chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Sarah Palin "already has more executive experience" than Barack Obama and Joe Biden "combined.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: August 31, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: St. Paul, Minn
Fact-check justification: "We've got 2,500 in this campaign. I think their budget is maybe 12-million dollars a year – we have a budget of about three times that just for the month." But we think elected executive experience is what Giuliani had in mind here. And even given Obama's point, Palin's years of elected executive experience beat out the rest of both tickets, even her own running mate. So we find Giuliani's statement .
Statement: Guantanamo detainees "get taxpayer-paid-for prayer rugs…they had honey-glazed chicken and rice pilaf.
Speaker: duncan hunter
About the speaker: Duncan Hunter is a former U.S. representative from California, first elected to the post in 1980. He was born in California in 1948 and went to Western State University for undergraduate and law degrees. He served in Vietnam and practiced law before running for Congress. He is married and has two children. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 19, 2008.
Date: September 5, 2007
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: Durham, N.H
Fact-check justification: Indeed, the Joint Task Force Guantanamo, which runs the camp, provides prayer rugs to the detainees that are paid for by taxpayers, according to Lt. Col. Edward Bush, a spokesman for the task force. "Detainees are given the opportunity to practice their religions," Bush said, which means that the Muslim call to prayer is sounded five times a day and played over the loudspeakers in the camp. Bush said the detainees are served three meals a day that meet their "cultural dietary requirements," and chicken and rice pilaf is one of the offerings. He could not confirm that the chicken dish was served on a Friday, as Hunter specifically claimed, but Hunter's point remains valid. Bush said that while it's not possible to know if "all" of them gain weight, it is common for them to do so, he said.
Statement: Says the 2012-13 state budget "leaves $6 billion in a rainy day fund.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: June 18, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: state budget
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Of course, the reverse could also happen, ratcheting up the state’s fiscal obligations. So, as Perry says, lawmakers left $6 billion in the fund. However, if projections hold, that money looks likely to be sucked up in 2013 to make up for this year’s legislative decisions to under-fund Medicaid costs and postpone a payment to school districts. Broadly, Perry’s statement leaves the misimpression that Texas state government is sailing along without financial frets. We rate this blue-sky  .
Statement: Ukraine has been shooting residents of Donetsk and Lugansk just because they wanted to speak Russian.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 20, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The U.S. State Department calls this framing "Russophobia," a label the Russian government uses whenever it "wants to play the victim, when it is actually the aggressor." Ukraine appealed to the U.N.’s International Court of Justice in the Hague to rule on the Russian government’s claims of genocide "in the Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts of Ukraine," calling them . The court ruled 13-2 on March 16 that the Kremlin’s justification for the war was unjustified and ordered Russia to stop its invasion. Judges from Russia and China were the two dissenting votes.   We rate this post .
Statement: Former President Donald Trump tweeted, "The storm is upon us.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 18, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We didn’t find the tweet in Trump’s Twitter feed , nor among his deleted tweets that used to be tracked by ProPublica’s Politwoops database. We also found no credible news coverage or other sources reporting on Trump tweeting the phrase, though previous perceived forays into QAnon lore were covered in the media. In the Facebook post, the purported tweet appears alongside a March 18 authentic  Social post from the president urging his supporters to protest. But unlike that post, this tweet isn’t real. We rate claims that Trump tweeted this .
Statement: Rep. Dan Donovan "voted for Tax Cuts
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 30, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said Donovan "voted for Tax Cuts." That's actually . Donovan has voted for tax cuts in the past, though he was against the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act last year. Trump's other tweets about tax cuts refer to that law, but we can't assume what Trump was talking about. That makes Trump’s statement accurate, but it required additional information. We rate it .
Statement: The Koch brothers are one of the biggest polluters in the country.
Speaker: bob beckel
About the speaker: Bob Beckel is a former Democratic consultant and current Fox News co-host of "The Five."
Date: April 3, 2014
Topics: environment;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "The Five" on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Beckel said that the Koch brothers are one of the country’s biggest polluters. In this fact-check, we're talking about the Kochs' company, Koch Industries. Koch Industries operates over 100 plants across the country. According to one ranking, it is not responsible for the most significant releases but it does land within the top 30 on one list and the top 15 on another. Most people would count that as "one of the biggest." Most of those releases are legal under EPA permits. The EPA does not consider this level of pollution to pose a health risk in and of itself. However, it is still pollution. We rate the  .
Statement: Obama raises taxes on seniors (and) hard-working families to give welfare to those who pay none.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: October 16, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: Using the term "welfare" to describe refundable tax credits? Not by most people's definition. That the plan would give payments to people who pay no taxes? Only if you don't consider payroll taxes as taxes. That all adds up to .
Statement: Video shows Nancy Pelosi slurring her speech at a public event.
Speaker: politics watchdog
About the speaker: Politics WatchDog is a Facebook page that attracted scrutiny in May 2019 after posting a manipulated video of House Speaker nancy Pelosi that was slowed down to make her speech appear slurred. Its About page says, "Democrats and Republicans need to be watched. We will police both parties. Sometimes we will poke fun at both parties so don’t be snowflake. Remember no matter what side you on we are all Americans."
Date: May 22, 2019
Location: national
Topics: congress;corrections and updates;fake news
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral Facebook video giving the impression that Pelosi slurred her speech at a public event isn’t an accurate account of how she spoke at the event. We rate this post .
Statement: It's a longstanding policy of the Department of Justice not to comment on conversations that the attorney general has had with the president of the United States.
Speaker: jeff sessions
About the speaker: Jeff Sessions is President Donald Trump's Attorney General. He was previously a U.S. Senator from Alabama.
 
Date: June 13, 2017
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;transparency
Context: a congressional hearing
Fact-check justification: Sessions said, "It's a longstanding policy of the Department of Justice not to comment on conversations that the attorney general has had with the president of the United States." The Justice Department provided us with memos from 1982 and 2009 about executive privilege. They do not say outright that attorneys general can’t ever comment on conversations with the president. However, they do guide the attorney general to consult with the White House before responding to congressional inquiries that may involve confidential communications with the president. This is the rationale Sessions invoked later in his testimony. Sessions’ statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: Joe Biden wants to raise taxes on 82% of all Americans.
Speaker: donald trump jr.
About the speaker: Donald Trump Jr. is the son of President Donald Trump and his former wife Ivana Trump.
Date: September 2, 2020
Topics: economy;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Donald Trump Jr. said, "Joe Biden wants to raise taxes on 82% of all Americans." Trump inaccurately described an analysis from the Penn Wharton Budget Model. The 82% is a calculation made using the model’s estimates that represents the percentage of people whose after-tax incomes would change under Biden’s plan. But there’s a difference between a tax increase and the share of corporate tax increases borne by individual taxpayers in the form or lower investment returns or incomes. Biden has pledged not to directly raise taxes on people earning less than $400,000 per year.  Some Biden tax credits not included in Penn Wharton analysis could potentially offset some of the indirect hits posed to lower earners as a result of Biden’s proposed corporate tax hike. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says U.S. Rep. Katie Porter, D-Calif., "says pedophilia isn't a crime — it's an identity.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 15, 2022
Location: california
Topics: crime;sexuality;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (We’ve previously written about "grooming" allegations.)   She also talked about allegations that someone is a groomer or pedophile "merely because of their identity, their sexual orientation, their gender identity." But she wasn’t suggesting that pedophilia is an identity and not a crime, as this post says. She was discussing social media posts that malign people as pedophiles simply because of their identity.   We rate claims that Porter called pedophilia an identity and not a crime !
Statement: Republicans in Nevada found "at least 3,062 instances of voter fraud. ... Thousands of individuals have been identified who appear to have violated the law by casting ballots after they moved from NV.
Speaker: nevada republican party
About the speaker: The Nevada Republican Party is the affiliate of the Republican Party in Nevada.
Date: November 5, 2020
Location: nevada
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The information released so far by Trump’s team does not confirm their . We rate the  . RELATED : Donald Trump’s   about illegal votes This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Americans will spend more on taxes in 2014 than they will on food, clothing and housing combined.
Speaker: the tax foundation
About the speaker: According to its website, the Tax Foundation is a non-profit begun in 1937 with a mission "to educate taxpayers about sound tax policy and the size of the tax burden borne by Americans at all levels of government. From its founding in 1937, the Tax Foundation has been grounded in the belief that the dissemination of basic information about government finance is the foundation of sound policy in a free society."
Date: April 23, 2014
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Tax Foundation post said that "Americans will spend more on taxes in 2014 than they will on food, clothing and housing combined." While a minority of Americans probably does pay more for taxes, the numbers suggest that there are many more Americans whose food, clothing and shelter expenses exceed their tax burden. We rate the  .
Statement: Inequality in Texas is steadily getting worse, with very few rich people, a great many poor people, and fewer and fewer in the middle.
Speaker: ronnie earle
About the speaker: Ronnie Earle, the former district attorney for Travis County, lost the 2010 Democratic primary for lieutenant governor to Linda Chavez-Thompson.
Date: January 18, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: census;economy;families
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Earle passed along a September press release from the Center for Public Policy Priorities, which advocates for programs serving low-income Texans, stating that the ranks of Texans living in poverty has likely swelled given the national recession. Even if so, that doesn't necessarily mean that fewer people are in the state's middle class. Eschbach, the state demographer, suggested that because there has been little change in income inequality across Texas over the past decade, more research would be needed before concluding the state's middle class has dwindled. Ultimately, neither Galbraith or Eschbach quibbled with the gist of Earle’s . We rate his statement .
Statement: Issue 2 makes it illegal for us to negotiate for enough firefighters to do the job.
Speaker: we are ohio
About the speaker: We Are Ohio is a citizen-driven, community-based, bipartisan coalition that has come together to repeal Senate Bill 5 in Ohio. The legislation would overhaul rules for collective bargaining by public employees.
Date: September 2, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: elections;labor
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: We think the natural reading of "enough firefighters to do the job" is how many would be needed to fight a fire -- or on duty. Scenes in We Are Ohio’s ad show firefighters responding to a call, buttressing that notion. There is language in SB 5 that could allow negotiations on  overall staffing levels -- a point of clarification -- but only if management allows the topic to be part of negotiations. And  there is a clear  prohibition against negotiating the number of workers "on duty." On the -O-Meter, a statement that is accurate, but needs clarification rates .
Statement: Says Thom Tillis "gives tax breaks to yacht and jet owners.
Speaker: senate majority pac
About the speaker: Senate Majority PAC is a super PAC that works to elect Democrats to the U.S. Senate.
Date: August 20, 2014
Location: national
Topics: message machine 2014;wealth;taxes
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: A Senate Majority PAC ad said, "Thom Tillis gives tax breaks to yacht and jet owners." North Carolina lawmakers, under Tillis’ leadership, overhauled the state’s tax code in 2013. But they left in place a 23-year-old tax break for boats and aircraft. By using the word "give," the statement suggests Tillis created the tax breaks, which he didn’t. Because the ad turns inaction into action, we rate this  .
Statement: Says conservative website Judicial Watch published a story about "elite" units of the National Guard recounting official ballots that were printed with "an invisible, unbreakable code watermark and registered on a Quantum Blockchain System.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 10, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks;ask politifact
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "There are currently no National Guard men and women on duty for election support. The information you present suggests federal control of a state’s National Guard, which would not be the case." We rate this post ! This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Drug overdose deaths decreased in 2018 for the first time in 30 years.
Speaker: ryan holets
About the speaker: Ryan Holets is a police detective from Albuquerque, New Mexico, who was a speaker at the Republican National Convention in 2020. 
Date: August 25, 2020
Topics: drugs;health care;health check
Context: a speech at the Republican National Convention
Fact-check justification: Holets is correct in saying that overall drug overdose deaths ticked down in 2018, although a small category of deaths — those related to fentanyl — rose. And it’s pretty close to 30 years since a decline was documented. Still, Holets failed to mention that drug overdose deaths went up again last year, according to preliminary data from the CDC. Also left unsaid were other factors that may contribute to the rising or falling drug death rates — and what that may say about the underlying level of dependence or addiction. We rate his statement .
Statement: Every single swing-seat House Democrat who endorsed #MedicareForAll won re-election or is on track to win re-election. Every. Single. One.
Speaker: alexandria ocasio-cortez
About the speaker: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, a Democrat, was elected to New York's 14th Congressional district seat in November 2018.
Date: November 7, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: congress;health care;medicare
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: Ocasio-Cortez said that every House Democrat in a swing seat who supports Medicare for All won their race.  Ocasio-Cortez's statement is  as far as it goes, but it leaves a  impression. Only two of the 23 Democratic incumbents running for re-election whose races the Cook Political Report rated as "toss-up" or "lean Democratic" had signed on as co-sponsors of the bill. We rate her statement .
Statement: Says Joe Biden "said he never spoke to the Ukrainian company, and then the picture came out where he was playing golf with the company boss and Hunter" Biden.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 6, 2019
Location: national
Topics: impeachment;negative campaigning
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump claimed Joe Biden "said he never spoke to the Ukrainian company" where his son, Hunter, served as a board member. He also claimed a photo of the Bidens shows them posing with "the company boss" of Burisma. The photo that Trump is referencing doesn’t show a Ukrainian executive of the company. It shows Devon Archer, a former board member and Hunter Biden’s longtime business partner. Also, Biden never said he had never spoken to Burisma — he said he’d never spoken to his son about his overseas business dealings. We could find no  that Biden ever made the former . Trump’s statement is not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: It cost us more to shut the government down than to keep it open.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: August 5, 2014
Location: national
Topics: congress;deficit;economy;federal budget
Context: Iowa
Fact-check justification: Our ruling: Paul said, "It cost us more to shut the government down than to keep it open." Numerous independent economic research groups found that the shutdown resulted in overall costs, in terms of lost revenue, hindered GDP growth, stalled private-sector activity and actual expenditures associated with the logistics of closing the government for two weeks. The government had to pay all of what it normally would have spent during that two-week period and then some. There was very little  to the contrary. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Loretta Lynch's nomination "has been now sitting there longer than the previous seven attorney general nominees combined.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 17, 2015
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Obama said that Lynch’s nomination "has been now sitting there longer than the previous seven attorney general nominees combined." Mathematically, Obama was correct if you start counting from Lynch’s initial nomination, but short by 19 days if you start counting from the resubmission of her nomination to the newly installed Republican-controlled Senate. Either way, it’s clear that Obama has a point that Lynch’s delay has been long by historical standards, especially for a Cabinet nominee. We rate the  .