chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Black children constitute 18 percent of the nation's public school population but 40 percent of the children who are suspended or expelled.
Speaker: john lewis
About the speaker: Civil Rights icon John Lewis represents Georgia's 5th Congressional District. He was the recipient of the presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, in February 2011. 
Lewis is the oldest surviving keynote speaker of the 1963 March on Washington.
 
Date: May 17, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: civil rights;education
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: About 20 percent of the students suspended were Hispanic. Black students made up about 38 percent of expulsions in one category and 42.5 percent of expulsions in another category, the 2006 report showed. Our conclusion: Lewis co-wrote that black students make up 18 percent of the students in America’s public schools but 40 percent of students who are suspended or expelled. The percentage of the U.S. student population is accurate, while the percentage of black students suspended or expelled is pretty close to the mark. We rate this statement .
Statement: Harry Reid has voted "to give special tax breaks to illegal aliens.
Speaker: sharron angle
About the speaker: Sharron Angle is a former member of the Nevada Assembly who unsuccessfully tried to unseat Harry Reid in 2010 as the Republican nominee for his U.S. Senate seat.
Date: September 14, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;message machine 2010;taxes
Context: a campaign commerical
Fact-check justification: They didn't persuade us. We'll agree that it's fair for Angle to paint Reid as something less than Draconian in his stance toward former illegal immigrants. However, we find little to support the charge that Reid voted to "give special tax breaks to illegal aliens." Most of the Angle camp's cited votes were actually aimed at people in the U.S. legally (even though they may formerly have been illegal), and in at least two cases, we disagree that what was being voted on represented a "special tax break" at all. The combination of these concerns lead us to rate this  .
Statement: Says Queen Elizabeth said, "Muslim refugees are dividing nationality, I fully agree with Donald Trump we should deport them to avoid bloody terrorist attacks.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 16, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: As head of state, Queen Elizabeth II "has to remain strictly neutral with respect to political matters" and the ability to make and pass legislation rests with Parliament, according to the monarch’s website . In a July 13 press conference with British Prime Minister Theresa May, Trump linked terrorism to immigration, said immigration has "been very bad for Europe" and that it was "changing the culture." Trump won the U.S. presidential election touting a hard-line immigration stance, promising to ban Muslims from entering the United States and to remove Syrian refugees from the country ( both promises are Stalled ). There’s no  that Queen Elizabeth II made any comments about deporting Muslim refugees. We rate this fabricated story !
Statement: President Obama has "said he is going to cut veterans' benefits.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: January 19, 2012
Location: national
Topics: deficit;veterans
Context: a Republican presidential primary debate
Fact-check justification: Santorum said that Obama has pledged to cut veterans’ benefits. That is not the case with the VA budget, which Obama wants to increase. But there are some proposals for programs in the Defense Department budget that might shift more expenses to veterans. On balance, we rate Santorum's  .
Statement: Over the last 40 years, real wage growth has been flatlined because of the policies of the Federal Reserve ... It was all driven by the Federal Reserve.
Speaker: herman cain
About the speaker: Herman Cain is an author, columnist and talk radio host. Cain, a former pizza franchise CEO, ran for president as a Republican in 2012.
Date: August 11, 2014
Topics: economy;workers;punditfact
Context: comments on Fox News Business
Fact-check justification: In short, wage growth has remain relatively flat. But Cain goes too far in blaming policies of the Federal Reserve, both conservative and liberal economists told us us. Various nonmonetary policy factors are much more likely to cause a lack of wage growth. Cain’s  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: The National Technical Information Service spends millions of taxpayer dollars to print and sell government documents that are available free in online searches.
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: June 22, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget;transparency
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: That number reflects a growing trend of government agencies posting their own scientific and technical reports to the Web, where anyone can search and print them out for free. But the  ignores the fact that the NTIS is responsible for some of the posting and tagging that make those reports easy to find on Google. Perdue’s statement hits on a popular topic, attacking what appears to be government waste. He’s accurate but ignores some information that adds nuance to the debate. We rate Perdue’s  .
Statement: One of the biggest causes of our soaring debt and economic insecurity ends up being Pentagon spending. The budget for the Pentagon consumes more than half of our discretionary spending.
Speaker: dennis kucinich
About the speaker: Dennis Kucinich is running in the Democratic primary for governor of Ohio in 2018. Kucinich was elected to Congress in 1996. He previously served as a member of the city council and as mayor in Cleveland, the city where he was born in 1946. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Case Western University. He has been married since 2005 to Elizabeth Harper. He was married twice before and has one child. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 25, 2008.
Date: January 24, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: deficit;federal budget;military
Fact-check justification: Discretionary spending on the military has been trending up for more than a decade. From 2001 to 2010, it increased by 71 percent -- almost three times the rate of increase in domestic discretionary spending, which rose about 24 percent. Nonsecurity-related discretionary spending accounts for only about 15 percent of the $3.5 trillion total budget. We leave the question of whether that’s good policy for others to debate. But as to Kucinich’s statement, we rate his  as .
Statement: The Georgia Legislature's last day of session ends at midnight.
Speaker: david ralston
About the speaker: David Ralston, a Republican, is speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives.
Date: April 2, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: states;transparency
Context: comments from the House floor
Fact-check justification: Ralston implied that there is a midnight deadline for action. Most years, the chambers do end their work before midnight. Legal experts in the state and nationally agree, though, that no such clock watching is needed. Lawmakers meet for 40 legislative days, which end only when the chambers adjourn. We rule Ralston’s statement .
Statement: The federal government "now tells us which light bulbs to buy.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: January 25, 2011
Location: national
Topics: energy;regulation
Context: a response to the State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: "One thing is for sure, what we use for lighting our homes will take some thought -- and maybe we'll be changing what we decide to do." So, is Washington telling us what kind of bulb to use? Not yet, though the 2007 law steps up efficiency requirements, and that's expected to result in consumers purchasing and using different bulbs. These factors give Bachmann's statement an element of  -- but not much more. We rate it .
Statement: The United States has "the longest surviving constitution.
Speaker: jon huntsman
About the speaker: Jon Huntsman was the governor of Utah from 2005 to 2009. He served as ambassador to China from 2009 to 2011. He is a Republican candidate for president in 2012. 
Date: August 2, 2011
Location: national
Topics: history;foreign policy;new hampshire 2012
Context: Milford, N.H.
Fact-check justification: The U.S. Constitution is the longest surviving constitution in the world. Still, there are other countries that have multiple governing documents that are older than the U.S. Constitution. We rate Huntsman’s  . Update: After this item comparing the longevity of the U.S. Constitution to others around the world appeared, two  readers noted that the Massachusetts state constitution is even older. Ratified in 1780, it served as a model for the authors of the U.S. Constitution, which was written seven years later, according to an account provided by the Massachusetts Judicial Branch .
Statement: Tammy Baldwin "opposed displaying the flag and reciting the Pledge of Allegiance or singing the National Anthem in our classrooms.
Speaker: leah vukmir
About the speaker: Republican Leah Vukmir was elected to the Wisconsin state Senate in 2010, representing a suburban Milwaukee district. She served in the state Assembly from 2002 to 2008. She lost a bid for the U.S. Senate in 2018.
Date: June 1, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;patriotism;regulation
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Our rating Vukmir said Baldwin "opposed displaying the flag and reciting the Pledge of Allegiance or singing the National Anthem in our classrooms." She cited a Baldwin vote from more than 20 years ago. While the vote happened, the  is  presented in a way that ignores Baldwin’s other votes supportive of the flag and pledge. She portrayed the bill Baldwin voted against as one that would get rid of displaying the flag and offering the anthem and pledge in schools, when it was about changing specific requirements around them. We rate her  .
Statement: Mexico, they took 30% of our automobile business.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 12, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: trade
Context: a speech at Derco Aerospace
Fact-check justification: Trump said Mexico "took 30 percent of our automobile business." Experts say there isn’t one example of an automaker closing a plant in the U.S. in order to open one in Mexico, much less enough to total 30% of anything. And Mexican-built cars still account for only 15% of sales in the U.S. It’s noteworthy that car production has decreased in the U.S. while increasing in Mexico in recent years, and that Mexico has landed the majority of the new vehicle plants built in North America in the last decade. But neither of those trends match Trump’s description in the more detailed CNBC , of plants being closed and workers let go in the U.S. as work moves to Mexico. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: A "voucher school that closed after 9 days this year collected $5.4 million in taxpayer subsidies since first opening.
Speaker: jennifer shilling
About the speaker: Jennifer Shilling, a Democrat from La Crosse in western Wisconsin, was elected to the Wisconsin Assembly in 2000 and served there until winning election to the state Senate in 2011. Democrats elected her as their Senate leader in 2014.
Date: September 16, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Our rating Shilling tweeted that the Daughters of the Father Christian Academy "closed after 9 days this year collected $5.4 million in taxpayer subsidies since first opening." The school did not just open its doors, receive $5.4 million and quickly close. The school had operated for eight years. The money represents the amount received since it opened. We rate the  .
Statement: Our country's got this huge debt, and (President Barack) Obama says raise taxes and keep spending more.
Speaker: crossroads gps
About the speaker: Crossroads GPS is a conservative advocacy group founded by prominent Republicans, including former White House political adviser Karl Rove.
Date: July 14, 2011
Location: national
Topics: deficit;economy;federal budget;taxes
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: "So there are all these specific spending increases and spending increase proposals, weighed against a number thrown around in the negotiations but without any specific cuts called for whatsoever," Collegio said. We see his point -- we, too, wish we could see more details about concrete commitments to spending cuts by the administration. However, we think that what Obama and Carney have said -- and what has trickled out from comments by the negotiators, including the acknowledgement by Cantor of common ground on spending cuts -- undercuts the ad’s  that Obama’s intention is to "keep spending more." The ad is right about tax increases but  about spending increases. On balance, we rate it .
Statement: This (SCHIP) is socialized medicine. It is going to go to families that make $60,000 a year. Those aren't poor children.
Speaker: duncan hunter
About the speaker: Duncan Hunter is a former U.S. representative from California, first elected to the post in 1980. He was born in California in 1948 and went to Western State University for undergraduate and law degrees. He served in Vietnam and practiced law before running for Congress. He is married and has two children. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 19, 2008.
Date: August 5, 2007
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Des Moines, Iowa
Fact-check justification: For a single parent with two children, that would be $51,510 a year. For a family of four it would be $61,950. And, it is possible that families making more money could be covered. In Title 1 Section 114, the SCHIP legislation says states could, if they meet new requirements, be allowed to expand eligibility higher than 300 percent of the federal poverty line. But to do that, states would have to show that they are covering a "target" percentage of children with family incomes below 200 percent before they could go beyond that group.
Statement: There is a "0.05% chance of dying from COVID.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: July 26, 2021
Topics: public health;public safety;science;coronavirus
Context: a TikTok post
Fact-check justification: The percentages used in the video don't account for the varying factors of risk that individuals face around the world, such as their age, where they live and comorbidities.   In addition, both experts and data show that the number of people in the world who have not yet been infected or vaccinated are still at risk of catching the virus and they aren’t included in the count. Mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic people who don’t get tested are being left out as well. It’s too early to accurately calculate a case fatality rate for a pandemic that is ongoing. We rate this  .
Statement: The Medford Water Commission was fined $279,000 for dumping plain drinking water into a stream.
Speaker: doug whitsett
About the speaker: Sen. Doug Whitsett, a former veterinarian, owns two small farms in the Klamath Basin, which breed and raise European Warmblood Horses for dressage and jumping. He is past president of the Oregon Veterinary Medical Association. He represents Senate District 28, Klamath Falls.
Date: June 3, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: environment;government regulation;water
Context: a legislative hearing
Fact-check justification: We understand why he would, since he disputes Lone Pine Creek is a stream. On the other hand, as DEQ points out, people can’t just dump chlorinated drinking water into storm drains either. We rate the statement as . As for whether the agency is justified in assessing such a large fine, well, we leave that question to you. Return to OregonLive to comment on this ruling.
Statement: There are more members of the U.S. Senate than the number of WI families who would benefit from GOP estate tax break.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: May 5, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In just the six years of Baldwin’s term, some 400 families would benefit. Our rating Baldwin claimed that "There are more members of the US Senate than the number of WI families who would benefit from GOP estate tax break." The experts we consulted said the estimate cited by Baldwin was a reasonable one. But Baldwin’s  did not provide a time frame for when the families would be affected, and many more than the 70 she cited would benefit over time. We rate Baldwin’s statement .
Statement: Kari Lake and Mark Finchem "have said that they will only honor the results of an election if they agree with it.
Speaker: liz cheney
About the speaker: Liz Cheney was first elected to the House of Representatives in 2016 in Wyoming and lost a primary re-election in 2022. Cheney is the daughter of former Vice President Dick Cheney. She briefly ran for the U.S. Senate in Wyoming before abandoning her candidacy.
Date: October 28, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: elections;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Cheney claimed Lake and Finchem "have said that they will only honor the results of an election if they agree with it." Lake has insisted she will win her race and said she would accept that result. Asked in one October interview whether she would accept a losing result, she declined to answer. Asked in another how she would respond if she lost, she said she’d accept the result "as long as it’s fair, honest and transparent."  Before winning his August primary, Finchem vowed he would not concede, saying he would "demand a 100% hand count if there is the slightest hint that there's an impropriety." Cheney’s  is accurate but needs additional information. We rate it . RELATED: All of our fact-checks about Arizona  RELATED: How could U.S. voting be affected if election deniers win? RELATED: Fact-checking ads in the 2022 election campaigns
Statement: Says opposing the Paycheck Fairness Act is part of the Koch brothers' agenda.
Speaker: gary peters
About the speaker: Rep. Gary Peters is a Democrat representing Michigan's 14th district. He previously represented the 9th district from 2009 to 2013. He is running to replace Sen. Carl Levin, who is retiring. 
Date: April 14, 2014
Location: national
Topics: congress;income;women
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Peters’ campaign claimed opposing the Paycheck Fairness Act was part of the Koch agenda. Federal disclosure forms show businesses owned by the Koch brothers lobbied on similar legislation in 2009 and 2010. And a Koch-connected group gave significant funding in 2011 to Concerned Women for America, a group that has opposed the current legislation. But it does not appear Koch Industries has lobbied on equal pay issues since 2010, including the most recent legislation. Their most vocal organization, Americans for Prosperity, hasn’t entered the debate, either. In making the , the Peters campaign was relying on  from several years ago. Even if disclosure reports filed in the near future reveal that Koch entities lobbied on the issue more recently, Peters linked the Koch brothers to the legislation without knowing their involvement.  Weighing all of that, we rate the statement .
Statement: PolitiFact Texas gave" a David Dewhurst TV ad "a 'Pants-on-Fire' rating as an outrageous lie.
Speaker: dan patrick
About the speaker: As a Houston state senator, Dan Patrick won election as lieutenant governor of Texas in November 2014 after earlier defeating incumbent David Dewhurst for his party's nomination. Patrick also has hosted a daily talk show on AM700 in Houston.
Date: April 28, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: bankruptcy;candidate biography
Context: a mailer to voters
Fact-check justification: Patrick said "PolitiFact Texas gave" the Dewhurst TV ad "a ‘’ rating as an outrageous lie." We didn’t rate the overall ad emphasizing Patrick’s past financial difficulties. Rather, we rated one of its claims  and another  . We rate Patrick’s statement, which overstates our findings, as .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Photo shows Whoopi Goldberg wearing a shirt insulting Donald Trump.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 26, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "I need to clear up a lie that was posted online this morning," she said on the show. "A photo of me at the Women’s March has been Photoshopped to show me wearing an offensive shirt against you know who. "  The show cuts to side-by-side images showing the original photo of Goldberg and the edited photo.   "Even though I don’t care for this man, I would never wear the shirt that’s there," she says. We rate this Facebook post !