chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says "Donald Trump has defended" World War II internment camps.
Speaker: joaquin castro
About the speaker: Initially elected to the Texas House in 2002, Joaquin Castro initially won election to the U.S. House in November 2012.
Date: July 28, 2016
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: a speech at the DNC
Fact-check justification: Castro said Trump has defended World War II internment camps. Trump likened his proposed Muslim ban to how Roosevelt handled World War II. When pressed by journalists if he supported the internment camps for Japanese Americans under Roosevelt’s order, Trump said he was not praising that exactly. In another interview, Trump said he hates the "concept" of internment camps, but "would have had to be there at the time to give you a proper answer" on whether he supported or opposed Roosevelt’s action. So Trump’s comments are not as specific as Castro claims, but Trump never mounted an affirmative defense. Sometimes he declined to defend them, other times he has said he would have had to be present when the internment camps were in use. We rate the  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/4e626cbf-8ee1-4b41-b0a5-3073c0fd45f8
Statement: There was "an estimated $5.3 million of economic loss just for a few hours of shutting down the border. You're talking about millions and millions of dollars — billions of dollars — of economic consequence, if we continue with this rhetoric around shutting down the border without considering what that means.
Speaker: gavin newsom
About the speaker: Gavin Newsom was elected governor of California in 2018. He is the state's former lieutenant governor and served as mayor of San Francisco. He is a Democrat.
Date: November 29, 2018
Location: california
Topics: immigration;economy;public safety
Context: a press conference at the border
Fact-check justification: California Gov.-elect Gavin Newsom claimed there was an estimated $5.3 million in economic loss from the temporary closure of the San Ysidro border crossing that separates San Diego and Tijuana on Nov. 25. He added "billions of dollars" are potentially at stake should future closures take place. Newsom’s $5.3 million figure was supported by the head of the San Ysidro Chamber of Commerce, which represents hundreds of businesses on the U.S. side of the border. A leading economist in the region said San Ysidro is likely to recover at least some of that loss when shoppers who delayed their visits return, as long as there aren’t additional border closures. Newsom can also point to warnings from business groups about "billions of dollars" potentially being lost in future shutdowns. San Diego’s regional chamber of commerce, including the city’s former Republican mayor, said future closures could threaten the billions of dollars in economic activity that flows through the international gateway. This portion of Newsom’s , however, assumes a worst-case scenario of a prolonged weeks- or months-long closure. While President Trump has threatened to close the border, there’s been no  that his administration is seeking an extended shutdown. We found Newsom’s overall statement was accurate but could use some clarifications. We rated it .   – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information.
Statement: Colorado "requires photo ID to vote in person, requires signature verification for mail-in ballots, which Georgia got rid of, and prevents campaign workers from giving food, water to voters within 100 feet if they're wearing campaign apparel.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 6, 2021
Location: colorado
Topics: georgia;elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says Colorado "requires photo ID to vote in person, requires signature verification for mail in ballots (which Georgia got rid of), and prevents campaign workers from giving food/water to voters within 100 ft if they’re wearing campaign apparel." Colorado does not require a photo ID to vote in person, but it does verify signatures on mail-in ballots.  Colorado prohibits people wearing campaign gear from giving things to voters who are waiting in line, but Georgia prohibits anyone from doing so. We rate the statement .
Statement: We made a ridiculous deal (with Iran). We gave them $150 billion. We gave them $1.8 billion, and we got nothing.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 26, 2019
Location: national
Topics: iran;foreign policy
Context: a post-G7 news conference
Fact-check justification: Trump said that under the 2015 nuclear deal, the United States "gave" Iran $150 billion and $1.8 billion, and "got nothing" for either. The $150 billion — which was not a gift, but an unfreezing of Iran’s assets — is the highest estimate we've seen, and the one with the least  to support it. The high-end estimate from the U.S. Treasury Department in 2015 was $56 billion, and outside analysts believe the number could be lower. The $1.8 billion is reasonably accurate. The official amount is $1.7 billion.  As for "getting nothing" out of the deal, while some people will disagree that the United States got enough, it prevented Iran from getting enough fuel to build a bomb and allowing international inspectors. That’s more than nothing. The official record backs up just one out of the three elements in Trump’s statement. We rate this .
Statement: The COVID economic relief package "included $600 million for San Francisco, part of which goes to cover the tab for free alcohol and marijuana for the homeless.
Speaker: kevin mccarthy
About the speaker: Kevin McCarthy, who was first elected in 2006, is a Republican member of Congress representing a district in California. McCarthy was elected as House Speaker in January 2023.
Date: March 14, 2021
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;homeless;stimulus;california;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: McCarthy said the federal relief package has "$600 million for San Francisco, part of which goes to cover the tab for free alcohol and marijuana for the homeless." Since May 2020, San Francisco has spent about $1,500 of public money each month to provide medically prescribed alcohol to people with severe alcoholism in COVID-19 isolation and quarantine sites for homeless people. No federal money has been allotted to this program, which is due to end in June. The city does not provide marijuana to people at quarantine sites. McCarthy’s  misrepresented what’s in the federal relief package.  We rate this  .
Statement: The Christian Coalition gave (Adam) Hasner an F.
Speaker: george lemieux
About the speaker: George LeMieux is a former U.S. Senator from Florida. He was appointed by Gov. Charlie Crist in 2009 to fill the unexpired term of Sen. Mel Martinez and served until January 2011.
Date: October 5, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: gambling;religion;voting record
Context: a video on a website
Fact-check justification: Hasner did receive an "F" grade from the Christian Coalition in 2007, but LeMieux's video leaves out important details of Hasner's record. We rate this   .
Statement: Marquette University threatened to rescind student's admission over pro-Trump TikTok video.
Speaker: donald trump jr.
About the speaker: Donald Trump Jr. is the son of President Donald Trump and his former wife Ivana Trump.
Date: July 8, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: A widespread  repeated by Trump Jr. said Marquette University threatened to rescind a student’s admission over a pro-Trump TikTok video. The "threat"  and connection to the video largely boil down to a student writer’s oversimplified description of a complex situation that was assumed as  as it increasingly made the rounds online. That video attribution element is . The issue that got Marquette — and the hundreds of people who contacted it in a campaign orchestrated online — involved related to comments on topics like sexuality and immigration in other posts. The allegation that Pfefferle’s admission status was threatened in some form is trickier, and gets into he-said, she-said territory. Pfefferle clearly felt her admission could be in doubt, but  the university said no threat was made. And Pfefferle herself hasn’t described the situation quite that way either. Putting that all together, we are left with a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That’s our definition of .
Statement: Because of union rules, cooks helpers moved into DMV jobs they were not trained for
Speaker: john robitaille
About the speaker: John Robitaille made an unsuccessful run for governor in 2010 as a Republican. A graduate of Providence College, Robitaille served five years in the Army, worked in employee and labor relations and served as communications director for Republican Gov. Donald Carcieri.
Date: July 11, 2010
Location: rhode island
Context: a comment on Newsmakers
Fact-check justification: It's that background that deems them qualified for appointment to the job, regardless of their union seniority, Marcaccio confirmed. Once it is determined who meets the specifications, preference is given to those with the most seniority. While Robitaille's statement that there are a handful of former cook's helpers among the almost 150 DMV employees is correct, he couldn't support his  that they weren't qualified. We all know the registry needs an overhaul, but it's important to focus on the facts. We rate this .
Statement: Climate change is nothing but a bunch of computer models that attempt to tell us what's going to happen in 50 years or 30. Notice the predictions are never for next year or the next 10 years. They're always for way, way, way, way out there, when none of us are going to be around or alive to know whether or not they were true.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: February 17, 2019
Topics: climate change;punditfact
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Limbaugh said, "Climate change is nothing but a bunch of computer models that attempt to tell us what's going to happen in 50 years or 30. Notice the predictions are never for next year or the next ten years. They're always for way, way, way, way out there, when none of us are going to be around or alive to know whether or not they were ." First, global warming is already happening. Earth is the hottest it has ever been, and the impact is observable. Second, climate change predictions from decades past have largely been borne out. Third, models project further out because it helps show warming trends more clearly, relative to natural variability. But scientists also have near-term projections available. We rate this . We updated this article on March 5, 2019, to make clear that the Earth is now hotter than it has ever been based on the record of the planet's measured climate.
Statement: The COVID-19 vaccine caused J.J. Watt's atrial fibrillation.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 2, 2022
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Sanchez said "we can’t stress enough the connections between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease. … We urge everyone who is eligible to get the vaccine and all recommended boosters. The side effects of the vaccine have proven to be minimal and far outweigh the risk of getting COVID. "  We found no  to support the  that COVID-19 vaccines caused Watt’s atrial fibrillation. We rate that .
Statement: Biden threatens to assassinate Ukraine president.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 18, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The video itself offers no  of this supposedly leaked audio — nor does it provide a credible source to corroborate the post. We also couldn’t find anything online to support the .   In fact, Zelenkyy’s wife, Ukrainian first lady Olena Zelenska, visited the White House and met with the Bidens on July 19. The White House said Zelenska and U.S. first lady Jill Biden would "discuss the United States’ continued support for the government of Ukraine and its people as they defend their democracy. "  We rate claims that Biden threatened to kill Zelenskyy .
Statement: Our federal government has lent $2 billion to the state-owned oil company of Brazil to allow them to explore for oil and gas.
Speaker: george allen
About the speaker: George Allen was a U.S. senator from 2001-2007. He was governor of Virginia from 1994-1998.
Date: December 7, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: energy;foreign policy;trade
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: He is referring to a preliminary agreement by the U.S. Export-Import Bank, an independent federal agency, to consider offering up to $2 billion in financing to help Petrobras buy American goods and services. In 2010, Ex-Im agreed to guarantee a $308 million private loan made to Petrobras by JPMorgan Chase. There were no other transactions, and Ex-Im’s agreement with Petrobras expired this April. The bottom line is that that Ex-Im did not directly lend any money to Petrobras. We rate Allen’s statement .
Statement: Apprehension rates at the southern border have plummeted since the 1980s, and apprehensions of Mexicans specifically have reached their lowest point in nearly half a century.
Speaker: john conyers, jr.
About the speaker: John Conyers, Jr. represents Michigan’s 13th Congressional District.
Date: March 28, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a subcommittee hearing
Fact-check justification: Conyers said, "Apprehension rates at the southern border have plummeted since the 1980s, and apprehensions of Mexicans specifically have reached their lowest point in nearly half a century." In recent years, average apprehension numbers have been below 500,000. In the 1980s, they averaged 1 million. A nonpartisan think tank found that the number of apprehensions of Mexicans in fiscal 2015 was the lowest since 1969. It’s worth noting that there have been some ups and downs in the numbers. But overall, the decline has been notable. We rate Conyers’ statement .
Statement: Archbishop Desmond Tutu dies while holidaying in Texas
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 22, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The website’s banner only says "New York," and its address is designed to give readers the  impression that it’s the actual New York Times. (The real Times  can be found at www.nytimes.com.) Take this quiz to see if you know how to spot  news sites. Nytimes-news.com’s post claiming Tutu died in Texas is made up. We rate it !
Statement: How many of you still don't know that Michelle Obama was born Michael Lavaughn Robinson and is a man?
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 18, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post asks, "How many of you still don't know that Michelle Obama was born Michael Lavaughn Robinson and is a man?" There is no  Obama is a transgender woman or was named "Michael" at birth.  We rate this post !
Statement: Now (Biden) is saying that people who came here illegally can jump ahead of other Americans who have been waiting to get the vaccine.
Speaker: steve scalise
About the speaker: Steve Scalise is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives representing Louisiana.
Date: February 2, 2021
Topics: health check;coronavirus
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Scalise said it is Biden’s policy that "people who came here illegally can jump ahead of other Americans who have been waiting to get the vaccine." The Biden administration has made it clear that unauthorized immigrants are eligible to receive the vaccine if they are part of a priority group, such as health care workers or seniors. That does mean some unauthorized immigrants who meet specific vaccination criteria for job duties or age could receive a shot before American citizens who do not meet those requirements. This is in keeping with long-standing public health practices. But Scalise was misrepresenting Biden’s policy when he suggested that unauthorized immigrants are being prioritized over American citizens or can jump the vaccination line. Eligibility for the vaccine is based on job and age categories — period. Under the Biden approach, immigration status is not a qualifying or disqualifying factor. His statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Barack Obama "sold Chrysler to Italians who are going to build Jeeps in China" at the cost of American jobs.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 29, 2012
Location: national
Topics: china;jobs;message machine 2012;workers
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The Romney campaign ad says Obama "sold Chrysler to Italians who are going to build Jeeps in China" at the cost of American jobs. The ad leaves the clear impression that Jeeps built in China come at the expense of American workers. The ad miscasts the government’s role in Fiat’s acquisition of Chrysler, and it misrepresents the outcome. Chrysler’s owners had been trying to sell to Italy-based Fiat before Obama took office. The ad ignores the return of American jobs to Chrysler Jeep plants in the United States, and it presents the manufacture of Jeeps in China as a threat, rather than an opportunity to sell cars made in China to Chinese consumers. It strings together facts in a way that presents an wholly  picture. We rate the statement !
Statement: Black Americans still earn less than 73 percent of what white men make.
Speaker: andy gronik
About the speaker: Democrat Andy Gronik, a businessman who lives in the Milwaukee suburb of Fox Point, announced in July 2017 that he would run for governor of Wisconsin in 2018 in his first run for public office. He dropped out of the race on June 21, 2018.
Date: August 27, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: income;jobs;workers
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: He also used 2015 data, when 2016 data is available from various sources. But his central point — that there is an observable difference between what black workers and white workers make — is supported by the data. Experts vary in their methodologies and definition of a wage gap, and more nuanced calculations show it is notably smaller than the figure Gronik cited. But a gap does exist, both between all workers and between workers who are similarly situated. We rate Gronik’s  .
Statement: Statistics bear out that any time a country, a state, makes more restrictive abortion laws ... fatalities go up and abortions actually increase.
Speaker: nickie antonio
About the speaker: Nickie J. Antonio is a state representative for the 13th Ohio House District. She was first elected to the statehouse in 2010. She represents residents from the city of Lakewood and parts of the West Side of Cleveland.
Date: January 24, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: abortion;government regulation;women
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: But the study did not specifically say that more restrictive laws drive up abortion rates and fatalities, as Antonio claimed. One of the study’s authors, in fact, specifically said the study did not establish that cause-and-effect relationship and that other factors were in play. Nor did the study look at abortion rates and fatalities for individual states -- something Antonio mentioned in her statement. Those are critical facts that would give a different impression. On the -O-Meter, Antonio’s  rates .
Statement: Says Donna Brazile is a "criminal.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 18, 2019
Topics: elections;crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The conservative-leaning Weekly Standard did its own fact-check of a  that the DNC illegally stole the 2016 primary from Bernie Sanders. In it, the publication pointed to a class-action lawsuit against the DNC that alleged the organization violated its own charter "by working with a single campaign to effectively choose who would win the Democratic ballot." The DNC responded that it had no legal obligations "to remain impartial throughout the process." The lawsuit was dismissed. As for the post that calls Brazile a criminal, we rate it .
Statement: People have actually broken down the transcripts for oral arguments and (Antonin Scalia) told more jokes and got more laughs than any of the other justices.
Speaker: stephen colbert
About the speaker: Stephen Colbert is the host of CBS' The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. Previously, he worked for Comedy Central as host of The Colbert Report, and he also starred on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart.
Date: February 15, 2016
Topics: supreme court;punditfact
Context: comments on the "Late Show"
Fact-check justification: Colbert said, "People have actually broken down the transcripts for oral arguments and (Scalia) told more jokes and got more laughs than any of the other justices." This wasn't a joke.  Out of six Supreme Court terms spanning 2004 to 2016, Scalia produced about 40 percent of all the laughter transcribed in oral arguments. That’s more than any other justice overall and more than any other justice every term. We rate Colbert’s  .