chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: If we manufactured 5-million of these 2.5-meg windmills across the country, we could electrify the entire nation — the entire nation.
Speaker: mike gravel
About the speaker: Mike Gravel is a former senator from Alaska. Gravel served as senator from 1969 until 1981 and ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008.. He is also a former lieutenant in the U.S. Army, serving from 1951 to 1954. Gravel received a bachelor’s degree in economics from Columbia University School of General Studies. In 2019, he announced he is running for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: September 26, 2007
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Hanover, N.H
Fact-check justification: Wiser said scientific studies are still in draft form, but they look promising. Currently, the United States gets between 0.8 and 1 percent of its electricity from wind power. President Bush has spoken approvingly of wind energy, because of its minimal impact on the environment. The Wall Street Journal reported in July 2007 that the U.S. wind industry, which has lagged behind its counterpart in Europe, is now ramping up. Demand is strong for the high-tech parts used to build wind turbines, so much so that shortages are preventing new projects from starting.
Statement: Attorney General Eric Holder's own Justice Department precleared the voting changes in the 2011 law" about early voting in Florida.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: August 1, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: a press statement
Fact-check justification: Scott and his campaign said Florida’s 2011 voting changes were precleared by the Holder’s Justice Department. That statement ignores the fact that the department only signed off on the state’s plan after the state agreed to offer the maximum number of early voting hours in some counties to satisfy a court ruling. So approval came only after the state committed to offering the maximum number of hours in places that had a past history of discrimination. Scott's statement leaves out important details that led to Holder’s Department signing off on Florida’s election plan. We rate his  .
Statement: Says President Donald Trump has donated $1 million to a relief fund for the Bahamas in the wake of Hurricane Dorian while no other politicians have contributed any money.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 8, 2019
Topics: weather;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Several high-profile companies and celebrities, including Disney and Michael Jordan , have pledged $1 million to Dorian victims. So have cruise brands like Royal Caribbean and Norwegian Cruise Line. And, following Hurricane Harvey in 2017, Trump did donate $1 million of his own money to charities helping with recovery efforts in Houston — a move that was announced by the White House at the time. But there’s no  that Trump has made a similar commitment for the Bahamas. We rate the Facebook post .
Statement: The FBI building in Washington is "completely closed. No one's in there.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 14, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The FBI later sent PolitiFact this statement: "The FBI headquarters building at 935 Pennsylvania Avenue NW is open and fully operational, as are all of our field offices. "  The Associated Press reported that a reporter who works near the building confirmed that people were coming and going from the building on June 14 and in the days since. The video wasn’t taken from Pennsylvania Avenue but from the side of the FBI building on E St NW . The Google Maps street view from this vantage point — taken in November 2019 — is similar to what appears in the Facebook video.   We rate this  .
Statement: 21% of 140,000 ballots were found to be in error in GA.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 22, 2021
Location: georgia
Topics: national;elections
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Facebook posts said "21% of 140,000 ballots were found to be in error in GA." There has been no official finding to that effect. The  appears to be based on uncorroborated allegations by a plaintiffs witness in a lawsuit seeking to inspect absentee ballots cast in Fulton County. The Secretary of State’s office rejected the witness’s  as . A judge granted the plaintiffs’ request, but his order didn’t mention anything about the alleged error rate. Georgia’s top statewide election officials, who are Republicans, have audited, certified and stood by results showing that Biden won the state. The Facebook post cites a speculative  about a 21% error rate. We rate this statement . RELATED:  that Georgia decertified the election is a  falsehood RELATED: Here’s why Georgia’s Republican officials are confident in their presidential election results RELATED: Fowl play? Social media users falsely  Arizona ballots were destroyed in chicken farm fire
Statement: Says the coronavirus can be slowed or stopped with the "immediate widespread use of high doses of vitamin C.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 27, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says that taking high doses of vitamin C will slow or even stop the coronavirus.  There’s no  that the supplement has any effect on the coronavirus. There is currently no vaccine or medicine recommended for the virus.  We rate this .
Statement: (Mary) Burke was a senior member of the Doyle administration that left Wisconsin with 130,000 fewer jobs.
Speaker: republican governors association
About the speaker: the gubernatorial campaign arm of the Republican Party.
Date: February 13, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a campaign TV ad
Fact-check justification: Our rating The Republican Governors Association charged that "Burke was a senior member of the Doyle administration that left Wisconsin with 130,000 fewer jobs." There’s an element of , but the ad ignores the critical fact that Burke also worked in half of Doyle’s first term, when 86,000 jobs were gained . Employment also rose in the narrower time frame when Burke worked for Doyle over parts of his two terms. And in any event, the role of these two officials in those losses and gains is very limited, given national economic realities of the time. We rate the ad’s  .
Statement: There have not been any public safety issues" in cities that allow transgender people to use the bathroom of the gender they identify as.
Speaker: chris sgro
About the speaker: Chris Sgro is the executive director of Equality NC.
Date: March 17, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: crime;lgbtq;sexuality
Context: a speech urging Charlotte's anti-discrimination ordinance be left intact
Fact-check justification: Chris Sgro, the executive director of Equality NC, said that "There have not been any public safety issues in those other communities" with ordinances allowing transgender people to use the bathroom of their choice. We haven’t found any instances of criminals convicted of using transgender protections as cover in the United States. Neither have any left-wing groups or right-wing groups. There was one incident in Canada, involving a rapist. In the U.S., there have been a few yet-unproven allegations. We rate this  .
Statement: Says the Chinese Communist Party "will finally admit that the real source of the coronavirus is from 'a lab in Wuhan' linked to its covert biological weapon programs.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 25, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: Their findings suggest "a likely single, recent emergence from a virus related to bat coronaviruses and the SARS coronavirus." The disease appears to have originated at a seafood and animal market in Wuhan, and it spread from there to several Asian countries, Australia, France, Canada and the United States. Researchers believe the current outbreak pattern suggests the coronavirus may have spread from animal to human at first, and now from human to human.   G News’ story is . We rate it .
Statement: Says of Gov. Tony Evers and 2020 violence in Kenosha after the police shooting of Jacob Blake: "It took the loss of lives before help finally came.
Speaker: empower wisconsin
About the speaker: Wisconsin conservative information hub.
Date: August 17, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: military;public safety;states
Context: TV ad
Fact-check justification: In an ad, Empower Wisconsin said of Evers and Kenosha violence: "It took the loss of lives before help finally came." But the timeline shows Evers had sent in 250 National Guard troops in the days before the night Rittenhouse shot and killed the two men. We rate this  .
Statement: A video shows Rep. Matt Gaetz threatening Robert Mueller with jail time.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 12, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook.) We watched the eight-minute video, and not only does Gaetz not mention Russian President Vladimir Putin, nor suggest that Mueller falsely attributed something to Putin, he doesn’t suggest incarceration for Mueller, who led an investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election. There’s also no Dec. 12 update to speak of.   The clip comes from a July 2019 House Judiciary Committee hearing during which Gaetz questioned Mueller about the Steele dossier , a research memo containing claims about former President Donald Trump.   We rate claims that this video shows Gaetz threatening Mueller with jail time .
Statement: Barack Obama put a permanent stop on this military aid to the Ukraine - he never allowed it to go.
Speaker: matt gaetz
About the speaker: Matt Gaetz was elected to Congress in 2016 representing Florida's 1st District. He was elected to the Florida House of Representatives serving District 4 in 2010. His father is former Sen. Don Gaetz.
Date: October 21, 2019
Location: florida
Topics: impeachment;foreign policy
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Gaetz said, "Barack Obama put a permanent stop on this military aid to the Ukraine - he never allowed it to go." Obama did not permanently stop military aid to Ukraine. The element of  in Gaetz's statement is the Obama administration did not provide lethal military aid that Ukraine asked for in 2014. However, it did provide other military equipment and training. The United States has provided $1.6 billion in security assistance to Ukraine since 2014, on average $300 million a year.  This statement rates .
Statement: Vitamin D, vitamin C, colloidal silver and black seed oil can kill the coronavirus.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: March 9, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: A post on Instagram discourages people from getting a COVID-19 vaccine and instead advocates for "naturopathic solutions," including vitamins D and C, colloidal silver and black seed oil. While research into some supplements like vitamin D has seemed promising, subsequent studies have questioned whether it can protect against COVID-19. And there’s no reliable scientific  to support the idea that vitamin D, vitamin C, colloidal silver or black seed oil can kill the coronavirus, as this post claims. Research to date shows COVID-19 vaccines available in the U.S. are safe and effective at preventing known and potential harms of becoming infected with COVID-19.    We rate the  in this post .
Statement: Says a photo shows Donald Trump holding a sign that says, "No matter who is president, Jesus is still king.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 28, 2019
Topics: fake news;religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: You can see many Associated Press photos from that day here and here . In April, Snopes fact-checked a similar Facebook post that appeared to show Trump holding a T-shirt that said, "No matter who is president Jesus is still king." That one was also doctored. The original image shows the president holding a jersey with his name and the number "45" on the back, according to Snopes. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Atlanta Mayor Kasim Reed became a city resident in the last annexation, opening the door to his candidacy.
Speaker: keisha lance bottoms
About the speaker: Keisha Lance Bottoms took office as  mayor of Atlanta, Ga., in 2018. She has previously served as Atlanta City Councilwoman from District 11.
Date: November 28, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: an Atlanta Journal-Constitution story
Fact-check justification: She is not quite right on her  that the larger 2006 annexation included Reed’s subdivision, which opened the door to his candidacy. The mayor’s office said, though, that the move did push him to a different house in the same neighborhood so he could be a city resident. To that end, her point is correct. There is some additional context needed to make sense of it all. But overall, we rate the  .
Statement: Says Rep. Jon Runyan "voted to redefine rape.
Speaker: shelley adler
About the speaker: Shelley Adler, a Democrat, is running to represent New Jersey's third congressional district.
Date: October 10, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: abortion;crime;voting record;women
Context: a campaign event
Fact-check justification: Adler said Runyan "voted to redefine rape" while listing the reasons "we can’t trust him to stand up for women." The Democratic congressional hopeful distorts the voting record of her Republican rival with this . House Republicans introduced a bill that restricted federal funding for abortions, except in cases of "forcible rape." Runyan never signed on as a co-sponsor of that legislation. Further, when the bill reached the House floor for a full vote and Runyan voted in favor of it, the word "forcible" had been removed. We rate Adler’s  . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: It is "the Department of Homeland Security's view that returning military veterans and gun owners are likely to commit terrorist acts.
Speaker: gus bilirakis
About the speaker: Rep. Gus Bilirakis is a Republican Congressman from Florida. He represents the 9th Congressional District, an area north of Tampa Bay.
Date: April 15, 2009
Location: national
Topics: military;terrorism;veterans
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: This brings us back to Bilirakis'  that DHS thinks that "returning military veterans and gun owners are likely to commit terrorist acts." This is a distortion of what the report actually said. The report said that right-wing extremists would try to recruit veterans, and that they would try to use gun control legislation as a "radicalization" tool. That's very different. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says he "did the very best" in a recent poll in Iowa matching up each of the major Republican presidential candidates against President Barack Obama.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: February 22, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: Arizona
Fact-check justification: Paul had the largest lead on Obama of any of the major Republicans in matchup polling in Iowa in February 2012. Still, experts raised questions about how statistically certain that conclusion is, considering how close the poll’s results were. To us, that is additional information needed to evaluate Paul’s , and so, his statement rates .
Statement: Says Democrats "spent $40,000,000 of YOUR tax dollars trying to impeach Trump.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 11, 2019
Topics: impeachment;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed, "Democrats spent $40,000,000 of YOUR tax dollars trying to impeach Trump."  That number echoes an exaggerated estimate of the cost of the Mueller investigation on Russian interference in the 2016 election. That did not go through the impeachment process. We haven’t seen any estimates of the cost of the impeachment inquiry so far. Salaries for staffers on the committees involved, as well as expenses associated specifically with Clinton’s impeachment charges, suggest that the cost of the Trump inquiry is far less than $40 million. They would be earning salaries regardless. The Facebook post is . We rate it .
Statement: There are 500,000 "missing kids a year.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 21, 2021
Topics: children;crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral image that invoked the Gabby Petito case claimed there are 500,000 "missing kids a year." In 2020, there were 365,348 reports of missing children made to law enforcement agencies that were recorded by the FBI’s National Crime Information Center. That’s down from 421,394 in 2019.  The number of active missing-child cases is much smaller. We rate the post .
Statement: As CFO, Alex Sink oversaw "a $27 billion loss in the state's pension fund.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: October 30, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: economy;pensions;state budget
Context: a YouTube attack ad
Fact-check justification: The Republican Party of Florida said there was a loss of pension assets of $27 billion during Sink’s term as the state’s CFO. But that doesn’t represent a permanent loss of funds. We also see no reason why Sink deserves more of the blame than the other two trustees. And, Sink was CFO during a historic recession. Given these sizeable caveats, we rate the Florida GOP’s  .
Statement: Florida still averages more students in its classrooms than any other state in the Southeast.
Speaker: franklin sands
About the speaker: Franklin Sands is Florida's House Democratic Leader.
Date: January 29, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Put another way, if 30 high school juniors were in an English class and 10 high school juniors were in an art class, the calculation for class size would likely be 30 but the calculation for pupil/teacher ratio would be 20. Not all states calculate average class size. (At least Tennessee and Kentucky don't, education officials in those states confirmed.) Back to what Sands said: His broader point -- that Florida has more students in its classrooms than other states -- is largely , as measured by pupil/teacher ratios. But Sands said "Florida still averages more students in its classrooms than any other state in the Southeast," and there are at least three caveats to his statement: In our minds, that's enough asterisks to knock Sands' statement to .
Statement: Our school test scores are right at the bottom.
Speaker: thurbert baker
About the speaker: Thurbert Baker is Georgia Attorney General. He is a Democratic candidate for governor.
Date: April 29, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: So overall, Georgia's test scores on the two main college entrance exams paint different pictures. On the SAT, the state ranked 47th. But on the ACT, the state was 38th or 40th. So it's not, as Baker said, "right at the bottom." We find his  .
Statement: Elon Musk said, "In some parts of the world, journalists get murdered for crossing the wrong people.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 18, 2022
Topics: technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The tweet doesn’t appear on his account, nor among tweets he deleted that have been archived by PolitiTweet, which tracks the deleted tweets of high-profile figures.   We found it posted on Reddit on Dec. 16 with the label "Satire/ Tweet," but not in any forums credibly claiming the tweet is real.   Musk’s suspension of journalists’ accounts drew intense media coverage, and such a comment would be widely reported. It wasn’t.   We rate claims that this is a real tweet .
Statement: Phoenix, Ariz., is the No. 2 kidnapping capital of the world.
Speaker: courtney combs
About the speaker: State Rep. Courtney Combs, a Republican, represents the 54th Ohio House District, which includes the cities of Hamilton, Fairfield, and Ross Township in Butler County.
Date: July 16, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: immigration
Context: an appearance at the Cleveland City Club
Fact-check justification: We appreciate that Combs is willing to admit that he didn’t know what he was talking about, but he should have. This  has been rated  repeatedly as it has made the rounds, yet here it is again. If you repeat a statement that has been proven , it amounts to a reckless disregard for the facts. You may as well touch a match to your inseam. We move this statement to our lowest rating: .