chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: California's budget surplus is about "$30 billion
Speaker: jerry brown
About the speaker: Jerry Brown is the governor of California. A Democrat, he earlier served as governor of California from 1975 to 1983.
Date: December 11, 2018
Location: california
Topics: state budget
Context: an NPR interview
Fact-check justification: Gov. Jerry Brown in claimed in an interview with NPR that California’s budget surplus is "closer to $30 billion." A report by the nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office projects the state will have $14.5 billion in its Rainy Day reserve fund by the end of the next fiscal year. That would be an increase over the $13.8 billion the state expects to have in that fund when the next fiscal year starts July 1, 2019. The report also estimates the Legislature will have $14.8 billion in discretionary funds during the same time period. Brown’s description of a surplus "closer to $30 billion" is generally correct, though he leaves out the fact that this is a projection. Government finance experts pointed out there are restrictions on the Rainy Day money, a fact Brown clarified in the interview. They also note that California’s surplus is expected to dwindle in coming years, with an economic slowdown predicted. We found Brown’s statement was accurate but needs a couple clarifications, most notably that the "$30 billion" figure is a projection, not a certainty. We rate Brown’s statement .   – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information.
Statement: Says the NBA is asking Donald Trump to "resign or we'll never play again.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 5, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a fake news article
Fact-check justification: In January, we investigated how a network of more than 100 hoax sites republished Blair’s articles to become a popular source of misinformation on Facebook, where users shared the stories as if they were . Just like those sites, NewYork One News is bogus. Public domain records indicate the site was registered in mid-February and uses Google AdSense to monetize its articles. The article is  and makes a  . We rate it !
Statement: Actor Steven Seagal spotted among Russian special forces in Ukraine
Speaker: joe rogan
About the speaker: Joe Rogan is the host of "The Joe Rogan Experience," a Spotify podcast. He is also a comedian and color commentator for UFC.
Date: February 28, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Rogan shared, then deleted, a screenshot of a  CNN story that said actor Steven Seagal was spotted among Russian special forces in Ukraine. CNN said the story was fabricated, and Rogan took down the post, saying that it was "parody" but that "it wouldn’t be surprising if it was  either." Alas, it was not . We rate this  .
Statement: Schoolchildren across the nation "will be forced to watch the president justify his plans for government-run health care, banks, and automobile companies, increasing taxes on those who create jobs, and racking up more debt than any other president.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: September 1, 2009
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Now it states, "Write letters to themselves about how they can achieve their short–term and long–term education goals. These would be collected and redistributed at an appropriate later date by the teacher to make students accountable to their goals." That change, however, does not alter our ruling. Based on the press release that the Republican Party of Florida used as a basis for this , there remains no  that Obama intends to discuss the controversial policy issues of health care, banking, the automotive industry, taxes or the national debt during his address to students. And so we still find the party's  to be .
Statement: Here in Wisconsin, prescription drug costs grew at a pace of nearly twice as much as the average Wisconsinite's income from 2015-2019.
Speaker: sarah godlewski
About the speaker: Treasurer Sarah Godlewski is Wisconsin’s thirty-sixth State Treasurer and serves as the state’s chief financial officer. Godlewski is a candidate for U.S. Senate.
 
Prior to serving, she was the co-founder of a multimillion dollar socially responsible investment firm called MaSa Partners that invests in early-stage businesses. The Treasurer was also a founding member of WE Capital Fund which empowers female entrepreneurs through financing opportunities. Her work has been nationally recognized for achieving positive impact without sacrificing sound financial returns. 
 
Beyond investing, Godlewski worked at the Pentagon for almost a decade where she helped save taxpayers tens of millions of dollars and worked to create a performance-based budget for local government. She is a big proponent of financial literacy and supported such initiatives as an adjunct professor. The Treasurer started her financial career supporting micro-lending initiatives in rural India where she saw firsthand how access to capital can positively transform entire communities. 
 
Godlewski dropped out of the Democratic U.S. Senate primary July 29, 2022, clearing the field of major contenders for the party's presumptive nominee, Lt. Gov. Mandela Barnes.
Date: February 18, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: drugs;economy;health care
Context: Campaign statement
Fact-check justification: Godlewski said "in Wisconsin, prescription drug costs grew at a pace of nearly twice as much as the average Wisconsinite's income from 2015-2019." The average annual cost of prescription drug treatment increased 26.3% in that time frame. The increase in income for all Wisconsin residents was actually 15.2%. The figure Godlewski was citing is for those age 50 and over, whose income increased 13.9%. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, our rating is .
Statement: 80% of women who have been jabbed have lost their children in the first trimester.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 21, 2021
Topics: public health;women;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A video of a public meeting shows a man claiming that "80% of women who have been jabbed have lost their children in the first trimester." The  is based on an erroneous interpretation of a research study.  Federal researchers have found no increased risk of miscarriage from receiving the COVID-19 vaccines. We rate the  .
Statement: Says he never voted for a "tax increase.
Speaker: mark neumann
About the speaker: Mark Neumann is a developer and home builder from Nashotah. He was a Republican candidate for U.S. Senate from Wisconsin in 2012. He ran for governor in 2010 and formerly represented southern Wisconsin in Congress.
Date: August 8, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: debt;deficit;taxes
Context: campaign website statements
Fact-check justification: But that’s not the statement we’re testing. The  was an absolute. Our rating Neumann said he never voted for a tax increase. But looking at just two of the major bills he supported, although they contained $370 billion in tax decreases, they also contained $130 billion in tax increases. We rate Neumann’s statement .
Statement: We are watching, you know, millions of illegal immigrants cross our borders, and many of them voting in the past election that's what, just a couple weeks ago.
Speaker: lou dobbs
About the speaker: Lou Dobbs is a television host on Fox Business Network. He was formerly the host of CNN’s ‘Lou Dobbs Tonight’.
Date: November 15, 2018
Topics: immigration;elections;punditfact
Context: on Fox Business Network
Fact-check justification: Many credible researchers have panned the study as methodologically unsound f or using an opt-in Internet poll originally designed to survey citizens and not considering possible survey response error. The federal government recently brought charges against 19 foreign nationals who voted in the 2016 election in North Carolina, where a total of more than 4.7 million votes were cast. Experts said the Department of Justice under President George W. Bush, and Republican and Democratic election officials have investigated voter fraud extensively and found it is extremely rare. President Trump’s short-lived voter fraud commission couldn’t find any  of widespread fraud before being disbanded. As for Dobbs’ , we rate it .
Statement: Scientists are "questioning the original idea that man-made global warming is what is causing the climate to change. … (It is) more and more being put into question.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: August 17, 2011
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;energy
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Perry's remarks give the impression that the science of global warming is in dispute, that some scientists feel one way, and some scientists feel another way. He says that skepticism is growing. In fact, our research shows that's not the case. We found that there is solid consensus among the major scientific organizations and that the skeptics seems to be small minority. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney has said different things about whether global warming is caused by humans
Speaker: democratic national committee
About the speaker: The Democratic National Committee is the national organization of Democrats.
Date: November 28, 2011
Location: national
Topics: environment;cap and trade;climate change;energy;message machine 2012
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: In June 2011, Romney said he believed "the world is getting warmer" and that "humans contribute to that." In October 2011, Romney said that "we don’t know what’s causing climate change on this planet." Interestingly, in spite of his comments on the causes of climate change, Romney outlined the same set of energy policies: in favor of more natural gas and nuclear power; against foreign oil; for the continued use of domestic oil; against a cap-and-trade plan. Because he didn’t articulate any change of policy, we find Romney’s comments on the causes of climate change perplexing, and we would be interested in hearing him answer pointed questions on the matter. His spokeswoman says the two statements are consistent. But the videos clearly shows that he said different things on the causes of climate change to different audiences, and we believe Romney is savvy enough to know the difference between suggesting a human role in climate change and leaving it out. We rate the DNC’s statement .
Statement: South Florida ranks No. 1 in the gap between wages and housing.
Speaker: habitat for humanity of broward
About the speaker: Habitat for Humanity of Broward helps low-income families obtain housing.
Date: March 16, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: housing;income;poverty
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Habitat for Humanity says, "South Florida ranks No. 1 in the gap between wages and housing." Studies have repeatedly shown that South Florida tops the list in the gap between wages and housing. Although there are other metro areas with similarly expensive housing, wages lag behind in South Florida. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney flip-flopped on gun control.
Speaker: jon huntsman
About the speaker: Jon Huntsman was the governor of Utah from 2005 to 2009. He served as ambassador to China from 2009 to 2011. He is a Republican candidate for president in 2012. 
Date: October 28, 2011
Location: national
Topics: message machine 2012;guns
Context: a web advertisement
Fact-check justification: The  largely supports the contention that Romney has flip-flopped on gun rights, particularly in his tone. Romney’s message during the 1994 and 2002 campaigns was that he was a strong supporter of gun control measures, while in the 2008 president campaign, he played up his pro-Second Amendment credentials and actively sought support from the National Rifle Association and other gun-owner groups. Substantively, the gap -- at least as of the 2008 campaign -- was somewhat narrower. He’s been vague about specific legislation he’d support, and in the interview with Schieffer, Romney acknowledged that "I support Second Amendment rights, but I don't line up 100 percent with the NRA. They take some positions that are different than mine." Still, between his early campaigns and his 2008 presidential run, Romney does appear to have shifted his views. On balance, we rate Huntsman’s  .
Statement: America came along as the first country to end (slavery) within 150 years.
Speaker: katie pavlich
About the speaker: Katie Pavlich is a conservative journalist for Townhall.com and a Fox News contributor.
Date: March 19, 2019
Topics: history;punditfact
Context: a panel discussion
Fact-check justification: Pavlich said, "America came along as the first country to end (slavery) within 150 years." The United States was not the first country to end slavery in terms of calendar year, and at least a dozen countries outlawed the practice earlier in their nation’s history than the United States did. We rate this .
Statement: If COVID-19 was real, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge wouldn't have been "allowed to join 50,000 other football fans inside a stadium.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 6, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claims COVID-19 is a hoax and points to the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge attending a Euro 2020 match at Wembley Stadium as , saying if the pandemic was real they wouldn’t have attended the game. The threat of COVID-19 in the U.K. remains very real. The United Kingdom is in the middle of a surge of the virus, with more one out of 160 people testing positive. More than 5 million people have tested positive for COVID-19 throughout the pandemic and more than 128,000 people have died as a result. Wembley Stadium has capacity limits for attending Euro 2020 matches and requires attendees to wear masks when entering the stadium and in any indoor areas outside of their seats. Guests are also required to show proof they’ve been fully vaccinated or have had a negative rapid COVID-19 test 48 hours prior to a match. Both the Duke and Duchess have also received their first doses of the COVID-19 vaccine in May. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Joe Biden "will destroy your protections for pre-existing conditions.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 10, 2020
Topics: health care
Context: Michigan
Fact-check justification: There is no basis for this . Biden wants to protect the Affordable Care Act, which created protections for people with pre-existing conditions. Trump and Republicans for years have tried to get rid of the health care law, without an alternative that would maintain the same protections for people with pre-existing conditions. Trump’s  is  and . We rate it !
Statement: Says a bill requiring ultrasounds before abortions "was supported by Republicans and Democrats.
Speaker: bob mcdonnell
About the speaker: Bob McDonnell is the Republican governor of Virginia until January 2014. McDonnell was elected over Democratic state Sen. Creigh Deeds.
McDonnell previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1992 to 2006 and as state Attorney General from 2006 to 2009.
McDonnell graduated from the University of Nortre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind., with a bachelor's degree in 1976. He then served in the U.S. Army on active duty from 1976 to 1981 and in the reserves until 1997, retiring as a lieutenant colenel. He received a master's degree in business adminsitration from Boston University in 1980 and a master's and law degree from Regent University, Virginia Beach, in 1989.
Date: April 11, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: McDonnell said the bill requiring an ultrasound before an abortion was approved with bipartisan support. It’s  that the measure would not have passed the Senate without one of the two Democratic votes it received to complement near unanimous Republican support. But we have to consider the context of the governor’s statement; it came in response to a question about whether the abortion bill is contributing to some dissatisfaction with the GOP among independent women voters. It’s a stretch to tell a national TV audience that the legislation had bipartisan backing when, in fact, 49 of 52 Democrats in the General Assembly voted against it. The governor’s statement, while technically accurate, leaves a faulty impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says 99% of COVID-19 cases "are totally harmless.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 4, 2020
Location: national
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a Fourth of July speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said that 99% of all COVID-19 cases are totally harmless. The White House provided no supporting data. Looking at the worst possible outcome, the government’s numbers show a cumulative death rate of 4.5%, although the actual fatality rate could end up lower once we learn more about the disease  The rate at which new cases lead to hospitalizations has fallen, but it still remains at 4%. And public health researchers note that more and more, there are reports that even people with mild cases are hit with medical problems after they’ve recovered. There’s a lot more to be learned about this disease, but nothing says that it’s harmless for 99% of the people it touches. We rate this  .
Statement: I am still waiting for someone to produce pieces of the alleged plane" that caused the Twin Towers to collapse.
Speaker: lawana mayfield
About the speaker: LaWana Mayfield a member of the Charlotte City Council.
Date: April 16, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: homeland security;terrorism
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Mayfield described the planes that hit the World Trade Center on 9/11 as "alleged" planes and said pieces of the planes had yet to be revealed to the public. Eyewitness accounts, video, plane debris and most credible science points to the fact that airplanes struck the Twin Towers on Sept. 11, 2001, causing them to collapse. We rate Mayfield’s  .
Statement: Colloidal silver is "harmless" unless you're allergic to it.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 19, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Though topical silver is sometimes used on skin to treat burns or to prevent conjunctivitis in newborns, "silver has no known function or benefits when taken by mouth," the agency said, and "there are no legally marketed prescription or over-the-counter drugs containing colloidal silver that are taken by mouth. "  Other health care groups have issued similar warnings about colloidal silver. Early in the pandemic, PolitiFact debunked claims that colloidal silver was an effective COVID-19 cure. Claims that colloidal silver is harmless are also .   We rate this  .
Statement: America is No. 1 one in oil and gas.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 20, 2015
Location: national
Topics: energy;gas prices
Context: his 2015 State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: Obama said "America is No. 1 one in oil and gas " The latest global oil and natural gas production statistics back up Obama’s . The United States has been the world’s largest oil producer since 2012, and the largest natural gas producer for years. We rate his statement .
Statement: Every year there is a slightly smaller percentage of American households owning guns.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: February 24, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: guns
Context: a campaign rally
Fact-check justification: Bill Clinton says "every year there is a slightly smaller percentage of American households owning guns." Although polls on gun-owning households are erratic, you can make a plausible argument they show a long-range downward trend. Clinton cites a series of surveys by the University of Chicago that show a drop of 19 percentage points since the early 1970s. Another set of polls by Gallup show the five-decade drop is 2 percentage points. A third series of polls by Pew shows a decrease of 12 percentage points since 1993. But much of the downward movement occurred in the 1990s, and Clinton goes overboard by saying the percentage is going down "every year." All three surveys show the yearly percentages have been fluctuating in recent years and that, since 2000 , the drop is about 1 or 2 percentage points. We rate Clinton’s statement .
Statement: Sen. McCain was already turning his sights to Iraq just days after 9/11, and he became a leading supporter of an invasion and occupation of (Iraq).
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 19, 2008
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: Orlando, Fla
Fact-check justification: "Saddam Hussein has the ability to make a far worse day of infamy by turning Iraq into a weapons assembly line for al-Qaida's network. ... Saddam is an international felon who has repeatedly violated the terms of his parole and is planning further crimes with his terrorist accomplices. He must be brought to justice once and for all." The record clearly supports the contention that McCain "was already turning his sights to Iraq just days after 9/11" — indeed he singled out Iraq on Letterman — and became a "leading supporter" of the war, as Obama said. We find his  to be .