chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: If sea levels rise six feet due to climate change, Waterplace Park in Providence and Wickford village would be swamped
Speaker: grover fugate
About the speaker: Grover Fugate is executive director of the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council, a state agency whose mission is to protect the state’s coastline.
Date: August 23, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: environment;science
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Grover Fugate said Providence’s Waterplace Park and Wickford village would be flooded if sea levels rose six feet, "the upper end" of some climate change estimates. While Fugate’s high-end figure is double the estimate of the Intergovernmental Climate Change Committee, he was accurately quoting a figure that has been cited by four U.S.  agencies that deal with oceans and climate. And federal, state and local planners and agencies agree that a six-foot rise would swamp significant locations in Providence, Wickford and elsewhere in coastal Rhode Island, as Fugate said it would. We find his statement
Statement: Six Flags is offering five free passes and unlimited free rides to everyone.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 28, 2019
Topics: fake news;recreation;tourism;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: But those contests are promoted directly on the company’s website and social media pages. Sometimes, the company’s partners may run their own contests and "more often than not, contests from official Six Flags partners can be reached directly from the Six Flags website." We couldn’t find anything on the Six Flags website about the company offering five free passes to everyone. While people with season passes to Six Flags can bring a friend for free , we found no  that the promise offree passes and unlimited rides that’s currently circulating on Facebook is authentic.   We rate it .
Statement: Says that the "28th Amendment" prohibits Congress from creating laws that apply to U.S. citizens but not to them, and vice-versa.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 22, 2019
Topics: constitutional amendments;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In 2013, Republican Sen. Rand Paul of Kentucky submitted a joint resolution that proposed an amendment to the Constitution with wording that was almost identical to the post. It read: "Congress shall make no law applicable to a citizen of the United States that is not equally applicable to Congress." The bill never made it out of committee and failed again when it was reintroduced in the Senate the following year. Similar proposals introduced in the House around the same time also failed. We rate this !
Statement: Says Mike Huckabee appeared in diabetes infomercials to endorse "cures and treatments that no health agency supports.
Speaker: ron fournier
About the speaker: Ron Fournier is National Journal's senior political columnist and editorial director.
Before he joined National Journal, he worked for the Associated Press, including as Washington bureau chief.
His career started in Arkansas, where he covered the state legislature and gubernatorial tenure of Bill Clinton. He served as editor-in-chief of National Journal until he returned to full-time reporting in 2012.
Date: May 10, 2015
Topics: candidate biography;health care;science;punditfact
Context: a pundit panel on "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: Fournier said "no health agencies support" the "cures and treatments" that Huckabee endorsed in an infomercial promising diabetes reversal. Health groups and physicians that specialize in diabetes told us they do not support the approach to "reversing diabetes" outlined in the Diabetes Solution Kit that Huckabee used to endorse. We rate Fournier’s  .
Statement: Says "Canada has one-tenth of our population—yet it issues far more high-skilled visas (more than 150,000) yearly than we do (65,000).
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: June 30, 2013
Location: national
Topics: immigration;corrections and updates
Context: a Wall Street Journal op-ed
Fact-check justification: Bush and Bolick said that Canada issues more than 150,000 high-skilled visa a year compared to 65,000 by the U.S. That 150,000 refers not to people with visas but those granted permanent resident status, and it includes family members of skilled workers, as well as workers who are not high-skilled. The only figures we can know for sure show a level of high-skilled workers closer to 50,000, or about one-third as large as Bush and Bolick claimed. If they had meant to speak of Canada’s temporary foreign workers, a reasonable fit with the H-1B program, the high water mark for such workers in Canada was about 70,000 in 2008.  That’s still about half of the number they put on the table. Combining both permanent and temporary workers would yield about 120,000 people, but they did not base their  on that. On a relative basis, Canada does target high-skilled workers much more than the U.S., but the absolute numbers Bush and Bolick used fell wide of the mark. We rule the statement . Editor's note: This report has been updated to include more details about exemptions and renewals of H-1B visas.
Statement: The Earth just started spinning faster than ever before and scientists are gravely concerned.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 7, 2022
Topics: climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: posts
Fact-check justification: It’s  that the Earth spun slightly faster on June 29, 2022 — 1.59 milliseconds faster than usual. Facebook posts suggested this means Earth is now continuously spinning faster, at a pace so significant that scientists are worried.  But 1.59 milliseconds isn’t significantly outside of expectations. There is no  to suggest this should pose a danger to anyone on Earth, so scientists are not "gravely concerned." We rate these claims .
Statement: With Rick Scott, there are more funds for preschool education.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: July 22, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A Republican Party ad said that Scott has overseen "more funds for preschool education." The Republicans point to the fact that the Legislature approved slightly higher overall appropriations in some years. But per-pupil spending fell during Scott's first year, after federal stimulus funds ran out. Then, for the next few years, the per-pupil amount remained flat. Per-pupil spending still isn't as high as it was in the budget that was approved the year before Scott took office. The statement contains an element of  but leaves out key details, so we rate this statement .
Statement: Opinion polls show that the majority of Americans, and the majority of New Jerseyans, favor marriage equality for same sex couples.
Speaker: reed gusciora
About the speaker: Reed Gusciora is a Democratic state Assemblyman representing parts of Hunterdon and Mercer counties.
Date: January 9, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: lgbtq;marriage
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Gusciora claimed, "Opinion polls show that the majority of Americans, and the majority of New Jerseyans, favor marriage equality for same sex couples." Two state polls and four national polls show that slightly more than 50 percent of respondents support legalizing same-sex marriage. But the margins of error among those national polls could mean greater support than opposition in only one of those polls. Two other national polls also suggest a closely divided electorate, but still show that public support for same-sex marriage has increased in recent years. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: When Mitt Romney was governor, "the fact is that the average income for a family in Massachusetts went up by $5,500.
Speaker: ed gillespie
About the speaker: Ed Gillespie is a Republican strategist who currently runs the firm Ed Gillespie Strategies. He served as counselor to former President George W. Bush. Gillespie has announced he will run for Virginia governor in 2017. He narrowly lost a 2014 bid for the U.S. Senate to Democrat Mark Warner.
Date: June 3, 2012
Location: national
Topics: income
Context: a "Fox News Sunday" interview
Fact-check justification: Gillespie’s statement that median family incomes in Massachusetts grew by $5,500 during Romney’s term is numerically accurate. However, that dollar figure is not adjusted for inflation, and two experts told us that after inflation is taken into account, real incomes in Massachusetts actually declined slightly. What’s more, governors in general have little impact on immediate-term gains in jobs and incomes. Gillespie’s statement leaves out those important details, leaving the  impression that Massachusetts families were significantly better off under Romney. We rate it . Update: This article has been updated to include Barry Bluestone's political contribution.
Statement: Says the media cut out his request of Russian hackers to find Hillary Clinton's emails "right at the end so that you don't see the laughter, the joke.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 29, 2020
Location: national
Topics: florida
Context: a speech at CPAC
Fact-check justification: Trump said the media distorted his "Russia, if you’re listening" comment in 2016 by cutting out "the laugher, the joke."  The laughter was not cut. The full video shows that no laughter followed.  Trump has recast the delivery and response of his 2016 press conference in an effort to distort the media’s coverage. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney asked for a waiver from federal welfare rules.
Speaker: rahm emanuel
About the speaker: Rahm Emanuel is the mayor of Chicago. He represented the Chicagoland area as a U.S. congressman prior to joining the White House as the first chief of staff in President Barack Obama’s administration. Emanuel also held various posts in the Clinton Administration from 1993 to 1998, and worked as an investment banker in the private sector.
Date: September 2, 2012
Location: national
Topics: welfare
Context: an appearance on Meet the Press
Fact-check justification: Emanuel said on Meet the Press that Romney sought a state waiver for meeting federal welfare work requirements. As governor of Massachusetts, Romney signed onto a letter supporting a bill to extend the federal welfare reform law. That letter urged greater state flexibility and increased waiver authority, which adds grist to the charge Romney is being hypocritical in attacking Obama now for gutting work requirements. It also indicates he supported the principle allowing states some waiver authority. But Emanuel’s words were "Romney asked for, actually, a waiver," and that is not . Emanuel stretched the meaning of the 2005 letter signed by Romney and other governors, fabricating a waiver request that never existed. The  omits critical facts and creates an  impression. We rate it .
Statement: When I was secretary of state, I had a very high approval rating.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: May 22, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;foreign policy;polls and public opinion
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "When I was secretary of state, I had a very high approval rating." Polling numbers show that it was, in terms of public opinion, the best period of her political career. She's not even close to those favorability numbers now that she's in a tough presidential contest, but we rate her statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/ebb5ba66-fd0e-497e-9318-fc451f807af5
Statement: Right now, an employer has more of a chance of getting hit by lightning than be prosecuted for hiring an undocumented worker. That has to change.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: November 15, 2007
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Las Vegas
Fact-check justification: Based only on indictments, there was a 5.1-in-303,000 chance an employer would be prosecuted to the point of indictment. That's based on a U.S. Census count of nearly 26.3-million businesses from 2004, the most recent year full data is available. It should be noted that the number of employers is tough to determine; officials with the IRS and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics said they had no data. The Census count is its largest available, with other surveys showing smaller numbers — and even higher chances of indictments against employers. Given these findings, we rule Obama's statement .
Statement: Mayor Bloomberg helped lower the number of uninsured by 40 percent, covering 700,000 more New Yorkers
Speaker: michael bloomberg
About the speaker: Michael Bloomberg was mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013. The billionaire co-founded Bloomberg LP, a financial information and media company, in 1981. On Nov. 24, 2019, he announced his candidacy for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on March 4, 2020.
Date: January 1, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: city government;health care
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Our ruling   Bloomberg claimed that in New York City, he "helped" lower the number of uninsured by 40 percent, and that 700,000 people obtained health insurance during his administration. His numbers are generally correct, and he is correct to say that he "helped." He isn’t taking full credit, and that is wise. State programs gave greater access to health insurance, while his administration worked to raise awareness about that access. We rate Bloomberg’s statement .
Statement: The Koch brothers alone gave twice as much money to Scott Walker as the total amount of money raised by Tom Barrett.
Speaker: debbie wasserman schultz
About the speaker: Debbie Wasserman Schultz became the chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee in 2011 and resigned in July 2016. The Florida Democrat was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004 after serving in the state senate. She represents Congressional District 23 in Broward and Miami-Dade counties.
Date: June 8, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: campaign finance;corporations;corrections and updates;elections
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Update: After this item was published, Brendan Fischer of the Center for Media and Democracy pointed out that a June 2012 CNN  article  said Americans for Prosperity had spent $10 million. We contacted AFP president Tim Phillips, who told us AFP had spent $10 million in 2011 and 2012 on TV ads, direct mail, staff and other expenses to support reforms made by Walker and the Legislature. We also contacted the Wisconsin Democracy Campaign, which reiterated that it saw  of only about $3 million in AFP spending, but that it could not be sure because AFP is not required to report its spending. The original  cited money directly from the Koch Brothers, not AFP which has numerous other donors. As such, we don't feel a change in rating is warranted.
Statement: The Democrats want you American taxpayers to shell out $3 billion for 'non-racist' trees.
Speaker: freedomworks
About the speaker: FreedomWorks is a group that advocates for lower taxes and small government.
Date: September 28, 2021
Topics: climate change;race and ethnicity;poverty;taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: FreedomWorks claimed in a Facebook post: "The Democrats want you American taxpayers to shell out $3 billion for ‘non-racist’ trees." The Democrats’ bill would set aside $3 billion to support tree planting with a priority for projects that increase tree equity. But FreedomWorks’ reference to "non-racist trees" distorts the notion of tree equity, which is to provide the health and environmental benefits that trees provide in low-income areas that currently lack tree cover. We rate the statement .
Statement: AIDS-associated diseases and cancers have increased by 338x since the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccines, according to the CDC and foreign government bodies.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 22, 2023
Location: national
Topics: public health
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claims the CDC said there’s been a "338x" increase in "AIDS-associated diseases and cancers" since the COVID-19 vaccines were rolled out. The CDC made no such statement and said it has not detected any unusual or unexpected patterns for HIV or AIDS-associated diseases and cancers following COVID-19 immunization. There is no association between the COVID-19 vaccines and a person’s risk for HIV infection, medical experts said. We rate this  ! RELATED: Federal VAERS database is a critical tool for researchers, but a breeding ground for misinformation
Statement: The RESTORE Act started as an "effort to dedicate as much BP fine money as possible towards Gulf Coast restoration" but now "could steer money to places like the Great Lakes and West Coast.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: March 8, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: environment;federal budget;oil spill
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Rubio said the RESTORE Act started as an "effort to dedicate as much BP fine money as possible towards Gulf Coast restoration" but now "could steer money to places like the Great Lakes and West Coast." It's not the fine money itself that could go to other bodies of water, but interest from the fines. Half the interest could go to an ocean endowment for coastal regions nationwide, including the Great Lakes and West Coast. The bulk of the fines themselves will still go to the Gulf Coast. The small amount was set aside to attract votes from non-Gulf senators. And in fact, the legislation passed the Senate by a wide enough margin to guarantee that Rubio’s home state will get the money and still allow him to say he voted against tax increases. Publicly, Rubio was quiet about the provision to protect other bodies of water for months, though we are rating him here on the truthfulness of his words, not the timing of his protest. Some money from the RESTORE Act could go to the Great Lakes and the West Coast, but the bulk of the money -- particularly the fines themselves -- would still go to the Gulf Coast. We rate his  .
Statement: If Buehler were elected, our vote-by-mail system would be at risk.
Speaker: bill bradbury
About the speaker: Bill Bradbury is a former Oregon secretary of state and an Oregon Democratic Party rock star. He ushered in the era of  vote-by-mail after Oregonians approved a citizen ballot measure to switch to mail in voting in 1998.
Date: October 22, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: elections;message machine 2012
Context: a campaign fundraising letter
Fact-check justification: When we look at the  they’ve provided for his alleged antipathy toward the system, we just aren’t convinced. In fact, the  indicates that he likes vote by mail just fine. We don’t know how many more times -- or in how many more ways -- he can say that he supports mail balloting. The statement is inflammatory and . We rule it .
Statement: When Obama took office "the economy of the United States was actually shrinking for the first time in about 70 years.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: October 24, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;history;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on "This Week."
Fact-check justification: In 1938, there was a significant decline of 6.3, and then more declines in 1933, 1932, 1931 and 1930. No statistics are available before 1930. So Kaine is pretty close if you don't adjust for inflation. But when you do, there are several more recent years when there were declines. So we find his statement .
Statement: You can't tell me they can (develop a safe vaccine) in eight to 10 months. Or a year. It takes more time than that.
Speaker: james edming
About the speaker: James Edming, R-Glen Flora, was elected to the Wisconsin state Assembly in 2014.
Date: March 23, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;coronavirus
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: In a speech detailing his distrust of scientists and the COVID-19 vaccine, Edming said, "You can’t tell me they can (develop a safe vaccine) in eight to 10 months. Or a year. It takes more time than that." Edming leaned on criticism of a medical treatment — not a vaccine — developed in the 1930s and released without a fraction of the scientific scrutiny given to the COVID-19 vaccines. And in any case, his conclusion is contrary to the overwhelming medical consensus and what we can clearly see from the worldwide rollout. Vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson (with others on the way) were able to develop as quickly as they did due to a breakthrough vaccine mechanism, billions in federal funding and an array of bureaucratic fast-tracking that allowed faster production, simultaneous trials and timely approvals. Those vaccines were together tested on more than 100,000 people. And with millions of people now safely and effectively vaccinated, we see that safety claims made based on the trials were indeed valid. Which makes Edming’s  . We rate Edming’s  .