chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: We are living with a legacy of deficit-spending that began almost a decade ago.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 25, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: the State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: If you look at it this way, the 2009 deficit is the largest since at least 1970, at 9.9 percent. The next largest deficit was in 1983, when it was 6.6 percent. Obama is correct that there was a turning point toward deficit spending a decade ago. But he isn't telling the full story of the nation's deficits, a "legacy" that began long before George W. Bush was president. We rate the  .
Statement: The health insurance plan that (members of Congress) have is no different than any other federal employee's in the United States government.
Speaker: steve southerland
About the speaker: Steve Southerland, a funeral home owner in the Florida Panhandle, was elected to the U.S. House representing Congressional District 2 on Nov. 2, 2010. He lost re-election to Democrat Gwen Graham on Nov. 4, 2014.
Date: August 24, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: comments to Tallahassee residents
Fact-check justification: Back to the  at hand. Southerland said his health insurance plan is no different from "any other federal employee's" in the country. The key here is his use of the phrase health insurance plan. While Southerland does get some extra health care benefits as a result of being a member of Congress, his choices of insurance plans are the same as every federal employee using the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program. He doesn't get a discount, or free coverage, just because he is a member of Congress. So we rate this  .
Statement: As of 2014, illegal aliens made up roughly 3.5 percent of our population, and committed over 10 percent of all murders.
Speaker: matt gaetz
About the speaker: Matt Gaetz was elected to Congress in 2016 representing Florida's 1st District. He was elected to the Florida House of Representatives serving District 4 in 2010. His father is former Sen. Don Gaetz.
Date: August 18, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;crime;public safety
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: Gaetz said, "As of 2014, illegal aliens made up roughly 3.5 percent of our population, and committed over 10 percent of all murders." The unauthorized population in 2014 was roughly 3.5 percent of the U.S. population, as Gaetz said, but the rest of his  is dubious. There is no national, comprehensive report or database tracking the share of murders committed by unauthorized immigrants. A U.S. Sentencing Commission report for fiscal year 2014 attributed more than 10 percent of murders to immigrants living in the country illegally, but that’s for a small subset: federal sentences for 75 people, 9 of whom were classified as an "illegal alien." Murder convictions and sentences are  handed at the local and state level, not federal. Gaetz’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: The government is trying to now close the Lincoln Memorial for any kind of large gatherings.
Speaker: glenn beck
About the speaker: Glenn Beck is the host of The Glenn Beck Program, a nationally syndicated talk-radio show. He also hosts an Internet-based TV show. Beck formerly hosted a television talk show on CNN Headline News and then Fox News.
Date: June 28, 2010
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;pundits
Context: comments on his radio program
Fact-check justification: "We remain content neutral to whatever 'message' the permit applicant brings with them." To review, Beck warned "the government is trying to now close the Lincoln Memorial for any kind of large gatherings" and that his rally "may be the last large gathering ever to assemble at the Lincoln Memorial." It is possible that gatherings as large as Beck's event may be limited during renovation of the Lincoln Memorial reflecting pool and grounds -- though no applications have been denied to date.  But Beck suggests the government is trying to silence political speech by blocking future rallies, and there's absolutely no  of that. We rule Beck's statement .
Statement: The Obama administration has used the Espionage Act to go after whistleblowers who leaked to journalists ... more than all previous administrations combined.
Speaker: jake tapper
About the speaker: Jake Tapper is host of CNN's The Lead.
Date: January 2, 2014
Topics: homeland security;legal issues;crime;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of CNN's "The Lead with Jake Tapper"
Fact-check justification: Tapper said more than all previous administrations combined, the Obama administration has used the Espionage Act to go after whistleblowers who leak to journalists. The number of cases involving that law support Tapper’s statement. There is reasonable debate over whether the whistleblower label applies to all cases and Tapper said he could have been more precise. However, the Justice Department does not challenge the basic figures and the experts we contacted affirmed the general accuracy of the . We rate the statement .
Statement: Says a Craigslist ad offered to pay actors to be Trump supporters for a rally.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 1, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Good Jobs Nation was apparently planning a demonstration at the same rally.   Our search of Craigslist listings for the ad in the Phoenix area turned up no results. A Trump campaign spokesperson told PolitiFact that the president does not need to pay people to attend events and called the ad part of a "recurring hoax." These types of bogus advertisements appear to be intentionally created to make it look like the Trump campaign or those affiliated with the president’s events need to pay actors to show support. We rate it .
Statement: Not a single banker, a CEO from Wall Street, anyone from corporate America — nobody, (there was) not one arrest of any of these people who brought down the economy in 2008.
Speaker: michael moore
About the speaker: Michael Moore directed the movie "Capitalism: A Love Story" and is a well-known documentary filmmaker. His movies includes "Roger and Me," "Bowling for Columbine," "Fahrenheit 9/11," and "Sicko." He won the Academy Award for best documentary in 2002 with "Bowling for Columbine," and he was a nominee in 2007 for "Sicko." Michael Moore's Web site is www.MichaelMoore.com.
Date: September 28, 2011
Location: national
Topics: financial regulation;crime;occupy wall street
Context: an interview on "Democracy Now"
Fact-check justification: Moore said, "Not a single banker, a CEO from Wall Street, anyone from corporate America — nobody, (there was) not one arrest of any of these people who brought down the economy in 2008." Well, there have been a few arrests. Certainly the executives of Taylor, Bean & Whitaker who were arrested would qualify as "corporate America." But Moore's larger point is correct -- there have been very few arrests among executives of firms the public would associate with causing the financial crisis. Obama implied in his recent remarks that it was because many of their actions weren't criminal. Whatever the cause, we rate Moore's statement .
Statement: Dems want billions to go to Insurance Companies to bail out donors
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 30, 2017
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;congress;health care
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Dems want billions to go to Insurance Companies to bail out donors." Democrats do want billions to go to health insurance companies -- but not for the reason Trump claims. Their cooperation has been essential to the functioning of the health care system set up by the Affordable Care Act. Trump’s suggestion that Democrats are engaged in a corrupt quid pro quo involving Obamacare subsidies in exchange for campaign contributions is patently , health care experts said, particularly given that industry donations over the past decade show a clear bias in favor of Republicans. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: A lot of these migrants that are coming, we have no way to screen their backgrounds for either health or for security.
Speaker: tom cotton
About the speaker: Tom Cotton, a Republican, was elected to the House of Representatives in 2012 from a district in Arkansas.
Date: February 1, 2021
Topics: immigration;homeland security;public health;coronavirus
Context: a Fox & Friends interview
Fact-check justification: A CBP database allows personnel to run criminal background checks on people apprehended at the border and access records collected by U.S. and foreign authorities. CBP routinely publishes data on immigrants who attempted to enter the country and have a criminal record.   CBP might not always have access to a person’s full medical records, but the agency says it screens people for COVID-19 and other health issues.   It’s fair to question whether existing protocols are sufficient, but it’s  to say "we have no way to screen" immigrants. We rate Cotton’s  .
Statement: The video doesn't show the broader picture of the firing that was going on at American troops.
Speaker: robert gates
About the speaker: Robert Gates is the U.S. Secretary of Defense. He was first appointed by President George W. Bush in 2006 and was named to remain office by President Barack Obama in 2009.
Date: April 11, 2010
Location: national
Topics: iraq;military;this week - abc news
Context: ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Rather, we are looking specifically at Gates' comment that, "The video doesn't show the broader picture of the firing that was going on at American troops." Some might interpret Gates' comment to mean that if only the video had panned back, or started a little earlier, you'd see that this group of men in the street was firing at the Apache helicopter, and there's no  that that's the case. But we think Gates' words suggest he was speaking more broadly of the context around that incident, that -- as Finkel noted in providing context during his Q & A -- insurgents had been firing at American soldiers in that immediate area that very morning. And military reports support that.  So we rule Gates' comment .
Statement: Thanks to the insane tax-and-spending spree of President Joe Biden and Democrats in Washington, we are seeing six straight months of raging inflation.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: July 26, 2021
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Scott said, "Thanks to the insane tax-and-spending spree of President Joe Biden and Democrats in Washington, we are seeing six straight months of raging inflation." Inflation is up, and there’s broad agreement that government spending has been a factor. However, most of the big spending coursing through the economy took place before Biden and the Democrats were in charge in Washington. In the past, there’s been a lag of one to two years between higher government spending and higher inflation. The massive relief package in March has had little time to spur inflation. As for taxes, they haven’t gone up. And if they had, that would tend to put the brakes on inflation. We rate this  .
Statement: Sen. Jeff Merkley "voted six times for more debt.
Speaker: freedom partners
About the speaker: Freedom Partners, initially called the Association for American Innovation when it was established in November 2011, promotes "the benefits of free markets and a free society" and claims "over 200 members." The Washington Post reported that Freedom Partners served as a hub for political spending by billionaire industrialists Charles and David Koch.
Date: August 6, 2014
Location: oregon
Topics: congress;debt;economy
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The ruling: An ad campaign supporting candidate Monica Wehby, includes words on the screen saying that Sen. Jeff Merkley voted six times "for more debt." However, the U.S. Treasury, and a prior PolitiFact check, note that a vote to raise the debt ceiling does not, by itself, authorize new spending. All it does is authorize the federal government to borrow sufficient funds to pay for debt that has already been incurred. Merkley’s six votes to raise the debt ceiling were not, in other words, votes "for more debt." We rate the  .
Statement: Q: What do these 'Patriotic' Americans have in common? A: They are all Draft Dodgers.
Speaker: liberals are cool
About the speaker: Liberals are cool is a website featuring articles, memes and humor items with a Democratic bent.
Date: March 17, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: military;patriotism
Context: an Internet meme
Fact-check justification: A Liberals Are Cool meme claims "Q: What do these ‘Patriotic Americans’ have in common? A: They are all Draft Dodgers," referring to Romney, Trump, Cheney, Limbaugh, Nugent and O’Reilly. Liberals Are Cool doesn’t acknowledge that the six registered properly for the draft, then applied for and received legal deferments so they could complete their education – an opportunity given more than half the men eligible for the U.S. draft during the Vietnam era. Liberals Are Cool may not like that these men didn’t face combat, but calling them ‘draft dodgers’ is  – and . As a result, we’re cranking up the heat for this ruling: ! To comment on this story, go to NJ.com . To see a list of military classification codes from the U.S. Selective Service System, and the military classification histories for Romney, Trump, Cheney and Limbaugh, click here .
Statement: The GOP health bill "would once again allow being a rape or domestic violence victim to be a pre-existing condition.
Speaker: judy chu
About the speaker: Congresswoman Judy Chu is a Democrat and represents the 27th District of California, including large portions of the Western San Gabriel Valley in Los Angeles County. 
Date: May 4, 2017
Location: california
Topics: congress;health care;legal issues;crime;public health;public safety;women
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Various bloggers, and some members of Congress, wrote that under the House Republican health plan, sexual assault and domestic violence is a pre-existing condition. Several websites have since softened their headlines to be more careful, going from "would" to "could." The bill does not change what is or is not a pre-existing condition; the health insurance companies write those definitions for themselves. The House bill also does not single out sexual assault or any other medical issue as a pre-existing condition. Prior to the Affordable Care Act, some victims of sexual assault said they had trouble getting health insurance because they sought medical services that the insurance companies viewed as  of a pre-existing condition, such as for sexually transmitted illness or mental health. The Republican bill might make it harder for people who have pre-existing conditions to get affordable health care coverage. Victims of sexual assault would face the same challenge as others with pre-existing conditions. But we don’t know for sure given the bill’s current form. PolitiFact National rated this   . Following the same analysis, PolitiFact California rates Chu’s  .  –  The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. UPDATE: This fact check has been updated with a response from Rep. Chu, who issued a statement on May 10, 2017, which reads in full:  "As it stands today, anybody with a preexisting condition is protected thanks to the Affordable Care Act. This includes women, who were previously charged more for a range of care that is, today, considered ‘essential’. The AHCA makes it easier for insurers to earn waivers to charge more for preexisting conditions and leaves the question of what should be covered up to others. In my statement, I said that this bill ‘would once again allow a rape or domestic violence victim to be a pre-existing condition.’ While the many fact checks have pointed out that a number of conditions would have to be met first, like state waivers, the fact is that what is currently prohibited has once again become possible thanks to the AHCA. We should not even be discussing how women can be charged more for their care, even if it requires 2, 3, or 4 extra steps. This bill represents a step backwards for Americans’ health in a number of ways." Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Jeff Wentworth, bending the rules, "has used $211,743.96 in campaign contributions to lease luxury cars.
Speaker: conservative republicans of texas pac
About the speaker: The Conservative Republicans of Texas political action committee, which endorses legislative candidates, is led by Dr. Steven Hotze of Houston.
Date: May 24, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;ethics;transportation
Context: a PAC website
Fact-check justification: Wentworth spent some $212,000 in campaign funds leasing vehicles, as the PAC says. Then again, such leases are allowed if the vehicles are used for officeholder or campaign purposes, which is how Wentworth's camp says he uses the leased vehicles. All told, this  portrays spending on a permitted activity as "bending the rules" without  of wrongdoing. We rate the statement as .
Statement: The Department of Homeland Security's database of legal immigrants has "never" been "bounced against a state's voter rolls.
Speaker: kris kobach
About the speaker: Kris Kobach is running in the Republican primary for Kansas governor in 2018. He became the Kansas Secretary of State in 2011. He co-chaired the Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity formed by President Donald Trump in 2017 and disbanded in January 2018.
Date: May 14, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: an interview on Fox
Fact-check justification: Kobach says the Department of Homeland Security’s database of legal immigrants has "never" been "bounced against a state’s voter rolls." There is a kernel of  here, in that there has not been a widespread comparison of federal government data on immigrants and voter rolls in all the states to search for noncitizen voters. However, Kobach misleads when he said that it has never been tried. A handful of states have used federal information about immigrants in SAVE to check voter eligibility. Some of them encountered issues with the system and have chosen not to keep using it. We rate this  .
Statement: World's most popular candy to be removed from shelves by December 2017.
Speaker: musclecarusa.info
About the speaker: Musclecarusa.info is a website about cars that posts some fake news. 
Date: December 18, 2017
Topics: fake news;food;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Because we were curious, and a little hungry, we researched whether Reese’s is the world’s most popular candy. Lingeris told PolitiFact that Reese’s is the No. 1 franchise in the candy-mints-gum category based on dollar sales, according to IRI Market Advantage, a market insights and analytics provider . We contacted IRI directly to confirm the information but did not get a response. It’s  news that the peanut butter cups were slated for removal from store shelves. We rate this headline .
Statement: Every state that has put in a graduated income tax, the middle class always pays more.
Speaker: bruce rauner
About the speaker: Bruce Rauner was elected governor of Illinois in 2014. He became the first Republican governor in the state in 12 years upon his inauguration in January 2015. The gubernatorial campaign was Rauner's first foray into politics. He previously had been a principal at the private equity firm GTCR in Chicago.
Date: August 22, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: taxes
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Rauner said that in "every state that has put in a graduated income tax, the middle class always pays more." But 11 of the 32 states that tax income at graduated rates would tax an individual earning the national median at lower rates than Illinois. In some of those states, the rate would be significantly lower. What’s more, tax rates tell only part of the story. Many states, including some with much higher rates, also offer taxpayers generous exemptions and deductions, significantly reducing their actual tax burden. Rauner’s  that graduated systems inevitably lead to higher taxes on the middle class is not even close to accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Walmart has just pledged $100 million to Black Lives Matter.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 24, 2020
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The center "will support philanthropic initiatives that align with four key areas: the nation’s financial, healthcare, education, and criminal justice systems." No decisions have yet been made on which organizations will receive funds from the center, a Walmart spokeswoman told PolitiFact. Walmart is among a number of corporations, foundations and others have made multimillion-dollar donations for racial justice, according to the Chronicle of Philanthropy. Two Black critics of the Walmart initiative have said Walmart should instead spend money on its employees, for things such as wages, paid leave and health care. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Bill White's program to bring dropouts back to school was "so successful that almost every city in our state has replicated" it.
Speaker: leticia van de putte
About the speaker: Leticia Van de Putte, a pharmacist, was the 2014 Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor. She previously served in the Texas House.
Date: June 25, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: a speech at the Texas Democratic Party convention
Fact-check justification: Van de Putte's press secretary, Kathryn Freeman, told us that the senator had gone off her prepared remarks during that part of the speech, which "simply stated that the program was so successful it was replicated across Texas." However, based on the expansion of the walk in the past two years, Freeman argued that the senator's "larger point is , that Bill White began a program to try and address the dropout crisis in Houston that was successful and therefore replicated." We agree. Although Van de Putte clearly overstated the expansion of the Reach Out to Dropouts walk, it has been duplicated in most of the biggest cities in the state. We rate her  .