chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Up to half of all Americans have a pre-existing condition.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 26, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a speech about the Affordable Care Act
Fact-check justification: Obama said up to half of all Americans have a pre-existing condition. A government study put the range at 19 percent to 50 percent. Most other studies suggest the percentage is less than 50 percent. The president relied on the highest estimate but qualified his  by saying "up to" which is technically accurate. We rate the statement .
Statement: If Wisconsin Gov. Tony Evers "had passed his (gas) tax increases ... fuel prices would be at least a dime higher.
Speaker: tony kurtz
About the speaker: Tony Kurtz, R-Wonewoc, Elected to Wisconsin Assembly 2018.
Date: April 7, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;gas prices;transportation
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Kurtz said if Evers "had passed his (gas) tax increases ... fuel prices would be at least a dime higher." By the numbers, a new analysis from the fiscal bureau shows prices would be 11.1 cents higher. That said, Kurtz skips over the fact the pocketbook may have been smaller, given the accompanying plan to eliminate the minimum markup law for gasoline.  For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, our rating is .
Statement: Says Gov. Pat McCrory "tried to cut education funding to its lowest budget share in over 30 years.
Speaker: roy cooper
About the speaker: Roy Cooper, a Democrat, is the governor of North Carolina. Previously he was the attorney general, a state senator and a state representative.
Date: August 29, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: candidate biography;education;negative campaigning;state budget;states
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Cooper said McCrory "tried to cut education funding to its lowest budget share in over 30 years." McCrory’s proposed budget in 2015 did suggest doing exactly that for the 2016-17 school year, although McCrory later adjusted his proposal in 2016, when his budget’s share of education funding would’ve been the highest since 2009-10. That’s a detail the ad leaves out, along with the fact that the share of the budget going to education also declined when Cooper was in the legislature. Since the statement is partially accurate but leaves out important context, we rate this  .
Statement: More lives have been lost because of the war with the drug cartels in Juarez alone, just a few blocks from the United States of America, than have been lost in the war in Afghanistan.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: July 16, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: afghanistan;immigration;crime
Context: an interview with Fox News
Fact-check justification: By Abbott's calculation, cobbled from various news and government reports, 258 more people were killed in Juarez than in Afghanistan between 2008 and this past summer, when Abbott appeared on Fox. But that's not what he said. He said more people have died as result of the drug war in Juarez, dating a couple years back, than have died as a result of the war in Afghanistan. That war started in 2001, and far as we can tell, more people have died from it. We rate Abbott's statement .
Statement: Tim Kaine "reduced higher education funding by 25 percent when he was governor, driving up tuition...
Speaker: scott lingamfelter
About the speaker: Scott Lingamfelter, R-Prince William, was first elected to the General Assembly in 2001. He represents the 31st District, which includes parts of Prince William and Fauquier counties. He serves as chairman of the house's Militia, Police and Public Safety Committee and is also on the Committees for Appropriations and Education. Lingamfelter ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor in 2013.
Lingamfelter, a business consultant, served in the U.S. Army on active duty for 28 years, retiring in 2001 as a colonel. He was awarded a Bronze Star in 1992.
He was born in New York City in 1951. He received a bachelor's degree in history from Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, in 1973 and a master's degree in government and public affairs from the University of Virginia in 1981. 
Date: February 22, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Lingamfelter said Kaine cut higher education by 25 percent, leading to higher tuition costs for in-state students. The delegate and the state GOP offered two sets of statistics to back the  about the cuts. Lingamfelter accurately referred to a SCHEV report showing per-student spending at four-year colleges dropped 25.4 percent from the 2006 to the 2011 state budget.  Republicans say bottom-line spending under Kaine decreased by 22.1 percent.  But to get to that number, they ignore increases to higher education made early in Kaine’s term and begin counting in 2008, when spending peaked, the recession set in and state politicians began to cut. We think the purest measurement comes from comparing the 2006 budget Kaine essentially inherited to his farewell proposal that offered a spending plan through 2012. That shows Kaine endorsed budgets that reduced higher education spending by 5.7 percent over six years. Lingamfelter’s statement puts full responsibility for the cuts on Kaine. But these were policy decisions that Lingamfelter and his fellow Republican delegates overwhelmingly supported by voting for state budgets. So Lingamfelter is correct in saying that state spending on colleges went down under Kaine and in-state tuition went up.  But the most basic, bottom-line statistics do not produce the dramatic scale of spending cuts that the Republican claims. And his comment omits that Kaine did not unilaterally enact budgets; he needed the General Assembly’s help. We rate Lingamfelter’s statement .
Statement: The fact of the matter is that my colleague from New York, Senator Clinton, there are 50 percent of the American public that say they're not going to vote for her.
Speaker: chris dodd
About the speaker: Chris Dodd is a former U.S. senator from Connecticut, having served in that post from 1981-2011. Dodd also ran unsuccessfully for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination and was a member of the U.S. House prior to his service in the Senate. He was born in Connecticut in 1944, graduated from Providence College and earned a law degree from the University of Louisville. Dodd is married to Jackie Marie Clegg. They have two children.
Date: October 30, 2007
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: Philadelphia
Fact-check justification: In 2007, Clinton's favorability went from 48 percent in August to 51 percent in December, noted Jeffrey Jones, managing editor of the Gallup Poll. "I would say with her favorability ratings now she could be electable," Jones said. "It would definitely be to her advantage if the Republican Party would nominate a candidate with high unfavorability." So Dodd is accurate when he cites polls that show 50 percent of the American public won't vote for Clinton. But the rest of the story is that it's not a dealbreaker as far as electibility goes.
Statement: In 1960, we spent more than 3 percent of our GDP on infrastructure projects like the Interstate Highway. Today we spend less than 1 percent of our GDP on these vital investments.
Speaker: gerry connolly
About the speaker: Gerald E. “Gerry” Connolly, a Democrat, has represented Virginia's 11th Congressional District in Congress since 2009. The district encompasses Fairfax County, Prince William County, and Fairfax City in Northern Virginia.
Connolly serves on the House Budget Committee, the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.
He is the Ranking Member of the Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations, which covers many key issues relating to Northern Virginia’s workforce and economy.  Connolly also serves on the Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Job Creation, and Regulatory Affairs.  He is a senior member of the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa and also serves on the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific.  
Connolly is vice-chair of the New Democrat Coalition, co-chairing its Technology, Education and Entrepreneurship Task Force, chair of the Smart Contracting Caucus, co-chair of the Sustainable Energy and Environment Caucus, co-chair of the Congressional Caucus on U.S.-Turkey Relations and Turkish Americans, co-chair of the Congressional Caucus on Korea, and co-chair of the Congressional Caucus on Taiwan.  
 Connolly received a B.A. in Literature from Maryknoll College in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, and a M.A. in Public Administration from Harvard University in 1979.
After graduating from Harvard, Connolly spent 10 years on the staff of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, where he handled numerous issues including oversight of international economic issues and policies concerning the Middle East and the United Nations.
 Connolly also worked in the non-profit and private sectors for organizations and companies involved in international trade, regulatory matters, and research.
Date: July 9, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: economy;infrastructure;transportation
Context: a written statement
Fact-check justification: Connolly wrote, "In 1960, we spent more than 3 percent of our GDP on infrastructure projects like the Interstate Highway. Today we spend less than 1 percent of our GDP on these vital investments." His figures don’t match the statistics in a number of reports his office sent us. Connolly says he was referring specifically to road and bridge construction. CBO and White House data show that -- when measured by GDP -- we’re spending about half as much on roads and bridges as we did in 1960. That’s a drop, but not as steep as the two-thirds plunge Connolly describes. Connolly’s statement is also void of the context that our interstate system, new in 1960, is now pretty much built out. Bottom line is that the congressman has the trend right, but his numbers and trajectory are off. We rate his statement .
Statement: Jihad will continue until all the Hindus, Christians, Buddhists, Atheists are killed. Your secularism & tolerance can not change our ideology. Quran does NOT permit survival of Non-Muslims. — Abdullah Zuber.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 20, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The man pictured in the Facebook post was acquitted in 2014 by a court in Kolkata, India, after spending eight years in jail on terror charges; his name is Abdullah Juber, not Zuber, AFP reported. The AFP also linked to a 2017 report on TwoCircles.net that said Juber’s photo was "being circulated for nefarious purposes with the aim of creating hatred towards Muslims." "Juber’s photograph which was exclusively captured by TwoCircles.net is being photoshopped and being circulated online with a quote which Juber never said," the 2017 TwoCircles.net post said. A quote about killing Hindus, Christians, Buddhists, Atheists and attributed to "Abdullah Zuber" is not real. We rate this Facebook post !
Statement: The Senate GOP plan does not raise taxes for Americans earning less than $70,000.
Speaker: thom tillis
About the speaker: Thom Tillis is a Republican who serves as U.S. Senator from North Carolina.
Date: November 29, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: taxes
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Tillis scolded a reporter for suggesting that Americans earning less than $70,000 would pay more in income taxes under the Senate’s plan to change the tax code. Initially, most – though not all – Americans in that income range would pay less in taxes. But after a few years, there would be more clear losers than clear winners in tax payments among members of that income group. Tillis is doing some selective presentation of the data. On balance, we rate his statement .
Statement: Says Joe Biden "imports oil from Iran.
Speaker: the gateway pundit
About the speaker: The Gateway Pundit is a conservative website.
Date: June 1, 2021
Topics: energy;iran;foreign policy;trade;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The U.S. brought the Achilleas to Houston, where it sold the oil, according to AP. Trump’s administration did a similar seizure. In August, it confiscated cargo in vessels allegedly loaded with Iranian fuel in violation of sanctions and sent them to Houston. Biden in January signed an executive order revoking the permit for the Keystone XL oil pipeline, halting its construction in the U.S. TC Energy Corp., the Canadian company that owns the Keystone XL with the Alberta government, said at the time it would lay off 1,000 or more workers, and had previously estimated that the pipeline would employ 11,000 Americans in 2021. For a post that contains only an element of , our rating is .
Statement: People defying stay-at-home order fill Arizona beaches.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 22, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: But the surfing is a lot better at Muizenberg Beach in Cape Town, South Africa, which is where this image appears to be from, judging by the row of painted huts on the sand. Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey issued a stay-at-home order that runs through April 30, and has made no decision on whether to extend it. He said he’ll be looking at the trends in coronavirus cases. Meanwhile, save your swimsuit for Arizona’s swimming holes and go after the crisis passes. We rate this post .
Statement: Job creation has gotten worse each year that Scott Walker has been governor.
Speaker: mary burke
About the speaker: Burke is a former Trek Bicycle executive and former Wisconsin Commerce Department secretary who announced on Oct. 7, 2013 that she would seek the Democratic nomination for governor in Wisconsin in the fall 2014 election against incument Republican Gov. Scott Walker. She lost to Walker on Nov. 4, 2014. She is a school board member in Madison, Wisconsin.
Date: September 29, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Burke said job creation has gotten worse each year that Scott Walker’s been governor. The data says that’s not the case -- it’s been an up and down performance. And employers have continued to add jobs, albeit not at a strong pace. We rate the  . (Read our tipsheet on five things to watch for when you hear jobs claims)
Statement: Democrats go full tyranny: now demand nationwide gun confiscation from law-abiding Americans ... at gunpoint, of course.
Speaker: revolutionradio.org
About the speaker: RevolutionRadio.org is a website.
Date: May 7, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact;guns
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: I know that guns can be used responsibly and the Second Amendment provides individuals certain rights to own firearms." A headline said that "Democrats go full tyranny: now demand nationwide gun confiscation from law-abiding Americans ... at gunpoint, of course." The story that followed wasn’t broadly about Democrats, but rather about one Democrat: U.S. Rep. Eric Swalwell. He proposed getting rid of assault weapons, but didn’t call for confiscating all guns. We rate this  .
Statement: The latest unemployment numbers have shown that nearly 315,000 Americans have simply given up hope when it comes to finding a job.
Speaker: paul broun
About the speaker: U.S. House Rep. Paul Broun, a Republican, is from Athens. He represents Georgia's 10th congressional district.
Date: December 13, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Broun was apparently led astray by credible news outlets, but the figure is still . November’s unemployment numbers did not show that "nearly 315,000 Americans have simply given up hope when it comes to finding a job." The ranks of discouraged workers had actually declined by about 186,000 since November 2010, and risen by about 133,000 since October. This means he’s off by hundreds of thousands of workers, no matter how you count it. Broun earns a .
Statement: Photo shows an ice mass hanging inside a Houston home during Texas winter storms.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 17, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: natural disasters ;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The photo does not depict damage from the February storm. A TinEye reverse image search shows the photo was shared online as early as 2018. The earliest post we could find is a Reddit thread that started Jan. 8, 2018. It suggests that the image shows a burst water pipe in Watertown, N.Y., which at least one local media outlet covered . We rate the post .
Statement: Florida's high school graduation rate falls well below the national average.
Speaker: alex sink
About the speaker: Alex Sink is a candidate for Congress in Florida's 13th Congressional District. She served as Florida's Chief Financial Officer from 2007 to 2011. She was the Democratic Party's nominee for governor in 2010, but lost to Rick Scott.
Date: July 8, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a statement on her campaign website
Fact-check justification: In short, multiple calculations determined Florida's graduation rate falls below the national average. As for the "well below," part of Sink's , both the National Center for Education Statistics and Diplomas Count put Florida among the bottom third of all the states. And, while Florida's most recent graduation rates show improvement -- during the 2008-2009 school year, the regular graduation rate rose to 78.6, the No Child Left Behind graduation rate rose to 76.2, and the National Governors Association rate climbed to 76.3 -- national groups have yet to evaluate the latest data, so we can't determine whether Florida has finally surpassed the average national graduation rate. Based on what we know and the latest data, we say Sink passed the test. We give this a .
Statement: ISIS didn't exist when my brother was president. Al-Qaida in Iraq was wiped out when my brother was president.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: May 20, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: iraq;foreign policy;terrorism
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Bush said, "ISIS didn't exist when my brother was President. Al-Qaida in Iraq was wiped out when my brother was president." There are problems with both pieces of Bush’s . Yes, a group called ISIS didn’t exist while Bush was president, but the roots of the organization were indeed present and operating under a different banner. As far as claiming al-Qaida was "wiped out," most experts consider that a stretch. The group’s power certainly diminished under Bush but it wasn’t wiped out. Bush’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  .
Statement: On key issues including taxes, health care, the Green New Deal, abortion, and guns, there is "no daylight between" Bernie Sanders and Joe Biden.
Speaker: republican national committee
About the speaker: The Republican National Committee is the national arm of the Republican Party.
Date: March 5, 2020
Topics: abortion;environment;immigration;criminal justice;education;health care;taxes;guns
Context: a mass email
Fact-check justification: The Republican National Committee said in a mass email that on about a dozen issues, there is "no daylight between" Bernie Sanders and Joe Biden. The email accurately portrays the candidates’ similarities on roughly half of the issues cited, including their positions on federal abortion funding, ending the death penalty, banning assault weapons, and the Green New Deal. However, the email is  on a similar number of other issues, including taxes, health care, free college tuition, and reparations for slavery. On balance, we rate the statement .
Statement: California has six extra" congressional representatives "because illegals are counted" in the census.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 23, 2020
Location: california
Topics: immigration;census;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says California has six "extra" U.S. House representatives because immigrants in the country illegally are counted in the census. Under the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, all residents are to be counted in the census for purposes of apportionment. The amendment does not refer to legal residency status. Census and demographic experts say California would have two to four fewer seats if immigrants who are here illegally were excluded from the count used to determine apportionment of House seats.  We rate the post .
Statement: Congress secured special Obamacare rules "to prevent their healthcare costs from rising.
Speaker: karen handel
About the speaker: Karen Handel is the former secretary of state of Georgia. She is also the former chair of the Fulton County Board of Commissioners. Handel, a Republican, lost the runoff for the GOP nomination for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: August 20, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: congress;health care
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: Handel’s basic  seems to be in the ballpark.   But it  needs a lot of context to be fully understood. It’s  that members of Congress and some of their staffs will continue to have an employer contribution toward their health insurance premiums. But they will also still have to go through the health care exchanges like other people. We rate Handel’s  .
Statement: 95 percent of job creators say Wisconsin is headed in the right direction.
Speaker: republican state leadership committee
About the speaker: The Washington, D.C.-based Republican State Leadership Committee describes itself as "the largest caucus of Republican state leaders in the country and the only national organization whose mission is to elect down-ballot, state-level Republican officeholders."
Date: October 9, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: corporations;jobs;small business
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: But that  has the same problems as the one Walker made. Our rating The Republican State Leadership Committee said: "95 percent of job creators say Wisconsin is headed in the right direction." The number is correct, but it comes from a small survey by one trade group and amounts to a sample that is not reflective of the overall makeup of state businesses. We rate the  . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel’s web page .