chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The U.S. spends more money on its military than the 16 biggest military budgets in the world" combined.
Speaker: anissa naouai
About the speaker: Anissa Naouai is a correspondent for RT.
Date: April 16, 2014
Topics: federal budget;military;punditfact
Context: comments on CNN
Fact-check justification: Naouai said, "The U.S. spends more money on its military than the 16 biggest military budgets in the world." The United States is definitely No. 1 on the world’s defense spending list. But its expenditures don’t eclipse the next 16 biggest counties combined as Naouai said, according to two independent groups. While we don't think viewers would get a markedly different impression if Naouai had said 8 or 12 instead of 16, her figures are off by a significant-enough margin. As such, we rate her statement .
Statement: California is 49th out of 50 in the United States in per capita housing units. Only Utah can lay claim to being lowest in per capita production.
Speaker: gavin newsom
About the speaker: Gavin Newsom was elected governor of California in 2018. He is the state's former lieutenant governor and served as mayor of San Francisco. He is a Democrat.
Date: March 8, 2018
Location: california
Topics: housing;government regulation;population;regulation;states;the 2018 california governor's race
Fact-check justification: Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom recently claimed California ranks "49th out of 50 in the United States in per capita housing units. Only Utah can lay  to being lowest in per capita production." Findings from an October 2016 report by the McKinsey Global Institute, using census data from 2014, support Newsom’s statement. Two independent policy experts affirmed the report and its findings showing the wide gap between California’s housing demand and supply.   There’s nothing significant missing from Newsom’s statement. We rated his  .   – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Half of the American women who are murdered are killed by their intimate partners.
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: March 13, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: corrections and updates;women;guns
Context: remarks at a rally
Fact-check justification: Cuomo said "Half of the American women who are murdered are killed by their intimate partners." Data collected by the CDC supports Cuomo’s . More than half of the female homicides the agency studied involved an intimate partner when the relationship was known. We rate his  .
Statement: President Trump's net gain while in office $0, Nancy Pelosi's net gain while in office $191 million.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 22, 2021
Topics: congress;wealth;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that Trump's "net gain while in office" was zero, while Pelosi's net gain while in office has been $191 million, suggesting that Pelosi enriched herself as a public servant The comparison leaves out key context on several fronts. One is the two leaders’ length of service. Pelosi’s tenure in office is more than three decades longer than Trump’s was. Also, much of her wealth is from her husband’s investments. Estimates show Trump’s net worth shrank by as much as $1.1 billion during his four years as president. Financial disclosures don’t provide enough information to show how much Pelosi’s net worth is, or how much it has grown since she took office in 1987. One way of estimating it puts the gain at about $100 million.  The post is partly accurate but leaves out important context and lacks  for part of its . We rate it .
Statement: I stopped requesting earmarks in 2008.
Speaker: michael mccaul
About the speaker: Michael McCaul was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004.
Date: December 20, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: federal budget;transparency
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: "The funding sought is already budgeted by each agency for eligible projects and the grants are awarded based on set criteria established by law," Rosen said. Ellis told us that he wouldn't call that earmarking, because "the agency is still making the decision. When you have an earmark in a piece of legislation, it subverts the agency decision-making process." Upshot: McCaul stopped requesting earmarks in spending bills as of 2008. That's .
Statement: George Allen and his colleagues in the Senate "turned the biggest surplus in the history of the United States into the biggest deficit in the history of the United States.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: December 7, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: corrections and updates;deficit
Context: a debate
Statement: Marijuana is "less toxic" than alcohol.
Speaker: marijuana policy project
About the speaker: The Marijuana Policy Project was created in 1995 to advocate for the reform of U.S. marijuana laws.
Date: August 15, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: drugs;health care;marijuana
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: An ad from the Marijuana Policy Project claims marijuana is "less toxic" than alcohol. Our job as fact-checkers in this case is not to decide whether marijuana is good or harmful. We're focused on whether the drug in its natural form is "less toxic" than alcohol. In that regard, science and statistics present a strong case: Overall, we rate this  .
Statement: President Obama used" his DACA order "to unilaterally confer U.S. citizenship.
Speaker: ken paxton
About the speaker: As a Republican state senator, Ken Paxton won election as Texas attorney general in 2014. He previously served as a Texas House member from McKinney.
Date: September 5, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Paxton said President Obama used the order creating DACA "to unilaterally confer U.S. citizenship." It’s flat-out  to say that Obama via DACA conferred citizenship on anyone. That’s not how the system works, and the attorney general should know better. This unsupported characterization traces to a few DACA recipients--about a tenth of 1 percent—who gained citizenship in part by returning from abroad with a clean slate in accord with existing laws not amended by DACA. We find the   and . !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The mass shooting in Buffalo, New York was a "false flag event.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: May 14, 2022
Location: national
Topics: crime;guns
Context: Twitter posts
Fact-check justification: Social media posts have claimed that the Buffalo mass shooting on May 14 was a  flag event.   Witness testimonies, the names and images of the victims, continuous news reports and immediate investigations of the attack from the local and federal governments prove that this was in no way staged. The shooter’s own accounts of the event give another grave angle to this tragedy and both Republican and Democratic political leaders have issued statements responding to the tragedy. In the face of clear , the suggestion that this mass shooting didn’t happen is . We rate these  and  statements .
Statement: John McCain has changed position on invading Iraq.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: June 22, 2008
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: For fact-checking purposes, we have granted them that leeway without calling them out as flip-floppers. For an example, see how we critiqued attacks here and here on Barack Obama that cherry-pick from the time in 2004 when Iraq was relatively calm. And even in the face of poll numbers showing public support for the war in Iraq declining, McCain still holds a fairly firm stay-the-course position. Biden is glossing over too many nuances of McCain's statements on Iraq to make the charge of flip-flopper stick. We rate his  .
Statement: I won the South Carolina primary in 2004, and I was way behind in the polls at this stage in 2004.
Speaker: john edwards
About the speaker: John Edwards is a former U.S. senator from North Carolina who was John Kerry's running mate in 2004. A personal injury attorney, Edwards was born in South Carolina in 1953 and now lives in Chapel Hill, N.C. He graduated from North Carolina State University and earned a law degree from the University of North Carolina Law School. He is married to Elizabeth Edwards, who has been diagnosed with cancer. They have three children; a fourth was killed in an auto accident. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: November 26, 2007
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: Nashua, N.H
Fact-check justification: But the poll numbers were a little different in South Carolina. A few polls showed Edwards trailing, but at least two state polls showed Edwards the leading named candidate after "Don't Know" or "Undecided." On the other hand, today Edwards seems to be trailing Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama in South Carolina in every published poll we were able to find. Edwards didn't say whether he meant national or local polls in his interview with the Christian Broadcasting Network. Given the two polls that showed Edwards leading South Carolina, we can't give him full marks and instead award him .
Statement: Ethylene oxide used in COVID-19 testing swabs "literally changes the structure of the building blocks of your own body.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 18, 2021
Topics: health care;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A video shared on Facebook claims that the ethylene oxide used in COVID-19 testing swabs "literally changes the structure of the building blocks of your own body." The swabs and many other types of medical equipment are sterilized using ethylene oxide gas. The gas is considered a carcinogen and a mutagen, but any traces of the gas left on a cotton swab after sterilization would be below measurable levels and harmless.  A person wouldn’t have their DNA damaged or develop cancer by using a swab.  We rate this  .
Statement: The newly drawn congressional district map in Arkansas "keeps communities together.
Speaker: tom cotton
About the speaker: Tom Cotton, a Republican, was elected to the House of Representatives in 2012 from a district in Arkansas.
Date: October 21, 2021
Topics: congress;redistricting;states
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Cotton said that the newly drawn congressional district map in Arkansas "keeps communities together." The newly drawn map does reduce the number of split counties in Arkansas compared with the previous decade’s map. However, Cotton ignores the most significant impact: For the first time, the map splits Pulaski County three ways. Pulaski is easily the state’s most populous county, as well as the most racially diverse (and most Democratic) big county in the state. Cotton’s  has an element of  but leaves a  impression about the impact of redistricting. We rate the statement .
Statement: Health insurance companies' costs are only 4 percent of all health care spending.
Speaker: america's health insurance plans
About the speaker: AHIP is a trade group representing the health insurance industry.
Date: March 11, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an advertisement
Fact-check justification: Insurers, after all, sign the checks and could presumably use greater leverage to keep costs down. However, our conclusion here doesn't argue one way or another on the question of whether private health insurance could be run more efficiently, whether private insurers should take on a bigger or a smaller role in the health care system, or whether more money should be spent for, say, doctors instead of insurance costs. We are merely checking whether AHIP provided accurate figures to answer the question it raised. And as far as we can tell, the group did. So we rate the  in AHIP's ad .
Statement: Germany: 96% of Latest Omicron Patients were FULLY Vaccinated – Only 4% Unvaccinated
Speaker: the gateway pundit
About the speaker: The Gateway Pundit is a conservative website.
Date: December 31, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A Gateway Pundit article said that in Germany, 96% of new omicron cases were from fully vaccinated people. That calculation was based on  numbers in a report from the Robert Koch Institute. It initially said there were 186 cases among unvaccinated people but later corrected the report to show there were 1,097 cases. The institute also cautioned against drawing conclusions about the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines based on this research as it does not account for the nation’s high rate of vaccination.  We rate this  .
Statement: Was it 150 million people on private insurance? 50 million of those people lose their private insurance every year when they quit their jobs, or they go unemployed, or their employer changes their insurance policy.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: September 12, 2019
Topics: health care;health check
Context: Houston
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that 50 million of those people lose their private insurance every year "when they quit their jobs or they go unemployed or their employer changes their insurance policy."  Sanders has a point that coverage continuity is a big problem in a country where roughly 150 million get their insurance from their jobs. But his  inflates the scope of the problem].  He took a broad finding about the number of people who had experienced an insurance gap for any reason roughly five years ago and misleadingly used it to describe a much narrower segment of the current population who lost insurance because of employment changes.  The  has an element of  but leaves out critical information that would give a different impression. We rate the statement .
Statement: If you go to every hospital in this country and you ask them one question, which is, 'How would it have been for you last year if every one of your bills were paid at the Medicare rate?' Every single hospital administrator said they would close.
Speaker: john delaney
About the speaker: John Delaney is a former representative of Maryland’s 6th Congressional District. He served in the office from 2013 until 2019, and he did not run for re-election in 2018 because of his early announcement to run for president. Delaney received a bachelor’s degree from Columbia University, a J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center and an honorary doctor of laws degree from Washington College. In 2017, he announced he is running for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: June 26, 2019
Topics: health care;health check
Context: comments made during the first Democratic presidential primary debate
Fact-check justification: Delaney said that "if you go to every hospital in this country and you ask them one question, which is, ‘How would it have been for you last year if every one of your bills were paid at the Medicare rate?’ Every single hospital administrator said they would close." But Delaney has not gone "to every hospital in the country," so he cannot say what "every single hospital administrator" would . No researcher has done this. The  for his  is also lacking. Medicare does pay less than private plans, but it is not at all clear that under Medicare for All every hospital would be paid the Medicare rate. It is also not clear that hospitals would be affected the same way. Some might close their doors, but some might see their margins improve. This statement is not accurate, and lacks  to support it. We rate it .
Statement: The U.S. House rule barring members from wearing hats while in session dates back to the 1800s and can be waived by the speaker.
Speaker: frederica wilson
About the speaker: Frederica Wilson, a former Florida state senator from Miami Gardens, was elected to the U.S. House on Nov. 2, 2010. She represents Congressional District 24 in South Florida.
Date: November 17, 2010
Location: florida
Context: an interview for a Miami Herald blog
Fact-check justification: But can Boehner or any individual "waive" the rule? It appears that the House would have to vote on a new rule in January 2011. At this point, Wilson has not provided any proof that any individual could simply waive the rule. If she provides us such proof from her research, or if Boehner later responds with  that he does have that power, we could revisit this topic. But for now, we rate this  .
Statement: Says Obama said black people have the "worst jobs, the worst housing" and face rampant police brutality, "but when so-called black committeemen came around election time we'd all line up and vote the straight Democratic ticket, sell our souls for a Christmas turkey.
Speaker: committee to defend the president
About the speaker: The Committee to Defend the President is a political action committee that supports President Donald Trump's re-election.
Date: November 8, 2019
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;race and ethnicity
Context: a Facebook ad
Fact-check justification: A pro-Trump Facebook ad says that Obama said black people have the "worst jobs, the worst housing" and face rampant police brutality, "but when so-called black committeemen came around election time we’d all line up and vote the straight Democratic ticket, sell our souls for a Christmas turkey." While Obama did say those words, they were not his own. In his book "Dreams from my Father," Obama was describing a conversation with a Chicago barber who remembered African Americans helping elect Chicago’s first black mayor.  The ad creates an impression that Obama said that Democrats ignored the perils faced by black voters and then black voters turned around and automatically voted for them anyway. In reality, a Chicago barber told Obama that, but then said the Chicago mayor’s race showed that turning out to vote can make a difference. We rate this  !
Statement: Maxine Waters could be "sentenced" for "jury tampering.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 20, 2021
Location: california
Topics: criminal justice;legal issues;race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A  image published on Facebook by The Western Journal’s Conservative Tribune accused Democratic U.S. Rep. Maxine Waters from California of jury tampering because of her comments to protesters on Chauvin’s trial. It positioned it’s  in the form of a question: "Maxine Waters, 2021: Sentenced to ___ for jury tampering?" The  leaves out crucial facts about the jury selection process and what happened in court. Judge Peter Cahill criticized Waters but also refused a mistrial motion from the defense team, who claimed that Waters’ comments prejudiced the jury. He said he believes the jury remained capable of conducting their duties.  Legal experts concur, noting that even if some jurors heard Waters’ comments, they were unlikely to be swayed by them given the prior knowledge of the case that they had coming into the courtroom. Furthermore, while jurors were not sequestered until deliberations, numerous steps were taken during jury selection and the course of the trial to ensure the jury was impartial and avoided any news concerning the case, even in the face of immense media attention.  Chauvin is almost certain to file an appeal, which Waters’ remarks could impact. However, legal experts believe it’s unlikely that the results of the trial would be overturned. And, although the image poses the idea of Waters being "sentenced" for her actions as a question, not a declaration, it’s important to note that she most likely would not be charged for her actions last week. We rate this statement .   – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.