chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Senate Republicans' move to confirm Judge Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court in an election year is "not constitutional.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 10, 2020
Topics: congress;legal issues;supreme court
Context: a comment to reporters
Fact-check justification: Biden said Senate Republicans’ move to confirm Barrett to the Supreme Court in an election year is "not constitutional." Some legal experts said the move to fast-track Barrett seems to conflict with some of the Constitution’s basic underlying principles, such as the idea that there should be consent of the governed. But there is no clause in the Constitution that would prevent Senate Republicans from moving forward, legal experts said.  We rate Biden’s statement .
Statement: When Joe Biden "walked into this administration … 20 million people were on unemployment insurance benefits.
Speaker: karine jean-pierre
About the speaker: Karine Jean-Pierre is an assistant to President Biden and White House Press Secretary. She has been a long-time adviser to Biden in the administration, the campaign, and to the then-vice president. Earlier, she served as chief public affairs officer for MoveOn.org and as an NBC and MSNBC political analyst.
Date: June 13, 2022
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a press briefing
Fact-check justification: Jean-Pierre said that when Biden "walked into this administration …  20 million people were on unemployment insurance benefits." The number of unemployed Americans did crack 20 million early in the pandemic, but Donald Trump was president at the time. By the time Biden was sworn in and was seeking passage of the American Rescue Plan, the number had fallen by about half, to 10 million. An even more appropriate statistic for evaluating Jean-Pierre’s statement — the number of Americans continuing to collect unemployment insurance benefits — had fallen even further by the time Biden took office, to less than 5 million, or just a quarter of what Jean-Pierre had said. We rate the statement .
Statement: Rep. Paul Ryan's budget proposal cuts "nothing" from Medicare, Social Security or defense in the next two to three years, and "in three years, he does not cut one dime from the debt.
Speaker: david stockman
About the speaker: David Stockman served as budget director under President Ronald Reagan.
Date: May 1, 2011
Location: national
Topics: deficit;federal budget;medicare;military;social security;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on 'This Week with Christiane Amanpour'
Fact-check justification: Whether the deficit should be reduced quickly or slowly is no doubt a debate that will continue to burn. Stockman urges a dramatic approach to cutting spending and increasing taxes quickly, while Ryan's proposal offers a more gradual approach to cutting spending, and it doesn't advocate raising taxes. Stockman said Ryan's plan "leaves Medicare totally untouched for three years, leaves Social Security totally untouched for 10 years, leaves defense totally untouched for the next three years, and then, after cutting that small amount, gives it all back by extending all the Bush tax cuts that we can't afford. ... In three years, he does not cut one dime from the debt." Stockman is factually accurate on all these points, and we rate his statement .
Statement: The NEXT pandemic is here and children are the target, says Bill Gates.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 18, 2023
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A video claimed that the next pandemic is already here, with a podcast co-host intimating that avian flu in the U.K. was the start of the next pandemic and suggesting that Bill Gates said it’s targeting children. Two farm workers tested positive for the bird flu in England, but no health officials have suggested it represents the start of a new pandemic. And Gates did not say the next pandemic will target children. We rate the  .
Statement: In the last three years alone, 13 times, the Supreme Court, unanimously, 9-0, including all of the president's liberal picks, have struck down the president's executive orders.
Speaker: sean spicer
About the speaker: Sean Spicer is former press secretary to President Donald Trump. Previously, he was the communications director for the Republican National Committee.
Date: July 6, 2014
Location: national
Topics: supreme court
Context: an appearance on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Spicer said, "In the last three years alone, 13 times, the Supreme Court, unanimously, 9-0, including all of the president's liberal picks, have struck down the president's executive orders." Most of the litigation actually came in response to actions under the Bush administration. In the few cases initiated during Obama’s two terms, the court wasn't even ruling on challenges to Obama’s executive orders. Spicer took an already debunked argument and made another  in repeating it, so it was even more . We rate the statement .
Statement: 41 cents out of every dollar (the U.S. spends) is borrowed from places like China.
Speaker: public notice
About the speaker: Public Notice and its Public Notice Research & Education Fund advocate on economic issues and the federal government. Public Notice does not disclose its donors. Public Notice’s executive director, Gretchen Hamel, is a former spokesman for the House Republican Conference.
Date: November 14, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget;message machine 2012
Context: a political ad
Fact-check justification: So we’ll leave it up to you to decide whether the metaphor is apt. The ad from Public Notice says, "41 cents out of every dollar you spend is borrowed from places like China." China is indeed the country that holds the most U.S. debt. But the most recent numbers on U.S. debt put the borrowed amount slightly lower, at 36 cents on the dollar. So we rate this statement .
Statement: Says Texas did not bail out a loan program he oversaw as state agriculture commissioner.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: December 15, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: agriculture;candidate biography
Context: Sioux City, Iowa
Fact-check justification: Our sense? Taxpayers picked up built-up costs that otherwise could not be covered. It seems reasonable to call that expenditure a bailout. Further, Perry’s contention there was no bailout runs counter to his signing the spending into law -- making his debate  . !
Statement: Video shows footage of the war in Ukraine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 3, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: This post was flagged as part of Meta’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) Searching for the post’s video description turns up a YouTube post from about a year earlier. It has the same description, but identifies the video as being from "Arma 3," a military simulation game.   We rate claims that this clip shows real footage from the war in Ukraine .
Statement: Says Joe Radinovich "was cited 30 times for not paying court fines.
Speaker: congressional leadership fund
About the speaker: The Congressional Leadership Fund is a super PAC exclusively dedicated to protecting and strengthening the Republican Majority in the House of Representatives.
Date: August 17, 2018
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: A campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The Congressional Leadership Fund said Radinovich was cited 30 times for not paying court fines. Radinovich unquestionably did not pay a number of his traffic and parking fines when due. The 32-year-old was charged in 32 separate traffic or parking cases since he was 18. But a single case can involve one or more legal citations, and this is where the Congressional Leadership Fund’s characterization can get a bit tricky. The PAC said Radinovch was "cited 30 times for not paying court fines," but a "citation" can mean, in the legal sense, a ticket or a charge. Or it can mean a notation in the record. It is unquestionable that the Minnesota court records note Radinvich’s repeated failure to pay fines when due. That did not mean Radinovich faced 30 new misdemeanor charges strictly for failure to pay; rather, the PAC told PolitiFact that it used the word "cited" as a reference to court notations of Radinovich’s failure to pay on time, and these notations were not just in the cases sent for collection. With that caveat, we rate the Congressional Leadership Fund’s  .
Statement: Republicans on the budget-writing committee "did nothing" to address oversight of
large-scale farms, "as literal manure is coming out of people's faucets.
Speaker: jimmy anderson
About the speaker: From Fitchburg, Wisconsin, Anderson received his law degree from University of Wisconsin Law School.
Date: May 29, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment;animals;state budget;water
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Anderson claimed Republicans on the budget-writing committee "did nothing" to address oversight of large-scale farms, "as literal manure is coming out of people's faucets." There is  on both parts of the  -- but with caveats. The committee delayed action on measures on fee changes directly tied to CAFOs, it did not reject them. And there are clear concerns about the impact of manure on drinking water, including cases where fecal microbes has been detected in water. But Anderson's "literal"  pushes the picture too far. We rate Anderson's  . Editor's Note: After this  was rated and published, Republicans on the Legislature's finance committee voted June 11, 2019, to reject Evers' proposed fee increases for large farms. The committee did agree to direct all proceeds from existing fees to the DNR, rather than allowing $250 to continue going to the general fund. Rating are determined based on the information available to the speaker at the time a  was made. Thus, the committee action does not change this rating.
Statement: Florida taxpayers "pay tens of millions of dollars a year to feed and house in our prison system criminal illegal aliens.
Speaker: adam putnam
About the speaker: Adam Putnam lost the Republican primary for Florida governor to U.S. Rep. Ron DeSantis in 2018. A former Republican Congressman from Congressional District 12 in Central Florida, was elected Florida Commissioner of Agriculture on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014.
Date: June 7, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview with Fox News
Fact-check justification: Putnam said Florida taxpayers "pay tens of millions of dollars a year to feed and house in our prison system criminal illegal aliens." Putnam's estimates for how much undocumented immigrants in prisons cost Florida taxpayers have several major problems. For starters, the state only tracks inmates who are not U.S. citizens, without diving into whether they are in the country legally or illegally. Even if we had the right numbers, experts told us that fixed costs for the prisons mean reducing the population yields uncertain cost savings. Eliminating a small percentage of inmates doesn’t mean the overall prison budget can be reduced by the same percentage. We rate this  .
Statement: Some businesses in Oregon "are having to shrink back their businesses as a result of the law.
Speaker: monica wehby
About the speaker: Dr. Wehby has practiced for 15 years and has held numerous leadership positions at the local, state and national levels. She currently is the director of pediatric neurosurgery at Randall Children's Hospital in Portland.
Date: January 10, 2014
Location: oregon
Topics: corrections and updates;health care
Context: La Grande
Fact-check justification: Because we can’t assess motives, we chose to look more narrowly at whether businesses are or are not making cutbacks in response to the law, accepting that the overwhelming majority would be acting with their businesses’ bottom line in mind. Wehby’s campaign provided an example of a significant scaling back of an Oregon-based business, though aspects could not be independently verified. She also gave us links to national news stories reporting similar cuts elsewhere. An Oregon consultant also outlined an example of a business trimming employee hours as a result of the law. We rate her  .
Statement: Uses headlines to portray Gov. Rick Perry as beholden to special interests.
Speaker: kay bailey hutchison
About the speaker: Kay Bailey Hutchison, initially elected to the U.S. Senate in 1993, did not seek re-election in 2012. She ran for governor in 2010, losing the Republican nomination to incumbent Rick Perry.
Date: February 4, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: ethics
Context: A TV advertisement
Fact-check justification: It’s not unusual for campaign ads to present excerpts from newspaper stories as a stream of headlines. It’s also not rare for a candidate to quote an editorial as news reportage, even though editorials are opinion pieces. Still, a voter could conclude that Hutchison’s ad consists entirely of genuine clear-cut news headlines. That’s not so. We give her use of the headlines a rating of .
Statement: Congressman Phil Roe hands out $1.3M government check" from a federal program that "he voted against.
Speaker: tennessee democratic party
About the speaker: The Tennessee Democratic Party headquarters are in Nashville.
Date: January 7, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: health care;stimulus;voting record
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Congressman Roe voted against the stimulus bill that provided the reimbursement funding for Takoma Regional and later showed up at a ceremony in which the hospital announced it had received the funding. But because Roe did not vote against this particular hospital receiving that specific $1.3 million federal reimbursement for converting to electronic medical records, we're going with  on the Tennessee Democratic Party's .
Statement: President Trump proposed the increase to $700 billion to our military budget, which included the 355-ship Navy, which included a military pay increase, a modest one, which included, a yet even more modest housing allowance, but yet (Sen. Tim Kaine) even voted against giving more money to our men and women who are in the military service and against our housing allowance.
Speaker: corey stewart
About the speaker: Corey Stewart, a Republican, is the chairman of the Prince William County's board of supervisors. He was elected to the board in 2003 to represent the Occoquan district. Then he won a special election in 2006 to become chairman. He was elected to four-year terms in 2007 and 2011.   
Stewart ran an unsuccessful campaign for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor in 2013.
Stewart was born in Minnesota. He graduated from Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., and earned a law degree from William Mitchell College of Law, St. Paul, Minn. He works as an international trade attorney in private practice.
Date: July 21, 2018
Location: national
Topics: congress;federal budget;voting record
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Stewart said, "President Trump proposed the increase to $700 billion to our military budget, which included the 355-ship Navy, which included a military pay increase, a modest one, which included, a yet even more modest housing allowance, but yet (Kaine) even voted against giving more money to our men and women who are in the military service and against our housing allowance." Kaine did vote no on a short-term government spending bill, which included several of the military-related provisions Stewart cited, in order to signal his disapproval for another short-term budget resolution. However, Kaine eventually voted in favor of those same provisions when he said yes to the omnibus spending bill on March 23, and he has taken other actions and made other statements in support of those provisions. We rate Stewart’s statement .
Statement: Slot machines in Miami-Dade and Broward counties have generated 20 percent of the promised $500 million per year for schools.
Speaker: no casinos
About the speaker: No Casinos is a group that opposes the expansion of gambling.
Date: October 11, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: education;gambling
Context: a statement on their website
Fact-check justification: No Casinos claimed that slot proponents promised the voters $500 million per year for schools and have generated a "paltry 20 percent of that figure."  The ads that we saw stated that slot machines "could" generate $500 million a year. But at times Jim Horne, a key slots proponent, said it more strongly: "we're talking roughly $500 million a year for our schools" and "Amendment 4 will inject public education with $438 million after the first year alone. This funding will increase to $2.3 billion over the next five years."  In reality, the amount of projected revenue at the time was more complicated and depended upon how many facilities added slots and whether it was in one or two counties and the rules set by the Legislature -- and proponents certainly didn't make those caveats clear in the ads we viewed although they did couch it with "could." The amount of revenue generated is about 20 percent a year of the $500 million. We rate this  .
Statement: Dan Patrick "got caught not paying his taxes" and "pocketed his employees' payroll taxes.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: April 16, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: bankruptcy;candidate biography;taxes
Context: a video ad
Fact-check justification: Dewhurst said Patrick got caught not paying taxes and pocketed employees’ payroll taxes. The first part of this  is backed up by records showing the IRS filed liens because Patrick’s company didn’t submit payroll taxes in parts of 1985 and 1986. Patrick also had liens filed against him for unpaid state and local sales taxes. Documents indicate Patrick caught up on his federal tax tab in 1989 and met his sales tax obligations in 2006, the year he ran for the Senate. We see no confirmation, though, that Patrick "pocketed" employees’ payroll taxes, though such taxes did go unpaid to the government at times. On balance, we rate Dewhurst’s statement as .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: John Paul Stevens is the only Protestant on the U.S. Supreme Court.
Speaker: stephen colbert
About the speaker: Stephen Colbert is the host of CBS' The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. Previously, he worked for Comedy Central as host of The Colbert Report, and he also starred on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart.
Date: April 12, 2010
Location: national
Topics: religion;supreme court
Context: an interview on Comedy Central's "The Colbert Report"
Fact-check justification: According to the CIA World Factbook, a little more 50 percent of Americans identify as Protestant. Catholics make up about 24 percent of the population, while Jews represent about 1.7 percent of the population. So, back to Colbert's . He's correct that Stevens is a Protestant and he's the last one on the Supreme Court bench. Colbert's first statement on the -O-Meter gets a .
Statement: Says Gov. Scott Walker cut aid to local schools despite campaigning on trying to restore two-thirds state funding for education
Speaker: kathleen falk
About the speaker: Kathleen Falk, a Wisconsin Democrat, lost a bid in 2012 for the Democratic nomination to run against Gov. Scott Walker in a recall election. Falk served as the Dane County executive from 1997 to 2011. She ran unsuccessfully for governor in 2002 and for state attorney general in 2006.
Date: February 29, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget
Context: an appearance at Marquette University
Fact-check justification: So Walker sent clear signals his first budget might not be able to meet the goal. Our conclusion Falk claimed Walker proposed a big cut in state school aid, even though in the campaign, he said "said he was going to try to fully fund the two-thirds state commitment to education." Walker did support it in principle and says it remains a goal for the next budget. But Falk’s critique of Walker fails to note that before election day he signalled it may not be possible to be able to move back to two-thirds funding in the first year. We rate Falk’s  .
Statement: No one visiting Disney can get in" because of protest.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 16, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that a "Patriot Convoy" of protesters on April 16 successfully blocked visitors from entering Disney World in Florida. There was a protest that day, but it was at an intersection on the outskirts of the large Walt Disney World Resort property. The local sheriff’s office and the protest’s organizers said no roads were blocked and no one was prevented from entering the property.  We rate this  . RELATED:   There’s no  Disney+ lost over 350,000 subscribers in ‘five days ’ RELATED:   There’s no  Disney recently lost 172,000 reservations RELATED:   ‘Don’t say gay’ vs. ‘parental rights': Fact-checking claims about Florida’s HB 1557
Statement: Forty-three million Americans are on food stamps.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 21, 2016
Location: national
Topics: welfare
Context: the 2016 Republican National Convention
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Forty-three million Americans are on food stamps." The number of SNAP participants has been falling in recent years amid the economic recovery, but Trump is reciting the most recent participation. We rate Trump’s  .