chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: You've got almost twice as many cops in New York City as you do on our entire border. That's nuts.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: May 12, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;homeland security;crime
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: It's even trickier to compare agencies with such different duties as the Border Patrol and the New York Police Department, as Dewhurst did. So where does all of this leave his statement? The lieutenant governor accurately characterizes the relative sizes of two law enforcement agencies -- the Border Patrol and the New York Police Department. He may have a point that the border needs more federal agents -- though there is disagreement over whether more boots on the ground will prevent illegal immigration -- but comparing the size of that force to the cops in the Big Apple is not a valid way to prove it. Because his comparison takes the numbers out of their proper context, we rate his statement as .
Statement: Dying nurse on deathbed claims she swapped more than 5,000 babies for 'fun.'
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 14, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But, as Snopes reported in 2019 , the Lusaka Times reported that year that an investigation by the General Nursing Council of Zambia found no  to support the claims in the Zambia Observer story — or any midwife named Elizabeth Bwalya Mwewa in the council’s registry. . The Zambian Observer also reported on the investigation , saying that it "revealed that no midwife by that name ever existed and later worked in (the) maternity ward at the University Teaching Hospitals. "  We found no  to corroborate the  in the post. Only news articles and fact - checks debunking it.   We rate this post !
Statement: We're bankrupt.
Speaker: gary johnson
About the speaker: Gary Johnson is the Libertarian nominee for president in 2016. He was also the party's nominee in 2012. He previously served as governor of New Mexico as a Republican.
Date: September 22, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget
Context: Orlando, Fla
Fact-check justification: We wouldn't. We'd reserve that description for the neighbor who was behind on his mortgage and couldn't pay his creditors. Johnson said that "we’re bankrupt." For all of our fiscal challenges, we conclude that the United States’ situation doesn’t meet the traditional definitions of that term. So we rate his statement .
Statement: President Biden has created more jobs in his first 7 months than any POTUS in history.
Speaker: gwen moore
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore is a Democratic member of Congress, representing Wisconsin's 4th District, which primarily includes Milwaukee. Moore, who served in the state Legislature from 1989 to 2004, was elected to Congress in 2004.
Date: September 3, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;jobs;workers
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: When you take office with a low level of unemployment and more job growth, there is often nowhere to go but down.   Our rating  Moore claimed that Biden has "created more jobs in his first 7 months than any POTUS in history. "  As is typical with such claims, Moore is on target with the numbers -- though, we’d note the increase in jobs began before Biden took office -- but gives too much credit to Biden for his role in something that is largely out of his control. Our definition for  is: "The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. That fits here.
Statement: The health care reform bill "would make it mandatory — absolutely require — that every five years people in Medicare have a required counseling session that will tell them how to end their life sooner.
Speaker: betsy mccaughey
About the speaker: Betsy McCaughey is chairman of the Committee to Reduce Infection Deaths and former lieutenant governor of New York state.
Date: July 16, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: on the Fred Thompson radio show
Fact-check justification: McCaughey incorrectly states that the bill would require Medicare patients to have these counseling sessions and she is suggesting that the government is somehow trying to interfere with a very personal decision. And her  that the sessions would "tell [seniors] how to end their life sooner" is an outright distortion. Rather, the sessions are an option for elderly patients who want to learn more about living wills, health care proxies and other forms of end-of-life planning. McCaughey isn't just , she's spreading a  falsehood. That's a .
Statement: U.S. veteran group rescued Afghan allies "behind Biden's back.
Speaker: the gateway pundit
About the speaker: The Gateway Pundit is a conservative website.
Date: August 27, 2021
Topics: afghanistan;corrections and updates;foreign policy;military;veterans;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Gateway Pundit article also cited the quote from the frustrated veteran, but didn’t provide  to back the  in the headline that the mission was done "behind Biden’s back." Other reports also said the mission worked with the U.S. military.   One member of the mission told Fox News: "The U.S. government is sending us people as well that need help getting out, so we are in coordination, and we are working with the U.S. government." We found no  to support the headline’s  that the Pineapple Express mission was carried out "behind Biden’s back. "  We rate the statement .
Statement: This decision is an unfortunate example of why those of us in Montpelier need to work together to make Vermont a more affordable place to do business and make sure our policies help businesses thrive rather than creating unique burdens and barriers to growth that make us less competitive with other states.
Speaker: phil scott
About the speaker: Phil Scott is the 82nd governor of Vermont.
Date: October 25, 2019
Location: vermont
Topics: economy
Context: Bennington
Fact-check justification: But his  is specifically about Energizer’s reason for leaving.   According to Scott’s statement, the fact that Energizer is moving away, in and of itself, reveals the company wasn’t satisfied with Vermont’s business environment. His office can provide no  to support his . The only reason Energizer has cited for its move is that consolidation of operations in its Wisconsin facility — recently purchased from Rayovac — will streamline production.    We rate this  .
Statement: The chaos at the Kabul airport as the Taliban took over Afghanistan's capital was a "false flag event to provoke WW3.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 17, 2021
Topics: afghanistan;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: On Aug. 19, she tweeted footage of Taliban fighters accosting her and a CNN producer, writing: "Our story from the madness outside Kabul airport where we witnessed Taliban fighters whipping people, shooting into the crowd." To  that these events aren’t actually happening ignores the turmoil, violence and trauma people in Afghanistan are experiencing.   They aren’t actors. This is real. We rate this post .
Statement: Says over the last two years, New Jersey Schools Development Authority employees "have not started or completed one single school project, and I'm not talking about major school renovation. I'm talking about replacing boilers, roofs.
Speaker: david sciarra
About the speaker: David Sciarra is executive director of the New Jersey Education Law Center
Date: January 5, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: education
Context: testimony before the state Assembly Budget Committee
Fact-check justification: Sciarra claimed authority employees "have not started or completed one single school project," including "replacing boilers, roofs." Hundreds of emergency repairs proposed by school officials have not been approved yet, but the authority has substantially completed other projects during the past two years, including work in Newark and Camden. Of course, Sciarra and school officials want more done, but claiming "nothing" has happened is . We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Dan Patrick said that if women "get paid less than a man for the same job, that that's not a problem.
Speaker: leticia van de putte
About the speaker: Leticia Van de Putte, a pharmacist, was the 2014 Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor. She previously served in the Texas House.
Date: September 29, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: jobs;women
Context: Austin
Fact-check justification: Van de Putte said Patrick said that if women "get paid less than a man for the same job, that that’s not a problem." Broadly, both candidates were vague in their use of "problem," leaving room for interpretation. Still, Patrick answered a question by saying he doesn’t think the equal-pay issue is a problem and he hammered his opposition to any state law mandating equal pay. However, Patrick also said some businesses don’t treat people fairly and said any worker should be paid on performance. These are important missing details. We rate this statement .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says an arms control treaty supported by Barack Obama "could give the U.N. some authority to regulate guns.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: December 13, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: congress;corrections and updates;guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Abbott said the treaty advocated by Obama "could give the U.N. some authority to regulate guns." This statement, which fits with other  claims about the U.N. gaining the power to preempt U.S. gun laws, doesn't hold up because the treaty doesn’t regulate gun traffic within countries and also doesn’t hand the U.N. enforcement powers. We rate this  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. CORRECTION, 10:15 a.m., Dec. 27, 2016 : This story has been amended to say the Senate was led by Democrats in 2013, not Republican-majority. The Senate that year consisted of 53 Democrats, 45 Republicans and two Independents, who caucused with the Democrats. This correction didn't affect our rating of the . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/f9667fd1-f8c0-441e-97f7-4f762d932bee
Statement: FBI confirms evidence of huge underground Clinton sex network.
Speaker: conservative daily post
About the speaker: The Conservative Daily Post is a website based in Las Vegas whose goal is to "do our part to destroy the 'politically correct' behavior that has inhibited true liberty and democracy in America for so long."
Date: November 1, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;children;congress;criminal justice;history;human rights;women
Context: a posting on the Internet
Fact-check justification: The Conservative Daily Post says, "FBI confirms  of huge underground Clinton sex network." We could find no  that such a network exists; there is definitely no  that the FBI has confirmed it. The blog post seems to be relying on an anonymous  put up on an internet message board. Here at PolitiFact, we believe it's up to the entity making a  to support it with real , especially when a  is as extraordinary as this one. For now, the Post story fails to rise above rumor or hoax. Without anything real to go on, the website is blowing smoke. And in this case, where there's smoke, there's !
Statement: Tax revenue went up, actually, $14 billion last year after the tax cut actually occurred. We had greater revenue.
Speaker: james lankford
About the speaker: James Lankford, a Republican, is a U.S. Senator from Oklahoma. Previously, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives. Prior to joining the House, he served as director of student ministry at the Baptist Convention of Oklahoma and as director of the Falls Creek Youth Camp.
Date: March 6, 2019
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;taxes
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: Lankford said, "Tax revenue went up, actually, $14 billion last year after the tax cut actually occurred. We had greater revenue." This figure comes from a  calculation, one in which part of the increase in fiscal year 2018 came from tax collections governed by the old law. If you look at eight months that were shaped by a  before-and-after comparison, tax collections went down in seven of those months, and collectively, revenues fell by about $61 billion. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Joe Biden said Jon Corzine is "the smartest guy that I know, in terms of the economy and on finance, I really mean this.
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: December 15, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: economy;message machine 2012
Context: a web ad posted on YouTube
Fact-check justification: The National Republican Congressional Committee released an ad that links Corzine to the Obama administration. In it,  Biden says, "he’s the smartest guy that I know, in terms of the economy and on finance, I really mean this." Biden made the comment about Corzine before MF Global collapsed and customer funds disappeared, but they’re still the vice president’s words. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says American polling shows Russian President Vladimir Putin has "an 80 percent approval rating.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: December 20, 2015
Location: national
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Trump said American polling shows Russian President Vladimir Putin has "an 80 percent approval rating." Multiple American polls have found Putin’s approval rating to hover around 80 percent among the Russian public, including a recent study that aimed to adjust for any possibility that respondents have been lying to pollsters out of fear or social expectations. This statement rates .
Statement: Says Ted Cruz said: "While there may have been an age difference, Josh Duggar's transgressions are far less an affront to God than what gays do to each other.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 22, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: lgbtq;marriage
Context: a meme on a Facebook page
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post depicted Cruz saying: "While there may have been an age difference, Josh Duggar’s transgressions are far less an affront to God than what gays do to each other." Didn’t happen and . !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Don't believe those phony numbers when you hear 4.9 and 5 percent unemployment. The number's probably 28, 29, as high as 35. In fact, I even heard recently 42 percent.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 9, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a victory speech after the New Hampshire primary
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Don't believe those phony numbers when you hear 4.9 and 5 percent unemployment. The number's probably 28, 29, as high as 35. In fact, I even heard recently 42 percent." While economists say that there are other, more expansive calculations of unemployment or under-employment, none of the official ones are currently higher than 9.9 percent, and the highest credible number we could calculate was 15.6 percent. That’s far, far lower than 42 percent -- or even 28 percent. We rate the  .
Statement: In 2020 the ballots that were counted "were fake ballots.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 19, 2023
Location: georgia
Topics: national;wisconsin;pennsylvania;arizona
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Trump said in 2020 the ballots that were counted "were  ballots."  Trump didn’t explain his definition of " ballots" on Fox News, although he nodded to a right-wing filmmaker’s documentary that allegest drop box fraud. That film was widely debunked, including by Trump’s former attorney general. The election was legitimate, as affirmed by state election officials, including Republicans. Multiple judges, including Republican appointees, also have reached the same conclusion.  We rate this statement ! PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this fact-check. RELATED : Ask PolitiFact: What steps do election officials take to prevent fraud? RELATED : The facts of a fair US election have only gotten stronger since Capitol attack RELATED : Trump back on hot seat with  linking ballot box ruling to 2020 election RELATED : Fact-checking  claims about the 2020 election
Statement: The number of followers Katie Hobbs and Kari Lake have on Instagram suggests election fraud.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 16, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Stacey Abrams, the Democratic candidate for Georgia governor, has about 2.1 million followers , while Gov. Brian Kemp, who won re-election, has fewer than 48,000 .   Syracuse University professor Jennifer Stromer-Galley, who studies political social media messaging, told NPR in August that although social media helps amplify a candidate's message, it doesn’t automatically translate to election wins. They’re "talking primarily to supporters," Stromer-Galley said, but that could include people out of state who won’t vote in that candidate’s election.   There is no  of widespread fraud in the Arizona gubernatorial election, least of all because Hobbs has fewer Instagram followers than Lake.   We rate that  !
Statement: The majority of people travelling to these destination resorts are not going for the primary purpose of gambling.
Speaker: frank fahrenkopf
About the speaker: Frank J. Fahrenkopf is the former national advocate for the commercial casino industry's American Gaming Association. He also served as chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1983 to 1989.
 
Date: October 19, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: gambling
Context: the "Miami Herald"
Fact-check justification: Fahrenkopf said that "the majority of people" traveling to destination resorts are not going primarily to gamble. He said he based this on a study done by the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, which showed that most visitors said they came to Las Vegas for vacation or pleasure. But we see two problems with this . First, the survey applied only to Las Vegas. To say that its findings apply to all resorts, regardless of location, seems like a stretch. Second, people may have chosen to visit Las Vegas for vacation or pleasure primarily because it had gambling. The survey didn't press people for more details on their answers, so we can't know for sure. Meanwhile, a 2013 report from the American Gaming Association showed that most people -- 53 percent -- who frequent casinos across the country always, or almost always, gamble. Also, Florida casinos tend to draw from the local population. Whether Florida could draw visitors in the same way Las Vegas does remains to be seen.  Fahrenkopf has a point that people who travel to destination resorts may have other things in mind besides gambling. But the  shows gambling is still an important part of the equation. We rate his statement .
Statement: In Ohio, more than half the providers of safe and legal abortion have had to shut down" since Gov. John Kasich took office in 2011.
Speaker: cecile richards
About the speaker: According to the biographical sketch posted online by Planned Parenthood, Cecile Richards, president of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, previously worked as deputy chief of staff for House Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi. In 2004, she founded and served as president of America Votes, a coalition of 42 national grassroots organizations working to maximize registration, education, and voter participation. She began her career organizing low-wage workers in the hotel, health care, and janitorial industries throughout California, Louisiana and Texas.
Date: February 9, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: abortion
Context: Los Angeles
Fact-check justification: Richards said that "more than half the providers of safe and legal abortion have had to shut down." PolitiFact confirmed that since 2011, seven abortion providers have closed and an eighth stopped performing surgical abortions. That’s half of the previous 16 providers in the state -- not more than half. Also, four of the eight providers closed for reasons associated with provisions in HB 59, which Kasich signed. But that law hasn’t been directly tied to the other four abortion providers’ decisions to shut down. We rate Richards’ statement .