chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Martin Luther King said our lives begin to end the day we become silent on things that matter.
Speaker: dan patrick
About the speaker: As a Houston state senator, Dan Patrick won election as lieutenant governor of Texas in November 2014 after earlier defeating incumbent David Dewhurst for his party's nomination. Patrick also has hosted a daily talk show on AM700 in Houston.
Date: January 5, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: civil rights;history
Context: remarks to reporters supporting legislation related to bathroom access
Fact-check justification: Per Patrick, King said our lives begin to end the day we become silent on things that matter. Patrick didn’t show nor did we confirm that King made this direct statement. Then again, Patrick didn’t specify he was quote-unquote directly quoting King while King in 1965 made a longer proclamation that might later have been paraphrased in the 14 words that Patrick and others including President Clinton ultimately attributed to the civil rights icon. On balance, we rate this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/16e3bd9a-178e-4bdc-abeb-23c969f4e0cc
Statement: The R.I. Turnpike and Bridge Authority "was supposed to exist only until the bonds used to build the Newport Bridge were paid off through tolls. Once the bonds were paid, the Newport Bridge was to be transferred to the State of Rhode Island and become toll-free.
Speaker: steven frias
About the speaker: Steven Frias, a lawyer, is Rhode Island's Republican national committeeman.
Date: August 14, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: history;infrastructure;legal issues;transportation
Context: a Providence Journal commentary
Fact-check justification: Steven Frias said that "When the Rhode Island Turnpike and Bridge Authority was first created in 1954, it was supposed to exist only until the bonds used to build the Newport Bridge were paid off through tolls. Once the bonds were paid, the Newport Bridge was to be transferred to the State of Rhode Island and become toll-free." The first sentence accurately characterizes the 1954 legislation. The big question is whether the bridge was supposed to eventually be toll-free. Despite what the public believed and Frias is inferring, there was no mandate in the 1954 legislation to end tolls on the Newport Bridge once the state took ownership. Perhaps other historians have additional  that will cause us to rethink our ruling. But for now, while most of Frias' statement is , the key element regarding tolls on the Newport Bridge is open to serious question. For that reason, we rule it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Austin mayoral candidate "Steve Adler admitted his law firm worked with Koch Industries for nearly a decade.
Speaker: mike martinez
About the speaker: Mike Martinez,a former firefighter and 2014 candidate for mayor of Austin, served multiple terms on the Austin City Council; her last term ended in early 2015.
Date: November 12, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;ethics;legal issues
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Martinez said Adler admitted his law firm worked with Koch Industries for nearly a decade. We’re not judging here whether the firm’s work means anything about Adler vis a vis the Koch brothers and their views. But Adler did say his firm did work for Koch for a number of years, though other lawyers and Koch say the advisory work occurred over a few years. Also, like Adler, they say Adler had no role. We rate Martinez's  -- which relies on Adler perhaps overstating the Koch activities -- .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The United States has a massive trade deficit with Japan. It's anywhere from $69 billion to a $100 billion a year.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 18, 2018
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;economy;foreign policy;trade
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "The United States has a massive trade deficit with Japan. It's anywhere from $69 billion to a $100 billion a year." The U.S. trade deficit with Japan is roughly $69 billion if you only look at the trade in goods. A more comprehensive figure that includes the balance of trade in services is even smaller, $56.1 billion. Either way, the $100 billion that Trump threw out is unsupported by the data. We rate the statement . CORRECTION : This version has corrected the size of the goods and services deficit with Japan. It is $56.1 billion, not $57.1 billion.
Statement: Eighty percent of the oil we're discovering, we're discovering in the deep Gulf" of Mexico.
Speaker: joe barton
About the speaker: Joe Barton is a Republican congressman from Texas. He was formerly the chairman of the House Energy and Commerce committee and served as that committee’s ranking member while the Democrats were in the House majority.
Date: August 19, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: energy
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: If Barton had talked about that instead, and clearly limited his geographical scope to the Gulf, he would have fared better on the -O-Meter. But those are big ifs. We rate his statement . Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: Says Stefani Carter "repeatedly used her campaign contributors' donations to rent margarita machines for our state house office.
Speaker: linda koop
About the speaker: Linda Koop is a former Dallas City Council member facing incumbent state Rep. Stefani Carter in the May 27, 2014, runoff election for the Republican nomination in the race to represent Carter's District 102 in northern Dallas County. According to her campaign biography, Koop and her family owned Dallas business National Shoes.
Date: February 25, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: alcohol;campaign finance;ethics;public service
Context: a campaign mail flier
Fact-check justification: Koop said Carter "repeatedly used her campaign contributors’ donations to rent margarita machines for our state house office." That’s misleadingly imprecise. Twice in four years, Carter reported spending campaign money to rent margarita machines for office staff parties; using the word "repeatedly" risks the misimpression that Capitol employees were downing margaritas every other weekend. We rate Koop’s  as .
Statement: 96% of U.S. climate data is corrupted.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 27, 2022
Topics: climate change;science;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A headline on Facebook claimed "96% of U.S. climate data is corrupted" because the NOAA’s temperature stations were purposefully placed "in man-made hot spots."  Although some temperature stations are not placed in ideal conditions, experts said they are there to provide a consistent historical record and added that the data is evaluated and adjusted for biases.  There is widespread consensus that annual global average temperatures are rising, experts said.  We rate this  . RELATED: Kilimanjaro’s ice fields didn’t disappear by 2020. That doesn’t mean climate change isn’t happening RELATED: What does extreme weather tell us about climate change?
Statement: No planes are visible in footage of the 9/11 attack.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 11, 2022
Topics: terrorism;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: At 8:52 a.m. one of the passengers called his father and said, "I think they’ve taken over the cockpit — an attendant has been stabbed — and someone else up front may have been killed. The plane is making strange moves. Call United AIrlines — tell them it’s Flight 175, Boston to LA. "  This Facebook post and video is not accurate and makes a  . That’s our definition for !
Statement: The American Medical Association rescinded a previous statement and now says "hydroxychloroquine is okay" for COVID-19.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: December 15, 2020
Topics: public health;pundits;facebook fact-checks;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: a radio show segment
Fact-check justification: The resolution was not adopted , however. The vote against the measure followed "fierce opposition," MedPage Today reported. The Published Reporter has amended the story Limbaugh cited with a correction in bolded font that said the resolution "was not accepted." Lead Stories also debunked the  claims. We rate Limbaugh’s  .
Statement: You can "reverse HIV naturally.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 25, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "The human body can’t get rid of HIV," HIV.gov plainly says on its site. Eating a healthy diet supports overall health, and helps people maintain their immune systems, according to the National Institutes of Health. And good nutrition also helps people with HIV maintain a healthy weight and absorb the medicines needed to keep the virus under control.   But it won’t reverse the virus.   We rate this post .
Statement: So this is just a way they're trying to steal the election, and everybody knows that. Because the only way they're going to win is by a rigged election.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 20, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: Scranton, Pa
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "So this is just a way they’re trying to steal the election, and everybody knows that. Because the only way they’re going to win is by a rigged election." An actual conspiracy to rig the results of a national election would require hundreds or thousands of people working together to commit felonies across many critical jurisdictions. Experts do not consider this feasible, nor do we. Meanwhile, Trump is an incumbent facing several ongoing challenges: a major pandemic, high unemployment, civic unrest and future uncertainty. Those are significant political hurdles that would be challenging for any president.  We rate this  .
Statement: Eight out of the nine states with competitive Senate races, Hispanics make up less than 10 percent of the electorate.
Speaker: chuck todd
About the speaker: Chuck Todd is a political analyst and reporter for NBC and MSNBC.
Date: September 7, 2014
Topics: elections;race and ethnicity;population;punditfact
Context: a comment on "Meet the Press."
Fact-check justification: Boxer and Feinstein are very safe, and Latinos are a large part of the story of why those two seats are safe, Romero said. The ruling Todd said, "Eight out of the nine states with competitive Senate races, Hispanics make up less than 10 percent of the electorate." Though there’s some deviation in the number of competitive states, nine seems like a pretty safe bet, and the number reported by a good portion of news sources. As for the share of Hispanic voting population, Todd is right on the money. We rate his  .
Statement: Says Gorilla Glue tweeted, "Do not use our products on your f------ hair.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 10, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "This is a unique situation because this product is not indicated for use in or on hair as it is considered permanent. Our spray adhesive states in the warning label, ‘do not swallow. Do not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing…’" The statement ended by wishing Brown well and saying Gorilla Glue was glad to see she had received medical treatment for her injuries. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Obama "changed the rules in Washington. Gone are the free gifts from lobbyists. Gone are the fancy airplane rides for nothing.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 30, 2008
Location: national
Topics: ethics
Context: a TV ad.
Fact-check justification: Though he supported the gift ban, he was not its most vocal backer. In 2007, he continued to push, unsuccessfully, for an independent ethics office and, with Democratic colleague Russ Feingold of Wisconsin, drafted the provision on corporate jets that was ultimately incorporated into the final bill. On that score, then, McCaskill is right. But to imply Obama was the leading force behind the 2007 ethics law goes too far. For that reason, we rate McCaskill's statement .
Statement: Blood "starts to clot in a minute or two" after a Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine injection.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 27, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Dr. Shruti Gohil, professor of infectious diseases at the University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, noted that "platelets and other clotting factors are naturally in our blood to help us stop bleeding when we get injured, so blood clots very easily naturally, unless you do something to make it not clot. "For example, even exposure to air will make your blood clot.   In fact, when we draw blood for testing we have to have special tubes with chemicals in them to keep your blood from clotting." But there is no indication that the Pfizer vaccine triggers any action that results in blood clots. We rate the Instagram post .
Statement: Last year we spent more than $40 billion on highways. And Lord knows we need that. But that's more than we spent on Amtrak in its entire 40-year history.
Speaker: frank lautenberg
About the speaker: Frank Lautenberg is a Democratic senator representing New Jersey.
Date: October 24, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: federal budget;transportation
Context: an article on NOLA.com
Fact-check justification: In an article about expanding rail routes and access in Louisiana, Lautenberg said Congress spent more than $40 billion on highways last year, more than has been spent on Amtrak in the national rail system’s 40-year history. The Federal Highway Administration confirmed the highway spending figure, as did Amtrak in a letter requesting $2.2 billion in federal assistance for its Fiscal Year 2012 budget. There’s nothing off the rails here. We rate this statement .  To comment on this story, go to  NJ.com .
Statement: ISIS is running through a border made porous by Barack Obama's policies.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: May 12, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;terrorism
Context: addressing the Republican Party of Texas state convention
Fact-check justification: Abbott said "ISIS is running through the border made porous by Barack Obama’s policies." We found no factual basis — Abbott offered none — to support the  that ISIS is "running through" the border. Other claims of ISIS forces marshaling on the U.S.-Mexico border have been debunked, and this one deserves the same fate. Border security itself has been stepped up, by the federal government and Texas, with apprehensions lately on the decline. Abbott’s  isn’t just , it’s . !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/aa18fda5-e0ce-4b44-816e-9e744b4cf3cf
Statement: Trump's Top Scientist Pick: 'Scientists Are Just Dumb Regular People That Think Dinosaurs Existed And The Earth Is Getting Warmer'
Speaker: uspoln website
About the speaker: A fake news website that describes itself as a news/satire site.
Date: May 20, 2017
Topics: agriculture;fake news;science;punditfact
Context: a post
Fact-check justification:  news website USPOLN.com said, "Trump’s Top Scientist Pick: ‘Scientists Are Just Dumb Regular People That Think Dinosaurs Existed And The Earth Is Getting Warmer’." The website borrows some information reported by a legitimate investigative journalism website, ProPublica, such as Sam Clovis reportedly being Trump’s pick for a top USDA job and details about his resume. But the post attributes  quotes to Clovis. USPOLN.com says its articles "should be considered satirical and any and all quotes attributed to actual people complete and total baloney." We rate the  !
Statement: Joe Biden "really did wipe away" student loan debt.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 2, 2021
Topics: education;facebook fact-checks
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: Among its provisions are $1,400 stimulus checks for most Americans, an unemployment insurance supplement of $400 per week and an increase in the federal minimum wage.   Student loan debt forgiveness is not mentioned in the plan. Neither loan forgiveness nor a payment pause were included in the December relief package. We can’t speak to what may have happened to the Facebook user’s student loan debt, but the post that credits Biden for wiping it away is . We rate it .
Statement: A Democratic bill negotiated between Sens. Joe Manchin and Chuck Schumer would "increase taxes on millions of Americans across every income bracket.
Speaker: adam laxalt
About the speaker: Adam Laxalt is the 2022 Republican nominee for U.S. Senate in Nevada. He served as Nevada's attorney general from 2014 to 2018 and ran for governor in 2018. He is the grandson of Paul Laxalt, a prominent Nevada governor and senator.
Date: July 30, 2022
Topics: federal budget;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Laxalt said the Democratic bill would "increase taxes on millions of Americans across every income bracket." An analysis by Congress’ Joint Committee on Taxation did find that every income group would lose ground from the bill’s tax changes — approximately 1%. However, this analysis didn’t factor in the ways ordinary Americans would gain from the bill, including subsidies for energy efficiency and clean energy, the continuation of expiring subsidies under the Affordable Care Act and lower drug prices because of Medicare negotiations. Independent experts expect these benefits to cancel out, or reverse, the bill’s tax impacts. Characterizing the bill as a blanket tax hike obscures how the prescribed taxes would be levied directly on very large corporations and high-earning money managers. The impact on ordinary Americans comes from difficult-to-measure secondary effects. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: The Biden administration "gifted the Taliban with $80 billion-plus" in military-grade weapons but now "wants your 9mm pistols.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 17, 2021
Topics: afghanistan;foreign policy;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: A viral image says the Biden administration "gifted the Taliban with $80 billion-plus" in  military-grade weapons and "wants your 9mm pistols." There has been no accounting of how much military equipment was left in Afghanistan after U.S. troops withdrew and the Taliban resumed control of the country. One expert says equipment left behind that could broadly be considered weapons is likely worth less than $10 billion. Biden has not called for taking away 9-millimeter pistols from Americans. We rate the post .