chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Thirty-seven percent of Central Falls' retired police officers and firefighters are out on disability pensions; in most municipalities, about 5 percent of retirees collect disability pensions.
Speaker: stephen lisauskas
About the speaker: Stephen Lisauskas is president of Lisauskas & Associates, a consulting firm. He is also an associate at the Collins Center for Public Management at the University of Massachusetts at Boston. The state of Rhode Island is paying the Collins Center for Lisauskas to advise the state-appointed receiver on the Central Falls bankruptcy.
Date: July 19, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: city budget;city government;disability;labor;public safety;retirement;unions
Context: a public meeting
Fact-check justification: More importantly, he went on to compare Central Falls with a national average that, we found, doesn’t really exist. In a crucial discussion about Central Falls’ finances, we’d expect better from a consultant hired for his expert advice. We rate the   . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Tax dodging costs developing countries $200 billion every year.
Speaker: actionaid uk
About the speaker: ActionAid UK advocates to reduce poverty and injustice worldwide.
Date: April 7, 2016
Topics: global news service;legal issues;taxes
Context: a website post
Fact-check justification: ActionAid UK said "tax dodging costs developing countries $200 billion every year." Even the IMF report that provided the figure called the estimate "highly speculative." For the most part, the outside experts we reached were even more cautious. ActionAid didn’t reflect any of that uncertainty. In addition, the total includes taxes lost by countries that are doing much better than low income nations. The statement is partially correct but the core figure comes with many caveats. We rate this  . Update, April 20, 2016:  After we published, Charlie Matthews who spearheads ActionAid UK's global tax advocacy work sent us this note:   "We use 'estimated' in reports etc, but it seems that's been lost as report text is turned into website copy. We're changing the website today, and it's a good reminder to keep a closer eye in the future." https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/3aa8762d-8afc-44f7-bfaa-3cda0dc9bcde
Statement: John McCain is right on that one. The line-item veto is the best tool the president has to rein in excessive spending.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 9, 2007
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: an interview on CNBC
Fact-check justification: Budget analysts aren't sure what impact the line-item veto would have. "To the extent that the line-item veto act shifts power from the Congress to the president, it may change behavior in subtle ways that are difficult to observe," June O'Neill, then-director of the Congressional Budget Office, testified before the House Rules Committee on March 11, 1998. Louis Fisher of the Congressional Research Service agreed, writing in 2005 that as a result of deal-cutting over use of the veto between Congress and the White House, spending could actually increase. Fisher's idea is that in the reshaping of power between Congress and the White House that would occur with a line-item veto, presidents could barter for extra spending in areas they favored in exchange for letting other projects go unvetoed. It's this fuzzy picture that keeps us from going any further than  on Romney's  that a line-item veto is "the best tool" for a president to cut spending.
Statement: Says "Cost of Mueller's investigation: $3,200,000; Benghazi "investigation": $7,000,000; Trump's golfing trips: $83,000,000; New debt from Republican tax bill: $1,500,000,000,000.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 9, 2018
Topics: debt;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook meme says, "Cost of Mueller’s investigation: $3,200,000; Benghazi "investigation": $7,000,000; Trump’s golfing trips: $83,000,000; New debt from Republican tax bill: $1,500,000,000,000." The meme includes a mix of information that’s accurate with information that is incomplete and questionable. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Biden's Air Force One is not the same as Trump's Air Force One," which indicates Biden is not the real president.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 6, 2021
Location: national
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: Posts  that "Biden’s Air Force One is not the same as Trump’s Air Force One," which means that Biden is not the real president.  Any Air Force plane transporting the president is designated with the Air Force One call sign.  On a trip to Delaware, Biden took a small plane the president uses for short domestic flights and flights to small airports. Trump also took that plane when he was president. These posts are  and . ! RELATED : Biden took a private plane to his inauguration. He’s still the legitimate president
Statement: The CDC delivers groceries and cleaning products "twice while you're in quarantine.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 4, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Contact tracers try to connect people who test positive for COVID-19 with services and support if they need it, but the health department doesn’t provide those services, Garrow said.   He also said he was unaware of other organizations, including any that may use the abbreviation "CDC," offering such services to people in quarantine in Philadelphia.   In any case, the numbers listed as the "CDC intake hotline" are actually city numbers that are not for arranging food deliveries.    We tried contacting the user who made the post, but did not immediately get a response.   We rate this post .
Statement: I lowered taxes over the last two years.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 6, 2011
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview on Super Bowl Sunday
Fact-check justification: Nevertheless, about 80 percent of tax payers end up with a tax cut under the deal, according to an analysis by the nonpartisan Tax Policy Center. And the broad-based tax cuts on income are significantly larger than the new excise taxes, said Roberton Williams of the Tax Policy Center. So yes, a majority of Americans have seen reduced taxes under President Obama. But he's also taken steps to increase a few taxes like cigarettes and tanning over the past two years. Overall, we find his statement .
Statement: The 1986 Challenger Space Shuttle disaster was a hoax; the crew did not die and are still alive today.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 28, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A social media post claims that the 1986 Challenger space shuttle crew members are alive and well, and the tragedy was a hoax orchestrated by NASA. To suggest that NASA staged the deaths, for no particular reason, and then allowed the crew to openly live out their lives with no name changes or physical disguises is highly unlikely. Also, for something so out-in-the-open, it wasn’t noticed until nearly 30 years later. Moreover, death certificates and the backgrounds of the "lookalikes" directly contradict the core of the conspiracy theory. This  rumor disgraces the crew’s legacy and is based on assumptions loosely tied together. This is ! '
Statement: The majority of teams (are) now spending their dollars on the offensive side of the football.
Speaker: mark schlereth
About the speaker: Mark Schlereth is a former NFL offensive lineman who is now a football analyst for ESPN.
Date: January 27, 2014
Topics: sports;punditfact
Context: comments on ESPN's "Mike & Mike"
Fact-check justification: Schlereth said, "The majority of teams (are) now spending their dollars on the offensive side of the football." We reached out to Schlereth through his chili sauce company ( yes, really ) but did not hear back. There’s definitely  that NFL teams are spending more money on offensive players than defensive players. It's part of the reality of NFL football, where the most expensive players are typically quarterbacks. But the disparity wasn’t that significant in 2013, and it’s actually less than it was in 2008. Schlereth's  is accurate but needs clarification. We rate it .
Statement: Says the white man who wanted Rosa Parks' seat on the bus was suffering from ADHD and anxiety.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 19, 2021
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A social media post said that the white man who wanted Rosa Parks’ seat on the bus was suffering from ADHD and anxiety. The author of the post said it was satire.  Historical records have limited information about who the passenger was on the bus.  We rate this  .
Statement: Video shows Rand Paul telling Nancy Pelosi "she's a traitor.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 3, 2022
Topics: congress;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: U.S. Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, appears in the video’s last two minutes, giving a speech on the House floor. But he also doesn’t call Pelosi a traitor.   Searching online for  that Paul elsewhere called Pelosi a traitor, we found none . U.S. Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., once called Pelosi a traitor, drawing news coverage of her remarks, but we found no similar media reports about Paul.   We rate this post .
Statement: Wisconsin has more votes than people who are registered to vote. … This is direct evidence of fraud.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: November 4, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Even so, the total number of votes cast and counted in the presidential election in Wisconsin was 3,297,199 as of about 1 p.m. Eastern time on Nov. 4 — fewer than the number of registered voters in the state as of Nov. 1.   "There are never more ballots than registered voters," the commission tweeted.   We rate the  that Wisconsin had more votes than registered voters ! This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Says "76 percent of all voters in the United States say they want Johnson-Weld, by name, in the presidential debates.
Speaker: william weld
About the speaker: William Weld is a former Republican governor of Massachusetts. In 2016, he was named the vice presidential candidate on the Libertarian Party ticket, running alongside Gary Johnson.
Date: September 7, 2016
Location: national
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: an Ask Me Anything session on reddit
Fact-check justification: Weld said that "76 percent of all voters in the United States say they want Johnson-Weld, by name, in the presidential debates." Weld can point to recent a poll with that 76 percent figure, but his description of what it means isn’t entirely correct. It’s a poll of likely voters, not "all voters in the United States," and the question didn’t mention Johnson or Weld "by name." However, a majority of voters do support Johnson’s inclusion in the debates -- a finding that holds in three recent polls on this question  Weld's talking point is onto something, but his phrasing misses nuance and overstates the case. So we rate the statement .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "won Arizona.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 17, 2021
Location: arizona
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Our rating:  . The  was based on speculation by a former adviser to Trump, not any audit finding.. Separate from the audit, the Associated Press reported July 16 that statewide, county election officials have identified fewer than 200 cases of potential voter fraud out of more than 3 million ballots cast. Finally, there is this: Findings of the audit will not affect the election outcome, because the results were already certified by state officials and accepted by Congress. We rate the post .
Statement: Quotes Anthony Fauci as writing, "I reject the notion that it's 'just a virus' and we'll all get it eventually. What a careless, lazy, heartless stance.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 17, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Thank you." "Oh dear," Wright replied. The internet is like the wild west sometimes, isn’t it? At least no one attributed it to Abraham Lincoln. "  We rate the  that Fauci wrote this Facebook post .
Statement: Marco Rubio thinks that government shouldn't be in the health care business at all.
Speaker: kendrick meek
About the speaker: Kendrick Meek is a former U.S. Representative for Congressional District 17 in Miami, serving from 2003 to 2011. He campaigned for the U.S. Senate and was defeated on Nov. 2, 2010.
Date: March 20, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: campaign website
Fact-check justification: The Meek campaign has failed to prove its . Rubio clearly has spoken against the federal health care bill, which he has repeatedly referred to as a "government takeover" of health care (a characterization we've repeatedly rated  ). But Rubio's votes and his comments indicate he has supported government health programs such as Medicaid. Lambasting a health care reform bill isn't the same as declaring that "government shouldn't be in the health care business at all." We rate Meek's  .
Statement: Barack Obama wants to "restore" the estate tax that George W. Bush "repealed.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: July 23, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: Both Obama and McCain support renewing the current estate tax with a few changes. McCain proposes to increase the exemption to $5-million ($10-million for couples) and reduce the tax rate to 15 percent. Obama proposes to increase the exemption to $3.5-million ($7-million for couples) and leave the top rate at 45 percent. So the e-mail is  when it says McCain wants a "0 percent" estate tax and that Obama wants to "restore" it. We rule this statement .
Statement: As some of you may know I am the recent $3.4 million lotto winner. I'd like to spread some positivity so I'm sending $1,000 to the first 100k people that share this.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 29, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: And if you searched the caption Rogers wrote, you would see the same post from a different Facebook user Oct. 8 and another version from a different Twitter user Oct. 6 . And, for good measure, again on from Sept. 16 . Sorry if you thought the free money was on its way. It’s not. This  rates .
Statement: Says it doesn't make sense for young adults to get the vaccine since they "really are not under that much of a threat as a result of this virus.
Speaker: tom tiffany
About the speaker: In 2004 and 2008, Tom Tiffany ran for the 12th State Senate District, first against Senator Roger Breske, and then Jim Holperin losing both times in very close elections. In 2010, he ran for the Wisconsin State Assembly after the position was vacated by retiring incumbent, Representative Donald Friske. Tiffany won the primary, and later defeated Democrat Jay Schmelling 58.09% - 41.81%.
In 2012 Tiffany chose not to seek re-election to the State Assembly and to seek election to the State Senate after Holperin announced he would not run for reelection. He defeated Democrat Susan Sommer, 56% - 40%, in the general election on November 6, 2012. Tiffany succeeded fellow Republican Sean Duffy in Congress, winning a special election against Democrat Tricia Zunker in 2020.
Date: March 29, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;public health;science;coronavirus
Context: Speech
Fact-check justification: Tiffany said it doesn't make sense for young adults to get the vaccine since they "really are not under that much of a threat as a result of this virus."  He’s correct that younger people generally are less likely than their older counterparts to become severely ill or die from the virus, but still, it has happened, meaning the vaccine would personally protect even young people from severe disease or death, even if the risk is small.  Getting enough people vaccinated is also crucial to reach herd immunity, which will protect the entire community.  Our definition of  is a statement that "contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression."  That fits here.
Statement: Says Rand Paul "has put out budgets to cut the military in half.
Speaker: adam kinzinger
About the speaker: Adam Kinzinger is a U.S. congressman from Illinois’ 16th district and a former member of the Air Force.
Date: October 26, 2014
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Kinzinger claimed that Paul "has put out budgets to cut the military in half." In 2011, Paul released a budget proposal that reduced annual defense spending quite significantly, but not anywhere near 50 percent. There are different ways to measure the reductions, but they’re in the range of 25 to 30 percent. Paul later unveiled another budget that actually increased year-over-year defense spending, though it did not keep pace with estimated projections in growth. Both Paul budgets also eliminated funding in the defense budget for war spending and overseas operations based on the assumption that the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan were winding down. Lawmakers can argue whether that was prudent, however, it’s important context. Given all of that, we rate Kinzginger’s statement .
Statement: Video shows Russian President Vladimir Putin talking in English about U.S. democracy.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: April 16, 2023
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;russia
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "The point of the deepfake is to get this message through in such a noisy area." On April 18, RepresentUs CEO Joshua Graham told PolitiFact, "As we make clear in our video, it’s  – and that’s exactly the point. By featuring two authoritarians who want to see our country fail, our goal was to wake Americans up to the fact that our democracy faces serious threats. Most importantly, as is the case with all of our videos, we want to inspire Americans of all political stripes to protect our democratic republic." We rate the  that this video shows Russian President Vladimir Putin talking in English about U.S. democracy .
Statement: The Family Research Council, according to some government agencies, is a terrorist group.
Speaker: ben carson
About the speaker: Dr. Ben Carson is President Donald Trump's secretary for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. A retired pediatric neurosurgeon, Carson ran as a Republican for president in 2016. He owns homes in West Palm Beach and Maryland.
Date: November 29, 2015
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Carson said, "the Family Research Council, according to some government agencies, is a terrorist group." The Family Research Council has been labeled an "extremist" group by the Southern Poverty Law Center, but that’s not the same as a "terrorist" group and, more importantly, the center is a private, non-profit group, not a government agency. We could find no government agency that singled out the Family Research Council as a terrorist group, and experts told us they were unaware of any government lists that did. We rate Carson’s statement .
Statement: Newt Gingrich says electric co-ops and credit unions are "government-sponsored enterprises" like Freddie Mac.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: January 23, 2012
Location: national
Topics: financial regulation
Context: a Republican presidential primary debate
Fact-check justification: Gingrich spoke of credit unions and electric cooperatives as if they were the same sort of entities as Freddie Mac. We find no support for that and do find major differences in how they are created and operate compared with GSEs. Congress created Freddie Mac, as it does every GSE,  by passing a specific law to bring it into being. Freddie Mac has stockholders and a direct line of credit with the U.S. Treasury. The term, Government Sponsored Enterprise, applies only to a handful of financial entities listed in the federal budget.     None of those characteristics apply to credit unions and electric cooperatives. Once again, we rate Gingrich’s statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/97867b65-b96a-435e-9e0d-1f2ac55a5f4f