chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Ohio Gov. John Kasich "got lucky with a thing called fracking," which "is why Ohio is doing well.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 28, 2015
Location: national
Topics: environment;energy
Context: comments during the CNBC debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "John (Kasich) got lucky with a thing called fracking," which "is why Ohio is doing well". Though Ohio underwent a fracking boom in recent years, Trump is overstating its impact on Ohio’s economy. By all estimates, fracking jobs account for 2 percent of those added in the state during Kasich’s tenure. Shale development has improved GDP by about 1 percent and contributed to less than a percent of the state’s tax revenue. Not even the drillers themselves back Trump’s . We rate it .
Statement: Lindsey Graham threatens to convert to Democrat if Republicans don't Dump Trump.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 21, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: By March 20, 2017, a post on Spinzon.com had the same headline as the TrueTrumpers.com post. It’s apparent that a radical headline was slapped on the story to drive traffic. Graham did not say he was planning on changing his party affiliation, but he did disagree with Trump’s comments about a federal judge. While the story itself is accurate (albeit with little context), the headline is not. We rate it .
Statement: In Milwaukee County, juveniles arrested for car theft "get sent immediately home, because under the point system in juvenile court" on holding suspects, "a stolen car gets zero points.
Speaker: edward flynn
About the speaker: Edward Flynn was the police chief in Milwaukee, Wis., from January 2008 to February 2018. He was police commissioner in Springfield, Mass., from 2006 to 2008. He served as secretary of public safety under then-Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney from January 2003 until taking the Springfield job.
Date: August 27, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;criminal justice;legal issues;crime;transportation;urban
Context: a forum
Fact-check justification: Our rating Flynn said that in Milwaukee County, juveniles arrested for car theft "get sent immediately home, because under the point system in juvenile court" on holding suspects, "a stolen car gets zero points." It’s possible for a juvenile arrested on an auto theft-related charge to be released home until appearing in court, usually the next day. It depends on the facts of the case and factors such as whether the juvenile can be supervised by a responsible adult. But under the point system, auto theft is worth 10 points, not zero, which typically would result in the juvenile being held in secure detention or at an alternative facility until appearing in court, depending on factors such as the juvenile having a prior record. For a statement that contains only an element of , we rate the  .
Statement: Says U.S. Sen. Ron Johnson, R-Wisconsin, was elected in a "very low turnout" race.
Speaker: chris matthews
About the speaker: Chris Matthews is the host of the MSNBC show Hardball. Previously, Matthews served on the staffs of congressional Democrats and worked as a speechwriter for President Jimmy Carter. He also worked as chief of staff to former House Speaker Tip O'Neil.
Date: January 23, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;pundits
Context: comments on his MSNBC show
Fact-check justification: Franklin noted that Jim Doyle, the Democrat who served two terms as Wisconsin governor, unseated a Republican incumbent in a 2002 midterm election. And Doyle won re-election in 2006. Our rating Matthews said Johnson won in a "very low turnout" election when he knocked off Feingold in 2010. His comment holds up if the comparison point is presidential years, but it’s off the mark if prior midterms in Wisconsin and in other states are the standard. We rate his statement .
Statement: Herd immunity is probably why California has far fewer COVID-19 deaths than New York.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 10, 2020
Location: california
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;new york;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A widely shared post on Facebook claims herd immunity is probably why California has far fewer COVID-19 deaths than New York. Experts say that with relatively little testing having been done, there is no  to indicate that herd immunity explains the large gap in coronavirus deaths in the two states. We rate the  .
Statement: Says attorney general candidate Jon Richards "went so far to say he would only enforce the laws with which he personally agreed.
Speaker: brad schimel
About the speaker: Republican Brad Schimel was elected in 2006 as the district attorney in Waukesha County, which borders Milwaukee County. He was the GOP nominee for Wisconsin attorney general in the November 2014 election, and defeated Susan Happ to win the office. After he was defeated in November 2018, he was appointed a circuit court judge in Waukesha County.
Date: June 26, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;ethics;legal issues;lgbtq;marriage;guns
Context: a fund-raising email
Fact-check justification: Richards said several aspects of the law were "problematic" in terms of public safety, but he added: "Having said that, I mean, the law is in place and as attorney general I would certainly work to make sure that if people apply for a concealed weapons permit, that it’s handled in a professional manner, quickly and expeditiously, and that we obey the law and we get those permits issued." Our rating Schimel said Richards "went so far to say he would only enforce the laws with which he personally agreed." He provides no  that Richards made such a statement. On the contrary, Richards has said on multiple occasions he would enforce laws with which he doesn’t agree. We rate Schimel’s statement .
Statement: COVID death rates 4 to 1, vaccinated to unvaxxed
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 19, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: The vaccines offer more than 90% protection against mortality, the health agency’s report says. Though the vaccine surveillance report was issued by the UK Health Security Agency , which encmpasses all countries in the United Kingdom, the data in the report is only from England, Weeks said. The  was published by Mic Drop Politics , which copied the text of its post from another blog called The Expose. The data about the numbers of deaths among the vaccinated and unvaccinated from the UK Health Security Agency is included in the Expose version, but not in the Mic Drop Politics article, which mentions only the ratio. We rate the , "COVID death rates 4 to 1, vaccinated to unvaxxed," .
Statement: One of the first nurses to receive the vaccine in AL is now dead.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 15, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: text posts and screenshots
Fact-check justification: RELATED:   Why you shouldn’t worry about getting Bell’s Palsy from the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine The FDA’s emergency-use authorization stipulates that Pfizer must report COVID-19 cases that result in death and "serious adverse events" to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, which is co-managed by the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "I can confirm that as of 4 p.m. ET today that VAERS has received no reports of death after COVID-19 vaccines," CDC spokesperson Kristen Nordlund said in a Dec. 16 email. The Facebook posts are . We rate them .
Statement: We in the Democratic Party had no input into the locations of these hearings, nor did we have input into the process.
Speaker: robert brown
About the speaker: Robert Brown, a Democrat from Macon, is a Georgia state senator.
Date: May 17, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: redistricting
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: As for Brown’s point about being left out of the process, his argument is based on not being asked to speak at the hearings and how Seabaugh has asked other lawmakers for input. Seabaugh did ask lawmakers not to ask or answer questions. Seabaugh has written letters to lawmakers asking them for their ideas or concerns about reapportionment. Brown’s  and argument ignore some critical facts we believe will give the casual reader a different impression of this issue. We rate his  .
Statement: President Ronald Reagan sent troops into conflict "only in one circumstance, which was in Grenada … We were in a peacekeeping setting in Lebanon.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: July 29, 2012
Location: national
Topics: history;foreign policy;military
Context: an interview on 'Face the Nation.'
Fact-check justification: Romney said the U.S. stayed out of conflict settings under Reagan, except once in Grenada. Romney put Lebanon in a separate category of "a peacekeeping setting." The record shows multiple military engagements and a large loss of life in Lebanon. Reagan was wary of the actual use of troops, but he did not stick to that as much as Romney suggests. Romney may have been thinking of long-term deployments, but he spoke only of whether American soldiers were placed into conflict settings which did take place. We rate the statement .
Statement: Much more than 50 percent of parents out there are spankers.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 17, 2014
Topics: families;punditfact
Context: an interview on ESPN's "Mike and Mike"
Fact-check justification: Speaking about the Peterson case, Trump said that much more than 50 percent of parents are spankers. In this fact-check, we’re not judging whether spanking is akin to what Peterson did, we’re simply verifying Trump’s statistic. He’s close. We found two polls that put the fraction a bit over half, rather than "much more." But that aside, Trump is largely correct within a broad definition of spanking. We rate the  .
Statement: Work requirements "have been proven to help impoverished families move from dependency to self-sufficiency.
Speaker: heartland institute
About the speaker: The Heartland Institute is a free-market think tank.
Date: January 22, 2018
Topics: medicaid;welfare;punditfact
Context: The Hill
Fact-check justification: The Heartland Institute said that work requirements "have been proven to help impoverished families move from dependency to self-sufficiency." Moving up the economic ladder is a complicated matter that hinges on the individual, the strength of the job market and a number of government policies that help make work pay. Work requirements might help in some instances, but the data also show that they leave some families worse off. The Heartland op-ed casts the policy as an unalloyed boost towards financial independence and that often is not the case. There’s an element of  in the statement, but the research overall doesn’t back it up. The most inclusive, long-term research shows that requiring work in order to get government benefits reduces the use of benefits and increases employment. It does not, however, reliably produce enough income gains to lift people out of poverty or free them from reliance on other government assistance. We rate this  .
Statement: Says the NAACP's Ohio chapter has endorsed Issue 2.
Speaker: voters first ohio
About the speaker: Voters First Ohio supports an amendment to the Ohio Constitution that would overhaul the way boundaries are drawn for congressional and legislative districts. It is led by the League of Women Voters and supported by a broad coalition of groups and people. 
Date: September 25, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: elections;redistricting
Context: a news story
Fact-check justification: Voters First’s statement that the NAACP endorses the redistricting proposal contains an element of . The Ohio Conference NAACP president says there is support for changing the system for redistricting. But the organization also has concerns about the impact Issue 2 could have on black political representation, and it has not formally endorsed Issue 2. Those are critical facts absent from the Voters First  that would give a different impression. On the -O-Meter, the  rates .
Statement: All US citizens are entitled to $700 USD per week to stay at home to avoid the spread of COVID-19 novel coronavirus, starting from March 17.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 17, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .)   It directs readers to a link, saying they should read the "full article here on how to " the money. But the link leads to an image of a gorilla giving the middle finger.   Here’s another F-word. We rate this post .
Statement: Says she's "tried over 100 jury cases in Travis County courts.
Speaker: mindy montford
About the speaker: Mindy Montford, who sought the 2010 Democratic nomination to be the judge for Travis County's 299th state district court, is an attorney in private practice. She sought the party's nod for Travis County district attorney in 2008. She's been an assistant district attorney for Travis and Harris counties.
Date: February 22, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: The DA's list is even shorter, prompting us to presume just 62 Montford jury trials in the county. In both counts, we take Montford at her word that she handled a single jury trial as a private lawyer. Even if the DA's office failed to count a few Montford trials, it wouldn't be enough to make her statement accurate, though Montford's trials confirmed by Travis and Harris counties plus the one she says she had in private practice add up to 98, which is close to 100. Montford owned up; we agree her mailer was . We rate her statement as .
Statement: Says over 25 percent of the Texas budget funds services to non-U.S. citizens.
Speaker: kathie glass
About the speaker: Kathie Glass, a Georgia native, was the 2010 Libertarian candidate for governor. She moved to Texas on July 7, 1977 and got involved in the Libertarian Party in 1978, according to her campaign website. She ran for attorney general of Texas in 1982.
Date: October 19, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;economy
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: A 2009 analysis by an anti-illegal immigration group pegs the cost of services to illegal immigrants at a figure that's about 7 percent of the state's budget -- up to $12 billion over two years, well short of the $45 billion suggested by Glass. And the only relevant state agency report we found said that state revenue from illegal immigrants exceeded what they cost the state budget in fiscal 2005. Significantly, there's a paucity of information on which to ground such estimates. Regardless, we rate the statement so far off, it's . !
Statement: Says Joe Straus "was co-author of a bill that would have allowed Planned Parenthood to control public school sex education.
Speaker: donna garner
About the speaker: Donna Garner is a retired teacher and an education activist.
Date: December 9, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: education;health care
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: "If Planned Parenthood (working through an elected official) has control and/or influence over changes to our statewide law governing how sex education is taught, changes that result in a version of sex education and related women's services that Planned Parenthood desires, approves of, and lobbies for, then they effectively have control of public sex education," he said in a statement. Our finding: In 2007, Straus co-authored a measure intended to promote family planning and to ensure that school districts that teach sex education spell out the effectiveness of contraceptives when used properly and not. Planned Parenthood supported the proposal and worked on the bill with Strama's office, but even if it had passed, it would not have changed the state-mandated, pro-abstinence focus on sex education in Texas schools. Garner can argue that legislation would have changed the education code to align more with Planned Parenthood's values than her own, but to say that it would have put the organization at the helm of sex education in public schools is an over-the-top . We rate her statement as .
Statement: Since 2008, U.S. crude oil output has increased by over 80 percent, an increase of over 4 million barrels a day. That is the fastest increase in U.S. history.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: September 29, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: energy
Context: his energy plan
Fact-check justification: Bush said, "Since 2008, U.S. crude oil output has increased by over 80 percent, an increase of over 4 million barrels a day. That is the fastest increase in U.S. history." That’s accurate, as high prices and new extraction methods have led to a significant increase in the amount of crude oil the country produces. Depending on how you calculate it, production has gone up 83 percent through July, or 88 percent if you use the current 2015 average. Production is currently dipping downward, but it’s easily the fastest increase in a seven-year span in U.S. history. We rate Bush’s statement .
Statement: Send your postcards to 5 key states to decertify fraud" in the 2020 election.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 3, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: national;elections;wisconsin;pennsylvania;michigan;arizona
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post invites people to "send your postcards to 5 key states to decertify fraud" in the 2020 election. People can send the postcards, but it won’t have the impact they want because there is no such thing as decertifying the election.  States have certified the 2020 election results. There is no  that widespread fraud occurred. We rate this statement . PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this fact-check. RELATED : GOP lawmaker’s proposal to decertify Arizona election won’t change anything about 2020 RELATED : A coalition of ‘stop the steal’ Republicans aims to take control of US elections. QAnon is helping RELATED : All of our fact-checks about elections
Statement: As an example of voter fraud, "we have literally 9,000 people who voted in this election (in Nevada) who don't live in Nevada.
Speaker: matt schlapp
About the speaker: Matt Schlapp is chairman of the American Conservative Union.
Date: November 8, 2020
Location: nevada
Topics: elections
Context: a Fox News appearance
Fact-check justification: Schlapp claimed that as an example of voter fraud, "we have literally 9,000 people who voted in this election (in Nevada) who don’t live in Nevada." Schlapp has acknowledged that his 9,000 figure is not a literal count of illegal out-of-state voters. It is a speculative estimate he came up with based on a list of 3,062 individuals produced by the Trump campaign — a list that had its own problems.  The original list included military personnel in its count and did not establish that any of the people it identified were actually ineligible to vote in Nevada. The burden of proof is on the speaker, and Schlapp has provided no credible  to substantiate his .  We rate this statement ! This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Says Rick Perry is "spending more money than the state takes in, covering his deficits with record borrowing.
Speaker: keep conservatives united
About the speaker: Keep Conservatives United, a super-PAC favoring U.S. Rep. Michele Bachmann for president, says on its web site that it's an independent committtee to "elect an honest conservative" as president.
Date: September 1, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: deficit;state budget
Context: an online video ad
Fact-check justification: The two-year budget adopted by lawmakers and signed into law by Perry was required to balance--and there’s no indication that it no longer does. The ad’s statement--casting the sale of short-term notes as covering Perry’s deficits--misrepresents a routine annual sale. This is worse than . It’s . !
Statement: 47 percent of Americans "can't pay for an unexpected $400 expense through savings or credit cards, without selling something or borrowing money.
Speaker: hunter schwarz
About the speaker: Hunter Scwarz is a reporter for the Washington Post.
Date: June 8, 2015
Topics: economy;income;punditfact
Context: a "Washington Post" article
Fact-check justification: Schwarz said 47 percent of Americans can’t pay for an unexpected $400 expense through savings or credit cards, without selling something or borrowing money. The only caveat here, and it’s a very minor one, is that figure represents the number of people who say they can’t make that payment, based on a Federal Reserve Board survey. The Federal Reserve Board results are in line with a similar study and related research. We rate the  .
Statement: Says his time away from Washington coincides with a "long planned renovation" for the White House.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 7, 2017
Location: national
Topics: ethics;history;housing;recreation
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: And following a week of flash floods in Washington (as well as frequent discussion of leaks to the press), they’re addressing ceiling leaks in the Lower Press area. Our rating Trump said the White House was going "through long planned renovation." The HVAC system upheaval keeping him and his staff out of the West Wing has been in the planning since 2014, while other typical White House refurbishments like carpet replacement and repainting have been put off since the inauguration. Presidents typically take an August recess and relocate to Blair House if more time is necessary, so we see nothing out of the ordinary in Trump’s tweet. We rate this statement .