chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Before this law was passed, Americans were told they could keep their current health care plans. After it became law, the administration issued regulations stating nearly half of Americans would lose their current plan.
Speaker: bill posey
About the speaker: Republican U.S. Rep. Bill Posey represents the 15th district of Florida.
Date: February 1, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: a letter to the editor
Fact-check justification: On the first half of Posey's , we agree that "before this law was passed, Americans were told they could keep their current health care plans." But the second half of his , that "After it became law the administration issued regulations stating nearly half of Americans would lose their current plan," is not so simple. Posey's math is correct when he points to the government estimates of employer plans that will lose grandfathered status. But telling the public that "half of Americans would lose their current plan" implies that they will be forced into a different provider's plan, a substantially worse plan or even no plan at all. By that definition, some Americans "lost" their current plans routinely for years before the health care law was signed. For those omissions, we rate this  .
Statement: Says Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's net worth is "over $1 million.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 8, 2021
Location: new york
Topics: wealth;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Ocasio-Cortez’s assets total no more than $31,000, according to her latest financial disclosure report. Based on the way personal finances are reported, they might be exceeded by her liabilities, which are reported to be as high as $50,000. An image shared on Facebook claiming she has a net worth of more than $1 million is  and  — !
Statement: And he's the only candidate who will fight for a national catastrophe fund to reduce insurance rates.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: January 16, 2008
Location: national
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: • Paul, the congressman from Texas, hasn't commented directly on the issue. • Duncan Hunter, the congressman from California, has not commented on the issue directly. So when an announcer says Giuliani is "the only candidate who will fight for" a national fund, he has a case. He pledges to be a strong advocate, unlike the other candidates. But some others in the field are open to a federal role in securing homeowner insurance in high-risk areas, so we rate his  .
Statement: Nine "antifa members arrested" in Portland, Ore.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 17, 2020
Topics: civil rights;criminal justice;facebook fact-checks
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: An image shared in a Facebook post claimed nine "antifa members arrested" in Portland, Ore. We found no  of antifa membership among the nine, who were arrested in an anti-Trump protest in Portland in 2016. We rate the statement .
Statement: A transaction tax in countries like the UK "didn't affect their financial markets at all.
Speaker: kirsten gillibrand
About the speaker: Kirsten Gillibrand is a senator from New York. Gillibrand was appointed as senator in 2009 to fill Hillary Clinton’s vacated seat, as Clinton became U.S. Secretary of State under Barack Obama. Gillibrand won a special election in 2010 to retain her senate seat and won re-elections in 2012 and 2018. From 2007 to 2009, she served as the representative of New York’s 20th Congressional District. Gillibrand received a bachelor’s degree in Asian Studies from Dartmouth College and a J.D. from UCLA School of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in August.
Date: July 9, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: financial regulation;taxes
Context: a campaign event
Fact-check justification: Gillibrand said that a transaction tax didn’t affect financial markets in the United Kingdom "at all."  The tax has been in effect for centuries and the London Stock Exchange remains a robust financial hub. But enacting a tax likely has some effect, and studies have found that share price and trading volume are affected by the tax.  We rate her  .
Statement: New poll indicates" Joe Biden's "approval at 11%, the lowest approval rating of any president in American history.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 6, 2021
Topics: polls and public opinion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post shared a tweet that claimed: "New poll indicates" Joe Biden’s "approval at 11%, the lowest approval rating of any president in American history — Gallup via Daily Caller." The latest Gallup poll shows Biden’s approval rating at 54%. A tally of approval-rating polls puts his approval rating at 53.2%. We found no reputable polls that put Biden’s approval rating at 11%. The  is  and  — !
Statement: Nancy Pelosi's bill for alcohol on her flights from Washington to San Fran every week? We pay for it. 1000 dollars. On average 52,000 Bucks, a year for BOOZE. Tax payer money.
Speaker: chuck woolery
About the speaker: Chuck Woolery is game show host-turned-conservative pundit.
Date: January 17, 2019
Topics: congress;corrections and updates;ethics;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Woolery said, "Nancy Pelosi's bill for alcohol on her flights from Washington to San Fran every week? We pay for it. 1000 dollars. On average 52,000 Bucks, a year for BOOZE. Tax payer money." We couldn’t find any  to support Woolery’s , which was strikingly similar to a falsehood about Pelosi’s bar tab from 2010 that we rated  . Furthermore, her office says that she doesn’t drink. We rate this . Update:  This report was updated shortly after publication to include a response from Woolery's spokesperson.
Statement: Says Taco Bell is selling menudo for the month of November.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 3, 2019
Topics: food;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Share with others and enjoy the chaos." But not everyone is seeing that.   "If anyone tries this," wrote one, "please let me know how it tastes and if it’s the real thing!" It’s not, reader. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Illegal tobacco sales, price driven too high, has been connected to at least several cases of funding terrorism against us in multi-year investigations over the last decade and a half.
Speaker: rick saccone
About the speaker: Rick Saccone is a state representative in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from Allegheny County. He serves the 39th District.
Date: July 13, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: terrorism;taxes
Context: floor remarks during a House session
Fact-check justification: Rep. Saccone said in a house session, "Illegal tobacco sales, price driven too high, has been connected to at least several cases of funding terrorism against us in multi-year investigations over the last decade and a half." Most of the trouble with this statement are its implications: American cigarette smuggling does not have strong presence in terrorism financing. Saccone himself admitted that he had heard of no such incidence in Philadelphia, where a cigarette tax bumped prices up in 2014. But, there have been cases, as he mentioned. In our research and from our correspondence with ATF, we were only able to find two groups that had financed terrorist activities through illicit tobacco sale, the Lackawanna Six and an interstate North Carolina-Michigan smuggling ring, both leading to multiple convictions. We rate this  .
Statement: Joe Biden's wide open southern border" is to blame for fentanyl deaths in the U.S.
Speaker: kayleigh mcenany
About the speaker: Kayleigh McEnany is an on-air commentator for Fox News and former White House press secretary under President Donald Trump. She was previously a spokeswoman for the Republican National Committee and a pro-Trump pundit on CNN.
Date: February 7, 2023
Topics: immigration;corrections and updates;drugs;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: McEnany said in a Facebook post that "Joe Biden's wide open southern border" is to blame for fentanyl deaths in the U.S. Fentanyl deaths in the U.S. were rising before Biden took office but have increased during his administration. But there’s no  the border is "wide open" under Biden. Funding for border security and border patrol staffing has remained largely on par with the Trump administration. Although more migrants have attempted to enter the U.S. illegally under Biden, experts said those people are not the ones smuggling fentanyl into the country. The drugs, trafficked by Mexican cartels, are generally coming through legal ports of entry, experts say and data shows. About 86% of federal fentanyl trafficking arrests were of U.S. citizens, data shows. We rate the  . CORRECTION, Feb. 14, 2023 :  Kayleigh McEnany is a co-host at Fox News. In an earlier version of this story, we inaccurately described her role with the network as "contributor."
Statement: The recent process of awarding $3 billion worth of airport vending contracts was the "most open and transparent procurement process in the city's history.
Speaker: kasim reed
About the speaker: Kasim Reed is Mayor of Atlanta.
Date: April 25, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: transparency;transportation
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: That said, the city was legally obliged to provide those pages. The statement is likely accurate, but meaningless. It’s no great achievement for a city to do what the law requires. Unless that city is Atlanta. This  lacks important details, which means it earns a .
Statement: COVID-19-induced pneumonia is "is actually mast cell degranulation of the lungs," a type of allergic reaction.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 14, 2022
Topics: science;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  A widespread Facebook  states that COVID-19 pneumonia is "actually mast cell degranulation of the lungs," which is an allergic reaction.   Doctors we spoke to said there is no basis for the .   They said mast cell activation is a part of the body’s reaction to COVID-19 pneumonia. It’s an immune response that can be caused by pneumonia or other triggers, such as an injury or skin condition. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Ocean Spray is moving its Bordentown processing facility to Pennsylvania largely because of costs associated with the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative.
Speaker: diane allen
About the speaker: Diane Allen is a Republican state senator representing parts of Burlington County.
Date: May 9, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: cap and trade;climate change;economy
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: So let’s review: Allen claimed that Ocean Spray was leaving Bordentown "in large measure due to the costs associated with RGGI." Yet Ocean Spray said it did not consider RGGI and its impacts on the energy rate. On top of that, a PSE&G spokeswoman and energy experts said RGGI has had a minimal impact on utility costs. We rate Allen’s statement . To comment on this ruling, join the conversation at NJ.com .
Statement: Says Romney would add "trillions" to the deficit while Obama would "cut the deficit by $4 trillion.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 31, 2012
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;debt;federal budget;message machine 2012
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification:     The Obama campaign ad said Romney would increase the deficit by trillions while Obama would cut the deficit by $4 trillion. Obama's deficit reduction plan is much more specific than Romney's, but for a sitting president, that's expected.     Still, independent analysts say that Romney's plan is so vague that it's difficult to know how his plan will impact the federal budget. What are missing are the politically sensitive details on which programs he would cut and which tax breaks he would reduce. What we do know indicates his plan could drive up deficits, potentially a great deal.     The Obama plan offers enough details to estimate its impact with more accuracy. Independent analysts estimate savings of about $2.4 trillion over ten years due solely to his proposal.  Obama’s plan on its own does not produce the full $4 trillion. Plus, estimates over 10 years are always uncertain and some analysts caution that achieving the $4 trillion goal by itself does less to solve the deficit problem than the president suggests.     We rate the statement .
Statement: The proposed mine in northern Wisconsin would be built without any government oversight, and will be nine miles long.
Speaker: bob seger
About the speaker: Bob Seger is a singer-songwriter and a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Date: October 12, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment;economy;jobs
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Seger criticizes the proposed Gogebic mine, saying it would be nine miles long and operated with no government oversight. But the size, initially, would be closer to four miles long -- two pits, each about two miles long. And the project will be subject to regulation and oversight on several fronts. We rate his  . Editor's note: This item was updated to clarify that the distance from the proposed mine to the Lake Superior ice caves at the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore is 54 miles.
Statement: When President Franklin D. Roosevelt started Social Security, "it only affected widows and orphans," and when Medicare began, "it was a small program.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: December 7, 2010
Location: national
Topics: children;disability;health care;history;medicare;social security
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: So let's recap. Obama had a point that Social Security started small and expanded slowly, but he was clearly  that the first groups to be covered were widows and orphans. On Medicare, it's not accurate to say, as the president did, that the program started "small." It was up and running for elderly Americans within one year -- four years faster than it will take the health care exchanges created in Obama's own health care bill. On balance, we rate the item .
Statement: (John) Kasich was the architect who balanced the budget, cut spending, created a surplus, igniting record job creation.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: October 14, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;federal budget;message machine 2010
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: (Job creation began to slow in 2000.) Kasich deserves credit for conceiving, sponsoring and negotiating passage of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. But the ad overstates his role by saying he balanced the budget. And it  by giving Kasich, or the the budget agreement, credit for a surplus or "record" job creation. We rate Kasich’s statement as .
Statement: This is what President Obama said the jobless rate would be if we passed the stimulus: 5.6 percent.
Speaker: american crossroads
About the speaker: American Crossroads is a 527 campaign committee that supports Republican candidates.
Date: October 2, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;economy;jobs;message machine 2012;stimulus
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: An ad from American Crossroads says, "This is what President Obama said the jobless rate would be if we passed the stimulus: 5.6 percent." But we find that's a stretch. In the  the group provided, Obama doesn’t mention that statistic. Rather, he introduced "projections" that included a chart showing the jobless rate falling to 5.6 percent under a recovery plan. The report highlighted the estimates’ "significant margins of error" and high uncertainty due to a recession that was "unusual both in its fundamental causes and its severity." The economy was, in fact, much worse than economists knew. The chart is now infamous, but it was never pitched as a promise. We rate the statement .
Statement: There's a "'positive correlation' between higher mask usage and COVID-19 deaths.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 17, 2022
Location: national
Topics: public health;science;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But the study’s author said there was no cause-and-effect found.    Critics of the study said masking protocols were issued in response to high rates of transmission. So it would be expected that deaths would occur while masking would be in place.   Public health officials recommend masking as one way to help reduce transmission.. We rate this  .
Statement: Says a photo shows a man wearing a "government issue Saint Laurent hazardous materials suit.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 1, 2020
Location: florida
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: And while the text is a bit odd, you’d have to visit the page’s About section to find that it’s a self-described parody account. Sarasota County’s actual Facebook page is here . But the post on parody account blends factual information with jokes that not everyone is getting, especially as the post is reshared on other Facebook pages. The "intern" in the photograph appears to actually be a taxi driver in Siberia who donned the protective gear to help make people laugh amid global panic over the coronavirus, the Siberian Times reported .      We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says a proposed $1.05 billion Austin school district bond proposition "will require no tax rate increase.
Speaker: committee of austin's children pac
About the speaker: The Committee of Austin's Children PAC is supportive of a November 2017 bond proposition offered by the school board of the Austin school district.
Date: September 24, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: children;debt;education
Context: advance of November 2017 vote on a bond proposition
Fact-check justification: The PAC said the proposed Austin school district bonds "will require no tax rate increase." Missing from this : Individual homeowners are expected to pay more in property taxes even if the tax rate remains the same, which looks likely thanks to rising property valuations in a hot real-estate market. We rate this statement, which lacks the important clarification that only the tax rate isn’t expected to rise, .  –The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Former President Barack Obama gave Presidential Medals of Freedom to Bill Cosby, Anthony Weiner and Harvey Weinstein.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 10, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook meme claims to show Obama awarding the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Bill Clinton, Bill Cosby, Anthony Weiner and Harvey Weinstein. The Senate has only listed Clinton and Cosby as official winners of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Reverse image searches on all the photos included in the meme reveal that all but the image of Clinton are doctored. Other fact-checkers have debunked this meme before. The Facebook post is not accurate and makes a  . We rate it !
Statement: The Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act is the largest-ever investment in higher education.
Speaker: democratic national committee
About the speaker: The Democratic National Committee is the national organization of Democrats.
Date: April 7, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: education;federal budget
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Adding everything up: Hayes'  would have been close to spot-on if he'd limited the "largest-ever investment" descriptive to "one-time decisions by Congress boosting grants to needy college students," admittedly a not-so-pithy mouthful. We're not the only ones to divine this difference. As we finalized this article, the House committee rewrote its online statement to state that the law is the "single largest investment in federal student aid ever." Racusen told us: "Given your feedback, we wanted to make sure we were as clear as possible." We rate Hayes' statement as .