chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Requiring photo ID would keep about 200,000 Missourians from voting.
Speaker: kip kendrick
About the speaker: Kip Kendrick is a Democrat in the Missouri state House whose district includes Columbia.
Date: February 4, 2016
Location: missouri
Topics: elections;legal issues
Context: a League of Women Voters Town Hall meeting
Fact-check justification: While requiring a photo ID could be expensive and might affect or inconvenience between 220,000 and 400,000 Missourians, it wouldn’t necessarily keep them from voting. Unlike past bills, the legislation currently proposed does address the cost of supplying supporting documentation necessary for obtaining photo ID, making it difficult to say it would financially "keep people from voting." No one knows exactly how many Missourians would be affected by new photo ID requirements — but there is consensus that the number who would need new photo IDs is in the hundreds of thousands. We rate Kendrick’s statement .
Statement: Scam artists are using Amazon to send people face masks laced with "something toxic.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 25, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that there is a scam going around where people are receiving unsolicited packages of masks and that Amazon said the masks may be laced with a toxic substance. We can find no  of toxic masks being sent or Amazon warning of it. Local police told us such an event wasn’t anything they had heard of either.  We rate this  .
Statement: After the White House fast food dinner, Clemson quarterback Trevor Lawrence said the "coastal elite media" trashed it "for not being organic vegan" and that it was "a perfect blue collar party.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 15, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: https://t.co/dhYzZpSNUD Lawrence’s tweet shared the  quote from @CloydRivers, an account with 1.8 million followers that routinely shares misinformation. That tweet has since been removed from the platform. Ross Taylor, assistant athletic director for Clemson football communications, told the Associated Press that Lawrence was shown the  quote on Tuesday. "Everything that is presented in the meme is fabricated," Taylor said. This quote is !
Statement: Says the president of the University of Texas has raised four-year student graduation rates to 75 percent.
Speaker: matt mackowiak
About the speaker: Matt Mackowiak, former press secretary to U.S. Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison, lives and works in Washington and Austin. He frequently comments on politics and government.
Date: April 1, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: an opinion colulmn
Fact-check justification: Mackowiak said UT-Austin’s president had driven four-year graduation rates to 75 percent. However, the latest four-year graduation rate on the campus was no greater than 53 percent, compared to rates the same or a bit lower in the other full years of Powers’ presidency. The institution's declared goal is a four-year rate of at least 70 percent.   We rate the  as .   UPDATE, April 9, 2013 : This story was updated to reflect the American-Statesman publishing a correction of Mackowiak's oped column. This did not affect our rating of his .
Statement: Says she balanced a $10 billion budget shortfall without raising taxes.
Speaker: elizabeth ames jones
About the speaker: Elizabeth Ames Jones resigned from the Texas Railroad Commission to run for a Texas Senate seat in 2012. She formerly served in the Texas House.
Date: April 9, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: message machine 2012;state budget;taxes
Context: a web video
Fact-check justification: Jones was among a select group of House members to draft the first version of the budget that she touts and ultimately voted, like most House colleagues, to send to the governor. Her video could easily have specified that Jones fought in the House for no new taxes and worked to make up a $10 billion shortfall. In contrast, it leaves the misimpression that "she did it," all of it, as if by herself. All told, her  has a clear-cut element of , but ignores critical facts putting her role in perspective. We rate her statement .
Statement: Says Michelle Obama said Florida shooting "is clearly our president's fault.
Speaker: usdeplorablesnews.com
About the speaker: Usdeplorablesnews.com is a fake news website.
Date: February 15, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact;guns
Context: a fake news blog post
Fact-check justification: Caring for our kids is our first job. And until we can honestly say that we're doing enough to keep them safe from harm, including long overdue, common-sense gun safety laws that most Americans want, then we have to change." Websites claimed that Michelle Obama blamed Trump for the shooting in Florida. But she never said that. We rate this  .
Statement: Video shows Hillary Clinton popping a brown paper bag during a press conference.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 5, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The name of a website appears on the Facebook video — culturepub.fr. Searching for the words "culturepub," "clinton" and "bag," we found another version of the video on the French site.   There, the clip is much lighter and clearer, making it obvious these people aren’t the Clintons. And in French, the video is clearly labeled as a parody.   We rate claims that this video shows the real Clintons !
Statement: Since being elected, (Tom Barrett) has dumped 8.2 billion gallons of raw sewage into Lake Michigan.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: August 11, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment
Context: the wake of sewage dumping
Fact-check justification: James Fratrick, a watershed specialist for the  DNR, said that MMSD will never completely stop untreated waste from being released into Lake Michigan, and its state permit allows some emergency dumping to occur because zero discharge is not practical or required under federal law. "With rainfall events like this, it’s not economically feasible," Fratrick said. So there is some  to Walker’s statement in that Barrett pledged he would stop the flows during the campaign and can influence the policies and procedures through his appointments to the board. But it’s an exaggeration to say that Barrett himself dumped the raw sewage into the lake after the extraordinary rainfall. We find the  .
Statement: Says Thomas Jefferson said, "If serving in an elected office ever becomes a career, corruption will surely follow.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 8, 2021
Topics: congress;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: – Thomas Jefferson to Samuel Adams , Feb. 26, 1800  "Offices are as acceptable here as elsewhere, and when once a man has cast a longing eye on them, a rottenness begins in his conduct." – Thomas Jefferson to Tenche Cox, May 21, 1799 "The second feature I dislike, and greatly dislike, is the abandonment in every instance of the necessity of rotation in office, and most particularly in the case of the President." –  Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, Dec. 20, 1787 .   Still, Jefferson record-keepers say there is no record of Jefferson saying what the Facebook post claims.   We rate this  .
Statement: Toothpaste contains "the poison substance of fluoride.
Speaker: jim bohl
About the speaker: Jim Bohl has served as an alderman on the Milwaukee Common Council since April 2000. Before being elected, he worked as a high school teacher and as an aide to Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett, when Barrett served as a Democratic member of Congress.
Date: May 30, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: public health;science
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: But saying toothpaste contains a poison, Bohl overstates his case and the alarm to the public. People generally don’t eat and swallow toothpaste. And if they did, it would take a massive amount to be at risk from fluoride poisoning. In fact, experts say a kid would vomit out the toothpaste long before that point. We rate Bohl’s  .
Statement: They didn't allow" Simone Biles "to take her ADHD medication.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 1, 2021
Topics: drugs;health care;sports;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: She said that her "mind and body are simply not in sync" and that "physical health is mental health. "  Biles withdrew from more events before the announcement that she would return for the balance beam final on Aug. 3. Representatives from Team USA and for Biles did not respond to our requests for comment. It’s worth noting that Japan bans many stimulants but makes some exceptions for athletes, and allows certain non-stimulant ADHD drugs, such as Ritalin, according to Team USA.   With no  that Biles was prevented from taking medication during the Tokyo Olympics, we rate the post .
Statement: Says Thom Tillis has been "blocking his own party's efforts to reduce the cost of prescription drugs.
Speaker: cal cunningham
About the speaker: Cal Cunningham is a Democrat running for US Senate in 2020.
Date: September 14, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: health care
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Cunningham says Tillis has a record of "blocking his own party’s efforts to reduce the cost of prescription drugs." It’s fair to say that, in a few instances, Tillis has opposed his own party’s efforts to reduce the cost of prescription drugs. That includes Grassley’s bill, which experts see as a significant effort. But Tillis has also offered alternatives. And there’s not a lot of definitive proof that Tillis, alone, has halted legislation that would have otherwise passed. Cunningham’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Says Republicans "have declared that they're going to convert the Medicare program into a voucher program.
Speaker: upendra chivukula
About the speaker: Upendra Chivukula is a Democratic state Assemblyman who represents parts of Middlesex and Somerset counties. He is challenging U.S. Rep. Leonard Lance for a seat in the House of Representatives this November.
Date: August 31, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: federal budget;health care;medicare
Context: an interview on NJToday
Fact-check justification: In a TV interview, Chivukula claimed Republicans "have declared that they’re going to convert the Medicare program into a voucher program." Starting in 2023, the Republicans’ plan would provide premium support payments for new beneficiaries to purchase private insurance or a plan that acts like traditional Medicare. The term "voucher" generally describes this approach. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: The Fair Tax proposal encourages innovation and investment "level the playing field" for American companies to compete globally.
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: April 27, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: his debut Senate floor speech
Fact-check justification: David Perdue claimed the Fair Tax will boost the economy by increasing investment and innovation, making American companies more competitive on a world stage. There are some models that reinforce the idea that the way to encourage investment is to free up more money in private sector – something the Fair Tax pledges to do. But the  ignores contrary economic models that show the additional money stays as profit for companies – or investments for the wealthy – while lower-income taxpayers spend most of their income. What exactly would happen can’t be known unless the change is fully implemented. But the Fair Tax also ignores political realities, such as tax evasion and potential uproar at increasing taxes on the powerful voting bloc of the elderly. There is some  that broad consumption tax will help the economy, but the specific Fair Tax has too many questions to be a certainty. We rate Perdue’s  .
Statement: Wisconsin children are crossing "condemned bridges in the middle of the winter to get to the school bus.
Speaker: kathleen vinehout
About the speaker: Democrat Kathleen Vinehout is a Wisconsin state senator from Alma, in western Wisconsin. The former university professor and dairy farmer was elected to the Senate in 2006 and re-elected in 2010. She ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination to run against Gov. Scott Walker in the gubernatorial recall election in 2012.
Date: February 24, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;education;infrastructure;public safety;transportation
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: But school buses use other county roads to pick up and drop off children in that area, he said. Our rating Vinehout says Wisconsin children are crossing "condemned bridges in the middle of the winter to get to the school bus." Two bridges in Vinehout’s home county of Buffalo have been "condemned" in that they are too badly damaged for any vehicle traffic. But officials have determined that they remain safe for pedestrians, and children do use one of the bridges to get to and from their school bus. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details, our rating is .
Statement: On tax inversions, the Wall Street Journal "surprisingly attacked this tax scheme.
Speaker: chris matthews
About the speaker: Chris Matthews is the host of the MSNBC show Hardball. Previously, Matthews served on the staffs of congressional Democrats and worked as a speechwriter for President Jimmy Carter. He also worked as chief of staff to former House Speaker Tip O'Neil.
Date: August 27, 2014
Topics: taxes;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of MSNBC's "Hardball"
Fact-check justification: Matthews said the Wall Street Journal attacked a "tax scheme" known as inversion. We asked many tax experts to interpret the Wall Street Journal’s editorial and not a single one agreed with Matthews. They said the newspaper was criticizing the U.S. corporate tax code and if anything, it cast the Burger King deal as a sensible response to a dysfunctional tax system. We rate the  .
Statement: Trump bailed out Wall Street, but not Main Street.
Speaker: lincoln project
About the speaker: The Lincoln Project is a group of Republicans and former Republicans who are critical of President Donald Trump.
Date: May 5, 2020
Topics: corrections and updates;financial regulation;small business;ad watch;coronavirus
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: The Lincoln Project ad says, "Trump bailed out Wall Street, but not Main Street." This is  on several levels. First, Trump doesn’t solely get the credit, or the blame, for anything in the CARES Act; it was supported by virtually all congressional Democrats as well. The financial firms criticized for benefiting from the Great Recession bailouts do receive some ancillary benefits from the act, but the loan-accepting companies are the primary target of such largesse, not the banks. The clearest problem with the  is the notion in the ad that "Main Street" is not being aided. About three-quarters of the loans in the Paycheck Protection Program were made in the smallest loan size category, one that would support a business of roughly seven to 10 people. We rate the statement . UPDATE:  After publication, we received the following response from the Lincoln Project. Our key findings still stand, and the rating remains .  "We base that  on the following  Meriam Webster  remarks about Wall St: 'In popular culture "Wall Street" stands in contrast to "Main Street." While Wall Street is used to describe the capital markets and the financial industry, Main Street is typically used to describe the larger economy in which the vast majority of people live and work.' "Charlie Gasparino, the senior correspondent at Fox Business Network ,  wrote in an  op-ed  for the New York Post, 'These measures will almost certainly benefit Wall Street and market speculation — even as their impact on Main Street will be slow to come.' He also wrote, 'Wall Street traders will make money, while Main Street businesses face economic conditions not seen since the Great Depression.'  "Private equity, one of the largest sectors of the financial industry, is looking to cash in on COVID-19 relief money.  According to an article from  Vanity Fair , 'Among those angling for a federal handout is one of the wealthiest sectors of the American economy: private equity. These firms not only have a record $1.5 trillion in cash on the sidelines, waiting to be invested, but their CEOs are among America’s richest executives. So why should they be permitted to raid the federal Treasury in a time of crisis?'"
Statement: The people that perpetrated that travesty in San Bernardino had never been to the Middle East.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: February 16, 2016
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: a campaign event
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "The people that perpetrated that travesty in San Bernardino had never been to the Middle East." This is . The wife lived her entire life in the Middle East until 2014, and the husband traveled to Saudi Arabia on at least two recent occasions to meet with her. We rate Clinton’s  .
Statement: Says "the New York Times wrote about" Barack Obama wiretapping Donald Trump during the election.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 15, 2017
Location: national
Topics: homeland security
Context: an interview with Fox's Tucker Carlson
Fact-check justification: Trump said "the New York Times wrote about" Obama wiretapping him during the election. The New York Times article Trump references says the FBI has used intercepted communications in its investigation of several Trump associates and their ties to Russia. It does not say Obama ordered this surveillance, nor does it say Trump’s own phones were tapped or that he was under surveillance in any way. Trump took an article about legitimate intelligence investigations and completely distorted it. We rate his  .
Statement: While the sequester is in effect, the federal government is still funding a study on duck penises.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: March 20, 2013
Location: national
Topics: animals;corrections and updates;federal budget;science;sexuality
Context: tweets
Fact-check justification: Folks in the twitterverse said the federal government is cutting services, furloughing employees and cancelling White House tours, but it still has the money to pay for a study examining duck penises. The study is real, and it does indeed explore the unique sexual behaviors and physical characteristics of ducks. It was funded through a National Science Foundation grant that expires this year. It’s a bit dubious to tie that grant, which was awarded with stimulus dollars, with the current budget cuts, because they arise from different budgetary issues. But is the government subsidizing research on duck penises? It sure is. We rate the tweets .   Editor's note: We updated this item on March 24, 2013, to clarify that ducks reproduce via fertilized eggs.
Statement: Says state lawmakers have voted to "spend virtually all of the Rainy Day Fund four times" since the fund's creation.
Speaker: rodney ellis
About the speaker: Ellis, a former member of the Houston City Council, was initially elected to the Texas Senate in 1990. On his campaign website, he singles out his authorship of legislation affording state-funded college grants for needy students. He chairs the Senate Committee on Government Organization.
Date: May 16, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: state budget
Context: Texas Senate floor debate
Fact-check justification: "Again in 2005, the Legislature appropriated $1.9 billion in Rainy Day funds, using roughly half for 2005 shortfalls, and the other half for 2006-07, spending almost all the $2 billion that was forecast to be available." Next, we confirmed the amounts of rainy-day money that lawmakers could have spent in each of these instances by reviewing biennial revenue forecasts made by respective state comptrollers. Finally, the Legislative Reference Library guided us to a Feb. 3 report by the House Research Organization, a non-partisan arm of the Texas House, specifying how much money the 1991, 1993, 2003 and 2005 Legislatures appropriated from the fund. Punch line: The center’s recap is accurate. We rate Ellis’s statement .
Statement: Says he never wanted to raise the debt ceiling.
Speaker: mike collins
About the speaker: Mike Collins co-owns Collins Industries, a trucking company. His father, Mac, served six terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. Collins is running as a Republican for Georgia's 10th Congressional District.
Date: May 16, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: debt;federal budget
Context: a flier
Fact-check justification: He might not have meant what he said, but his opponents have a point. He did say it. Our team had a lot of debate about this one. We believe Collins is somewhat accurate, but the  in his flier omits some critical facts. Under our rating system, we rate Collins’  as .