chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Right now, in the average Texas fourth grade classroom, 7 out of 10 kids cannot read at grade level.
Speaker: beto o'rourke
About the speaker: Beto O’Rourke is a former representative of Texas’s 16th Congressional District. He represented the district from 2013 until 2019, when he gave up his seat to run a senate campaign against incumbent Ted Cruz, which O’Rourke lost. He received a bachelor’s degree in English literature from Columbia University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: November 19, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: a rally
Fact-check justification: In a series of criticisms against Gov .  Greg Abbott, Democratic gubernatorial candidate Beto O'Rourke said, "Right now, in the average Texas fourth grade classroom, 7 out of 10 kids cannot read at grade level."   This matches data from the national assessment standard for proficient, as defined by the National Center for Education Statistics. To get a different view, it's important to note that Texas has its own definition of reading at grade level. Texas, alongside many other states, has lower standards than the national assessment. But the state's own assessment results indicate 64% of fourth grade students did not meet grade level for reading in 2021, not far off from the national data. We rate this  , meaning the statement is accurate but needs additional information or context.
Statement: The man next to Mike Pompeo in a November 2020 photo "is the guy the Trump administration helped get out of jail in 2018 and who is now the 'president' of Afghanistan.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 17, 2021
Topics: afghanistan;foreign policy
Context: on social media
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post said, "Guy next to @mikepompeo here in November of 2020 is the guy the Trump administration helped get out of jail in 2018 and who is now the 'president' of Afghanistan." As secretary of state, Pompeo tweeted a photo of himself at negotiations with Baradar, and the U.S. envoy chosen by Trump publicly confirmed that he requested Baradar’s release from prison in Pakistan. However, it’s too early to say that Baradar will be "president" of Afghanistan, since no such decision has been publicly announced. We rate the statement .
Statement: 30,000 scientists have come forward confirming that man-made climate change is a hoax perpetuated by the elite in order to make money.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 2, 2017
Topics: climate change;fake news;punditfact
Context: an article on an unreliable website
Fact-check justification: An article on the News Punch website said that "30,000 scientists have come forward confirming that man-made climate change is a hoax perpetuated by the elite in order to make money." The source is a well-known petition project. The key flaw is that the petition challenges the science, but it doesn’t cast human-driven climate change as a hoax aimed at making some people rich. That is pure interpretation by the website. The use of the word "scientists" is , since a signatory need not be a scientist today and need not have done more than earned a bachelor of science degree in any field. The actual number of climate-related specialists is about 12 percent of the total. And these are not currently confirmed signatories as the list has been circulating since 1998. For all these reasons, we rate this  .
Statement: For Social Security, which is projected to remain solvent through 2033, Whitehouse has cosponsored [a bill that] . . . would extend the life of the program by an additional 75 years.
Speaker: sheldon whitehouse
About the speaker: Sheldon Whitehouse is a Democratic U.S. Senator from Rhode Island.
Date: August 15, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: federal budget;poverty;social security;wealth;taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse said, "For Social Security, which is projected to remain solvent through 2033, Whitehouse has cosponsored [a bill that] . . . would extend the life of the program by an additional 75 years." In fact, removing the income cap for collecting tax money to pay for the program would extend the viability of Social Security for 75 years from now, not from 2033. Whitehouse's office quickly acknowledged the error. In this case, we're talking about a difference of 21 years, between 2087 and 2108. We rate his statement  . (Get updates from PolitiFact Rhode Island on Twitter: @politifactri . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Wisconsin has "one of the most progressive tax codes in the country.
Speaker: dale kooyenga
About the speaker: Dale Kooyenga, born February 12, 1979, was elected as a Republican in the fall of 2010 to represent the 14th District for the Wisconsin State Assembly. He was re-elected in 2012. He lives in Brookfield in suburban Milwaukee. Kooyenga, an accountant, is part of the so-called "CPA Caucus" in the Assembly. He is a U.S. Army veteran of the Iraq War and earned a Bronze Star for his service, his official bio states.
Date: May 27, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: income;jobs;taxes
Context: an opinion piece
Fact-check justification: That, in Kooyenga’s view, is one of the inappropriate "social objectives" in the tax code, his office told us. Our rating PItching his plan to begin flattening the Wisconsin state income tax code, Kooyenga said Wisconsin has "one of the most progressive tax codes in the country." Kooyenga was talking about income taxes, and it’s clear from two national studies that Wisconsin’s tax is more progressive than two-thirds to four-fifths of the states that levy such a tax, depending on the study. So Wisconsin is clearly in the upper tier, but not in elite of the elite. We rate the  .
Statement: According to Wikipedia, there are only five countries in the entire planet that are more unequal than the United States in the distribution of our wealth.
Speaker: alan grayson
About the speaker: Alan Grayson was initially elected to Congress in 2008, then defeated for re-election in 2010. He was elected again to Congress from a different district in 2012. He lost the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate in Florida in 2016.
Date: October 10, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: income;occupy wall street;workers
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "The Rachel Maddow Show"
Fact-check justification: The peer-reviewed data backs up Grayson’s  that "there are only five countries in the entire planet that are more unequal than the United States in the distribution of our wealth." Had Grayson used "income" rather than "wealth," the answer would have been much more mixed. But Grayson was admirably careful in his phrasing. So we rate this  .
Statement: By using a little-known loophole ... Obama minions are allowing Nestle Company to export precious fresh water out of Lake Michigan.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 9, 2013
Location: national
Topics: environment;corporations;legal issues;regulation;states
Context: various Internet postings
Fact-check justification: Bloggers have said that "by using a little-known loophole ... Obama minions are allowing Nestle Co. to export precious fresh water out of Lake Michigan." There is an ongoing debate over whether Great Lakes water should be sold commercially out of the region, but Obama’s role in creating, approving and enforcing the Great Lakes Compact on an ongoing basis -- which is likely the driving reason the  has attracted attention on social media -- is actually minimal, experts say. In other words, his "minions" have not meddled in this dispute. The  contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: We've signed more bills -- and I'm talking about through the legislature -- than any president ever.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 17, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: congress;history;legal issues
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: They include, among others: two federal spending bills of the sort required periodically of every president and Congress to keep the government running; a bill overhauling government-employee travel policy; a bill about the United States competing for an international expo; a measure addressing Department of Homeland Security vehicle fleets; and the official naming of a federal courthouse in Tennessee. (Trump’s Pinocchio reference, by the way, was to the rating system used by our friends at the Washington Post Fact Checker.) Our rating Trump said: "We’ve signed more bills -- and I’m talking about through the legislature -- than any president ever." The 42 bills he had signed into law through 178 days in office trails the number signed by at least six other presidents at that point in their presidencies. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: We have (people detained by ICE) that have to be seen within 24 hours, while veterans are seen within months.
Speaker: tim westley
About the speaker: Tim Westley is a 2022 candidate for Texas Land Commissioner. Westley runs against Texas state senator Dawn Buckingham in the May 2022 primary runoff election to be the Republican candidate for Land Commissioner. Westley is an educator and veteran. 
Date: March 30, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;border security;health care;public health;veterans
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Texas land commissioner candidate Tim Westley said, "When we talk about illegal immigration, and we have illegal immigrants that have to be seen within 24 hours, while veterans are seen within months." In follow-up emails, Westley specified he was referring to health screenings administered by ICE and the triaging system. Immigrants in ICE custody do not have quick access to medical care, though the agency's goal is to identify potential health issues by administering health screenings within 12 hours and health assessments within two weeks. Veterans wait an average of just over a month for referrals to medical professionals, though some may wait longer depending on the service they need and geography. Detention facility health services and veterans' medical services are dissimilar and unrelated, and comparing the two is not an apples-to-apples comparison.  We rated this  .
Statement: Dropped globe in video shows NASA astronauts filming in TV studio.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 8, 2023
Topics: space;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram video claimed that a plastic globe dropped by an astronaut shows that the video of the International Space Station was filmed in a TV studio. But the video showed only part of the story. The full video showed the globe floating up into the frame a few seconds later. It also showed the globe and microphones floating at separate points.   The  is .
Statement: More children die in agricultural jobs than in any other industry.
Speaker: rashad taylor
About the speaker: Rashad Taylor, a Democrat from Atlanta, is a member of the Georgia House of Representatives.
Date: March 20, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: children;labor
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Maybe not. We rate his  . Update The following section was inadvertently edited out of the print version of Tuesday’s PolitiFact Georgia regarding a statement by state Rep. Stacey Abrams on Georgia’s per-capita spending: (This item will not evaluate Abrams’ moose , though we warn her that she may receive calls from irate fans of South Dakota elk. Elk are common there. Their moose cousins tend to live farther north. )
Statement: Says crime statistics show blacks kill 81 percent of white homicide victims.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 22, 2015
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted an image that made various statistical claims, including that blacks kill 81 percent of white homicide victims. Almost every number in the image is . The statistics on white victims are exaggerated five-fold. The police-related deaths are off as well. We rate this  .
Statement: Louisiana is turning down $100 million "that would require us to change our unemployment law, that would have actually raised taxes on Louisiana businesses.
Speaker: bobby jindal
About the speaker: Bobby Jindal is the governor of Louisiana and a candidate for president in 2016. He was elected to his first term in 2007. Prior to that, he served as a congressman from 2004 to 2008, representing the suburban areas north of New Orleans.
Date: February 22, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus;taxes
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press."
Fact-check justification: He is right that the $100 million he turned down would have required Louisiana to change its unemployment law. But he can't be sure that it would mean higher taxes based on that alone. It depends how the economy rebounds and how the costs are allocated. The law itself does not require tax increases. For this reason, we find his statement .
Statement: Says Sen. Jeanne Shaheen's "wealth has surged while in public office.
Speaker: ending spending action fund
About the speaker: The Ending Spending Action Fund describes itself as “an independent organization that proudly supports candidates regardless of party affiliation who favor enhancing free enterprise, reducing the size of government, and balancing our nation's budget.” It was founded in 2010 under another name by Joe Ricketts, a businessman who founded TD Ameritrade and whose family owns the Chicago Cubs baseball club, according to Open Secrets, a website that tracks money in politics. Ricketts has said he is a registered independent.
Date: August 25, 2014
Location: national
Topics: congress;income;message machine 2014;negative campaigning
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The Ending Spending Action Fund ad claims "Shaheen’s wealth has surged while in public office." By one measure, Shaheen’s net worth has actually gone down since she took office. Though she and her husband have listed more assets, investments and financial ventures than in 2008, they also have considerably more debt from more mortgages. Her tax returns, filed jointly with her husband, have shown wide fluctuations in income since 2006, making it hard to discern whether her wealth "surged." Her 2013 income was just slightly higher than her average earnings during the past eight years. Ending Spending pointed to a story that has raised questions about the business practices of Shaheen’s husband and their relation to her votes in Congress. However, the findings of the story don’t indicate a surge in wealth by the family. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: North Carolina's health department is "telling hospitals that if they decide to do elective surgeries, they won't be eligible to receive (protective equipment) from the state.
Speaker: warren daniel
About the speaker: Warren Daniel is a state Senator in North Carolina's 46th district, which includes Avery, Burke and Caldwell counties.
Date: April 23, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Sen. Daniel tweeted: "It’s being reported that NC DHHS is telling hospitals that if they decide to do elective surgeries, they won’t be eligible to receive PPE from the state." Let’s break that down. The only "report" Daniel cited -- and the only report PolitiFact could track down -- was a conversation between a DHHS staffer and a representative for the North Carolina Healthcare Association. DHHS denied that the staffer said what the association’s representative claimed, describing their conversation as a misunderstanding.  Daniel said "DHHS is telling hospitals" about the conditions for receiving PPE. But hospitals who spoke to PolitiFact said they were never given the alleged ultimatum.  Daniel’s tweet also tied the ultimatum to secretary Cohen. But, in her email to PolitiFact, the association’s representative didn’t tie the "notion" to Cohen, and we couldn’t find any other  that DHHS threatened to withhold PPE from hospitals that resumed elective surgeries.  This leaves us with a he said-she said situation about a  that never came to fruition. Given Daniel’s  lacks , we rate it .
Statement: Says Austin has "been ranked repeatedly as one of the most, if not the most, economically segregated cities in the country.
Speaker: greg casar
About the speaker: Gregorio "Greg" Casar was initially elected to the Austin City Council in 2014. He represents the city's District 4.
Date: May 8, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: city government;history;race and ethnicity;poverty;wealth
Context: an Austin American-Statesman news story
Fact-check justification: Casar said Austin has "been ranked repeatedly as one of the most, if not the most, economically segregated cities in the country." Austin and the Austin region have repeatedly been ranked among the nation’s most economically segregated areas. We didn’t find a ranking that placed the city or area No. 1 by this indicator though the University of Toronto study ranked the Austin area first among areas of 1 million residents or more. In that analysis, the Austin area landed third overall. We rate Casar’s  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The leading cause of death among children is a firearm.
Speaker: charles schumer
About the speaker: Charles Schumer is a Democratic senator from New York and the Senate majority leader.
Date: May 25, 2022
Location: new york
Topics: corrections and updates;public health;guns
Context: a floor speech
Fact-check justification: Schumer claimed that the leading cause of death among children is a firearm.  Among children between the ages of one and 18, and ages one and 19, this is , based on several analyses of CDC data, the leading source for data regarding causes of death.  There are significant causes of death unique to babies up to a year old, such as congenital abnormalities, which is why researchers typically don’t include infants when studying causes of death among children and adolescents.  We rate his  , because what he said is accurate but needs some clarification.  CORRECTION, June 6, 2022: Jaclyn Schildkraut is   a researcher at the Rockefeller Institute of Government . An earlier version of this story misspelled her name.
Statement: Since NAFTA's adoption, the United States racked up trade deficits totaling more than $2 trillion.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 1, 2018
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;trade
Context: a White House press event
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Since NAFTA’s adoption, the United States racked up trade deficits totaling more than $2 trillion." The trade deficit is different from the national debt in that it is not money owed to another country in the future. But if you compile the trade deficit for goods alone, Trump is on target. The amount might be smaller once services are factored in. It’s worth noting that this statistic emphasizes the negative impacts of the trade deal but ignores positive impacts, such as significant increases in U.S. exports to both countries. We rate the statement .
Statement: Every 10th dollar spent by the Social Security Administration on its program for the poor is "waste, or fraud, they can't validate that the people should have gotten it," totaling about $8 billion a year.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: June 15, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget;social security
Context: an interview on the “The Neal Boortz Radio Show” on Atlanta’s AM 750 and 95.5 FM
Fact-check justification: Still, Gingrich’s broader point holds . SSI makes billions of dollars in improper payments. Dollar-wise, they account for a majority of the Social Security Administration’s mistakes. We therefore give him a . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/84e46582-0caa-4e67-817f-61134e3ea461
Statement: When asked about court-packing, Biden's staff immediately escorts the camera out.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 26, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: The Trump campaign said that Biden staff hustled reporters away to cut off his stumbling answer to a question. The full video shows a different scene. Biden had already given a long answer to a question about court packing and seemed to be following up with one reporter for even more comments. The Trump video plucks one moment out of context. We rate this  .
Statement: Texas man admits kidnapping 79 people.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 18, 2019
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: That’s because the story originated on a satire site . World News Daily Report notes that "all characters appearing in the articles in this website — even those based on real people — are entirely fictional and any resemblance between them and any person, living, dead or undead, is purely a miracle. "   But the Instagram post lacks that caveat, or any other clues to help social media users understand that the headline isn’t real.   We rate this Instagram post .