chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Donald Trump said, "The doctors said they've never seen a body kill the coronavirus like my body. They tested my DNA and it wasn't DNA. It was USA.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 6, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Don’t let it dominate your life. "   But there’s no  he said doctors found "USA" instead of DNA in his cells. Trump has not said "DNA" since Jan. 6, 2020, while chatting with Rush Limbaugh, according to Factba.se , which maintains an archive of Trump’s tweets and transcripts of his interviews and speeches. We rate this post .
Statement: Says Sen. Tammy Baldwin "claims to support a 'Buy America' philosophy, but her actions speak louder than her empty words.
Speaker: leah vukmir
About the speaker: Republican Leah Vukmir was elected to the Wisconsin state Senate in 2010, representing a suburban Milwaukee district. She served in the state Assembly from 2002 to 2008. She lost a bid for the U.S. Senate in 2018.
Date: January 25, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;trade
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: Our rating Vukmir said Baldwin "claims to support a ‘Buy American’ philosophy, but her actions speak louder than her empty words." Vukmir cited several broad matters that relate to the economy, but none that specifically applied to undermining Buy American initiatives. Meanwhile, Baldwin has been engaged with other "Buy American" actions. Indeed, at times her views seem to align with Trump’s "America First" policies. We rate Vukmir’s  .
Statement: So far this year, more students have been killed in schools than soldiers in combat zones.
Speaker: gwen graham
About the speaker: Gwen Graham lost the Democratic primary for governor in Florida in 2018. She won Florida's second district seat in the U.S. House in 2014 and served for one term. She is the daughter of former Florida Gov. Bob Graham.
Date: May 18, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: children;military;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Graham wrote, "So far this year, more students have been killed in schools than soldiers in combat zones." On the numbers, she is right. This year at least, within Graham’s stated parameters, exactly twice as many students have died in school shootings than military personnel have died in combat zones. It is important to know, however, the likelihood of being killed in a combat zone is still vastly higher than it is in a school. The statement is accurate but needs additional information. That meets our definition of .
Statement: Contends that President Obama "literally said (if) his cap-and-trade proposals were to pass, that utility rates, his words now, would, 'necessarily skyrocket.'
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: June 10, 2009
Location: national
Topics: climate change;energy
Context: MSNBC interview
Fact-check justification: In theory, this approach should reduce costs to consumers. Furthermore, revenue from auctioned permits will help consumers pay for increased energy prices, according to Obama's first budget. Despite those potential cost cuts, there's still little disagreement that consumers will pay for cap-and-trade, whether it's $3,100 a year or $340. Because that hasn't changed since Obama first said that utility rates would "necessarily skyrocket," and because Pence got Obama's words just right, we give Pence a . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/6ffafdf4-5637-4e52-8ff3-7d5f0ecab7f6
Statement: Breaking! Terrorist attacks Trumps at Mar A Lago.
Speaker: the trump talks
About the speaker: The Trump Talks is a pro-President Donald Trump website.
Date: April 2, 2018
Topics: crime;terrorism;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: We didn’t get much information about the incident from either entity. A Secret Service spokesman referred PolitiFact to the sheriff’s office, and a spokeswoman for the sheriff’s office referred PolitiFact to the Secret Service because it is the lead investigative agency. A headline said that "terrorist attacks Trumps at Mar A Lago" creating a  impression that terrorism occurred targeting Trump and his family. What actually happened involved was a less nefarious case of red-hued vandalism -- not terrorism. We rate this  . '
Statement: The labor force participation rate -- the share of the potential workforce that is actually working or looking for work-- currently stands below 63%, the lowest level since the 1970s.
Speaker: dave brat
About the speaker: Dave Brat represents Virginia's 7th Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives. He was first elected to the seat in 2014 after pulling of a stunning upset of Majority Leader Eric Cantor in a Republican Primary. He is active in the Freedom Caucus, a conservative wing of Republican congressmen.
Prior to Congress, Brat was chairman of the business and economics department at Randolph-Macon College. 
Brat, a midwestern native, has obtained a Masters in Divinity from Princeton Theological Seminary and a Ph.D. in economics from American University. He began teaching at Randolph-Macon in 1996.
Brat served two Governors on the Joint Advisory Board of Economists. He was president of the Virginia Association of Economists.
Date: May 24, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Brat said the labor force participation rate "currently stands below 63%, the lowest level since the 1970s." His percentage is right, and the congressman is correct that the rate of potential workers in the labor force has been hovering near a four-decade low since the start of 2014. Our one minor quibble is that the actual low point occurred in September 2015, when the labor participation rate fell to 62.4 percent. It’s been slightly higher this year. Still, we rate Brat’s statement .
Statement: Says his parents "came to America following Fidel Castro's takeover" of Cuba.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: October 21, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;candidate biography
Context: a biography on his U.S. Senate website
Fact-check justification: Several times during his race for U.S. Senate, Rubio told reporters and voters his parents left Cuba in 1959, suggesting they had fled Castro's rule. In his campaign bio, and later in his official Senate biography, he said his parents "came to America following Fidel Castro's takeover." Even after he stumbled over dates with a Miami Herald reporter and acknowledged his parents left before the revolution, his official Web bio stayed the same. After two news organizations reported his parents moved to the United States in 1956, his spokesman acknowledged that the bio was . It was updated to say, "Marco was born in Miami in 1971 to Cuban exiles who first arrived in the United States in 1956." That puts everyone in agreement: The original statement is .
Statement: Says Barack Obama "began his presidency going on a worldwide apology tour.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: January 12, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: foreign policy
Context: a U.S. Senate debate hosted by Empower Texans and the Texas Public Policy Foundation
Fact-check justification:     Obama made no secret during the campaign that he intended to set a different course on foreign policy than Bush -- a committed unilateralist -- had pursued.     Yet it’s  to portray these early speeches as part of a global apology tour. Using this standard, you could argue that any change in foreign policy that’s undertaken after a presidential transition and announced to the world would constitute an "apology" for the previous policy.     Obama's speeches contained criticisms of past U.S. actions, but not one full-throated apology. Cruz’s debate  is so far off the mark, it’s . !
Statement: To abide by Environmental Protection Agency rules when mining or drilling you have "to take caution not to disturb bodies of water barely bigger than a puddle.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: October 16, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: environment;regulation;water
Context: a written speech
Fact-check justification: Rubio said that to abide by EPA rules when mining or drilling you have "to take caution not to disturb bodies of water  bigger than a puddle." A new final rule -- currently on hold due to lawsuits -- does seek to clarify what types of bodies of water the EPA can oversee through the Clean Water Act. But the rule explicitly excludes puddles, along with most ditches and ornamental bodies of water. In addition, the key factor for determining Clean Water Act jurisdiction is how connected a body of water is, not how big or small it is. To the extent that a puddle, or something slightly larger, shouldn’t be a "significant" contributor to bigger, navigable waters located far away -- a standard set by the 2006 Supreme Court decision -- it should not be subject to regulation under the new rule. This issue remains in litigation, but the best  we have collected suggests that Rubio’s  is at least significantly exaggerated. We rate it .
Statement: Says Matt Bevin has repeatedly failed to pay his taxes.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: August 5, 2013
Location: national
Topics: ethics;taxes
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The McConnell campaign ad paints a picture of Matt Bevin as a man with a track record of unpaid taxes. The  is based on back taxes owed by a bell-making company in Connecticut that was owned by members of the Bevin family, and Bevin’s failure to pay taxes on a vacation house in Maine. With the bell maker, based on the paper trail and interviews, it’s reasonable to conclude that the company was in financial trouble before Bevin was deeply involved. We don’t know all the details of Bevin’s management role, but the town credits him for helping the firm pay its tax bills and later, keeping the business afloat. McConnell’s team says this was Bevin’s business and he was responsible for its failure to pay taxes. But the weight of  says he inherited the tax liabilities; the town doesn’t hold him responsible for the nonpayment of taxes, and in fact, regards him in exactly the opposite light. This makes it difficult to see where the McConnell  holds up.   As for the house in Maine, Bevin showed a lapse in overseeing the property tax payments, but the change in mortgage companies at a time when the lender was headed toward bankruptcy is a significant factor. According to local officials, Bevin took the initiative to correct the problem. In both cases, there is a slim element of  but the rest of the facts paint a very different picture. We rate the  .
Statement: A third of the budget for the city of Ferguson (Missouri) was being reaped by civil fines.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: January 28, 2016
Location: national
Topics: city budget;civil rights;criminal justice;crime;public safety;urban
Context: a Republican debate
Fact-check justification: Paul asserted during the Republican debate that, "A third of the budget for the city of Ferguson (Mo.) was being reaped by civil fines." The  is clear that the city was heavily dependent on fines and fees for its revenue, and Paul's comments about the effect on residents is noted. But we found that Paul seriously overstated that reliance. It went as high as 16 percent in 2014 and was expected to drop to 7 percent the following year in reaction to public outrage. Because his statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it .
Statement: Fauci, DOD and CDC funded deadly pathogen research at Sudan lab
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: April 26, 2023
Topics: federal budget;public health
Context: a TikTok post
Fact-check justification: Our ruling  Citing a headline from a story on War Room, a TikTok video claimed that U.S. government agencies funded "deadly pathogen research" at a lab under siege in Sudan. But the activities War Room’s story cited concerned a laboratory in Juba, South Sudan, about 740 miles away from the lab in Khartoum, Sudan, which had been taken over during a military conflict.   U.S. agencies supported such things as laboratory infrastructure and staffing, as well as finding novel ways to detect cholera in a community.   Besides mixing up the labs, the website also misled about the work being done in South Sudan.   We rate this  .
Statement: Back door gun control is in full effect in the United States" due to "Obama's Environmental Protection Agency.
Speaker: allen west
About the speaker: Allen West announced in July 2021 that he is running for the Republican primary for Texas governor. He served for about a year as chairman of the Texas Republican Party, stepping down in June 2021. West represented Florida's 22nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013. Lieutenant Colonel West retired from the Army in 2004 after 22 years of service.
Date: December 2, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: environment;health care;public health;guns
Context: a blog on his website
Fact-check justification: West wrote that "back door gun control is in full effect in the United States" due "to Obama’s Environmental Protection Agency." But there is no  that it was a clandestine effort at back door gun control. Rather, the EPA’s settlement with Doe Run -- which concluded a case that began years before Obama was elected president -- had to do with emissions of a chemical that can cause serious injury and death to adults and children. And ammunition experts shot massive holes in the notion that the smelter’s closure would cut production, reduce supply or raise the cost of ammunition. !
Statement: We saw the true danger of the FCC's net neutrality repeal when Verizon was caught throttling California fire fighters.
Speaker: fight for the future
About the speaker: Fight for the Future is a nonprofit advocacy group that works on causes related to Internet freedom and privacy.
Date: August 28, 2018
Topics: fires;technology;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Fight for the Future said, "We saw the  danger of the FCC's net neutrality repeal when Verizon was caught throttling California fire fighters." Under net neutrality, the firefighters could have filed a complaint against Verizon to the FCC, which at the very least would have launched an investigation, experts said. Repeal of the rules removed that avenue, thereby sidelining the FCC from serving as a "cop on the beat." However, the firefighters’ service plan permitted the kind of speed restrictions that were allowed under the old rules. So the company did not violate net neutrality’s no-throttling rule. The  is partially accurate but leaves out important context. We rate this .
Statement: Six justices" on the U.S. Supreme Court have been "confirmed in presidential election years since 1912.
Speaker: mike honda
About the speaker: Mike Honda is a Democrat representing a California district in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Date: March 16, 2016
Location: national
Topics: history;supreme court
Context: a column posted on Medium
Fact-check justification: The graphic Honda used said that "six justices" on the U.S. Supreme Court have been "confirmed in presidential election years since 1912." That is correct, so we rate the statement .
Statement: I've supported every investigation (into Hurricane Katrina) and ways of finding out how – what caused the tragedy. I've met with people on the ground. I've met with the governor.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: June 4, 2008
Location: national
Topics: bush administration;natural disasters 
Context: Baton Rouge, La
Fact-check justification: Though there are no accounts of McCain and Blanco meeting, McCain and Louisiana state officials did consult on hurricane-related matters, such as in late 2006, when he was a player in unsuccessful House-Senate negotiations over a water resources bill that took up how much oversight to apply to future Army Corps of Engineers projects. McCain clearly showed empathy over the government's response to the disaster and the scope of the damage. But he overlooked his participation in two outright Senate rejections of Democratic efforts to establish an independent Katrina commission, so we rate his  .      Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: The U.S. Department of Homeland Security warned that the SAVE "database is not a foolproof means of verifying (citizenship on) the voter rolls.
Speaker: league of women voters of florida
About the speaker: The League got its official start in Florida in 1939, when women in Winter Haven, Winter Park and St. Petersburg initiated the Florida League of Women Voters, following some earlier efforts.
Today, with 30 local Leagues statewide, members hold candidate forums, issue Voter Guides to help inform citizens on local races and ballot amendments, and sponsor public forums to encourage Florida's citizens and elected officials to broaden their understanding of key issues, while promoting engaged citizenship through an informed and active participation in government.
Date: October 10, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: The League of Women Voters in Florida said, "The U.S. Department of Homeland Security has already warned that this (SAVE) database is not a foolproof means of verifying the voter rolls." That warning is essentially what the federal government conveyed in a document that explains SAVE may not be able to show citizenship status for all voters. The document didn't use the literal word "foolproof" but that is the message that the feds tried to communicate to the state. SAVE is intended to show if someone is not a U.S. citizen -- it is not a full database of people who are citizens. A state elections official said that SAVE isn't "foolproof," but the state argues that it is the best available resource. We rate this  .
Statement: Facebook planted Frances Haugen as its own pretend whistleblower.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 5, 2021
Topics: technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: A viral image claimed that Facebook planted Haugen as a pretend whistleblower. PolitiFact found no  that Haugen was acting as a plant when she leaked documents to the Wall Street Journal, filed whistleblower complaints with the SEC, appeared on "60 Minutes" and testified before Congress. A Wall Street Journal spokesperson said the organization stands by its reporting related to Haugen, and Facebook denied "planting (its) own whistleblower." We rate the viral image !