chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Recently released Jan. 6 footage shows "these cops using massive amounts of force against unarmed Trump supporters, including women.
Speaker: dinesh d'souza
About the speaker: Dinesh D’Souza is a former policy analyst in the Reagan White House and a fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. He served as the president of The King’s College in New York City from 2010 to 2012 and is the author of numerous books and director several documentary films, including "2016: Obama's America."
Date: January 4, 2022
Topics: criminal justice;crime;pundits;facebook fact-checks;punditfact;jan. 6
Context: a Fox News appearance
Fact-check justification: D’Souza said recently released footage "of what happened in the tunnel on Jan. 6" shows "cops using massive amounts of force against unarmed Trump supporters, including women." D’Souza’s  leaves the impression that Trump supporters were unarmed and helpless in the face of brutal beatings by police, but that’s a drastic recasting of what happened at the Capitol on Jan. 6. The reality is that, in the Lower West Terrace tunnel and elsewhere, the police protecting the Capitol were overwhelmed by rioters who attacked them with real and makeshift weapons. Two experts said the force the police used in return was restrained. We rate D’Souza’s  .
Statement: Chicago is "the city with the strongest gun laws in our nation.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 7, 2017
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: South Korea
Fact-check justification: Trump said Chicago has the strongest gun laws in the nation. The statement is years out of date. After a Supreme Court ruling, Chicago residents can own handguns and carry them unseen on the streets. A national gun control group puts seven states above Illinois in regulating gun ownership. Trump needs to refresh this talking point. We rate this  .
Statement: The health insurance industry has "agreed to waive all co-payments for coronavirus treatments.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 11, 2020
Topics: health care;coronavirus
Context: a White House speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said the health insurance industry has "agreed to waive all co-payments for coronavirus treatments." This isn’t what those companies said. They agreed to waive copayments for coronavirus testing. That’s only one component, and it’s a far cry from waiving copayments for all treatment. And, despite what the president’s phrasing may imply, the Americans who seek a test and are turned away will not have their copayments waived either. Patients who seek testing for coronavirus, and even those who end up needing treatment, will likely still end up facing medical bills. The size and scope depends on their insurance plans, and on what doctors they see. The president’s statement is . We rate it .
Statement: Says Nancy Pelosi delayed coronavirus funding so "Dems could campaign on it.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 6, 2020
Topics: congress;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: Stories  Pelosi held up coronavirus emergency funds so that Democrats could campaign on the issue.  During negotiations with Republicans on the funding package, Pelosi pushed for language on how the aid would be paid for and on the cost of treatments. Meanwhile, the House Democrats’ campaign arm ran ads targeting a Trump administration official’s comments about vaccine costs.  The stories make unsupported claims about Pelosi’s motives and omit the role Republicans played in the bill’s negotiations. We rate it .
Statement: Says Clint Eastwood said "one day we will realize that the Barack Obama presidency was the biggest fraud ever perpetrated on the American people." ​
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 6, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: One person who did get it right? Donald Trump. Three days after the story ran, he tweeted : "‘President Obama is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people.’ --Clint Eastwood" We rate this  .
Statement: In Russia "all people are absolutely equal regardless of their religion, sex, ethnicity, or sexual orientation," while "70 countries of the world have criminal liability for homosexuality.
Speaker: vladimir putin
About the speaker: Vladimir Putin is the president of Russia.
Date: January 19, 2014
Location: national
Topics: civil rights
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Putin said 70 countries criminalize homosexuality and Russia isn’t one of them. His estimate is pretty close to the 76 highlighted by the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association and its  the organization did not include Russia in that number. But Putin also was far too rosy in his depiction of how the country treats gays and lesbians when he said "all people are absolutely equal regardless of their religion, sex, ethnicity, or sexual orientation." Recent actions by Putin and the ruling United Russia party have further restricted the rights of gays and lesbians to peacefully demonstrate. We rate his  .
Statement: Says PolitiFact reported that "95 percent of what (Donald Trump) says is a lie.
Speaker: joy behar
About the speaker: A co-host on the ABC talk show The View.
Date: September 6, 2017
Topics: pop culture;pundits;punditfact
Context: comments on 'The View'
Fact-check justification: Behar said PolitiFact reported that "95 percent of what (Trump) says is a lie." That’s a misreading of Trump’s file, which notes that of the 446 statements we’ve examined, only 5 percent earned a  rating. We’ve rated Trump’s statements  or  a total of 48 percent of the time. The definitions of our -O-Meter ratings make it difficult to call the bulk of Trump’s statements outright lies. The files we keep for people's statements act as a scorecard of the veracity of their most interesting claims. Keep in mind that the statements we rate are neither a random nor comprehensive look at things Trump has said. Behar oversimplified when invoking our -O-Meter rulings. We rate her statement .
Statement: I have never lobbied for offshore oil drilling.
Speaker: david jolly
About the speaker: David Jolly won a special election in March 2014 to represent the 13th U.S. Congressional District in Pinellas County, Florida. He won re-election in 2014 and was defeated by Democrat Charlie Crist in 2016. He is a former Washington lobbyist and aide to C.W. Bill Young.
Date: January 6, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: comments at a public form
Fact-check justification: Jolly said he never lobbied for offshore drilling. But a lobbyist disclosure statement contradicts that, and Jolly said later that he did attend a meeting in which the legislation was discussed even though he didn’t actively lobby for it. When we looked into the rules of lobbying, it seems that the situation as he describes it -- being at a meeting but not actively pushing the measure with elected officials -- technically counts as being part of a communication about the proposal. We’ll never know the specifics of the meeting in question, and given the vague nature of lobbying reporting, the events may very well have been as low-key as he describes. But when it comes to the letter of the law, the way Jolly describes the incident counts as lobbying, experts say. We rate this statement .
Statement: 50% of the guns sold in Texas, because of the loopholes, do not pass through a background check.
Speaker: matthew dowd
About the speaker: Matthew Dowd is an author and MSNBC analyst. In 2021, he briefly ran for the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor of Texas. He served as chief political strategist to Republican President George W. Bush.
Date: May 24, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: government regulation;guns
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Dowd said "50% of the guns sold in Texas, because of the loopholes, do not pass through a background check." We could find no data to confirm the , and available studies and surveys contradict the idea that such a large percentage of gun buyers in Texas were not subject to a background check.  We rate the  . PolitiFact staff researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: Medicaid "is contributing to 70 percent of our budget deficit right now. It's the one that is in our lap because of Obamacare.
Speaker: pat toomey
About the speaker: Pat Toomey is a U.S. senator from Pennsylvania, having won election to his seat in 2010 by defeating Democratic Rep. Joe Sestak. Toomey occupies the seat formerly held by Sen. Arlen Specter, to whom he narrowly lost in the 2004 Republican U.S. Senate primary.
Date: July 10, 2017
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;deficit;health care
Context: Morning Joe
Fact-check justification: Toomey's  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this statement . Update: This report has been updated to include additional comments from Toomey on Medicaid spending that we received after our initial publication. The rating remains unchanged.
Statement: Says "I worked with our Mayor and other commissioners to help save the school year when a budget crisis in Salem threatened to cut four weeks of the school year," including  negotiating with teachers to work for free.
Speaker: charlie hales
About the speaker: Charlie Hales was a Portland city commissioner, serving from 1993 through 2002. After leaving the City Council, he joined HDR Engineering as senior vice president, working on new light rail and streetcar lines.
Date: March 28, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: city government;education;message machine 2012;voting record
Context: campaign material
Fact-check justification: Hales owned up to the inaccuracy of his statement. We give him and the campaign credit for being so quick to correct the record. But the statement is still flat . We rule the statement . Return to OregonLive to comment on this ruling.
Statement: Heroin comes in the United States "from the southern border.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 12, 2016
Location: national
Topics: drugs
Context: an interview on CNBC
Fact-check justification: Trump said heroin "comes from the southern border." The vast majority of heroin in the United States comes from Mexico and South America. We rate Trump’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/a9932f9a-2c9e-400e-a421-6aab55f53ff3
Statement: Says Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett is responsible for the roughly $7,800 "I pay in property taxes per year.
Speaker: david a. clarke jr.
About the speaker: David A. Clarke Jr. served as Milwaukee County sheriff from 2002 to 2017.
Date: January 31, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: city budget;city government;county budget;county government;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Which is to say, Barrett has little or nothing to do with the lion’s share of Clarke’s property tax bill. Our rating Clarke said Barrett is responsible for the roughly $7,800 "I pay in property taxes per year." Barrett has significant influence over how much Clarke pays in property taxes to the city, but that amounts to only about one-third of Clarke’s tax bill. We rate Clarke’s  . You can comment on this item on the Journal Sentinel's web site .
Statement: There is a consensus among economists left, right, and center… that we can't spend too much" on COVID-19 relief.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: February 16, 2021
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus;wisconsin;coronavirus
Context: Milwaukee
Fact-check justification: Biden said that economists across the political spectrum supported his COVID-19 relief proposal. There is broad agreement that Washington should spend hundreds of billions of dollars to corral the coronavirus, help small businesses and give assistance to the millions of people who lost their jobs. But Biden treated that support as an endorsement of his entire $1.9 trillion plan. Many prominent economists have concerns about the price tag, which was the exact focus of the question Biden was answering.  He glossed over that debate. We rate this  .
Statement: Science has not shown greenhouse gases to be a problem.
Speaker: wayne smith
About the speaker: Wayne Smith, initially elected to the Texas House in 2002, is a Vietnam veteran who previously served as construction chairman of the Board of Directions of Harris County's Houston Sports Authority.
Date: April 17, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: environment;climate change;science;weather
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Smith said science has not shown greenhouse gases to be a problem. But scientists have agreed for years that such gases contribute to atmospheric changes driving climatic warming, which is characterized as a global threat. We considered the idea that the legislator’s reference to greenhouse gases as a "problem" reflects an uncheckable judgment, a matter of opinion. However, our sense is that his statement purported to reflect scientific consensus--and by that yardstick, it is both  and . We rate the  as .
Statement: Says he "balanced the budget without raising taxes.
Speaker: bob buckhorn
About the speaker: Bob Buckhorn is making his second run for mayor in Tampa's nonpartisan elections on March 1, 2011. He previously served on the City Council from 1995-2003.
Date: January 15, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: city budget;taxes
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Buckhorn’s TV ad says he "balanced the budget without raising taxes." Because the city kept its property tax rate constant even as the total value of property in the city rose, the city has seen its property tax revenues rise the past two fiscal years. And it has been required by state law to advertise a tax increase for both of those years. Tax revenues are still significantly below what they were before the real estate crash. We rate this statement .
Statement: The world food demand is going to double sometime between now and 2070.
Speaker: roy blunt
About the speaker: Roy Blunt is the junior U.S. senator from Missouri. He was formerly a U.S. representative from Missouri’s 7th district, and served for six years as the Republican whip in that chamber.
Date: September 4, 2015
Location: missouri
Topics: poverty
Context: at the Missouri State Fair
Fact-check justification: Blunt said, "The world food demand is going to double sometime between now and 2070."  The scientific community agrees. We rate this  to be .
Statement: Crime is down in Arizona.
Speaker: al hunt
About the speaker: Al Hunt is the executive editor for Washington for Bloomberg News.
Date: July 4, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;crime;this week - abc news
Context: an appearance on ABC's "This Week."
Fact-check justification: "Crime has been going down, overall, in Arizona," said Tony LaRose, an associate professor of criminology at the University of Tampa, but he noted it has been a national trend for the past almost three decades." The trend holds even if you only measure violent crime, which James Alan Fox, a professor of criminology at Northeastern University, said is the type of crime people think of when discussing crime and illegal immigrants. The violent crime rate fell 11 percent from 2004 to 2008 in Arizona. Whether or not Hunt was correctly interpreting McCain's comments is outside of the scope of the , but he is right about Arizona crime going down. So we rate Hunt's  .
Statement: Says Dan Patrick "proposed Arizona-style show-me-your-papers legislation.
Speaker: julián castro
About the speaker: Julián Castro is a former U.S. secretary of Housing & Urban Development. He was the youngest member of Barack Obama’s cabinet, serving from 2014 to 2017. Just before he became secretary of HUD, he was the mayor of San Antonio, elected in 2009. Castro received a bachelor’s degree in political science and communications from Stanford University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on Jan. 2, 2020.
Date: April 15, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;criminal justice;crime
Context: Univision debate on immigration
Fact-check justification: Castro said Patrick "proposed Arizona-style show-me-your-papers legislation." Patrick’s unsuccessful proposal was similar to, and modeled on, Arizona’s show-your-papers provision. We rate this  as .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: You can fill out your tax return in Estonia online in five minutes.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: June 2, 2015
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;taxes
Context: Orlando
Fact-check justification: Bush said "you can fill out your tax return in Estonia online in five minutes." If anything, Estonian tax filers tell us, it takes even less than that. We rate Bush’s  .
Statement: BREAKING: 60 people just found dead in Ohio
Speaker: true american
About the speaker: True American is a website with clickbait headlines.
Date: May 13, 2018
Topics: drugs;fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: A headline said, "BREAKING: 60 people just found dead in Ohio." The scare-tactic headline creates a  impression that something catastrophic happened to cause 60 people to suddenly drop dead. In reality, the Cuyahoga Medical Examiner initially found that 60 died from overdoses in February 2017, and later reported the final number was 65. So the number is also incomplete and outdated. We rate this  .
Statement: Obamacare raised premiums by 100 percent and after that 91 percent of the people were covered, but we're all paying 100 percent more.
Speaker: george holding
About the speaker: George Holding is a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina.
Date: October 22, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: health care
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Holding said, "Obamacare raised premiums by 100 percent and after that 91 percent of the people were covered, but we’re all paying 100 percent more." There are fragments of  in that, but the way he’s constructed that statement makes it a significant distortion. While a 100 percent increase is what was reported in 2017 by the Department of Health and Human Services, the comparison distorts the  that the vast majority of Americans encountered. Holding’s  that "we’re all paying 100 percent more" was especially  because only 2 to 5 percent of people are affected by premium increases on the Affordable Care Act’s individual market. Holding cherry-picked the smallest market for insurance and suggested that everyone was suffering that way. But for most people, the premium increases have not been nearly as steep as he said. In particular, it’s simply not  that "we’re all paying 100 percent more." In fact, the vast majority of Americans get their coverage from employers, Medicare or Medicaid. We rate this statement . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide.
Statement: Virtually every person across this country has seen premiums going up and up and up" due to Obamacare.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: October 16, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a conversation with reporters
Fact-check justification: Cruz said Obamacare has led to premiums going up and up and up for virtually every person. Cruz was most  when he spoke sweepingly about most Americans. The fact is, the majority of Americans already have insurance and Obamacare has had little impact on their premiums. The people first in line to see the law’s effects are in the individual market. There, it is  that young adults, along with some older adults, are vulnerable to hefty premiums hikes, but as painful as that might be, their numbers hardly amount to "virtually every person." One final point: Cruz's comments don't take into account the many people who will get subsidies as they shop on the health care marketplaces. People making less than 400 percent of the poverty level will be eligible for subsidies. If these people have been able to afford to buy their own insurance before the law, then they should see substantial decreases in their premiums thanks to the new regulations and subsidies. Cruz is using inflated rhetoric. We rate his  .
Statement: If Rhode Island applied a 1-percent sales tax on all items exempt from sales tax, ''the state would receive an additional $89,376,857.''
Speaker: lincoln chafee
About the speaker: Lincoln Chafee is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He served one four-year term as Rhode Island's governor, beginning on Jan. 4, 2011. He was the first Independent to be elected to that office. He subsequently became a Democrat. As a Republican, he served as mayor of Warwick from 1992 to 1999, when he was appointed to the U.S. Senate following the death of his father, Sen. John H. Chafee. He was elected to a full Senate term in 2000. He is married with three children. In April 2015 he formed an exploratory committee to consider running for President.
Date: June 18, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: taxes
Context: Lincoln Chafee, a posting on his website, Chafee for Governor
Fact-check justification: "Those are huge numbers," Dion said. "You’ve got to use caution." Chafee’s sales-tax math is accurate. But it’s based on numbers that even the people who compiled them say are less than reliable. For that reason, we rate Chafee’s projection .