chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Josh Mandel used to be pro-choice, now he's anti-choice. He used to be sympathetic towards gay and lesbians and now he's [not].
Speaker: ted strickland
About the speaker: Ted Strickland was governor of Ohio from 2007 through 2010. He lost his bid for re-election in 2010 to Republican John Kasich.
Date: July 26, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: abortion;lgbtq
Context: an interview with Politico
Fact-check justification: Strickland claimed Mandel reversed his stances on two social issues – abortion and gay rights. On the latter, Mandel’s legislative voting record and recent statements do not match up with his position in college, and the treasurer now says he was  in college. Mandel said he’s always held the same view on abortion rights, and Strickland cannot prove otherwise. So we have to conclude Strickland was  there. On the -O-Meter, that two-part statement rates a .
Statement: Thomas Jefferson said, "That government is best which governs the least, because its people discipline themselves.
Speaker: jody hice
About the speaker: Jody Hice won the race for the 10th Congressional District in Georgia in 2014 and was subsequently re-elected. Hice is running in the Republican primary for Georgia Secretary of State in 2022. Hice served as pastor for almost 25 years, and launched the Jody Hice Show, a conservative talk radio program. 
Date: January 24, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Coates argues the quote does not represent Jefferson because of its vague, abstract use of "best" and "least." One thing that is clear, is that there is no verifiable  that Thomas Jefferson ever said or wrote the sentiment. Correcting the record would surely square with Jefferson, who once said, "If we are to guard against ignorance and remain free, it is the responsibility of every American to be informed." OK, he didn’t say that , either. Thanks to Berkes’ carefully footnoted research, we can rate both our  and that from Hice as .
Statement: Photo shows Raz Simone, "the alleged leader of CHAZ crying after Seattle police arrested him.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 5, 2020
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The result was an "experiment in police-free governance," in The New Yorker’s words , that drew criticism from conservatives and President Donald Trump. It was ultimately cleared by police .   Simone was a regular figure at CHOP, leading protesters in marches and speaking to the media. But we found no news reports that he has been arrested.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Obama Declares November National Muslim Appreciation Month.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 27, 2013
Location: national
Topics: islam;religion
Context: blog posts
Fact-check justification: Bloggers posted a  that the president had declared November "National Muslim Appreciation Month." He hasn’t — the  was based on a piece of Internet satire. We rate the  .
Statement: The Obama administration has spent millions of taxpayer dollars for roadside signs to tout the economic stimulus.
Speaker: robert bennett
About the speaker: Robert Bennett is a Republican senator from Utah.
Date: July 15, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus;transportation
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The first part of his statement is a stretch because the federal government doesn't actually mandate the signs and some states have opted out. But it's clear the feds are encouraging the signs. The second part of his statement appears to be just in the ballpark based on an average cost of $1,000, but it's an exaggeration if the cost is lower. Add it up and we've got a .
Statement: In fiscal year 2011-2012, 4,191 abortions were paid for by taxpayers via the Oregon Health Plan.
Speaker: oregon 2014
About the speaker: Oregon 2014 is the name of a group trying to qualify a measure on the 2014 ballot that would prohibit the use of state taxes for elective abortions.
Date: September 17, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: abortion;taxes
Context: online campaign materials
Fact-check justification: Oregon is among a minority of states that allow using state taxpayer money for elective abortions. Petitioners hope to change that by adding these words to the Constitution: "No public funds shall be used to pay for any abortion, except when medically necessary or as may be required by federal law." We may see this measure on the 2014 ballot; we may not. But it is accurate to say that state taxpayer money paid for about 4,000 abortions in the most recent year available. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Sens. Lisa Murkowski, Susan Collins and Mitt Romney "are pro-pedophile.
Speaker: marjorie taylor greene
About the speaker: Marjorie Taylor Greene is a Republican representative from Georgia.
Date: April 4, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: children;congress;legal issues;supreme court
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Greene said Murkowski, Collins and Romney are pro-pedophile. All three lawmakers have clear track records of moving against child exploitation, whether online or in person. Greene’s  is beyond preposterous. It’s !
Statement: Says Dan McCready "believes in open borders and sanctuary cities.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 27, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: immigration
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: And, while McCready opposes a bill requiring sheriffs to comply with ICE, he hasn’t said he believes sheriffs should be prohibited from working with ICE. We rate this  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] .
Statement: Says a U.S. Supreme Court justice suggested that some U.S. cases will be decided based on South African law.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: February 9, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: legal issues;supreme court
Context: a speech at the CPAC conference
Fact-check justification: Rubio mentioned a female Supreme Court Judge and then concluded, "if you are an appellate lawyer you need to brush up on your South African law because that is how some cases apparently are going to be decided here going forward." Rubio was implying that Justice Ginsburg favored South African law rather than the U.S. Constitution, and that some cases in the U.S. might be decided based on South African law. Rubio’s spokesman says he was joking, but even a joke can leave some viewers with a  impression. Rubio could have poked fun at Ginsburg’s comments without distorting them. There is nothing in Ginsburg’s interview in which she suggested that any legal matter in the U.S. should be decided based on anything from South African law. Ginsburg was giving advice to another country on how to draft a constitution, and she suggested examples written more recently than the U.S. Constitution. She didn’t dis the U.S. Constitution -- she explained that it was written at a time when slavery was legal and women didn’t have equal rights. In fact, Ginsburg also heaped lots of praise on the U.S. Constitution. We rate this  .
Statement: Over the last several years, 40 percent (of) the jobs created in Texas were created for illegal aliens.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 18, 2011
Location: national
Topics: immigration;economy;jobs
Context: Las Vegas
Fact-check justification: In the debate, Romney cited the report’s headline figure pretty accurately. But he failed to note, first, that it was an estimate subject to significant uncertainty, and second, that the report itself included an alternative -- and arguably more accurate -- measurement that produced a significantly lower figure. That said, the lower figure, even when adjusted for uncertainty, still backs up Romney’s underlying point that illegal immigrants have gained a disproportionate share of new jobs in Texas. It’s just that the number probably isn’t as high as Romney said in the debate. So we rate the statement .
Statement: Republican candidate for Georgia governor "dabbled" in birther conspiracy theories.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 11, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: obama birth certificate
Context: liberal blogs
Fact-check justification: But when he sent the letter, he lent birthers a credence that others would not. Birther claims were discredited by 2008. Deal still treated their claims as if they had substance in 2010. Yes, Deal dabbled in birther conspiracies. We rule this  .
Statement: In Chicago, Covid-19 actually LOWERED the death rate.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 22, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: crime;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post shared by more than 2,000 people claimed that in Chicago, COVID-19 has lowered the death rate. But numbers from the Cook County Medical Examiner do not indicate that deaths in Chicago decreased in March as COVID-19 started to ravage Illinois. In fact, the data suggest the opposite — more deaths, despite a decrease in murders reported by Chicago police. We rate the  .
Statement: The Parole Board operates with Mark Herring's advice and consent.
Speaker: jason miyares
About the speaker: Del. Jason Miyares is the 2021 Republican nominee for Virginia attorney general. A Virginia Beach resident, he became the first Cuban-American elected to the General Assembly in 2015. He is a lawyer and former prosecutor.
Miyares grew up in Virginia Beach. He's a graduate of James Madison University and the College of William & Mary School of Law.   
Date: September 2, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: criminal justice;public safety
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: "Advice and consent" means shared power for decisions. In Virginia, the attorney general represents the parole board but has no authority over its decisions. Herring says his office was not involved in the parole decisions, and Miyares offers no  to the contrary. He  defends his statement by questioning Herring’s actions - and lack of actions - after parole was granted. We rate Miyares’ statement .
Statement: During the Civil War, more than 300,000 Ohioans served in the Union Army -- more per capita than any other state.
Speaker: keith faber
About the speaker: State Rep. Keith Faber is running for state auditor in 2018. His hometown is Celina, in western Ohio.
Date: May 21, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: history
Context: remarks at a General Assembly session
Fact-check justification: Ohio men fought in every major battle of the war." In all, almost 3 million men served in the Union army during what remains the bloodiest military conflict in American history, according to the U.S. Army Center of Military History . Nearly 360,000 federal troops were killed during the war. About 160,000 Confederate soldiers perished. PolitiFact Ohio checked the historical society’s Civil War pages and found other notable points from Ohio’s role in the Civil War:
Statement: Millions of Hubbell and Bloomberg dollars wasn't enough to overcome the Iowa House Republican avalanche of success.
Speaker: iowa republican party
About the speaker: The Iowa Republican Party represents Republicans in Iowa.
Date: November 27, 2020
Location: iowa
Topics: campaign finance;elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The  that Michael Bloomberg spent substantially in this year’s Iowa legislative races is . He did not donate directly to any legislative candidates in 2020. He donated to political organizations that, in turn, donated to other political organizations that sent money to Iowa candidates, but others also contributed to those organizations to support Democrats in several states. Saying Bloomberg donated to the organizations to pump thousands of his dollars to Iowa would distort how that funding is distributed. Hubbell, on the other hand, donated to Iowa legislative candidates, both personally and through the Better Democracy PAC. While the motivation behind Hubbell’s spending is unclear, it’s  that several of the candidates Hubbell supported were defeated handily by Republicans, a point Kaufmann can make in his argument about Hubbell. However, other Democratic legislative candidates Hubbell supported financially won or lost by just a few hundred votes, indicating some of those races were competitive. We’re splitting the difference here with the claims about Bloomberg’s spending  and Hubbell’s spending , for a rating for the tweet of .
Statement: Says North Carolina is "home of the largest military installations in the world.
Speaker: north carolina republican party
About the speaker: The N.C. GOP is a political party in North Carolina
Date: July 19, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: homeland security;military;patriotism;states
Context: a roll call at the Republican National Convention
Fact-check justification: The N.C. GOP introduced itself at the Republican National Convention as hailing from the state with "the largest military installations in the world." North Carolina does have Fort Bragg, which has more active-duty troops than any base in the Army – or any other branch of the military, for that matter. Camp Lejeune is also large, although it’s not the biggest Marine Corps base anymore. In terms of physical size, none of the state’s bases are even close to the biggest. And its Air Force and Navy bases don’t stack up in any category of largeness. A little bit of bluster is to be expected during roll call statements, which are often filled with local pride. But North Carolina’s, while exaggerated, has definite merit – due in large part to Fort Bragg. We rate this  .
Statement: Over the past five years the federal government has paid out $601 million in retirement and disability benefits to deceased former federal employees.
Speaker: brendan doherty
About the speaker: Brendan Doherty, former head of the Rhode Island State Police, ran an unsuccessful campaign for Congress in 2012 in Rhode Island's 1st District as a Republican.
Date: May 15, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: federal budget;pensions;retirement
Context: a campaign website
Fact-check justification: We rate his statement . Rhode Island’s former top cop is setting his bar of expectation pretty high if he’s promising to curb this kind of  "rampant fraud and waste." We’ll be watching. Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.
Statement: Says we could have saved ourselves the cost of building the Powell Butte water reservoir.
Speaker: eileen brady
About the speaker: Eileen Brady is running for Portland mayor 2012.
Date: April 30, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: city government;government regulation;message machine 2012;regulation;water
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Brady claims we could have saved ourselves the trouble. Maybe we could have, but that April 1, 2009, deadline was set in rule. Our federal delegation was getting nowhere with D.C. until Schumer complained. Her statement is wishful. We rate the statement .
Statement: House Democrats strike to implement Sharia law!!
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 12, 2016
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Bloggers said, "House Democrats strike to implement Sharia law!!" There was no kind of strike. Instead, the stories referred to a non-binding resolution introduced in December 2015 that sought to affirm congressional support for Muslim-Americans facing hate crimes and persecution. It did not have the effect of law or mention Sharia law, but rather aimed to send a message that anti-Muslim sentiment would not be tolerated by members of the U.S. House. The resolution has not received any Republican support and is likely dead. Wanting Congress to officially condemn hate speech and persecution is not the same as seeking to institute Sharia law. We rate this  !
Statement: Says the Obama administration never responded to his 2012 letter flagging the uptick in unaccompanied children crossing the U.S.-Mexico border.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: June 17, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview on Fox & Friends
Fact-check justification: Perry said the Obama administration failed to respond to his 2012 letter flagging an uptick in unaccompanied children crossing the U.S.-Mexico border. The day Perry sent his letter, Obama administration officials joined a conference call with his office about the crossings. It’s not clear whether this call was in response to the letter or vice versa, but it does seem to show the border situation had the attention of federal and state authorities. Otherwise, we found no documentation, in Austin or Washington, D.C., of a formal administration reply or of briefings like the ones referenced by the White House spokesman. On balance, we rate Perry’s statement as .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: When (Ronald) Reagan came in, from 1978 to 1982, economic growth averaged less than 1 percent a year. There's only one other four-year period where that's true. That's true from 2008 to 2012.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: September 21, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;history;jobs
Context: an interview with CBS' Stephen Colbert
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that "when (Ronald) Reagan came in, from 1978 to 1982, economic growth averaged less than 1 percent a year. There’s only one other four-year period where that’s . That’s  from 2008 to 2012." Cruz missed two other four-year periods that fit the criteria. In addition, his implication -- that Democrats are largely to blame for those conditions -- doesn’t stand up to logical consistency, particularly when he excluded the period beginning in 2006 (which included three years solely under Bush) and 2007 (which included two years solely under Bush). This goes on top of general uncertainty about how much blame to assign presidents for poor economic conditions. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: COVID-19 is a synthetic version of "snake venom" that evil forces are spreading through remdesivir, the COVID-19 vaccines and drinking water to "make you a hybrid of Satan.
Speaker: "watch the water"
About the speaker: "Watch the Water" is a conspiratorial anti-vaccine documentary featuring Stew Peters of Red Voice Media and Bryan Ardis, a former chiropractor. It was released April 11, 2022.
Date: April 11, 2022
Topics: animals;drugs;health care;public health;pundits;facebook fact-checks;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: a film
Fact-check justification: Ardis said COVID-19 is a synthetic version of "snake venom" that evil forces are spreading through remdesivir, drinking water and the COVID-19 vaccines to "make you a hybrid of Satan."  That’s a far cry from reality, experts said. COVID-19 is not snake venom.  The former chiropractor relied on a mix of misrepresented scientific studies, twisted logic, fictional TV show plotlines, botched Latin, debunked home videos, circumstantial  and what he claimed were signs from God to stake his case. We rate his statement !
Statement: If every person on earth just recycled, stopped using plastic straws, and drove an electric car, 100 corporations would still produce 70% of total global emissions.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 10, 2022
Topics: environment;climate change;energy
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed, "If every person on earth just recycled, stopped using plastic straws, and drove an electric car, 100 corporations would still produce 70% of total global emissions." No, 100 corporations do not produce 70% of total global emissions. The 2017 study that is often cited found that 100 corporations could be attributed to 71% of fossil fuel and cement emissions. The difference between the two claims is in the denominator of the corporation emission equation: it's not all emissions, just industrial greenhouse gas emissions from 1988 to 2015. Research that accurately compares the total global emissions to the data collected from the 100 most-polluting corporations worldwide does not exist yet. The study tied emissions from consuming "carbon major" products to the companies that produced those products. So, in theory, everyone driving an electric car would create less demand for gasoline and decrease companies' emissions.  We rate this  .