chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Rick Scott got a majority of the Hispanic vote in Florida.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: November 14, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;elections
Context: an interview with his brother, former President George W. Bush, on CNN
Fact-check justification: But it's a stretch to say he definitively won the majority of Hispanic voters. Exit polling shows that Scott carried the Hispanic vote 50-48, but the poll itself comes with a 7 percentage point margin of error, which means it's impossible to make a broad declaration of victory for either candidate. The margin of error too often gets lost in translation or political headlines. But not for us. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Lady Gaga was arrested after a confrontation with First Lady Melania Trump.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 3, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The item surfaced Sep. 3 on American Flavor , which we’ve previously labeled a  news site. But the ersatz ’s origins trace back to a Nov. 6, 2016, item on an outlet called America’s Last Line of Defense , a satirical site whose mission is to inflame conservative readers and draw them into mistaking extraordinary conspiracies for . A photo that ran alongside the original item purports to show Gaga being arrested. But as one eagle-eyed writer at Snopes points out, it’s actually a screengrab of actress Amanda Bynes being escorted into a courthouse in 2013. We rate this  !
Statement: Obama would "experiment with socialism.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: October 24, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Springfield, Mo
Fact-check justification: In 1944, it was 94 percent for the highest portions of high incomes. So no, Obama's tax increase on those making more than $250,000 would not represent a transformation of the U.S. system of government. His desire to "spread the wealth" through progressive taxation makes him no less a capitalist than McCain, or Lincoln. Palin's allegation that Obama wants to "experiment with socialism" seems designed less to inform than to inflame.  That's  .
Statement: The Miami Dolphins "are the only NFL team in the entire nation that pays property taxes.
Speaker: carlos gimenez
About the speaker: Carlos A. Gimenez was first elected as Miami-Dade County's Mayor on June 28, 2011 and re-elected in 2012 and 2016.  He previously served on the Miami-Dade Board of County Commissioners for seven years.
Date: April 10, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: county budget;sports;taxes
Context: a county commission meeting
Fact-check justification: Gimenez said during a county meeting that the Miami Dolphins "are the only NFL team in the entire nation that pays property taxes." That’s not accurate: two additional NFL teams pay property taxes on their stadiums. For the most recent year available, the Carolina Panthers paid about $1.7 million while the Washington Redskins paid about $3 million. Some teams pay some sort of other payment in lieu of property taxes. Technically, those aren’t property taxes, but in the case of the New England Patriots, the $2 million payment to the town of Foxborough isn’t too shabby. Gimenez exaggerated when he said that the Dolphins are the only NFL team in the country that pays property taxes. We rate this  .
Statement: Federal officials confirmed that the CDC "sent states tainted lab test kits in early February that were themselves seeded with the virus.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 6, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: This is . The CDC sent out early COVID-19 tests to a limited number of public health labs that turned out to be defective due to a contaminated reagent.   But these tests didn’t and couldn’t contain the live virus, as live virus isn’t used in test production in the first place. Meanwhile, the tests were early in their development and never made it to the stage of being used for patient testing. We rate this .
Statement: 15 homeless people have already been found frozen to death in Chicago.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 30, 2019
Topics: homeless;weather;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A social media post says that 15 homeless people died in Chicago from the recent cold snap. While there have been multiple deaths connected to the weather event, none of those, so far, have been reported to be of any homeless persons from the Chicago area. Additionally, the photo of the homeless person featured in the post is six years old and was taken in Canada. We rate it .
Statement: NASA Curiosity finds Nazi helmet on Mars.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 5, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  Consider the "man in the Moon," or a 1976 image from Viking 1 , the first aircraft to land on Mars. Some people thought they saw a face, but the shape was actually caused by missing photographic data called "bit errors." And in 2022, we fact-checked claims that the Curiosity Rover photographed a doorway, suggesting extraterrestrial life. But the rock formation photographed was no portal; it was a naturally occurring crevice that appears elsewhere on the planet.   We rate claims that the Curiosity Rover found a Nazi helmet on Mars .
Statement: Under President Ronald Reagan, illegal immigrants "were not pouring in like" they are now.
Speaker: deirdre imus
About the speaker: Dierdre Imus is an environmental activist and Fox Business commentator.
Date: July 24, 2014
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: the Morning"
Fact-check justification: Imus said that people "were not pouring in" under Reagan like they are now. The numbers tell a different story. The apprehension figures, even allowing for changes in tactics, show an average of over a million attempts by people to cross the border during the Reagan years. For Obama, the average is about 417,000. If we count the size of the undocumented population, the best estimates are that it rose 200,000 per year under Reagan. The highest estimate for Obama is 120,000 per year. We rate the  .
Statement: President Trump was "kicked off" the California ballot
Speaker: california republican party
About the speaker: The California Republican Party is one of two major political parties in the state. 
Date: August 6, 2019
Location: california
Topics: elections;taxes
Context: a fundraising pitch
Fact-check justification: The California Republican Party recently claimed President Trump was "kicked off the California ballot" as a result of Senate Bill 27.  The recently signed law requires candidates for president and governor to release five years of tax returns to run in the state’s primary. It does not apply to candidates in the general election. Republicans are challenging the law in court, saying it’s unconstitutional.  The law very well may be struck down by a court. But, as written, it does not kick Trump off the ballot or prevent him from being on it. That ballot is still several months from being finalized.  It might be a difficult decision for Trump to release his tax returns, which he has refused to do, but it still provides this avenue for him and all future candidates for president and governor to appear on the primary ballot.  The message on the state party’s website is blatantly , ignores any mention of what’s actually in the law and how candidates can comply. What’s more, the  message is being used as a fundraiser.  For these reasons, we rate it .   – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: McGinty previously told a local community newspaper in her native Philadelphia that she 'has found an alarming undercurrent of misinformed people in the 'T' part of the state' outside of Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.
Speaker: pat toomey
About the speaker: Pat Toomey is a U.S. senator from Pennsylvania, having won election to his seat in 2010 by defeating Democratic Rep. Joe Sestak. Toomey occupies the seat formerly held by Sen. Arlen Specter, to whom he narrowly lost in the 2004 Republican U.S. Senate primary.
Date: September 13, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: population
Context: In a press release
Fact-check justification: The paper’s editor, Joshua Runyan, said the recording revealed McGinty had made no such comment. Toomey’s campaign wants the recording released and considers the timing of the correction fishy, given McGinty tweeted the article after it was first published and the  Exponent ’s correction wasn’t made until after Republican politicians called out McGinty for the comment. The tape of the interview, unfortunately, was not made available by the  Exponent , and the McGinty campaign said it doesn’t have a recording. Because of the correction from the  Exponent  and the editor’s  McGinty said nothing to justify the original comment, there is no proof McGinty said anything about finding an alarming amount of misinformed people in Central Pennsylvania. We rule the  .
Statement: I received "more votes from young people — black, white, Latino, Asian American and Native American — than Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton combined.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: March 10, 2019
Location: vermont
Topics: elections
Context: Concord, New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: However, on whether Sanders won more nonwhite young voters than both the other candidates, he said: "Eyeballing it only, it looks possible." Our Ruling Sanders said that he got "more votes from young people — black, white, Latino, Asian-American and Native American — than Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton combined." It is  that Sanders received more votes from 18- to 30-year-old voters than Clinton and Trump combined, but the  that more young people from minority groups voted for him is unclear based on current data. The campaign’s reliance on a survey showing young minorities’ support for the Vermont senator is not the same as voting data for those population segments. We rate this  as .
Statement: Republicans extended unemployment insurance under President Bush "when he asked to extend unemployment insurance.
Speaker: david axelrod
About the speaker: David Axelrod is a former senior adviser to President Barack Obama. He is now an analyst for NBC News.
Date: July 11, 2010
Location: national
Topics: this week - abc news;workers
Context: an interview on "This Week."
Fact-check justification: Also, some Republicans want the current extension combined with other spending cuts, to prevent the deficit from getting bigger. Projected deficits now are much larger than they were under Bush. Finally, it's worth noting that some reports indicate the unemployment legislation has failed to gain Republican support because Democrats have combined it with other measures. While Axelrod is right that Republicans supported Bush's proposals to extend unemployment benefits, it's important to note that there are differences between then and now. So, we rate his statement .
Statement: I've always said it's (offshore drilling) up to the states and I still say that.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: June 18, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Springfield, Mo
Fact-check justification: That's why the speech made for front-page headlines. Yes, McCain has long been in favor of letting states ultimately decide whether to drill, but he's now become a cheerleader for the cause. If it's not a change in position, it's at least a change in posture. But as the quotes also make clear, McCain — as he said — has consistently characterized offshore drilling as an issue that largely ought to be left up to individual states to determine. We rate his statement .
Statement: For people making between $50,000 and $75,000 a year, their taxes are going up about $5,000 because the fact is, they will pay more in new taxes" for Medicare for All.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 15, 2019
Topics: health care;health check
Context: comments during the October Democratic primary debate
Fact-check justification: Biden used an unusual level of specificity in describing how Medicare for all would affect families making between $50,000 and $75,000 per year. Those numbers don’t come out of thin air, but they are based on too many assumptions to be reliable. And they don’t accurately reflect what we know about what this plan would cost, or the extent to which it proposes specific new taxes. This  contains an element of , but it ignores critical facts and assumes more than the  warrants. We rate it .
Statement: Freedom of Information Act requests show a dozen phone calls between the cell phone of Ray Epps and the office of Speaker Pelosi in the week before #January6th
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 28, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claims records produced by a Freedom of Information Act request show Epps and Pelosi spoke on the phone dozens of times in the week leading up to the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol. A spokesperson for Pelosi told PolitiFact there is no merit to the claims. Further, members of Congress are not subject to FOIA requests. We rate this  .
Statement: Hillary (Clinton), one time late at night when she was exhausted, misstated and immediately apologized for it, what happened to her in Bosnia in 1995.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: April 10, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: Boonville, Ind
Fact-check justification: We found her statements about China and Northern Ireland to be  , her statement on Kosovo refugees to be  , and her statement on Bosnia to be  . Bill Clinton has implied that the media is biased and covers his wife too harshly. In Boonville, he seemed to lament that unfairness by warning, "And some of them, when they're 60, they'll forget something when they're tired at 11 at night, too." It seems bizarre that the former president would defend his wife's misstatements with even more of his own, but that appears to be the case. We find his rewriting of campaign history to merit his very own  ruling.
Statement: Says the April 22 jump in COVID-19 cases was related to the election.
Speaker: chris larson
About the speaker: Chris Larson, a Milwaukee Democrat, was elected to the Wisconsin state Senate in November 2010. A former member of the Milwaukee County Board, he is a candidate for Milwaukee County executive in 2016.
Date: April 23, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;health care;public health;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Larson referred to an April 22 jump in new coronavirus cases as coming "two weeks after the election," then mocked Vos’ quote about the election being "incredibly safe." The obvious takeaway is that the jump and election are related. We haven’t seen any  that’s . The increase that day was due in large part to a spike in Brown County, where outbreaks at meat-packing plants led to a surge in new cases. Brown County officials say there has been no  of a link between their case surge and the election. We can’t say for sure how the election impacted the April 22 statistics, but connecting the entirety of that day’s increase to the election is an exaggeration. We rate Larson’s  .
Statement: Says Ronald Reagan "got the Saudis to flood the market with cheap oil.
Speaker: michael reagan
About the speaker: Michael Reagan is a talk show host and Republican strategist.
Date: March 6, 2014
Topics: energy;history;foreign policy;punditfact
Context: an op-ed on Townhall.com
Fact-check justification: Michael Reagan said his father got Saudi Arabia to flood the market with oil in order to drive down prices and undermine the Soviet economy. The numbers on production and pricing show that Saudi production rose, then fell, and then rose again. In the middle of 1987, prices were close to what they had been at the beginning of 1986, although they fell again and never went as high as they had been in 1985. The pattern of production and prices do not fit neatly with Reagan’s statement. We have no public documents to confirm that Reagan asked the Saudis to use oil as an economic weapon against the USSR. On the other hand, we have an extensive public record that Saudi Arabia was fighting with its OPEC partners and had warned them for years that it would raise production to make them pay a price for cheating on their quotas. We also see that Saudi Arabia charted its own course in setting oil prices and the consensus view among oil experts is OPEC, not Reagan, shaped their production decisions. Finally, we have Bush calling on the Saudis to help send prices back up. This is exactly counter to the Reagan strategy in the statement. There might be an element of  in the , but the public record strongly points the other way. We rate the statement .
Statement: College students "who are NOT U.S. Citizens and who get the PELL Grant" plan to return to their home countries after getting free gas cards and child care.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: March 28, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;education;welfare
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: The chain email paints a picture of free-loading foreigners, college students "who are NOT U.S. citizens and who get the PELL Grant," then return to their home countries after getting free gas cards and child care. While green card residents can get Pell Grants, those people are generally legal permanent residents -- not people looking to return to their own countries. And there’s no free gas cards or child care. We rate the chain email’s  !
Statement: Says Angela Merkel is the daughter of Adolf Hitler, Justin Trudeau is the son of Fidel Castro and Barbara Bush is the daughter of Aleister Crowley.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 3, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It is believed that Castro had 11 children , but the Canadian prime minister was not one of them.   Barbara Bush, mother to George W. and Jeb, was born in 1925 to Pauline and Marvin Pierce . Her father was the president of McCall Corporation.   The claims about her and the other public figures in this post are . We rate it .
Statement: Says that under Rick Perry's plan, "Texas has cut funding for public schools by 25%.
Speaker: fix austin schools
About the speaker: Fix Austin Schools organized in Austin to urge school district residents to support a four-part, $892 million bond package on the May 11, 2013, ballot.
Date: May 4, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: children;education;state budget
Context: a leaflet
Fact-check justification: The pro-bonds’ group said that under Perry’s education plan, Texas has cut funding for public schools by 25 percent. State education spending in 2012 was 25 percent lower than it was in 2002, adjusting for inflation and the real effects of the 2006 law giving the state more responsibility for education revenues. Yet Perry didn’t cause the reduction by himself; lawmakers acted, too. This clarification is missing from the group’s statement, which we rate as .
Statement: The media "never show crowds.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 2, 2016
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: Pensacola, Fla
Fact-check justification: Trump said that the media "never show crowds" at his rallies. This often repeated  doesn’t take a lot of effort to debunk. The media has documented Trump’s crowds through stories, social media, photos and videos. We rate his  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/47dcbd66-e130-4850-9aa6-01a1e236246b