chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The FCC's net neutrality policy includes what is "essentially a massive tax increase.
Speaker: mike lee
About the speaker: Lee graduated from Brigham Young University with a Bachelor of Science in Political Science, and served as BYU's Student Body President in his senior year. He graduated from BYU's Law School in 1997 and went on to serve as law clerk to Judge Dee Benson of the U.S. District Court for the District of Utah, and then with future Supreme Court Justice Judge Samuel A. Alito, Jr. on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
Lee spent several years as an attorney with the law firm Sidley & Austin specializing in appellate and Supreme Court litigation, and then served as an Assistant U.S. Attorney in Salt Lake City arguing cases before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.
Lee served the state of Utah as Governor Jon Huntsman's General Counsel. He was elected to the Senate in 2010.
Date: February 16, 2015
Location: national
Topics: technology;taxes
Context: an email through Protect Internet Freedom
Fact-check justification: Lee said the FCC’s net neutrality policy "is essentially a massive tax increase." Literally, there won’t be any new taxes as a result of the FCC changes, but there will likely be additional fees. There’s a wide range of estimates -- anywhere from zero to $11 billion a year. Lee’s comment doesn’t account for the fact that the impact on consumers’ service bills is far from certain, and a telecom policy analyst said it's an overstatement to call the potential increases "massive." The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: 93% of the (COVID-19) cases in the state of Illinois have come from Chicago.
Speaker: darin lahood
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Darin LaHood represents the 18th Congressional District of Illinois. Prior to his election to Congress in 2015, he served four years in the Illinois State Senate.
Date: May 1, 2020
Location: illinois
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: LaHood said 93% of COVID-19 cases in Illinois "have come from Chicago." Confirmed cases in Illinois’ largest city account for less than half of the state’s total cases, public health data show. That’s far from the figure LaHood cited during his TV appearance. LaHood’s spokesperson said he was referring to the northern region of the state more broadly, but experts told us that’s no excuse. We rate his  .  — The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Under this tax cut, middle-class families don't save enough for a week's worth of groceries, while millionaires save enough to go on an exotic vacation.
Speaker: lou greenwald
About the speaker: Lou Greenwald is a Democratic state Assemblyman representing parts of Burlington and Camden counties. He also serves as the Assembly Majority Leader.
Date: January 17, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: income;taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: After the governor announced his proposal to cut income tax rates by 10 percent, Greenwald said in a press release that the cut wouldn’t be enough to pay for one week of groceries for a middle-class family, but millionaires would save enough to take an exotic vacation. Greenwald is right: those who make more in New Jersey will save more from an across-the-board income tax cut. And federal data and vacation package deals listed on travel websites back up the assemblyman’s comparisons. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: For every $1 spent on mitigation, $4 in post-storm cleanup and rebuilding is saved.
Speaker: tom rooney
About the speaker: Republican U.S. Rep. Tom Rooney represents Florida's 16th District, which includes multiple counties and touches the east and west coasts of Florida.
Date: June 2, 2011
Location: florida
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Rooney claimed that "for every $1 spent on mitigation, $4 spent on post-storm cleanup and rebuilding is saved." Rooney took that  from a valid national study worked on by dozens of experts. But the ratio referred to FEMA-funded mitigation projects -- not necessarily home upgrades paid for by individual homeowners targeted in Rooney's bill. However, the ratio is widely considered to be an industry standard. We rate this  .
Statement: When Trump won, we had the lowest voter turnout in 20 years.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: April 16, 2017
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: an interview with CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that "when Trump won, we had the lowest voter turnout in 20 years." That’s not correct. In 2016, turnout was lower than it was for two of the elections in that span (2004 and 2008) but it was higher than it was for three others (1996, 2000 and 2012). We rate his statement .
Statement: Says "precisely zero terrorists, terrorist groups or terror plots have ever been connected with the U.S.-Mexico border to do harm to people within the United States.
Speaker: beto o'rourke
About the speaker: Beto O’Rourke is a former representative of Texas’s 16th Congressional District. He represented the district from 2013 until 2019, when he gave up his seat to run a senate campaign against incumbent Ted Cruz, which O’Rourke lost. He received a bachelor’s degree in English literature from Columbia University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: January 3, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;history;terrorism
Context: Greenville, Texas
Fact-check justification: O’Rourke said that "precisely zero terrorists, terrorist groups or terror plots have ever been connected with the U.S.-Mexico border to do harm to people within the United States." State Department declarations support this  while experts told us such instances have proved extremely rare. However, zero means nothing--and it’s not so that there have been absolutely no cases of terrorists or terrorist plots tied to the border. It also looks to us like authorities have foiled every known plan. We rate this  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Say George Washington said that "when government takes away citizens' right to bear arms it becomes citizens' duty to take away government's right to govern.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 16, 2015
Location: national
Topics: history;guns
Context: a meme on social media
Fact-check justification: The meme said George Washington said that "when government takes away citizens’ right to bear arms it becomes citizens’ duty to take away government’s right to govern." Experts say there’s no  that Washington ever said that -- and there are indications that Washington, if anything, favored the arming of trained militias rather than wide swaths of the population. We rate the  .
Statement: President Obama has "added $4 billion in debt every day.
Speaker: crossroads gps
About the speaker: Crossroads GPS is a conservative advocacy group founded by prominent Republicans, including former White House political adviser Karl Rove.
Date: July 13, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: debt;economy;federal budget;message machine 2012
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Crossroads GPS has its math correct what it says that Obama has "added $4 billion in debt every day." But the ad suggests that Obama is solely to blame. That’s not , because other factors -- including the struggling economy he inherited and decisions made before he took office -- contributed to that debt. We rate this  .
Statement: The governor must inform the Senate president about his or her absence from the state.
Speaker: jennifer horn
About the speaker: Jennifer Horn, the chairman of the Republican Party of New Hampshire, is a two-time challenger for the New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district. She won the Republican nomination in 2008, but eventually lost to Paul Hodes in the general election. In 2010, she lost to Charles Bass in the Republican primary. Horn lives in Nashua, New Hampshire, with her husband William Horn.
Date: February 4, 2015
Location: new hampshire
Topics: legal issues
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: New Hampshire Republican Party Chairwoman Jennifer Horn said Gov. Maggie Hassan "must inform the Senate president about his or her absence from the state."   While according to the state Constitution the governor’s powers are passed onto the Senate president during certain gubernatorial absences, the Constitution does not specifically require notification. It has been a frequent practice for governors to notify the Senate president of their absence from the state (as Hassan has been doing by email) but this policy hasn’t been followed in every case. We rate her statement .
Statement: Justice Antonin Scalia agreed for the Supreme Court to hear a case about whether Barack Obama is eligible to be President.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: June 28, 2010
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;obama birth certificate;supreme court
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: This is an extremely  chain e-mail. First, it is not an Associated Press article, despite posing as one. Second, an individual justice would not speak for the court when agreeing to hear a case. Third, the case was, in fact, denied cert by the court. It's a  and  , so we give it a .
Statement: Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker's "budget okays disposing of unclaimed pound dogs to university research facilities.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 6, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget
Context: various blog postings critical of Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker
Fact-check justification: To sum up, bloggers are saying Walker is responsible for inventing a dog pipeline from animal shelters to research labs where the dogs die for important medical research. A rescue group suggested his budget amendment would expand the pipeline. But the provision predates Walker’s administration by decades, and by numerous accounts, it is not used because of decisions by shelters. The law, like dozens of others, is mentioned in the budget only for technical reasons, and the proposed amendment would have no practical effect. We rate the  .
Statement: Through competition as governor, I got agreements to build a nearly $40-billion natural gas pipeline.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: September 10, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Virginia
Fact-check justification: The agreement she reached — with the help of the Alaska State Legislature — is not a commitment to build, but rather a commitment to begin planning the massive project. Palin's  suggests that construction is assured, but that's just not . And if it were, it wouldn't be a $40-billion pipeline. Those are two significant flaws in this  Palin makes repeatedly. Still, there is a new agreement that was forged with Palin as governor, so we rate her boast as .
Statement: The book Little Red Riding Hood is something "that's been banned in America," but not assault weapons.
Speaker: moms demand action for gun sense in america 
About the speaker: Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense In America is a group that advocates stricter gun laws. It claims tens of thousands of members and more than 75 local chapters across the country.
Date: April 15, 2013
Location: national
Topics: education;guns
Context: an ad shared on social media
Fact-check justification: Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America’s ad said that Little Red Riding Hood is something "that’s been banned in America," but assault weapons haven’t been. We understand what the ad is trying to do, but its black-and-white language obscures that the "bans" being compared are not so clear-cut. Little Red Riding Hood was banned only in two school districts and nearly a quarter century ago; many books have been banned much more recently, and much more frequently, than that. In the meantime, there’s no national assault-weapons ban, but more than a quarter of Americans live in states that have banned assault weapons. The  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: The 1908 Model T earned better gas mileage than a typical SUV sold in 2008.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: March 19, 2009
Location: national
Topics: energy;transportation
Context: remaks made at an electric car testing center
Fact-check justification: It's not a fair comparison." We agree that the two cars are totally different. But Obama was careful in the way he phrased his statement: "The 1908 Model T earned better gas mileage than a typical SUV sold in 2008. "  As long as you don't consider any factors other than mileage, he's right. We rate his statement .
Statement: Malia Obama expelled from Harvard.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 10, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: Internet posts
Fact-check justification: The articles quite often end up being passed around on multiple websites, often without an indication that they are . TheLastLineOfDefense.org doesn’t immediately indicate that any of its stories are , but its About Us link notes that "all articles should be considered satirical and any and all quotes attributed to actual people complete and total baloney." Point being, Malia wasn’t caught smoking weed in a Boston hotel, and didn’t get booted from a school she isn’t even attending yet. Don’t expect to see her having to settle for Brown anytime soon. We rate this statement !
Statement: Joe Biden confirmed his plan to abolish the entire U.S. oil industry.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 26, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;pennsylvania
Context: a rally
Fact-check justification: Trump said Biden wants to "abolish the entire U.S. oil industry." He’s oversimplifying Biden’s nuanced position — and baselessly saying Biden confirmed that oversimplification. Biden wants to eliminate federal subsidies for oil companies and use that money to invest in renewable energy. Plus, Biden supports the development of carbon capture technology that could help oil companies stay in business. Trump’s statement is . We rate it . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Come February (2018), Americans will see their paychecks grow at the tune of saving $1,000 or more a year.
Speaker: kayleigh mcenany
About the speaker: Kayleigh McEnany is an on-air commentator for Fox News and former White House press secretary under President Donald Trump. She was previously a spokeswoman for the Republican National Committee and a pro-Trump pundit on CNN.
Date: December 27, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: income;workers;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: It’s expected that some Americans, though it’s impossible to know how many, will start seeing larger take-home pay from their paychecks in February 2018 as less money is withheld for taxes as a result of the law. Meanwhile, it’s expected that about 60 percent of households will see tax cuts of at least $1,000 per year from 2018 through 2025. But those would largely go away after 2025, when various individual tax cuts in the law expire. As for whether Americans in large numbers will get raises or bonuses -- because of the tax law -- that remains to be seen. McEnany’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details -- our definition of .
Statement: I'm the only member of the House of Representatives who raised most of his campaign funds in the last election from small contributions of less than $200.
Speaker: alan grayson
About the speaker: Alan Grayson was initially elected to Congress in 2008, then defeated for re-election in 2010. He was elected again to Congress from a different district in 2012. He lost the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate in Florida in 2016.
Date: April 16, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: campaign finance
Context: an interview with Democracy Now
Fact-check justification: Grayson said, "I’m the only member of the House of Representatives who raised most of his campaign funds in the last election from small contributions of less than $200." Grayson’s small donations equaled 57 percent of his donations during the most recent cycle, putting him ahead of second-place finisher Wasserman Schultz at 47 percent, according to the Center for Responsive Politics. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Democrats "want to give (undocumented immigrants) cars.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 20, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Elko, Nev
Fact-check justification: Trump said that Democrats "want to give (undocumented immigrants) cars." There is no  for this. It rates .
Statement: An increase in Medicare Part B premiums means "America's seniors are paying the price for Biden's inflation crisis.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: November 16, 2021
Location: florida
Topics: corrections and updates;health care;medicare;health check
Context: a press release headline
Fact-check justification: Scott said in a press release about the 2022 increase in Medicare Part B premiums that "America’s seniors are paying the price for Biden’s inflation crisis."  Though his statement contains a sliver of , Scott’s assertion ignores critical facts that create a different impression. For instance, Medicare policy experts said current general inflation has little, if anything, to do with the increase in premiums. CMS said the increase was needed to put away money in case Medicare starts paying for an Alzheimer’s drug that could add tens of billions in costs in one year and to make up for congressional action last year that held down premiums. We rate the  . CORRECTION, Nov. 24, 2021 : A previous version of this story misstated the effect of a hold-harmless provision in federal law. That measure protects people from seeing a reduction in Social Security payments caused by higher Medicare premiums in years when the cost-of-living adjustment to Social Security is not enough to cover the premium hike. The earlier story’s reference to 70% of Medicare beneficiaries being protected in 2022 was . The rating remains the same.
Statement: I think if you look to Chicago, where you had over 4,000 victims of gun-related crimes last year, they have the strictest gun laws in the country. That certainly hasn't helped there.
Speaker: sarah huckabee sanders
About the speaker: Sarah Huckabee Sanders became the governor of Arkansas in January 2023. She worked as White House press secretary 2017-2019. The daughter of former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee, she was a surrogate for Donald Trump's presidential campaign.
Date: October 2, 2017
Location: illinois
Topics: guns
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Sanders, fielding questions about the impact of the Las Vegas massacre, pointed to chronic  gun violence in Chicago as proof that tough gun laws were ineffective. "I think if you look to Chicago, where you had over 4,000 victims of gun-related crimes last year, they have the strictest gun laws in the country," she said. "That certainly hasn’t helped there," There was a brief time between 2008 and 2010 -- the window during which Washington, D.C.’s handgun ban had been invalidated but Chicago’s still stood -- where that might have been . But federal court rulings effectively undid city and state laws severely restricting gun use and ownership in the Chicago. When it comes to the concealed carry of weapons, Chicago has less authority to impose limitations than do many other large U.S. cities. In the thick of 2016 presidential campaign, we rated a nearly identical statement from then candidate Trump as . Since then, similar claims have been uttered frequently by others and repeatedly debunked. Sanders therefore has had ample opportunity to learn her boss had been flat  when making the same  on the campaign trail. Her revival of the , made in the midst of the debate raging over the Las Vegas massacre, is at best intellectually lazy and at worst a deliberate attempt to mislead. There’s no mitigating factor or missing context here. Sanders’ statement earns our lowest credibility rating, .
Statement: Moderna has been pulled in Iceland and pulled for everyone under age 30 in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark due to heart issues.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 28, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said, "Moderna has been pulled in Iceland and pulled for everyone under age 30 in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark due to heart issues."  The information is . Iceland has not "pulled" the Moderna vaccine and is still using it for some people over 60.  Of the other countries, Sweden temporarily suspended the use of Moderna for all people under 30, but Finland only restricts its use for males under age 30. Norway and Denmark recommend that young people take vaccines other than Moderna but do not require it.  We rate this  .