chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Georgia didn't update its voter rolls prior to the 2020 presidential election; "this means we (you!) won the presidential election in Georgia.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 22, 2021
Location: georgia
Topics: national;elections
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Trump said Georgia didn’t update its voter rolls prior to the 2020 presidential election and "this means we (you!) won the presidential election in Georgia." Trump is  on both counts. Federal law requires states to establish programs to keep voter rolls up to date. To comply with the law, Georgia and other states routinely handle such removals in non-federal election years. In 2019, the state removed about 290,000 voters. In 2021, the state is on track to remove about 100,000 voters. The removal of voters who have moved, died or are otherwise ineligible is a routine occurrence, and it doesn’t change this fact: Georgia election officials certified the results showing that Trump lost. We rate this statement .
Statement: Under his tax plan, "the greatest gains, percentage-wise," will be "at the lower end of our plan.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: October 28, 2015
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Boulder, Colo
Fact-check justification: Rubio said that, according to the Tax Foundation, "the greatest gains, percentage-wise," will be "at the lower end of our plan." Rubio has a point that, at least according to the foundation’s projections, the largest percentage income gains would show up in the bottom two deciles. However, it’s important to remember that in raw dollars, these gains are relatively modest compared with the total benefits that would accrue under the tax plan at the upper end of the income spectrum. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "went toe-to-toe with Russia as secretary of state to do the New START agreement to reduce Russia's nuclear stockpile.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: October 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;foreign policy;nuclear
Context: Farmville, Va
Fact-check justification: Kaine said Clinton "went toe-to-toe with Russia as secretary of state to do the New START Agreement to reduce Russia's nuclear stockpile." New START cuts the number of strategic weapons that the United States and Russia can have deployed at any time, and Clinton played a key role in treaty negotiations. However, it does not restrict either country from stockpiling weapons, nor does it require them to destroy any existing weapons. The treaty hasn’t cut Russia’s nuclear arms yet. But if it does in the future, after the treaty is fully implemented in 2018, it seems that any reductions would be minimal rather than sweeping. And Russia, for the most part, was actually meeting the treaty’s limits when implementation began. We rate Kaine’s  .
Statement: As the State Department warned Mizzou in July 2019, and as I have repeatedly stated, (the Confucius Institute) presented security risks for students & university as a whole.
Speaker: josh hawley
About the speaker: Josh Hawley took office as U.S. Senator from Missouri in 2019. Hawley previously served as Missouri’s Attorney General. 
Date: January 15, 2020
Topics: education;foreign policy
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Hawley said the State Department warned Mizzou that the Confucius Institute "presented security risks for students & university as a whole." In a July letter to the university, the State Department listed violations of its guidelines and offered instructions on how to fix those violations. The letter never warns the university about risks created by the Confucius Institute; there’s little language that points to any warning. The closest it comes is in pointing out the risks of not adhering to the department guidelines on having a Mandaring speaker in the classroom, which "creates a vulnerability." We rate this  .
Statement: Putin bombs Biden-owned villa in Ukraine while hammering biolabs & pedophile rings.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 2, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The story claims that Putin is wiping out "child trafficking covens" in Ukraine but we found no  that these exist. The story pins this  on an unnamed "source." We rate this story ! RELATED: Hangings, guillotines and Gitmo: Going behind Real Raw News’ sensational (and fabricated) headlines
Statement: Over the last 40 years, this country's prison population has grown by 500 percent.
Speaker: kamala harris
About the speaker: Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States. Harris was elected as a senator from California in 2016. She previously was California’s attorney general from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 until 2011, she was the district attorney of San Francisco. Harris received a bachelor’s degree in political science and economics from Howard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in December. On Aug. 11, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden named Harris as his running mate.
Date: August 22, 2016
Location: california
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a tweet.
Fact-check justification: U.S. Senate candidate Kamala Harris recently said "Over the last 40 years, this country’s prison population has grown 500 percent." Data show the nation’s combined prison and jail population has grown 500 percent over this period. But when isolating just the prison population, the data shows that group has soared by nearly 600 percent. No matter how you crunch the numbers, they show a dramatic rise in incarceration -- one that actually exceeds what Harris stated. Her statement is on the right track, but needs this clarification. We rate it .   – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/da79554e-4177-4b1f-a88b-0a25ee20818e
Statement: A video shows "Dems caught not wearing masks" at the White House.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 20, 2021
Topics: public health;pundits;facebook fact-checks;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The Wall Street Journal reported that the event was open to 68 seated guests, plus a few dozen staff and journalists. Fact-checkers at Lead Stories and the Dispatch also determined that the video saying Democrats at the event were "caught not wearing masks" was missing context. The Instagram posts are partially accurate — the Democrats were together without masks — but the videos also leave out important details and take things out of context. The Democrats were acting in line with the CDC’s guidelines and White House policies for fully vaccinated individuals. We rate this post .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton wants illegal immigrants "collecting Social Security benefits.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 19, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration;economy;retirement;social security
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Trump says in his television ad that, under a Clinton presidency, illegal immigrants would get to collect Social Security benefits. It is correct that Clinton has supported plans to give many undocumented immigrants the right to stay in the country through deferred action, which has already been done under the Obama administration's DACA program. As a consequence of that, they are allowed to work and become part of the Social Security system under rules that have long been in place. But Trump's ad gets at none of that nuance, instead insinuating that all illegal immigrants would be getting immediate handouts under Clinton's presidency. Even if the broader DAPA program were to be adopted today, it would take a minimum of 10 years of working — and paying into the Social Security system — before these immigrants would be able to start getting their retirement money back. With few exceptions, the first payments wouldn't be collected until after Clinton leaves office. Trump's statement has an element of  but gives a  impression that all illegal immigrants will be getting Social Security paychecks during a Clinton administration. We rate the statement .  https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/d39bdebd-51f8-492b-ac4a-0b7604c7cf73
Statement: All charter schools are not-for-profit.
Speaker: bob cortes
About the speaker: Robert "Bob" Cortes is a Republican politician who currently serves as a member of the Florida House of Representatives, representing the 30th District. 
Date: April 18, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a discussion on HB 7101
Fact-check justification: Cortes said that all charter schools are not-for-profit. A Florida provision requires charter schools to be operated or controlled by a nonprofit organization. This technical talking point omits that many nonprofit charter school boards enter in to contracts with for-profit companies. Some for-profit charter school management companies have drawn increasing scrutiny over the years for how they’ve controlled the school’s money. This statement leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: The failed economic policies" of President Barack Obama, the Democrats and the Federal Reserve "are making gas prices higher while America's economy is running on fumes.
Speaker: eric hovde
About the speaker: Eric Hovde, a hedge fund manager and businessman from Madison, entered politics by running for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate in 2012. He finished second in the GOP primary.
Date: March 29, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: gas prices
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: The committee’s staff report, was cited in numerous blogs and opinion pieces, including one published by the San Francisco Examiner on May 17, 2011 by the committee’s vice chairman, Rep. Kevin Brady, R-Texas. Our rating Hovde claimed that actions by Obama, Congress and the Fed’s monetary policy had devalued dollar led to higher gas prices. The candidate uses a broad brush to describe the Federal Reserve’s actions in the wake of the financial market and housing meltdown. The value of the dollar factors into the equation, but as a secondary factor. We rate Hovde’s statement .
Statement: A bill from U.S. Rep. Ted Yoho attempts to restrict the administration's ability to conduct national security and criminal background checks on undocumented immigrants.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: December 4, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;terrorism
Context: a statement of policy from the Executive Office of the President
Fact-check justification: President Obama’s office said Yoho's HR 5759 attempts "to restrict the Administration's ability to conduct national security and criminal background checks on undocumented immigrants." The bill would make illegal any move from the White House that reclassified large categories of immigrants counter to current immigration law. Obama’s action establishes reprieve from removal after undocumented immigrants passed a background check, which would likely strain an already backlogged system. It ostensibly follows current laws as guidelines. But because Obama's action defers the status of the immigrants, the process it proposes to set up would violate the terms of Yoho’s bill. The Department of Homeland Security would continue to be able to perform checks as usual, so there’s little  public safety would be any more threatened than before. We rate the statement .
Statement: There is no FDA approval for the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine for COVID-19.
Speaker: 10 gop louisiana lawmakers
About the speaker: Ten Republican members of the Louisiana House of Representatives who signed a letter to the governor to say that the FDA had not approved a COVID-19 vaccine.
Date: September 29, 2021
Location: national
Topics: government regulation;public health;coronavirus
Context: a letter to the governor of Louisiana
Fact-check justification: Ten Louisiana lawmakers said, "There is no FDA approval for the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine for COVID-19." This is . The FDA approved that vaccine. The only change was in the vaccine’s name, but chemically and biologically, the vaccine called Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine and the newly named Comirnaty are identical. We rate this  .
Statement: The higher the education level, the more likely they are to vote Democratic.
Speaker: larry sabato
About the speaker: national political expert
Date: October 16, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: elections;voting record
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: Several polls and analysis done on data from presidential elections dating back at least a decade support Sabato’s . Still, looking at data for Georgia, the trend remains for white voters -- regardless of educational level -- to vote Republican. For many areas of the country, Sabato’s  holds . But in Georgia and the Deep South, the GOP is still firmly in control. We rate Sabato’s statement .
Statement: Romneycare covers abortion, illegal immigrants and has a public option. Obamacare does not.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 13, 2012
Location: national
Topics: abortion;immigration;health care
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Public option: Neither plan has a public option in which the government acts as the insurer. The Facebook post got a few things right but most things , particularly about Romney’s plan. Overall we rate it .
Statement: Astronaut Karen Nyberg filmed what "was supposedly a video from space" in front of a green screen.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 6, 2022
Topics: space;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "   "Anyone who can Google knows this was a mock up video for kids," one person wrote in the post’s comments. Weiss replied: "Actually it was a mock up video making fun of NASA for adults." We rate claims that this video shows Nyberg pretending to be in space . RELATED : NASA photos of the moon and Earth show that "space is ."
Statement: Taking all the money of the top 1 percent wouldn't keep Medicare going for three years.
Speaker: neil cavuto
About the speaker: Neil Cavuto is a host on Fox News and Fox Business Network.
Date: November 12, 2015
Topics: education;health care;taxes;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "Cavuto Coast to Coast" on Fox Business Network
Fact-check justification: Cavuto said that one year of the income of the top 1 percent would not pay for three years of Medicare. His point was that the financial capacity of the top 1 percent is not unlimited. He bolstered his point with a definitive statement, but the underlying math is flawed. Cavuto used the highest number we could find for the cost of Medicare. While he may have relied on an official web page for his Medicare number, we found an equally official source, the Medicare Trustees, that reported a lower figure. That small difference in itself made his  . Other measures of Medicare spending made it even more . His income figure, based on an approach he never fully described, is guaranteed to undercount the actual income of the top 1 percent. There is a sliver of accuracy in his calculation, but the weight of the numbers goes against him. We rate this  .
Statement: The border surge is "challenging" because the immigration system that had been in place for decades "was dismantled in its entirety by the Trump administration.
Speaker: alejandro mayorkas
About the speaker: Alejandro Mayorkas was sworn in as Secretary of the Department of Homeland Secretary on February 2, 2021. Previously, Mayorkas served as the Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security from 2013 to 2016, and as the Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services from 2009 to 2013.
Date: March 21, 2021
Topics: immigration;border security;homeland security
Context: an ABC News interview
Fact-check justification: Biden has pledged to invest $4 billion in Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador to improve conditions there and lessen the desire to migrate to the U.S. Mayorkas said the border surge is "challenging" because the immigration system that had been in place for decades "was dismantled in its entirety by the Trump administration." Trump’s administration did make significant changes to the U.S. immigration system, including the asylum-seeking process for migrants arriving at the southern border. While those actions may have an impact on migration, they are not wholly responsible for a surge in migration or the Biden administration’s ability to deal with it, experts said. Mayorkas’ statement is partly accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Rather than prioritize and pass ethics reform measures to restore trust in state government, (Democrats) sat on their hands and did nothing" when they were the majority.
Speaker: republican party of georgia
Date: September 19, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: ethics
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Mahoney stood by the . "When you do the math and think about how long the Democrats were in charge, I think it’s abundantly clear who has prioritized ethics," he said. Again, the Georgia GOP news release said "rather than prioritize and pass ethics reform measures to restore trust in state government, (Democrats) sat on their hands and did nothing" when they were the majority in state government. A search back as recently as the 1980s clearly shows there were bills passed aimed at improving ethics in Georgia while Democrats were in charge. We rate this  .
Statement: More cops have died from COVID this year than have been killed on patrol.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: August 31, 2020
Location: national
Topics: public safety;coronavirus
Context: Pittsburgh
Fact-check justification: Biden said that more cops have died from COVID-19 than while on patrol. COVID-19 by itself has killed more law enforcement officers than all other causes combined, according to two groups that track these numbers. No matter how we parsed the data — by excluding correctional and detention center officers, or by focusing on felonious deaths to officers that could be considered "on patrol" — COVID-19 posed the greatest single threat to officers’ lives. We rate this  .
Statement: When the New Hampshire Legislature raised the gasoline tax, gas prices in the state were "skyrocketing.
Speaker: club for growth
About the speaker: The Club for Growth is an anti-tax group.
Date: July 21, 2014
Location: new hampshire
Topics: energy;taxes
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The Club for Growth ad said the New Hampshire legislature raised the gasoline tax at a time when gas prices in the state were "skyrocketing." Gas prices in New Hampshire rose modestly -- about 5 percent -- between the bill’s introduction and its signing, , experts say, because of cyclical increases related to refinery maintenance and other reasons. Not only is that short of "skyrocketing," but the price of gasoline at the time the bill was signed was actually lower than it had been at multiple points over the previous three years. We rate the  .
Statement: I never considered myself a maverick.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: April 3, 2010
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a comment on Newsweek magazine's Web site
Fact-check justification: We lack the glamorous carelessness of youth and risk becoming parodies of our younger selves. Witnessing the behavior can make people uncomfortable, like watching an aging, overweight Elvis mock the memory of the brash young man who had swaggered across cultural color lines." That's not exactly an aggressive embrace of the term. But even if McCain is now listening more closely to his inner ambivalence about the term, it cannot erase the eagerness with which his 2008 presidential campaign touted that particular characteristic as a major selling point for candidacy. So we rate his statement that "I never considered myself a maverick" to be !