chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The Senate seat won in a special election by a Democrat had been "held for more than thirty years by Republicans.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 3, 2018
Location: national
Topics: elections;history
Context: a statement released by the White House
Fact-check justification: Trump said the Senate seat won by Jones had been "held for more than thirty years by Republicans." It hasn’t been that long. It’s been 21 years since Democrat Howell Heflin retired, paving the way for his successor, Sessions, and Sessions’ elected successor, Jones. We rate the statement .
Statement: Through the Clinton Foundation, "the Clintons are now worth in excess of $100 million.
Speaker: rebuilding america now
About the speaker: Rebuilding America Now is a pro-Donald Trump super PAC created for the 2016 presidential election and chaired by Florida Gov. Rick Scott.
Date: August 7, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an ad played on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: The super PAC Rebuilding America Now, a pro-Trump entity, said that the Clintons built a net worth of over $100 million after creating the Clinton Foundation. While some unsourced articles have used that number, official documents and the assessments of other, more rigorous reports show a net worth between $11 million and about $53 million. Even after accounting for the value of their two homes, the highest figure we found was $62 million. There is no  that money given to the Clinton Foundation has made its way into the Clintons’ pockets. The Clintons have become wealthy since its creation, but the ad hints darkly at shady dealings without proof. The statement twists a grain of  to paint a  picture. We rate this statement . Editor's note:  After we published, the Super PAC Rebuildng America Now sent us their supporting material on wealthy donors to the Clinton Foundation, speaking fees, and a corrected link to an article citing the Clintons' net worth. That article stated the amount as an estimate without any source provided. The fact-check and rating remain unchanged. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/9b3c130e-a1a9-4ec6-b341-3af704b071d7
Statement: Gov. Scott Walker is helping pay for the criminal defense of a man accused of "boy rape.
Speaker: graeme zielinski
About the speaker: Graeme Zielinski served as spokesman for the Democratic Party of Wisconsin until March 2013, when he was removed from the post and made a media adviser for the party.
Date: May 15, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: crime
Context: Tweets
Fact-check justification: He’s using social media shorthand in a brazen effort to link Walker to defending Pierick amid the allegations of sex crimes. He suggests or imply that the governor supports or defends "boy rape." Repeated postings with variations on the same theme are meant to stir attention, with the hope that others will repeat and retweet the , and that it will show up in searches. In this case, what’s being recycled is a hot,  mess … which we call . (You can comment on this item on the Journal Sentinel's website .)
Statement: Ronald Reagan's philosophy of "peace through strength" is why "the Iranians released the hostages on the same day and at the same hour that Reagan was sworn in.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: March 6, 2012
Location: national
Topics: history;foreign policy
Context: a speech to the American-Israel Public Affairs Committee
Fact-check justification: We can’t read the Iranians’ minds, but seven scholars of the period told us that Reagan’s foreign policy approach was either a minor factor in the release of the hostages or not a factor at all. The fact that the deal was negotiated entirely by the Carter administration, without involvement by Reagan or his transition team, seems to support the expert consensus. Romney made a  that flies in the face of history and offered no  to support it. We rate the statement .
Statement: The Manhattan DA is actually proposing to downgrade armed robbery to a misdemeanor, and to stop prosecuting resisting arrest.
Speaker: tom suozzi
About the speaker: Tom Suozzi is a Democrat who represents New York's 3rd Congressional District. He's running for governor.
Date: January 21, 2022
Location: new york
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Suozzi’s ad said, "The Manhattan DA is actually proposing to downgrade armed robbery to a misdemeanor, and to stop prosecuting resisting arrest." Suozzi was referencing Bragg’s initial announcement of new policies on prosecuting, or declining to prosecute, certain offenses. Bragg did lay out changes to his office’s policy on prosecuting armed robberies and resisting arrest in his initial memo. However, Bragg did not say his office would refuse to prosecute these crimes entirely; he offered a range of exceptions that would allow both offenses to be prosecuted as felonies in certain circumstances. Suozzi’s ad did not reflect this nuance. We rate the statement .
Statement: NYC mayor plans to track and limit meat and dairy.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 20, 2023
Location: new york
Topics: environment;climate change;food;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed the New York City mayor "plans to track and limit meat and dairy" but it leaves out key details. Adams in April announced an effort to reduce emissions from food served by city agencies, inspired by a report that found food consumption was the third-leading cause of emissions in the city. That report did not involve tracking individual purchases by city residents.  Adams has already installed food standards that limit the number of times red meat can be served at city-run facilities, and he has added more plant-based options at schools and hospitals. He has not sought to limit people’s dining habits.  The statement contains an element of  in that Adams does support policies that limit red meat offerings by city agencies. But these efforts do not involve tracking individuals’ meal choices.  We rate the  .
Statement: Says Joe Biden stuck a gun in an elderly woman's mouth at a Wisconsin rally
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 23, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A picture and caption making the rounds on Facebook claims to show Joe Biden sticking a gun in a woman’s mouth at a 2019 rally in Wisconsin. It’s actually an altered photo from a 2008 event in Florida, with the gun digitally added. It’s been circulating online for at least eight years. And Biden wasn’t even here in 2019. This is a  fabrication and a malicious lie. Since we don't have any stronger rating to use, we rate this post .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "games the U.S. visa system so he can hire temporary foreign workers at low wages.
Speaker: michael bloomberg
About the speaker: Michael Bloomberg was mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013. The billionaire co-founded Bloomberg LP, a financial information and media company, in 1981. On Nov. 24, 2019, he announced his candidacy for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on March 4, 2020.
Date: July 27, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: a speech at the Democratic convention
Fact-check justification: Bloomberg says Trump "games the U.S. visa system so he can hire temporary foreign workers at low wages." Trump sought visas for hundreds of foreign workers to fill temporary positions at his Mar-A-Lago Club in Florida in recent years. Hundreds of U.S. applicants either applied or were referred for the jobs, but only a handful were hired. There is some debate about whether those applicants were qualified or not. Trump has used a legal program to obtain workers with H-2B visas. Saying he "games" the system is harsh language, and an expert says the process used by Trump is common. We rate this  .
Statement: Over half of the foreign-born population in Rhode Island is white.
Speaker: steven brown
About the speaker: Steven Brown is the executive director of the Rhode Island affiliate of the American Civil Liberties Union, a post he has held for three decades.
Date: November 20, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: immigration;census
Context: the Providence Journal
Fact-check justification: Of the 92 people investigated, 71 were from Latin American countries. But that's not what we were checking. Instead, we examined the assertion Brown made to support his argument: that more than half of foreign-born Rhode Islanders are white. And in that , he misstated the percentage -- by a small amount if you count all who said they were white, but a larger amount if you count those who consider themselves white alone, not Hispanic or Latino. We rate this .
Statement: 80 percent of North Carolinians are for the living wage
Speaker: william barber
About the speaker: Rev. William Barber is the president of the North Carolina NAACP.
Date: April 22, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: economy;income;labor;polls and public opinion;poverty;small business
Context: a speech announcing the Moral Monday march
Fact-check justification: It’s impossible to say for certain that a full 80 percent of North Carolinians want a living wage in North Carolina, like Barber said. But it does appear that a vast majority support the idea, including about half of Republicans and nearly all Democrats. One recent poll found 76 percent support for a $10 or higher minimum wage. With a margin of error of 3.4 points, Barber’s 80 percent  would be well within reason if this was the only recent poll. But another recent poll found just 65 percent support. The average of the two polls is 70.5 percent. We rate this  .
Statement: Republican state senators" who started an audit of 2020 election results in Maricopa County are "exposing this fraud.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 5, 2021
Location: national
Topics: elections;arizona
Context: a speech to the North Carolina Republican Convention
Fact-check justification: The organizers of the audit say they aren’t releasing partial findings and don’t expect to complete the audit until later in June, after which they will take a few weeks to write a report. If the Republicans find indications of potential fraud, they would forward that information to the state attorney general for investigation. We rate this statement .   RELATED: Fact-checking Donald Trump’s tweet firing Christopher Krebs RELATED: No  to the  that Arizona audit found Trump up by 250,000 votes RELATED: No proof for Trump  that a database for 2020 election in Ariz. was deleted RELATED: 46 minutes of falsehoods: Trump rehashes baseless election claims in White House video
Statement: Says Congressman Jon Runyan does not want to cut taxes for the middle class, but only for millionaires.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: July 30, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: taxes
Context: a video posted on YouTube
Fact-check justification: In an online ad campaign, the DCCC suggests Runyan and other House Republicans support a bill that cuts taxes for millionaires, but not the middle class. It’s  that the House Republicans’ bill would not extend certain tax benefits originally included in the stimulus package, but the legislation would extend the Bush tax cuts across all income levels, thereby giving all taxpayers a break. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says Donald Trump scored a 73 on an IQ test administered to him while in high school at New York Military Academy.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 3, 2019
Topics: fake news;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A screenshot of what appears to be a newspaper clipping claims that Trump has a 73 IQ, according to a test he took when he attended New York Military Academy in the 1960s. That test never took place, an alumni association leader said, and the newspaper clipping pictured does not exist outside of the meme. The pictures in the post of people involved in the discovery were also cherry-picked and miscaptioned. This post is !
Statement: Senator Clinton tried to spend $1 million on the Woodstock Concert Museum.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: October 21, 2007
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: Orlando, Fla
Fact-check justification: During Senate debate, Clinton did not defend the Woodstock project, but Schumer strongly stood up for the Bethel project as an asset for an economically struggling county. UPDATE: McCain's campaign used his remark for a TV ad that began airing in New Hampshire a few days later. The ad begins with psychedelic music (the Doors?) and a swirl of colors to invoke memories of Woodstock. It then shows McCain's statement from the debate interspersed with a shot of him in a North Vietnamese prison when he says he was "tied up at the time."
Statement: Jackie Chan is dead.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 2, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: He did not suffer a heart attack and die, as was reported on many social networking sites and in online news reports. Jackie is fine and is busy preparing for the filming of his next movie. "  Rumors that he was dead appeared online in March of this year, too.   IMDb shows that multiple movies that Chan is involved with are in post- or pre-production, and he’s credited as a producer on several upcoming films.   We rate this death hoax !
Statement: Quotes Thomas Jefferson as saying that "freedom is lost gradually from uninterested, uninformed and uninvolved people.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 3, 2019
Topics: fake news;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Lisa Francavilla, managing editor for the Thomas Jefferson Papers at the International Center for Jefferson Studies, said the quote is being parroted all over the internet. "We have never been able to find any source that confirms that these are words written or spoken by Thomas Jefferson," Francavilla wrote in an email. "It is therefore what we call ‘spurious’ or ‘misattributed.’ We have been unable to confirm a date of origin for it." We rate this .
Statement: 920 women lose their unborn babies after getting vaccinated.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 4, 2021
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: A U.S. database aiming to monitor vaccine side effects has recorded more than 400 reports of miscarriages following a COVID-19 injection. But agencies overseeing the database say that the number of reports alone cannot be interpreted or used to reach conclusions about the existence, severity, frequency, or rates of potential problems associated with vaccines. Public health experts say that there is limited data about the effect of vaccines on pregnancy. But the research so far indicates they are safe and effective. We rate this  .
Statement: The health care reform plan would set limits similar to the "socialized" system in Britain, where people are allowed to die if their treatment would cost more than $22,000.
Speaker: club for growth
About the speaker: The Club for Growth is an anti-tax group.
Date: August 4, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: So, back to the Club for Growth ad. Although our experts agree that it gets the NICE statistic correct about the British practice, the ad's main point about cost limits is . There is no such practice in the comparative effectiveness program, nor is it part of the current health reform proposals pending in Congress. The House and Senate bills under consideration would not require the government to decide how much a person's life is worth. As a result, we give the Club for Growth a .
Statement: Says 194 people were killed in mass shootings in 2018 while undocumented immigrants killed 83,211 people.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 15, 2019
Topics: immigration;crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral Facebook post claims that 194 people were killed in mass shootings in 2018, while 83,211 were killed by undocumented immigrants. The post appears to be entirely fabricated – neither part of the  checks out.  Estimates for mass shooting fatalities in 2018 range from 80 to 528, depending on the reporting organization and how they each define a "mass shooting." But no estimates come close to the 194 figure. As well, according to the FBI, roughly 17,000 murders occur in the U.S. each year, so 83,211 people being killed by specifically undocumented immigrants in one year is improbable. We rate this post .
Statement: A registered nurse in Nashville, Tenn., developed Bell's Palsy after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.
Speaker: youtube videos
About the speaker: Videos uploaded to YouTube.
Date: December 26, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a viral video
Fact-check justification: But the agency said the frequency of Bell’s Palsy among clinical trial participants was "consistent with the expected background rate in the general population," and that "there is no clear basis upon which to conclude a causal relationship at this time." The Facebook post is . We rate it . RELATED: Vaccine misinformation: preparing for infodemic’s ‘second wave’
Statement: Says military expenditures for the United States are greater than the combined spending of the next 14 largest nations.
Speaker: alan simpson
About the speaker: Alan Simpson is a former U.S. senator from Wyoming. He is co-chair of the bipartisan National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, which was created in 2010 by President Barack Obama. It is charged with tackling the challenges of the nation's fiscal situation.
Date: November 18, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: deficit;federal budget;military
Context: a speech at the City Club of Cleveland
Fact-check justification: It showed U.S. defense spending in 2010 as just under $700 billion, about 43 percent of the world total. Spending for the next highest 14 highest in 2010 came to an estimated combined total of $646 billion. The U.S. total was about six times that of China, its nearest rival, which was estimated at $119 billion. Among its other findings: State Department data from 2005 and more recent 2010 data from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute both support Simpson’s statement: U.S. military spending is greater than the next 14 countries combined. On the -O-Meter, Simpson's statement rates .
Statement: George Bush, and a Republican Congress, have presided over a 55 percent increase in the size of domestic government spending in the last seven years.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: June 17, 2008
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: a comment by McCain campaign adviser Carly Fiorina on MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: Bush's budget request estimates nondefense domestic spending will total $2.32-trillion in 2008. That's precisely a 55 percent increase from the $1.49-trillion it totaled in 2000. Either way, Fiorina's point is generally backed up by the numbers. Domestic spending did surge during the Bush years, along with every other broad category of government outlays. We judge her  .
Statement: China owns about 29% of (the U.S.) debt.
Speaker: allen west
About the speaker: Allen West announced in July 2021 that he is running for the Republican primary for Texas governor. He served for about a year as chairman of the Texas Republican Party, stepping down in June 2021. West represented Florida's 22nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013. Lieutenant Colonel West retired from the Army in 2004 after 22 years of service.
Date: June 2, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: china;federal budget
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: The number West used is also . Although on TV he left out only a couple words, those words matter because they make a big difference here. He could have explained that he was referring to foreign holders of U.S. debt -- but he didn't. So his statement makes it appear that China owns a much larger chunk of the federal debt than it does. We rate this  .
Statement: Fauci just told us they found a (coronavirus) variant that 'evades the test.'
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 1, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims, "Fauci just told us they found a (coronavirus) variant that ‘evades the test.’" We searched interview transcripts, media appearances and White House press briefings and found no  of Fauci saying anything about any variants that could avoid detection. We rate this  .