chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Cal Cunningham "got a $40,000 tax incentive to update his butler's pantry.
Speaker: thom tillis
About the speaker: Thom Tillis is a Republican who serves as U.S. Senator from North Carolina.
Date: September 14, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: taxes
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Tillis said Cunningham "got a $40,000 tax incentive to update his butler’s pantry." That’s not as far off-base as his campaign’s press release or the NRSC ad, which exaggerate the facts. But they still need clarification. The tax credit was for more than just the butler’s pantry. In Cunningham’s case, the term is used to reference a space in his kitchen -- not a closet used by an employee. Tillis’ statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Obama & Clinton are being arrested by the military.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 14, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We also found no media reports to corroborate the .   And given that there was widespread reporting of the unveiling of the White House portraits of both Obama and Clinton, there would certainly have been wall-to-wall news coverage if they’d been arrested. Both Obama and Clinton have remained active on social media since Obama’s portrait unveiling and the  Facebook post. And on Sept. 15, Clinton and daughter Chelsea Clinton appeared on "The Drew Barrymore Show. "  We rate this post !
Statement: When Marcy Kaptur brought home $42 million for new manufacturing jobs, Dennis Kucinich voted 'no'.
Speaker: marcy kaptur
About the speaker: Marcy Kaptur represents Ohio's Ninth Congressional District in the House of Representatives. She was first elected to the House in 1982. She is the senior-most woman in the 111th Congress.
 
Date: February 15, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: afghanistan;economy;iraq;jobs;message machine 2012
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: Kaptur and Kucinich are longtime colleagues in the House. As such, Kaptur certainly is well aware of Kucinich’s steadfast opposition to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. His vote in this case is consistent with that position. Characterizing his vote as opposition to spending on programs that could create jobs is simply . On the -O-Meter, Kaptur’s  rates .
Statement: In the Senate version of the health reform bill, "Every enrollee in the Office of Personnel Management enrolled plan, every enrollee has to pay a minimum of $1 per month towards reproductive rights, which includes abortion.
Speaker: bart stupak
About the speaker: Bart Stupak is a former Democratic congressman from Michigan’s 1st district. He declined to seek re-election in 2010, retiring after nine terms in office.
Date: March 4, 2010
Location: national
Topics: abortion;health care
Context: a Good Morning America interview
Fact-check justification: In fact, the issue doesn't apply at all to people who choose a plan that does not cover abortion. And every state must offer a plan that does not offer abortion. Furthermore, people would have to be told up front if the plan they are considering covers abortions. So when Stupak says that "every" person would need to set aside this abortion money, it's not only , we think it stokes misplaced outrage on an already highly charged issue. We rule Stupak's statement .
Statement: Says Jan. 6 Capitol riot "didn't seem like an armed insurrection.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: February 15, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;guns;jan. 6
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Johnson said the Jan. 6 Capitol riot "didn’t seem like an armed insurrection." That’s  revisionist history. Overwhelmed police arrested and had direct contact with only a fraction of the mob that day, but we still can identify accounts of numerous weapons found in and around the Capitol, brought there in some cases by people who saw themselves as soldiers in a war. And many other rioters used whatever hard objects they could find to attack police and force their way into the Capitol. A majority of senators, through the impeachment vote, put the blame on Trump for stirring up the riot, though others debate the "why" question for the events of Jan. 6. But the "what" question shouldn't be debated. It was an armed insurrection. We rate this  .
Statement: Under the House Republican health plan, sexual assault is a pre-existing condition.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 4, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care;crime;public health;women
Context: blog headlines
Fact-check justification: Various bloggers wrote that under the House Republican health plan, sexual assault is a pre-existing condition. Several websites have since softened their headlines to be more careful, going from "would" to "could." The bill does not change what is or is not a pre-existing condition; the health insurance companies write those definitions for themselves. The House bill also does not single out sexual assault or any other medical issue as a pre-existing condition. Prior to the Affordable Care Act, some victims of sexual assault said they had trouble getting health insurance because they sought medical services that the insurance companies viewed as  of a pre-existing condition, such as for sexually transmitted illness or mental health. The Republican bill might make it harder for people who have pre-existing conditions to get affordable health care coverage. Victims of sexual assault would face the same challenge as others with pre-existing conditions. But we don’t know for sure given the bill’s current form. We rate this  .
Statement: Eric Schmitt "sponsored a bill to spend $480 million of your tax dollars" on cargo hub for airlines "owned by China's Communist Party" and "voted to let China buy up Missouri farmland.
Speaker: team pac
About the speaker: Team PAC is a super PAC that says it is “committed to electing proven conservatives and veterans to federal offices.”
 
Date: February 7, 2022
Location: missouri
Topics: agriculture;china;trade;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Team PAC said Schmitt "sponsored a bill to spend $480 million of your tax dollars to create a cargo hub here for airlines owned by China's Communist Party" and "voted to let China buy up Missouri farmland." Schmitt’s 2011 bill initially called for $480 million in tax credits, not state expenditures, for a proposed air cargo hub to support international trade, including exports, with a Chinese airline as a potential partner; the tax credits would have been contingent on investment and trade occurring. The bill did not become law. Schmitt’s vote for a 2013 bill that became law allowed for foreign businesses to own a limited amount of agricultural land in Missouri. The statement is based on bills that Schmitt supported in the legislature, but it leaves out important context about his vote and the effect of the legislation. We rate it .
Statement: Says Congressman Tom McClintock, R-Calif., "has authored three laws since he's been in office; two renamed post offices.
Speaker: jessica morse
About the speaker: Jessica Morse is a Democratic candidate for California's 4th Congressional District east of Sacramento. 
Date: July 19, 2018
Location: california
Topics: congress
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Democratic challenger Jessica Morse claimed on Twitter that GOP Rep. Tom McClintock "has authored three laws since he’s been in office; two renamed post offices." Websites Govtrack.us and Congress.gov show McClintock has authored four bills that were signed into law. Two were to rename post offices. Morse’s  is  on the number signed into law. But her tweet is also  because members of Congress rarely author stand-alone bills. Most are added as amendments to larger bills. Additionally, the number of bills authored is not necessarily the best measurement of a politician’s effectiveness. There are many other ways they can shape legislation. We rated Morse’s statement .    –  The statement is not accurate. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: As governor, Kasich delivered the largest tax cut in the nation.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: February 24, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: taxes
Context: a Kasich for America ad, "Progress"
Fact-check justification: The Kasich campaign ad says that "as governor, Kasich delivered the largest tax cut in the nation." The ad exaggerated in claiming that Ohio's tax cut topped every other state. While Ohio’s cuts are significant, when you factor in state population and economic size, Kansas’ reduction may be larger over time. Ohio’s shifting of the tax burden, from individual income tax to taxation on consumption, is what some consider more of a tax shift than a tax cut, and forces local governments to raise taxes in turn. Plus, the size of the tax cut wasn’t entirely Kasich’s idea, since it was the Legislature that made it bigger than he first proposed.  We rate this  .
Statement: Says Bill O'Reilly wrote a post claiming that the coronavirus was created as a bioweapon by the Chinese government.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 11, 2020
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: O’Reilly’s website staff confirmed that he didn’t write the message. Meanwhile, fact-checking organization Snopes found that the  author of the screed appears to be a man named Tim Besmer, who posted the same text to his Facebook page on April 2, along with a copyright notice on the bottom with his name and the words "Permission given for public sharing. "  At some point along the way, O’Reilly’s name was added to the essay and Besmer’s disappeared. This is a misattributed, unproven conspiracy theory of its own. !
Statement: Hitler "abolished unions and that's what" Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker is "doing today.
Speaker: lena taylor
About the speaker: Lena Taylor is a Milwaukee Democrat, was elected to the Wisconsin Senate in 2004. She previously served for nearly two years in the state Assembly.
Date: February 15, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;state budget
Context: a TV interview, as well as other venues
Fact-check justification: His budget-repair bill would prohibit some government workers from joining unions and it would curtail the collective bargaining rights of most public employees. But Walker cannot order any of the changes; they would have to be approved by the Legislature, put in place by voters in November 2010. Hitler, by fiat, not only ended all collective bargaining, he abolished all unions, seized their funds and sent their leaders to concentration camps. Taylor’s comparison is  extreme. It deserves our most extreme rating: .
Statement: According to a recent study from the University of California Riverside, (sanctuary) cities with these policies have more violent crime on average than those that don't.
Speaker: jeff sessions
About the speaker: Jeff Sessions is President Donald Trump's Attorney General. He was previously a U.S. Senator from Alabama.
 
Date: July 12, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security;crime
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Sessions claimed, "According to a recent study from the University of California Riverside, (sanctuary) cities with these policies have more violent crime on average than those that don’t." Sessions’  is based on one figure of the study that does appear to show that violent crime is higher in sanctuary cities. But the researchers say Sessions mischaracterized the findings and failed to consider additional information in the study. Vertical lines in the figure represent confidence intervals and capture statistical uncertainty, one of the researchers said. Another figure in the study also shows that post-sanctuary policies, some cities had higher crime rates, others had lower rates and others saw no change. Overall, the study concluded that sanctuary policies had no effect on crime rates. Sessions’ statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Florida is "one of the few states that has actually had a narrowing of the achievement gap based on income, or based on race or ethnicity.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: March 13, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: education;poverty
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Bush said Florida is "one of the few states that has actually had a narrowing of the achievement gap based on income, or based on race or ethnicity." Changes in the achievement gap can vary widely depending on the years studied, the tests chosen and the student groups measured, but Bush can point to fairly strong  on the black-white gap narrowing, fairly weak  of improvements in the white-Hispanic gap, and modest  backing up gains among poorer students. As for how unique Florida is, Bush has a point that it was the only state to consistently narrow the gap between black and white students, at least on math and reading tests between 2003 and 2013. The state wasn’t a national leader in closing the achievement gap between whites and Hispanics, though Florida’s Hispanic students are a leader on fourth-grade reading scores. On balance, then, Bush is more correct than not, so we rate his  .
Statement: Video shows Biden giving the "same exact speech" months apart.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 14, 2022
Location: national
Topics: economy;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Although a portion of each speech bore similarities, Biden’s remarks were different and geared toward distinct tenets of the U.S. economy.   The post also omitted where the two speeches began to differ. For example, after Biden spoke of gas prices on Dec. 1, 2021, he immediately praised the American Rescue Plan. On Dec. 3, 2021, Biden spoke of consumer demand during the year-end holidays. We rate this Instagram post .
Statement: Candidates who are supporting the Green New Deal are "promoting abortion in third world countries to control the population!
Speaker: nikki haley
About the speaker: Nikki Haley announced on Feb. 14, 2023 that she is running for president in the Republican primary. Haley was the governor of South Carolina 2011-2017 and then served as President Donald Trump's ambassador to the UN in 2017 and 2018.
Date: October 26, 2019
Location: national
Topics: abortion;climate change
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: Haley said in an email that targets defeat of the Green New Deal that candidates who are supporting the proposal are "promoting abortion in third world countries to control the population!" The email distorts the Green New Deal resolution by linking it to abortion. (The linked petition is even more direct.) The only element of  in her attack is Sanders, one of the 2020 presidential candidates, linked climate change, population control and reproductive rights in a town hall. We rate Haley’s  .
Statement: Says Rick Perry's proposal on driver licenses and high school dropouts has been state law since 1989.
Speaker: bill white
About the speaker: Bill White, an author, is a San Antonio native who was mayor of Houston from 2004-2009. He was the 2010 Democratic nominee for governor of Texas.
Date: August 9, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: children;families;crime
Context: an East Texas campaign stop
Fact-check justification: As for White's , the candidate is right that a 1989 law required teens under 18 to show they're in school or have graduated before they can get their driver's licenses -- and on that point, Perry offered nothing new. But White overlooked the fact that Perry did propose a change, aimed at toughening the law that was in place for the past 20 years to cause dropouts to lose their licenses at renewal time. However, it wasn't entirely new. Last year Perry signed a bill into law that had a similar goal but removed the renewal requirement entirely. We rate White's statement .
Statement: 6,400 Ohioans ... lost manufacturing jobs in the month of September.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 22, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: So was the Romney campaign cherry picking its figure, given these broader trends? You might argue that, but as The Plain Dealer reported, the latest monthly jobs report troubled economists, too. It was just one monthly report and more information will be required to know if there is a trend, but it suggested a weaker recovery. And, combined with the latest unemployment number, it raised questions about the trade-offs of self-employment, perhaps at lower wages. On the -O-Meter, the  rates .
Statement: I'm running for office with much more experience and qualifications than Barack Obama had when he ran.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: April 25, 2015
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a meeting with the Des Moines Register editorial board
Fact-check justification: We find Obama and Rubio’s overall experience to be roughly equivalent. Rubio would have an edge in political experience, although his time as a part-time city commissioner for a town of less than 6,000 people isn’t as rigorous as holding statewide office. Obama’s term as a senator came to a close sooner than Rubio’s would, due to the timing of the elections. But real-life experience outside the bubble of politics counts for something, too. Obama worked for years doing several different jobs, while Rubio spent some time as a lawyer. The time frame has something to do with it -- Obama was 47 when he became president, while Rubio would be 45 if he won election in November 2016. Rubio can  he’ll have a few more years in political office, but Obama had a wider range of occupations. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says the U.S. Senate has passed "a budget" over the last three years "called the Budget Control Act.
Speaker: robert menendez
About the speaker: Robert Menendez, a Democrat, has been serving as one of New Jersey's U.S. Senators since January 2006. Menendez previously served as a member of the House of Representatives.
Date: October 10, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: federal budget
Context: a debate on New Jersey 101.5-FM
Fact-check justification: During last week’s debate, Menendez claimed Kyrillos’ statement was  and that the Senate has passed "a budget" in the last three years, "called the Budget Control Act." That Act set limits on discretionary spending, but it is missing other features of a "budget resolution," which is considered a budget plan under the official congressional budget process. The Senate hasn’t passed such a plan in more than three years. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: DNC chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz "denied unemployment went up under Obama.
Speaker: republican national committee
About the speaker: The Republican National Committee is the national arm of the Republican Party.
Date: December 12, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an email to reporters
Fact-check justification: The enemy of clarity is cross-talk. The twists and implications in this conversation happen fast and are not explained to viewers, leaving some with the impression that Wasserman Schultz emphatically disagrees with the fact that there are more people without jobs today than in early 2009. The devil is usually in the details, however, and in this case, Carlson's start to the conversation did not express exactly that. Did Wasserman Schultz really insist that unemployment did not go up during Obama’s term, as claimed by bloggers and then propagated by the Republican National Committee? No. Wasserman Schultz insisted something else -- that it hadn't gone up precipitously and that it is not going up .   We rate this  .
Statement: Says Sean Connery wrote a letter to Steve Jobs refusing to be an Apple spokesman.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 31, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The story that ran alongside the letter said that Jobs was a lifelong fan of James Bond — who originally wanted to name the iMac computer the "Double-O-Mac," and instructed Apple in 1998 to "begin work on a special celebrity Christmas ad featuring 007 himself, Sean Connery — even though Connery had yet to be signed." Business Insider among others fell for the  missive Connery supposedly sent to Jobs. The Washington Post reported at the time that "wishful thinkers have been delighting" in the actor’s pointed refusal to be an Apple spokesman.   With the news of Connery’s death at age 90, the letter has been spreading online again without the caveat that it’s actually .   It is, and we rate claims suggesting otherwise .