chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Republican state lawmakers "are refusing to give the people of their own states their own tax dollars back in the form of (expanded) Medicaid.
Speaker: thom hartmann
About the speaker: Thom Hartmann is a liberal TV and radio talk show host. He hosts The Big Picture, which airs on RT.
Date: December 12, 2013
Topics: health care;taxes;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "The Big Picture"
Fact-check justification: Hartmann said that by rejecting an expansion to Medicaid, Republican state lawmakers are not allowing their residents to get their own tax dollars back. That is most accurate for the first three years of the program when the federal government pays 100 percent of the cost of care for newly enrolled people. Beyond that point, the results could vary. While it is always  that wealthier taxpayers in all states pay into the program and that the only way to get some of that back is through participating in the expansion, that doesn’t mean that in every state, the total tax burden due to Medicaid wouldn’t rise over the long haul. There is a body of studies that point to gains for the states, but a range of outcomes is possible. Hartmann did not address the longer term uncertainties. PunditFact uses predictions about the future very cautiously. We put more weight on what is known in the short term than what is projected many years out. In this case, the first three years clearly support Hartmann’s  and the period beyond that is subject to debate. We rate the statement .
Statement: Woonsocket needs a garbage-burning power plant because "residents are paying through the nose for electricity that's fueled by foreign oil, at prices that are skyrocketing.
Speaker: jon brien
About the speaker: Jon Brien served as a state representative from Woonsocket for six years, from 2007 through 2012.
Date: March 22, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: environment;economy;energy
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: No, it’s not. Nationally, oil produces less than one percent of the nation’s electricity, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Bottom line: an extremely small percentage of Rhode Island’s and New England’s electricity comes from high-priced foreign oil. One would expect a state representative who is pushing a power plant in his district to know that. We rule his statement .
Statement: Henry Kissinger's "deathbed confession" shows "Adolf Hitler was buried in Spain" and lived to age 68.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 3, 2022
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claims that Kissinger in a death bed confession released a 1971 memo that shows that Hitler was hidden in Spain after World War II and died there at age 68. But the memo is an altered version of a real 1971 memo to Kissinger about elections in Uruguay, according to a National Security Archive researcher who published the original document in 2002.  Most historians agree that Hitler died by suicide in a Berlin bunker in 1945.  We rate this  !
Statement: The reason why Cubans don't have access to 21st century telecommunications — like smart phones, like access to the Internet — is because it is illegal in Cuba.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: December 17, 2014
Location: national
Topics: economy;foreign policy;technology
Fact-check justification: Rubio said that rather than the U.S. embargo, the reason why Cubans "don't have access to 21st century telecommunications — like smart phones, like access to the Internet — is because it is illegal in Cuba." "Illegal" is probably the  word. There are some ways to legally access the Internet in Cuba, but not in one's home, or on mobile devices, and not by connecting to the full World Wide Web. Internet use is primarily restricted to government-run access points that are heavily monitored. The usage rates, set by the regime, are so expensive that it is cost prohibitive for most Cubans to log on. Political dissenters are barred from publishing online and are punished if they do. The end result is similar to full prohibition: Cuba has one of the lowest rates of Internet access in the world. The U.S. sanctions have played a role in limited availability of technology. However, Rubio is right that the Cuban government has nearly complete control over the Internet. That isn’t a result of sanctions on telecommunication business activity in Cuba. Even if the United States fully repeals its embargo, government control over Internet access could continue. We rate Rubio’s statement .
Statement: Brian Kemp "dismissed concerns about voter fraud in the 2020 election" and "widespread illegal ballot harvesting continued, electing two Democrat senators.
Speaker: get georgia right
About the speaker: Get Georgia Right is a conservative super PAC. 
Date: April 8, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: elections;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Get Georgia Right, a conservative super PAC, said Kemp "dismissed concerns about voter fraud in the 2020 election" and "widespread illegal ballot harvesting continued, electing two Democrat senators." Kemp dismissed claims of voter fraud after investigations showed there was no  that such fraud happened in the 2020 election or in the January 2021 runoffs. Two Georgia Democrats were elected to the U.S. Senate in the runoffs and their election results were certified by state officials in Georgia who were Republicans. The  that illegal ballot harvesting happened in Georgia is not proven. We rate the  . RELATED: David Perdue’s PolitiFact file RELATED: Brian Kemp’s PolitiFact file RELATED: Stacey Abrams’ PolitiFact file RELATED : Fact-checks about Georgia
Statement: The 2008 election was the first election in which voters of color comprised over 25 percent of the electorate, and that number is going up.
Speaker: mac heller
About the speaker: Mac Heller and Tim Smith are co executive producers of Rigged: The Voter Suppression Playbook documentary.
Date: April 7, 2019
Location: national
Topics: elections;race and ethnicity
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Heller said, "The 2008 election was the first election in which voters of color comprised over 25 percent of the electorate, and that number is going up." His literal point about the electorate is  correct. Within the body of people eligible to vote in 2008, nearly 27 percent were minorities. This was up by about 2 percentage points in 2004. The minority share of the electorate reached about 31 percent in the 2016 presidential election.   Keeping in mind he was not referring to actual voters, we rate this statement .
Statement: Obama's Ten Point Plan to 'Change' The Second Amendment….Ban the manufacture, sale and possession of handguns.
Speaker: national rifle association
About the speaker: An advocacy group that fights restrictions on the right to bear arms.
Date: August 1, 2008
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a direct mail piece
Fact-check justification: At the Democratic presidential debate in Philadelphia on April 16, 2008, Obama said: "I have never favored an all-out ban on handguns." His vote in 2004, for a bill that authorized the Illinois State Police to issue concealed weapon permits to retired police officers and military police officers, supports that . Furthermore, as a state legislator and U.S. senator, Obama has had plenty of opportunity to propose a ban on handguns, and has never done so. Obama's alleged endorsement of a proposed state law in 1996 does not add up to a plan to ban handguns, particularly in light of  to the contrary that has accumulated since then. We find the NRA's  to be .
Statement: Homemade baby formula recipes offer a 'viable option' during U.S. shortage
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 12, 2022
Location: national
Topics: children;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Social media users are sharing homemade infant formula recipes amid the shortage and are claiming that homemade formula is safe.  Pediatricians and organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics and FDA all advise against making and feeding homemade baby formula to infants. These recipes can rob babies of essential nutrients needed for development and may also lead to risks of contamination and infection. Such recipes aren’t considered safe and should not replace store-bought formula. We rate posts stating otherwise .
Statement: No one in the private sector gets unlimited accruals of vacation and sick leave.
Speaker: ed turanchik
About the speaker: Ed Turanchik is a candidate for mayor in Tampa's nonpartisan elections on March 1, 2011. He previously served on the Hillsborough County Commission from 1990-98.
Date: December 9, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: public service;retirement
Context: an interview with 'Creative Loafing'
Fact-check justification: Turanchik's description of Tampa's benefits package is largely correct. He's also right that it's rare for a private business to offer unlimited accumulation of sick leave with a large payout upon retirement. Unlimited vacation also is rare. But his original statement was "no one" in the private sector gets unlimited vacation and sick leave. Several studies say that's not  -- though very few of those companies will pay for unused sick time upon retirement as the city does. The essence of his point is correct, and we rate Turanchik's statement .
Statement: Twitter is banned in Iran.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 13, 2020
Topics: iran;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post declares: "Twitter is banned in Iran." Officially, it is, though many Iranians find a way to use the platform, as does the country’s top leaders. We rate the statement .
Statement: For the first time in American history, if you're seeking asylum ... you can't do it from the United States. … You've got to seek asylum from abroad.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: February 16, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a CNN town hall
Fact-check justification: Biden’s administration has said it will no longer send asylum seekers to Mexico. Asylum law also extends to people who already live in the United States and are not in deportation proceedings. Even when the Remain in Mexico program was in effect, people already in the United States who applied for asylum were not necessarily sent out of the country to wait for a resolution of their case. Biden’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Texas has "outstripped the national poverty rate" since "at least 1959.
Speaker: bee moorhead
About the speaker: Bee Moorhead, executive director of a nonpartisan statewide group, Texas Impact, was fact-checked in April 2013 after she made a comment as a private citizen about voting patterns in Austin.
Date: September 29, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: economy;poverty;states
Context: the Austin American-Statesman
Fact-check justification: Moorhead said Texas has "outstripped the national poverty rate" since "at least 1959." Available poverty rates for select years through 1979 and for 1980 through 2014 back up this statement. Yet poverty rates don’t appear to be available for many earlier years. Also, a new supplemental poverty measure makes a case for the same share of Texans and Americans lately living in poverty provided regional differences in housing costs are factored in. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Because of President Barack Obama's failure to "push job creation," the black unemployment rate in Ferguson, Mo., is three times higher than the white unemployment rate.
Speaker: lou dobbs
About the speaker: Lou Dobbs is a television host on Fox Business Network. He was formerly the host of CNN’s ‘Lou Dobbs Tonight’.
Date: August 19, 2014
Topics: criminal justice;jobs;punditfact
Context: comments on Fox News' "America's Newsroom"
Fact-check justification: Dobbs said that because Obama failed to "push job creation," the black unemployment rate in Ferguson is three times higher than the white unemployment rate. First and foremost, Dobbs’ numbers are off. The most recent and best available statistics say the black unemployment rate is 1.9 times higher than the white unemployment rate in Ferguson (16 percent to 8.5 percent). Second, that has little to do with Obama. Since the Bureau of Labor Statistics began keeping data in 1954, African-Americans have been nationwide are more likely to be unemployed than whites. We rate Dobbs’  .
Statement: Iran's defense budget is $30 billion. Our defense budget is closer to $600 billion.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 5, 2015
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;nuclear
Context: an interview with the 'New York Times.'
Fact-check justification: Obama said that "Iran’s defense budget is $30 billion. Our defense budget is closer to $600 billion." The highest estimate we found for Iran’s total defense spending was $18 billion. That is significantly less than Obama said, although if anything, it supports his argument more than the number he used. Obama gave himself some wiggle room on American defense spending. It is actually a bit higher than $600 billion but his phrasing is pretty close. With the caveat that Obama overstated Iran’s military spending, we rate the  . Note: This  was fact-checked as part of a reward to our Kickstarter campaign to live fact-check the 2015 State of the Union. Thanks to all who contributed.
Statement: Senator Cryin' Chuck Schumer fought hard against the Bad Iran Deal, even going at it with President Obama, & then Voted AGAINST it! Now he says I should not have terminated the deal
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 10, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: iran;nuclear
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said Schumer wants to keep the U.S. in the Iran nuclear deal after opposing it three years ago. That’s all . Schumer came out against the Iran deal and voted to reject it in 2015. He disagreed with Trump’s decision to leave the deal this month, saying the U.S. should have threatened Iran with tougher sanctions alongside the nuclear restrictions. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Even after collective bargaining reforms, most Wisconsin public employees "are still paying about 12 to 13 percent" of their health insurance premiums, while most state residents who work in the private sector "pay 20 to 25 percent.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: November 27, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;state budget;unions
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: But he said the proportion of public employees is so small that the federal figures still provide a solid estimate of how much private-sector employees are paying for health insurance. Our rating Walker said that even after his collective bargaining reforms, most Wisconsin public employees "are still paying about 12 to 13 percent" of their health insurance premiums, while most state residents who work in the private sector "pay 20 to 25 percent." The available figures indicate many if not most public employees are paying at or less than 12 percent and Walker was right on the private-sector workers part of his . We rate his statement . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel website .
Statement: Video shows singer Tim McGraw talking about diet gummies.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 16, 2023
Topics: after the fact
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We looked for but didn’t find any connection between McGraw’s weight loss and Dr. Mehmet Oz, whom the voice that’s supposedly McGraw’s refers to in the video.   In 2019, McGraw did talk to Entertainment Tonight about dropping 40 pounds, but he chalked that loss up to eating healthier and exercising more — not diet gummies. Finally, when we clicked on the link in the Facebook post to "learn more" about McGraw’s alleged offer, it led to a page advertising "BigOven recipes and meal planner." McGraw isn’t mentioned, nor are diet gummies or belly melt kits. We rate this post .
Statement: Unlawful presence (in the United States) is not a crime.
Speaker: florida conference of catholic bishops
About the speaker: This group lobbies state government on behalf of the Catholic Bishops of Florida.
Date: March 15, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;legal issues
Context: a Florida House subcommittee hearing
Fact-check justification: Delgado of the Florida Conference of Catholic Bishops said, "Unlawful presence (in the United States) is not a crime." It is generally accurate that the simple act of being in the United States illegally is not, by itself, a crime. Rather, it’s a civil violation that puts the individual at risk for deportation, but not for criminal prosecution. However, it’s worth noting that someone who is unlawfully present might still have committed a related crime by entering the United States after having been deported, for instance, or entering in an illegal manner. We rate the statement .
Statement: Cities like Seattle have decided to ban food carts.
Speaker: randy leonard
About the speaker: Randy Leonard was elected to the Portland City Council in 2002. Before that, he served for 25 years in the Portland Fire Bureau and nine years in the Oregon State Legislature. He graduated from Portland State University with a degree in history.
Date: December 1, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: food safety;regulation
Context: a city council meeting
Fact-check justification: So in Seattle fixed food pods aren’t allowed and only certain food items can be sold from sidewalk food carts. But neither of those factors translate into a city ban on food carts, as Leonard said. Yet the statement contains some element of . We rate it . Comment on this item.
Statement: It's safer to be unvaccinated than vaccinated against COVID-19.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 2, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: Breakthrough cases: The CDC’s latest data on breakthrough cases — people who become infected with COVID-19 after being vaccinated — says that as of July 26, of the more than 163 million people who had been fully vaccinated, 6,587 were hospitalized or died in the 49 states and territories that report their data to the CDC. Of the 1,263 deaths, 309 were reported as asymptomatic or not related to COVID-19.   The nonprofit Kaiser Family Foundation drilled down to infection rates, finding that among 25 states that report breakthrough cases publicly, the infection rate is well below 1%, ranging from 0.01% in Connecticut to 0.29% in Alaska. The CDC has found  suggesting that, although it’s rare for vaccinated people to become infected, those who do can spread the virus as readily as unvaccinated people who get infected.   We rate the  that it’s safer to be unvaccinated than vaccinated against COVID-19 as .
Statement: Experts estimate that 40 percent of gun sales occur in no-questions-asked transactions that often take place at gun shows or on the Internet.
Speaker: hannah willard
About the speaker: Hannah Willard is public policy director for Equality Florida, a group that advocates for the state's LGBTQ community,
Date: March 16, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: guns
Context: the Florida Capitol
Fact-check justification: Willard said, "Experts estimate that 40 percent of gun sales occur in no-questions asked transactions that often take place at gun shows or on the Internet." That statistic was already questionable, but by now it’s been definitively overtaken by a new study. The author of the old paper points to the paper published in January as the best estimate available, and it came up with a figure of 22 percent — just over half the percentage in the long-standing talking point. We rate the statement .