chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: President Joe Biden showed signs of cognitive decline when he walked away from an Air Force Falcons presentation with a jersey, snubbing a signed football and helmet.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 13, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: What a great, great honor. I appreciate it very much. Thank you, thank you, thank you," he said, posing for pictures with Air Force quarterback Haaziq Daniels and running back Brad Roberts. Biden took only the jersey as he walked away, but there’s no sign it left the crowd, which stood as he left the room, "confused." We rate the  that Biden showed signs of cognitive decline when he walked away with only a football jersey .
Statement: Says that except for Donald Trump, "every other major party nominee" for the past 40 years has released their tax returns.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: September 19, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;income;wealth;taxes
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: She’s almost right. During that period, the only major-party presidential nominee who didn’t release returns was Ford, the Republican nominee in 1976. It's also worth noting that many nominees have released numerous years of returns, but some have released only one or two. We rate Baldwin’s statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/3b799eb7-8454-41ff-a343-3c13c44e9c78
Statement: Starbucks executive "believes white men are the root of all evil.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 17, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: "I decided not to talk about it directly with the folks in the room because there were actually no females, like, levels down. So I’m going to place a call to him." Her remarks led to hashtags like #boycottsamsclub and #boycottracistsamsclub, according to the Post. But while the comments may have been controversial, they don’t indicate that she thinks white men are "evil" or "the root of all evil." We rate this post !
Statement: Says "Oregon is one of only three states that allow the use of gillnets on inland waters.
Speaker: stop gillnetting now
About the speaker: The Stop Gillnetting Now campaign is working to qualify a citizen initiative for the November ballot in Oregon.
Date: May 30, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: environment;jobs;message machine 2012;recreation
Context: campaign press statement
Fact-check justification: There are some states that don’t depend on commercial fishing so gillnets are not an issue. While not comprehensive, we found that the use of non-tribal commercial gillnets is more widespread than originally cited by the campaign. Oregon is among at least seven states that allow the use in inland rivers. Other states allow the use in bay, gulf and ocean water.   We rule the statement .
Statement: In 2007, Ed Gillespie "was paid $300,000 to be the frontman for a coalition that made the individual mandate the centerpiece of its health reform plan.
Speaker: democratic party of virginia
About the speaker: The state Democratic Party.
Date: March 26, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: health care;message machine 2014
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The state Democratic Party said Gillespie was paid $300,000 "to be the frontman for a coalition that made the individual mandate the centerpiece of its health reform plan." This, Democrats said, belies Gillespie’s assertion that he’s always opposed mandatory health coverage. There’s no doubt Gillespie was a key adviser to the coalition, as was his business partner. His role was prominently noted in a news release announcing formation of the group, and he spoke on behalf of the group in a radio interview. The group supported an individual mandate, although there’s a bit of hyperbole in the Democrats’ contention it was the ‘centerpiece’ of their agenda. The top item listed on the coalition’s "core principles" was bringing market-based efficiency and price transparency to health care. The founder of the coalition says Gillespie privately voiced opposition to a mandate, urged the pursuit of other reforms and never attended the coalition's meetings with politicians. Records show Gillespie’s lobbying firm -- not Gillespie, himself -- was paid $300,000 by the health care coalition in 2007. Gillespie left the firm that June. During the first half of 2007, Gillespie was among 16 people at his firm registered as lobbyists for the coalition. The bulk of the payments came in the second half of 2007, after Gillespie departed. When we pointed this out to the Democratic Party, a spokeswoman backed away from its improbable  the Gillespie received all the fees paid to his firm. Gillespie’s campaign denies he was paid $300,000, but would not say how much he did pocket. So bits of  in the Democrats’ statement are tarnished with exaggeration and create an unsupportable story that Gillespie, when the money was right, led a lobbying effort for an individual mandate. We rate the  .
Statement: Maurice Ferre says Kendrick Meek "has voted 98.6 percent of the time with the Democrat party.
Speaker: maurice ferre
About the speaker: Maurice Ferre served as mayor of Miami from 1973 to 1985. He campaigned for the U.S. Senate in 2010 and was defeated in the Democratic primary on Aug. 24, 2010.
Date: July 1, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: voting record
Context: an editorial meeting
Fact-check justification: Similarly, Graham's percentages between 1991 and 2002 ranged from 81.8 percent to 92.9 percent. The Washington Post database keeps records back until 1991. Chiles left the U.S. Senate in 1989. The only issue with Ferre's  is the minor difference between 98.6 and 98.4 percent. And so we rate his statement .
Statement: Says many local governments in Wisconsin already require employees to pay 20 percent, 30 percent or even 40 percent of their health insurance premiums.
Speaker: jennifer shilling
About the speaker: Jennifer Shilling, a Democrat from La Crosse in western Wisconsin, was elected to the Wisconsin Assembly in 2000 and served there until winning election to the state Senate in 2011. Democrats elected her as their Senate leader in 2014.
Date: February 27, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;labor;state budget
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: So, what’s the bottom line? Shilling contended that Walker was misguided in claiming that communities had a lot of room for savings by getting employees to kick in more of health insurance costs because "many" already get double or even triple what Walker is asking. But the school data she points to shows that’s  in only a tiny scattering of districts. In cities, 10 percent is typical, and Shilling could name only one city in the 20 to 40 percent range. We rate Shilling’s statement .
Statement: A photo shows "Barack Obama dressed up as Baphomet (Lucifer).
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 27, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The story is from 2018 and juxtaposes the photo of the person in a headdress with a photo of Obama. "Side by side, the person dressed as Satan looks just like Obama," the caption says.   Although it claims to have "photometrically authenticated" that the person in the headdress is Obama, the basis of this storyline is speculation.    Snopes dug into  this  in 2018 and found other photos taken of this person in the headdress. We rate this  !
Statement: Says the Constitution "specifically states the Congress shall write legislation for immigration policy," so Barack Obama lacks the authority to defer the deportation of young illegal immigrants.
Speaker: john carter
About the speaker: Carter, of Georgetown, was initially elected to the U.S. House in 2002. He is a former state district judge.
Date: June 18, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;legal issues
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Congress has the power to make immigration laws, as Carter says. Less clearcut is Carter’s interpretation that Obama has overstepped his authority. Most legal experts we consulted thought Obama was on solid ground. We rate Carter’s statement .
Statement: The USA has a gun homicide rate 26 times higher than our peers.
Speaker: gavin newsom
About the speaker: Gavin Newsom was elected governor of California in 2018. He is the state's former lieutenant governor and served as mayor of San Francisco. He is a Democrat.
Date: January 23, 2023
Location: california
Topics: guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Newsom tweeted "the USA has a gun homicide rate 26 times higher than our peers." His figure checks out with 2019 data for high-income nations and gun deaths measured by Everytown for Gun Safety. This number can shift based on what countries count as the U.S.’ "peers,", but Newsom’s main point stands. The statement is accurate but needs additional information. We rate this  .
Statement: Photo shows Bill Clinton among others not wearing a mask at John Lewis' funeral.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 5, 2020
Topics: civil rights;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .)   That’s because the photo is five years old and was taken by a photojournalist named Heidi Heilbrunn. It shows Clinton sitting next to Rev. Jesse Jackson during a funeral service for Jackson’s mother at the Springfield Baptist Church in Greenville, S.C.  Getty Images photos from Lewis’s funeral show people wearing masks.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says U.S. corporate tax rate is "highest in the world at 35 percent.
Speaker: michael mccaul
About the speaker: Michael McCaul was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004.
Date: October 22, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: economy;federal budget;jobs;taxes
Context: a League of Women Voters guide for Texas and Austin voters
Fact-check justification: McCaul said the U.S. "corporate tax rate" is the "highest in the world at 35 percent." The rate set by federal statute is the highest, both by itself and when considering the federal rate plus state and local taxes. However, there’s much less consensus about effective corporate tax rates -- the rates corporations actually pay. Studies don’t even agree on what the U.S. effective rate is, pegging it between 23 percent and 35.6 percent. Older studies put the U.S. near the top; a recent study says the U.S. is No. 1 among OECD nations. We rate McCaul’s statement as .
Statement: Under the Republican tax bill, President Donald Trump "and his family would walk off with more than a billion dollars personally.
Speaker: lloyd doggett
About the speaker: Rep. Lloyd Doggett was initially elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994.
Date: November 20, 2017
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview with Sinclair Broadcast Group
Fact-check justification: Doggett said that under the Republican tax bill, Trump "and his family would walk off with more than a billion dollars personally." Independent analyses, working from bare-bones public information about Trump’s income picture, suggest that he stands to benefit in the short term by somewhere in the low tens of millions of dollars. Getting that figure up to $1 billion requires factoring in the estate tax -- but that demands some caveats that Doggett didn’t mention. There is no certainty that the House version of the bill, which eliminates the estate tax entirely, will ultimately prevail. And the family couldn’t simply "walk off" with $1 billion in benefits; to achieve that windfall might require waiting until Melania Trump’s death several decades from now. Tens of millions of dollars in tax savings would be real money to most Americans, but it’s far less than the catchy $1 billion figure Doggett has repeatedly highlighted. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Rep. Michele Bachmann said President Barack Obama might be to blame for the Fort Hood shootings.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 2, 2014
Topics: congress;punditfact
Context: a Facebook meme
Fact-check justification: I’m just saying that we have zero proof that he isn’t." And she wasn’t on Hannity on the night the posts says she was. The post appears to be satire, but not everyone has taken it that way -- all you have to do is read the comments on the original photo. That's why we're stepping in. We rate the  !
Statement: Gov. Evers asked the director of WEDC to stay on
Speaker: alberta darling
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Sen. Alberta Darling, R-River Hills, served in the state Assembly from 1990 to 1992 and has served in the state Senate since 1992. She survived a recall election in August 2011 by defeating state Rep. Sandy Pasch (D-Whitefish Bay).
Date: September 4, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: small business
Context: a Joint Finance Committee meeting
Fact-check justification: Darling told her legislative colleagues the governor asked Hogan to stay on as head of WEDC.  Though Evers was  unable to address Hogan’s post before Sept. 1, court cases did create a brief window where he could have made a change. But declining to make a change amid a contentious court battle is not the same thing as asking Hogan to stay on — which implies he intended to leave earlier. Hogan by all accounts simply informed both Evers and Walker that he planned to leave this fall, then did so. We rate Darling’s  .
Statement: U.S. Rep. John Barrow of Georgia has helped support the implementation of "Obamacare.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: April 30, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The NRSC says Barrow’s unwillingness to vote for repealing the health care law is a "real life pain" for people and businesses because of its costs. An argument can be made that Barrow’s votes against repeal are tantamount to indirect support of its implementation. In other words, the NRSC says, Barrow owns it. Barrow, however, voted against the original Obamacare legislation and wants to repeal various parts of the law. The GOP cherry-picked a few votes to stretch a point here on a lawmaker it wants to defeat, Our rating: .
Statement: Says Mike DeWine "interfered with and stifled" a sexual harassment investigation and then "eliminated the office that investigated harassment claims within the AG's office.
Speaker: ohio democratic party
About the speaker: Statewide organization for Ohio's Democrats.
Date: January 4, 2018
Location: ohio
Topics: legal issues
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The Ohio Democratic Party said that DeWine "interfered with and stifled an investigation of sexual harassment allegedly involving a member of his inner circle, and then he eliminated the office that investigated harassment claims within the AG’s office." The  cited by the Democrats does not show that DeWine interfered or stifled the investigation. There were three investigations -- one by human resources in his office, one by a prosecutor and then one by DeWine’s compliance officer. All three investigations were closed after the woman declined to identify the accuser, even to investigators. There is a kernel of  related to the Democrats’ attack that DeWine eliminated the office that investigated harassment claims. A little more than a year after Cadek closed her investigation, she was promoted into another job. Rather than fill the position, DeWine changed the procedure for investigating such complaints by outsourcing them to a law firm. We rate this  .
Statement: When using an ATM, customers should "press the cancel button twice before inserting the card. If anyone has set up the keypad to steal your pin code, this will cancel that set up.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 16, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: While many ATMs are available 24 hours a day, try to go during the day. If you must go at night, consider taking someone with you. ATM scams are diverse and range from simple to very advanced. While pressing the "cancel" button twice before using the machine doesn’t have any drawbacks, customers shouldn’t expect it will keep their information safe. This  is !
Statement: Under @BarackObama illegal immigration dropped to a 50-year low.
Speaker: nate mcmurray
About the speaker: Nathan McMurray is supervisor of the town of Grand Island, New York. He is a Democrat running for a seat in the House of Representatives in the 27th District. 
Date: September 10, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: immigration
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: McMurray tweeted that during the Obama administration illegal immigration dropped to a 50-year low.  Nothing in the data we reviewed shows that to be . During Obama’s eight-year presidency, apprehensions of people who were in the country without authorization dropped to levels not seen since 1971. Apprehensions are not a precise measure of how many individuals enter the country and stay when they are not authorized to do so, and they do not include people who overstay their visas. But immigration researchers do use this data to make estimates about illegal immigration.   But even if McMurray had said apprehensions, his statement would have still been problematic. In November 2014, Obama said, "Overall, the number of people trying to cross our border illegally is at its lowest level since the 1970s." PolitiFact found his statement to be  . While PolitiFact found Obama to be correct on the sheer numbers of people caught trying to cross the border in 2013 and the 1970s, experts noted that Obama created an imperfect comparison because the border situation was far different in 1970 than in 2013. In the 1970s, it was easier for people to make multiple attempts or excursions illegally across the border. Demographers use the size of the population of illegal immigrants residing in the United States to measure trends in illegal immigration. This population was much lower decades ago, based on available data, than it was during the Obama administration, though some studies show that this population fell during the last 10 years.   We rate McMurray’s  .
Statement: The coronavirus is "simply the common cold.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 1, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The virus has an estimated 3.4% mortality rate. In short, the 2019 coronavirus is a novel strain that was unknown before December 2019. It is different and can be much more dangerous than the common cold. Despite the differences, prevention for both the 2019 coronavirus and the common cold are relatively similar : wash your hands, avoid touching your face and stay away from people who are sick. We rate the Facebook statement .
Statement: Both China and Japan have surpassed us, with Japanese cars now getting an average of 45 miles to the gallon.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 7, 2007
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Detroit, Mich
Fact-check justification: The number he used doesn't really represent a realistic on-road achievement." Yet Schipper said he doesn't fault Obama for the confusion. "Everybody makes this . What matters is what cars really get on the road, how long it takes to change the entire fleet and how much people drive." (Japanese drivers drive about one-third as many miles per year as U.S. drivers.)
Statement: You can get vaccinated by sleeping with somebody who is already jabbed" with an mRNA vaccine. "It's called shedding.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: March 20, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that "you can get vaccinated sleeping with somebody who is already jabbed" with an mRNA vaccine through "shedding." "Shedding" — known as the release of vaccine components in or outside of the body — is possible only with vaccines that contain a live weakened version of the virus. This is impossible with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. MRNA vaccines work by instructing cells to produce a piece of spike protein, which triggers an immune response in the body. They do not contain a live virus. We rate this  .
Statement: United Nations caught helping and coaching caravan illegal aliens!
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 22, 2018
Topics: immigration;homeland security;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A post on usanetwork.info says, "United Nations caught helping and coaching caravan illegal aliens!" The United Nations has not been "caught helping and coaching" migrants in caravans wanting to come to the United States. The United Nations, openly, has provided humanitarian assistance and counseling to migrants. The organization has said that immigrants should be allowed to make asylum claims. The post mischaracterizes the United Nations’ actions. We rate it .
Statement: The novel coronavirus was "man-made.
Speaker: kimberly lightford
About the speaker: Illinois Sen. Kimberly Lightford represents the state's 4th Senate District. In 2019, she became the chamber's majority leader.
Date: May 15, 2020
Location: illinois
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Lightford said the novel coronavirus was "man-made." But research shows the genetic features of the virus rule out the possibility it was created or manipulated in a lab. The consensus among experts is that it originated in animals before being transmitted to humans. We rate her  .  — The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.