chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: On the Iraq war, "I said it loud and clear, 'You'll destabilize the Middle East.'
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 13, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;debates;iraq
Context: a Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: On the Iraq war, Trump said, "I said it loud and clear, 'You'll destabilize the Middle East.' " Maybe Trump felt this way privately, but he made no publicly reported comments in the lead-up to the Iraq War that reflect this sentiment. He certainly did not say it "loud and clear." We could only find one example of Trump commenting on the Iraq War before the invasion, and he seemed apprehensive but not vehemently opposed to the operation. He only started publicly denouncing the war after it started. Because he far overstated how loudly he declared his position on the Iraq War, we’re cranking the rating on this statement up to . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/32ee4b83-02ae-4423-b6dd-27703fb47c6c
Statement: America is a nation of builders. We built the Empire State Building in just one year. Isn't it a disgrace that it can now take 10 years just to get a minor permit approved for the building of a simple road?
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 30, 2018
Location: national
Topics: infrastructure;regulation
Context: the State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "America is a nation of builders. We built the Empire State Building in just one year. Isn’t it a disgrace that it can now take 10 years just to get a minor permit approved for a simple road?" The Empire State Building was constructed in one year and 45 days — which means that part of Trump’s  was pretty close. Recent government studies say the permit approval time ranges from 4.6 to 6.6 years. The only study we found that claims a 10-year approval is common comes from a pro-deregulation group, which raises questions about its reliability. We rate this .
Statement: As we watch the news from Colorado with horror and sympathy for the families, we should remember that each day more than 80 Americans are killed by gunfire, unnecessary tragedies.
Speaker: rush holt
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Rush Holt is a Democrat representing New Jersey's 12th district.
Date: July 20, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: guns
Context: an e-mail newsletter
Fact-check justification: Holt said, "As we watch the news from Colorado with horror and sympathy for the families, we should remember that each day more than 80 Americans are killed by gunfire, unnecessary tragedies." It’s  that more than 80 people died daily in firearm-related incidents, according to the most recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Suicides represent a significant majority of that figure and that’s an important detail Holt’s statement lacks. While commenting on a mass shooting, he cites a statistic inflated by individuals who took their own lives. Saying more than 80 Americans are "killed by gunfire" each day in this context suggests those victims were shot by somebody else, not themselves. Still, it is  that guns are involved in more than 80 deaths a day nationwide. Overall, we rate this  . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: 60% of patients admitted to the hospital in the UK have been fully vaccinated
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 21, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said "60% of the people admitted to hospitals with covid have been double vaccinated." The  was based on a misstatement by a U.K. health official. The official issued a correction where he said he meant to say that 60% of hospitalized patients were unvaccinated. The post didn’t acknowledge the correction. We rate this  .
Statement: In Africa, a child dies every minute because of (malaria).
Speaker: tim ziemer
About the speaker: Read admiral Tim Ziemer is director of the President's Malaria Initiative.
Date: January 20, 2016
Topics: global news service;foreign policy;public health
Context: an article posted on Medium
Fact-check justification: Ziemer wrote that malaria kills a child in Africa each minute. His staff at USAID said that figure is off. A better estimate is that a child dies every 1 minute 48 seconds. But even that figure comes with a measure of uncertainty. The actual death rate could be higher or lower. By any estimate, malaria remains a serious threat to children in Africa. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Miami-Dade Circuit Court Judge Milton Hirsch "is constantly overturned.
Speaker: richard corcoran
About the speaker: Richard Corcoran is Florida's appointed education commissioner. He was elected to the state House in 2010 and served as House Speaker 2016-2018.
Date: July 3, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: legal issues;guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: But Corcoran didn’t point to any data about how often Hirsch has been overturned after ruling in thousands of cases since 2010. Instead, Corcoran pointed to Hirsch’s rulings in six other cases. Corcoran is exaggerating when he suggests this handful of cases constitutes being "constantly overturned." We found Hirsch had been upheld about 160 times and overturned six times and then affirmed in part in another six cases. We rate this  .
Statement: It was under Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton that changed the rules of engagement that probably cost (Capt. Humayun Khan's) life.
Speaker: katrina pierson
About the speaker: Katrina Pierson is Republican communications consultant. She is the national spokesperson for Donald Trump.
Date: August 2, 2016
Location: national
Topics: iraq;military
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Pierson said, "It was under Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton that changed the rules of engagement that probably cost (Capt. Khan’s) life." First, Pierson’s point about rules of engagement is  and irrelevant. Under the rules of engagement in 2004 and today, Khan would have been able to use deadly force to defend himself. More importantly, Khan died five years before Obama became president and Clinton his secretary of state. We rate Pierson’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/a0603905-51a6-4a12-b6b4-a1bb62001a80 (Update: This fact-check has been updated to include Pierson's comments on CNN from Aug. 3.)
Statement: In recent years, Rep. LaTourette has sponsored legislation that would increase spending by 551.6 percent.
Speaker: bill o'neill
About the speaker: Bill O'Neill, a former state appellate judge, is the Democratic nominee in Ohio's 14th Congressional District. The seat presently is held by Rep. Steve LaTourette.
Date: July 30, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: federal budget;voting record
Context: a letter
Fact-check justification: So O’Neill’s  of 551.6 percent is way off. He’s guilty of not just sloppy math, but shallow and incomplete research. It’s not 551.6 percent, it’s more like 6.5 percent. That’s so far off that we need to set the meter ablaze. !   Comment on this item .
Statement: Obamacare Medical Codes Confirm: Execution by Beheading To Be Implemented in America.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 23, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care;legal issues;public health
Context: blog posts
Fact-check justification: Bloggers have recently offered posts headlined like this one: "Obamacare Medical Codes Confirm: Execution by Beheading To Be Implemented in America." But the coding system in question long predates Obama, and the "beheading" classification is only relevant for death statistics, not for insurance billing that would be under Obamacare’s purview. Finally, the beheading code is for statistical purposes, not for setting policy. Any change in legal execution methods would have to be approved by the states, not by the federal government. Bloggers, in a game of telephone, have turned a questionable  into a  one. !
Statement: The Canadian government threatens to fire any government employee who uses 'Let's Go Brandon' in communications.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 18, 2021
Topics: workers;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .)   "The Canadian government threatens to fire any government employee who uses ‘Let's Go Brandon’ in communications," one widespread Facebook post said. McCaffrey acknowledged in a follow-up tweet the next day that the letter was "not genuine," but the second tweet got far less engagement than the original. Twitter also started marking posts sharing the letter as "manipulated media," with a link to several fact-checks debunking it. We mark this statement !
Statement: On my last trip to New Hampshire, I think I met the guy who founded the first and only bank since Dodd-Frank passed, since the financial crisis. One bank in the country.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: April 17, 2015
Location: new hampshire
Topics: financial regulation
Context: a speech at Politics and Eggs
Fact-check justification: Former Florida governor Jeb Bush said "I met the guy who founded the first and only bank since Dodd-Frank passed, since the financial crisis. One bank in the country." He’s certainly got a point that there has been a sharp dropoff of newly chartered banks since Dodd-Frank became law in the summer of 2010, but it’s  to say Primary Bank would be the first in the country. There is at least one other in the nation, and possibly several more. It is certainly the first bank chartered in New Hampshire during that time. The suggestion that Dodd-Frank has caused the drop-off in new bank formation is also debatable. While regulation has perhaps played a role, FDIC policies set before the law’s passage may have had a more direct effect. And the overall economic picture, with incredibly low interest rates, has simply made it difficult for banks to make money. We rate Bush’s statement .
Statement: Two stamps needed for mail-in ballots.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 28, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In some states, voters get mail ballots with prepaid postage. In other states, voters might need two or more stamps to mail their ballots. But the postal service says it delivers to election offices even ballots that are lacking postage. We rate this  .
Statement: Seven out of the 10 states with the lowest unemployment rates (have) Republican governors … That approach that Republicans are using is working.
Speaker: bob mcdonnell
About the speaker: Bob McDonnell is the Republican governor of Virginia until January 2014. McDonnell was elected over Democratic state Sen. Creigh Deeds.
McDonnell previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1992 to 2006 and as state Attorney General from 2006 to 2009.
McDonnell graduated from the University of Nortre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind., with a bachelor's degree in 1976. He then served in the U.S. Army on active duty from 1976 to 1981 and in the reserves until 1997, retiring as a lieutenant colenel. He received a master's degree in business adminsitration from Boston University in 1980 and a master's and law degree from Regent University, Virginia Beach, in 1989.
Date: February 24, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: McDonnell said Republican governors head seven out of 10 states with the lowest unemployment rates, providing proof that the GOP has a better record on jobs than Democrats. He’s right on the numbers, but on shaky ground when he insists Republican stewardship has brought those results. The fact that seven of the 10 states with the lowest unemployment rates are led by Republicans is hardly  that GOP governors trump Democrats in creating jobs. Three of those seven states, including Virginia, were also in the Top 10 when they were were headed by Democrats a year or two ago. We rate the  .
Statement: A tax plan promoted by North Carolina Senate candidate Thom Tillis will "overwhelmingly benefit the wealthy.
Speaker: patriot majority usa
About the speaker: Patriot Majority USA describes itself as an organization hoping to empower all Americans. Its action plan includes providing more money for public schools, improving the nation’s roads and bridges, supporting the federal health care law’s provision that allows parents to keep their children on their insurance until the age of 26, and closing tax loopholes for special-interest groups.
Date: July 22, 2014
Location: national
Topics: state budget;welfare;taxes
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: A Patriot Majority USA ad said Tillis’ tax plan would "overwhelmingly benefit the wealthy." North Carolina’s tax code saw a wide array of changes in 2013 under Tillis’ leadership. We found that changes to the income tax code reduced taxes for everyone, but much more for wealthier people than lower-income people. Additionally, sales tax expansions, less government revenue and eliminating the state EITC are especially burdensome on poorer people. But some changes -- such as the increased child credit for lower-income tax filers and the possibility of more jobs and business due to lowered corporate tax rates -- could benefit the whole. "Overwhelmingly" is a strong word. For that reason, we rate this  .
Statement: The 2021 Georgia Senate runoff and the 2020 presidential election "were stolen.
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: March 25, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: national;congress;elections
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Perdue says his 2021 Georgia Senate runoff and the 2020 presidential election "were stolen." Perdue lacks  that either contest was stolen. He is mimicking the -free claims by Trump and his allies about the presidential election, and now extending them to his own loss even though he conceded last year.  Courts have rejected lawsuits alleging election wrongdoing and state election officials in Georgia — Republicans — said the presidential election was secure. State officials for both contests certified the results which showed that Biden beat Trump and that Perdue lost to Ossoff. The elections of 2020 and January 2021 in Georgia are over, and they were not stolen — they were won by Democrats.  We rate this statement . RELATED : The facts of a fair US election have only gotten stronger since Capitol attack RELATED : Tucker Carlson spins web of  claims as he alleges ‘meaningful voter fraud’ in Georgia RELATED : Ohio’s Josh Mandel repeats   of stolen 2020 election RELATED : Fact-checks about Georgia
Statement: State Rep. Elena Parent "supported Governor Nathan Deal's plan to slash the HOPE scholarship.
Speaker: kyle williams
About the speaker: Kyle Williams, a Democrat, is an attorney based in Decatur and involved in several community organizations.
Date: May 6, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: education;elections
Context: campaign fllier
Fact-check justification: There are a lot of problems with Williams’ . First, Deal, with the support of key Democrats, was trying to prevent HOPE from going broke. To accuse Parent of conspiring with a Republican governor to "slash" the popular program is way off base. And to say Parent supported a plan that she ultimately voted against seems to be a significant distortion of her record. We rate Williams’  .
Statement: I released way more (tax) information than Bruce Rauner has.
Speaker: jb pritzker
About the speaker: J.B. Pritzker is Illinois' 43rd governor and a former Chicago venture capitalist and entrepreneur.
Date: December 6, 2017
Location: illinois
Topics: campaign finance;elections;negative campaigning;transparency;taxes
Context: a candidate forum
Fact-check justification: Pritzker said he "released way more information than Bruce Rauner has" on income taxes. But Pritzker’s three years’ worth of 1040 state and federal cover sheets are identical to the sort of disclosure Rauner released as a candidate four years ago and what he has issued each year since. Pritzker did release information about taxes paid by trusts that benefit him, but construing that as exceeding Rauner’s disclosure is something of a straw-man argument. Rauner says he has no trusts to report income from. We rate Pritzker’s statement .
Statement: If Milwaukee approves reducing its maximum forfeiture for marijuana possession to $50, the city would have "23 different bicycle violations that have a higher forfeiture.
Speaker: robert puente
About the speaker: Milwaukee Ald. Robert Puente is a retired Milwaukee police officer.
Date: May 12, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: city government;drugs;crime;government regulation;marijuana
Context: remarks to the Milwaukee Common Council
Fact-check justification: But as a practical matter, the standard forfeiture for all 23 bike violations is only $20. Our rating Puente said if Milwaukee approves reducing its maximum forfeiture for marijuana possession to $50, the city would have "23 different bicycle violations that have a higher forfeiture." In practice, the actual forfeiture that is imposed for the 23 bicycle violations is only $20. However, the maximum forfeiture for nine of those violations is $500. For a statement that is partially accurate, we rate Puente’s  .
Statement: Says Dean Heller "has voted for a GOP bill that funded efforts to revive Yucca Mountain.
Speaker: jacky rosen
About the speaker: Jacky Rosen is a Henderson synagogue leader and the Democratic candidate in Nevada's 3rd Congressional District.
Date: May 10, 2018
Location: national
Topics: environment;elections;energy
Context: a Rosen campaign press release
Fact-check justification: The Rosen campaign said that Heller "has voted for a GOP bill that funded efforts to revive Yucca Mountain." The GOP bill that got Heller's vote didn’t provide money so much as it barred the Nuclear Regulatory Commission from spending money to roll back the licensing process for the waste repository site. Heller floated an amendment that would have barred spending any money on the site at all. Offering an amendment is not the same as waging a knock-down, drag-out fight, but Heller’s amendment would have stymied the intent of the Republican language. Back then and today, Heller’s official policy is to oppose the Yucca Mountain plan. All of this took place in the context of a massive spending measure. To focus on a single element in a $1.3 trillion bill amounts to legislative cherry-picking. We rate this  .
Statement: Almost 40 percent of all (undocumented) immigrants come by plane and they overstay their visas.
Speaker: jorge ramos
About the speaker: Jorge Ramos is a journalist and anchor for Univision, a Spanish-language network airing the United States. He also hosts America with Jorge Ramos in English on Fusion TV.
Date: September 2, 2015
Topics: immigration;corrections and updates;punditfact
Context: an interview on "The O'Reilly Factor" on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Ramos said that about 40 percent of undocumented immigrants fly into the country and overstay their visas. While there is some  that overstays represent about 40 percent of the unauthorized population, and perhaps more, the best estimates of those flying in -- which are admittedly a bit shaky -- could be as low as one-quarter or somewhat more than one-third. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it . Editor's note:  Shortly after we published this fact-check, we added the word "undocumented" in parenthesis to our ruling statement to clarify the context of Ramos' remarks, specifically that he was speaking of undocumented immigrants, not all immigrants. The rating remains the same.
Statement: Congress created "a generous mortgage relief program" for veterans.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 7, 2021
Topics: veterans;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that "Congress gives veteran homeowners a generous mortgage relief program," which could help veterans lower their house payments.  There is no  that Congress established a program that would substantially reduce veterans’ mortgage payments.  In the past, the company making the  has said it was referring to a program that allows veterans to lower their interest rate by refinancing their existing VA home loan. While legitimate options to refinance VA home loans exist, veterans are advised to be cautious and remain on the lookout for predatory lenders. We rate this  .
Statement: Adam Schiff Paid Witnesses Over $40 Million To Testify Against Trump
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 3, 2019
Topics: fake news;impeachment;facebook fact-checks
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: There is no satire or parody disclaimer on the Today Breaking News website, and the only thing pointing to this version being  is a satire logo in the bottom-right corner on an image of Schiff. A satire or parody disclaimer could not be found on the website. We found the same fabricated story on two other sites that similarly do not contain satirical disclaimers. One uses a different photograph of Schiff that doesn’t have a logo, and the other has the logo covered with additional text. We rate it !
Statement: It's important to pay attention to the Russian spy drama, but let's not ignore the fact that the following (10) bills have been introduced" in the House.
Speaker: social media
About the speaker: logo
Date: March 6, 2017
Topics: abortion;environment;immigration;education;health care;foreign policy;workers;punditfact
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: The social media post listed 10 bills that it said have been introduced in the House by Republicans. All 10 bills in the post have in fact been introduced. Seven were described accurately, while three had somewhat exaggerated descriptions. Meanwhile, one of the 10 bills has passed, and two seem to be on a fast track, while the other seven are more accurately considered longshots. So the post is largely correct, but it includes some exaggerated language, and it fails to distinguish between top-tier agenda items and priorities further back in the pack. We rate it .