chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says there are fewer than 2,000 confirmed COVID-19 hospitalizations in the U.S.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 5, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: A chart from the Media Research Center claims there are less than 2,000 confirmed COVID-19 hospitalizations. The group looked at a sampling of data from 14 states. But that data includes only 10% of the U.S. population and not states like Florida and Texas, where more than 20,000 people are hospitalized alone.  We rate the post .
Statement: Barack Obama said, 'If we don't do something about this president, I will' at DNC fundraiser last night.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 12, 2019
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Searching the Nexis news database for the statement in the Facebook post and Obama’s name, we found no results. We also didn’t find the statement attributed to someone else in news articles. A more recent DNC fundraiser in Atlanta on June 6 featured presidential candidates Joe Biden and Beto O’Rourke, but news stories didn’t mention Obama . Because, it seems, he wasn’t there. We rate this statement .
Statement: The number of illegal immigrants in the United States is "30 million, it could be 34 million.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 24, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;census
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "Morning Joe."
Fact-check justification: Trump said the number of illegal immigrants in the United States is "30 million, it could be 34 million." The Department of Homeland Security says the number of illegal immigrants was about 11.4 million as of January 2012. Other independent groups that research illegal immigration put the number between 11 and 12 million. We found no compelling  that the number could as high as Trump said. Trump has provided no proof that the number of illegal immigrants is triple the widespread consensus. We rate this  .
Statement: Beyonce and Jay Z, I like them, I like them ... I get bigger crowds than they do. It's true. I get far bigger crowds.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 7, 2016
Location: national
Topics: elections;pop culture
Context: Raleigh, N.C
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Beyonce and Jay Z, I like them, I like them. And you know what they do? I get bigger crowds than they do. It's . I get far bigger crowds." There is no question Trump is fixated on the size of his crowds. And there is no question, this  -- as it relates to Beyonce and Jay Z -- is . We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/7060d01f-ad3c-4c4d-b7d0-3caedef0775c
Statement: Says Texas does not regulate the appearance of some kinds of imitation firearms sold in Texas.
Speaker: eddie lucio, jr.
About the speaker: Brownsville native Eddie Lucio, Jr., was first elected to the Texas Senate in 1990, after serving two terms in the Texas House of Representatives.
Date: January 6, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: criminal justice;crime;guns
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: There are no state-level regulations of the appearance of pellet/BB or airsoft guns sold in Texas, but federal law requires airsoft guns to have special markings -- a wrinkle Lucio did not clarify. We rate his statement .
Statement: Delaware has the "eighth-largest black population in the country
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: December 8, 2019
Location: national
Topics: race and ethnicity
Context: an interview with Axios
Fact-check justification: Biden said Delaware has the "eighth-largest black population in the country." As a low population state, Delaware does not have anywhere near the eighth largest black population in the country. Biden’s team told us he was referring to the percentage of black residents in states and D.C., which he didn’t specify in the Axios interview. Biden has used the statistic repeatedly in recent appearances — sometimes he says that he is referring to a percentage, and sometimes he doesn’t.  We rate his statement .
Statement: Cities in notoriously 'tough on crime' states like Texas and Florida saw a more significant increase in violent crime than cities in NYS.
Speaker: crystal peoples-stokes
About the speaker: Crystal D. Peoples-Stokes has been a member of the Assembly since 2003, and became majority leader in 2019. She lives in Buffalo.  
Date: March 29, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: crime;new york;texas
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The percentage increase in aggravated assaults, considered a violent crime, grew more in large cities in Texas and Florida than it did in New York.   But there are also cities in New York state that had greater increases than cities in Texas and Florida. Statewide, the increases in murders per 100,000 people was greater in New York than it was in Texas and in Florida.   Her  is partially accurate, but leaves out important context. We rate this .
Statement: If you can't get a test through Test Iowa, there are multiple other sites: your doctor, your clinics, your pharmacies, the stroke detection clinic centers.
Speaker: kim reynolds
About the speaker: Kim Reynolds, a Republican, has served as governor of Iowa since 2017.
Date: November 10, 2020
Location: iowa
Topics: health care;coronavirus
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: A quick check of the facts shows all of the areas Reynolds mentioned offer COVID-19 tests, though some are more accessible than others. Testing avenues such as Health Gauge and buying a test from places like Costco cost money, and organizations offering free testing might have qualifications to receive a test, and are not always in the most accessible locations for patients. We rate this statement as .
Statement: House Bill 991 "could lead to the opening of as many as 2,000 new liquor stores.
Speaker: wendell young
About the speaker: Wendell W. Young, IV is the president of the United Food and Commercial Workers Local 1776.
Date: March 31, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: alcohol
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Wendell Young, president of Local 1776, wrote in an op-ed that HB 991 "could lead to the opening of as many as 2,000 new liquor stores." Even though the bill sponsor doesn’t think the legislation would create that many new locations, Young’s estimate was indisputably fair here. We rate the  .
Statement: Say Oregon Reps. Peter DeFazio and Earl Blumenauer are "socialists who are openly serving in the U.S. Congress.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 12, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: candidate biography
Context: web pages
Fact-check justification: Misinformation and smear campaigns also are part of political life. But these persistent claims about socialists are riddled with errors and outright lies. Any one of the problems would be sufficient to discredit the report, but taken together, the effort is flagrantly . For that reason, we rate this : . Return to OregonLive to comment on this statement and ruling.
Statement: With retail, people are moving around and you don't have as much a chance to spread the virus (as you do) when people are sitting or standing indoors" for long periods of time.
Speaker: roy cooper
About the speaker: Roy Cooper, a Democrat, is the governor of North Carolina. Previously he was the attorney general, a state senator and a state representative.
Date: May 12, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: religion;coronavirus
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Cooper said shopping isn’t as likely to spread coronavirus as church services because "people are moving around and you don’t have as much a chance to spread the virus (as you do) when people are sitting or standing indoors." The world’s leading health organizations have not offered a risk comparison between shopping and attending a worship service in part because there are so many variables.  However, generally speaking, experts are definitely less worried about spaces where people can move freely than they are about spaces where people sit near each other for long periods of time. We rate this  .
Statement: Says an appointed board created under Obamacare "will have the ability to come between you and your doctor in determining the best treatment options for you!
Speaker: john carter
About the speaker: Carter, of Georgetown, was initially elected to the U.S. House in 2002. He is a former state district judge.
Date: July 31, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: health care
Context: a letter to constituents
Fact-check justification: Carter’s  has no factual foundation. We rate it .
Statement: The top 1 percent of income earners pay 40 percent of all state income taxes, and those at the bottom pay little or nothing.
Speaker: michael doherty
About the speaker: Michael Doherty is a Republican state Senator representing parts of Warren, Somerset and Hunterdon counties. He previously served in the state Assembly from 2002 to 2009.
Date: May 24, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: taxes
Context: an opinion piece
Fact-check justification: The senator said the top 1 percent of income earners in New Jersey pay 40 percent of all state income taxes and those at the bottom pay little or nothing. The state Treasury Department and two conservative-leaning organizations back up that , noting that the Garden State’s progressive income tax structure accounts for economic differences among residents by requiring those who earn more to pay more. A liberal-leaning organization notes that looking at all taxes, not just income tax, would show the impact of New Jersey’s tax structure on its residents. We rate Doherty’s statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: The Walton family, which owns Wal-Mart, controls a fortune equal to the wealth of the bottom 42 percent of Americans combined.
Speaker: one wisconsin now
About the speaker: One Wisconsin Now is a liberal advocacy group that focuses on advancing "progressive leadership and values."
Date: November 27, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: corporations;economy;income;labor;wealth
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: More Americans were left with "negative wealth" because they lost their biggest asset -- their home -- and often significant amounts of their savings, as well, she said. Our rating One Wisconsin Now wrote: "The Walton family, which owns Wal-Mart, controls a fortune equal to the wealth of the bottom 42 percent of Americans combined." For comparison purposes, the latest data available, for 2010, the figure is 41.5 percent. We rate the statement . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel's website .
Statement: Judithanne McLauchlan "was part of a group that supports imposing a state income tax on Floridians.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: September 22, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: taxes
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: The state GOP said McLauchlan "was part of a group that supports imposing a state income tax on Floridians." That’s a stretch. The group was the League of Women Voters of Florida, which concluded -- about a quarter century ago -- that a state income tax would be a fairer way to collect revenue for state programs. The group hasn’t lobbied for that goal (or even revisited its stance in years) and McLauchlan, as a member of the group, isn’t forced to espouse a position on that issue. She denies that she supports it. The statement contains an element of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Just for the record, the Biden Administration IS separating children and parents.
Speaker: glenn beck
About the speaker: Glenn Beck is the host of The Glenn Beck Program, a nationally syndicated talk-radio show. He also hosts an Internet-based TV show. Beck formerly hosted a television talk show on CNN Headline News and then Fox News.
Date: February 23, 2021
Topics: immigration;families;homeland security;pundits
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Dorms, classrooms, health care clinics, the barbershop and hair salon are inside buildings, HHS said. Beck said, "Just for the record, the Biden Administration IS separating children and parents." Beck linked to a Washington Post article that does not corroborate his claims about family separations. Immigrant rights groups and the federal agency that takes temporary custody of immigrant children said that they were not separated from their parents, they arrived unaccompanied. We rate Beck’s  .
Statement: Australia to Implement Quarantine Camps for the Unvaxed
Speaker: the charlie kirk show
About the speaker: The Charlie Kirk Show
Date: October 22, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A video post by The Charlie Kirk show said, " Australia to Implement Quarantine Camps for the Unvaxed." The state of Queensland is building a quarantine facility intended for arriving travelers, whether vaccinated or unvaccinated. In the future, the Australian government might impose different quarantine requirements on vaccinated and unvaccinated travelers, but unvaccinated people living in the country would not be put in camps. The post falsely implies that anyone who is unvaccinated will be isolated based solely on their vaccination status. We rate this  .
Statement: Said he won the Democratic primary "without one ... negative TV spot.
Speaker: roy barnes
About the speaker: Roy Barnes is the former governor of Georgia.
Date: August 11, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: message machine 2010;negative campaigning
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: "He just kept stealing all of my ideas." Still, Barnes' commercials were no love fest. Although he did not target candidates, he bad-mouthed special interests and big business. He also threw some punches at the state Legislature. We rule Barnes'  .
Statement: In 1975, then-U.S. Sen. Joe Biden opposed efforts by President Gerald Ford to aid South Vietnam and evacuate refugees.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 8, 2022
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that in 1975, then-U.S. Sen. Biden opposed efforts by Ford to aid South Vietnam and evacuate refugees. This  is based on a second-hand account from Rumsfeld’s book that lacks context about Biden’s stance at the time. Biden stated at the time that his priority was evacuating U.S. citizens and Vietnamese refugees from South Vietnam. He expressed concerns over funding that could be used to provide military aid to South Vietnam, instead of evacuating U.S. citizens and Vietnamese refugees. We rate this  .
Statement: Bowe Bergdahl wanders off during court-martial
Speaker: duffel blog
About the speaker: Duffel Blog is a satirical website about the military.
Date: October 12, 2017
Topics: fake news;military;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: All characters, groups, and military units appearing in these works are fictitious. Any resemblance to real persons, living or dead, or actual military units and companies is purely coincidental." We contacted a person affiliated with the website and he told us, "Our ‘about’ page is pretty straightforward." Bergdahl entered a plea during his hearing -- he did not wander off. We rate this headline .
Statement: The second booster has eight strains of HIV.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 2, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says, "The second booster has eight strains of HIV." The ingredients of COVID-19 vaccines are published and do not include HIV. The vaccine ingredients do not change between doses. Each shot in the COVID-19 vaccine mRNA vaccine series, including the booster, has the same ingredients. We rate this  !
Statement: I've either balanced every budget or we turned back a surplus.
Speaker: david a. clarke jr.
About the speaker: David A. Clarke Jr. served as Milwaukee County sheriff from 2002 to 2017.
Date: July 27, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: county budget;criminal justice
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Ten consecutive years." The numbers show it is actually eight consecutive years where the office didn’t have a deficit: Our rating Clarke said he’s balanced the budget or returned a surplus to Milwaukee County for every year since he became sheriff in 2002. But county numbers show he didn’t in 2003, 2012 and most likely won’t in 2013. We rate his  .
Statement: She flunked the D.C. bar exam.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: January 24, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a chain e-mail based on an article written by Dick Morris
Fact-check justification: So she followed Bill Clinton to Arkansas. She became a faculty member in the School of Law at the University of Arkansas, where Bill Clinton also taught. And in 1975, the two married. Wrote Bernstein: "There can only be conjecture about what turn her life — and the nation's — might have taken had she not failed the exam." But she did, and this statement is .
Statement: When he was asked a few years ago whether he could see himself lifting the cap on the payroll tax, (McCain) said, 'I could.' But today he's attacking me for holding the very same position.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 13, 2008
Location: national
Topics: medicare;social security
Context: Columbus, Ohio
Fact-check justification: Reacting to Obama's assertion, McCain's advisers told reporters in a June 2008 conference call that he would not "under any imaginable circumstance" consider raising the payroll tax. During the conference call, campaign advisers didn't address McCain's 2005 statement on Meet the Press. Neither McCain's campaign nor the Obama camp returned calls seeking more information. But the record is clear in verifying Obama's statement. We rule it .
Statement: Assault rifles already are banned.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: June 13, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: government regulation;terrorism;guns
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Those are essentially prohibited by federal laws. But that definition is narrow, and Johnson’s  gives a  impression of a comprehensive ban. Lawmakers, law enforcement officials and others widely refer to many semiautomatic weapons like the rifle used in Orlando and other mass shootings — which reload automatically but fire only once each time the trigger is depressed — as assault weapons. Those are not banned by federal law. For a statement that has an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is .
Statement: Quotes Joe Biden as saying "We need to teach our children the ISLAMIC FAITH in our schools!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 21, 2020
Topics: elections;religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post claimed that Biden said, "We need to teach our children the ISLAMIC FAITH in our schools!" He didn’t say the quote. At the summit, Biden said that Islam should be studied from a theology perspective, not that students should be taught Islamic faith. He also went on to include that all "great confessional religions'' should be talked about more in schools. We rate this .