chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Audio is of "the knocking they caught from the submarine" that imploded on the way to view the Titanic wreckage.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 21, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Facebook posts shared audio they claimed to be of knocking noises coming from the Titan submarine. There is no  the audio is authentic and U.S. and Canadian officials involved in the search for the sub said they have released no audio. A U.S. Coast Guard official said noises heard during the search are not believed to be related to the Titan. We rate the  .
Statement: On most things except witch trials, Virginia will always have been first.
Speaker: morgan griffith
About the speaker: Morgan Griffith, a Republican congressman, represents Virginia's 9th District, which includes much of Southwest and part of Southside Virginia. He was first elected to the U.S. House in 2010. He serves on the House's Energy and Commerce Committee, which includes assignments on the Health, Energy and Power, and Oversight and Investigations subcommittees.
He previously served in Virginia's House of Delegates from 1994 to 2011 and was the House Majority Leader beginning in 2000.
Griffith graduated in 1980 from Emory and Henry College, Emory, and obtained a law degree in 1983 from Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington.
Date: April 3, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: history;states
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Massachusetts is well known for its attempts to root out sorcery, but  shows Virginia held the first witchcraft trial in the colonies. Griffith deserves no toil or trouble for his jest. But his witticism, as much as we enjoyed it, is .
Statement: Unemployment has fallen from 10 percent during the president's first year in office to 8.5 percent today.
Speaker: hank johnson
About the speaker: Hank Johnson, a Democrat, represents Georgia's 4th Congressional District
Date: January 25, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: economy
Context: a press statement
Fact-check justification: But from October 2009 to December 2011, the economy gained jobs. Nonfarm payrolls actually rose by about 2.4 million. Unemployment dropped from 10 percent to 8.5 percent.    It’s easy to cherry-pick data that give opposite impressions of the nation’s economic health. With statistics, the devil’s in the details.
Statement: Pfizer launches final study for COVID drug that's suspiciously similar to 'horse paste'" ivermectin.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 28, 2021
Topics: drugs;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A blog post claimed: "Pfizer launches final study for COVID drug that's suspiciously similar to 'horse paste'" ivermectin. The drug Pfizer is testing to treat COVID-19 is structurally different from ivermectin, which has not been proven to prevent or treat COVID-19. We rate the post .
Statement: He's the only candidate who's balanced budgets and brought jobs to Providence.
Speaker: steven costantino
About the speaker: Steven Costantino has served in the R.I. House of Representatives since 1994 and has chaired the House Finance Committee since 2004. He ran for mayor of Providence in 2010.
Date: September 1, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: candidate biography;state budget
Context: a TV commercial
Fact-check justification: He said he voted in favor of the tax benefits that lured the GTECH headquarters to the capital city. He also supported a variety of ordinances needed for development of the Rhode Island Convention Center. Finally, he told us he added a handful of jobs to the Providence City Council office. Costantino is correct about his own record in crafting budgets and bringing jobs to Providence, but he gets it slightly  when he says he’s the only candidate who did so. We’re calling his statement .
Statement: During my tenure as governor, Wisconsin's overall tax burden went DOWN.
Speaker: tommy thompson
About the speaker: Tommy Thompson, a Republican, was a 2012 candidate for the U.S. Senate from Wisconsin. He served as governor of Wisconsin from 1987 until 2001, when he left office to become President George W. Bush's secretary of health and human services. He previously spent 20 years in the Wisconsin Assembly. Thompson briefly ran for president, withdrawing in 2007.
Date: October 4, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a campaign fundraising email
Fact-check justification: The drop in the tax bite came late in the Thompson era, and some particular levies such as income taxes were on a wild roller-coaster ride. Further, data weaknesses prevent a precise judgment of the trends. But Thompson referred specifically to the overall tax burden, a measure that is commonly cited in multiple studies. And based on frequently cited studies, our own calculations and observations by experts, his  is on target with some clarification. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Mark Hass "raised your taxes by $1 billion in a single day.
Speaker: taxpayer association of oregon
About the speaker: Taxpayer Association of Oregon was founded by Jason Williams and Don McIntire in 2000. Don McIntire is most commonly known as the father of Measure 5, the 1990 property tax limitation measure).  Jason Williams is best known for working with Oregonians In Action.
Date: October 30, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: taxes
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: He agreed context is important, but noted that the bill numbers and years of passage were included in the mailer. The last time we looked at this , we gave it a . We noted then, as we do now, that while lawmakers did vote for $1 billion in new taxes in a single day, there were some important details missing -- the timing of the taxes, who had approved them and who was being taxed. The mailer’s statements deserve some additional clarity, but we don’t think they ignore critical facts. We rate this  .
Statement: If you shopped at Walmart in 2022, you could be entitled to a $500 refund!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 20, 2023
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: PolitiFact reached out to Walmart but did not receive a response before publication. We found no news stories or other  that the company is offering a $500 refund.   On the "fraud alert" section of Walmart’s website, the company advises, "Don’t click on or respond to online ads or websites offering free gift cards. These are often scams." We rate the  that Walmart is giving customers $500 refunds .
Statement: Barack Obama began his presidency "with an apology tour.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: August 30, 2012
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: Tampa
Fact-check justification: Romney said Obama began his presidency "with an apology tour." But a review of Obama’s foreign travels and remarks during his early presidency showed no  to support such a blunt and disparaging . (In later years, we found two formal apologies, but they were not at the start of his presidency and not part of a tour.) While Obama's speeches contained some criticisms of past U.S. actions, he typically combined those passages with praise for the United States and its ideals, and he frequently mentioned how other countries had erred as well. We found not a single, full-throated apology in the bunch. Calling those remarks "an apology tour" is a  charge. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Video of man using an air-quality monitor proves that people are "not getting enough oxygen" while wearing masks
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 23, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: That research is specifically on N95 masks, and doesn’t apply to thin surgical masks and cloth masks, which McKay assumes will have better oxygen concentrations because of their relaxed fit. Our rating In a video on Facebook, a man uses an air-quality monitor to prove that people are "not getting enough oxygen" while wearing masks. While the sensor he used is probably showing a somewhat accurate reading, experts explained that this sensor can’t pick up on how the oxygen within the atmosphere of the mask changes with each breath. Unless you are using an N95 or sealed mask, you probably won’t experience dangerously low oxygen levels or get a headache from wearing a mask.   We rate this  .
Statement: The city of Austin has "removed, seemingly, any legal consequences to the actions where the homeless lie, sleep, where they defecate.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: January 7, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: homeless
Context: a press gaggle
Fact-check justification: Abbott said that Austin officials "have removed, seemingly, any legal consequences to the actions where the homeless lie, sleep, where they defecate." Austin has taken steps to allow for public camping in more areas than were previously permissible, but there are still limitations to where people who are homeless are allowed to sleep and lie in public — and legal consequences in place for violating the policy. The city has not changed its policies surrounding public urination or defecation — both actions are prohibited. We rate this  .
Statement: Says a 2007 immigration bill "was opposed by (the League of United Latin American Citizens), the largest Latino organization in America. The Southern Poverty Law Center called its guest-worker programs akin to slavery. … And you know who voted with me on that one, Joe? Barack Obama.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: March 15, 2020
Topics: immigration;homeland security;voting record
Context: a Democratic presidential primary debate
Fact-check justification: As a senator, Obama did vote with Sanders in 2007 to limit a proposed temporary worker program, but so did Biden. Both Biden and Obama eventually voted on three motions to end debate and move on to a vote on the final immigration bill. Sanders did not vote to end the debate. Sanders’ statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Kids in cages" in border facilities are "at 700% capacity.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 10, 2021
Topics: immigration;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A widely shared Facebook post claimed: "Kids in cages" in border facilities are "at 700% capacity." The term "cage" is a subjective one that Democrats used to attack the Trump administration’s policy of separating children from their parents and temporarily housing them in facilities with chain-link enclosures. A Texas tent complex that houses migrant children temporarily has been at more than 700% capacity, as record numbers of children cross the Mexico border. But the Biden administration’s policy is to house unaccompanied minors while they await immigration proceedings and not to return them to Mexico.  The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Says "Hillary (Clinton) wants to increase the number (of Syrian refugees) by 500 percent.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: July 20, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a speech at the Republican convention
Fact-check justification: Gingrich said Clinton "wants to increase the number (of Syrian refugees) by 500 percent." Clinton has said she’d like the country to move from 10,000 Syrian refugees under Obama’s plan to 65,000, an increase that could be as high as 550 percent. Gingrich said the United States cannot screen the additional refugees, but that ignores the average screening process of one to two years and involving in-person interviews and NGO referrals. With that caveat, we rate Gingrich’s statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/ea5b1b52-e987-468b-9364-7878b1087b5b
Statement: Says Bernie Sanders has said "things like women get cancer from having too many orgasms, or toddlers should run around naked and touch each others' genitals to insulate themselves from porn … He's written about women's rape fantasies.
Speaker: tim o'brien
About the speaker: Tim O'Brien is a senior adviser to Mike Bloomberg's 2020 presidential campaign. Previously, he was the executive editor of Bloomberg Opinion.
Date: February 25, 2020
Location: national
Topics: sexuality
Context: a CNN interview
Fact-check justification: O’Brien said Sanders has said "things like women get cancer from having too many orgasms, or toddlers should run around naked and touch each others' genitals to insulate themselves from porn … He's written about women's rape fantasies." O’Brien got the first detail backwards. Nearly five decades ago, Sanders wrote about the possibility that women could get cancer from having too few orgasms, not too many. Sanders also wrote about a revolutionary order in which toddlers would not be chastised for public nudity, noting that such a world could have negative consequences for the porn industry. Finally, Sanders wrote about women’s rape fantasies in an essay on gender stereotypes. We rate O'Brien's statement .
Statement: Mike Bloomberg owns more wealth than the bottom 125 million Americans.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: February 19, 2020
Topics: income;poverty
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "Mike Bloomberg owns more wealth than the bottom 125 million Americans." The numbers check out. It’s worth noting, however, that since the bottom 37% of households — a number that adds up to roughly 123 million Americans — are collectively $44 billion in the red, millions of Americans are also richer than the collective bottom 37% of households. We rate the statement .
Statement: Quotes Mark Twain as saying of journalists that it is "far better" to "fear the media for they will steal your honor" and describes them as "a horde of ignorant, self-complacent simpletons…
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 22, 2019
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A social media post attributes Mark Twain as saying it is "far better" to "fear the media" and "that awful power, the public of a nation, is created in America by a horde of ignorant, self-complacent simpletons.." Twain certainly had some things to say about the power of the press and the liberties he felt some members of the press took during his lifetime. But, the first half of the quote – that is better to "fear the media" over the "enemy" because the media will "take your honor" – appears to be fabricated. The second portion of the quote accurately displays words he said during an address in 1873. That’s why we rate it .
Statement: A defense bill "includes language that would require military hospitals to provide abortions on demand.
Speaker: john cornyn
About the speaker: John Cornyn is a U.S. senator from Texas, former Texas attorney general and former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He earlier served as a Bexar County state district judge.
Date: September 21, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: abortion
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: The defense bill stalled before the Senate includes language allowing military hospitals to provide abortions in cases beyond the existing permissible instances of rape, incest or when the mother's life is endangered. But allowing is not the same as requiring. Contrary to Cornyn's , we see no mandate in the proposed change. As for military hospitals performing abortions "on demand," there are so many conditions on availability — even with the amendment — that Cornyn's description goes too far. We find the statement .
Statement: (Brendan) Doherty wants to raise the eligibility age for Social Security benefits for anyone born after 1960, with no regard for the challenges it would cause for people working in physically demanding occupations.
Speaker: david cicilline
About the speaker: David Cicilline was elected to the 1st Congressional District in 2010. Before that, he was mayor of Providence, beginning in January, 2003. A Brown University graduate, he received his law degree from Georgetown University Law Center.
Date: August 9, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: federal budget;health care;medicare;social security
Context: a campaign flier
Fact-check justification: A David Cicilline campaign flier says Brendan Doherty wants to raise the eligibility age for Social Security benefits for anyone born after 1960 "with no regard for the challenges it would cause for people working in physically demanding occupations." But the Cicilline campaign provided no  that Doherty ever espoused that position. Attacking someone for what he hasn’t specifically said -- that he supports the exemption -- defies logic, particularly since Doherty says he does support the Simpson-Bowles proposal, which would include the hardship exemptions if the eligibility age is raised. We rate the statement . (Get updates from PolitiFact Rhode Island on Twitter: @politifactri . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Says a drug test can be performed for "just $4 or $5.
Speaker: stacey campfield
About the speaker: Stacey Campfield represents District 7 -- part of Knox County -- in Tennessee's state Senate.
Date: December 21, 2011
Location: tennessee
Topics: drugs;welfare
Context: interview with Knoxville News Sentinel's Tom Humphrey
Fact-check justification: Campfield clarified to us that he was referring just to the cost of the individual tests, and believes the legislation will result in the state saving a substantial amount of money, not spending more. He said the savings would come from not paying benefits to people who test positive - or who don’t apply for benefits knowing they will test positive. Once the bill is filed, legislative staff of the state’s Fiscal Review Committee will do a fiscal note estimating costs to the state. Our Ruling Campfield’s  that initial five-panel tests for illegal drugs can cost $5 or less is accurate, although it is unclear how other costs, for things like re-testing and administration, could affect the ultimate per-person cost of each individual test. We rate this .
Statement: There is a real law in Texas that says it's illegal to own more than six dildos.
Speaker: colin jost
About the speaker: Colin Jost joined the cast of NBC-TV's "Saturday Night Live" as co-anchor of the program's Weekend Update segment in 2014.
Date: October 7, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: legal issues;sexuality;states
Context: a Weekend Update report on NBC-TV's "Saturday Night Live"
Fact-check justification: Jost said: "There is a real law in Texas that says it’s illegal to own more than six dildos." Such a cap on "obscene devices" has been state law since the 1970s though it’s worth clarifying that the law  hasn’t been enforced since federal appeals judges found it unconstitutional in 2008. We rate the  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: We were promised (the stimulus) would provide 'green jobs' for Americans, but 80% of the $2 billion they spent on alternative energy went to purchase wind turbines built in China!
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: February 17, 2010
Location: national
Topics: energy;stimulus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: And, more importantly, says Choma, none of these American subsidiaries is owned by Chinese companies. While the Texas deal may eventually shuttle some stimulus dollars to China through the purchase of turbines, the deal is still in the works. So, it's  to say that any stimulus money has gone to Chinese turbine manufacturers, let alone 80 percent of the $2 billion spent on renewable energy projects. Ultimately, we found that Palin mixed up and misrepresented the facts. For that, we find her  to be .