chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Ron DeSantis "voted in an agricultural bill to give food stamps to illegal immigrants.
Speaker: adam putnam
About the speaker: Adam Putnam lost the Republican primary for Florida governor to U.S. Rep. Ron DeSantis in 2018. A former Republican Congressman from Congressional District 12 in Central Florida, was elected Florida Commissioner of Agriculture on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014.
Date: June 28, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: a Fox News Debate
Fact-check justification: Putnam claimed DeSantis "voted in an agricultural bill to give food stamps to illegal immigrants." DeSantis actually voted against the bill, and explained later it had nothing to do with provisions related to immigration. Putnam has cast the vote against the farm bill as somehow allowing people living in the country illegally to receive food assistance benefits. But the practice was prohibited before the 2014 vote, and it remained prohibited after the 2014 vote. We rate this  !
Statement: The price of gasoline was at $1.85 a gallon when President Barack Obama took office and has since nearly doubled because of his policies
Speaker: billboard
About the speaker: A billboard along Interstate 94 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Date: July 23, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: gas prices
Context: a billboard
Fact-check justification: None of these were tied to Obama’s policies. The blanket  that Obama is responsible for gas prices doubling gets one part correct: the unusually low price at the start of his administration. The broader  that Obama is to blame is off base. The statement contains some elements of  but leaves out critical facts that would give a different impression. That’s our definition for .
Statement: $3 trillion for federal coronavirus stimulus packages is "being borrowed basically from China.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: May 6, 2020
Topics: china;debt;economy;coronavirus
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Paul said $3 trillion for federal coronavirus stimulus packages is "being borrowed basically from China." Experts say that the Federal Reserve is likely to be a major source of funds for the $3 trillion and that China, with relatively little available funds, is expected to buy little if any of the debt. We rate Paul’s statement .
Statement: Says Joe Exotic was pardoned.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 20, 2021
Topics: criminal justice;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Exotic was not among the 74 people that Trump pardoned , however.   "I was too innocent and too GAY to deserve a Prdon from Trump," read a tweet from Exotic’s account after President Joe Biden was sworn into office. "Boy were we all stupid to believe he actually stood for Equal Justice? His corrupt friends all come first." We rate claims that he was pardoned .
Statement: Says he didn't cancel a political rally because after Sept. 11, "the New York Stock Exchange was open the following day.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 27, 2018
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: Murphysboro, Ill
Fact-check justification: Trump said he didn't cancel a political rally because after the 9/11 attacks, "the New York Stock Exchange was open the following day." It wasn’t; the exchange didn’t open until a week later, on Sept. 17. We rate the statement .
Statement: Mitt Romney wants "to set a date for withdrawal" from Iraq.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: January 26, 2008
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: Fort Myers, Fla
Fact-check justification: So McCain and Romney do seem to have genuine policy differences when it comes to withdrawal. But McCain paraphrases Romney's statements in a way that leaves voters with the impression that Romney advocates a specific date for withdrawal from Iraq, which he does not. When Romney spoke about setting timetables for troop withdrawal it was within the context of meeting benchmarks or goals for progress there. For that reason, we come down on the more negative side of the -O-Meter's dial. We rate McCain's statement .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama's proposed budget includes two new tax increases that would collect about $14 billion.
Speaker: tom price
About the speaker: Rep. Tom Price is the Secretary of Health and Human Services in the Trump administration. Previously, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives for the 6th District of Georgia, an area that includes Marietta and Canton.
Date: May 1, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Calling them tax increases is a matter of semantics. That could imply it would affect large numbers of people who got Price’s tweet. The changes would affect a very small percentage of account holders, studies show. That’s important context that is missing. We rate Price’s  .
Statement: Says 2010 was the "worst year ever for America's doctors" reimbursed by Medicare.
Speaker: michael burgess
About the speaker: Burgess, initially elected to Congress in 2002, founded and chairs the Congressional Health Care Caucus, which raises questions about the Democratic-steered overhaul of federal health laws that passed into law in the spring of 2010.
Date: December 28, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: health care
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: What we're talking about here is physicians' perceptions, which can't be measured as objectively as you're trying to do." Our finding: Hitches in congressional action on an anticipated big cut in Medicare rates surely contributed to physicians’ financial worries in 2010. However, their rates increased slightly at mid-year and the increase is scheduled to hold through this year. It’s difficult to see how that makes 2010 the worst year ever for Medicare doctors compared to 2002, when rates went down, and some subsequent years when rates were frozen. We rate Burgess’s statement .
Statement: Says the word newspaper stands for "north, east, west, south, past and present event report.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 16, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The odd and doubtful construction probably accounts for the  folk-etymology (attested by 1640 but originally, and in 18c. usually, in jest-books) that claims it to be an abbreviation of north east south west, as though ‘information from all quarters of the compass.’" The word paper alone has origins in the Latin word "papyrus," the stalks used to make paper, and the Greek word "papyros. "  This  is a repurposed hoax. We rate it !
Statement: California has approved $1.2 million in reparations for every Black resident.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: May 7, 2023
Location: national
Topics: race and ethnicity;california
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: One estimate suggests that, if they were implemented, a 71-year-old lifelong resident of California might be eligible for more than $1 million. But that does not mean every Black resident would receive that amount — and any plan would require legislative and gubernatorial approval to become law. The task force has yet to send its final plan to the Legislature, but will do so by July 1. The  is premature and lacks a full understanding of the task force’s actions. We rate this  .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama "is a socialist.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: January 8, 2012
Location: national
Topics: government regulation;new hampshire 2012;patriotism
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: There are plenty of ways to have a meaningful, substantive conversation about the differences of the Republicans and Democrats in tax policy, economics and the role of government. But it's simply preposterous for Perry -- and Gingrich -- to refer to Obama's policies as socialism or to say he is a socialist. Obama's policies may have expanded government, but they don't justify this  hyperbole. We're reaching for the matches -- !
Statement: We got a million jobs.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: April 5, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a confrontation with a customer at a Gainesville, Fla., Starbucks
Fact-check justification: Scott said "we got a million jobs," referring to employment in the state of Florida on his watch. On the numbers, Scott is on target -- the figure is actually a bit higher than 1 million net, new, nonfarm jobs. We’ll just note, as we always do in cases like this, that the governor is not solely responsible for this improvement -- other factors played a role too. The statement is accurate but needs additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: Since 2009, "millions of Americans have lost their health care plans.
Speaker: josh hawley
About the speaker: Josh Hawley took office as U.S. Senator from Missouri in 2019. Hawley previously served as Missouri’s Attorney General. 
Date: August 20, 2018
Location: missouri
Topics: health care
Context: an op-ed for the Springfield News-Leader
Fact-check justification: U.S. Senate candidate Josh Hawley wrote in an op-ed for the Springfield News-Leader that "millions of Americans have lost their healthcare plans." He has focused in on this issue as a part of his campaign. But our experts and even the source provided by Hawley’s team contradicted this, clarifying that just because you received a cancellation notice doesn’t mean that you no longer have health insurance. Hawley’s  is  because it asserts that coverage was automatically lost. Other options and a sizable time period were given to those experiencing cancellations. Coverage was only lost if a new plan was not sought out by the individual before his or her  previous plan was phased out. For those reasons, we rate this  .
Statement: Thanks to you, in under one week we have the largest GOP (Facebook) page in the Governor's race!
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: April 19, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;elections;pop culture
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: McCollum had 5,070. Dockery had 4,281. We should point out, however, that likely Democratic nominee Alex Sink, the state's chief financial officer, had 10,779 people who "like" her page. Still, when it comes to the Republican campaign for governor, newcomer Scott says he can reach more people on the social-networking website Facebook than either McCollum or Dockery and he's right. We rate his statement .
Statement: Former business partner Robert Gay says: "The man who helped save my daughter was Mitt Romney.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: December 19, 2007
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Fact-check justification: The ad says Romney "helped save" the girl, and we certainly aren't going to argue over the physical condition of the girl when she was found. Her Dad says she was "saved," and under the circumstances we won't disagree. The ad also says Romney "helped." Hard to argue with that either. .
Statement: Some criminals have learned how to spy on Americans, hacking into our home computers and looking out through the video camera attached to the screen.
Speaker: sheldon whitehouse
About the speaker: Sheldon Whitehouse is a Democratic U.S. Senator from Rhode Island.
Date: June 16, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: crime;technology
Context: the U.S. Senate
Fact-check justification: And while such cases are seemingly rare, law enforcement officials have arrested people in cases that involved webcam hacking to "spy on Americans," the phrase Whitehouse used. Before we issue our ruling, rest assured of one thing: No one has ever hacked the -O-Meter. We rate this   . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: The entire banking system in Canada is closing down.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 15, 2022
Topics: financial regulation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: ​​Our ruling  A Facebook post claimed that Canada’s entire banking system is closing down.   Rogers Communications, a major telecommunications services provider, had an outage that lasted the better part of a day. Some banking activities were affected.   The post does not say that the outage is over and says the banking system is closing down, which isn’t accurate.   We rate this  .
Statement: A majority of President Trump's supporters and voters wanted (the United States) to stay in" the Paris Agreement.
Speaker: al gore
About the speaker: Former Vice President Al Gore cofounded and chairs both Generation Investment Management and Current TV. He is on the Board of Directors of Apple Computer, Inc. and is a senior advisor to Google, Inc. He is also a visiting professor at Middle Tennessee State University.
Gore wrote An Inconvenient Truth, a best-selling book on global warming, and is the subject of the Academy Award-winning movie of the same title.
Date: June 4, 2017
Location: national
Topics: climate change;polls and public opinion
Context: an interview on ABC "This Week"
Fact-check justification: That amounts to a plurality, not a majority. While our experts lauded Yale-GMU's statistical methodology and reputation, the poll question skirted the tension inherent in policymaking. A more meaningful question about whether or not to participate in the Paris Agreement would force respondents to wrestle with environmental and economic trade-offs. Ultimately, it's risky hanging a factual assertion on any one single poll, and a fuller, more accurate picture of Trump supporters' opinion of environmental policy is likely to emerge through additional polling over time. We rate Gore’s statement .
Statement: Unlike Benghazi, there were no investigations of the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing, none about key aspects of the 9/11 attacks and the Iraq War, and none about embassy attacks under George W. Bush.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 23, 2015
Location: national
Topics: congress;foreign policy;military
Context: posts on the Internet
Fact-check justification: The graphic says there were no investigations of the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing, none on key aspects of the 9/11 attacks and the Iraq War, and none about embassy attacks under George W. Bush. The graphic has a point that deadly embassy attacks by terrorists during the Bush presidency did not prompt an investigation like the ones we’ve seen on the Benghazi attack. However, it’s flat  about the Beirut attack, and its assertion that key aspects of 9/11 and the Iraq War have not been investigated are largely . We rate the  .
Statement: Photo shows migrants heading to U.S. border in May 2023.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: May 8, 2023
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The caption read: "Aerial view of Honduran migrants heading in a caravan to the US, as they leave Arriaga on their way to San Pedro Tapanatepec, in southern Mexico." The people pictured were part of a large migrant caravan of more than 4,000 Central Americans who had pushed toward the U.S. border seeking asylum. We rate social media posts claiming the photo was taken recently . RELATED: Title 42 expiration: What's next for migrants applying for asylum at US’ southern border?
Statement: Says Donald Trump was seen "looking deliberately over a disabled child's head, ignoring his outstretched hand.
Speaker: j.k. rowling
About the speaker: J.K. Rowling is the author of the bestselling series of Harry Potter books, which were subsequently made into a string of popular movies. She lives in Edinburgh, Scotland.
Date: July 28, 2017
Topics: after the fact;health care;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Rowling said Trump was seen "looking deliberately over a disabled child's head, ignoring his outstretched hand." Her tweets were based on an edited video of a White House press conference that had circulated online. The full video of the event showed Trump did greet a 3-year-old boy with spina bifida. In her rush to defend a disabled child, Rowling reacted to only a snippet of video, without taking the entire event into consideration. She also did not respond to calls for her to recant her criticism. We rate Rowling’s  .
Statement: Georgia is one of only five states where breweries can't sell you a pint of beer to drink on premise or sell you a six-pack to go.
Speaker: georgia craft brewers guild 
About the speaker: Craft beer advocates
Date: March 9, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: alcohol;legal issues;government regulation
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: The Georgia Craft Brewers Guild is lobbying for breweries to have the right to sell directly to "consumers. The group argues craft beer breweries in the state are at a disadvantage because "Georgia is one of only 5 states where breweries can’t sell you a pint of beer to drink or sell you any to go." They were identified as West Virginia, Hawaii, Mississippi and North Dakota. But we found that at least North Dakota doesn't belong on the list with Georgia. 'It's clear that most states have already cleared the path for these sales. Others are moving in that direction. That’s the Georgia guild’s over-arching point. We rate the statement as .
Statement: The Koch network (is) spending more money (in a Senate race) in Ohio than anywhere else in the country.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: July 27, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: campaign finance;elections
Context: fundraising email
Fact-check justification: A fundraising email in support of Strickland said that the billionaire-backed Koch network has devoted the most money to oppose the Ohio senate candidate than in any other race in the country. Americans for Prosperity and the Freedom Partners Action Fund have spent about $8 million to oppose Strickland, which is more than they’ve dropped in any other race this election season to date. Strickland’s campaign, while hardly immune to special interests, is the Koch network’s biggest target in an election year that has seen conservative benefactors steer clear of the main ticket.   We rate the  .
Statement: Photos shows 2022 "midterm ballots in trash.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 10, 2022
Location: california
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Authorities discovered it in September 2020. "The content of the mail was mixed, but did contain several absentee ballots," the sheriff’s office said in a statement at the time.   We found no credible reports to corroborate the  that garbage collectors have allegedly found thousands of midterm ballots in the trash. This  appears to have originated on the Twitter account of @SpeculationNews, which is so named, according to its bio, "because it’s all made up anyway. "  We rate claims that these photos show trashed 2022 midterm ballots !
Statement: Says that in Curry County, "if you make a 911 call you're likely to wait for an hour for a response.
Speaker: jeff kruse
About the speaker: Jeff Kruse represents Senate District 1, which includes Roseburg. He is co-owner of Kruse Farms.
Date: July 8, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: county budget;county government;public safety;state budget;taxes
Context: a Senate floor speech
Fact-check justification: So, we don’t have a breakdown of response times for 911 calls, which means we can’t tell you how the hour wait compares with any sort of norm. Kruse’s use of the word "likely" could be taken by some listeners to mean "more likely than not," and there’s no  to suggest that is the case. Sometimes the response time in Curry County is better and sometimes it is worse, making the statement partially accurate. Response times can range from mere minutes to the next day of business, depending on the details of the call.    We find his statement is missing important details and rate it .