chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: A doctor tweeted that she doesn't regret giving the COVID-19 vaccine, "even if it turns out I injected you with actual poison and you only have days to live.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: April 4, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The length of the tweets is also a sign they were fabricated. The first tweet contained 333 characters and the second had 348 characters, both exceeding Twitter’s 280-character limit. Only Twitter Blue users can publish tweets longer than 280 characters, and Solenkova said she is not subscribed to Twitter Blue. Her Twitter account also does not contain the blue checkmark that would identify her as a subscriber. We rate the  that a doctor tweeted that she doesn’t regret giving the COVID-19 vaccine, "even if it turns out I injected you with actual poison and you only have days to live" !
Statement: Says Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte said, "We have lost control, we have killed the epidemic physically and mentally. Can't understand what more we can do, all solutions are exhausted on ground. Our only hope remains up in the Sky, God rescue your people.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 22, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In a March 17 Twitter thread , Conte said the country has faced a thousand difficulties in the past, including world wars and a fascist regime, but has endured them with heads held high. Alluding to the coronavirus pandemic, he said the country was facing a new test and would defeat the invisible enemy. His tweets reflect a different tone than the message of defeat we see in the Facebook quote. We searched for the quote attributed to Conte using Nexis news archives and online search engines but found no reporting or government statement indicating he said it. We rate this !
Statement: 70 percent of the income tax that the state collects happens to come from Westchester, Nassau, Suffolk and New York City
Speaker: robert mujica
About the speaker: Robert Mujica is the Director of the State Division of Budget under Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo.
Date: January 18, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: economy;taxes
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Mujica said "70 percent of the income tax that the state collects happens to come from Westchester, Nassau, Suffolk and New York City." The actual number is somewhere between 66 percent and 82 percent, according to data from the state Division of Budget. Upstate counties only provide about 18 percent of the state’s income tax revenue. We rate his  .
Statement: Say Michelle Obama "mandates" weighing children in day care.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 21, 2015
Location: national
Topics: children;corrections and updates;food safety;government regulation;public health
Context: posts on social media
Fact-check justification: Bloggers say Michelle Obama "mandates" weighing children in day care. A law she supported -- that was passed by unanimous consent in the Senate -- has set in motion a proposed study of how children in day care are eating, and part of the monitoring would include periodically weighing the participating students. However, the headlines of most of the posts on social media painted this as a sweeping, new requirement for all children in day care. That’s not  -- the study aims to track 3,000 children, or about one ten-thousandth of all children in day care. We rate the  . CORRECTION, Mar. 27, 2015 : This version corrects a mathematical error in the initial posting of this story. Three thousand children is one ten-thousandth of the 30 million children in day care nationally, not one ten-thousandth of 1 percent.
Statement: Children who receive COVID-19 vaccinations "will be walking factories of spike proteins" that will "undoubtedly cause illnesses to spread like wildfire in schools.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 25, 2021
Topics: children;health care;coronavirus
Context: viral text
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claims that children who receive COVID-19 vaccinations "will be walking factories of spike proteins" that will "undoubtedly cause illnesses to spread like wildfire in schools." The spike proteins generated by the body through vaccination are neither infectious nor continuously generated in children and adults.  We rate the  . RELATED :   Ask PolitiFact: Children are far less likely to die from COVID-19. Why do they need vaccination? RELATED : Debunking the anti-vaccine hoax about ‘vaccine shedding’
Statement: Wisconsin (has) the highest infant mortality rate for black babies nationwide.
Speaker: shelia stubbs
About the speaker: Shelia Stubbs is a former probation and parole agent from Madison.  She has been a member of the Dane County Board of Supervisors, representing a district on the south side of Madison for twelve years. She was nominated as the Democratic candidate for the 77th district of the Wisconsin State Assembly on August 14, 2018, ran unopposed in the November general election, and was sworn into office in January of 2019 as the first African American state legislator from Dane County.  
Date: March 12, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;families;health care;race and ethnicity;women
Context: a public forum
Fact-check justification: Khalif Rainey and Milwaukee County Supervisor Marina Dimitrijevic, will be funded with up to $100,000 from Milwaukee County. Evers’ plan also includes grant funding for doula training and Medicaid coverage for doula services . Our rating Stubbs said "Wisconsin (has) the highest infant mortality rate for black babies nationwide." Data from the CDC and other sources backs her up. We rate the  .
Statement: In New England, Rhode Island has the second highest number of police officers being assaulted.
Speaker: tony capezza
About the speaker: Rhode Island state director of the International Brotherhood of Police Officers.
Date: January 26, 2016
Location: rhode island
Topics: crime;public safety
Context: testimony at General Assembly
Fact-check justification: Capezza said that: "In New England, RI has the second highest number of police officers being assaulted." He cited FBI Uniform Crime Reports as his source and the FBI data from Rhode Island and four other New England states supports his . The data from Massachusetts also supports the . The problem is that, pending an update, the Massachusetts data is only 72 percent complete. In other words, 28 percent of the data from New England’s most populous state is missing. That’s a substantial gap. Also, Capezza misused the FBI data when he ranked the New England states without addressing all of the variables that can affect such a crime statistic. Such rankings are explicitly discouraged by the agency’s cautionary guidelines. For those two reasons, the ruling is  .
Statement: Republican candidate for governor Ken Block was "fined and had to admit that (he) funneled money illegally to the Moderate Party.
Speaker: allan fung
About the speaker: Allan Fung has been mayor of Cranston, R.I. since Jan. 5, 2009. In 2014 he made an unsuccessful run for governor as a Republican. He received his law degree from Suffolk University, worked as a prosecutor for the state attorney general's office, served as a lobbyist for MetLife and served two terms on the Cranston City Council, beginning in 2002. In his 2012 reelection bid, he was unopposed.
Date: June 17, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: campaign finance;candidate biography;history
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: "Their overreaction to what we had done is a classic Rhode Island political payback story." Fung, during the debate, didn't go into details. He simply said that Block was "fined and had to admit that [he] funneled money illegally to the Moderate Party." We rate the  as  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: In the health care bill, "The 'Health Choices Commissioner' will decide health benefits for you. You will have no choice. None.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: July 28, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care;regulation
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: You will have no choice. None." That is not what the bill says. The bill envisions an exchange with several different plans, and people choosing their own plan. We rate this  !
Statement: Every year, more than $40 million are leaving Missouri for the Lone Star State.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: August 21, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: economy
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: Perry said: "Every year, more than $40 million are leaving Missouri for the Lone Star State." That assessment ties to IRS data on adjusted gross income for 1992 through 2010, but the results are more complex and admittedly clunky than this  acknowledges. That is, Missouri residents who moved to Texas through those years earned more the year before they moved than all income-tax-filing Texas residents who moved to Missouri in those years.   Still, adjusted for inflation, the annual difference averages about $50 million--more than Perry’s unadjusted figure. Then again, this did not hold for every year. In six years--most recently 2005--there was less than a $40 million difference. On balance, we rate this  as . -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: While in the Illinois Senate, Barack Obama passed legislation moving people "from welfare to jobs.
Speaker: michelle obama
About the speaker: Michelle Obama is the wife of Barack Obama and the former First Lady of the United States. She is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School and has worked for the Mayor of Chicago and the University of Chicago. Michelle and Barack Obama have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 25, 2008
Location: national
Topics: poverty;workers
Context: Denver
Fact-check justification: But I'm a strong believer in making lemonade out of lemons. ... I think this is a good start, and I urge support of this bill." Nevertheless, the legislation's primary role was welfare reform, and the legislative record shows that Obama had a leadership role in getting it passed. For these reasons, we find Obama's  .
Statement: Stimulus dollars paid for "windmills from China.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: July 18, 2012
Location: national
Topics: china;energy;message machine 2012;stimulus
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: Mitt Romney’s ad said that stimulus dollars paid for windmills from China. By depicting dollars going up in flames, the ad suggests that the U.S. gained nothing from the stimulus spending, and the money largely went to countries such as China. In reality, many American firms connected to the wind industry expanded during the years of the stimulus. Only a small fraction of the money spent on wind energy went to China. This statement contains a grain of  but ignores other information. We rate it .
Statement: Photo shows hundreds of "sitting ships" waiting to dock at U.S. ports.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 6, 2021
Location: national
Topics: trade;facebook fact-checks;california
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that a screenshot of a map shows hundreds of "sitting" ships around the Americas waiting to dock. That’s . The map is from MarineTraffic’s website and shows all the vessels transmitting their positions. Some are sitting, but the vast majority are in transit. We rate this .
Statement: A "small area" in western Texas and southeastern New Mexico "has enough oil to fuel America for the next 200 years.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 14, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: energy;gas prices;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An image on Facebook claimed that a "small area" in western Texas and southeastern New Mexico "has enough oil to fuel America for the next 200 years."  The Permian Basin is indeed a large and valuable source of domestic oil and natural gas. But based on the latest geological assessments and U.S. energy consumption, estimated oil in the Permian would not last Americans 200 years.  We rate this  .
Statement: Nine hundred people have been fired since I became secretary (of Veterans Affairs). We've got 60 people that we fired who have manipulated wait times.
Speaker: robert mcdonald
About the speaker: Robert McDonald was named eighth secretary of Veteran Affairs by President Barack Obama and was confirmed by the Senate on July 29, 2014. Previously, McDonald was chairman, president, and chief executive officer of the Procter & Gamble Company. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1975.
Date: February 15, 2015
Location: national
Topics: veterans
Context: an appearance on NBC's 'Meet the Press'
Fact-check justification: McDonald said, "Nine hundred people have been fired since I became secretary. We’ve got 60 people that we fired who have manipulated wait times." He also said that those 900 people "were with us before I became secretary." While the data shows that 900 people have been let go under McDonald, half those dismissals were probationary employees, meaning they were just starting work as the scandal had come to light, or weren’t even there when it was going on. Looking at historical trends, the number of terminations looks pretty similar to ordinary personnel churn. More problematic is the  that 60 people were fired in direct connection with the wait-time scandal. As of mid February, 14 employees had been ousted in one way or another due to the scandal, with another five directors or officers removed as well. Other employees were disciplined without being terminated. Still, the number of terminated employees is well below McDonald’s stated number. We rate the statement .
Statement: Corona PCR 'test' is implanting a microchip.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 14, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed, "Corona PCR 'test' is implanting a microchip." We found no  to support this . The woman to whom the  is attributed cannot explain it, and she has made numerous other claims about COVID-19 that have been debunked. She is described in the post as a former FEMA employee, but the agency says she never worked there. We rate this  !
Statement: Says Joe Biden's infrastructure plan "is the Green New Deal.
Speaker: citizens united
About the speaker: Citizens United is a non-profit advocacy group that promotes a strong national defense, limited government, free market economics and belief in God.
Date: March 31, 2021
Location: national
Topics: climate change;energy;infrastructure
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Citizens United said that Biden’s infrastructure proposal is the Green New Deal. The two plans share some common approaches, but a spending plan inspired by the Green New Deal is about four times larger than the Biden plan. The Green New Deal also advocates broader social goals that are absent from the White House infrastructure proposal. We rate this  .
Statement: Pregnant women who stand for five to six hours at a time increase their risk of pre-term pregnancy by 80 percent.
Speaker: michael solomon
About the speaker: Michael A. Solomon is a Democrat and president of the Providence City Council, representing Ward 5.
Date: April 3, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: families;health care;government regulation;public health;science;women;workers
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Providence City Council President Michael Solomon said, "Pregnant women who stand for five or six hours at a time increase their risk of pre-term pregnancy by 80 percent," attributing the statistic to the Women's Fund of Rhode Island. That's a very specific . But the  is based on a few studies, cherry-picked from a larger body of research that suggests that the risk, if there is one, is significantly smaller. Because the statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at politifact [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Wagon arriving at Detroit counting center after deadline "may have been a ballot box.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 4, 2020
Location: michigan
Topics: elections
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: Texas Scorecard said a video showing a man bringing in a wagon into TCF may have been bringing a box of invalid, late-arriving ballots to be counted, while images showed suspicious suitcases and coolers being brought into the counting area. It offered no  for its . The video of the man bringing the wagon into TCF showed a journalist from a local news station wheeling in photography equipment, not ballots. The other images showed reporters leaving the counting area with suitcases and election workers with coolers of food. We rate the claims .
Statement: I saw my father march with Martin Luther King.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: December 6, 2007
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: College Station, Texas
Fact-check justification: Mitt Romney, who would have been 16 in 1963, said recently, "I think the thing that's relevant is that my dad was a champion in the civil rights movement, that he aligned himself with Martin Luther King." That part is . Nevertheless, Mitt Romney's statement that he saw his father march with Martin Luther King remains problematic at best. If he'd stopped at saying his father was a champion of the civil rights movement, he would have been on solid ground. Balancing the lack of  that the two men marched together against the elder Romney's well-documented support of Martin Luther King, we rate Romney's statement .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama "is the first president we've ever had who thinks he can choose which laws to enforce and which laws to ignore.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: March 6, 2014
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;history;legal issues;supreme court
Context: a speech at the CPAC conference
Fact-check justification: We found that at least seven presidents -- including some of the nation’s most admired occupants of the White House -- acted, at least on occasion, in ways that ignored specific laws or constitutional protections. It is not accurate to say, as Cruz does, that Obama would be "the first president we've ever had who thinks he can choose which laws to enforce and which laws to ignore." Presidents have done so frequently, and historians expect that they will continue to do so. We rate the  . *** EDITOR’S NOTE , March 11, 2014 : After we published our story, Cruz’s office provided the following response: "Since the dawn of the republic, the president and Congress have resisted attempts from each other to encroach upon their constitutional powers. Many presidents have asserted, and have abused, executive authority. No one is arguing that President Obama is the first to make this . As Sen. Cruz has detailed in three reports , a Wall Street Journal op-ed , and a brief before the U.S. Supreme Court, no president until President Obama has ever claimed the authority to ignore the explicit text of statutes passed by Congress and unilaterally replace that text with whatever the president wishes. From Obamacare to immigration, to same sex marriage, to marijuana laws, President Obama’s willingness to ignore or alter law is unquestionably outside the scope of executive power. It amounts to legislating, pure and simple." However, we don’t agree that there’s a significant distinction between "abus(ing) executive authority" and a "willingness to ignore or alter law," so we feel comfortable with the historical examples we used to analyze Cruz’s statement. We’re standing by our original ruling of .