chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: We've repealed regulations for the first time in 20 years using the Congressional Review Act -- three regulations that were going to cost the economy hundreds of millions of dollars and tens of thousands of jobs.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: March 2, 2017
Location: national
Topics: environment;corrections and updates;government regulation;regulation
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Paul said that repealing three rules will save "hundreds of millions of dollars" and "tens of thousands of jobs." Studies of the regulations partially back up Paul’s , particularly in terms of financial burden. The  is less strong for his point about "tens of thousands" of jobs lost. The only information we could find for a regulation with a job-killing aspect is the stream protection rule. The government’s estimate said the rule could result in 124 lost mining positions a year (though compliance could result in the creation of more than twice as many). An industry-backed study offered a much more dramatic outlook for lost coal jobs, but one expert questioned its methodology. We rate this  . Correction:  The Stream Protection Rule came from the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, which is a bureau of the U.S. Department of the Interior. An earlier version of this story incorrectly characterized the source of the rule.
Statement: 'Child trafficking camp' discovered in Arizona.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 5, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Tucson police told the outlet that it had sent officers, detectives and a command staff to investigate, but found "no indication" that the camp was being used for anything criminal. After Veterans on Patrol claimed bodies could be buried there, the police sent a cadaver dog. No bodies were found.   ABC affiliate KGUN-TV in Tucson also reported in 2018 that special agents within U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s trafficking division investigated and "found nothing that would validate the claims of possible human trafficking. "  We rate this post !
Statement: Says that under Mitt Romney, 89 million Americans could be denied coverage if they have a pre-existing condition.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 10, 2012
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The "89 million" comes from a study that looked at coverage gaps, without a focus on pre-existing conditions. Some of those 89 million — those on public insurance, or whose gaps were less than 63 days or more than 18 months old, or who qualified for high-risk pools — could be protected in a non-Affordable Care Act world. That reduces the number of people who could suffer coverage denials. So while Romney would work to repeal blanket protection for people with pre-existing conditions, the  that he could expose "89 million" to the possibility of denied coverage is only partially accurate, and leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Obama imposed stricter rules on trains carrying toxins. Trump killed them.
Speaker: occupy democrats
About the speaker: Occupy Democrats, founded in 2012, is an advocacy group created to counterbalance the Republican tea party, and to "give President Obama and other progressive Democrats a Congress that will work with them to grow the economy, create jobs, promote fairness and fight inequality, and get money out of politics!"
Date: February 15, 2023
Topics: transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a photo on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Occupy Democrats claimed in a Facebook post, "Obama imposed stricter rules on trains carrying toxins. Trump killed them." The Obama administration enacted a rule in 2015 requiring high-hazard flammable unit trains to be outfitted with electronically controlled pneumatic brakes by 2023. In 2018, the Trump administration repealed this rule, citing government reports that found the cost of requiring these kinds of brakes was not economically justified. The Facebook post includes an image of the aftermath of the train derailment in Ohio. However, this rule, if it had remained in effect, would not have applied to that Norfolk Southern train as it was not categorized as "high-hazard." We rate this  . RELATED: The Ohio train derailment: What we know about health, environmental concerns RELATED: Ohio derailment is just the latest serious industrial accident in the U.S. RELATED: Ask PolitiFact: We’ve seen reports of three train derailments this month. Is this normal?
Statement: Hurricane Irma could be a Category 6 by the time it hits East Coast.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 6, 2017
Topics: environment;fake news;science;weather;punditfact
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: "It is safe to say the wind speeds are rare, but I see no benefit in calling it a Category 6. It should be considered catastrophic. And that is how people should refer to it." So, as of now, there is no such thing as a Category 6 storm. The web post suggesting that Irma is one rates .
Statement: I'm not a conspiracy theorist and I never allow conspiracy theorists on my program.
Speaker: peter lavelle
About the speaker: Peter Lavelle hosts Crosstalk on RT, an English-language cable news channel funded by the Russian government.
Date: July 23, 2014
Topics: pundits;punditfact
Context: a segment on RT's "CrossTalk"
Fact-check justification: "Never" is a strong word, yet Lavelle claimed he is a not a conspiracy theorist and has "never allowed a conspiracy theorist on his show." We’ll agree there is a somewhat subjective definition of what constitutes a conspiracy theory. But we think of the four we quickly found -- Ukraine downed MH 17 to drum up sympathy, AIDS drugs are what are killings AIDS patients, 9/11 was an inside job, and an assistant secretary of state devised a plan to break-up Ukraine -- at least one would fit most people’s definition of a conspiracy theory. Lavelle’s hypothesis about MH 17, we should note, was uttered in the breaths after saying he doesn’t allow conspiracy theories on his show. We rate his statement .
Statement: If you are a gun store owner and you decide to go out of business … you right now are allowed to convert your entire gun store inventory to 'personal use' and once it is a personal use weapon, you can sell it without background checks.
Speaker: tammy duckworth
About the speaker: Tammy Duckworth was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2016 after representing Illinois' 8th Congressional District for two terms. She is an Iraq War veteran and former Assistant Secretary for the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Date: August 7, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: guns
Context: remarks during a press conference
Fact-check justification: Duckworth said former firearms dealers can transfer guns from their inventory into their personal collections, and then sell those guns without background checks. Federal law permits gun dealers to transfer inventory to their personal collections, and private gun sales under federal law do not require background checks. Many states, including Illinois, have added their own requirements, though. A former dealer—and any other private individual—could still get into trouble by continuing to buy and sell with profit as their main motive rather than enhancing or liquidating their collection. But there’s no definitive legal yardstick—such as the number of guns sold—for determining compliance. Duckworth’s statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. That’s our definition for a statement that’s .
Statement: The USA Freedom Act undercuts privacy because "the phone records will be in the hands of the phone companies with hundreds of people available to look at the records, versus 20 or 30 people in the government.
Speaker: lindsey graham
About the speaker: Lindsey Graham is a U.S. senator from South Carolina. He was a candidate for the Republican nominee for president in 2016.
Date: June 2, 2015
Location: national
Topics: homeland security;terrorism
Context: an interview with CNN's Jake Tapper
Fact-check justification: Graham said that because of the USA Freedom Act, "the phone records will be in the hands of the phone companies with hundreds of people available to look at the records, versus 20 or 30 people in the government." The premise of Graham’s statement is . Many phone service company employees already have access to their company’s phone records, and the law doesn’t increase that number. Currently, the phone companies keep their own records, and the NSA collects these records in bulk. The new law eliminates the NSA bulk collection program, but it does not affect how the companies themselves maintain their records, other than some standardization measures. The law does not cause the phone records to change hands, nor does it create new databases or record-keeping systems. We rate Graham’s  .
Statement: Reuters reported that "White House employee Andrew Bates did use Nazi symbolism in a recent tweet.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 8, 2022
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A  screenshot claimed that Reuters Fact Check reported that "White House employee Andrew Bates did use Nazi symbolism in a recent tweet." Reuters Fact Check did not report this. White House staffers have shared versions of the pro-Biden "Dark Brandon" meme, including one that some Twitter users claimed featured a Nazi symbol. The meme’s creator said the design was based on a movie poster and featured an eagle, America’s national bird, not a Nazi symbol. We rate this  .
Statement: Medicare passed with virtually no Republican support.
Speaker: peter defazio
About the speaker: Peter DeFazio is Oregon's U.S. representative in the 4th Congressional District. He was elected to Congress in 1986. He lives in Springfield.
Date: April 13, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care;history;medicare
Context: a House floor speech
Fact-check justification: When we contacted DeFazio’s office, a spokeswoman noted that the congressman has a background in gerontology and offered links to articles, including this one , to show that Republicans "fought against the creation of Medicare starting with the Truman administration." It’s  that some of the biggest opponents of Medicare early on were Republicans. But many big opponents were conservative Democrats, and ultimately, it’s  to say, as DeFazio does, that "Medicare passed with virtually no Republican support." His comment focuses on the period when the bill finally passed, and thanks to the GOP’s liberal-to-moderate wing -- which by now has largely disappeared -- a majority of House Republicans and a sizable minority of Senate Republicans voted in favor of Medicare. We rate DeFazio’s statement .
Statement: Says Warren Buffett has publicly said his secretary "should not be paying a higher tax rate" than him.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: October 9, 2016
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: the second presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Clinton said Buffett claimed to pay a smaller tax rate than his secretary. Buffett’s secretary confirmed she pays a higher rate than her boss. Buffett said he pays about 16 percent in income taxes, while any employee making between $100,000 and $200,000 typically pays about 20 percent in taxes. We rate this  .
Statement: Currently, the intelligence community "can collect business records on law-abiding Americans who have no connection to terrorism.
Speaker: mark udall
About the speaker: Mark Emery Udall is the senior United States Senator from Colorado and a member of the Democratic Party. From 1999 to 2009, Udall served in the United States House of Representatives, representing Colorado's 2nd congressional district
Date: June 9, 2013
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;legal issues;terrorism
Context: a Senate speech rebroadcast on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Udall said that currently, the intelligence community "can collect business records on law-abiding Americans who have no connection to terrorism." Recent news reports, which prompted acknowledgements by U.S. officials, confirm that intelligence agencies have been gathering a vast amount of phone metadata, which they argue falls under the category of business records. This metadata can be "collected" -- as Udall phrased it -- though it’s important to note that this data cannot be utilized directly in an investigation until a more stringent legal standard is met. Meanwhile, common sense tells us that millions of Americans who are having their metadata collected are not involved in terrorism, further bolstering Udall’s . Because this program was approved by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, it is, in a de facto sense, legal. That doesn’t mean the program wouldn’t be vulnerable to court challenges in the future, but until that happens, we rate the statement .
Statement: Says New York Rep. John Faso "cast the deciding vote" to try to kill health care protections provided by Obamacare.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: October 30, 2018
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The DCCC says John Faso "cast the deciding vote to deny protections for preexisting conditions." Before we rule, it’s important to note that states had their own insurance rules before the ACA. New York already prohibited charging higher premiums based on health status. PolitiFact looked at this more fully when examining a related  about Faso. We are interested here in whether Faso was the deciding vote -- whether, as the ad suggests, he could have stopped it all. We need not go far to decide, because the same kind of  was used by Republicans against Democrats in past elections, when Republicans blasted Democrats for passing the ACA in the first place. They noted how a procedural motion needed for the bill passed by a single vote. Here were some of those claims: Bill Nelson "the deciding vote" on the health care law (2012) Warner cast "the tiebreaking vote" on Obamacare (2013) Mark Udall 'passed Obamacare with his vote' (2014) Russ Feingold cast deciding vote on Obamacare (2015) There’s more, but you get the gist. Faso was one of 19 House Budget Committee members who voted for the early version of the House repeal-and-replace bill last year. Had he voted no, things might have changed. But the same can be said for 18 others. To point out Faso as the singular villain or hero way overstates his role. Just as we did repeatedly on the ACA , we rate this  .
Statement: We're losing almost 6,000 state jobs.
Speaker: eddie rodriguez
About the speaker: Eddie Rodriguez has represented Austin since he was first elected to the Texas House in 2002.
Date: June 22, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: jobs;state budget
Context: remarks to the Central Texas Democratic Forum
Fact-check justification: And in an interview with the Statesman published July 2, University of Texas President William Powers Jr. said that roughly 600 UT employees would be laid off "over a couple-year period." In Dallas, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center announced June 29 that it had cut 105 employees, according to a Fort Worth Star-Telegram article . Summing up: Rodriguez’s statement refers to full-time-equivalent positions as jobs. While that's not a perfect fit, it's understandable shorthand for what the new budget requires. We rate this statement as .
Statement: Says "I am happy to decline PERS so that the County can save over $68,000 over a four year term that would have been paid on my behalf.
Speaker: john ludlow
About the speaker: Wilsonville businessman John Ludlow is running for Clackamas County Commission Chair.
Date: May 8, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: county budget;county government;message machine 2012;retirement
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It may be $17,000 as he now claims, but that’s because the county has budgeted generously. (Ludlow as a new member will not cost taxpayers as much as employees who have been in the system for a long time.) The Public Employees Retirement System estimates money that would have gone to him is closer to $10,000 a year. Ludlow’s revised statement is partially  but missing information. We rate it
Statement: Mitt Romney did not "endorse" Ted Cruz, even though he said he is voting for Cruz and urged others to do likewise.
Speaker: romney allies
About the speaker: Allies of Mitt Romney. 
Date: March 18, 2016
Location: georgia
Topics: pundits
Context: The New York Times
Fact-check justification: Romney’s aides and allies tried to spin his Facebook post in which he blasted Trump and urged voters to support Cruz as something other than an endorsement. Technically, they have a point, according to political scientists. But the statement is also . We rate it . ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statement: The United States is one of only seven nations that allows elective abortions after 20 weeks post-fertilization.
Speaker: the family foundation
About the speaker: The Family Foundation is a non-profit organization that lobbies for socially conservative policies in Virginia. Founded in 1985, the group has pushed for abortion restrictions, a constitutional amendment declaring marriage must be between a man and a woman, charter schools and conscience clauses for people peacefully exercising religious beliefs. 
Date: May 14, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Family Foundation says, "The United States is one of only seven nations that allows elective abortions after 20 weeks post-fertilization." Separate research by pro- and anti-abortion rights groups back up . We won’t quibble over whether Australia should be added to the group of seven. We find the statement .
Statement: Says under his utility rate plan, "An estimated 50 percent of our residential households will see a decrease in their water and wastewater bills.
Speaker: dwight jones
About the speaker: Dwight Jones, a Democrat, was elected mayor of Richmond in 2008 and was re-elected in 2012.
He previously served as in the Virginia House of Delegates, representing the 70th District, which is composed of parts of Richmond, Henrico County and Chesterfield County. His term ran from 1994 to 2008. For eight years,  he was chairman of the Virginia Legislative Black Caucus. He also previously served on the Richmond City School Board and as its chairman from 1982 to 1985.
Jones is also senior pastor of First Baptist Church of South Richmond.
Jones earned bachelor of science and master of divinity degrees from Virginia Union University, Richmond, and a doctorate from United Theological Seminary, Trotwood, Ohio.
Date: March 12, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: city budget;water
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: The mayor said that under his plan, half of the city’s residences would see a drop in water bills. His carefully worded statement is accurate. The unspoken part is that 50 percent will see their bills increase. The mayor also omits that his proposal would lead to a modest rate hike for the average water user. The mayor is correct, but his statement benefits from additional information. We rate the  .
Statement: Document shows Rebekah Jones "demonstrated" a violation of Florida's Whistleblower Act.
Speaker: rebekah jones
About the speaker: Rebekah Jones is a Democrat running for Florida's 1st Congressional District. She previously worked as a data scientist for the state's Department of Health.
Date: October 26, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: a post on Instagram
Fact-check justification: Jones shared a photo of the report the Commission on Human Relations released about Jones’ whistleblower complaint. The version of the report in the photo included multiple discrepancies from the official version released by the commission. Jones’ version claims the commission found she had "demonstrated" a violation of Florida’s Whistleblower Act. The word "demonstrated" does not appear in the official version of the report. It states Jones disclosed a violation of the state law that qualified her for whistleblower protections. We rate this  . RELATED: Gaetz draws  comparison on Jones 'campaign event'
Statement: The only growth sector that we've had in the last two years in America is government growth.
Speaker: kay bailey hutchison
About the speaker: Kay Bailey Hutchison, initially elected to the U.S. Senate in 1993, did not seek re-election in 2012. She ran for governor in 2010, losing the Republican nomination to incumbent Rick Perry.
Date: June 29, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an interview with CNBC
Fact-check justification: All told, we see no reason to penalize Hutchison for failing to say that job gains (and losses) were the basis of her growth  or failing to specify that by "government," she meant "federal." But she relied on an outdated report speaking to a three-year, not two-year, period. Over the two-year period that she noted, the federal government was not the only growth sector. Private-sector employment also increased. We rate her statement .