chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Video shows Hillary Clinton being arrested.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 9, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: She was flanked by several Secret Service agents "who are regulars on her detail," the Post said. A campaign spokesperson told the newspaper that Clinton got overheated.   We rate claims that this video shows her getting arrested ! RELATED: Another Clinton body count hoax — this one starring JFK Jr. — is
Statement: Says Texas GOP platform calls for end to teaching "critical thinking" in public schools.
Speaker: gail collins
About the speaker: Gail Collins is a columnist with the New York Times. She previously served on the New York Times editorial board and as a columnist for the New York Daily News and Newsday.
Date: August 1, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: her New York Times column
Fact-check justification: As Collins says, the Texas GOP platform does state that the party opposes "critical thinking." But Collins leaves out some important context. The platform makes it clear that its opposition is centered on one type of education model: outcome-based education. That’s just the kind of situation addressed in PolitiFact’s definition of : "The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context." By those lights, Collins’ statement is .
Statement: Says replacing NC Supreme Court Chief Justice with most experienced justice is a "longstanding, nonpartisan tradition.
Speaker: north carolina republican party
About the speaker: The N.C. GOP is a political party in North Carolina
Date: February 12, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: supreme court
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The NC GOP  has a kernel of , but distorts the partisan nature of chief justice appointments over the last 50 years. We rate this  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] .
Statement: Says Joe Biden "has issued more executive fiats than anyone in such a short period of time, ever, more than Obama, more than Trump, more than anyone.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: January 22, 2021
Topics: history;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Still, the available  on the number of directives issued supports Rubio’s . We rate it . RELATED : Which campaign promises did Joe Biden tackle first? RELATED : Here's what Donald Trump did his first week as president of the United States
Statement: Says he has nearly 200 delegates bound to support his candidacy at the Republican National Convention.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: June 6, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an online message to supporters
Fact-check justification: If enough yet-to-be-chosen or yet-to-declare delegates go Paul’s way, he could land nearly 200 delegates. However, we rate claims based on what’s known when the claims are made. Paul had 137 delegates when he wrote supporters about shattering predictions. We rate his statement .
Statement: DISGRUNTLED EX-EMPLOYEE? Twitter CEO Elon Musk's account is presently suspended.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 4, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Other independent fact-checking organizations, including The Associated Press and Lead Stories , have also debunked the . The erroneous Nov. 4 post is just the latest iteration of an old . Similar Musk’s-account-is-suspended claims surfaced in July when he tried to back out of the deal to acquire Twitter; PolitiFact determined those claims were bogus, too.   There is no merit to the  that a "disgruntled ex-employee" suspended Musk’s Twitter account. We rate this  !
Statement: Says Donald Trump campaigned on not cutting Medicare and Social Security, but his nominee for the Secretary of Health and Human Services, Tom Price, "made his career on cutting Medicare and Medicaid.
Speaker: charles schumer
About the speaker: Charles Schumer is a Democratic senator from New York and the Senate majority leader.
Date: January 3, 2017
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;medicaid;medicare;social security
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Schumer said, "Donald Trump said when he campaigned he wouldn't cut Medicare and Social Security" but his nominee for the Secretary of Health and Human Services "made his career on cutting Medicare and Medicaid." Price, Trump’s HHS pick, has supported reducing the government’s role in Medicare and block granting Medicaid, which would amount to spending reductions to both programs. While it’s clear these proposals would reduce federal spending on the health safety nets, experts say it’s not the same thing as gutting the programs entirely. Trump did pledge to leave Medicare and Social Security alone, and Price’s positions seem at odds with that. (It’s worth noting that Social Security isn’t administered by HHS). We rate Schumer’s  .
Statement: Says more Austinites voted in the city's 1973 election featuring a mayor's race than in the city's most recent mayoral election.
Speaker: bee moorhead
About the speaker: Bee Moorhead, executive director of a nonpartisan statewide group, Texas Impact, was fact-checked in April 2013 after she made a comment as a private citizen about voting patterns in Austin.
Date: April 23, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: elections;history
Context: a civic summit
Fact-check justification: Moorhead tweeted that more Austinites voted in the city’s 1973 election featuring a mayor’s race than in the city’s most recent mayoral election. Nearly 63,500 voters cast ballots in April 1973. Less than 49,400 participated in May 2012. We rate this  as .
Statement: It is shocking to me that Police Commissioner Richard Ross and Mayor Jim Kenney allowed this illegal occupation to go on for hours without taking any action to enforce the law…
Speaker: martina white
About the speaker: PA State Rep.
Date: August 31, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: crime
Context: In a statement to the Northeast Times
Fact-check justification: White said protesters rallying outside the home of Pownall, who shot and killed Jones, were engaged in an "illegal occupation." The protesters, which numbered no more than 10, had not applied for a permit. But Philadelphia doesn’t require demonstrations featuring less than 75 people to apply for permits. The protesters were also not blocking the streets or the sidewalks of the neighborhood, actions that would also call for a permit.    We rule the  .
Statement: Says Rep. Matt Gaetz and Sen. Ted Cruz took two weeks paid sick leave to self-quarantine. Gaetz "voted in 2013 to make it illegal for any city in Florida to enact paid sick leave," and Cruz "voted in 2015 in the U.S. Senate against paid sick leave.
Speaker: occupy democrats
About the speaker: Occupy Democrats, founded in 2012, is an advocacy group created to counterbalance the Republican tea party, and to "give President Obama and other progressive Democrats a Congress that will work with them to grow the economy, create jobs, promote fairness and fight inequality, and get money out of politics!"
Date: March 12, 2020
Location: florida
Topics: congress;public health;facebook fact-checks;texas
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post by Occupy Democrats said Gaetz and Cruz took two weeks paid sick leave to self-quarantine. Gaetz "voted in 2013 to make it illegal for any city in Florida to enact paid sick leave" and Cruz "voted in 2015 in the U.S. Senate against paid sick leave." The post correctly notes that Gaetz and Cruz have voted against paid sick leave. But it goes  in saying that the two men are on paid sick leave now. They’re actually working from home, and their positions give them that discretion. However, it’s important to note that they can’t vote remotely on matters before Congress.  The  is partially accurate but leaves out important context. We rate it .
Statement: An April 7, 2015 referendum would take "the choice of chief justice" of the Wisconsin Supreme Court "away from the people.
Speaker: greater wisconsin committee
About the speaker: The Greater Wisconsin Committee is a liberal group active in Wisconsin state politics, from legislative races to statewide offices. It receives money from a variety of sources, including labor unions. Its campaign ads are typically done through the Greater Wisconsin Political Fund.
Date: March 30, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;legal issues;states;supreme court
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: Currently, the justice who has served longest is automatically made chief justice. If the chief comes up for re-election for a seat on the court, voters can, in effect, make that person the chief for 10 more years by re-electing him or her to a new 10-year term. However, often voters never get such an opportunity. A justice becomes chief by virtue of seniority, but may then leave the court altogether before facing re-election, as has occurred several times in recent history prior to Abrahamson. For a statement that contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is .
Statement: CDC "will revoke the emergency use authorization" of the PCR COVID tests because those tests don't differentiate between COVID and flu viruses. "Translation: They've been adding flu cases to Covid cases when using that test.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 25, 2021
Topics: public health;health check;coronavirus
Context: social media
Fact-check justification: Social media posts claimed the CDC was revoking its emergency use authorization request for its COVID test because it couldn’t differentiate between the COVID virus and flu viruses. While the CDC is withdrawing its EUA request for the 2019-nCoV RT-PCR test, it is not because the test is faulty. Rather, it’s because the agency is concerned that, with flu season approaching, patients with respiratory illness symptoms should be screened for both the flu and COVID. The patients shouldn’t be tested for COVID alone, because flu cases might be missed. The statements made in these Facebook posts are not accurate. We rate this  .
Statement: A CDC study found that "mask mandates made no statistical difference" on coronavirus case rates.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 13, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: Texas Scorecard wrote that a CDC study found that "Mask Mandates Made No Statistical Difference" on coronavirus case rates.  That’s  and amounts to a  reading of a study that actually found the opposite: Mask mandates were associated with statistically significant decreases in county-level daily COVID-19 case and death growth rates. ! ​
Statement: Says Gov. Tony Evers and Lt. Gov. Mandela Barnes, after police shooting of Jacob Blake, "did not call for peace. They did not encourage calm.
Speaker: howard marklein
About the speaker: Howard Marklein of Spring Green represents the 17 district in the Wisconsin State Senate.
Date: August 25, 2020
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;guns;wisconsin
Context: News release
Fact-check justification: Marklein claimed that Evers and Barnes,  after the police shooting of Jacob Blake, "did not call for peace. They did not encourage calm." The governor did not call for peace and calm in his statement hours after the incident. But in a video statement posted the next day, Evers urged people planning to protest to "do so peacefully." That said, his most direct comments -- saying the Kenosha protests went too far -- didn’t come until after Marklein’s statement.  We rate Marklein’s  .
Statement: In the last decade, 73% of new jobs (in Wisconsin) have come from Madison.
Speaker: mark pocan
About the speaker: Mark Pocan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2nd Congressional District on Nov. 6, 2012. He is from Madison and previously served as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin state Assembly. 
Date: December 8, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs
Context: an appearance on Fox News
Fact-check justification: But the symposium occurred with three months left in 2014. Full-year data for 2004-14 shows Dane County accounted for 55 percent of the job growth statewide in that span. Our rating In his defense of Madison, Pocan highlighted the area’s job creation by saying the city is responsible for 73 percent of new jobs in the state over the last decade. But his  attributed Dane County data to Madison, referred to "new jobs" when he meant job growth and was built on two-year-old data that is  itself. We rate his  .
Statement: In 2010 alone, 1,270 infants were reported to have died following attempted abortions and notably that is only one year.
Speaker: americans united for life
About the speaker: Americans United for Life is an anti-abortion law firm and advocacy group based in Washington, D.C.
Date: April 9, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: abortion
Context: a committee hearing on SB 1636
Fact-check justification: Yoest said 1,270 infants in 2010 "were reported to have died following attempted abortions." The figure is based on an "other" category of perinatal deaths, but it does not mean what she says it means. Included in this category are babies who die of various other issues, mainly heart problems. We rate her statement .
Statement: America is No. 1 in wind power.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 20, 2015
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: the State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: Obama said "America is No. 1 in wind power." China is actually the leader in the overall capacity for generating wind power. But the United States has overtaken China in terms of the actual amount of electricity wind power it generates.  Both countries plan to continue to expand wind capacity -- China more than the United States --  but they also both face challenges to expanding capacity and generation. We rate the  .
Statement: Quotes Ronald Reagan as saying, "Under no pretext should arms and ammunition be surrendered; any attempts to disarm the people must be stopped, by force if necessary.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 17, 2019
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Melissa Giller, the organization’s chief marketing officer, told us that they searched all of their archival records and couldn’t find a reference to the quote.   Searching online we also couldn’t find a credible source attributing it to Reagan, though in 1983 he told the NRA he would "never disarm any American who seeks to protect his or her family from fear and harm," according to Newsweek.   But several sources, like The Collegian , Walla Walla University’s student newspaper in Washington state, cited German philosopher Karl Marx as the author of the Facebook post quote.    According to the Collected Works of Karl Marx , he said it during an 1850 address to the Communist League in London.   The Facebook post is , so we rate its  .
Statement: Says state Senate candidate Aaron Bean voted to give health care subsidies to illegal immigrants.
Speaker: floridians for ethics and truth in politics
About the speaker: Floridians for Ethics and Truth in Politics is a group that supports Sen. Mike Weinstein.
Date: August 13, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;health care
Context: an attack ad
Fact-check justification: Floridians for Ethics and  in Politics says Bean voted to give health care subsidies to illegal immigrants. The group, however, misrepresents the bill’s intent by saying "not qualified legal aliens" is the same as "illegal immigrants." That’s not . The bottom line is HB 7189 -- which never passed -- would have applied to children legally allowed to be in the United States. We rate the  .
Statement: Under Tom Barrett's leadership, violent crime in Milwaukee has decreased by over 20% -- to its lowest levels in more than 20 years.
Speaker: tom barrett
About the speaker: Tom Barrett served as the 44th mayor of Milwaukee from 2004 until 2021. The mayoral position is non-partisan. A member of the Democratic Party, he was previously elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly (1984–1989), Wisconsin Senate (1989–1993) and U.S. House of Representatives (1993–2003).
Barrett lost bids for governor in 2002, 2010 and in the 2012 recall race against Gov. Scott Walker. He was sworn in as U.S. ambassador to Luxembourg on Dec. 23, 2021.
Date: September 21, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: crime
Context: a statement on campaign web site
Fact-check justification: In , the 20-year high point for violent crime was in 2006, two years into Barrett’s term. All that cherry-picking leaves voters with a  impression -- and leaves us with a sour taste. We rate the statement . Note (Sept. 23, 2010) : In response to this item, the Barrett campaign changed the statement in question to make it accurate.
Statement: Says Democratic candidate for state school superintendent Alisha Thomas Morgan voted to slash funding for the preschool programs for disabled and special needs students.
Speaker: valarie wilson
About the speaker: Valarie Wilson, a Democrat, is a candidate for Georgia school superintendent. Wilson is a former chairwoman of the Decatur school board, former president of Georgia School Boards Association, served on Governor Nathan Deal’s Education Advisory Board and was a member of the Decatur Education Foundation. 
Date: May 14, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: a pamphlet
Fact-check justification: These programs represent a small fraction of the state’s multibillion-dollar annual budget. PolitiFact has encountered many cases where candidates accuse elected officials of supporting cuts without noting that these votes were parts of larger budget decisions. Wilson’s attack against Morgan omits key context. It is accurate but .    We rate the statement as .
Statement: The economy began its nose dive when Democrats took control of Congress in January 2007.
Speaker: virginia foxx
About the speaker: Virginia Foxx is a Republican member of the House of Representatives from North Carolina.
Date: March 9, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: a speech on the House floor
Fact-check justification: We agree. The  shows that the economy did not "nose dive" for at least a year after the Democrats took control of Congress, and experts of various ideological backgrounds agree that long-term trends in the housing and energy markets played a bigger role in directly causing the recession. While what happens in Washington can certainly influence the economy, it is only one of many factors. We believe it is the height of partisan wishful thinking to imply that one party's accession to power in Congress is to blame for a major recession. !
Statement: Mehmet Oz "was a spokesman for a group who wanted to defund the police.
Speaker: pennsylvania conservative fund
About the speaker: Pennsylvania Conservative Fund is a super PAC that was formed to oppose Dr. Mehmet Oz’s 2022 run for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate in Pennsylvania.
Date: April 21, 2022
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: candidate biography;criminal justice;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Pennsylvania Conservative Fund claimed that Oz "was a spokesman for a group who wanted to defund the police." This is not accurate. The  is tied to a group called California Endowment. Oz did one ad sponsored by the group, but it was to promote the Affordable Care Act in 2010, not in favor of defunding the police. Oz’s involvement was limited to that one ad; he did not work directly for the California Endowment. California Endowment has not endorsed defunding the police, but its president has advocated for transferring resources from police to other services. Regardless of the organization’s stance on police funding, the ad in which Oz appeared was unrelated to this issue. We rate the  . RELATED: Fact-checking a super PAC attack on Dr. Oz over defunding police, Obamacare, COVID-19, immigration RELATED: The race for the Pennsylvania U.S. Senate seat: A guide RELATED: Fact-checks in the Pennsylvania U.S. Senate race
Statement: We get 30 percent of our oil from the Gulf (of Mexico).
Speaker: orrin hatch
About the speaker: Orrin Hatch is a Republican senator from Utah.
Date: June 16, 2010
Location: national
Topics: energy;oil spill
Context: an interview on the Fox Business network
Fact-check justification: If that spigot were shut off entirely, the economy would surely suffer. But the current moratorium does not involve shutting off the spigot entirely, only delaying new drilling projects for six months to grapple with the consequences of a disaster of historic proportions. More directly relevant for judging Hatch's statement, we think a reasonable person would conclude that the senator was saying that 30 percent of the oil used in the United States comes from the Gulf -- a comment that overstates the actual share by nearly a factor of four. That's not a trivial difference when Hatch is using the statistic to back up his contention that Gulf oil is simply too vital to the economy to overregulate. So we rate Hatch's comment .