chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: New Jersey has had "seven credit downgrades" since Chris Christie became governor.
Speaker: greta van susteren
About the speaker: Greta Van Susteren, a Wisconsin native, is a talk show host. In January 2017, her show moved from the Fox News Channel to MSNBC.
Date: November 9, 2014
Topics: economy;state budget;states;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Van Susteren said New Jersey has had "seven credit downgrades" since Chris Christie became governor in 2010. We counted eight instances in which the three major credit rating agencies of Wall Street lowered the state’s general obligation bond rating. It’s important to note that does not mean the state’s credit rating has dropped eight places. Not all of the downgrades can be blamed squarely on Christie, as he inherited a large pension obligation that only grew. But the downgrades are a well-documented vulnerability in a potential presidential run, and several analysts have criticized Christie’s more recent budget moves for perpetuating an unstable budget climate.   Van Susteren’s  is close but slightly misses the mark. We rate her  .
Statement: Most of the people that work in finance make $70,000, $80,000 a year.
Speaker: michael bloomberg
About the speaker: Michael Bloomberg was mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013. The billionaire co-founded Bloomberg LP, a financial information and media company, in 1981. On Nov. 24, 2019, he announced his candidacy for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on March 4, 2020.
Date: January 3, 2010
Location: national
Topics: corporations
Context: an interview on 'Meet the Press.'
Fact-check justification: And because of that, it is backed up by a credible federal statistic. But we believe a reasonable person hearing his comment would think he was saying that professionals such as bond traders and brokers earn $70,000 to $80,000 per year. So while he may be technically accurate, we find his statement . It's also worth noting that other statistics more fully reflect that Wall Street professionals, even the most junior ones, earn much higher incomes than the amounts that Bloomberg cited. That's enough in our book to lower his statement to a .
Statement: Jim Renacci cheated on his income taxes" and is a "deadbeat citizen.
Speaker:  afscme
About the speaker: AFSCME, the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, is the largest public employee and health care workers union in the United States.
Date: August 17, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: candidate biography;legal issues;message machine 2010;taxes
Context: a television election ad
Fact-check justification: It seems legitimate to raise questions about Renacci’s failure to properly report his income. Some facts are not in dispute.        But in the end, after taking his dispute to court and working within the system to resolve it, he did ultimately pay the state the full amount due and he wasn’t ever charged with tax fraud. We rate AFSCME’s statement as . Comment on this item .
Statement: We must deal with the here and now and assure affordable fuel for America by increasing domestic production.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: June 17, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Houston, Texas
Fact-check justification: The reality is there is no correlation between today's prices and what gasoline will be discovered in the outer shelf." In fairness, McCain made many arguments when making his case for lifting offshore drilling bans - including enhanced national security. But he left little doubt that the fundamental impetus was to provide some relief to the high prices Americans are paying for gas "here and now." And that argument holds little weight. We rule it .
Statement: Says the Austin City Council "may give $4 million a year to subsidize a race track.
Speaker: kathie tovo
About the speaker: Kathie Tovo, who initially won election to the Austin City Council in 2011, won election to the District 9 single-member council district in 2014. Tovo is a former member of the city planning commission and former vice president of the Austin Neighborhoods Council, her campaign biography says.
Date: April 29, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: city budget;city government;elections;taxes
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Time to wave our checkered flag. Maybe we missed a hairpin turn or two, but it’s clear the council is gearing up to vote on an agreement committing tax revenue to a trust fund devoted to supporting the F1 races. Subsidy? Sure, though Tovo’s statement skirts the expectation that the area will draw tax benefits equal to or exceeding the local expenditures. We rate it .
Statement: Although California has "the sixth largest economy in the world, we also have one of the highest poverty rates" in the nation.
Speaker: antonio villaraigosa
About the speaker: Antonio Villaraigosa, a Democrat, is a candidate for California governor, former mayor of Los Angeles and former state Assembly speaker. 
Date: June 6, 2017
Location: california
Topics: economy;poverty;the 2018 california governor's race
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Antonio Villaraigosa recently claimed California has "the sixth largest economy in the world" and one of the highest poverty rates" in the nation. The facts show Villaraigosa was correct on both points. He omitted, however, the key point that California’s high cost-of-living drags down its economic output and accelerates its poverty. The candidate for governor’s statements would benefit from this additional information. We rate Villaraigosa’s  .   – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information.
Statement: There was "a 57-percent decrease in fireworks-related injuries in 2000 [after Connecticut legalized sparklers] compared to the 14 years prior.
Speaker: eric turner
About the speaker: Eric Turner, a former Indiana state legislator, is director of governmental affairs for American Promotional Events.
Date: April 7, 2015
Location: rhode island
Topics: consumer safety;history;legal issues;government regulation;public safety
Context: testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee
Fact-check justification: Fireworks lobbyist Eric Turner, contending that fireworks injuries decreased when sparklers are legalized, said that when Connecticut legalized sparklers and similar pyrotechnics in 2000, there was "a 57-percent decrease . . . . compared to the 14 years prior." While Turner stood up and shot off his mouth on Smith Hill, he wouldn’t respond to our repeated requests for information. And when we contacted the agency he cited in his testimony, we found the current database misses virtually all fireworks injuries. Finally, the most reliable source of information -- hospital records collected by the state health department -- shows no significant change in emergency room visits before and after sparklers and similar devices became legal. This incendiary  is so  it rates a  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Says Gov. Rick Scott cut more government jobs than were created in the private sector in Florida in 2012.
Speaker: florida democratic party
About the speaker: the Florida affiliate of the Democratic Party.
Date: March 4, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: jobs
Context: a memo 'pre-butting' the State of the State address
Fact-check justification: Scott Arceneaux, executive director of the Florida Democratic Party, tried to discredit Scott’s influence on Florida’s economy on the eve of his State of the State address. Putting the blame for job losses squarely on Scott’s shoulders, Arceneaux said Scott cut "more jobs than he created in Florida in 2012." This  is a bad case of cherry-picking. The Democrats honed in on the state’s bleakest period of job growth. Not only that, they held it up as a whole year’s performance. Yeah, 2012 was sluggish for job growth, especially compared to 2011. But it was an increase nonetheless. We rate the statement !
Statement: U.S. Sen. Johnny Isakson "has never proposed, nor voted in favor of, a substantial cut in federal spending" and has voted for "many substantial increases in federal spending.
Speaker: chuck donovan
About the speaker: Chuck Donovan is a Libertarian candidate for U.S. Senate
Date: September 17, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget
Context: a blog on his campaign website
Fact-check justification: In sum, Senator Isakson never proposed, nor voted in favor of, a substantial cut in spending.   Thus, I told the . The GAO said in 2007:  "GAO’s long-term simulations continue to show ever larger deficits resulting in a federal debt burden that ultimately spirals out of control. "   While I am very disheartened by the -o-meter article, what is really sad is that you have helped Mr. Isakson so he can continue fulfilling GAO’s prophesy.   Allen Buckley
Statement: For the first time in history, the share of the national popular vote margin is smaller than the Latino vote margin.
Speaker: robert menendez
About the speaker: Robert Menendez, a Democrat, has been serving as one of New Jersey's U.S. Senators since January 2006. Menendez previously served as a member of the House of Representatives.
Date: November 14, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: elections
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: About a week after Obama won re-election, Menendez claimed: "For the first time in history, the share of the national popular vote margin is smaller than the Latino vote margin." The senator’s correct that Latino voters put Obama over the top in winning the popular vote, according to both a Latino Decisions poll and exit polling data. But Menendez should have been clearer about the historic nature of the Latino vote in 2012. The 2000 election was the first time when Latino voters delivered more than enough votes for a popular vote victory, but this year’s election marks the first time when Latinos were decisive in electing the overall winner, according to the founders of Latino Decisions. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Wisconsin does not have a deficit. Thanks to Republican reforms, the 2014 budget will begin with a $443 million surplus.
Speaker: alberta darling
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Sen. Alberta Darling, R-River Hills, served in the state Assembly from 1990 to 1992 and has served in the state Senate since 1992. She survived a recall election in August 2011 by defeating state Rep. Sandy Pasch (D-Whitefish Bay).
Date: September 8, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: deficit;state budget;taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The second year of the current 2013-’15 budget -- what Darling refers to as the 2014 budget -- did begin with a $443 million surplus. But the year is expected to end with a $396 million shortfall, and the next biennium -- 2015-’17 -- is projected to start with a $1.8 billion shortfall. Darling’s statement is partially accurate, but leaves out a lot of context. Our rating is . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel’s web page .
Statement: Courts have "quietly confirmed" that the MMR vaccine causes autism.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 29, 2017
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: A years-old story claims courts have "quietly confirmed" the MMR vaccine causes autism. The story relies heavily on a 2012 Italian court case, which was based on a retracted and discredited 1998 study. It also incorrectly suggests that U.S. "courts" are quietly paying off families for vaccine-linked autism cases. In fact, the well-known National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program has evaluated vaccine injury claims since 1988. A link between autism and vaccines has been disproved by court proceedings and several scientific studies. The story misrepresents the relevance of court rulings and provides obscure examples and sparse . It is !
Statement: Video shows "Russian tank column totally destroyed by attack helicopter.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 19, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We’ve previously fact-checked claims that took snippets from  Arma 3 and presented it as footage of Russia attacking Ukraine and China trying to attack Taiwan.   Because this video looked similar to the clips used in those  claims, we searched YouTube for "Arma 3" and some of the key words in the Facebook post — "tank column" and "attack helicopter." That led us to a March 13 post of the same video that appears in the Facebook post, only this one is clearly labeled as a "military simulation" and notes that it’s from the Arma 3 game.   The  that a video shows a Russian tank column totally destroyed by an attack helicopter is . We rate it .
Statement: Tell me what Madeleine Albright's position was on the War on Iraq. I wouldn't be surprised if she supported it.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: February 7, 2016
Location: national
Topics: iraq;foreign policy
Context: comments on Meet the Press
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "Tell me what Madeleine Albright’s position was on the War in Iraq. ... I wouldn’t be surprised if she supported that war." While Albright has voiced support for the troops and said she understands the rationale behind the war, her comments suggest she would have rather avoided the invasion. We rate Sanders’  .
Statement: Dem-controlled Ohio House voted "to change the process, to create objective criteria, to modify the Constitution" ... to "take politics out of the efforts to draw legislative boundaries.
Speaker: armond budish
About the speaker: Rep. Armond Budish, a Democrat from Beachwood, Ohio, formerly was speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives. Be became the minority leader in 2011 after Republicans regained control of the House in the 2010 elections.
Date: November 3, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: redistricting
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: And Budish clearly knows the difference between redistricting and apportionment. He was the lone Democrat on the Apportionment Board. Budish’s statement is not accurate. The legislation he cites would not have addressed congressional redistricting. On the -O-Meter, we rate his statement .
Statement: Says Nick Kahl made it harder for many families to cover basic health care expenses.
Speaker: matt wand
About the speaker: Matt Wand was elected to the Troutdale City Council in 2008. He is an attorney with the firm he founded, Wand Law Firm, Gresham. 
Date: October 24, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: health care;taxes
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Now, for the ruling. While it’s  that the new 1 percent tax is being passed onto consumers, it’s also  that this tax is helping insure 80,000 children. What’s more, the 1 percent is small  compared with average premium increases, and there’s an argument to be made that insuring these children will eventually lower the cost for everybody. There’s a grain of  in the Republicans’  that their opponents are "making it harder for many families" to cover basic health care expenses, but it’s missing so much context that we rate this  . Comment on this item.
Statement: Says Rick Scott "spent $800,000 of your tax dollars upgrading the Governor's Mansion.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: October 24, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: housing
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Crist said Scott "spent $800,000 of your tax dollars upgrading the Governor's Mansion." When we checked with the agency in charge what the totals were, it said almost $745,000 in taxpayer money had been spent during Scott’s term. So the amount of tax money spent on renovations at the mansion is close. However, the ad is trying to make it sound like Scott was being wasteful, and that's not as clear. The Crist and Bush administrations also spent large sums on expensive renovations, and the money doesn't appear to have come from a direct request from Scott (although the Scotts did accept donations to spruce up the mansion). We rate the statement .
Statement: The Florida Department of Agriculture's website FreshFromFlorida.com can be used "to get a permit to carry a loaded hidden gun without ever leaving your house.
Speaker: brady campaign to prevent gun violence
About the speaker: The Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence advocates for state and federal gun laws and to educate the public about gun violence.
Date: March 27, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: guns
Context: a congressional briefing
Fact-check justification: Dan Gross, the president of the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, said that at the Florida Department of Agriculture’s website FreshFromFlorida.com, people can "get a permit to carry a loaded hidden gun without ever leaving your house." The Brady Campaign argued that their  referred to the application itself. But fingerprints are required as part of the application process, and Gross made no such distinction in his statement. We think his overall message was clear: He was trying to convey that it’s so easy to get a gun permit that you can do it from home. The law, though, requires that people receive firearms training and be fingerprinted by law enforcement, two elements that would typically require people to leave their homes. While it’s possible to pay a firearms trainer to come to your property, we found no  that such training is widespread. We also found no  that mobile fingerprinting would be allowed for the gun permit application in the state of Florida. We rate this  .
Statement: Pfizer is "literally using the force of government and the culture of fear to jab children under 5 — with zero basis in science — to make billions of dollars.
Speaker: chip roy
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Chip Roy was elected to represent Texas' 21st Congressional District in 2018. Previously he worked as vice president of strategy for the Texas Public Policy Foundation, a conservative think tank. He also worked as a political operative for several different Texas Republicans.
Date: February 1, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: children;public health;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Roy tweeted regarding consideration of authorizing the vaccine for children age 5 and younger: "Literally using the force of government and the culture of fear to jab children under 5 - with zero basis in science - to make billions of dollars. Shameful,  @pfizer ." However, the development of the vaccine and subsequent clinical trials, as well as the decision on whether to authorize the vaccine, are based in science. Pfizer's clinical trial being administered to thousands of children worldwide including in the U.S. is designed to verify the vaccine's safety and effectiveness. The FDA's decision to authorize emergency use of the vaccine for children under age 5 would be based on the review of the scientific data available. This would likely include both an evaluation of effectiveness and safety, as the data review for children ages 5 to 11 had entailed in October. So the effectiveness of the two-dose course for children under age 5 would be scrutinized in the decision-making process. The urgency for a vaccine for young children stems from the effect of the omicron variant and its transmissibility. Children could fall sick and/or pass on the virus to others around them. Even with this urgency, the FDA's decision would be rooted in a scientific review. We rate this  as .
Statement: We've doubled our use of renewable energy.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 8, 2012
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Seminole, Fla
Fact-check justification: In his two speeches, Obama said, "We've doubled our use of renewable energy." But while the nation has made strides in expanding electricity generated by wind and solar -- the most high-profile part of the administration’s policies -- the increase for all kinds of energy, and for all types of renewables, was about 25 percent. That’s far short of doubling, so we rate the statement .
Statement: If you take into account all the people who are struggling for work, or have just stopped looking, the real unemployment rate is over 15 percent.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: February 4, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: Las Vegas, Nev., on Feb. 4, 2012
Fact-check justification: While the U-6 measurement is not the official gauge of unemployment in the United States, it’s a valid statistic to consider in conjunction with others. It's  that BLS describes it as a "labor underutilization" rate rather than an "unemployment" rate, since some of the people it counts are part-time workers who aren't officially "unemployed." While this distinction is important to PhD economists, we don't think it's a major problem for a speech made to the general public. In other words, for a general audience, we think "the real unemployment rate" is acceptable shorthand for "the labor underutilization rate," especially when a brief description of the measure is provided. So we rate this  .