chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Three churches were targeted during arson attacks over the summer "because they protect unborn babies and women in need.
Speaker: catholicvote
About the speaker: CatholicVote is an independent expenditure nonprofit based in Carmel, Indiana, describes itself as a lobbying organization for “faith, family and freedom.” 
 
Date: August 17, 2022
Topics: abortion;corrections and updates;crime;religion;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: CatholicVote claimed in an ad that churches are being burned "because they protect unborn babies and women in need." The ad cited three 2022 arsons and included images of churches that had been leveled by racially motivated arson in 1962. In two of the 2022 fires, authorities found no  that abortion was the motive of the juvenile who was the only person arrested in the crimes.  Police initially connected the third fire to the Supreme Court’s reversal of Roe v. Wade two days earlier but later told PolitiFact they did not know the motive. The  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . PolitiFact staff researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this article. Update, Sept. 8, 2022 : This story has been updated to include a response from Scroggins received after publication. The rating remains unchanged.
Statement: Says President Donald Trump said, "People are dying who have never died before.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 18, 2020
Location: national
Topics: fake news;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We saw nothing there, either. Finally, we found no tweets on the president’s account that included the made-up quote in question. Nor did we find any deleted Trump tweets on Politwoops , a database of deleted political tweets maintained by ProPublica, a nonprofit journalism organization. Other fact-checkers also found no proof that Trump made the comment. We rate this Facebook post !
Statement: She's just casually carrying a body with 1 hand..? Sure.. More evidence of coronavirus being a complete hoax with props & street theater.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 3, 2020
Location: florida
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The body bags look  because they are. The photo , taken by European Pressphoto Agency photographer Cristobal Herrera on May 27 in the Torch of Friendship Park in Miami, shows a "symbolic funeral procession to protest against the economy reopening without coronavirus relief" in the city," according to the original caption from the photo service. The caption for another image from that event taken by an AFP photographer says that protesters set up bags representing dead bodies during a funeral procession demonstration.   "NewFM held the protest to honor the lives lost in the coronavirus pandemic and hold Florida Governor Ron DeSantis and US President Donald Trump accountable for their inaction and recklessness," according to AFP.    We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: As governor of Arkansas, I cut taxes and fees almost 100 times, saving the taxpayers almost $380-million. I left a surplus of nearly $850-million.
Speaker: mike huckabee
About the speaker: Mike Huckabee ran for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former governor of Arkansas; he also sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. He left hosting a self-titled television show on Fox News in January 2015.
Date: August 2, 2007
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration estimated that tax revenues grew by $505-million between 1997 and 2005. As governor, Huckabee supported a number of tax increases, including hikes in the state sales tax, a cigarette and tobacco tax and a nursing home bed tax, to name just a few. The per capita tax burden in state and local taxes rose in Arkansas by 47 percent between 1997 and 2005. Huckabee correctly toots his own horn about a major tax cut in his second year as governor and he did leave a big surplus when he left office. But we give him a  for mischaracterizing his fiscal policies in between.
Statement: By declaring that Pluto was no longer a planet, the (International Astronomical Union) put into place a planetary definition that would have even declassified Earth as a planet if it existed as far from the sun as Pluto does.
Speaker: other space
About the speaker: Other Space is a space fantasy web series available on Yahoo! Screen. It was developed by producers Paul Feig (who directed Bridesmaids), Owen Ellickson and Jessie Henderson. 
When the New Horizons spacecraft produced historic photos of Pluto, the web series started a petition to restore the dwarf planet's status as the ninth planet from the sun.
Date: July 14, 2015
Topics: space;punditfact
Context: a Change.org petition
Fact-check justification: Other Space' s petition claims, "By declaring that Pluto was no longer a planet, the (International Astronomical Union) put into place a planetary definition that would have even declassified Earth as a planet if it existed as far from the sun as Pluto does." Putting aside the fact that this could not actually happen, we heard very different opinions from scientists on whether the definition would really exclude Earth if it were in Pluto’s shoes. Pluto was demoted as a planet because it could not clear its orbital zone, a requirement established by the astronomers union. However, the IAU definition is ambiguous because no planet can ever completely clear its orbital zone. Absent a clearer definition, scientists disagree about whether Earth would be declassified in this far-fetched scenario, though it certainly would not do as good a job at "clearing the neighborhood" as it does now. The  on the petition is partially accurate but leaves out important details — the main one being that we’ll never know for sure. We rate it .
Statement: The Obama administration "has been constrained by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which basically gives the responsible party the lead role in trying to not only fix the problem, but contain the problem.
Speaker: donna brazile
About the speaker: A longtime Democratic political consultant and campaign manager for Al Gore’s 2000 presidential campaign. Currently a political commentator for CNN and frequent commentator on ABC's This Week with George Stephanopoulos.
Date: June 13, 2010
Location: national
Topics: energy;oil spill;this week - abc news
Context: a discussion on ABC's 'This Week'
Fact-check justification: She said the law "basically gives the responsible party the lead role in trying to not only fix the problem, but contain the problem." In fact, the Oil Pollution Act specifcially gives the federal government the authority to decide who's in charge of the clean-up -- the polluter or the government. The company, in this case BP, will pay for the clean-up response. But the federal government can give the orders if it chooses. We rate Brazile's statement .
Statement: State Department officials actually directed contracts for the Haitian recovery after the earthquake to friends of the Clintons.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: October 16, 2016
Location: national
Topics: ethics
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Pence said that State Department officials steered Haiti relief contracts to friends of the Clintons. That charge rests on a news report based on emails between the State Department and the Clinton Foundation. Those emails show only that well-connected people saw their offers of help put on a fast track. Neither the emails nor a search of government contract databases show that the government gave contracts to any of those people or their firms to help in Haiti. We rate this  .
Statement: Texas has "the nation's highest rate and highest number of uninsured.
Speaker: donna howard
About the speaker: Donna Howard is a state representative from Austin.
Date: June 25, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: health care;state budget;states
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification:   Howard said Texas is No. 1 in its uninsurance rate and its total uninsured residents.   Texas leads the nation in its percentage of uninsured. Also, it newly looks like Texas has the greatest raw number of uninsured residents, though that’s evidently backed up only by rough calculations like our own, a clarification missing from this .   We rate Howard’s  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The Medicare proposal by Rep. Paul Ryan, R-Wis., would "allow insurance companies to deny you coverage and drop you for pre-existing conditions.
Speaker: debbie wasserman schultz
About the speaker: Debbie Wasserman Schultz became the chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee in 2011 and resigned in July 2016. The Florida Democrat was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004 after serving in the state senate. She represents Congressional District 23 in Broward and Miami-Dade counties.
Date: May 29, 2011
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;federal budget;health care;medicare
Context: an interview on CBS' "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: Both the budget plan that passed the House and its predecessor, Ryan-Rivlin, specifically noted that coverage could not be prevented by a pre-existing condition. It may be easier to say you’ll bar "cherry picking" patients than it is to put it into practice, but Ryan has made his intentions consistently clear. We rate her statement . CORRECTION: This version of the story corrects that the president cannot veto a budget resolution.
Statement: In just six years, Georgia has dropped from first in the nation from a business-friendly legal climate to 24th.
Speaker: chris clark
About the speaker: Chris Clark is president of the Georgia Chamber of Commerce. The chamber is a private organization whose primary goal is to further the business interests of its membership.
Date: April 30, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;legal issues;regulation
Context: a meeting
Fact-check justification: To sum up, Clark said that in just six years, Georgia had fallen from first in the nation from a legal climate standpoint to do business to 24th. Georgia was most recently ranked 24th, as Clark said. But it has been nowhere near first, based on the study he used for his . Clark is right about the most recent ranking, but he was way off about Georgia previously being first.    We rate Clark’s  .
Statement: BREAKING NEWS: Donald Trump On His Way To Donate Kidney To Melania Trump.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 14, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: fake news
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Heading over to Walter Reed Medical Center to see our great First Lady, Melania. Successful procedure, she is in good spirits. Thank you to all of the well-wishers! Trump is not planning on donating a kidney to Melania. We rate this !
Statement: Gov. Rick Perry broke his promise that he would not accept a $40,000 pay increase.
Speaker: bill white
About the speaker: Bill White, an author, is a San Antonio native who was mayor of Houston from 2004-2009. He was the 2010 Democratic nominee for governor of Texas.
Date: June 17, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;ethics
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: While Perry didn’t personally tell the media he wouldn’t take the raise, a gubernatorial spokesman speaking on his behalf was quoted in newspaper articles as saying so. Perry’s spokeswoman told us he’s made charitable donations exceeding the additional dollars that came his way in the raise. But that’s not the same as not accepting the raise in the first place. Nor has Perry used the opt-out provision put into the law to allow him to do so. We rate White’s statement as .
Statement: At some point in their lives, 99% of women use birth control.
Speaker: susan happ
About the speaker: Susan Happ is the Jefferson County district attorney and was the Democratic nominee for attorney general of Wisconsin in the November 2014 election. She lost to Republican Brad Schimel.
Date: June 30, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: sexuality
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: So, that also serves to skew the numbers behind the point she is making. Our rating Happ said "at some point in their lives, 99% of women use birth control." It’s clear she was arguing that contraception use is widespread, and important for women who run the risk of getting pregnant. But in making the statement, Happ used an overly broad brush, applying what is  for a subset (sexually active women between 15 and 44) and applying it to a larger group (all women). We rate her  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump tweeted that the Confederate flag is "a symbol of LOVE!! Plantations kept black people employed and gave them free food and housing!!! Black unemployment was VERY low back then like now with ME as your President!!
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 18, 2020
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Searching Donald Trump’s personal Twitter account as well as accounts associated with him — like @WhiteHouse and @POTUS — we found no such tweet.   Trump also didn’t delete the tweet from his personal account or other accounts connected to the president, according to a database of deleted tweets run by ProPublica.   If Trump had actually tweeted what this Facebook post claims, it would have drawn widespread news coverage and condemnation from his critics. But there’s none — because he didn’t. We rate this post .
Statement: Voter fraud provided "a portion" of the margin of victory of Democrat John Lehman over Republican Sen. Van Wanggaard in a state Senate recall election.
Speaker: robin vos
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Rep. Robin Vos, R-Rochester, has represented western Racine County in the state Assembly since 2004. In November 2012, he was elected Assembly speaker. Vos previously served on the Racine County Board of Supervisors, from 1994 to 2004.
Date: June 17, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Vos said voter fraud provided "a portion" of the difference in Wanggaard’s loss in a critical state Senate recall election. The Racine County Sheriff’s Department is investigating issues regarding election procedures and paperwork, but a top official told us they do not suspect fraud. What’s more, Vos acknowledges he has no direct  of fraud. Yet he said with "certainty" that there was fraud. Based on the information publicly available now, we rate his  .
Statement: Rubio's tax swap proposal "would have been a massive tax increase.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: March 28, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;taxes
Context: a FOX News Sunday debate
Fact-check justification: The state sales tax would go up, and the property taxes would go down. On the micro level, some people would pay more and others would pay less. At the macro level, two different studies said Floridians would have paid less -- between $5.8 billion and $6.5 billion. While generally we are leery about tax impact projections, there is no suggestion Rubio's plan would have resulted in a tax increase statewide and certainly not a "massive" one as Crist suggests. As such, we rate Crist's  .
Statement: Cicilline "continues to accept hundreds of thousands of dollars in lobbyist, corporate PAC and insider money to fund his campaign.
Speaker: bill lynch
About the speaker: William J. "Bill" Lynch is a lawyer who served for 12 years as chairman of the Rhode Island Democratic party.  He was a candidate for Congress in the 1st District in 2010. A graduate of Brandeis University and Suffolk University law School, Lynch is married and has a son and a daughter.
Date: July 15, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Add it all up and the sum of donations Lynch accepted from lobbyists equals about 4 percent of the total contributions he received. Cicilline's pockets may be far deeper than Lynch's, but the percentage of donations each of them received from these groups is roughly the same: 4 percent. (And by the way, it's clear that Lynch took money from well-known business and political leaders, the so-called "insider money," that he criticizes Cicilline for accepting). In the end, Lynch made serious accusations and refused to back them up.    If he provides us with more information, we'll revisit this item, but for now it gets a .
Statement: More people die from "medical misadventures" than firearm accidents nationally and in Florida.
Speaker: national rifle association
About the speaker: An advocacy group that fights restrictions on the right to bear arms.
Date: January 16, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: health care;guns
Context: a fact-sheet
Fact-check justification: So, is the NRA right to state that, nationwide, people are four times more likely to die from medical misadventures than firearm accidents and that figure drops to six times more likely for Florida? The government's 2007 data shows 613 accidental firearm deaths nationwide compared to 2,248 deaths from medical care adverse effect. That's close to four times, as the NRA handout says. In Florida, there were 16 accidental firearm deaths compared to 108 medical care adverse effect. That's almost seven times, even worse than the six times cited by the NRA. We have two concerns: The WISQARS data comes with a lot of caveats when examining medical errors, and even the gun data may not be perfect. And the NRA's fact-sheet ignores gun deaths from murders and suicides, which take a significantly higher toll than accidents and can't be ignored in the gun debate. For the point the NRA is making -- accidents only, guns v. medical misadventures -- the numbers back up their claims but need clarification and context. We rate this  .
Statement: As Alaska's attorney general, (U.S. Senate candidate Dan) Sullivan successfully fought to protect our Second Amendment rights and passed 'stand your ground.'
Speaker: dan sullivan
About the speaker: Dan Sullivan is a Republican senator from Alaska.
Date: June 20, 2014
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;criminal justice;crime;guns
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: A recent radio ad said, "As Alaska’s Attorney General, Sullivan successfully fought to protect our Second Amendment rights and passed ‘stand your ground.’ " We found that  of Sullivan’s support for "stand your ground" is dubious at best. We couldn’t find any public proof of his support, and multiple attorneys under him spoke out against the law. Even if he had publicly shown support for "stand your ground," he wasn’t in a position to push the legislation forward when the law finally passed in 2013. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Nancy Pelosi's "4th husband" filed for divorce.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 14, 2020
Topics: congress;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An April article claiming that Pelosi’s fourth husband is filing for divorce is a reprint of an article from more than a year earlier from a website that publishes satire. Pelosi has been married to the same man since 1963 and has never divorced. We rate the  .
Statement: Kathryn Starkey "joined forces with liberal Democrats on a historic sales tax hike.
Speaker: committee to protect florida
About the speaker: The Committee to Protect Florida is headed by Rockie Pennington, a political consultant for Richard Corcoran, a Republican candidate for State House District 45.
Date: August 2, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: environment;candidate biography;taxes
Context: a mailer
Fact-check justification: "It was overwhelmingly pushed by Democratic leaders," he said. (He was also unaware that White — whom he now works for as a contract attorney — endorsed the Penny.) A new tax may be often associated with "liberal Democrats," but that wasn’t the case with Penny for Pasco, particularly when it came to those who were publicly pushing for it. In addition, Starkey was not a key promoter of the tax. We rate this  .
Statement: Wisconsin is almost equally divided on partisan lines" and therefore new Legislative maps could be drawn to "represent that 50-50 split.
Speaker: janet bewley
About the speaker: Democratic state Rep. Janet Bewley represents Ashland in northern Wisconsin. Elected to the Assembly in 2010, she is a former community relations officer with the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority.
Date: November 5, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;redistricting;states
Context: News release
Fact-check justification: She gives proper nod to Wisconsin’s general purpleness, but misses widely on her broader point. Because Republicans tend to be more spread out while Democrats tend to be more clustered, the GOP has a natural advantage in elections for state lawmakers. A non-gerrymandered map could increase the number of competitive seats, but it still wouldn’t create an even split.   A rating of  indicates that the statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.   That fits here.
Statement: Joe Biden's 100-day approval rating "is the lowest in American history.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 26, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a story's headline
Fact-check justification: A headline said, "President Joe Biden’s 100-Day Approval Rating Is The Lowest In American History." That’s . The lowest in American history at the 100-day mark was Trump’s. We rate this .