chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says President Barack Obama "has put (up) a stop sign … against oil drilling, against any kind of exploration offshore or in Alaska.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: June 6, 2011
Location: national
Topics: environment;energy;oil spill
Context: a Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: It’s  that the Obama Administration pulled back the reins after the BP spill. But the administration has continued approving shallow-water wells, and it began to approve deep-water wells again after the moratorium was lifted six months ago. Just because the pace isn’t as fast as some would like doesn’t mean that Obama "has put (up) a stop sign … against oil drilling, against any kind of exploration offshore or in Alaska." At most, it would be a yellow light, and Santorum’s  -- referring to curbs on "any kind" of exploration -- is over-broad. So we rate Santorum’s  .
Statement: The only years that anybody's ever seen" of Donald Trump's tax returns "showed he didn't pay any federal income tax.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: September 26, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;history;income;negative campaigning;wealth;taxes
Context: a Presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "The only years that anybody's ever seen" of Trump’s tax returns "showed he didn't pay any federal income tax." Those records, covering five years of returns, report that in three of the five years Trump did pay federal income taxes. In two years he did not. The tax returns themselves remain secret. Clinton’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/6adfa4d3-c309-41e1-940d-dd06448c5548
Statement: Says Georgia Democratic Senate hopeful Michelle Nunn supports higher taxes.
Speaker: ending spending action fund
About the speaker: The Ending Spending Action Fund describes itself as “an independent organization that proudly supports candidates regardless of party affiliation who favor enhancing free enterprise, reducing the size of government, and balancing our nation's budget.” It was founded in 2010 under another name by Joe Ricketts, a businessman who founded TD Ameritrade and whose family owns the Chicago Cubs baseball club, according to Open Secrets, a website that tracks money in politics. Ricketts has said he is a registered independent.
Date: April 3, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Nunn has said several times she favors a revenue-neutral approach, which her campaign notes is a position some major conservative groups say is not a tax increase. Nunn wants to fix some elements of the health care law. Her campaign also says it’s odd to say Nunn supports raising taxes because Obamacare is already a policy that is the law, although the Republicans running for the Senate seat want to repeal the law. We believe the statement in the ad about Nunn oversimplifies her position and needs a lot of context. We rate it .
Statement: Detroit actually has the lowest infection rate in the state of Michigan. We're half of that of the surrounding suburbs.
Speaker: mike duggan
About the speaker: The 75th Mayor of the City of Detroit.
Date: November 29, 2020
Location: michigan
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: On Nov. 29, Duggan said that Detroit has "the lowest infection rate in the state of Michigan" and that the city’s infection rate was half that of its surrounding suburbs. According to the seven-day positivity rate available when Duggan made his remarks, Detroit had among the lowest infection rates in the state and a better rate than surrounding areas but its rate was not the lowest in the state or half that of its surrounding communities. We rate this  . Nisa Khan and Kristi Tanner contributed to this report.
Statement: Video shows Joe Biden stuttering after being asked about touching women "without their permission" on The View.
Speaker: social media
About the speaker: logo
Date: May 26, 2020
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Tweet
Fact-check justification: That’s where the Daily Caller logo with the word "comedy" appears. When this video was uploaded on April 26, 2019 to Daily Caller, a conservative news and opinion website, it was posted under a comedy tag. The title originally identified the video as satire and described it as "some highlights of his most incoherent moments. "  Comments then and now — like the tweet by @johncardillo — show not everyone is sharing the clip in its joke context, obscuring Biden’s real answer. We rate this .
Statement: Atrazine in the water supply is contributing to "sexual dysphoria" in kids.
Speaker: robert f. kennedy, jr.
About the speaker: Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., is running for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2024. Kennedy has worked as an environmental lawyer, author and anti-vaccine activist. 
Date: June 5, 2023
Topics: environment;agriculture;lgbtq;water
Context: a podcast
Fact-check justification: But no scientific studies in humans link atrazine exposure to gender dysphoria.   A 2010 study in frogs that Kennedy appeared to refer to found  that atrazine exposure has a feminizing effect on frogs and can cause genetically male frogs to develop ovaries. But biological differences mean those findings cannot be unilaterally applied to humans. The frog study’s lead researcher said there is currently no data to support Kennedy’s .   We rate this  .
Statement: Democrats' new army of 87,000 IRS agents will be coming for you — with 710,000 new audits for Americans who earn less than $75k.
Speaker: kevin mccarthy
About the speaker: Kevin McCarthy, who was first elected in 2006, is a Republican member of Congress representing a district in California. McCarthy was elected as House Speaker in January 2023.
Date: August 9, 2022
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: McCarthy said an "army of 87,000 IRS agents will be coming for you — with 710,000 new audits for Americans who earn less than $75k." The IRS has indicated it plans to increase its staffing and enforcement. But the 87,000 figure is flawed because not all of those employees would work in IRS enforcement, and not all of them would be new workers added to the overall workforce. Some hires would maintain staffing levels that would have fallen if past trends of budget cuts continued. The 710,000 audit estimate runs counter to the stated policy of the IRS and is based on a flawed use of a CBO estimate that assumed much higher spending on enforcement than is in the current Democratic bill. We rate this  .
Statement: Tax increases could "come into play" as a result of the debt ceiling deal.
Speaker: phil gingrey
About the speaker: Phil Gingrey, a Republican, is a congressman from Georgia
Date: August 1, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget;taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Some argue that what method the CBO chooses could make it easier or harder to raise taxes. Still, we think the more relevant issue is that while the committee is not barred from raising taxes, its makeup and the realities of divided government will make it tough to do so. Since there’s room for a tax hike or two in the bill, tax increases could "come into play," as Gingrey said. His statement is accurate but could use a little more context. We give him a .
Statement: Easing school lunch regulations "is not reducing the nutritional standards whatsoever.
Speaker: sonny perdue
About the speaker: Sonny Perdue is the former governor of Georgia. He serves as Secretary of Agriculture for the Trump administration.
Date: May 1, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: education;food
Context: a policy announcement event
Fact-check justification: Perdue said his changes to the school lunch requirements did not reduce nutritional standards. The plain facts and the assessment of experts confirm that the long term goals for whole grains and sodium remain in place for now. However, under the new policy, schools need not make more progress toward those goals for another three years. In addition, the current standards don’t allow flavored 1 percent milk, and the new policy states that the department wants to change that through an interim rule. So the standards might not have changed yet, but Perdue said he plans to do so. We rate this  .
Statement: David Perdue did not support the 2014 farm bill that U.S. Sens. Isakson and Chambliss did.
Speaker: michelle nunn
About the speaker: Michelle Nunn was the chief executive officer of the Points of Light Foundation, a charitable organization. She is the daughter of former U.S. Sen. Sam Nunn, a Democrat from Georgia. Michelle Nunn is running for the U.S. Senate as a Democrat.
Date: October 7, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: agriculture;elections
Context: a U.S. Senate debate
Fact-check justification: That sort of debate would require a bifurcated bill, to fund agriculture and nutrition. An effort to do just that failed in Congress before lawmakers rallied behind the compromise. With that history, it is clear that Nunn is correct to say Perdue did not support the 2014 farm bill. But it is an overreach to imply that opposition to the bill translates into opposition to farmers or agriculture. We rate her  .
Statement: There were several states where outside actors dramatically changed the rules of the road, so to speak, two weeks out, one week out, on how elections would be run.
Speaker: chris jacobs
About the speaker: Chris Jacobs is a candidate for New York State Senate District 60. He currently serves as Erie County Clerk.
Date: January 7, 2021
Location: new york
Topics: elections
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Jacobs said that he voted against certifying the Electoral College vote because he looked at the Constitution and it gives state legislatures authority over elections, but that he saw that "outside actors dramatically changed the rules of the road" within two weeks of the election.  State laws regarding election procedures were in place months, or years, before Election Day. There were some legal challenges and guidance from state election officials near the election. But secretaries of state and other state and local election officials have duties related to running elections and are not "outside actors." Courts are the place to hear legal challenges to election rules.  It's questionable that three-day registration deadline extensions, extending the deadline for ballots to be received, and offering voters opportunities to correct their ballots are "dramatic" changes to election procedures, as Jacobs states.  We rate this  .
Statement: Says under the Senate immigration bill, newly legalized immigrants will "pay every tax possible, but you don't get a single benefit" for 10 years.
Speaker: luis gutierrez
About the speaker: Luis Gutierrez is a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois.
Date: June 29, 2013
Location: national
Topics: immigration;welfare
Context: an interview with CNN
Fact-check justification: Gutierrez said that immigrants with provisional status would pay every tax and get no benefits. His staff said he was talking about means-tested benefits, and to a large extent, Gutierrez was in line with what the Senate immigration bill says. It requires unauthorized immigrants to pay taxes, and so long as they are in a provisional status, they would not be eligible for food, housing or medical assistance. There are exceptions under current law that would allow them to get some public benefits, but these are limited and in any event, the Senate bill does not change the status quo. A subset of immigrants, children brought to the country at a young age and agricultural workers, would be eligible for green cards in less than 10 years, but the majority, about 70 percent, would have to wait the full time. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says "while state leaders have cut funding for our schools and other basic priorities, the amount of money the state is projected to give away through tax breaks increased by a whopping $3.4 billion.
Speaker: our oregon
About the speaker: Our Oregon describes itself as a 501(c)(4) organization "dedicated to fighting for economic and social fairness for all Oregonians. Our coalition represents organizations and individuals who care about a range of issues, from preserving funding for our schools and critical services to protecting the environment."
Date: June 20, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: "Rather than just throwing up their hands and just allowing us to be connected to the federal tax code (they should ask) ‘Does this make sense for the state of Oregon?’" Our Oregon said in a newsletter that the state is projected to give away $3.4 billion more in tax breaks this biennium than the last, even as lawmakers make cuts in education and other programs. Education budgets have definitely seen service cuts -- though the actual state education budget has grown. Our Oregon’s math is right, but we think it’s important context that the increase isn’t all a result of legislators passing new giveaways and that other budgets haven’t shrunk so much as failed to keep up with growth. We rate this  .
Statement: Clinton "refused repeated requests to meet with the Gold Star Mothers.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: October 17, 2007
Location: national
Topics: military
Context: an e-mail message circulated by many people
Fact-check justification: "I felt she was very supportive — and I'm a Republican." The Gold Star Mothers Web site says the allegation in the e-mail is . "This story passed through several people before being reported by NewsMax on May 26, 2001 and the details were lost ... The NewsMax article did not get the story correct and we deeply regret the misunderstanding about Senator Hillary Clinton." So we give the e-mail a .
Statement: McDonald's and Coke have both announced no whites will be hired in top positions.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 13, 2021
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: At the time, Black people made up 10% of McDonald’s senior level management, Reuters reported .   There is no mention in the article or in the company’s statement of not hiring white people to leadership roles, nor is there anything to suggest that would happen.    Coca-Cola, meanwhile, recently announced a goal of hiring a representative workforce so that its employee population across all job levels is aligned with U.S. Census data by race and ethnicity.   But there’s no  of the  in this Facebook post — not in McDonald’s or Coca-Cola’s press releases, not in their Twitter accounts , and not in any news coverage.    We rate this post .
Statement: Austin is number one in Texas in startups, venture capital and patents.
Speaker: steve adler
About the speaker: Attorney Steve Adler won election as mayor of Austin in December 2014, drawing 67 percent of the vote in a December 2014 runoff. He was sworn in Jan. 6, 2015. He sought re-election in 2018.
Date: April 25, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: city government;economy;small business;technology
Context: speaking against Proposition 1 on Austin's May 7, 2016 ballot
Fact-check justification: Adler said: "Austin is number one in Texas in startups, venture capital and patents." Houston has been running ahead in international technology patents, it looks to us, but Austin lately leads the state in overall patents, startups and venture capital. We rate the  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Charlie "Crist made it easier for Duke to take your money.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: August 12, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: energy
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: The Republican Party of Florida said, "Crist made it easier for Duke to take your money." The accusation is about a 2008 amendment to a law that allowed electric providers to charge an advance fee to customers to build or upgrade facilities. The change Crist signed added the planning of transmission lines to the list of approved uses to the fee. There are two big problems with the attack: Jeb Bush signed the original 2006 law, not Crist; and it doesn’t appear Duke Energy ever collected advance fee money to plan transmission lines from its two nuclear projects. Crystal River was an existing plant that didn’t need more, and the Levy County project never made it far enough to consider power lines. If anything, Scott is the one who has allowed a utility company to potentially profit off the change Crist allowed. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says since he and President Trump took office, their policies "led to an unemployment rate of 3.1% in Wisconsin and 61,000 Wisconsin jobs, including 15,000 manufacturing jobs.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: October 11, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;jobs;coronavirus
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Pence claimed in a news release that since he and Trump took office, their policies "led to an unemployment rate of 3.1% in Wisconsin and 61,000 jobs, including 15,000 manufacturing jobs." Those numbers may have been high-water marks before the pandemic, but they ignore the current reality. Even then, they overstate the credit for improvements that are driven by many economic forces. We rate Pence’s  .
Statement: Legal prescription drugs "statistically kill 100,000 people a year, (but) there are no documented deaths due to marijuana.
Speaker: gary johnson
About the speaker: Gary Johnson is the Libertarian nominee for president in 2016. He was also the party's nominee in 2012. He previously served as governor of New Mexico as a Republican.
Date: August 3, 2016
Location: national
Topics: drugs;marijuana
Context: a town hall meeting
Fact-check justification: Johnson said that marijuana competes with "legal prescription drugs that statistically kill 100,000 people a year and there are no documented deaths due to marijuana." Marijuana is far less toxic than many prescription painkillers, which kill tens of thousands of people every year. Marijuana has never killed anyone through overdose, but Johnson’s vague  leaves out the crucial fact that marijuana has played a role in accidental deaths. And the number of prescription drug deaths isn't estimated to be as high as Johnson said.  The  is partially accurate but leaves out important context. We rate his  Half .   https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/455541b7-e999-4df3-be01-918edecb86ec
Statement: Says "last year the graduation rate for our combined six-district footprint jumped 5.5 percent.
Speaker: sam adams
About the speaker: Sam Adams is the mayor of Portland. Before that he was a city commissioner and , for 11 years, was chief of staff to then-Mayor Vera Katz.
Date: December 20, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: education
Context: a term review document
Fact-check justification: Last year alone, he said, "the graduation rate for our combined six-district footprint jumped 5.5% (from 56.8% to 62.3%)." We checked Adam’s figure and found that it relied on graduation statistics that benefited from, at least in part, better record keeping and not just better student retention. Waas Shull at All Hands Raised said as much. That’s an important detail. We rate this  .
Statement: When I became governor, I inherited a large deficit. You know what? We just turned that into the largest surplus in Virginia history.
Speaker: terry mcauliffe
About the speaker: Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat, was elected governor of Virginia on Nov. 5, 2013. He received 47.8 percent of the vote in defeating Republican Ken Cuccinelli, who came in at 45.2 percent. Robert Sarvis, a Libertarian, finished a distant third with 6.5 percent.
McAuliffe's inaguration as Virginia's 72nd governor is scheduled on Jan. 11, 2014.
McAuliffe, a wealthy businessman and noted political fundraiser, was co-chairman of President Bill Clinton's 1996 reelection campaign. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2005 and chairman of Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, McAuliffe unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Virginia governor.
McAuliffe was born in Syracuse, N.Y., on Feb. 9, 1957. He has a bachelor's degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. McAuliffe has lived in Fairfax County for more than 20 years, is married and has five children.
 
Date: November 2, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: economy;state budget
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: McAuliffe said, "When I became governor, I inherited a large deficit. … We just turned that into the largest surplus in Virginia history." The simple fact is that McAuliffe inherited balanced budget proposals from McDonnell. Perhaps, as the governor’s spokesman suggests, McDonnell should have seen approaching clouds and proposed a more conservative spending plan. But that’s hindsight and financial projections are tricky. When McAuliffe sensed an economic slowdown during his first weeks in office, he made a modest $140 million cut to McDonnell’s revenue forecast. Six months later, McAuliffe was projecting a $2.4 billion shortfall. McAuliffe is hardly the first governor to accuse his predecessor of leaving behind a financial mess. But  shows the brunt of the economic slowdown, though not McAuliffe’s fault, occurred during his watch. This year’s $550 million surplus is a state record in terms of raw dollars, although not in inflation-adjusted dollars. But the surplus does not mean there’s been a record turnaround in Virginia’s economy. It means that the revenue shortfall is turning out not to be as steep as projected in 2014. On the whole, we rate McAuliffe’s statement .