chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Tennessee's appeals court judges "were selected by a handful of party officials in Nashville" before the system of "merit selection" was put into effect.
Speaker: paul summers
About the speaker: Paul Summers was attorney general in Tennessee from 1999 through 2006.
Date: September 2, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: legal issues
Context: an op-ed article written for Tennessee newspapers
Fact-check justification: In 1910, in the 1970s and in the 1980s, top judicial elections were decided by voters who had a choice to override the decisions of that handful of politicians. So the voters ultimately decided in those cases, not the nominating committee. Still, that leaves party powers giving voters no choice from the years after Reconstruction – during which the judges were appointed by governors under federal oversight – up until 1910. And then again until the 1970s, as best we can tell. That leaves us viewing Summers statement as .
Statement: Mitt Romney has 15 homes.
Speaker: winning our future
About the speaker: Winning Our Future is a Super PAC supporting Newt Gingrich for president in 2012.
Date: January 12, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;message machine 2012
Context: the video, "When Mitt Romney Came to Town"
Fact-check justification: Winning Our Future released a video in which an interviewee said Mitt Romney owns 15 homes. We find that while the Romney family does own three houses collectively valued at nearly $20 million, but based on the public records we've reviewed they don't own anything close to 15 homes. We rate the statement . EDITOR’S NOTE: The day after this story was posted, a reader pointed us to a Jan. 14, 2012, article in the Toronto Star that noted that the Romney family owns "a white-sided cottage on a sandy ridge overlooking Lake Huron" in Grand Bend, Ontario – a property purchased in 1950 by Mitt Romney’s father George that did not come up in our search of United States properties. This does not increase the number of Romney-owned homes close enough to 15 for us to change our rating.
Statement: Sen. Bernie Sanders led the effort to dump Vermont's nuclear waste on a poor Latino community in Texas.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 9, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: environment;energy;nuclear
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook ad said, "Sen. Bernie Sanders led the effort to dump Vermont's nuclear waste on a poor Latino community in Texas." Sanders supported legislation that allowed for the dumping of nuclear waste from Vermont in Texas; the exact site wasn’t specified in the legislation, but it was widely expected to be Sierra Blanca, a low-income, largely Latino community.  But the post leaves the impression that dumping was done there, when it wasn’t. We rate it .
Statement: Particulate matter, found in wildfire smoke, has "no effect" on human health and is "total junk science.
Speaker: steve milloy
About the speaker: Steve Milloy is a biostatistician and lawyer who served in former President Donald Trump’s Environmental Protection Agency transition team. He founded the website JunkScience.com.
Date: June 7, 2023
Topics: science;punditfact
Context: on “The Ingraham Angle”
Fact-check justification: Milloy claimed that EPA research on the effects of particulate matter on humans "shows no effect" and is "total junk science." The EPA assessed extensive scientific data on the human health effects of particulate matter exposure. The agency found clear  of a causal relationship between exposure to small particles and heart problems, and death. We rate this  .
Statement: Polls on legalizing same-sex marriage "are not dramatically changing.
Speaker: julaine appling
About the speaker: Julaine Appling is executive director of Wisconsin Family Action, a Madison, Wis., based 501(c)(4) organization formed in 2006, according to its website, "in order to do statewide education, grassroots activities, election-related work as the law provides and advocacy in the state legislature on cultural and legislative issues that either threaten or strengthen Wisconsin's most valuable natural resource—her traditional families." The group says its mission is to advance Judeo-Christian principles and values in Wisconsin by strengthening and preserving marriage, family, life and liberty.
Date: January 6, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: lgbtq;marriage
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: It found 49 percent support for same-sex marriage, 25 percent for civil unions and 19 percent for no recognition. That’s a change of 22 points for same-sex marriage. Our rating In saying a do-over of the state’s 2006 referendum legalizing only opposite-sex marriages would again pass, Appling said public opinion polls on gay marriage "are not dramatically changing." Her remarks were squarely in a Wisconsin context, and surveys here have shown major change in favor of legalizing same-sex marriages. We rate her  .
Statement: Said Dan McCready "got nearly $1 million in support from a Nancy Pelosi aligned dark money org in the 2018 election cycle right after he tweeted, 'Dark money has no place in our politics'.
Speaker: dan bishop
About the speaker: Dan Bishop is a North Carolina state Senator who represents Mecklenburg County in District 39. In 2019, he was a candidate for North Carolina's 9th Congressional District.
Date: May 31, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: This story was updated after publication to add McCready's position on changing campaign disclosure laws. This does not change our ruling. This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] .
Statement: The Pelosis "are refusing to turn over surveillance video of their home.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 29, 2022
Location: california
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Drew Hammill, the speaker’s spokesperson, said the  is .   We found no  to suggest otherwise.   Also, Politico reported that Capitol Police have access to the security camera feed from Pelosi’s home. The police are conducting a review of the Oct. 28 incident, including looking at their command center, "which was monitoring the security camera feed from Pelosi’s home, according to a person familiar," Politico said.   We rate claims that Pelosis are withholding security footage from authorities .
Statement: The profit [from automated traffic enforcement cameras] is going to the private corporations, not to the city or state.
Speaker: hillary davis
About the speaker:  
Hillary Davis is a policy analyst for the Rhode Island Affiliate of the American Civil Liberties Union.
 
Date: May 6, 2015
Location: rhode island
Topics: city budget;city government;civil rights;debt;history;legal issues;crime;public safety;state budget
Context: a hearing at the General Assembly
Fact-check justification: Hillary Davis said, "The profit [from automated traffic enforcement cameras] is going to the private corporations, not to the city or state." In the case of Providence's camera system, which was the focus of Davis' comments, the private corporation has certainly gotten paid something, although it ended up forgiving $1.55 million in debt that Providence owed. The state has also made some money, although only a fraction of what it was entitled to. Remember, the state waived more than $2.2 million it was supposed to get from the city. Providence, the third party in this deal, did very well for itself. Davis and the ACLU have plenty of reasons to question the camera system. But it's clear that all the revenue is not going to the traffic camera company. We rate her statement  -- although she was right about the rabbit hole. (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: The Books Sarah Palin tried to have banned.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: September 8, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Fact-check justification: Adler said the list was first generated through public records, and then was added onto as readers sent in additional banned titles over the years. Adler said he got a few e-mails last week alerting him that his list had been co-opted. He checked, and the alleged Palin list was identical to his. He said he doesn't know who may have copied and pasted it into the bogus Palin chain e-mail. "We are now a small footnote in history, I guess," Adler said.
Statement: If I didn't INSIST on having the National Guard activate and go into Kenosha, Wisconsin, there would be no Kenosha right now.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 31, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;crime;military
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said on Twitter, "If I didn’t INSIST on having the National Guard activate and go into Kenosha, Wisconsin, there would be no Kenosha right now." That’s  on every level. It’s a vast exaggeration to say the situation in Kenosha was so dire as to threaten its very existence. And many other factors played a role in the reduced violence in the days before Trump’s tweet. But the most fundamental element of this  is also completely . National Guard troops were en route and even on the ground well before the Trump administration got involved. The National Guard troops ultimately sent were deployed in Wisconsin by Evers and Knapp or sent from other states as part of agreements entered into by the states’ governors. We rate this  .
Statement: CNN-NPR photojournalist Jade Sacker was embedded with antifa leader" during the U.S. Capitol attack.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 14, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An article widely shared on Facebook claimed that "CNN-NPR photojournalist Jade Sacker was embedded with antifa leader" during the U.S. Capitol attack. Sacker is a freelance photojournalist. CNN said she has never worked for the network. NPR said she once took photos for its network. Both said she was not working for them during the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol. Sacker was with Utah activist John Sullivan inside the Capitol during the attack. She said she was there to work on a documentary about him. Sullivan has denied being connected with antifa and there is no  that antifa incited the attack. He was arrested in connection with being inside the U.S. Capitol nine days after the attack.  We rate the statement . Note: On Jan. 18, 2021, after this article was published, Sacker confirmed that she was not working on Jan. 6 for CNN or NPR and that she was accompanying Sullivan at the Capitol as part of her documentary on him.
Statement: Says Donald Trump "wants to kick thousands of kids off of BadgerCare.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: June 2, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;federal budget;health care;medicaid;public health
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: He also said the Center for American Progress estimate is based on projections made by the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office, which he said has "repeatedly struggled to estimate coverage impacts with accuracy" when it comes to Obamacare. Our rating Baldwin says Trump "wants to kick thousands of kids off of BadgerCare." The president’s budget proposal and the GOP replacement for Obamacare, which he supports, don’t dictate that children lose their BadgerCare health insurance. But both would make cuts to federal spending that two left-leaning research groups say would threaten the BadgerCare eligibility of thousands of children. We rate the statement .
Statement: John McCain's tax plan will give no reduction "for 100-million American families.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: August 27, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Denver
Fact-check justification: We're guessing that Biden may have inflated a  made in an earlier Obama ad that said "100-million Americans will get no tax relief at all." Biden would have made a better case if he had said 100-million people get no tax reduction, because a tax unit can represent more than one person. But in many cases, one family will equal one tax unit. The analysis we use shows between 66-million and 69-million tax units will not see a reduction under the McCain plan. Because the numbers fall short of Biden's statement of 100-million families, we rule it only .
Statement: Says Georgia's secretary of state won't let the people recounting ballots check the signatures for fraud.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 17, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: national;corrections and updates;elections
Context: a fundraising email
Fact-check justification: Trump said Georgia’s secretary of state won’t allow people recounting ballots to check the signatures for fraud. This reflects a flawed understanding of how mail-in votes work. Before a mailed ballot is counted, the voter’s signature has already been verified. In Georgia, it is verified twice. To protect the privacy of the vote, after verification, every state separates the ballot from the signed envelope it came in. By design, there is no way to reunite the two pieces of paper. A recount can only be a recount of ballots, and Trump and his campaign knew that months ago. We rate this  ! This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more. CORRECTION, April 26, 2022 : A March 6, 2020, settlement agreement spelled out the process by which Georgia election officials would notify voters of an issue with their signature on a mail-in ballot. An earlier version of this post inaccurately described the document as a "consent decree." This fact-check has been updated for accuracy. The rating is unchanged.
Statement: They're furloughing nurses in hospitals in western New York state.
Speaker: jerome adams
About the speaker: Dr. Jerome Adams is the 20th Surgeon General of the United States. His mission as the “Nation’s Doctor,” is to advance the health of the American people. Dr. Adams’ motto as Surgeon General is “better health through better partnerships.” He is committed to strengthening relationships with all members of the health community, and forging new partnerships with members from the business, faith, education and public safety and national security communities.
Date: March 27, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: We couldn’t find any  of furloughs of nurses in Western New York. On the contrary, hospitals in Buffalo and Rochester are hiring nurses and are preparing plans for an anticipated surge in patients.  We rate Dr. Adams’ statement .
Statement: In 1993, Newt Gingrich "first advocated for the individual mandate in health care. And as recently as May of this year, he was still advocating" for it.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: December 10, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Des Moines, Iowa
Fact-check justification: In the 1993 interview, Gingrich advocated for individuals "being required to have health insurance," though he expressed flexibility on the details. That makes the first half of Bachmann’s  correct. In the 2011 interview, Gingrich said "we ought to have some requirement that you either have health insurance or you post a bond." It’s an exaggeration to say that this equates to advocating for an individual mandate, since he posed it as one of two acceptable options. On balance, we rate Bachmann’s statement .
Statement: Morgue employee cremated by mistake while taking a nap.
Speaker: worldnewsdailyreport.com
About the speaker: worldnewsdailyreport.com is a fake news satirical website.
Date: March 3, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: The photo of the alleged Jenna Davis, the morgue coworker, is actually Dr. Lisa Funte , a  forensic pathologist at the morgue photographed by the Beaumont Enterprise newspaper in 2012. But the photo of the wide-eyed smiling man who was allegedly cremated was totally unrelated to the morgue: it matches the image of a DeSoto County constable arrested for DUI in 2015 , Snopes found . A worldnewsdailyreport.com headline stated, "morgue employee cremated by  while taking a nap." The Beaumont police department confirmed that this allegation is fiction. This story is , and we rate it .
Statement: Says Paul Manafort's sentencing judge, Amy Berman Jackson, "conceded that there was absolutely no evidence of any Russian collusion in this case. So that makes two courts. Two courts have ruled no evidence of any collusion with any Russians.
Speaker: kevin downing
About the speaker: Kevin Downing is an attorney based in Washington, D.C. His highest-profile client is Paul Manafort, who was prosecuted by Special Counsel Robert Mueller.
Date: March 13, 2019
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;foreign policy
Context: remarks to reporters
Fact-check justification: Downing said that Jackson "conceded that there was absolutely no  of any Russian collusion in this case. So that makes two courts. Two courts have ruled no  of any collusion with any Russians." Neither Jackson nor the judge in the other case, Ellis, said anything of the sort. To the contrary, they went out of their way to state the opposite. The street fact-checkers were right. We rate Downing’s statement .
Statement: The gun epidemic is the leading cause of death of young African-American men, more than the next nine causes put together.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: September 26, 2016
Location: national
Topics: race and ethnicity;public health;guns
Context: a Presidential debate at Hofstra University
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "The gun epidemic is the leading cause of death of young African-American men, more than the next nine causes put together." As long as you define "young" as being between the ages of 15 and 24, Clinton’s statement is accurate, according to CDC data. We rate the statement .
Statement: We're only spending 2 percent of our GDP on our infrastructure, while China and India are spending 10 percent of their GDP reinvesting back into their country.
Speaker: tim ryan
About the speaker: Tim Ryan is a representative of Ohio’s 13th Congressional District. Ryan served the state’s 17th Congressional District from 2003 until 2013, when he assumed office to represent the 13th District. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president. In 2022, he is running for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat.
Date: July 14, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: infrastructure
Context: a House of Representatives floor speech
Fact-check justification: To get statistics on China, we examined a 2009 United Nations University research paper on infrastructure spending. It says that China spent 9 percent of its GDP on infrastructure in 2006 -  the most recent year for which it had statistics - and that India spent 3.6 percent. That number echoes The Economist’s data, and falls somewhat short of Ryan’s 10 percent figure. Ryan’s makes a solid point that China and India outspend the United States on infrastructure, though he inflated the amount that Asia spends, and slightly understated the U.S. amount. But his exaggeration wasn’t enough to push him statement into  territory, so we rate his statement .
Statement: Says Joe Manchin "refused to commit to Kavanaugh until AFTER the Senate had the votes.
Speaker: patrick morrisey
About the speaker: Patrick Morrisey is the attorney general of West Virginia. Morrisey is running for the West Virginia U.S. Senate seat.
Date: October 6, 2018
Location: west virginia
Topics: legal issues
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Morrisey tweeted that Manchin "refused to commit to Kavanaugh until AFTER the Senate had the votes." Manchin waited until after Collins said she would become the 50th vote in support of Kavanaugh’s nomination to announce his own decision to back him. We rate the statement .