chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: It costs more to live in many Florida cities than New York City.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: May 4, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: housing;new york
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: "   PolitiFact found that the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach area’s median rent exceeded New York City's. However, while Florida cities have experienced record growth, their median rental prices still lag behind New York City. Crist has more of a point when it comes to rental and ownership premiums. According to a study analyzing more than 1oo U.S. rental markets, New York City had one of the least overpriced rents in the country.   We rate Crist’s  .
Statement: The American people say, don't touch Social Security, don't touch Medicare, don't cut defense. That's 84 percent of the federal budget.
Speaker: kent conrad
About the speaker: Kent Conrad is a Democratic Senator from North Dakota. He is the top Democrat on the Senate Budget Committee.
Date: January 23, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;medicare;military;social security;this week - abc news
Context: "This Week with Christiane Amanpour"
Fact-check justification: In rating Conrad's statement, his numbers are definitely off. Social Security, Medicare and defense spending are not 84 percent of the budget, they're closer to 54 percent. Conrad may have known what he was talking about -- just the manadatory spending -- but we're not sure the average listener would. Still, his overall point is correct: Medicare, Social Security and defense represent huge parts of the budget, more than half, and it's difficult if not impossible to balance the budget if these three items are off the table. That's enough to tip the balance on our ruling; we rate his statement .
Statement: We are the only major country on Earth that doesn't guarantee health care to all people as a right.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: June 28, 2015
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that the United States is the only major country that doesn’t guarantee health care to everyone as a right. Sanders was a bit vague about which countries he was comparing to America, but his office clarified that he was thinking of the group that belongs to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Among the wealthy OECD nations, America stands out as the only one that lacks universal coverage. Mexico also has not achieved universal coverage, but Mexico is also a much poorer country and not always considered an industrialized or advanced economy. As for a guaranteed right to health care, Sanders spoke as though every advanced economy had it. In reality, some do and some don’t. He should have talked about universal coverage, but he didn’t. Sanders’ statement lacked some much needed clarity. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Nancy Pelosi "said Trump is BEST PRESIDENT ever" and "holds new election" for him
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 26, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: After the attack on the Capitol by pro-Trump rioters in January 2021, she and the Senate’s Democratic leader, Chuck Schumer, called on Vice President Mike Pence to invoke the 25th Amendment to have Trump removed as a president, saying his "dangerous and seditious acts necessitate his immediate removal from office." When Pence declined, she pushed to impeach Trump again on charges that he incited an insurrection. The Facebook post matches a common pattern of misinformation shared on social media, where attention-grabbing but  headlines or titles are superimposed on unrelated videos.  PolitiFact and other fact-checking organizations have debunked similar posts with  headlines. The headline on this post has no connection to the video, and no basis in fact. We rate this  !
Statement: Says Tom Steyer is a "California billionaire who stands to profit by blocking Keystone" and "is spending big to help" Bruce Braley.
Speaker: american crossroads
About the speaker: American Crossroads is a 527 campaign committee that supports Republican candidates.
Date: September 16, 2014
Location: national
Topics: environment;campaign finance;climate change;message machine 2014;negative campaigning
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: American Crossroads said Steyer "stands to profit by blocking Keystone" and "is spending big to help" Braley’s Senate campaign. At one point, this might have been an accurate ad. Steyer’s former hedge fund, Farallon Capital Management, had significant holdings in a company that owned a pipeline considered a rival to Keystone XL, and under Steyer’s direction, his investment group had a large stake in fossil fuels. However, Steyer has since left the investment group he started, and asked his company to divest any of his holdings from fossil fuels, including tar sands. He also donated his profits from the Kinder Morgan pipeline to charity. Further, as of 2014, Farallon is no longer invested in Keystone’s competitor, according to SEC filings. As far as we can tell, Steyer would not directly profit from Keystone’s demise going forward. So the  from American Crossroads falls short. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Paul Workman authored legislation providing amnesty for illegal immigrants.
Speaker: ryan downton
About the speaker: Ryan Downton, a businessman and lawyer, ran for the 2012 Republican nomination for a Travis County Texas House seat.
Date: May 21, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: an open letter to voters
Fact-check justification: Under Workman’s 2011 proposal, illegal residents paying a fee and clearing a background check could receive a state-issued card enabling them to work in Texas for eight years at a time. That strikes us as a kind of forgiveness some would consider amnesty. However, the proposal does not go as far as the 1986 federal act, which enabled immigrants to become legal residents for all purposes, not just to work for a time period in one state. Significantly, that law put beneficiaries on paths to citizenship; Workman’s proposal would not. We rate Downton’s statement .
Statement: Says Austin voters can approve seven bond propositions "without raising taxes.
Speaker: lee leffingwell
About the speaker: Lee Leffingwell, initially elected mayor in 2009, is a former Austin City Council member and retired airline pilot. Leffingwell, a past chair of the city's Environmental Board, grew up in Austin's Bouldin neighborhood, according to the biography posted on the city's web site.
Date: August 31, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: elections;taxes
Context: a UNITY PAC press release
Fact-check justification: Leffingwell said the bond propositions offer an opportunity to invest "without raising taxes." No tax-rate increase would be required. But this statement overlooks the fact that taxes paid by homeowners and others would still be going up a bit, presuming expected increases in property valuations. Also unsaid: The debt rate would decrease two cents as of 2015 if the propositions fail to pass. Leffingwell’s  leaves out important details. It rates .
Statement: Thirty years ago we were the most college-educated country on the globe. Today we are No. 11.
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: January 17, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: education
Context: his executive budget presentation
Fact-check justification: Cuomo claimed the U.S. ranks "No. 11" among college-educated countries. The U.S. did rank 11th in 2015 for those 25 to 34 years old. But the U.S. ranking for those ages 25 to 64 did not fall by as much as Cuomo claims, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development data. The U.S. ranked sixth in the world for that age category. We could not find a similar dataset with results that matched Cuomo’s .  We rate this  as .
Statement: There is "substantial evidence of voter fraud.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 3, 2018
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: In his statement, Trump said there is "substantial  of voter fraud." That wasn’t accurate before, and it isn’t accurate now. We rate the statement . Former Ohio Secretary of State Ken Blackwell, left, Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach, center, and New Hampshire Secretary of State Bill Gardner, right, attend a meeting of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity in Manchester, N.H., on Sept. 12, 2017.
Statement: [Steve] Bullock's health care plan will force rural hospitals to close. Medicare as we know it will change, replaced by a government-run program with fewer doctors and longer wait times.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: July 17, 2020
Topics: elections;health check
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: While the NRSC did provide us with one study that offered support for its rural hospital , the study was industry-funded and based on broad assumptions that don’t accurately reflect positions outlined on Bullock's website. Thus, this  doesn’t stand up.   The second part of the ad asserts that the public option would lead to the implementation of Medicare for All. While supporters and critics debate how a public option would affect the private health insurance market and some on both sides consider it a "glide path" to a single-payer health care system, it’s too big of a jump to say it would definitely trigger this outcome.    We rate this .
Statement: Mass media destroyed! Blackout for mass arrests event!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 20, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) A quick visit to the websites of news organizations like CNN , Fox News , MSNBC , NBC News , ABC News , CBS News , the New York Times , the Washington Post and the Associated Press show that they are all up and running with current, new articles and broadcasts. We found nothing to support the  in the video title or the speculation in the actual video. There’s also no  that there were media arrests in Canada.   We rate this post !
Statement: Pence: 'Michelle Obama Is The Most Vulgar First Lady We've Ever Had'
Speaker: politicono.com
About the speaker: A website that describes itself as a "hybrid News/Satire platform on the web" that offers "a unique brand of entertainment and information." The site takes snippets of news stories and builds fabricated articles around them.
Date: October 14, 2016
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: an Internet post
Fact-check justification: It’s also very  to build upon a real event and then purposely obscuring which part is  and which is not. The comments section on the story itself certainly shows many have been fooled. Either way, Pence did not call the first lady vulgar. We rate the headline . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/db2cffb7-ed7c-43c0-bec1-ef2b2a47a828
Statement: Says Donald Trump "publicly invited Putin to hack into Americans' (emails).
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: September 26, 2016
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;homeland security;crime;foreign policy;technology
Context: a Presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Clinton says Trump "publicly invited Putin to hack into Americans’ (emails)." Trump said at a press conference in South Florida that he hoped Russia was able to find "the 30,000 emails that are missing." That was a reference to Clinton’s emails, not Americans’ emails more broadly. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/45bfa5b9-82bb-4547-93dc-eb59d3b3a25c
Statement: Says Oregon's high minimum wage is the reason why "by 2011, Oregon's restaurants employed an average of only 13.8 workers, or 2.6 fewer employees than they did before the state's minimum wage began rising above the federal level in 1997.
Speaker: melvin sickler
About the speaker: Member, National Restaurant Association
Date: March 14, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: labor;workers
Context: a U.S. Senate hearing
Fact-check justification: In a vacuum, his data seem to suggest that link. But when we looked at data from other states, the correlation just didn’t work. And putting employment and the number of restaurants into context, as Lehner did, we can see that restaurant jobs rise and fall with the health of the national economy, not the state’s minimum wage. Oregon’s per capita restaurant employment is higher than the national average, in spite of having a higher minimum wage. We rate the statement .
Statement: Video shows Israel's Iron Dome missile defense system engaged in military combat.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 2, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: PolitiFact debunked a similar May 22 post that used footage from the game to falsely  it showed Israel anti-missile defense system intercepting rockets. Similar videos using lifelike game simulations have been posted with  claims that they show missile attacks in Iraq, according to a fact-check published by Lead Stories in January 2020. We rate this Facebook post . RELATED:    This is not a video of Israel's 'Iron Dome'
Statement: Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton have changed their positions (on the Iraq war withdrawal) to follow Chris Dodd.
Speaker: chris dodd
About the speaker: Chris Dodd is a former U.S. senator from Connecticut, having served in that post from 1981-2011. Dodd also ran unsuccessfully for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination and was a member of the U.S. House prior to his service in the Senate. He was born in Connecticut in 1944, graduated from Providence College and earned a law degree from the University of Louisville. Dodd is married to Jackie Marie Clegg. They have two children.
Date: May 23, 2007
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: And it's likely that they felt some pressure from liberal Democrats -- including Dodd -- who strongly favor withdrawal. But Dodd  his role. He is just one of nine co-sponsors of the amendment widely called the Feingold-Reid amendment, usually without Dodd's name attached. And both Clinton and Obama have advocated other troop withdrawl proposals before endorsing this one. There's no  that Dodd had any influence on Obama and Clinton.
Statement: Wisconsin pays 50% more than Minnesota for the same health care.
Speaker: tony evers
About the speaker: Tony Evers, a Democrat, was elected Wisconsin governor in November 2018. His term begins in January 2019. Evers has served as the Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction, a non-partisan position, since 2009. He previously worked as a teacher and school district administrator.
Date: October 9, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;public health
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: On one measure — how much 40-year-old individuals pay for health insurance they buy on their own — the annual average premium is nearly 50 percent higher in Wisconsin than in Minnesota. But Evers’ statement is broad, and that measure is narrow, given that the vast majority of people get their health insurance through an employer or from the government. By one measure of employer-provided health insurance, the average annual premium paid by employees was actually 3 percent higher in Minnesota than in Wisconsin. Moreover, Evers suggests Walker has failed to address health care costs, when many factors are involved, especially in an apples-to-oranges comparison of two states. Evers’ statement has only an element of  and ignores critical facts that would give a different impression — our definition of .
Statement: We have an increase in murder within our cities, the biggest in 45 years.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 9, 2016
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: the second presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "We have an increase in murder within our cities, the biggest in 45 years." The number of murders nationally did rise by the biggest amount in 45 years, and criminologists agree that this is a development worth paying attention to. But they add that it comes after a steep, quarter-century decline, which suggests that it is not yet a cause for panic. The statement is accurate but needs clarification and additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Soros Letter Reveals Plot to 'Take Down Borders' with Migrant Caravan Invasions
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 21, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: NewsPunch claimed that Soros’ 2015 statement to Bloomberg Business in response to Orban’s accusations, "Reveals Plot to ‘Take Down Borders’ with Migrant Caravan Invasions." The blog post is conflating a three-year-old statement made by Soros with the current migration to the United States-Mexico border, attempting to draw a connection between the two that isn’t there. We rate this statement as !
Statement: Almost 400 arrests in the city last year for panhandling-related offenses involved just 78 suspects, an indication that the same people are panhandling over and over.
Speaker: michael julian bond
About the speaker: Michael Julian Bond
Date: September 17, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: crime;urban
Context: Atlanta City Council meeting
Fact-check justification: So, is Atlanta Councilman Bond correct in his statement that 78 offenders were responsible for almost 400 arrests in the city last year for panhandling-related offenses? His assessment of the repeat offender aggressive panhandling problem appears accurate. But the varying charges that can make up panhandling-related offenses are not uniform and can change based on the situation. By using certain sets of public safety data, the statement can be correct, but shifting the range of offenses can change the numbers. Because of this possibility, we rate Bond’s  .
Statement: One of the things we found very clearly and consistently is that [video gaming] is a growth industry.
Speaker: keith stokes
About the speaker: Keith Stokes, until 2012, was executive director of the Rhode Island Economic Development Corporation and a former board member of the EDC.
Date: August 7, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: corporations;economy
Context: an interview on WJAR-TV
Fact-check justification: Strategy Analytics, in its report to the EDC projecting double-digit growth over the next five years for the type of game 38 Studios plans to develop, noted as much. Stokes could have said that the overall trend in the video gaming business has been strongly upward despite a downturn or two. But he didn't. He said growth in the industry was clear and consistent. So we rate his comment as .
Statement: Florida led the nation in job creation" while Bush was governor.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: September 8, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;economy
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: Bush said "Florida led the nation in job creation" while he was governor. This is  if you parse the numbers the way his campaign did, looking only at total job growth over the last seven years of his eight-year tenure. But there are plenty of caveats to the talking point, including the prevalence of low-paying jobs that Bush policies didn’t necessarily create.  Many of those jobs evaporated after the housing bubble burst. A more level way to measure jobs would have been to look at the growth rate, which put Florida fifth in the country while Bush was in office. There are many angles to explore in jobs data, and Bush’s view only tells part of the story. We rate his statement .
Statement: Biden agrees to Pelosi's request to resign.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 25, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In January, a   alleged that Biden was stepping down as president-elect. That  traced back to a website that had a picture of a clown and the words "You got owned!" and "You’ve been pranked!" A Facebook post said, "Biden agrees to Pelosi's request to resign." This is a fabricated . We rate it !