chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Virginia's banning of felons from voting is a "Jim Crow-era law.
Speaker: levar stoney
About the speaker: Levar Stoney is a 2016 candidate for mayor of Richmond.
Stoney was appointed Secretary of the Commonwealth in 2014 by Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe. He resigned the post in April 2016 to run for mayor. Prior to that, he served as executive director of the Virginia Democratic Party and worked in a number of campaigns.
Stoney was born in 1981 in New York and later moved to Yorktown, Va. He graduated from James Madison University in 2004, where he was president of the student government.
 
Date: May 17, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: civil rights;history
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Stoney said Virginia’s banning of felons from voting is a "Jim Crow-era law." The ban was written into Virginia’s constitution in 1830, almost a half-century before the era began. Only white men could vote then, so contrary to Stoney’s assertion, the law couldn’t have been designed to keep blacks from voting. The ban was retained in redrafts of Virginia’s constitution that were adopted during and after Jim Crow days. We rate Stoney’s statement .
Statement: Starbucks CEO: 'If You Support Traditional Marriage We Don't Want Your Business'
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 23, 2017
Topics: corporations;lgbtq;marriage;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A headline stated, "Starbucks CEO: ‘If You Support Traditional Marriage We Don’t Want Your Business.’" This is a  that has circulated since 2013. At an annual meeting for company shareholders, Strobhar said the company’s support for same-sex marriage was eroding its bottom line, which prompted Schultz to defend his decision. Schultz said Strobhar was free to sell his Starbucks stocks and invest in another company if he believed the company’s social policies meant he could get a better return on his money elsewhere. He did not say opponents of same-sex marriage were not wanted as investors or as customers. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Jill McCabe "supports late term abortions. Larger baby parts are more profitable.
Speaker: dick black
About the speaker: Dick Black, R-Loudoun, is a retired Army colonel who was elected to the Virginia Senate in 2011. Prior to that, he served in the House of Delegates from 1998-2006. 
Date: August 4, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Sen. Dick Black says McCabe, "supports late term abortions. Larger baby parts are more profitable." McCabe indicates she supports late term abortions in instances when it is "in the best health interest" of the mother or child. She says she opposes the sale of fetal tissue for profit. Black links McCabe’s qualified support for late term abortions to what he says is an effort to profit from the sale of "large baby parts."  In effect, he’s accusing his opponent of supporting an illegal practice because U.S. law bans the sale of fetal tissue for profit. It’s incumbent of Black to prove his inflammatory  and he offers nothing but speculation. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says there's "up to 75% reduction in opioid dosage for medical cannabis users.
Speaker: lyle larson
About the speaker: Lyle Larson was elected to the Texas legislature in 2010 as a Republican representing the San Antonio area. He formerly served on the San Antonio City Council and on the Bexar County Commissioners Court.
Date: November 12, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: public health;marijuana
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: "Anxiety and pain management for veterans and elderly folks in lieu of opioids was Rep. Larson's motivation to file the legislation." Larson filed legislation earlier this month aimed at expanding the use of medical cannabis by giving physicians the authority to prescribe cannabis based on their own expertise. In a tweet, Larson justified his bill by saying that medical cannabis can help chronic pain patients reduce opioid dosage by up to 75%. Preliminary studies suggest a correlation between medical cannabis usage and a reduction in opioid dosage, but researchers note the results are inconclusive and more rigorous testing should be done to know the full effects of medical cannabis on opioid dosage. We rate this  .
Statement: The Paul Ryan budget proposal would leave the country "without Medicare.
Speaker: the agenda project
About the speaker: The Agenda Project is a liberal advocacy group.
Date: May 17, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care;medicare
Context: an advertisement
Fact-check justification: In these budget-challenging times, it is critical to examine what we value most, and which of those things that we value are actually critical to our national pride, indeed to our identity. ... A lawmaker who believes our country is as ‘beautiful’ without Medicare would probably be more likely to support gutting the program to a shadow of its former self." We understand her argument, but we think a reasonable viewer -- especially having just "seen" an old lady being dumped over a cliff -- would take away a more concrete meaning to the question, namely that the Ryan plan ends Medicare. Because we found other problems in the DCCC ad that we did not find in the Agenda Project ad, we’re not giving this particular  a  rating. But the notion that the Paul Ryan budget proposal would leave the country "without Medicare" merits a rating of .
Statement: Says a photo shows Patrick Mahomes wearing a shirt that says, "The Great State of Kansas.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 5, 2020
Location: missouri
Topics: sports
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: No states are pictured.   "Let the victory tour begin," tweeted his agent, Jacquelyn Dahl. "First stop: Disney World." In another photo Dahl posted, Mahomes is posing with Chewbacca.   We rate this Facebook post !
Statement: Wisconsin's new state budget includes "a 15 percent increase for road construction and yet we've got local towns tearing up" paved roads and replacing them with gravel.
Speaker: mike mccabe
About the speaker: Mike McCabe, of Madison, is running for the Democratic nomination for governor of Wisconsin in 2018. He was executive director of the non-profit Wisconsin Democracy Campaign, which tracks money in state politics.
Date: September 17, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: campaign finance;state budget;transportation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: McCabe relied on a budget proposal document that didn’t spell out the full amounts spent on highways. State spending on highways in the new budget is actually down slightly from the previous one. McCabe also relied on a statement by a towns association official who could cite only one example of a paved road being converted to gravel -- and that occurred years before Walker was elected governor. The other experts we consulted said there is no trend in communities tearing up pavement and putting gravel in its place. We rate McCabe’s statement .
Statement: Congress has spent 66 of the first 100 days of this term in recess.
Speaker: john barrow
About the speaker: U.S. Rep John Barrow represents Georgia's 12th Congressional District.
Date: April 5, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: congress
Context: a letter
Fact-check justification: Ornstein offered another reason members of Congress, regardless of party affiliation, may want to spend less time in session: It’s tougher to raise the large sums of money now necessary to stay in office, and being in session takes time away from fundraising. To sum up, Barrow said Congress spent 66 of the first 100 days of the current session in recess. There were a few additional days the House was in session, albeit very, very short meetings. With that bit of context, we believe Barrow’s  is .
Statement: We Really Do Have the Highest Corporate Tax Rate in the World.
Speaker: the tax foundation
About the speaker: According to its website, the Tax Foundation is a non-profit begun in 1937 with a mission "to educate taxpayers about sound tax policy and the size of the tax burden borne by Americans at all levels of government. From its founding in 1937, the Tax Foundation has been grounded in the belief that the dissemination of basic information about government finance is the foundation of sound policy in a free society."
Date: April 12, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Morrison said the information McCaul used appeared to be up to date. To sum up, the Tax Foundation said the United States has the highest corporate taxes in the world. The organization did mention the debate about where the U.S. stands if you consider effective rates. Some say that context lowers America’s standing from Numero Uno, but not by much. We rate this  .
Statement: The United States has "the highest corporate tax rate in the free world.
Speaker: eric bolling
About the speaker: Eric Bolling is a conservative political commentator. He is a former Fox News host.
Date: September 1, 2014
Topics: corporations;taxes;punditfact
Context: a discussion on Fox News' "The Five"
Fact-check justification: Bolling said the United States has "the highest corporate tax rate in the free world." He was referring to the statutory rate, meaning the rate before deductions. On that score, he’s right: The United States does have the highest statutory rate among developed countries. However, the United States’ corporate tax rate doesn’t appear to be the highest once deductions and other exclusions are taken into account. So Bolling is correct by one valid definition. Because his statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, we rate his  .
Statement: On Medicare for current retirees, he's cutting $716 billion from the program.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 3, 2012
Location: national
Topics: debates;medicare
Context: a presidential debate
Fact-check justification:     Romney said, "on Medicare for current retirees, (Obama) is cutting $716 billion from the program." That amount -- $716 billion -- refers to Obamacare’s reductions in Medicare spending over 10 years, primarily paid to insurers and hospitals. But the statement gives the impression that the law takes money already allocated to Medicare away from current recipients.     We rate his statement .
Statement: For the first time in over 40 years, Republicans don't hold a single statewide office" in Virginia.
Speaker: ed gillespie
About the speaker: Ed Gillespie is a Republican strategist who currently runs the firm Ed Gillespie Strategies. He served as counselor to former President George W. Bush. Gillespie has announced he will run for Virginia governor in 2017. He narrowly lost a 2014 bid for the U.S. Senate to Democrat Mark Warner.
Date: April 30, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: elections;history
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Gillespie said this is the first time in more than 40 years that a Republican doesn’t hold a single statewide office. Actually, you have to go back almost 47 years to find the last time the GOP didn’t hold at least one statewide seat. We rate Gillespie’s  .
Statement: The U.S. left the Taliban an "arsenal" in Afghanistan, including 358,530 assault rifles and 22,174 Humvees.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 29, 2021
Topics: afghanistan;foreign policy;military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral image claims that the U.S. left the Taliban an "arsenal" in Afghanistan, including 358,530 assault rifles and 22,174 Humvees.   An unknown amount of usable military weaponry and equipment was left behind following the U.S. departure from Afghanistan, but no accounting has been made. Figures cited in the image are dated, including some that count weapons or equipment that was brought to Afghanistan over more than a decade. The post contains an element of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .  PolitiFact staff researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: Mail-in voting requires no signature verification.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 19, 2021
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post suggests that mail-in voting requires no signature verification. As a blanket statement nationwide, that’s . In 2020, 31 states required signature verification for mail in voting. The other states take other steps to ensure the security of mail in voting, starting with the voter registration process.  We rate this statement .  RELATED: Fact-checking a  post on ID requirements for buying guns, voting
Statement: Photo shows CNN chyron about Afghanistan that says, "Violent but mostly peaceful transfer of power.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 15, 2021
Topics: afghanistan;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Fiery but  peaceful protests after police shooting," the chyron said. Oscar Jimenez, a national correspondent for CNN then reporting from Kenosha, was standing in front of the orange glow of flames at night as the chyron appeared on the screen.   "What you’re seeing now, these images, came and come in stark contrast to what we saw over the course of the daytime hours in Kenosha and into the early evening, which were largely peaceful demonstrations in the face of law enforcement," Jimenez said on the broadcast.   The screenshot from that broadcast is what’s being shared now on social media — only the background showing Kenosha has been replaced with what looks like a scene from Kabul.   We rate this post .
Statement: Veterans should vote Republican "because the damn Democrats blocked the VA Healthcare bill again.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 4, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Democrats made nearly half the winning votes. The "Nay" votes were cast by two Democrats, two Republicans and one Independent. In short, precisely two thirds of the Democrats in Congress voted for the bill. To make the  that "Democrats blocked the VA healthcare bill" strikes us a meme malpractice. We rate that  !
Statement: Smoking in cars with children is illegal starting January 30, 2018.
Speaker: lovethispic.com
About the speaker: Lovethispic.com is a blog that allows users to share images.
Date: February 3, 2018
Topics: fake news;public health;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: The lovethispic blog appears to recycle a similar story from 2016 , Snopes found. We emailed the lovethispic blog and did not hear a reply. The headline "smoking in cars with children is illegal starting January 30, 2018" is  because it could lead readers to believe that a national ban started in January. In reality, the Alabama House did pass such a ban on Jan. 30, but it’s not state law yet. We rate this statement .
Statement: Sixty-four members of Congress — Republicans and Democrats — have broken a law to stop insider stock trading, yet Washington refuses to do anything about it.
Speaker: cheri beasley
About the speaker: Cheri Beasley, a former chief justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court, is running for U.S. Senate.
Date: August 2, 2022
Location: north carolina
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Beasley said 64 members of Congress "have broken a law intended to stop insider stock trading, yet Washington refuses to do anything about it." More than 70 members of Congress have filed financial disclosures late, apparently violating the STOCK Act. However, Beasley’s ad glosses over the fact that most of those lawmakers are accused of filing late reports — not insider trading — and that they are subject to fees if they violate the law. Her statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Your family" will pay $2,500 "after Kara Eastman eliminates your tax cut.
Speaker: congressional leadership fund
About the speaker: The Congressional Leadership Fund is a super PAC exclusively dedicated to protecting and strengthening the Republican Majority in the House of Representatives.
Date: September 4, 2018
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: A campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The  that Eastman will raise taxes on "your family" by $2,500 is based on a generalization in a single article that could be open to interpretation. It need not be viewed in isolation, because a body of interviews and statements exists that show more specifically what Eastman would do. She would raise rates on the wealthy. She has not spoken of raising rates on the middle class. We rate the  .
Statement: A fake Nancy Pelosi said she won't seek the speaker position again because the real Pelosi was arrested in 2021.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 17, 2022
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The "New Nancy" photo was posted on Twitter by CBS News reporter Cristina Corujo on March 1, 2022, during the State of the Union address.   Both photos are of Pelosi — not an impersonator.   Another photo in the post is described as showing marshals "arresting Pelosi from the Congress" and taking her to a "secret location. "  In reality, the image , taken by Associated Press Photographer J. Scott Applewhite, shows Pelosi returning "to her leadership office after opening debate on the impeachment" of then-President Donald Trump on July 13, 2021.   We rate this post !
Statement: All Citizens Who Want to Receive Gvt Benefits Must Agree to Be Microchipped in the Near Future
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 12, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: … If Americans are serious about holding on to our Fourth Amendment right to privacy, then these are questions that we should all demand be answered before more advancements in microchip technology are made," the post said. It’s not the first time we’ve fact-checked claims about governments microchipping their citizenry. We’ve rated as  another  giving the  impression that the Australian government is implanting microchips in its citizens. Anti News Network published a headline that’s inconsistent with its own story and not supported by facts. We rate Anti News Network’s statement .
Statement: Says Sen. Kamala Harris said Democrats are "coming for" Trump supporters if they win the White House in 2020.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 29, 2019
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We could find no  that Harris ever made such a speech. While the Bustatroll.org story includes several disclosures that its content is satirical, the Facebook post does not. Commenters took the quote at face value. The Facebook post is  and makes a  . We rate it !
Statement: Over half the people on disability are either anxious or their back hurts.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: January 14, 2015
Location: national
Topics: disability
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Paul said, "Over half the people on disability are either anxious or their back hurts." The numbers don’t add up. The two broader disability categories that include back pain ("diseases of the musculoskeletal system") and anxiety disorders ("mental disorders - other") don’t even equal close to 50 percent, let alone those two ailments by themselves. Paul’s quip might make for a good soundbite, but it’s not rooted in reality. We rate the statement .
Statement: Since Scott Walker has been our governor, we've gone from 50 percent state funding for the" University of Wisconsin System "to 15 percent.
Speaker: tony evers
About the speaker: Tony Evers, a Democrat, was elected Wisconsin governor in November 2018. His term begins in January 2019. Evers has served as the Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction, a non-partisan position, since 2009. He previously worked as a teacher and school district administrator.
Date: July 22, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a candidates forum
Fact-check justification: Our rating Evers said: "Since Scott Walker has been our governor, we’ve gone from 50 percent state funding for the" University of Wisconsin System "to 15 percent." The gap is much narrower. State funding made up about 21 percent, not 50 percent, of the UW Systems’s operating budget when Walker took office. It’s now at 17 percent, not 15 percent. We rate Evers’ statement .