chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Chelsea Clinton tweeted, "The more I hear about Bill Gates behavior the more ashamed for him I feel. What kind of man pursues a physical relationship with an underling and has relations with her in their office???
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 21, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  We also looked more broadly online for credible  that Clinton sent this tweet and we found none. Ordinarily if someone tweets something and then deletes it, there are still traces of the scrubbed message in Google search results, but that’s not the case here.   Doctored tweets are not uncommon. If a public figure like Clinton had actually said this about Gates, someone she has praised in the past, it would likely have drawn widespread news coverage but, like the tweet, that doesn’t exist either.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says Pat McCrory "shepherded in driver's licenses for illegal aliens in the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
Speaker: michelle malkin
About the speaker: Malkin is a prominent conservative blogger and pundit
Date: September 10, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: immigration
Context: an appearance on The Ingraham Angle
Fact-check justification: Michelle Malkin said former Republican Governor Pat McCrory "shepherded in driver’s licenses for illegal aliens in the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks." For the most part, her  isn’t supported by the facts. North Carolina hasn’t allowed unauthorized immigrants to get driver’s licenses since 2006, when a Democratic governor signed an act requiring driver’s license applicants to provide a valid Social Security Number. We found widely varying estimates on the number of people living in North Carolina illegally who are currently ineligible for driver’s licenses. Although North Carolina decided to allow DACA recipients to access driver’s licenses during McCrory’s tenure as governor, he said he followed that "reluctantly" and did not support making the larger population of immigrants living here illegally eligible for driver’s licenses.  We rate the  . Editor's note: This item has been updated with comments from former Gov. Pat McCrory.
Statement: Some of our state's educational administrators joined the feds in seeking to mandate Arabic classes for Texas children.
Speaker: chuck norris
About the speaker: Chuck Norris starred as Walker in the TV series "Walker, Texas Ranger." Texas Gov. Rick Perry designated him an honorary member of the law enforcement agency in December 2010.
Date: February 14, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: an opinion column
Fact-check justification: Nor does there appear to be proof that federal and school district officials are teaming up to impose that mandate on students in general. Still, Norris’ statement contains an element of . We rate the statement .      Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: Says Sen. Sherrod Brown voted to keep "an extreme, job-killing Internal Revenue Service paperwork mandate.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: November 30, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: jobs;voting record;taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: You don’t have to agree with them, or to like Brown’s position or the Baucus amendment. But by saying Brown "voted in favor of an extreme, job-killing paperwork mandate," the NRSC  that single vote, distorts its context and ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. One more critical fact: Brown separately co-sponsored the Small Business Paperwork Relief Act, another potential bill by Baccus to get rid of the paperwork requirement, on Nov. 18, 11 days before the vote on which he was slammed. We’d rule the NRSC’s   but for the fact that Brown did cast a "no" vote on the Johanns amendment. But with so much context missing, the -o-Meter’s arrow stays in the low range: .
Statement: Trump just gave every working, legal man, woman and child in the USA $612 each!
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 14, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: The  stories originate from a Feb. 14, 2017, article on TheLastLineOfDefense.org. The site doesn’t indicate the story is , but the About Us link notes that "all articles should be considered satirical and any and all quotes attributed to actual people complete and total baloney." Sorry to say, you won’t be getting a check in the mail on Friday, despite what the story says. We rate this  ! https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/95f0856b-3b89-4939-8460-20a460330d05
Statement: President Obama is actually increasing Bush-era defense spending by $21 billion in the new fiscal year.
Speaker: keith olbermann
About the speaker: Keith Olbermann is the host of Countdown with Keith Olbermann on MSNBC.
Date: April 8, 2009
Location: national
Topics: military;pundits
Context: an episode of his TV program
Fact-check justification: There are lots of ways to calculate how much the nation spends on defense, and some methods can be skewed if you include the cost for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. So we think Olbermann was on pretty solid footing when he cited the budget numbers for base defense spending. But there's an important caveat because the 2010 cost may include things that weren't part of the 2009 number. We can't know exactly how much of that has happened because the administration has not released a detailed budget yet. So for now, we rule Olbermann's comment .
Statement: Elon Musk tweeted that he "just downloaded Threads" and it "sucks.
Speaker: threads posts
About the speaker: Posters on Threads, an app developed by Instagram for sharing text updates.
Date: July 5, 2023
Topics: fake news
Context: a Threads post
Fact-check justification: Musk replied to more tweets about Threads, including one about what Twitter’s legal team called the "systematic, willful, and unlawful misappropriation of Twitter’s trade secrets and other intellectual property." Musk wrote , "Competition is fine, cheating is not." Although some reported on Musk’s response to Threads, no one cited as legitimate the exchange mentioned in this altered image. PolitiFact reached out to the Threads user who posted the photo, but did not hear back. We rate the  that Musk tweeted that he downloaded Threads and said it "sucks" .
Statement: If you buy, you know, a box of cereal, if you do anything, you have a voter ID. … The only thing you don't is if you're a voter of the United States.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 14, 2018
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: an interview with the Daily Caller
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "If you buy, you know, a box of cereal, if you do anything, you have a voter ID. … The only thing you don’t is if you’re a voter of the United States." Anyone can buy a box of cereal with cash, ID-free, and in most cases they could pay for it with a credit or debit card without having to flash an ID, either. Meanwhile, many voters across the country do have to show an ID at the polls, contrary to Trump’s suggestion. The statement is , so we rate it .
Statement: Says in the governor's proposed budget "the use of that, what is called one-shots, is a 500 percent increase over the last Corzine budget.
Speaker: john burzichelli
About the speaker: John Burzichelli is a Democratic assemblyman who represents parts of Cumberland, Gloucester and Salem counties. He also serves as the Assembly's deputy speaker.
Date: March 28, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: state budget
Context: an interview on NJTV
Fact-check justification: Burzichelli said the reliance on one-time revenues in the governor’s proposed budget is a "500 percent increase over the last Corzine budget." That’s roughly correct for a particular type of one-shots that includes money diverted from dedicated funds. But the assemblyman doesn’t make that clear and the state relies on hundreds of millions of dollars in other one-time revenue-generating measures. And, in total, Christie is using less one-time revenue than Corzine.   Burzichelli’s  has a hint of  but cherry-picks statistics and ignores critical context. We rate it . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Death penalty opponents like Roy Cooper and Josh Stein have imposed a de-facto moratorium on capital punishment.
Speaker: phil berger
About the speaker: Phil Berger is a Republican from Eden and the president pro tempore of the North Carolina Senate.
Date: December 8, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: criminal justice;death penalty
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: In the Dec. 8 joint statement with Moore, Berger said Cooper and Stein oppose the death penalty and have used "every legal trick possible – including inaction – to delay death sentences." Berger’s office provided no  showing that Cooper and Stein have sided with death penalty opponents in court. Rather, Berger pointed to Stein’s vote on one bill and, in a vague , said the duo should’ve pressured the courts to expedite their review of death penalty cases. It’s fair to criticize how Cooper and Stein spend their resources and tie Stein to the Racial Justice Act. But those arguments alone don’t prove that they oppose the death penalty or have used legal "tricks" to delay executions. We rate this  .
Statement: Says that since 1975, redistricting by Texas lawmakers has always been found in violation of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act.
Speaker: trey martinez fischer
About the speaker: Trey Martinez Fischer, a Democratic member of the Texas House, chairs the Mexican American Legislative Caucus. He is a San Antonio lawyer.
Date: February 25, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: history;redistricting
Context: the Texas House Speaker’s Committee Room
Fact-check justification: Martinez Fischer said that since Texas was placed under Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act in 1975, the Texas Legislature has never gone through redistricting without violating it. We see a reasonable basis for this  in that Section 5 objections have been lodged by federal authorities in every once-a-decade round of redistricting since then. Still, three initial redistricting plans won preclearance and one plan survived through its decade unscathed by the Justice Department or federal courts. In these ways, "never" is , rendering the  partially accurate. We rate it .
Statement: A chart on Arctic sea ice provides evidence that Al Gore was wrong when he said in 2009 that the north polar ice cap would lose all of its ice "within the next five to seven years.
Speaker: alex epstein
About the speaker: Alex Epstein is the founder and president of the Center for Industrial Progress, a for-profit think-tank. 
Date: May 5, 2023
Topics: climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post quote mocked Gore’s 2009 comments about sea ice disappearing with a chart showing ice in the Arctic Sea still existing. Gore’s quote and the sea ice chart are genuine, but they have no relation to each other.  The European agency behind the chart said its use in the Facebook post is , as it’s more focused on sea ice growth during the winter. Gore’s comments dealt with the complete disappearance of ice during the summer.  The post also neglected another chart from the agency that shows Arctic sea ice has been on the decline for the last several decades — although not as drastic as Gore claimed. The  is partially accurate but omits critical details. We rate it .
Statement: Says David Perdue "hasn't held a single public town hall meeting in six years" and "sells four meetings a year and a retreat on a private island for a $7,500 corporate PAC check.
Speaker: jon ossoff
About the speaker: Jon Ossoff, a Democrat, is a U.S. Senator from Georgia. Ossoff is a former aide to Rep. Hank Johnson, D-Ga.
Date: December 6, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Ossoff said Perdue "hasn't held a single public town hall meeting in six years" and "sells four meetings a year and a retreat on a private island for a $7,500 corporate PAC check." Perdue’s office said the senator has held weekly conference calls with constituents. But we found no  that Perdue has held a town hall — a meeting publicized in advance, open to the public and allowing the public to ask him unscreened questions — since he took office in January 2015. An invitation to a 2019 campaign fundraising event for Perdue offered political action committees that made an annual donation of $7,500 access to an annual retreat at Perdue’s residence in a private community on St. Simons Island, Ga., as well as access to  quarterly meetings and other events, though it was not clear whether Perdue himself would attend each event. We rate the statement . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Says opponent Kathie Tovo "believes that Austin invests too much in the cops, firefighters and paramedics that protect our families and neighborhoods.
Speaker: randi shade
About the speaker: Randi Shade, elected to the Austin City Council in 2008, did not win re-election in 2011. She's the former founding executive director of the Texas Commission on Volunteerism & Community Service, according to information on her campaign website.
Date: May 18, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: city budget;city government;public safety
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Tovo says in a more recent campaign mailer: "I will not cut police, paramedics or firefighters." So, Tovo seeks to corral public-safety contracts, but would not cut police, paramedics or firefighter jobs. That’s like having it both ways. Then again, by basing her  solely on Tovo’s questionnaire, Shade ignores her opponent’s subsequent comments. We rate Shade’s statement .
Statement: Says Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam said, 'You will give up your guns, if you don't I'll have the National Guard cut your power, your phone lines, and your internet. Then, if you still refuse to comply I'll have you killed.'
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 25, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The bill would expand the definition of "assault weapon" in the state and make possession of any such weapon a felony.   But there’s no  that Northam would order the National Guard to cut off power, phone lines and internet or otherwise punish those who disobey any ban that takes effect. The ban does not spell out how it would deal with firearms that Virginians already own, and Northam told reporters on Dec. 11 that the state is "not going to take people’s guns away. "  Northam has said he would call on law enforcement to enforce the bill, and he has also pushed back on resolutions that would make certain cities "Second Amendment sanctuaries. "  We rate the Facebook post !
Statement: Missouri Votes to Let Employers Fire People Who Use Birth Control.
Speaker: feministing
About the speaker: Feministing is an online community run by and for young feminists. 
Date: June 21, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: health care;legal issues;women;workers
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: Elizabeth Sepper, a professor of law at Washington University, said in an email that no matter what Missouri does,  federal law bars  an employer with 15 or more employees from discriminating against employees based on their reproductive choices, such as taking contraception. Even with the passing of the bill, Sepper said St. Louis’ city ordinance still prevents employers from firing employees who use birth control, and SB 5 doesn’t affect that protection. A columnist for Feministing claimed that SB 5 will allow employers to fire their workers for using birth control. While the bill will impose higher level of restrictions on abortion providers and allow real estate agents to refuse to sell or rent them land, the bill does not say employers can fire workers for using contraceptives. We rate this  .
Statement: President Barack Obama "reduced the cost of prescription drugs for nearly 3.6 million Americans in 2011.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: March 20, 2012
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicare;message machine 2012
Context: a web video ad
Fact-check justification: Obama’s campaign ad credits the president, by fighting for and signing the health care law, with reducing the cost of prescription drugs for nearly 3.6 million Americans in 2011. The law is saving Medicare beneficiaries money by phasing out the coverage gap, or doughnut hole. It accomplishes that by requiring discounts from drug companies and by providing subsidies in increasing amounts until the gap is eliminated. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid said about 3.6 million people saved about $2.1 billion on drugs in 2011. The  holds up. We rate it .
Statement: Says Bill Gates is linked to the discovery of vials labeled "smallpox" at Pennsylvania lab.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 16, 2021
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post suggests there’s a link between a Bill Gates interview where he mentions possible smallpox attacks and the discovery of vials labeled "smallpox" in a lab freezer in Pennsylvania a week later. There is no  linking the two, and the Gates interview was taken out of context in the headline used in the post. Gates did not warn of a smallpox attack. He simply said there was a need to prepare for the next pandemic, which could happen from a bioterror attack, using a smallpox attack at airports as one example. We rate this  .
Statement: Donald Trump is an "affirmative action advocate.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: June 29, 2023
Location: national
Topics: education;supreme court;florida
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In a tweet, DeSantis’ campaign labeled Trump an "affirmative action advocate." Trump expressed support for affirmative action during a 2015 "Meet the Press" interview. But focusing on the interview ignores what has transpired since, including actions Trump’s presidential administration took to oppose affirmative action. And Trump appointed three justices to the Supreme Court who signed on to the June 29 majority opinion that overturned the policy. Trump also applauded the Supreme Court ruling in a June 29  Social post. The statement contains an element of  but ignores facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: [E]mployment in Gwinnett is up more than 3 percent over last year, and unemployment is the lowest of the five core metro counties.
Speaker: charlotte nash
About the speaker: Charlotte Nash, a Republican, is a candidate for chair of Gwinnett County Board of Commissioners
Date: February 15, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: The communications staff ultimately changed it in the speech to "more than 3 percent." Nash’s staff was unaware of the error until contacted by PolitiFact Georgia. "It’s one of those silly things that I hope doesn’t reflect on a really good chair," Sorenson said. Nash’s first statement was accurate, but the second part was not because of the editing error. We rate her statement .
Statement: Repealing the health care law "would save $95 billion in 2016.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: November 4, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care
Context: USA Today
Fact-check justification: If Romney had only criticized the law as an expansion of government spending, he would have been on firmer ground. Instead, he asserted that a repeal of the law would save significant money -- $95 billion. In fact, the law included new taxes and cost reductions so that the actual savings for the year he cited would be much smaller -- $16 billion. And, over the long haul, repealing the law actually adds significantly to the deficit. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Eight million Americans have dropped out of the work force since (Barack) Obama became president. ... The real unemployment rate is 19 percent.
Speaker: restore our future
About the speaker: Restore Our Future is a super PAC run by supporters of Mitt Romney.
Date: September 19, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;message machine 2012
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: But it’s not, as the ad claimed, 19 percent. Our rating Restore Our Future’s ad spotlights a reasonable attempt to quantify some of the hidden victims of today’s weak labor market. But due to errors of concept and calculation, the final numbers cited in the ad are too high. A more accurate measure of workforce dropouts due to the weak job market is 4.6 million, not 8 million, and what the ad would call the "real" unemployment rate is actually about 16 percent, not 19 percent. We rate the ad’s  .