement !
Statement: Did you know? Dentists are the only physicians that believe you can get away with leaving dead tissue in the body. One root canal tooth can shut down 63% of your immune system.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 3, 2019
Topics: fake news;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The idea that bacteria trapped inside an endodontically-treated tooth will cause illness stems from research conducted by Dr. Weston Price in the 1920s. Price’s research suggested bacteria trapped in "dentinal tubules" during a root canal could "leak" and cause almost any type of degenerative systemic disease including arthritis and diseases of the kidney, heart, nervous, gastrointestinal, endocrine and other systems, according to a fact sheet on root canal safety by the American Association of Endodontists. The organization reported that Price advocated for extraction instead, resulting "in a frightening era of tooth extraction both for treatment of systemic disease and as a prophylactic measure against future illness. "  In the time since, multiple reports and reviews published in scientific journals –– such as the Journal of the American Dental Association and the Journal of the American Medical Association –– have criticized Price’s research methods and discredited his findings.   We rate this  about root canals leading to serious illnesses .
Statement: Republican leadership has not been clear about whether they support Rep. Ramthun's illegal and undemocratic resolution" on the 2020 election.
Speaker: greta neubauer
About the speaker: Greta Neubauer is an American politician and member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the city of Racine and eastern Racine County since January 2018. She is the Democratic minority leader of the Assembly as of 2022.
Date: February 21, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;legal issues
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Neubauer’s aide also pointed to a Feb. 20, 2022 appearance from Senate Majority Leader Devin LeMahieu, R-Oostburg on Capital City Sunday in which the senator said no one can know whether Biden’s win in Wisconsin was legitimate. But he too said what Ramthun is seeking is an impossibility.   Our ruling  Neubauer said Republican leadership hadn’t been clear about whether they supported Ramthun’s impossible quest to pull back Wisconsin’s electoral votes.   While Republican leaders have largely followed the GOP line on other election issues, Vos, Steineke and others have clearly said the Ramthun’s resolution is illegal and can’t work, and every member of the Assembly leadership team signed on to a statement disagreeing with the approach.   We rate this  .
Statement: The state and local tax deduction is a major benefit for moderate-income households because "50% of households that claim State & Local Tax deduction make under $100K.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: October 12, 2017
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Pelosi tweeted, "50% of households that  State & Local Tax deduction make under $100K." The data says that 54 percent of taxpayers who  the deduction make $100,000 or less. But, in reality, this is a tax deduction that disproportionately benefits higher-income taxpayers -- not the group Pelosi highlighted in her tweet. Pelosi's  is accurate, but it comes with that caveat. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says the Obamas are connected to the Varsity Blues college admissions scandal.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 8, 2019
Topics: fake news;crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But it does go to show you how these schemers were dealing with some of the nation’s most prestigious people – and were trusted industry insiders. No one would have suspected that Gordon Ernest was really trying to conspire to commit racketeering." This is a baseless rumor. The article’s  headline was used solely to generate website traffic which it obviously did, becoming fodder for viral social media posts like the one that caught our attention. We rate it .