chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: I belong to the AFL-CIO.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: January 9, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;labor
Context: Texas Public Policy Foundation policy orientation
Fact-check justification: Perry said he’s a member of the AFL-CIO. Since 2006, Perry has been a member of the Screen Actors Guild, which is part of the AFL-CIO. We rate his  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Donald Trump's health care policies have "left millions more Americans uninsured since he took office.
Speaker: julián castro
About the speaker: Julián Castro is a former U.S. secretary of Housing & Urban Development. He was the youngest member of Barack Obama’s cabinet, serving from 2014 to 2017. Just before he became secretary of HUD, he was the mayor of San Antonio, elected in 2009. Castro received a bachelor’s degree in political science and communications from Stanford University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on Jan. 2, 2020.
Date: March 26, 2019
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Castro said that millions more people are uninsured as a result of Trump’s policies. One poll did estimate a jump of 7 million people without health insurance. But the most trusted government survey found a smaller increase of 1.3 million. Whatever the role of Republican policies, there’s broad agreement that the number has gone up. Castro said it was millions. The best data says it’s closer to 1.3 million. Castro has the trend right, but the numbers don’t quite back him up on the specifics. We rate this  .
Statement: The five economic indicators that the federal government tracks - for the first time since August 2006 - were positive this October.
Speaker: lincoln chafee
About the speaker: Lincoln Chafee is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He served one four-year term as Rhode Island's governor, beginning on Jan. 4, 2011. He was the first Independent to be elected to that office. He subsequently became a Democrat. As a Republican, he served as mayor of Warwick from 1992 to 1999, when he was appointed to the U.S. Senate following the death of his father, Sen. John H. Chafee. He was elected to a full Senate term in 2000. He is married with three children. In April 2015 he formed an exploratory committee to consider running for President.
Date: December 1, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy
Context: a newspaper interview
Fact-check justification: Governor Chafee said five economic indicators tracked by the federal government went up in October, the first time they’ve done so in the same month in six years. Regardless of whether you believe the state has finally turned the economic corner, he got the facts right. We find his statement .   (If you have a  you’d like us to check, e-mail us at [email protected] . And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Says "Hillary Clinton's plan would bring in 620,000 refugees in her first term, alone, with no effective way to screen or vet them. Her plan would cost $400 billion in terms of lifetime welfare and entitlement costs.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 20, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: North Carolina
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Altogether, Hillary Clinton's plan would bring in 620,000 refugees in her first term, alone, with no effective way to screen or vet them. Her plan would cost $400 billion in terms of lifetime welfare and entitlement costs." Clinton has not said she would bring anywhere near that number; that’s an extrapolation put together by the Trump campaign. Additionally, there are established protocols for screening and vetting refugees. Finally, the $400 billion figure only looks at potential benefits refugees might draw on without considering their economic output or taxes they might pay. Overall, we rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: Let's say (Republicans) take away half of our delegates. They're worth more than Iowa's, New Hampshire's and almost South Carolina's combined.
Speaker: will weatherford
About the speaker: State Rep. Will Weatherford, R-Wesley Chapel, is Florida's Speaker of the House for 2013-14.
Date: July 5, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: an interview with the "St. Petersburg Times" editorial board
Fact-check justification: So where does this leave us? Weatherford was on safer ground when he based his  on 2008 delegate counts. But the 2012 numbers will be different, first because they've yet to be set, and second because delegations for New Hampshire and South Carolina will return to full strength. Meanwhile, Weatherford's underlying point, that Florida's delegate count will add heft to the winning candidate even if it's penalized, is  — and for more reasons than he gave. While we would have preferred he had gotten his delegate math right — and mentioned the "winner take all" nature of Florida's primary — we still rate his statement .
Statement: NASA study says snake plants can produce enough oxygen for humans to live in a sealed room.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 10, 2021
Topics: science;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that according to a NASA study, six to eight snake plants could produce enough oxygen to keep humans alive in a room with no airflow.  We found no  to support that . A 1989 NASA study found that snake plants could remove certain toxins from small sealed spaces under certain conditions. But it did not examine whether snake plants would be able to keep humans alive in sealed rooms. Other researchers have questioned the NASA study’s findings and found that relying on plants is an impractical way of cleaning indoor air.  We rate this  .
Statement: NAVY SEALs raid cargo ship full of smuggled children.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 10, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  A disclaimer on the Real Raw News "About Us" page says the website contains "humor, parody and satire," yet Baxter, which is not the writer’s real name, has defended the accuracy of his writings dozens of times in the comments sections on various articles. We found no other credible sources to corroborate the claims in this story. There are no news or government reports, though we found plenty of fact - checks debunking the tale. A spokesperson for the Navy told USA Today that the story is .    We rate this post .
Statement: Had the online change of address been in place in 2008 an estimated 130,000 voters who cast provisional ballots could have changed their address online and voted a regular ballot.
Speaker: jon husted
About the speaker: Jon Husted is running as Mike DeWine's running mate for the 2018 Republican primary for governor. Husted was elected Ohio secretary of state in 2010. He previously was a state senator from Ohio's 6th district and served two terms as speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives.
Date: September 17, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: elections
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: So where does that leave Husted’s ? An independent expert backed the methodology Husted used to come up with the figure of 130,000, and the statement describes that as an estimate. But the figure assumes all people would have taken advantage of the online address change, which is not certain. That’s additional information that provides clarification.. On the -O-Meter, Husted’s  rates .
Statement: Hispanic entrepreneurs, those who have immigrated from Spanish-speaking countries, often start three times as many businesses as white males.
Speaker: chris king
About the speaker: Chris King is the founder and CEO of Elevation Financial Group, which creates affordable housing for seniors and families in the Southeast United States. He lost the Florida Democratic primary for governor in 2018.
Date: October 28, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: a response during the Democratic Forum
Fact-check justification: King said, "Hispanic entrepreneurs, those who have immigrated from Spanish speaking countries, often start three times as many businesses as white males." King’s campaign was referring to the rate of growth in the number of businesses started by these demographics. Whether looking at just Hispanic immigrants or Hispanic entrepreneurs, King has a point. The overall trend — that Hispanic-owned businesses are popping up faster than white non-Hispanic demographics — is correct. The growth rate from 2014 to 2015 for Hispanic-owned businesses was more than three times as much as the growth rate for non-Hispanic whites. Comparing the number of all Hispanic entrepreneurs to white men entrepreneurs is somewhat imperfect, as the tally of businesses owned by white men could be inflated by the businesses started by Hispanics who identify as white. We rate this  .
Statement: Most Americans favor keeping Title 42 in place.
Speaker: thom tillis
About the speaker: Thom Tillis is a Republican who serves as U.S. Senator from North Carolina.
Date: April 7, 2022
Location: north carolina
Topics: immigration
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Tillis said "Most Americans favor keeping Title 42 in place." One poll of 2,003 registered voters found that 56% of them want to keep Title 42 in place. However, polling experts say the phrasing of the question wasn’t ideal in that it invoked the names of Trump and Biden. Another poll, which did not use such names, found that 52% of respondents opposed Title 42. Tillis’s statement has some  to it but lacks key information about the issue that would leave a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: No economist out there is projecting that (the Build Back Better bill) will have a negative impact on inflation.
Speaker: jen psaki
About the speaker: Jen Psaki is the White House press secretary under Preisdent Joe Biden.
Date: November 15, 2021
Topics: economy;federal budget
Context: a White House press briefing
Fact-check justification: Psaki said, "No economist out there is projecting that (the Build Back Better bill) will have a negative impact on inflation." She’s  to say that no economist foresees inflation as a result of the bill’s passage. Numerous economists, including some allies of the White House, have gone on the record saying there probably will be inflationary effects, especially in the near term, if the bill is passed.  However, the broad consensus among analysts has been that the bill’s inflationary impact will be modest and brief. We rate the statement .
Statement: New Jersey taxpayers … will now face the highest tolls in the country.
Speaker: steve lonegan
About the speaker: The former mayor of Bogota in Bergen County, Steve Lonegan is the New Jersey director of Americans for Prosperity, a conservative advocacy group. Lonegan ran unsuccessfully in 2005 and 2009 for the Republican nomination for governor.
 
Date: December 27, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: transportation
Context: an email newsletter
Fact-check justification: With a toll hike on the Parkway and Turnpike, New Jersey now has "the highest tolls in the country," according to Lonegan. Lonegan argued that New Jersey’s toll burden is greater than the rest of the country. But he said "highest tolls" in his newsletter and there are other roads charging more per mile for drivers to head out on the highway. We rate the  . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney said he does not "line up with the NRA.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: February 23, 2012
Location: national
Topics: message machine 2012;guns
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Santorum’s ad flashes a quote from Romney saying "I don’t line up with the National Rifle Association." The quote is accurate, though it omits the fact that Romney spoke those words 18 years ago and used them to describe his position on a single issue. Romney clearly has shifted his position on the issue of gun rights to align himself more closely with the NRA. For one thing, he became a member. And in campaigns subsequent to that 1994 senatorial bid, he has emphasized his work in favor of gun ownership rather than on tightening laws. But when Romney addressed the issue in 2007, he did not contradict what he said in 1994. "I support the work of the NRA, I’m a member of the NRA. But do we line up on every issue? No, we don’t," he told Tim Russert. What else? He signed an assault weapons ban opposed by the NRA as Massachusetts governor. We rate the statement .
Statement: Fundamental changes made to the language describing the Wisconsin Idea in the University of Wisconsin System's mission statement were the result of a "drafting error.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: February 4, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;public service;state budget
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: His original  was not only , but . . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel’s web page . This item was revised on Feb. 6, 2015, so that it refers to a budget analyst in Walker's Department of Administration, rather than a Walker administration official.   ------ More on Scott Walker For profiles and stories on Scott Walker and 2016 presidential politics, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel's Scott Walker page .
Statement: Forty-six states have a line-item veto for the governor.
Speaker: lincoln chafee
About the speaker: Lincoln Chafee is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He served one four-year term as Rhode Island's governor, beginning on Jan. 4, 2011. He was the first Independent to be elected to that office. He subsequently became a Democrat. As a Republican, he served as mayor of Warwick from 1992 to 1999, when he was appointed to the U.S. Senate following the death of his father, Sen. John H. Chafee. He was elected to a full Senate term in 2000. He is married with three children. In April 2015 he formed an exploratory committee to consider running for President.
Date: September 22, 2013
Location: rhode island
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Governor Lincoln Chafee said governors in 46 states have line-item veto power. But a definitive and up-to-date source, The Book of the States, says 44 have it. He is very close. The judges rate his  .
Statement: Trump signs Insurrection Act - General Flynn to be appointed vice president.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 10, 2021
Location: national
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: Several posts online  that Trump has invoked the Insurrection Act, and a video blog says Michael Flynn will serve as vice president. This is not supported by . Trump has not issued the proclamation required before he can use the powers of the act and he signaled on Jan. 7 that he will support a transition of power.  We rate this .
Statement: Says Ann Coulter said, "I am a settler. I am descended from settlers — not from immigrants.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 3, 2018
Topics: corrections and updates;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: While Coulter’s mother’s side can be traced back to colonialism, Smolenyak wrote that Coulter’s paternal ancestors came to America two centuries later than the first Europeans — a stretch for fitting the definition of "settler." We're not judging whether it's accurate for Coulter to call herself a settler. We're just confirming that she described herself as such. The Facebook meme quotes Coulter accurately. We rate this  .
Statement: What (the Obama administration is) going to come out with in the next several months is you're not even going to be able to burn coal very limitedly in the existing plants.
Speaker: shelley moore capito
About the speaker: Shelley Moore Capito is a U.S. Representative from West Virginia and a Republican candidate for U.S. Senate.
Date: July 29, 2014
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;energy;government regulation
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Capito said "What (Obama is) going to come out with in the next several months is you're not even going to be able to burn coal very limitedly in the existing plants." The proposal Capito is referring to is an EPA plan to cut carbon emissions in existing power plants. Those rules do not prohibit current facilities from burning coal, and even Capito’s spokeswoman said the rule "doesn't mean that every plant has to close." Some facilities will close down within the next decade, but many of those plants were scheduled to be retired anyway due to age and other factors. States and power companies have options to continue to utilize coal for energy, and experts said they expect coal to remain part of the national portfolio for years to come. We rate Capito’s  .
Statement: COVID-19 vaccinations are "a violation of the Nuremberg code.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 16, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that COVID-19 vaccinations are "a violation of the Nuremberg code." One of the Nuremberg principles is that humans should not be subject to medical experiments without their voluntary consent. The vaccines have been tested in clinical trials with people who gave their consent. The post is also based on the premise that COVID-19 vaccinations are medical experiments and that’s not , an expert told us. We rate this  .
Statement: I'm the only candidate on this stage who has actually cut taxes.
Speaker: joel giambra
About the speaker: Joel Giambra is a former county executive of Erie County. He was a Republican candidate for New York governor in 2018. Giambra dropped his bid for the Republican nomination, but said he would seek a third party line in the race.
Date: February 10, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: taxes
Context: a Republican debate for governor
Fact-check justification: Giambra said he is the only Republican gubernatorial candidate "who has actually cut taxes." It's  he's the only candidate in the race who has done that in an executive office. But he did not make that distinction in the debate. The two other candidates have not held an executive office. It's worth noting Giambra did not cut those Erie County property taxes alone. County lawmakers approved the budgets he proposed. He’s not the only candidate with experience cutting taxes. DeFrancisco was a leader in the Senate when the chamber voted to approve a handful of tax cuts since 2011. The tax cuts would not have happened without senators like him voting for them.  Giambra’s statement is not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Per-student K-12 state funding for Portland Public Schools has dipped from $6,036 in the 2007-2008 school year to $5,644 in the 2010-2011 school year
Speaker: portland public schools
About the speaker: Portland Public Schools is Oregon's largest school district.
Date: April 15, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: education
Context: a mailer
Fact-check justification: Still, it’d probably be most accurate to say it’s dropped from approximately $7,700 to $7,230 -- if we’re talking strictly state dollars. And it’d be even more honest to point out that the state got an assist during bad times in the form of the stimulus, especially given those federal dollars were disbursed via the state school fund formula, which is what the graph claims to show. All things considered, this seems like a statement that is partially accurate but in need of some context. We’ll rate it . Comment on this item.
Statement: 60 million Americans live in a place where the water they drink is unsafe.
Speaker: beto o'rourke
About the speaker: Beto O’Rourke is a former representative of Texas’s 16th Congressional District. He represented the district from 2013 until 2019, when he gave up his seat to run a senate campaign against incumbent Ted Cruz, which O’Rourke lost. He received a bachelor’s degree in English literature from Columbia University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: April 29, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: climate change;infrastructure;public health;water
Context: climate change plan
Fact-check justification: O’Rourke said that "60 million Americans live in a place where the water they drink is unsafe." Overall, it’s difficult to say how many people in the United States have unsafe drinking water. The EPA said about 22 million people were served by community water systems with reported health-based violations in fiscal 2017. But the EPA could not determine how many people actually received water in violation. The agency also said that some violations can be as brief as an hour. O’Rourke’s  is an imprecise interpretation of a complicated report by News21. News21 said that as many as 63 million people were exposed to potentially unsafe water more than once during a 10-year period starting in 2007. That doesn’t necessarily mean all currently have unsafe water, as O’Rourke concluded. Moreover, experts said that monitoring and reporting violations are important, but do not directly indicate water safety. O’Rourke’s statement is more definitive than the data available and than the report on which he based his . We rate his  .