chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Terrorists who are currently being held at Guantanamo Bay can be transferred to a neighborhood near you" as a result of House Democrats' actions on the National Defense Authorization Act.
Speaker: greg steube
About the speaker: Greg Steube was first elected to Congress in 2018 to represent Florida’s 17th District which spans Charlotte, DeSoto, Glades, Hardee, Highlands, and Okeechobee counties, as well parts of Sarasota, Lee, and Polk counties. He was first elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 2010. He is an Army veteran and lives in Sarasota.
Date: July 12, 2019
Location: florida
Topics: congress;terrorism
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Steube said, "Terrorists who are currently being held at Guantanamo Bay can be transferred to a neighborhood near you" as a result of House Democrats’ actions on the National Defense Authorization Act. Democrats struck a near-decade-old ban on using money to transfer detainees from Guantanamo Bay to the United States. But that doesn’t mean that the existing 40 detainees will be sent to facilities in the United States. A House bill said that federal funding could not be spent on additional detainees sent to Guantanamo Bay. The House bill directs officials to write a plan about how to proceed with the detainees. But that plan doesn’t mean that detainees will be sent to the United States either. We rate this statement .
Statement: Ted Cruz is "unknown to the vast majority of Texans.
Speaker: paul sadler
About the speaker: Paul Sadler, a lawyer who previously worked with the Wind Coalition energy advocacy group, served in the Texas House from 1991 through 2003, an East Texas district around Henderson. He was his party's 2012 U.S. Senate nominee.
Date: July 31, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;polls and public opinion
Context: a runoff night statement
Fact-check justification: Sadler said Cruz is unknown to the vast majority of Texans. He told us this was a reference to Cruz’s lack of a legislative record, not his name recognition. We’ll grant that intention, though Sadler’s  did not read that way to us. The facts are that Cruz is widely known among Republican voters and may be known by around 60 percent of all voters. This  has an element of  -- Cruz’s lack of a legislative record. We rate the statement .
Statement: When fentanyl burns it smells like popcorn.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 16, 2023
Topics: drugs;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The CDC’s National Center for Injury Prevention and Control told PolitiFact that these kinds of reports remain anecdotal. "There is not sufficient  to indicate that fentanyl is currently being mixed with marijuana or THC products," the CDC said. Fentanyl is more commonly found on its own or mixed with heroin, cocaine and methamphetamine, according to the DEA. We rate the  that fentanyl smells like popcorn when burned . If you or someone you know is struggling with substance use, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration National Helpline at 1-800-662-4357 or visit https://findtreatment.gov .
Statement: Not one court has looked at the evidence and said that Biden legally won" the presidential election.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 7, 2021
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: "This court has allowed plaintiff the chance to make his case and he has lost on the merits." The post is  and . We rate it ! RELATED:   A note to our readers who think President Trump won
Statement: Compared to President Obama, "President Reagan rushed home from Santa Barbara vacation, from the Reagan ranch when the Korean jetliner was shot out of the air by the Russians.
Speaker: kate obenshain 
About the speaker: Kate Obenshain is a Republican pundit and author of the book Divider-in-Chief.
Date: July 17, 2014
Topics: foreign policy;punditfact
Context: an interview on "The O'Reilly Factor"
Fact-check justification: Obenshain said that when the Russians shot down a Korean passenger plane in 1983, Reagan rushed home from his Santa Barbara vacation. The actual timeline shows that even after the White House concluded that the Soviets were responsible, administration officials decided that the president would remain in California. It took about half a day for them to change their minds. Aside from a brief statement, it took Reagan several days before addressing the issue with the American public. In a practical sense, the delay was not long but there was more deliberation than Obenshain’s words would suggest. We rate the  .
Statement: There's not a major bill I know with Hillary's name on it.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: December 31, 2007
Location: national
Context: Ames, Iowa
Fact-check justification: After the Sept. 11 attacks, Clinton authored a companion bill to House legislation ensuring that public safety officers killed or injured in the line of duty during the attacks would receive expedited payment of benefits. On another matter closely related to her home state, Clinton worked with Republican congressman Tom Reynolds to keep the Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station open at a time when the Pentagon was closing bases — a move that saved 800 jobs. Clinton has effectively used her senatorial power to influence a handful of issues and to focus on local politics. Biden is correct when he says her name is not on a major bill, but as Biden knows better than most, that's not a fair measure of a legislator's accomplishments. We rule his statement .
Statement: The one good thing about the antibodies if you've had it, is it actually is even better than the vaccine, and here's why. With the vaccine you can still transmit, with the antibodies you can't transmit.
Speaker: andrew giuliani
About the speaker: Andrew Giuliani has worked in the Trump administration and announced in spring 2021 that he is running for governor of New York. 
Date: May 18, 2021
Location: new york
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Giuliani claimed that having antibodies from Covid-19 infection is better than the vaccine because people with antibodies cannot transmit the virus, but people who are vaccinated can. Scientists say more study of the virus and the vaccines is necessary, but nothing in the research supports Guiliani’s . The CDC warns that people who have had the virus and people who have been vaccinated can still get Covid-19, and both can transmit the virus. For people who have already had the virus, the level of transmission is unknown. For people who are vaccinated, research shows their viral load is lower, reducing transmission. Based on the data available at the time he made his statement, we rate his  .
Statement: There is majority support for the Democrats' health care plans.
Speaker: valerie jarrett
About the speaker: a senior adviser to the president
Date: November 1, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on ABC's 'This Week with George Stephanopoulos'
Fact-check justification: In polls of all adults, it has often been opposition by a modest margin, while polls of registered or likely voters have found more intense opposition. But independent pollsters have produced three surveys in the past six weeks that found supporters narrowly cracking the 50 percent barrier. So part of what Jarrett said -- "I suppose it depends upon what poll you're looking at" -- is undeniably . On balance though, those poll-verified majorities are the exception rather than the rule. We rule her statement .
Statement: Says Republicans Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan support "massive cuts in Social Security for future generations.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: September 2, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;income;retirement;social security
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: It’s clear that Romney’s approach of raising the retirement age and re-jiggering inflation indexing without raising taxes will lead to benefit cuts over time. That’s the point. The boost in retirement age cuts payments across the board; the indexing change asks more from higher earners but could also hit many middle-income people as well if his plan follows the form of past proposals. It’s equally clear that it’s premature to judge exactly who will be affected, and how, because Romney has not laid out key details. We think his  lands at .
Statement: We now have driven (health care) costs down to the lowest they've been in 50 years.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: January 17, 2016
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: comments during the South Carolina Democratic presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Clinton said during the debate, "We now have driven costs down to the lowest they've been in 50 years." Although the rate of growth has been at historic lows, the actual per-person cost of health care has increased steadily over the last half century. Only the rate of decline has slowed, a very different measure. The Clinton campaign acknowledges that the candidate misspoke. We rate her  as  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump is "canceling funding for Obama's free house and library.
Speaker: the patriot report
About the speaker: The Patriot Report is a website that posts fake news.
Date: January 17, 2018
Topics: fake news;federal budget;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Factcheck.org found the same story on the Last Line of Defense in December 2016. While that website had a disclaimer that said "we present fiction as fact and our sources don’t actually exist," the Patriot Report had no such disclaimer. We found no  that Trump had rescinded any such funding for the library. In reality, the Obama Foundation will raise money for the center in Chicago. We rate this headline .
Statement: Says Democrats are embracing "abortion up until the moment of birth and even, horrifically, after that.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: February 24, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: abortion;women
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Cruz’s remark hinged on an  characterization of legislation considered in Virginia’s House of Delegates in 2019 and comments made by the state’s Democratic governor at the same time. State law in Virginia allows doctors to perform abortions up until the moment of birth, but only in cases when three physicians certify that a continued pregnancy is likely to result in the death of the woman. The author of the bill clarified earlier remarks to say it would not allow an abortion to be performed on a woman during a live birth. PolitiFact has rated multiple statements making similar claims about Democrats supporting the execution of children . We rate this  .
Statement: Lisa Page squeals: DNC server was not hacked by Russians.
Speaker: yournewswire.com
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: July 17, 2018
Topics: fake news;foreign policy;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Several right-wing websites have repeated the  that Page contradicted the U.S. intelligence community and pointed the finger at China. We sent an email to Your News Wire and did not get a reply. PolitiFact evaluates information using on-the-record sources and information as of the time that a person or website makes a . At the time of this fact-check, we found no on-the-record credible information that Page blamed the hacking on the Chinese. We rate this headline .
Statement: Says combined inflation and unemployment rates in October 2011 were the highest since Ronald Reagan succeeded Jimmy Carter.
Speaker: wes riddle
About the speaker: Wes Riddle, a retired Army lieutenant colonel, sought the 2012 Republican nod for a U.S. House seat in the incumbent-free 25th Congressional District. He described himself on his campaign website as the founder of the Central Texas Tea Party.
Date: October 22, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: economy;history;jobs
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: When Riddle spoke, the U.S. misery index was 12.43 -- higher than the index over much of the previous 30 years. Riddle said, though, that the index was the highest it had been since Reagan succeeded Carter. That's not correct. The index was higher for nearly 30 months of Reagan’s presidency. His statement fails to account for the index’s full history. We rate his  as .
Statement: Wisconsin still ranks first among the 50 states in manufacturing jobs per capita.
Speaker: rebecca kleefisch
About the speaker: Rebecca Kleefisch was the lieutenant governor of Wisconsin from 2011-19 under Gov. Scott Walker. She previously worked as a TV anchor and reporter, most recently with WISN-TV in Milwaukee. Kleefisch was defeated August 9, 2022 in her Republican primary bid for Republican nomination for governor.
 
Date: November 1, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs
Context: a radio address
Fact-check justification: Walker took office in January 2011. Still, though, Wisconsin is 150,000 manufacturing jobs short of its January 2000 total, according to September 2012 federal figures. Our rating Kleefisch claimed that Wisconsin "still ranks first among the 50 states in manufacturing jobs per capita." Economists debate the wisdom of heavy reliance on that sector, but Kleefisch accurately describes the state’s ranking. We rate her statement .
Statement: Mexico has "very strong border laws -- ours are pathetic.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 2, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;legal issues;foreign policy
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted that Mexico has "very strong border laws — ours are pathetic." Broadly, Mexico does admit fewer immigrants than the United States. But the strict Mexican law cited by the White House as  has largely been supplanted by a softer 2011 law. In addition, Trump underplays the increasing robustness of U.S. immigration laws and enforcement even under his predecessors, while downplaying how porous Mexico’s own southern border is. We rate the statement .
Statement: Photo shows Magic Johnson donating blood "to help underprivileged communities help fight COVID-19.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 18, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: This moment happens in the documentary starting around the 1:07 mark. There’s no suggestion that Johnson, who is HIV positive and discusses his diagnosis in the documentary, was donating blood.   On Aug. 23, 2022, he tweeted : "I’m aware of the  story circling the internet, and to be clear, I have never donated blood." On its website , the Red Cross says, "Do not give blood if you have AIDS or have ever had a positive HIV test. "  We rate claims that this photo shows Johnson donating blood to help in the pandemic .
Statement: China is "going to have twice the number of submarines we have in just over a decade.
Speaker: randy forbes
About the speaker: Randy Forbes is from Chesapeake and represents Virginia's Fourth District in Congress. He was first elected to the House of Representatives in 2001. He serves on the Judiciary Committee and the Armed Services Committee, where he is chairman of the Seapower and Projection Forces Subcommittee.
Forbes previously served in Virginia's House of Delegates from 1989 to 1997 and in the State Senate from 1997 to 2001. He also was chairman of the Republican Party of Virginia from 1996 to 2001.
Forbes received a bachelor's degree from Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, in 1974, and a law degree from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in 1977.
Date: April 21, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: china;military
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Forbes said that in just over a decade, China will have twice the number of submarines as the U.S. The congressman has a point in that, in sheer numbers of subs, China’s fleet is expected to increase during the next 14 years as the U.S. submarine force is scheduled to decline. China is close-mouthed about its military plans, and the U.S. doesn’t know exactly how many subs that nation will have in 10 years or more. Defense analysts have made projections that vary between 80 and 100 Chinese subs. Forbes relies on the very highest of these wide-ranging projections to state as fact that China will double the U.S. fleet. We should point out that even if China built up to 100 subs by 2030, it still would not quite double the 53-submarine fleet the U.S. Navy has planned for that year. Forbes’ statement also glosses over major differences between the nations’ subs. The U.S. fleet is entirely nuclear-powered and capable of long underwater deployments far from home. Most of the Chinese fleet, in a decade, still will be diesel-powered and designed for relatively shorter assignments in regional waters. So Forbes’ statement contains has some accuracy but leaves out important details. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/a45a422d-2e68-4ec1-9d71-a808a785e0ca
Statement: In the past two years in Congress, I've written more bills, passed more amendments on the floor of the House and enacted more of my bills into law than any other member of the House.
Speaker: alan grayson
About the speaker: Alan Grayson was initially elected to Congress in 2008, then defeated for re-election in 2010. He was elected again to Congress from a different district in 2012. He lost the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate in Florida in 2016.
Date: July 9, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: congress
Context: an announcement video
Fact-check justification: Grayson said, "In the past two years in Congress, I’ve written more bills, passed more amendments on the floor of the House and enacted more of my bills into law than any other member of the House." It’s  that Grayson is No. 1 in writing bills and resolutions, with 96 in total for the 113th Congress. But Grayson omits some caveats. The 10 bills he sponsored ended up passing as part of other bills, not as stand-alone measures. Of those 10, all but one ultimately landed in the same bill that passed with a fairly wide margin. He had 21 amendments pass, largely on voice votes, which suggests they were not controversial matters. Congressional experts say that the sheer number of bills or amendments written and passed doesn’t tell the full story of a member’s accomplishments. His statement is accurate but needs additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: Opening the schools "is a local determination, but it's not a state determination.
Speaker: tom reed
About the speaker: Tom Reed is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives, elected in 2010 to a district that includes much of New York state's Southern Tier.
Date: July 9, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: education;coronavirus
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Reed said that the decision to open schools is not a state determination. School calendars are typically set by districts, as long as they can meet the state’s 180-day statutory requirement.  During this pandemic, however, the governor closed the schools by executive order, and Cuomo’s spokesman said that he will be opening them by executive order. A few days after  Reed made his statement, the executive branch and the state Education Department announced guidelines and detailed what should be contained in plans for re-opening. If districts do not work with the state, and seek its approval for their reopening plans, they could lose state funding.  We rate Reed’s statement .
Statement: The United States already has the highest corporate tax rate in the world.
Speaker: scott desjarlais
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Scott DesJarlais’ represents Tennessee’s 4th Congressional District, which takes in Middle Tennessee and parts of East Tennessee. He was elected for the first time to Congress in 2010.
Date: April 24, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: corporations;taxes
Context: a blog post on his website
Fact-check justification: There are different ways to compare worldwide tax rates. DesJarlais is right that the United States has the world’s highest corporate tax rate, at least among industrial countries, if one is referring to the statutory rate. But if the effective and marginal rates are considered, the answer is not quite that simple. We rate the  .
Statement: There's almost 1 million Texans who are unemployed and that's an all-time record number in our state.
Speaker: bill white
About the speaker: Bill White, an author, is a San Antonio native who was mayor of Houston from 2004-2009. He was the 2010 Democratic nominee for governor of Texas.
Date: March 2, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: economy
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Anyway, White didn't cast the rate as highest-ever. Nor did Nathan Daschle, executive director of the Democratic Governors Association, when he blasted Perry on primary election night for an "unemployment rate (that's) higher than it's been in decades." Two decades, to be precise. White is correct that the number of unemployed Texans — almost 1 million — is an all-time high. We rate his statement as .