chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Only "18 percent of jobs are accessible by transit for metro Atlanta residents. 33 percent for those living in the city.
Speaker: keith parker
About the speaker: Keith Parker is the general manager/CEO of the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority.
 
Date: January 21, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;transportation
Context: a Twitter post
Fact-check justification: We want people to see this is a viable option." So as state and local leaders hash out ideas to discuss those options, can they count on the statistics reflecting workers’ access to jobs by public transit today? Parker posted a Tweet from a forum, claiming 33 percent of people in the city and 18 percent elsewhere have that access. An independent analysis confirmed the point, if not the precise number for suburbanites. We rate the  .
Statement: Sen. Marco Rubio signed a 2021 letter that "supports waivers that would reduce visual track inspections.
Speaker: pete buttigieg
About the speaker: Pete Buttigieg is the Transportation secretary under President Joe Biden. Buttigieg was elected mayor of South Bend, Ind., in 2011 and was re-elected in 2015. He decided not to seek re-election and his term ended in January 2020. From 2009 to 2017, he served in the U.S. Navy Reserve and was a lieutenant. He received a bachelor’s degree in history and literature from Harvard College and a first-class honors bachelor’s degree in philosophy, politics and economics from Pembroke College as a Rhodes Scholar. He ran for president in the 2020 Democratic primaries.
Date: February 21, 2023
Location: ohio
Topics: government regulation;transportation
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Buttigieg said Rubio signed a 2021 letter that "supports waivers that would reduce visual track inspections." Rubio’s 2021 letter encouraged the Federal Railroad Administration to quickly review the railroad industry’s requests for automated track inspection test programs and waivers.  Buttigieg’s  leaves out important information. The letter did not explicitly advocate for fewer visual track inspections. If the agency had approved the railroad industry’s requests, fewer visual track inspections would have been required. But the reduction in visual inspections would have been supplemented with automated track inspections. Buttigieg’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . RELATED: Fact-checking Trump’s ‘I had nothing to do with it’ remarks after the Ohio train derailment RELATED: Obama-era safety rule for high-hazard cargo trains was repealed under Trump RELATED: Did Ohio train derailment cause CDC to update its vinyl chloride toxicology info? No
Statement: When the union says I want to eliminate tenure, that's not true.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: April 29, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: education;state budget;unions
Context: a speech at the Harvard Graduate School of Education
Fact-check justification: The only agreement is that Christie’s proposal eliminates tenure as it is now defined in New Jersey. Some said it's reasonable to call that a form of tenure, while others said the word doesn't apply any more. The governor said his plan doesn't eliminate tenure. But given that experts disagree about how to characterize his plan, we rate the governor’s statement . To comment on this ruling, go to  NJ.com .
Statement: Texas has "a higher unemployment rate than neighboring states.
Speaker: bill white
About the speaker: Bill White, an author, is a San Antonio native who was mayor of Houston from 2004-2009. He was the 2010 Democratic nominee for governor of Texas.
Date: September 27, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: economy
Context: an e-mail
Fact-check justification: Nationally, the unemployment rate was 9.6 percent in August. Twenty-six states and the District of Columbia had higher unemployment rates than Texas. Upshot: In August, Texas had a higher unemployment rate than Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana, but not New Mexico. We rate White's statement as .
Statement: There are more people living in this country who were not born here than at anytime in the history of the country.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: November 23, 2014
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: an interview on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Santorum said, "There are more people living in this country who were not born here than at anytime in the history of country." In terms of the absolute number of foreign-born individuals living in the United States, Santorum is correct. However, in terms of the number of immigrants as a percentage of the total population, he’s not. Immigrants made up a bigger share of the total population from 1860 to 1920 than they do today. This measurement is by far the more useful of the two, experts said, as it accounts for total population growth. Whether it’s even worthwhile to compare immigration levels of today with other points in U.S. history is up for debate given drastic economic and political shifts over time. As for Santorum’s , it is partially accurate but missing important caveats. We rate it .
Statement: Now remember, property taxes went up 70 percent in the 10 years before I became governor.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: October 16, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: taxes
Context: West Milford
Fact-check justification: Christie said: "property taxes went up 70 percent in the 10 years before I became governor." In the decade before Christie took office, the average property tax bill climbed more than 70 percent, from roughly $4,240 to about $7,280. But when property tax rebates are taken into account, the increase is less, jumping roughly 50 percent in a decade. Either way, Christie is on point that property taxes increased significantly from 1999 to 2009. We rate this statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Our men and women of the Guard have been forced to contact food banks to feed themselves.
Speaker: leticia van de putte
About the speaker: Leticia Van de Putte, a pharmacist, was the 2014 Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor. She previously served in the Texas House.
Date: August 29, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;poverty
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Van de Putte said: "Our men and women of the Guard have been forced to contact food banks to feed themselves." No one has confirmed any troops contacting food banks to feed themselves. What happened: A National Guard functionary took the precautionary step of asking a border-area food bank about troops yet to be paid possibly receiving groceries if necessary. The food bank said it could provide. We rate this statement .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Forty percent of people in this country, illegally, are overstaying visas.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: July 22, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: an appearance on 'Fox & Friends'
Fact-check justification: Rubio said "40 percent of people in this country, illegally, are overstaying visas." This widely cited statistic is an estimate based on research that has roots going back to the 1990s. But because federal agencies haven’t provided new data, there’s little for analysts to use to provide an updated figure. Experts (including the demographer who created the initial estimate) told us that while illegal immigration trends have changed over the years, 40 percent can still be considered an acceptable estimate. We rate Rubio’s statement .
Statement: Because of (the 1994 crime bill), we had a 25-year low in crime, a 33-year low in the murder rate, and listen to this, because of that and the background check law, a 46-year low in the deaths of people of gun violence.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: April 7, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: crime
Context: Philadelphia
Fact-check justification: In a heated exchange with protesters in Philadelphia, Bill Clinton defended his 1994 crime bill saying "because of that bill, we had a 25-year low in crime, a 33-year low in the murder rate, and listen to this, because of that and the background check law, a 46-year low in the deaths of people of gun violence." Experts and studies haven’t reached consensus on what caused the historic drops in crime. But they do roundly agree that it can’t all be attributed to Clinton’s 1994 crime bill. In fact, most suggest the crime bill’s role in the drop was negligible. We rule the  .
Statement: Studies show that if we opened one reserve in Alaska now, in five years, gas prices could be at $2 a gallon.
Speaker: stephen fincher
About the speaker: Stephen Fincher, a Republican who hails from tiny Frog Jump, Tenn., represents Tennessee’s 8th Congressional District. He is a farmer and managing partner in Fincher Farms.
Date: December 30, 2011
Location: tennessee
Topics: energy;gas prices
Context: an interview with the Union City Daily Messenger
Fact-check justification: "But," she said, "how that would influence the market would be in question. I haven't seen any studies saying $2." One of the principles of our -O-Meter is that elected officials are accountable for what they say. But in this case, Fincher failed to provide  of his enticing . And to the contrary, experts told us that they know of no such study, and even if one were to pop up, it would still be  to isolate just one of the many variables that can impact the price of a gallon of gas. We rate his  .
Statement: More than ever our nation and the traveling public rely on Amtrak for mobility.
Speaker: wick moorman
About the speaker: Amtrak CEO
Date: February 15, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: transportation
Context: In front of a Senate subcommittee
Fact-check justification: Its ridership reached a record 31.3 million in 2016. But the train service is lagging in other ways. The number of passenger miles traveled on Amtrak in 2016 was 6.5 billion, fewer than the previous year and fewer than what Amtrak projected. Passenger miles traveled on Amtrak also represent a smaller share when compared to highway bus and air miles traveled than in the past. We rule the  .
Statement: Federal "agencies and government have grown 50% since 2019.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: July 9, 2023
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget;medicaid;medicare;social security
Context: an interview with Fox News' Maria Bartiromo
Fact-check justification: DeSantis said, "The agencies and government have grown 50% since 2019." He has a point that federal spending is on track to grow by 43% to 55% over 2019 levels by 2024, depending on which measure you use. When adjusted for gross domestic product, the increase is smaller, about 11%. However, spending is an imperfect way to measure the size of "agencies and government."  Federal employment is up about 2%. And about two-thirds of federal spending goes either directly to Americans as cash payments or as payments for their health care, meaning that a large chunk of the increase in spending goes directly toward Americans, rather than the bureaucracy. We rate the statement .
Statement: In Virginia, Black people are eight times (8X) more likely than white people to die of gun homicide.
Speaker: levar stoney
About the speaker: Levar Stoney is a 2016 candidate for mayor of Richmond.
Stoney was appointed Secretary of the Commonwealth in 2014 by Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe. He resigned the post in April 2016 to run for mayor. Prior to that, he served as executive director of the Virginia Democratic Party and worked in a number of campaigns.
Stoney was born in 1981 in New York and later moved to Yorktown, Va. He graduated from James Madison University in 2004, where he was president of the student government.
 
Date: June 16, 2022
Location: virginia
Topics: crime;public health;guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Stoney said, "In Virginia, Black people are eight times (8X) more likely than white people to die of gun homicide." CDC figures show that 14.3 out of every 100,000 Black Virginians were killed in gun homicides from 2016 to 2020. The rate for white people was 1.7 per 100,000. In other words, Black people in Virginia were 8.4 times more likely than white people to be murdered by firearms. A report cited by Stoney accurately rounded the figure down to eight times more likely. We rate Stoney’s statement .
Statement: Congratulations to Ruben, knighted by the Queen. Now goes by the name, Sir Ruben.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 24, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An image shared on Facebook claimed that Ruben, an influencer cat from Exeter, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II, becoming Sir Ruben. The image was edited to replace Simon Russell Beale, an actor who was knighted in 2019, with the black cat from Exeter. The edited photo was shared on Ruben’s Facebook page on April Fools’ Day. Regrettably, we rate the image .
Statement: Some doctors say Ebola can be transmitted through the air by "a sneeze or some cough.
Speaker: george will
About the speaker: George Will is a conservative columnist syndicated by the Washington Post.
Date: October 19, 2014
Topics: ebola;health care;public health;punditfact
Context: comments on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Will said that some scientists say that Ebola can be transmitted in public by a sneeze or a cough. The source of that was a commentary about the risks to hospital workers treating people in advanced stages of the disease. One of the authors of that commentary said her work applied only to health care workers in those settings. The medical literature says sneezing and coughing are not part of the disease’s typical symptoms, and experts we reached drew a bright line between what might happen in a hospital isolation ward and a person with early symptoms of Ebola before he or she is admitted. There is no  that Ebola has been transmitted in the general public through coughing or sneezing. Will took a medical commentary out of context. We rate the  . Update (Noon, Oct. 20): After we published this item, we heard from some folks who disagreed with our ruling. Read our response here .
Statement: While previous clemency boards granted restoration of civil rights to thousands of Floridians,  "so far this year, under this clemency board, four (felons) have gotten their rights back.
Speaker: nikki fried
About the speaker: Nikki Fried is the chair of the Florida Democratic Party and Won't Back Down political action committee. Fried lost the Democratic primary for Florida governor in 2022. Previously, she served as the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Commissioner. Before that, she worked as a lawyer and marijuana lobbyist and as the head of the felony division of the Alachua County public defender. 
Date: October 29, 2019
Location: florida
Topics: elections;crime
Context: a pre-legislative media forum
Fact-check justification: Fried said that while previous clemency boards granted restoration of civil rights to thousands of Floridians, "so far this year, under this clemency board, four (felons) have gotten their rights back." Fried was counting one group of people who got their rights restored without a pardon. And we confirmed four people had their rights restored by the clemency board in 2019. They sought pardons and did not get them. But we found an additional 16 people who did receive pardons and simultaneously had their rights restored. Fried’s overall point is correct: Very few people in Florida have had their rights restored by the clemency board this year, significantly lower than the thousands or tens of thousands under previous governors.  We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "viciously" attacked women abused by Bill Clinton.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 9, 2016
Location: national
Topics: history;women
Context: the second presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said that Hillary Clinton "viciously" attacked women who accused Bill Clinton of abuse. Bill Clinton certainly has been accused of sexual assault and having affairs. The record shows Hillary Clinton played a role in defending her husband, and that the Clintons’ first presidential campaign deployed tough tactics to defend against stories of consensual sex. But in the cases of alleged abuse by Broaddrick, Willey and Jones, Hillary Clinton was largely silent. The words she allegedly had with Broaddrick are subject to interpretation. Approving the release of Willey’s letters does qualify as an attack, but using a person’s words against them is a fairly tame tactic. And Clinton did not attack Jones directly. Overall, we rate the  .
Statement: In countries where there are higher, more strict gun laws, there is more gun violence.
Speaker: eric bolling
About the speaker: Eric Bolling is a conservative political commentator. He is a former Fox News host.
Date: August 27, 2015
Topics: punditfact;guns
Context: a broadcast of "The Five" on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Bolling said that countries with tougher gun laws have more gun violence.  The data show that among countries more like America economically, nations with stricter regulation have much lower rates of gun-related homicides. South Africa has tougher laws but is much poorer, and it is the only exception. Bolling described a pattern that does not exist. We rate this  .
Statement: Every day, a black name resume is 50 percent less likely to get responded to than a white name resume.
Speaker: jalen ross
About the speaker: Student Council President at the University of Virginia.
Date: March 15, 2015
Topics: corrections and updates;jobs;race and ethnicity;punditfact
Context: comments on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Ross said, "Every day, a black name resume is 50 percent less likely to get responded to than a white name resume." A reputable study by respected economists of callback rates for resumes with white- and black-sounding names backs up this point. Ross' biggest error is his specifc phrasing, while white names were 50 percent more likely to get a call back, that means that black names were 33 percent less likely to do so. Ross made a  in his phrasing -- one that tripped us up as well. But his overall point remains valid and the study he relied on showed a sizable discrepancy between white and black sounding names. We rate the  . Correction: Like Ross, we originally made a  calculating the percent change conveyed by the study. This item has been updated to reflect the correct information.
Statement: In 2011, texting surpassed alcohol as the leading contributing factor in teen driving deaths.
Speaker: maria sachs
About the speaker: Maria Sachs is a state senator from Delray Beach, Fla.
Date: October 1, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: public safety
Context: Fort Lauderdale
Fact-check justification: Sachs’ statistic -- that starting in 2011,  texting began surpassing alcohol as the leading contributing factor to teen driving deaths -- was based on a misinterpretation of a scientific study and information from NHTSA that could not be confirmed. In reality, NHTSA’s analysis of their data found that alcohol was involved in more lethal crashes than distracted driving in 2011. While there’s no question that texting while driving is a danger, it hasn’t supplanted alcohol as "the leading contributing factor in teen driving deaths." However, the figures are imperfect enough that we can't rule out an undercount in deaths associated with texting while driving. We rate the  .
Statement: President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden "left me 128 judges to fill. You just don't do that.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 29, 2020
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: the first 2020 presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said Obama did something  by leaving him 128 judgeships to fill. The actual number is 105, but the bigger flaw in Trump’s narrative is that it ignores the successful effort of Republicans to block the people Obama put forward. That effort was somewhat effective in Obama’s first term, and became a nearly impenetrable barrier during Obama’s last two years. We rate this  . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.