chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In 2018, we endured a school shooting nearly once a week.
Speaker: alcee hastings
About the speaker: Alcee L. Hastings is a Congressman for Florida's District 20, which includes parts of Broward and Palm Beach counties. Hastings, a former federal judge, was first elected in 1992.
Date: February 5, 2019
Location: florida
Topics: guns
Context: a statement to the press
Fact-check justification: Hastings said, "In 2018, we endured a school shooting nearly once a week." He arrived at that figure by looking at the 24 school shootings documented by Education Week and dividing that into a 180-day school year. (If we applied the same math to a calendar year, it would work out to half that amount.) A statement about the number of school shootings warrants an explanation of what types of shootings were included. The Education Week database includes any K-12 shooting on a school property during school or a school event that resulted in injury or death. That means it includes both indiscriminate mass shootings as well as other types of incidents such as fights in a parking lot after a football game or an accidental shooting. Hastings’ statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details about the database he cited. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says "Donald Trump proposes to deport 16 million people, 11 million who are here without documents, and both Donald Trump and Mike Pence want to get rid of birthright citizenship.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: October 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration;children;homeland security;human rights
Context: the 2016 vice presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Kaine said, "Donald Trump proposes to deport 16 million people. 11 million who are here without documents, and both Donald Trump and Mike Pence want to get rid of birthright citizenship." Trump has talked about the entire undocumented population of about 11 million people having to leave the country at some point in order to come back and reside legally. But Kaine assumes Trump would try to deport 4.5 million people who have citizenship because they were born in the country to undocumented parents. Trump has said birthright citizenship under the 14th Amendment is questionable but has not proposed retroactively stripping it away and deporting this group. Trump did call for an end to birthright citizenship during the primary. His most-recent immigration plan does not mention the idea, though he has not renounced it altogether. As for Pence, he co-sponsored a bill seven years ago to amend birthright citizenship eligibility to children who have at least one parent with legal or military status. Kaine’s statement is partially accurate, so we rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/c19c66d8-2ec0-41f0-9dad-df909ccbf357 Clarification: The fact-check was updated shortly after publication to account for more of Trump's comments on birthright citizenship. The rating remains unchanged.
Statement: Common Core expects English teachers to spend at least half of their reading instructional time at every grade level on informational texts.
Speaker: sandra stotsky
About the speaker: Sandra Stotsky is professor emerita from the University of Arkansas.
Date: October 15, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: corrections and updates;education
Context: during a public hearing
Fact-check justification: Stotsky stated that the Common Core expects English teachers to spend at least half of their reading instructional time at every grade level on informational texts. The Common Core does emphasize informational texts. But it specifically counts reading informational texts in science, math or history classes , and it says that English classes must focus on literature as well as literary nonfiction. Most of the decision-making about what students read in English classes is left to the local and state levels. We find this statement . Editor's note: This report has been updated to include Stotsky's comments, which we received after our initial publication. The ruling is unchanged.
Statement: At $587 apiece, USA would need to bring home about 33.1 BILLION gold medals to pay off our national debt.
Speaker: scott rigell
About the speaker: Scott Rigell, R-2nd, is a member of the U.S. House of Representatives. The Second District includes Virginia Beach, the Eastern Shore and parts of Norfolk and Hampton. Rigell, who joined Congress in 2011, serves on the Armed Services and Budget committees.
Rigell was raised in Titusville, Fla. Rigell, who owns two new car dealerships, served for six years in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve. He has an associates degree from Brevard Community College, now Eastern Florida State College, a bachelor's degree from Georgia's Mercer University, and a master's degree from Regent University, Virginia Beach.
 
Date: August 9, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: debt
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Rigell stated, "At $587 apiece, USA would need to bring home about 33.1 BILLION gold medals to pay off our national debt." The value of the award shifts based on the fluctuating price of the precious metals it contains. That said, the basic value of the gold medal that Rigell cites is a reasonable estimate. And that $587 cost would translate into billions of medals being needed to equal the size of the total national debt. But his statement benefits from some clarity. If you were to take into account a higher payday that an athlete could get by selling their gold medal on the open market, that amount could go well beyond the basic precious metal value of the award. That, in turn, would lower drastically the amount of medals it would take to pay off the debt. We rate his statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/beb7e209-818a-40a7-a9ec-b19feb5c94e4
Statement: Says Texas U.S. Rep. John Culberson "was caught using campaign cash on collectibles, including Civil War memorabilia and fossils.
Speaker: environmental defense fund action
About the speaker: EDF Action is the advocacy arm of the Environmental Defense Fund.
Date: October 29, 2018
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;climate change
Context: a mailer to Texas homes
Fact-check justification: Environmental Defense Fund Action said Texas U.S. Rep. John Culberson "was caught using campaign cash on collectibles, including Civil War memorabilia and fossils." "Caught" seemed strong to us at first, given the campaign’s denials. But with a phone call and email, it turned out that Culberson had in fact used campaign funds -- not for fossils, but for replicas and a desktop model. Our ruling comes down to perspective. The mailer’s spin seemed a little strong at first, especially knowing that gift purchases, whether for Civil War trinkets or not, are allowable if considered of nominal value. But the insistence of the campaign that Culberson did not buy fossils -- and that he had only bought books and maps -- is a factor as well. OK, he didn’t buy fossils. He bought fossil replicas. We rate the  .
Statement: Religion in America isn't receding. It's just the opposite. Faith is gaining new life across America every day.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: May 12, 2018
Location: national
Topics: religion
Context: a speech at Hillsdale College
Fact-check justification: Pence said, "Religion in America isn’t receding. It’s just the opposite. Faith is gaining new life across America every day." The data on religion in the United States has been fairly consistent over the past four decades. The share of the population that is more strongly religious is holding steady, providing Pence some support. However, the share who consider themselves only modestly religious is in a long-term decline, and the share without any religious affiliation is growing. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Jennifer Aniston said, "Me and all the Trump supporter celebrities decide to make a company named 'celebrities for Trump'
Speaker: universal news portal
About the speaker: Universal News Portal is a website that posts fake news.
Date: March 10, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: "I mean, wow, what a great, smart tweet." In real life, Trump did retweet Seth Morton , a California teenager, who had been critical of CNN. The Universal News Story then pivots to an entirely different topic and lifts from a Gossip Cop story in 2017 about whether Aniston is launching a clothing collection with the Home Shopping Network. Aniston doesn’t appear to be particularly active in politics, though she did appear with other celebrities at a Hollywood Hills lunch fundraiser for Democrat Hillary Clinton in August 2016. We rate this headline !
Statement: From 2010-2014, median household income" in Wisconsin "has actually gone up 7.4 percent.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: December 3, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: census;economy;families;income
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Wisconsin’s Government Accountability Board "ignored their duties and did not regularly audit" voters to remove felons "for a span of 16 elections.  . Scott Walker: A state agency wanted to fire an employee who spent four hours per day watching pornography, but the state "employment commission reinstated the person."  .
Statement: The fact is, over 2.4 million jobs have been lost since the 'Stimulus' bill was signed into law in February of 2009.
Speaker: steve southerland
About the speaker: Steve Southerland, a funeral home owner in the Florida Panhandle, was elected to the U.S. House representing Congressional District 2 on Nov. 2, 2010. He lost re-election to Democrat Gwen Graham on Nov. 4, 2014.
Date: December 5, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: jobs;stimulus
Context: direct mail
Fact-check justification: Southerland's mailer accurately cites government employment data when it says that since February 2009, 2.4 million jobs have been lost. But it misleads when it says those jobs were lost "since the 'Stimulus' bill was signed into law" — even saying later that the approach "failed to create jobs." The reality is that government and independent economic analysts say policies in the Recovery Act salvaged half a million to 2.4 million jobs. Southerland can argue the stimulus wasn't worth what it cost, but it's  to say it didn't do anything for the economy. On balance, we find his  .
Statement: Says pension contributions under Gov. Chris Christie would represent "75 percent of the total contribution made between the years 1995 and 2010. That's right, in 15 years, total state contribution was only $2.1 billion.
Speaker: gary chiusano
About the speaker: Gary Chiusano is a Republican state Assemblyman representing parts of Morris, Sussex and Warren counties. Chiusano previously served as a Sussex County freeholder.
Date: February 26, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: retirement;state budget
Context: an interview on My9 News' “New Jersey Now”
Fact-check justification: In a TV interview, Chiusano claimed that Christie’s total pension contribution would represent "75 percent of the total contribution made between the years 1995 and 2010. That's right, in 15 years, total state contribution was only $2.1 billion." But according to the state Treasury Department, Christie’s total payment of nearly $1.6 billion would represent about 45 percent of the roughly $3.4 billion contributed between 1995 and 2010. We rate this statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: A CDC report found that "people who wear masks, are actually 'collecting' the virus in their masks.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 12, 2020
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says that a CDC report found that "people who wear masks, are actually ‘collecting’ the virus in their masks." The CDC report cited in the post actually found the opposite: More people who tested negative for COVID-19 reported wearing masks than people who tested positive.  Other scientific studies have consistently found that mask wearing decreases the spread of coronavirus.  We rate this post ! ​
Statement: In 1992, Mitt Romney "gave money to Democrats for Congress.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: January 29, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: bipartisanship;campaign finance;candidate biography
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Gingrich said that in 1992, Romney "gave money to Democrats for Congress." We should note that for the past 20 years, Romney has given the majority of his donations to Republican candidates and committees. But Gingrich was specific in his attack here, and Romney did give money to three Democratic candidates that year. We rate Gingrich's  .
Statement: Agriculture "is still the No. 1 sector of the economy" in Georgia.
Speaker: gary black
About the speaker: Elected Georgia's first GOP farm chief in 2010
Date: May 13, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: agriculture
Context: an interview with WLBB
Fact-check justification: Black said that agriculture "is still the No. 1 sector of the economy" in Georgia. In reality, federal data for 2021 shows that agriculture accounted for about 0.7% of Georgia's GDP, which was far down the list of biggest industry sectors in the state. We rate the statement .
Statement: We've spent more money on the military than the next 12 nations combined.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: April 19, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: a speech at Duke University
Fact-check justification: Sanders said the U.S. government has spent "more money on the military than the next 12 nations combined." He cited a 2016 chart that supported his , but it has been updated recently to a new pecking order of military spending. Still, Sanders’  is in the ballpark. We rate it .
Statement: Says Brett Kavanaugh's mother presided over foreclosure case against Christine Blasey Ford's parents, which fueled motivation for sexual assault accusation.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 17, 2018
Topics: supreme court;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Bloggers speculated that the reason Christine Blasey Ford went public with sexual assault allegations against Judge Brett Kavanaugh was because Kavanaugh’s mother presided over a foreclosure case against Christine Blasey Ford’s parents. This line of thinking has been debunked by the Washington Examiner , the New York Times , Snopes  and now, PolitiFact. The facts don’t support the accusation. Kavanaugh’s mother simply executed a settlement made by the plaintiff — a mortgage lender — and Ford’s family.  Put simply, Kavanaugh’s mother had no effect on the outcome of the case. A dismissed foreclosure case involving Ford’s parents is an incredibly unlikely basis for a revenge-motivated sexual assault accusation 22 years later. We rate this  .
Statement: California has twice the population of New York, but spends $260 billion, while New York spends $220 billion.
Speaker: william barclay
About the speaker: New York State Assembly Member William A. Barclay is the leader of the Republican minority. He lives in Pulaski, in central New York. 
Date: December 1, 2022
Location: california
Topics: state budget;new york
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Barclay claimed California, with nearly twice New York's population, spends $260 billion to New York’s $220 billion. The Golden State does have nearly twice New York’s population. New York’s latest budget came in at $220 billion, but California’s current budget is $308 billion.  Even if the budget numbers completely aligned with Barclay’s , they don’t tell the whole story of state spending, because states account for different categories of spending in different ways.  Other analyses of state spending, from a national organization of budget officials and from the U.S. Census, show that California’s spending is roughly twice as much as New York, not inconsistent with its populations.  We rate this  .
Statement: When we lower tax rates, we generate more in revenues. That happened in '86 with the Reagan plan, happened in 2001, following the Bush plan.
Speaker: saxby chambliss
About the speaker: Saxby Chambliss, a Republican, is a United States senator from Georgia
Date: March 30, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: "Revenue should have rebounded after 2003, but it did not," she told us. We believe Chambliss is correct to say that federal revenue did rise after Reagan lowered individual income tax rates, but we note that his plan was aimed at being revenue-neutral. The numbers show federal revenue declined in the first two years after the 2001 Bush administration tax cuts, so the senator’s statement is off. The senator’s statement is partially accurate, but it omits some important details. Therefore, we rate it as .
Statement: Says Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor has an "immigrant family background.
Speaker: laura ingraham
About the speaker: Laura Ingraham is a conservative broadcaster and commentator. On April 13, 2014, she was named an ABC News contributor.
Date: February 4, 2014
Topics: immigration;corrections and updates;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of the "Laura Ingraham Show"
Fact-check justification: Ingraham spoke of Sotomayor’s "immigrant family background." Importantly, Ingraham said this in the context of enforcing American immigration laws. Legally, Sotomayor comes from a family that was always American. Her parents did not immigrate to New York. They moved there, just as Americans have moved around the country for centuries. However, we did find that in terms of language and culture, there are times when Puerto Ricans share some characteristics with immigrants, and this can muddy the waters. Researchers sometimes treat Puerto Ricans as immigrants for sociological reasons. Ingraham’s topic was strictly legal, but the element of social identity could have played a role in her meaning. Her statement is largely  but might contain a smattering of . We rate her  .
Statement: Hillary is taken to Gitmo.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 21, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We found no news reports or credible  that she was taken there.   Since the Facebook  was published, Clinton has tweeted or retweeted four times. She posted on Facebook twice. And she posted a photo of herself on Instagram promoting a new episode of her podcast.   We rate this post .
Statement: Illegal immigration on the U.S.-Mexico border is "the lowest in 17 years.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 21, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: an interview with the Associated Press
Fact-check justification: Trump said illegal immigration on the U.S.-Mexico border is "the lowest in 17 years." Border Patrol data support Trump’s . In March, Border Patrol recorded 12,193 apprehensions at the southwest border, the lowest in at least 17 years. It’s worth noting that apprehension rates have been declining since the recession, and significantly so since their peak of 1.6 million in 2000. Overall, we rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Austin is "burdened by the fastest-growing tax increases of any major city in the nation.
Speaker: jim skaggs
About the speaker: Jim Skaggs was a founder of, and treasurer for, Citizens Against Rail Taxes, which opposed voter approval of a 2014 ballot proposition for roads and an urban rail line in the city.
Date: November 5, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: city budget;city government;taxes
Context: a news story
Fact-check justification: Skaggs said Austin has the fastest-growing tax increases of any major U.S. city. Among the nation’s largest cities, Austin appears to have had the third-fastest growth in its property-tax bite on a median-valued home from 2005 to 2013. It seems reasonable to speculate local taxpayers feel the pinch. However, Skaggs didn’t provide nor did we find a sign of Austin ranking first in tax growth among the country’s major cities. We rate the statement .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: No one in the country has ever built a brand new sports facility and created this kind of development at the same time.
Speaker: mike plant
About the speaker: Mike Plant is an executive vice president with the Atlanta Braves.
Date: November 20, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;sports
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Different portions of the Brooklyn project were being constructed at about the same time. The Minneapolis project is being built simultaneously, but by different developers. The Staples Center was approved with the goal of adding additional development alongside the arena. PolitiFact Georgia believes there is some context necessary to fully examine Plant’s statement. We rate his  .