chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: We've got to find 2 billion gallons (of water per day) between now and 2025.
Speaker: adam putnam
About the speaker: Adam Putnam lost the Republican primary for Florida governor to U.S. Rep. Ron DeSantis in 2018. A former Republican Congressman from Congressional District 12 in Central Florida, was elected Florida Commissioner of Agriculture on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014.
Date: September 9, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: environment;infrastructure
Context: an interview with the St. Petersburg Times editorial board
Fact-check justification: In reality, the state already has projects on the book that get the state a portion of the way there. Yet, Florida has a ways to go. Putnam is right, based on the latest estimates Florida will use about 2 billion more gallons of water a day in 2025 than the state did in 2005. But the state and the five state water management districts have started planning for it, and already have identified water construction projects that will help meet some of the increasing demand. We rate Putnam's statement .
Statement: Says a prank phone call caused "400 children to be taken from their parents... without warrant.
Speaker: debra medina
About the speaker: Debra Medina, a Wharton businesswoman, sought the 2010 GOP nomination for governor.
Date: January 27, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: civil rights
Context: an e-mail
Fact-check justification: And the detention of the children happened after state authorities were called by the shelter that fielded a call from Colorado that may have been a hoax — though no authority has proved the call was a prank. Significantly, the removal of children didn’t solely occur because of the call, as Crimmins said. The children were taken temporarily based on what investigators saw upon the raid. Therefore, Medina's additional  that the children were removed "without warrant" isn't supported. We rate Medina's  .
Statement: Says Ohio budget item later signed into law by Gov. John Kasich requires women seeking an abortion to undergo a  "mandatory vaginal probe.
Speaker: rachel maddow
About the speaker: Rachel Maddow is the host of MSNBC’s “The Rachel Maddow Show”. She formerly hosted a radio program of the same name on the defunct Air America network.
Date: June 28, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: abortion;pundits;women
Context: On “The Rachel Maddow Show,” broadcast on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: And with Kasich up for re-election next year, it’s no surprise that Democrats are eager for a debate that draws contrasts with the governor.      But there should be no debate about what types of ultrasounds these new regulations require. Had Maddow read the language closely, she would have seen a mandate -- for external detection methods. That puts Maddow’s "vaginal probe"  about as far as can be from the , into the realm of the .    Or, in -O-Meter terms: !
Statement: Says Bruce Lee said, "You will continue to suffer if you have an emotional reaction to everything that is said to you. True power is sitting back and observing everything with logic. If words control you that means everyone else can control you. Breathe and allow things to pass.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 26, 2019
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But it’s also been wrongly attributed to Warren Buffet and " anonymous . "   AFP Fact Check, which looked into the quote , quotes Sydnie Wilson, licensing director for the Bruce Lee Foundation, as saying: "I do not have proof to provide that Bruce Lee said this himself." Searching for the statement online, we couldn’t find a credible source confirming that Lee, who died in 1973, said it, though a 2018 Inc story compares Buffett and Lee and promises adopting their habits will "make you a high performer." If a legitimate citation for this quote comes to light, we’ll reconsider our ruling on whether Lee deserves credit. For now, we rate this Facebook post .
Statement: CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky said she gets COVID-19 reports from CNN.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 5, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post alleges that the CDC director said she gets her updates about COVID-19 from CNN. The  is  because Walensky was referring to the initial news that Pfizer-BioNTech’s COVID-19 vaccine proved 95% effective after a phase 3 study. That news came on Nov. 18, 2020, two months before she started the CDC job. Now, as CDC director, she has access to information from those who report to her. We rate claims that say otherwise .
Statement: Since 1978, California has spent $5 billion to put 13 people to death.
Speaker: tom steyer
About the speaker: Tom Steyer is a former hedge fund manager and environmental advocate who lives in San Francisco. In July 2019, he announced he's running for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination. 
Date: September 14, 2016
Location: california
Topics: criminal justice;death penalty;crime
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Tom Steyer said recently: "Since 1978, California has spent $5 billion to put 13 people to death." But that cost has been spread over hundreds of cases since 1978, not just the 13 that led to executions. California currently has more than 700 inmates on death row. Prosecuting and housing each costs the state significantly year after year. Steyer’s  might have been correct if he had said taxpayers have spent $5 billion on a system that’s resulted in 13 executions. Instead, his words leave the impression California paid the entire $5 billion for a fraction of its hundreds of cases. We rate Steyer's  .    – The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/bc51bc76-832d-4387-956d-fa0a87051f25
Statement: The First Amendment's the First Amendment. It goes start to finish. We can't say to one football coach you're fired if you kneel in silent prayer at the end of the game, but to a player, if you kneel in protest to a game, you're celebrated.
Speaker: james lankford
About the speaker: James Lankford, a Republican, is a U.S. Senator from Oklahoma. Previously, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives. Prior to joining the House, he served as director of student ministry at the Baptist Convention of Oklahoma and as director of the Falls Creek Youth Camp.
Date: September 25, 2017
Location: national
Topics: religion;sports
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: We can’t say to one football coach you’re fired if you kneel in silent prayer at the end of the game, but to a player, if you kneel in protest to a game, you’re celebrated." His complaint of the First Amendment’s double standard is  because the First Amendment only applies to government action, or the public high school football coach. The First Amendment doesn’t protect NFL players’ speech, which is under the purview of their employer. Additionally, the football coach Lankford discussed wasn’t fired; he failed to reapply once his contract ended. We rate this statement .
Statement: The salaries of Wisconsin's best-educated public school teachers were "slashed" by Gov. Scott Walker through a recent administrative rule change.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: April 26, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;labor;state budget
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: Eventually, the employment relations commission or a court will likely have to settle that issue, which also affects technical college teachers. Our conclusion A chain email says an administrative rule modified by Gov. Scott Walker amounted to him slashing teacher salaries. We can’t predict the future, so there is no way to know how individual districts will approach teacher pay in the years ahead under this rule and Act 10. But it’s clear that the rule Walker reshaped does not give him authority over base pay, and does not mandate pay cuts for teachers. We rate that  .
Statement: At Lions Gate Hospital in Vancouver, "13 babies were reportedly stillborn at the hospital in a period of 24 hours. All of their mothers had received a COVID-19 injection.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 30, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: All of their mothers had received a COVID-19 injection." There was not a surge of stillbirths at Lions Gate Hospital. Vancouver Coastal Health, which operates Lions Gate and six other hospitals, said the information is . The company saw only four stillbirths reported among its seven facilities between April and August 2021. We rate this  .
Statement: Mitt Romney is "tearing down his 3,000-square-foot house to build an 11,000-square-foot house.
Speaker: winning our future
About the speaker: Winning Our Future is a Super PAC supporting Newt Gingrich for president in 2012.
Date: January 12, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;message machine 2012
Context: the video "When Mitt Romney Came to Town"
Fact-check justification: The video used a reasonable figure for dimensions of the "teardown" project -- even though the Romney campaign calls it a doubling of living space, the official application uses numbers that would amount to a quadrupling. But the video implied that the project is under way when in fact it’s not imminent. On balance, we rate the statement .
Statement: In my first year in office, Aurora homicides went down by 40%.
Speaker: richard irvin
About the speaker: Aurora Mayor Richard Irvin took office in May 2017. He jumped into the GOP primary for Illinois governor in January 2022 and is campaiging with State Rep. Avery Bourne, R-Farmersville. 
Date: February 20, 2022
Location: illinois
Topics: crime
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Irvin claimed that he reduced the number of homicides by 40% during his first year as Aurora mayor.  There is only an element of  in this : Homicides in Aurora dropped from six to four during Irvin’s first year as mayor. Experts say using percentages to describe the small fluctuations in the city’s homicide stats is , and there is no proven connection to Irvin’s policies. We rate this  .    – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.
Statement: Says Gov. Mike Pence and Rep. Mike Coffman "take the same positions on a number of things ... Coffman and Pence oppose equal rights for LGBT Americans.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: July 20, 2016
Location: colorado
Topics: lgbtq
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: A DCCC news release said, "Coffman and Pence oppose equal rights for LGBT Americans." The release stated that Coffman and Pence "take the same positions on a number of things," including on gay rights. DCCC and other critics have a point in saying Coffman opposed same-sex marriage, repealing the military’s "Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell" policy and he supported the Defense of Marriage Act.    But he has backed legislation to protect gay Americans from discrimination in the workplace, in securing credit, in federal transportation and housing programs and in military benefits. Advocacy groups have praised Coffman’s support on some protections and said he is not as steadfast an opponent as Pence. We found several examples where the pair do not align. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/fb91919a-bd52-46a0-af26-f910a8c191f8
Statement: Abortion coverage is a standard insurance benefit "in nearly 90 percent of private plans sold in the U.S.
Speaker: naral pro-choice virginia
About the speaker: NARAL Pro-Choice Virginia is an abortion-rights advocacy group. It is the state chapter of NARAL Pro-Choice America.
Date: March 26, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion;health care
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: NARAL said McDonnell’s amendment banning an upcoming health care exchange from offering insurance plans that include abortion denies Virginians "coverage that currently exists as a standard benefit in nearly 90 percent of private plans sold in the U.S." NARAL bases its  on a 9-year-old study by the Guttmacher Institute that found 87 percent of typical of typical employer-based insurance policies covered "medically necessary or appropriate abortions." Contrary to NARAL’s contention, the findings do not reflect coverage "that currently exists." The research focused on policies that were offered in 2002. Guttmacher never updated its report. The only other major research on abortion coverage was conducted by Kaiser in early 2003 and produced a different result. It found that 46 percent of workers with employer-based insurance had coverage for abortions. Experts have struggled to reconcile the two numbers. Guttmacher, in 2011, said that the "actual level of coverage is probably somewhere between" its estimate and that of Kaiser. So NARAL is citing as gospel an old figure that even its authors undercut. We rate its  .
Statement: Michelle Nunn has praised the Occupy movement.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: June 17, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: occupy wall street
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Its argument is based on an op-ed she wrote in 2011. The op-ed referenced Occupy a couple of times, but Nunn supporters say the intent of the article was to talk about young people and their role in the marketplace. The bulk of the op-ed was about millennials. The  has an element of  but ignores critical factors that give a different impression. We rate this  .
Statement: Over 3 million Americans are employed in the growing green-collar workforce," which is more than the number "of people working in the fossil fuel industry.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: January 22, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment;economy;energy;jobs;transportation
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Our rating  Baldwin said: "Over 3 million Americans are employed in the growing green-collar workforce," which is more than the number "of people working in the fossil fuel industry." The latest estimates are for 2011. The federal government says there were 3.4 million green jobs, while a national oil and gas trade group says there were 2.59 million oil and gas jobs. We rate Baldwin’s statement . Follow us on Twitter and Facebook .
Statement: Says Stephen F. Austin and James Bowie promoted slavery.
Speaker: ann teich
About the speaker: Ann Teich, initially elected to Austin's school board in 2012 and re-elected in 2012, represents District 3.
Date: February 26, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: education;history
Context: a meeting of the Austin school board
Fact-check justification: Teich told board colleagues that Austin and Bowie, key figures in the founding of Anglo Texas, each promoted slavery. Austin and Bowie each owned slaves. Austin believed his colony’s success required slaves and also that Texas should join the U.S. as a slave state. Bowie and two brothers earlier traded in slaves. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for  more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Bill McCollum "served as a lobbyist whose clients enabled mortgages for illegal immigrants.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: June 16, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: McCollum lobbied for Citigroup in 2002. That company started accepting the Mexican consular ID in 2002, but news articles didn't start mentioning Citi providing mortgages to customers with the ITIN identification until 2004. He lobbied for AmeriDream in 2002 and 2003, and AmeriDream didn't announce it would start accepting ITINs until 2005. There are numerous reports in the past decade that illegal immigrants have been able to obtain mortgages through the consular cards or ITINs, but there are no specific examples we could find or Scott could provide that McCollum's three clients did so when he was their lobbyist. We rate this  .
Statement: On attacks by Republicans that various programs in the economic stimulus plan are not stimulative, "If you add all that stuff up, it accounts for less than 1 percent of the overall package.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 3, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus
Context: interview with CBS News
Fact-check justification: Obama's point is that some perspective is in order, that legislators are quibbling over a relatively small portion of the spending. And yes, if he's talking about some of the most publicized projects, he's right. But we think that it's  to dismiss all of the complaints as less than 1 percent. In fact, many Republicans have said large percentages of the stimulus plan would not stimulate the economy and would waste taxpayer money. And so we rate Obama's statement .
Statement: Less than half" of jobs at the Carrier manufacturing plant in Indiana "are actually staying.
Speaker: heather mcghee
About the speaker: Heather C. McGhee is president of Demos, a group that believes too much political and economic power lies in the hands of too few people
Date: December 4, 2016
Topics: jobs;punditfact
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: McGhee said that less than half of the jobs from the Carrier deal actually stayed in the United States.   If you just count the number of jobs at the Carrier plant, which is what Trump promised to save and what McGhee referenced on the show, then her  is not accurate. In fact, more than half of the jobs will stay in the United States because the deal is keeping approximately 800 jobs out of 1,400 at the Carrier plant. However, her statement is correct when applied more broadly to include jobs that will be lost from the United Technologies' factory closure in Huntington, as well as the hundreds of jobs not saved in the Carrier deal.  McGhee’s statement is partially accurate but needs clarification, so we rate the  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/228c9aa4-bea8-420d-b946-dd81fe8327f9
Statement: The U.S. Postal Service doesn't run on your tax dollars. It's funded solely by stamps and postage.
Speaker: american postal workers union
About the speaker: The APWU says it is the world's largest postal union, representing more than 220,000 U.S. Postal Service employees and retirees, and nearly 2,000 private-sector mail workers.
Date: July 8, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: debt;federal budget
Context: television advertisement
Fact-check justification: To sum up, the American Postal Workers Union claimed in its television ad that the U.S. Postal Service doesn’t operate on taxpayer dollars and and it’s solely funded by stamps and postage. The Postal Service has borrowed money from the government in recent years, primarily it says, to cover the cost to pre-fund employee health benefits. The first part of the statement is on target. The second part, however, gets a return to sender. We rate this  .
Statement: We built a new prison every 10 days between 1990 and 2005 to keep up with our mass incarceration explosion of nonviolent offenders.
Speaker: cory booker
About the speaker: Cory Booker is a senator from New Jersey. He was first elected to the Senate in 2013, making him the first African-American senator from New Jersey and the first African-American elected to the Senate since Barack Obama in 2004. Booker served as mayor of Newark from 2006 until 2013. He has a bachelor's degree in political science and a master’s degree in sociology from Stanford University, an honors degree in United States history from The Queens College as a Rhodes Scholar and a J.D. from Yale Law School. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and suspended his campaign in January 2020.
Date: July 27, 2015
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a post on Instagram
Fact-check justification: Booker said, "We built a new prison every 10 days between 1990 and 2005 to keep up with our mass incarceration explosion of nonviolent offenders." Booker is right that a new prison was built every 10 days during that period. But while there was a significant rise in the incarceration rate of nonviolent offenders, it took place over a longer time period than the post indicates -- between 1980 and 2013. On balance, we rate his  .
Statement: Says NRA head Wayne LaPierre said, "We believe in absolutely gun-free, zero-tolerance, totally safe schools. That means no guns in America's schools. Period.
Speaker: everytown for gun safety
About the speaker: Everytown for Gun Safety is an advocacy group that seeks to prevent gun violence.
Date: February 22, 2018
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Everytown for Gun Safety tweeted the reminder that nearly two decades ago, LaPierre said, "We believe in absolutely gun-free, zero-tolerance, totally safe schools. That means no guns in America’s schools. Period." The quotation is accurate, but it takes LaPierre’s words out of context. His full message was that adults should keep weapons out of the hands of minors and that schools and localities should act swiftly to punish any student caught bringing a firearm to school. In 1999, LaPierre also left open the door for armed security on school grounds, but that was not the focus of the policy debate at the time. That option has since risen on the NRA’s agenda. The Everytown tweet has a measure of , but it leaves out important context that changes the meaning behind LaPierre’s words. We rate this  .