chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Gov. John Kasich can remove the president of the State Board of Education.
Speaker: chris redfern
About the speaker: Chris Redfern is chairman of the Ohio Democratic Party, a post he has held since December 2005.
Date: January 23, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: education;guns
Context: a press statement
Fact-check justification: Redfern's statement that Kasich "has a duty to remove" her, however, means that Kasich has the power to do so. The Democratic Party spokesman, explaining Redfern’s remarks, said the call for Terhar’s resignation or removal extended only to her position as school board president, not as a board member. That’s an important distinction. He acknowledged that Kasich does not have statutory control over the Board of Education, but he accurately cited Kasich’s forcing out of a state school superintendent as a demonstration of the governor’s power over the board. We rate Redfern’s statement as .
Statement: The U.S. Senate has "one manufacturer — that'd be me.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: September 6, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;congress
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: But it has been shown by the Brookings Institution that an increasing number of so-called "career politicians" are serving in both the Senate and the Congress when the term is defined as someone whose previous jobs included at least one in politics or public policy. Our rating Johnson said he is the only manufacturer in Senate, among many lawyers. Based solely on the brief biographies posted online, his statement is accurate. But other sources suggest there were some details left out: He counted law school grads instead of those who reported careers in law and he overlooked a colleague whose business career centered around manufacturing. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, we rate the  .
Statement: By the time I finish this speech, two Americans will be slain, six women will be raped, 27 of us will be robbed, and 50 more will be beaten.
Speaker: wayne lapierre
About the speaker: Wayne LaPierre is executive vice president of the National Rifle Association.
Date: April 14, 2012
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;crime
Context: a speech to a national meeting of the National Rifle Association
Fact-check justification: Overall, LaPierre’s estimate was fairly accurate. He was very close with assaults, and off by just 10 percent for rape and 16 percent for robbery. But he offered a rate of killing that was twice as high as the actual rate. On balance, we rate his statement . UPDATE : After our story came out, the National Rifle Association got back to us. A spokesman explained that the  "two Americans will be slain" during the speech had been calculated by adding the FBI figure for murder and non-negligent manslaughter (14,748) to the number killed in alcohol-impaired-driving crashes in 2010 as reported by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (10,228). Rounded up, that equals two deaths during the period of the speech. However, we aren’t convinced by the methodology. The NHTSA data for 2010 includes 3,601 people who were passengers in the drunk driver’s car, occupants of other cars on the road, or bystanders. That’s only about one-third of the total fatalities. The majority of deaths in such crashes -- 6,627 -- are of the alcohol-impaired driver. We don’t think deaths of alcohol-impaired drivers fit the definition of "slain," unless you also include suicides more generally, which as we noted above would make LaPierre’s estimate significantly lower than the actual number. On balance, we are sticking with our ruling of .
Statement: Says "your Legislative Assembly was within one vote of enacting each of those bills into Oregon law.
Speaker: doug whitsett
About the speaker: Sen. Doug Whitsett, a former veterinarian, owns two small farms in the Klamath Basin, which breed and raise European Warmblood Horses for dressage and jumping. He is past president of the Oregon Veterinary Medical Association. He represents Senate District 28, Klamath Falls.
Date: August 16, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: guns
Context: a guest column
Fact-check justification: "The other ones would have had a little tougher time."    Whitsett said that gun-control advocates were within "one vote of enacting each" of the seven bills into law. Had he focused on Senate Bill 700 specifically, we might be inclined to agree. But some of the other bills did not even receive a hearing and there is no guarantee that others would have passed in the Senate, let alone received the 31 votes needed in the House.    We rate this  .
Statement: 70 percent of the people who voted" on June 5, 2012, "just didn't feel comfortable with the recall of the governor," weakening any idea that Wisconsin is "fully behind this Walker agenda.
Speaker: peter barca
About the speaker:  
Peter Barca, a Kenosha native and Democrat, has served two stints in the state Assembly. He was first elected in 1984 before resigning after winning a U.S. House seat in 1993. He served one term in Congress, losing re-election to Mark Neumann. Barca served in various governmental and private-sector posts before winning election to the Assembly in 2008. He was elected Minority Leader of the Assembly Democrats in 2011.
 
Date: June 8, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;polls and public opinion;voting record
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Barca reasonable constructs the figure from a widely cited exit poll. Given the negative attitudes toward the recall election, he’s on safe ground. But there’s not enough information to judge the piece of Barca’s statement about the meaning of the anti-recall sentiments. And the exit poll question that comes closest provides murky results at best. We rate his  .
Statement: The coronavirus "snuck up on us," adding that it is "a very unforeseen thing.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 18, 2020
Location: national
Topics: public health;health check;coronavirus
Context: comments made during a White House media briefing
Fact-check justification: President Donald Trump said COVID-19 "snuck up on us," and was "a very unforeseen thing." In fact, the president heard warnings about this specific virus from his advisers and the global health community for months. And public health and national security experts had been highlighting the risks for even longer about the threat of some kind of pandemic – even if the details weren’t yet known. Indeed, it is because of Trump’s slow response to the pandemic that "social distancing" is now required at such a large-scale level. Earlier, more focused testing and sequestering of people with the virus could have mitigated some of the response now required, experts told us. Trump’s  is , and in fact flies in the face of years’ worth of . We rate it .
Statement: Under Terry McAuliffe (there was a) record investment in education.
Speaker: terry mcauliffe
About the speaker: Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat, was elected governor of Virginia on Nov. 5, 2013. He received 47.8 percent of the vote in defeating Republican Ken Cuccinelli, who came in at 45.2 percent. Robert Sarvis, a Libertarian, finished a distant third with 6.5 percent.
McAuliffe's inaguration as Virginia's 72nd governor is scheduled on Jan. 11, 2014.
McAuliffe, a wealthy businessman and noted political fundraiser, was co-chairman of President Bill Clinton's 1996 reelection campaign. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2005 and chairman of Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, McAuliffe unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Virginia governor.
McAuliffe was born in Syracuse, N.Y., on Feb. 9, 1957. He has a bachelor's degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. McAuliffe has lived in Fairfax County for more than 20 years, is married and has five children.
 
Date: July 21, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: McAuliffe’s ad says that under the former governor there was "a record investment in education." In raw dollars, McAuliffe did sign budgets during his last two years that set state records for overall education spending and per-student outlays. But for historical spending comparisons to have meaning, inflation must be considered. When it is, McAuliffe’s  comes up short. We rate McAuliffe’s statement .
Statement: Says Jon Ossoff "doesn't even live in (his) district.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 20, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: congress;elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said Ossoff doesn’t live in the 6th District. That is correct. Depending on how you map it, he lives about 2 to 6 miles either from the district or the neighborhood where he was raised. We rate this  .
Statement: Charlie Crist signed into law an automatic 15 percent annual tuition increase that put college further out of reach for many Floridians.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: March 26, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: education;state budget
Context: an email from his campaign
Fact-check justification: Scott’s campaign said in an email to reporters, "Charlie Crist signed into law an automatic 15 percent annual tuition increase." It’s  that Crist did sign a law allowing tuition increases, but they were neither automatic nor always 15 percent. The legislation allowed the Board of Governors to supplement whatever increase lawmakers provided in the state budget by increasing tuition up to a total of 15 percent. While the tuition differential was used to its fullest extent for several years, a Board of Governors vote was required each year. The governor has no say over what the board decides, but does pick the members. The amount by which the board has voted to change tuition has varied the past two years. The statement is partially accurate, but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: German chemist Andreas Noack was "assassinated just hours after publishing the secret of the vax by government operatives.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 3, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a public Facebook group
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that government agents murdered German chemist Andreas Noack after he revealed that Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine contains graphene. Pfizer’s vaccine doesn’t contain graphene. Noack’s partner said that he died from a heart attack, and Austrian police said that he died from natural causes. And the  alludes to a raid by government agents, but that raid occurred a year before Noack died. We rate the post .
Statement: 30,000 Arizonans may have no choice" on Affordable Care Act coverage.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: May 17, 2016
Location: arizona
Topics: health care
Context: a campaign advertisement
Fact-check justification: McCain’s campaign ad said, "30,000 Arizonans may have no choice" for Affordable Care Act coverage. The 30,000 number is just a snapshot of how many people have bought coverage through the exchange in those eight Arizona counties. That could change, plus it's based on months old data. But, the ad’s  is largely correct. In 2017, Blue Cross Blue Shield stands to be the lone health insurer for Arizonans seeking health insurance in those counties. We rate the ad’s  as .
Statement: Says Foxconn didn't keep a promise to build a plant in Pennsylvania because "Pennsylvania changed governors.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: July 28, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: corporations;jobs;states
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: But the record indicates that by the time the Democratic administration took over, little progress had been made more than a year after Foxconn and the GOP governor announced Foxconn’s plans. It's not as though there was a deal in place that fell apart after the election. Foxconn, meanwhile, has given explanations ranging from "material changes to the business and operating climate at that time," to Pennsylvania not making an economically viable to proposal to, reportedly, blaming Pennsylvania’s change in governors. In short, Walker’s statement contains an element of , but leaves out critical facts that would give a different impression -- our definition of . 5 fact checks on Foxconn and Wisconsin's $3 billion deal
Statement: Says there were "rumors floating around" that Chicago police union officials were "telling their officers, 'don't do anything. Over Memorial Day weekend, don't intercede. If you see some criminal activity, just lay back, do nothing.'
Speaker: lori lightfoot
About the speaker: Lori Lightfoot is the 56th mayor of Chicago. Prior to taking office in May 2019, she worked as an attorney and previously served as president of the Chicago Police Board, a civilian body responsible for deciding disciplinary matters involving allegations of police misconduct.
Date: May 30, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: public safety
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Lightfoot declared in a cable interview that she had heard a rumor about city police union officials "telling their officers, ‘Don’t do anything. Over Memorial Day weekend, don’t intercede. If you see some criminal activity, just lay back, do nothing.’" Despite acknowledging that the  she was sharing had not been verified, Lightfoot chose in her capacity as mayor to amplify it anyway. When we followed up, the mayor’s office would not tell us whom she heard it from beyond saying her source was someone in law enforcement. We also checked with the union’s leader and the Chicago alderman who chairs the city’s public safety committee, both of whom said they had no idea what she was referencing. Given that neither Lightfoot’s office nor our independent reporting was able to verify the rumor the mayor introduced into public discourse, we rate her  .   — The statement is not accurate. Click here  for more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Only 536 Georgians are signed up for Obamacare while 400,000 in the state lost their health insurance.
Speaker: lynn westmoreland
About the speaker: Rep. Lynn Westmoreland is a Republican from Georgia.
Date: November 14, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: About 400,000 Georgians have received notices warning their policies could be cancelled because they are not compliant with the federal law. Not all of them will go without insurance, officials explained. Westmoreland’s , like many concerning the health care law, is complicated. There’s some context that’s necessary to fully understand the situation some Georgians face as a result of the controversial law. Our rating: .
Statement: Scientists Claim to Spot Fungus Growing on Mars in NASA Rover Photos
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 6, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A paper published online has led to claims that there are mushrooms growing on Mars or proof of life on the red planet. "Growth, movement, alterations in location and shape, constitute behavior, and coupled with life-like morphology, strongly support the hypothesis there is life on Mars," the paper concluded.  Experts say that there is no substantiated  of life on Mars. They said there is "around zero" likelihood that the photos presented in the study actually reveal fungi growing on Mars, and noted that the features in the photos are "abiotic," or not derived from living organisms. We rate these claims .
Statement: Abigail Spanberger and other Democrats "voted to spend public funds on their political campaigns; up to $5 million...
Speaker: nick freitas
About the speaker: Republican Nick Freitas was first elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 2015. He represents the 30th District, comprising Madison, Orange and part of Culpeper Counties.
Freitas served in the Army Green Berets and served two tours in Iraq.  After his honorable discharge in 2009, he moved to Virginia and works as director of operations for a sevice disabled veteran owned company.
Freitas is seeking the 2020 Republican nomination for the Seventh District congressioanl set held by Democrat Abigail Spanberger. He unsuccessfully sought the GOP nomination for the U.S. Senate in 2018. He is married to Tina Freitas, a local Republican activist and state senate candidate in 2019. 
Date: October 8, 2020
Location: virginia
Topics: campaign finance;taxes
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Freitas’s ad says Spanberger and other Democrats "voted to spend public funds on their political campaigns; up to $5 million..."  The  refers to votes Spanberger and 233 of her Democratic House colleagues cast on March 8, 2019 for a bill that would provide a 6-to-1 match on small-dollar contributions to congressional candidates. Bloomberg News estimates candidates could receive as much as $5 million apiece in federal support. Although the bill would be a step towards public financing of congressional campaigns, Freitas glosses over some important details: Participation in the program would be optional, and against the interests of many Democratic and Republican candidates. To be eligible for the match, candidates would have to refuse aggregate contributions from any individual of  more than $1,000. The program would not receive tax dollars paid by individuals and households. It would be funded by a 2.75 percent surcharge on civil and criminal fines paid by banks and corporations. Freitas’s statement tells half the story, and we rate it .
Statement: Boston is just 60 minutes away and it's offering subsidies to developers who can charge higher rent than you can get in Providence while construction costs are more or less equal. As a result, the Boston skyline "is completely dominated by the cranes.
Speaker: david sweetser
About the speaker: David C. Sweetser is  the founder and principal of Massachusetts-based High Rock Development LLC. The company owns the Industrial National Bank Building in downtown Providence. 
Date: January 3, 2016
Location: rhode island
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: When he was asked why he needs public aid to do something with the Superman building, Sweetser pointed to the boom in Boston and cited a number of factors for it: Boston’s higher rents, comparable construction costs and subsidies. As a result, the Boston skyline is "completely dominated by cranes," Sweetser said. Because Sweetser wants subsidies and says he can’t begin work on the old Industrial National Bank Building without them, it’s hard not to focus on subsidies when thinking about the two cities, even though many projects in Boston aren’t getting them. He could have said more simply: Boston’s skyline is filled with cranes because its economy is booming. As a result, Boston rents, a reliable economic indicator, are appreciably higher than those in Providence. The Boston real estate market is responding to that demand with lots of new construction. We rate his  as .
Statement: Says he opposes statewide mask order because it would require him to "wear a mask in my house, or walking my dog.
Speaker: van wanggaard
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Sen. Van Wanggaard, R-Racine, was elected to the Senate in 2010. He lost his seat in a recall election in 2012, but won the seat back in a regular election in 2014. He is a retired traffic investigator with the Racine Police Department and a former member of the Racine County Board of Supervisors.
Date: July 30, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Wanggaard said he opposes statewide mask order because it would require him to "wear a mask in my house, or walking my dog." But an open outdoor area where a person would walk a dog isn’t within the requirements of the mandate, and the order has a specific exemption for private homes. We rate this  .
Statement: NASA faked footage of astronauts on the International Space Station.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 17, 2023
Topics: corrections and updates;fake news;space;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: We also rated  a statement that the station is only a television studio on Earth.  , too, was a  that video of a NASA astronaut on the space station was recorded in front of a green screen.   The faked footage  gets the same rating: . Correction, June 23, 2023:   The International Space Station has been crewed since 2000. A bullet point in the "If you're short on time" section had the  year in an earlier version of this fact-check.
Statement: The federal health care law raises taxes and cuts Medicare.
Speaker: scott brown
About the speaker: Scott Brown was elected a Republican U.S. senator from Massachusetts in 2010. He lost re-election in 2012 and subsequently became a political commentator for Fox News. In March 2014, Brown announced that he was considering entering the U.S. Senate race in New Hampshire.
Date: November 3, 2013
Topics: health care;medicare;taxes;punditfact
Context: comments on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Brown said Obamacare raises taxes and cuts Medicare, a two-pronged attack. The law definitely raises taxes. As to whether it cuts Medicare, that's a more complicated picture. The standard benefits for people on Medicare were largely left intact. The law does try to prod the health care industry and insurers who are part of Medicare to operate with more efficiency. Considering both points, we rate his statement .