chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: I'm not taking any corporate PAC money.
Speaker: kathy manning
About the speaker: Kathy Manning is a candidate for Congress in North Carolina's 13th Congressional District.
Date: October 23, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: campaign finance;corporations;elections;transparency
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Kathy Manning said "I’m not taking any corporate PAC money. I don’t want to be beholden to corporations." Manning is technically correct that she hasn’t taken any corporate PAC money. But she has taken money from other PACs, including from non-corporate PACs that are funded by corporate PACs. Furthermore, what Manning fails to mention is that corporate PACs are not funded by corporations themselves, but rather by the employees of those corporations. And she has taken plenty of money from employees of large corporations, including the CEOs of companies in industries like investment banking, real estate, chemicals and tech. We rate this  .
Statement: Foxconn will not face oversight from any federal, state, or local agency to guarantee it complies with our wetlands protection laws.
Speaker: matt flynn
About the speaker: Milwaukee attorney Matt Flynn announced in October 2017 that he is running for the Democratic nomination for governor of Wisconsin in the 2018 election. A former chairman of the Wisconsin Democratic Party, Flynn lost bids for the U.S. Senate in 1986 and 1988 and was defeated in contests for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1978 and 2004. 
Date: June 13, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment;government regulation;regulation;water
Context: news release
Fact-check justification: Our rating In a news release, Flynn said "Foxconn will not face oversight from any federal, state, or local agency to guarantee it complies with our wetlands protection laws." The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers announced that "it has no jurisdiction," but the state Department of Natural Resources says "Foxconn is subject to federal wetland permitting requirements and must properly mitigate any impact on wetlands." Indeed, Foxconn is required to mitigate wetlands at a higher ratio than other companies in the state. The bottomline: While some environmental oversight was removed, Flynn’s  went beyond that to say there would be no oversight related to wetlands. For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate his  .
Statement: A majority of the candidates on this stage have supported amnesty ... I have never supported amnesty.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: August 6, 2015
Location: national
Topics: immigration;candidate biography
Context: Cleveland
Fact-check justification: Cruz said at a Republican debate, "A majority of the candidates on this stage have supported amnesty," adding, "I have never supported amnesty." All of the candidates at the debate, with Cruz as the exception, have at some point in their recent political careers expressed support for a pathway to citizenship or other legal status for illegal immigrants currently in the United States, somewhat like was proposed in the Gang of Eight bill. Because there is no hard and fast definition for "amnesty," some would argue that this does not necessarily count. However, it is reminiscent of 1986 legislation that was widely considered amnesty. By Cruz’s standards, any path to citizenship is amnesty. We rate Cruz’s  .
Statement: Charlie Crist stopped "layoffs of some 20,000 school teachers during the global economic meltdown.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: November 4, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a speech announcing his candidacy for governor
Fact-check justification: Charlie Crist said that he stopped "layoffs of some 20,000 school teachers during the global economic meltdown." Crist was referring to the 2009 federal stimulus, which included education money to keep teachers and other education workers on the job. Without stimulus dollars, there could have been massive layoffs, though it’s difficult to pinpoint the precise number of teachers. Crist was a big-time cheerleader for the stimulus, urging members of Florida’s congressional delegation to support it. There was also that manhug with Obama that was used against him in his race for Senate. But Crist didn't have much of a role in getting the actual stimulus passed; that credit goes to Congress and Obama. And, many governors took the stimulus money to save teaching jobs. In all likelihood, Florida would have gotten the money without Crist's high-profile support. We rate this  .
Statement: Slices of lemon in a cup of hot water can save your life. The hot lemon can kill the proliferation of" the novel coronavirus.
Speaker: chain message
About the speaker: Anonymous chain messages often circulate on platforms like iMessage, WhatsApp, Snapchat and Facebook Messenger during major news events.
Date: March 23, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: As of now, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19. But according to the Mayo Clinic, patients can alleviate symptoms — including cough, shortness of breath and fever — with cough medicine, pain and fever relievers, rest, and fluids. The chain message is . We rate it . If you receive a chain message that you want us to fact-check, send a screenshot to [email protected] .
Statement: All evidence points to the fact that our kids are 17 times more likely to have ill effects from the seasonal flu than they are from the coronavirus.
Speaker: dan forest
About the speaker: Dan Forest is North Carolina's Lieutenant Governor.
Date: September 2, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: coronavirus
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Forest said, "All  points to the fact that our kids are 17 times more likely to have ill effects from the seasonal flu than they are from the coronavirus." He misrepresented a line in the Wall Street Journal, which said "children under age 14 are between 6.8 and 17 times less likely to die of Covid-19 than the seasonal flu or pneumonia." He cherry-picks the highest number and incorrectly uses "ill effects" rather than deaths.  Are kids "17 times" more likely to suffer from the flu than COVID-19? It’s possible, but not conclusive at this point. Is death an "ill effect" of coronavirus? Of course. But Forest's phrasing doesn’t accurately represent the Wall Street Journal’s op-ed. Forest’s  contains an element of . But it isn’t supported by "all" , as he claims, and it downplays the risks of COVID-19 by focusing only on death. We rate it .
Statement: To get out of the (teachers) union, you pay 85 percent of $731. Then you're out of the union, but you've got to pay it every year, also required by statute. That's called a representation fee.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: March 23, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: education;unions
Context: an appearance at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University
Fact-check justification: At the Hoover Institution, Christie claimed that, under state law, individuals must pay a representation fee worth 85 percent of the $731 in annual dues if they opt against joining the NJEA. Christie’s on target about the state statute, which allows public-sector unions to collect a representation fee of up to 85 percent. But the governor’s slightly off on the charges assessed by the teachers union, which collects a maximum dues amount of $791 and a representation fee of 81.8 percent. Still, Christie’s overall point is solid: not joining the teachers union still costs money. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Between the first and second quarters of 2018 — after the tax cuts were enacted — real wages fell by 1.8 percent.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: July 26, 2018
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Pelosi tweeted, "Between the first and second quarters of 2018 — after the tax cuts were enacted — real wages fell by 1.8 percent." There's a grain of , in that one unofficial measurement did produce that finding. But it is an outlier. Official statistics contradicted that, showing stable or modestly rising wages. Those were available before the recent social media traffic. We rate the statement .
Statement: Ivermectin sterilizes the majority (85%) of the men who take it.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 7, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post shared a repeated  that 85% of men who take ivermectin become sterile. The source for the 85% figure is a study conducted 10 years ago and used a small sample size with no control group to compare the results. The figure also wasn’t the conclusion reached by the study, and was only referenced in the paper as being from a separate report. The peer-review process of the journal the study was published in is also questionable. The anti-parasitic drug has seen increased use during the pandemic as some people claimed it was a miracle treatment for COVID-19. However, there is no proof that ivermectin is effective against the virus. We rate the infertility  .
Statement: Says the foreman of the jury that convicted him was a Greenpeace activist.
Speaker: tom delay
About the speaker: Tom DeLay, a former members of the U.S. House and Texas House, is a former House majority leader. He resigned his seat in June 2006. In 2010, a Travis County jury convicted him of laundering corporate donations to help Texas House candidates in 2002, but the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals overturned the convictions Oct. 1, 2014.
Date: January 13, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: environment;bipartisanship;criminal justice
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: After we published this article, Stotts responded to our Jan. 31 e-mail seeking comment. Stotts replied Feb. 10: "I contribute monetarily to Greenpeace, but I am not a Greenpeace activist. I went to, at most, a few local environmental rallies because a good friend of mine used to work for their organization. I have probably volunteered more times for the food bank in Austin than I have for official Greenpeace events. I also work for a conservative insurance company, but neither of these things had an effect on my ability to render an honest and fair verdict in the trial."
Statement: Says he "came to the Republican Party sooner in age" than Ronald Reagan.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: October 11, 2011
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;new hampshire 2012
Context: Republican presidential primary debate
Fact-check justification: The library’s website says Reagan made the switch and registered Republican in the fall of 1962, when he was 51. As for Perry, born March 4, 1950, he won his first three political races for a Texas House seat as a Democrat, then switched parties in 1989 to challenge a Democratic agricultural commissioner. A Texas Tribune story says Perry announced he was changing parties on Sept. 29 of that year in a press conference outside the Texas Capitol. On the day of the press conference, Perry was 39 years old, 12 years younger than Reagan when he made his switch. We rate Perry’s statement .
Statement: Says "under our current sentencing laws, about 75 percent of all convicted felons in Oregon do not go to prison.
Speaker: michael schrunk
About the speaker: Michael Schrunk has served as the District Attorney for Multnomah County since 1981.
Date: July 23, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a guest column for The Oregonian
Fact-check justification: It’s important, he added, that the public has access to these sorts of figures, even if they require some context. "I think the more information the public has, the better." As for our ruling, the DAs were very specific in their statement that "75 percent of all convicted felons in Oregon do not go to prison." Technically they’re right, but the number of felons the DAs "lock up" is considerable higher and that’s an important piece of missing context. We’ll give this one a .
Statement: Donald Trump "never left" the White House.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 2, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) The video offers no  to support this . While Trump is active in politics — issuing statements , holding rallies , giving interviews — he is no longer the president. He left the White House on Jan. 20, 2021, and hasn’t returned. We rate this post !
Statement: Joe Biden didn't sign an antilynching bill in a ceremony outside the White House on March 29.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 30, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: That’s "gentle breeze" territory, according to the Weather Service’s guide to estimating wind speed.   The video shared by the White House shows that Biden, Harris and Duster were all wearing coats, as were people seated for the ceremony.   But White House officials weren’t the only ones to capture this event. There’s corroborating photo and video  and news reports from media organizations, including the Associated Press , Getty Images , and the New York Times . We rate this post .
Statement: Says Brett Kavanaugh is "pro-Obamacare.
Speaker: andrew napolitano
About the speaker: Andrew Napolitano is a Fox News political commentator and legal analyst.
Date: July 10, 2018
Topics: health care;supreme court;punditfact
Context: an interview on "Fox and Friends."
Fact-check justification: Napolitano said that Kavanaugh is pro-Obamacare. Kavanaugh wrote opinions in two cases involving the legality of the Affordable Care Act. In both, he rejected the claims from opponents of the law based on narrow, more technical grounds. Some but not all conservatives see an openness to Obamacare in those writings. Legal scholars said they saw no preference either way in Kavanaugh’s opinions. In one case, he pointedly said that he wasn’t making a sweeping finding. Rather, he argued that under an old law, the court should wait before weighing in. There is room for people to interpret the meaning of Kavanaugh’s opinions, but on the surface, his words say little about his overall position on Obamacare. We rate this  .
Statement: In Texas public schools, "we spend an average of $12,000 per pupil per year.
Speaker: matt mackowiak
About the speaker: Matt Mackowiak, former press secretary to U.S. Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison, lives and works in Washington and Austin. He frequently comments on politics and government.
Date: September 8, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget;states
Context: an opinion column
Fact-check justification: Mackowiak said Texas spends $12,000 per student on its public schools. Mackowiak had a way to reach his figure, but he overshot. Authoritative calculations suggest spending has been running closer to $7,100 to $8,500 per student or so. We rate the statement .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Terry McAuliffe has "threatened to shut down Virginia's government if his budget plan isn't supported.
Speaker: ken cuccinelli
About the speaker: Ken Cuccinelli became acting director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services on June 10, 2019. Cuccinelli, a Republican, was Virginia's attorney general from 2010 to 2014. In 2013, he lost the general election for governor to Democrat Terry McAuliffe. In 2016, he was a adisver to the presidential campaign of Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas.
Born in 1968, Cuccinelli has a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Virginia, a J.D. from Geroge Mason University School of Law and an M.A. in International Commerce and Policy from George Mason University.
He represented Fairfax County in the state senate from 2002 to 2010.
 
 
 
 
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Date: October 2, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: bipartisanship;medicaid;state budget
Context: radio ad
Fact-check justification: Cuccinelli says McAuliffe has threatened to shut down state government. He points to McAuliffe’s repeated promise not to sign a state budget that does not allow for Medicaid expansion. But McAuliffe’s vow, if carried out, would not close Virginia’s government. If a governor does not sign the budget, it automatically becomes law no more than 30 days after the General Assembly sent it to his desk. It’s striking that Cuccinelli, who has served almost four years as attorney general after an eight-year career in the state Senate, overlooked this constitutional provision. We rate his statement .
Statement: Over 200 of our 520 school districts did not have a single student in physics.
Speaker: eric greitens
About the speaker: Eric Greitens, a combat veteran who served in Afghanistan and Iraq, founded The Mission Continues, a Missouri-based non-profit that helps returning veterans. He won his race for Missouri governor as a Republican in 2016. He resigned on May 29, 2018 after he was charged with felony computer tampering and faced allegations related to an extramarital affair.
Date: January 17, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: education;science
Context: his state of the state address
Fact-check justification: Greitens said that over 200 of 520 school districts in Missouri didn’t have any students enrolled in physics. The data that Greitens used for his  contained  information and didn’t account for students enrolled in the Physics First course. Part of Greitens overall  was that the Missouri education system ranks nearly last in every category. But when it comes to physics, Missouri has an above-average enrollment rate. We rate this  as  .
Statement: The market is making this decision. The market has driven down the cost of coal, so you have companies going bankrupt.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: May 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: climate change;economy;energy;government regulation;regulation
Context: an interview with CNN's Anderson Cooper
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "The market is making this decision. The market has driven down the cost of coal, so you have companies going bankrupt." Economic forces on both the national and international markets are the main reason coal’s prominence in the American energy sector is now vulnerable, forcing coal-burning plant closures and several high-profile bankruptcies. For a long time, coal has been impervious to government regulation. But more recently, regulations — a non-economic force — might be the straw that breaks the camel’s back, especially going forward now that coal is on shaky ground. Clinton’s  is missing this important context, so we rate it .
Statement: Polls show that Floridians don't want to repeal the Affordable Care Act.
Speaker: joe gibbons
About the speaker: Joe Gibbons is a Democratic state representative serving District 105. He was first elected in 2006.
Date: May 4, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: health care;polls and public opinion
Context: comments on the House floor
Fact-check justification: He said: "Polls show: Floridians don't want to repeal the Affordable Care Act." On a completely literal hearing of his comments, we guess Gibbons is right -- some Floridians do not want a repeal. But really, the question is, where do most Floridians stand? We found two reputable recent polls from Quinnipiac University that both found -- though narrowly -- a plurality of Floridians support a repeal of the health care law. We rate this  .
Statement: Gov. Scott Walker and the Republican-controlled state legislature have added over $140 million in new special interest spending
Speaker: one wisconsin now
About the speaker: One Wisconsin Now is a liberal advocacy group that focuses on advancing "progressive leadership and values."
Date: January 28, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;small business;taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: But that’s not spending. You can’t spend what you don’t have. We rate the statement . Update: The day this PolitiFact item, One Wisconsin Now executive director Scot Ross modified the way he described the three tax break bills. Rather than calling them spending, he said in a news release issued by the liberal Citizen Action of Wisconsin that the bills are "deficit-hiking corporate giveaways."
Statement: We've got four Supreme Court justices who … signed their name to a declaration that Americans have no fundamental right to self-defense.
Speaker: ted nugent
About the speaker: Ted Nugent, who lives near Waco, performed after Gov. Rick Perry's 2007 inauguration. He is an ardent supporter of Second Amendment gun rights. In 2014, he stumped with Texan Greg Abbott for governor and chaired Republican Sid Miller's campaign for state agriculture commissioner.
Date: April 14, 2012
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;supreme court;guns
Context: a speech at the annual convention of the National Rifle Association
Fact-check justification: Nugent, an NRA board member for almost 20 years, told a crowd that, "We’ve got four Supreme Court justices who … signed their name to a declaration that Americans have no fundamental right to self-defense."  We find the phrase "a declaration" an exaggeration, along with the suggestion that all four justices are still on the court. But he’s correct that four justices signed on to dissenting opinions in District of Columbia vs. Heller that find some right to self-defense — but arguably not a fundamental right earning the Supreme Court’s highest level of protection. He used the right phrase. Still, "a declaration" and "four justices" make the statement just partially accurate. We rate it .