chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Libya supplies the oil for China. We get no oil from Libya.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 4, 2011
Location: national
Topics: china;energy;foreign policy
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: But the data do not support his . Libya is far from being China’s chief supplier. It ranks ninth. The second part of his statement is  -- the U.S. does get oil from Libya and the percentage is likely to increase.. On the whole, we rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: Supreme Court nominee Merrick Garland "voted to uphold" D.C.'s ban on handguns.
Speaker: john whitbeck
About the speaker: John Whitbeck was elected chairman of the Republican Party of Virginia in 2015. He has a family law practice in Leesburg, Va.
A California native, Whitbeck got an A.B. degree in politics from Occidental College. He graduated from George Mason University's law school. 
Date: March 28, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: supreme court;guns
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: Whitbeck said Garland "voted to uphold" D.C.’s ban on handguns. Garland never heard the case about Washington’s gun law from the bench. It was ruled unconstitutional by a panel of three other judges on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, where Garland serves. Garland voted in favor of having the full court reconsider the case en banc - not an unusual step when a major decision bucks precedent. Randolph, a conservative judge on the appeals court who didn’t sit on the three-member panel, also voted to have the decision reconsidered en banc. It’s simply  to say Garland’s vote to reconsider the case is tantamount to a vote to uphold D.C.’s gun restriction or to extrapolate from it the nominee’s position on the case. So we rate Whitbeck’s  .
Statement: Photo shows Dianne Feinstein "bullying" Lisa Murkowski over "the now empty seat of the late Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 21, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: "Sadly, what was then a hypothetical is now a reality, but my position has not changed. "  The photo in this blog post is authentic, though we don’t know what, exactly, was happening as Feinstein and Murkowski huddled together in 2018. But the post wrongly gives the impression that this is a recent interaction connected to the political fight over whether to fill Ginsburg’s seat on the court before the election. It’s not. We rate this post .
Statement: A video shows "the COVID-19 vaccine when it hits your blood.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 16, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: No COVID-19 vaccines contain metals . This is the latest in a number of fabricated claims that suggest microscopic views show the vaccines contain problematic substances. The actual ingredients of vaccines are publicly available online thanks to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Read all about them here . We rate this post !
Statement: The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world.
Speaker: jim webb
About the speaker: Jim Webb is running for president of the United States in 2016.
Webb, a Democrat, served as a U.S. senator from Virginia in 2007-13. He served as the first Assistant Secreatry of Defense for Reserve Affairs and Secretary of the Navy in the Ronald Reagan administration.
Webb is a 1968 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and served as a Marine Corps infantry officer until 1972 and saw action in the Vietnam War, for which he was awarded the Navy Cross, Silver Star, two Bronze Stars and two Purple Hearts.
Webb was born in Saint Joseph, Mo. He also has a law degree from Georgetown Law Center, Washington, D.C. He has written fiction and nonfictions books and won an Emmy award for his 1983 PBS coverage of the U.S. Marines in Beirut. He frequently writes opinion columns for many publications.
Date: August 5, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: Webb said the U.S. has the highest incarceration rate in the world. The latest figures from the most comprehensive source show the U.S. is No. 2, behind Seychelles. There are data gaps for some countries, including such as North Korea whose prison figures can’t be verified but are estimated to be very high. That leaves the possibility that the U.S. could fall further down the list. It’s clear that the U.S. has one of the very highest incarceration rates in the world, but Webb’s  that it’s the top doesn’t quite check out. We rate his statement .
Statement: Three years ago, a newly elected President Obama told America that if Congress approved his plan to borrow nearly a trillion dollars, he would hold unemployment below 8 percent.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: February 4, 2012
Location: national
Topics: stimulus
Context: Las Vegas on Feb. 4, 2012
Fact-check justification: Romney didn't use the word "promise" as Boehner, Cantor and others did when we checked the same  previously, but the meaning is the same, that Obama was offering some sort of guarantee the stimulus would keep the unemployment rate below 8 percent. The administration never characterized it that way and included plenty of disclaimers saying the predictions had "significant margins of error" and a higher degree of uncertainty due to a recession that is "unusual both in its fundamental causes and its severity." In short, it was an economic projection with warnings of a high margin for error, not  a take-it-to-the-bank pledge of an upper limit on unemployment. Once again, we rate the statement .
Statement: Seventy percent of Americans "don't have a college degree.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: April 5, 2015
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;education
Context: an interview on "Face the Nation."
Fact-check justification: In making the point that Republicans need to reach out to the working class more, Santorum said that 70 percent of Americans don’t have a college degree. We found several measures that are close to the number Santorum cited. Overall, we rate his  . Correction, Apr. 14, 2015 : We rated this statement , but due to a production error, we initially published our fact-check with a logo that mistakenly indicated that we had rated it . We have fixed that logo. In addition, we have updated the math from our original version to include people who have a higher degree above a bachelor’s. The new data doesn’t change the rating, which remains .
Statement: Ukrainian civilian fleeing Kyiv captures footage of downed Russian tie fighter.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 2, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: One version of the video posted on YouTube is captioned, "Star Wars TIE fighter crashes on a German highway." The video also was mistakenly used by Israel’s Channel 13 news, which said it showed a downed Russian plane. "Viewers see what appears to be the remains of an aircraft on a major highway captured by the dashboard camera of a passerby," Israel Today reported . "But if the clip is slowed down just slightly, it becomes clear that the wreckage is that of an Imperial TIE Fighter, and its crew, two Imperial stormtroopers, are waiting patiently next to it for a ride." We rate the  that a Ukrainian civilian captured footage of a downed Russian plane .
Statement: Documents prove White House behind entire FBI targeting of Trump. Biden lied.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 24, 2022
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that "documents prove White House behind entire FBI targeting of Trump. Biden lied." The document at the center of this  does no such thing. It shows that the Justice Department reached out to White House Counsel’s Office to request that the National Archives be granted permission to share documents with the FBI. The Presidential Records Act requires that the request be made to the current president to turn over the National Archives documents to anyone. The Justice Department was first notified by the National Archives that the documents contained classified materials in February, which is what launched the investigation, according to a search warrant affidavit. The White House Counsel’s Office approved the FBI’s request for access to the documents in April, after the investigation started. Biden said he had no foreknowledge of the Mar-a-Lago search. This documentation does not dispute that. We rate this  .
Statement: Bank of America just pledged $1 billion dollars to Black Lives Matter.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 17, 2020
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Facebook posts  that Bank of America pledged to donate $1 billion to the Black Lives Matter movement. This isn’t . Bank of America announced it would donate the funds over the next four years to communities of color and minority-owned businesses that have experienced a greater impact from the COVID-19 health crisis. We rate this .
Statement: I want to freeze interest rates for five years.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: January 31, 2008
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Los Angeles, Calif
Fact-check justification: They also said that Clinton has offered a frustrating lack of specifics on how she would implement a largely voluntary plan. We agree with Thaler and Woodward that Clinton has omitted details of her plan, most notably at the California debate. Yes, it is easier to say "freeze interest rates" than "freeze interest rates in owner-occupied homes purchased with subprime mortgages." But that doesn't mean the short version is accurate. We find her overly broad synopsis of her plan to be .
Statement: 59 percent of Americans today believe that Barack Obama is still a Muslim.
Speaker: arsalan iftikhar
About the speaker: Arsalan Iftikhar is an international human rights lawyer, media commentator and author of the book Islamic Pacifism: Global Muslims in the Post-Osama Era. He serves as senior editor for the Islamic Monthly magazine. For nearly a decade, he was a regular, on-air, weekly commentator for National Public Radio.
Arsalan Iftikhar is an international human rights lawyer, global media commentator and author of the book Islamic Pacifism: Global Muslims in the Post-Osama Era. He also serves as Senior Editor for The Islamic Monthly magazine.
Date: November 22, 2015
Topics: candidate biography;race and ethnicity;polls and public opinion;punditfact
Context: a roundtable discussion on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Iftikhar said that "59 percent of Americans today believe that Barack Obama is still a Muslim." He later acknowledged to PolitiFact that he’d meant to say "Republicans" instead of "Americans," a switch that would have made his  closer to accurate (though still a bit high according to recent polls). In any case, PolitiFact fact-checks statements as they were made originally and to the widest audience, so we rate the statement .
Statement: Very few … if any" states have a minimum wage of $7.25 an hour.
Speaker: joe manchin
About the speaker: Joe Manchin is a U.S. senator from West Virginia. The former governor of West Virginia won a special election in November 2010 to complete the balance of the late Sen. Robert Byrd’s term.
Date: March 7, 2021
Location: west virginia
Topics: workers
Context: remarks on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Manchin said that "there’s very few, I would think, if any (states that) are at $7.25" for their minimum wage. In reality, 21 states have a minimum wage that’s equal to the federal minimum wage of $7.25. We rate the statement .
Statement: The U.S. "tax rate on successful small businesses is 44.6 percent," while the business tax rate in Canada is 15 percent.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: November 4, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: taxes
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: That would make the differences even starker." Our rating While arguing for tax reform, Ryan compared the difference in tax rates for small businesses in the United States  with the general business tax rate in Canada. He was right on both numbers. Indeed, if he used the small business rate in Canada, the gap would be even larger. We rate his  .
Statement: Seventy-six percent of the American people support us passing the DREAM Act … with citizenship and legalization as part of it all. … More than 60 percent of Republicans support that.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: September 18, 2017
Location: california
Topics: immigration
Context: a speech at Sacramento State University
Fact-check justification: Additional surveys show about two-thirds to three-quarters of respondents have backed a path to citizenship for immigrants brought to the U.S. illegally, under certain conditions. Pelosi’s  is backed up by the polling. We rate it .   – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The ship that was stuck in the Suez Canal was a planned or staged event.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: March 29, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The Evergreen Line released updates as the grounding situation unfolded, and on March 25 said it would "continue to coordinate with the shipowner and Suez Canal Authority to deal with the situation with the utmost urgency, ensuring the resumption of the voyage as soon as possible and to mitigate the effects of the incident. "  Crews used tugboats, large-capacity dredgers and high tides to excavate and pull the ship from the canal’s banks. The vessel was freed by around-the-clock digging (workers removed approximately 30,000 cubic meters of sand) and tugs that pushed and pulled it into the middle of the channel. Ever Given’s owner and insurers could face claims for loss of revenue and from other ships whose passage was disrupted, insurers and brokers told Reuters. We rate this post .
Statement: U.S. Sen. Bill Nelson was "the deciding vote for the health care law.
Speaker: 60 plus association
About the speaker: The 60 Plus Association is a conservative advocacy group for senior citizens, with a "free enterprise, less government, less taxes" approach. 
Date: June 6, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;health care;message machine 2012;voting record
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The 60 Plus Association says that Florida Sen. Bill Nelson cast the "deciding vote" for health care. The health care law required 60 votes, so Nelson's vote was crucial -- as were the other 59 votes. But describing Nelson as the "deciding vote" suggests he had some extraordinarily powerful role, and that’s not the case. Nelson had cautiously been a supporter for months as he tried to amend the law. We rate this  .
Statement: In the lame-duck session, "no power was taken away from the governor. Power was not taken away from the attorney general.
Speaker: roger roth
About the speaker: State Sen. Roger Roth of Appleton. Roth was the winner in the August 9, 2022 primary race for Lt. Gov. He will join gubernatorial candidate Tim Michels on the ticket for the November elections. 
Date: December 16, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;legal issues
Context: an appearance on "UpFront with Mike Gousha" on WISN-TV
Fact-check justification: Roth said lame-duck laws didn’t take any power away from the incoming governor or attorney general, contradicting even the explanation from other leaders in his party. His camp is promoting a narrow reading of "power," that refers only to the powers laid out in the state constitution. That’s a tremendous stretch that contradicts the dictionary definition. The lame-duck bills transparently limited Evers’ and Kaul’s power on numerous fronts, including appointments, spending and rule-making. Roth’s  is not only , it’s . We rate it .
Statement: Pot today is not the weed baby boomers were smoking.
Speaker: barbara dittrich
About the speaker: Elected to Assembly 2018. 
Date: February 16, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: drugs;marijuana
Context: Column
Fact-check justification: In a column, Dittrich said "pot today is not the weed baby boomers were smoking." Research shows that the THC content of marijuana has increased significantly since the 1970s amid shifting trends in the industry and a greater understanding of the cannabis plant.  We rate Dittrich’s  .
Statement: Nearly 46 million Americans don't have health insurance coverage today.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 11, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a town hall meeting
Fact-check justification: If you wanted to look at numbers just for "today," the number would likely be higher, but by how much we can't say. (The Department of Health and Human Services survey found that there were 57.7 million uninsured at some point during the first half of 2008, but we couldn't find a breakout for noncitizens.) So Obama is sloppy by saying it is for "Americans" but not accounting for the noncitizens, which leaves him off by about 22 percent. Yet it's likely his error is counterbalanced to some extent by the large number of people who have lost insurance during the recession. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Health insurance and medical costs "are going down because of Obamacare.
Speaker: ed schultz
About the speaker: Ed Schultz is the host of the Ed Show on MSNBC.
Date: March 24, 2014
Topics: elections;health care;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "The Ed Show"
Fact-check justification: Schultz said health care costs are going down due to Obamacare. Government data show decreases in January for the price of health insurance and health services. However, those measures can bounce around and if Schultz had looked a few months further back, he would have seen even steeper declines, followed by later increases. Plus, a drop in a price index doesn’t always translate into a lower price for the customer. Most analysts judge health care costs not by prices but overall spending. By that measure, costs continue to rise, albeit slowly. The impact of the Affordable Care Act on containing the cost of health care remains largely unproven. Schultz had some accurate numbers on prices but he was too quick to treat those as changes in costs and the role of the Affordable Care Act is sketchy for the time being. We rate the  .
Statement: Under Scott Walker's policies, "the typical Wisconsin family has actually seen their real income drop by nearly $3,000 in the last four years.
Speaker: mary burke
About the speaker: Burke is a former Trek Bicycle executive and former Wisconsin Commerce Department secretary who announced on Oct. 7, 2013 that she would seek the Democratic nomination for governor in Wisconsin in the fall 2014 election against incument Republican Gov. Scott Walker. She lost to Walker on Nov. 4, 2014. She is a school board member in Madison, Wisconsin.
Date: October 10, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;workers
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: The lingering effects of the national recession, Walker’s cuts to public workers’ disposable income, his tax cuts, the below-average pace of job creation, the national economy -- all those factors and more play into fluctuations in income. But in this instance Burke blames Walker for something that largely occurred before his watch, providing a distorted view for voters. Our rating Saying that his approach hasn’t worked, Burke blamed Walker for income losses, saying, "the typical Wisconsin family has actually seen their real income drop by nearly $3,000 in the last four years." While median household income in Wisconsin has fallen $2,743 in four years, most of the drop occurred before Walker took office in 2011, We rate the  . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel’s  web page .
Statement: 21% of people are having serious adverse events from (the Moderna) vaccine.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 6, 2020
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a video shared on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A video shared on social media says that 21% of people getting the Moderna vaccine had a serious adverse reaction. The actual number is .5%. That was the same level for the placebo group. There is no indication the vaccine caused any of these serious events. We rate this  .