chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Alaska's Prince William Sound "is pristine now.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: April 29, 2010
Location: national
Topics: environment;pundits
Context: his radio program
Fact-check justification: The extent of oil exposure appears to be diminishing in most species, and there is  that the populations of some species are beginning to increase." That sounds encouraging. But it doesn't change the fact that, despite outward appearance, 21 years after the Exxon Valdez spill, Prince William Sound is not pristine. You may not be able to see it, but scientists and anyone willing to turn over rocks with a shovel attest to the fact that thousands of gallons of oil remain buried in some beaches, and the oil continues to adversely affect the environment. We rule Limbaugh's statement .
Statement: The Simpsons predicted Pizzagate.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 16, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The alien blows some dust off of it to reveal a title that says, "How to Cook For Humans." Lisa blows more dust and shows it says "How to Cook Forty Humans," before the alien blows off even more dust to reveal the full title: "How to Cook for Forty Humans."   Pulling together disparate jokes from different episodes that aired in different years does not add up toa Simpsons prediction. We’ll add it to our canon of fact-checks debunking other things the show was supposedly prescient about, including Queen Elizabeth II’s death , Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the Jan. 6, 2021, U.S. Capitol  attack , and COVID-19 . We rate claims that the Simpsons predicted Pizzagate !
Statement: Sweden has zero lockdown" and "is in no worse shape than Denmark or Norway," which are in lockdown.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 19, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Sweden has no lockdown and "is in no worse shape than Denmark or Norway," which are in lockdown. It goes too far to say Sweden has no lockdown, in that gatherings of more than 50 people are prohibited.  The  has an element of  in that Sweden has roughly the same number of confirmed cases per million people as Denmark and Norway. But it’s  to say that Sweden is doing no worse. The total number of confirmed cases is increasing at a faster rate in Sweden than in Norway and Denmark — even though Sweden is doing less testing per 1,000 people than Norway and Denmark. Moreover, Sweden has higher death rates. For a statement with some  that ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is .
Statement: Even in the last Congress, President Trump signed 18 of my bills.
Speaker: kirsten gillibrand
About the speaker: Kirsten Gillibrand is a senator from New York. Gillibrand was appointed as senator in 2009 to fill Hillary Clinton’s vacated seat, as Clinton became U.S. Secretary of State under Barack Obama. Gillibrand won a special election in 2010 to retain her senate seat and won re-elections in 2012 and 2018. From 2007 to 2009, she served as the representative of New York’s 20th Congressional District. Gillibrand received a bachelor’s degree in Asian Studies from Dartmouth College and a J.D. from UCLA School of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in August.
Date: June 10, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: congress;voting record
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Gillibrand said that Trump has signed "18 of my bills." The bills to which Gillibrand referred were not strictly bills that originated in her office. As the experts said, legislating requires flexibility in order to get anything accomplished. Indeed, provisions from bills that Gillibrand sponsored or supported early became law, but typically as part of other bills. Evaluating her contributions to those laws and how she influenced policy requires nuance and understanding how legislating works. But her phrasing lacked nuance. They may largely have been her ideas, but she called them "my bills." For all but one of the bills, she left out an important detail: In their final form, the bills were sponsored by someone else.   We rate her  .
Statement: She created the Waste, Fraud and Mismanagement Hotline.... (that) has saved Wisconsin taxpayers hundreds of thousands of dollars.
Speaker: julie lassa
About the speaker: Julie Lassa, a Democrat, was elected to the Wisconsin state Senate in 2003 after serving five years in the state Assembly. In November 2010, she lost a bid for the open U.S. House seat previously held by U.S. Rep. Dave Obey (D-Wis.). The district covers northwest Wisconsin.
Date: September 15, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Context: a statement on campaign web site
Fact-check justification: There’s no accounting of the actual savings, so we’re left to connect the dots. It seems plausible that the changes in the highway concrete program could one day reach -- or exceed -- that level. The savings in overtime seem likely to be smaller, although still possibly substantial. Regardless, any savings from the calls to the hotline will come down the road.   We rate Lassa’s statement .
Statement: In 1981, Matagorda, Brazoria, and Galveston Counties all opted out of the Social Security program for their employees. Today, their program is very, very well-funded and there is no question about whether it's going to be funded in" years to come.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: November 4, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: social security
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: And how does Perry's statement fare? Far as we can tell, the alternate plans are healthy and should remain so. But the Texas plans serve employees also eligible, depending on years of service, for the Austin-based pension plan. Perry's larger point, that Americans stand to benefit from swapping out Social Security for alternate plans, doesn't acknowledge this pre-existing safety net in the Texas counties. We rate his statement .
Statement: Pope Francis To Followers: 'Koran And Holy Bible Are The Same'
Speaker: usa snich
About the speaker: USA Snich is a website and aggregator.
Date: December 21, 2016
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Like USA Snich, the story appears word-for-word on a variety of websites that share  news, like CivicTribune.com and DailyNewsPosts.info . None of them are correct, because the original story is made up. While the initial source of this post identifies itself as a website full of fictional stories, USA Snich passes the story off as real. We rate this headline ! https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/ddf94001-e0a4-42de-9884-fd423ad09aa9
Statement: Housing prices dropped for the 30 months prior to Barack Obama taking office, "and they have stabilized, they've been about flat since the president came in.
Speaker: shaun donovan
About the speaker: Shaun Donovan was appointed by President Barack Obama in 2009 to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
Date: July 3, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;housing
Context: an interview on CNN's "State of the Union with Candy Crowley"
Fact-check justification: The statistics HUD offered support that conclusion, but those numbers require starting the clock in April 2009 (which conflicts with Donovan’s statement); using a factor that helps the administration’s case (namely, excluding distressed sales); and using a non-seasonally-adjusted figure when a seasonally adjusted figure is available. The reality is that there are a wide range of statistics one could use to analyze housing prices, each with advantages and shortcomings. Most of the statistics we looked at show that housing prices have continued to decline -- though at a slower rate -- since Obama took office, and the decline is especially clear over the last six months to a year. That is at odds with Donovan’s conclusion that they had stabilized and were "flat." On balance, we rate Donovan’s statement .
Statement: A law enforcement officer is more likely to commit a crime than a CWP (concealed weapons permit) holder.
Speaker: matt caldwell
About the speaker: Florida District 79 representative (Lehigh Acres). First elected in 2010.
Date: February 21, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: corrections and updates;guns
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Caldwell said that a law enforcement officer is more likely to commit a crime than a concealed weapon permit holder. That is based on shaky numbers. The article behind Caldwell’s statement treated the number of criminal cases involving officers as if it were equal to the number of officers themselves. According to the researcher that looked at those crimes by police, that "mangled" the crime rates of officers. A single officer could be named in many cases. On the flip side of the ledger, other researchers said that using permit revocations undercounts the number of crimes by permit holders. The analyst behind the Caldwell’s statement agreed that it is an imperfect measure. In short, the statement rests on dicey numbers. Those numbers point to the need for more research, but they don’t prove anything. We rate this  . Update: After this item published, we heard from John Lott and added his comments.
Statement: Each U.S. House member who voted to overhaul Social Security in 1983 was re-elected.
Speaker: saxby chambliss
About the speaker: Saxby Chambliss, a Republican, is a United States senator from Georgia
Date: April 23, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: bipartisanship;social security
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: But his overall point was correct -- most lawmakers who voted for changes to Social Security were re-elected. Nearly all of them. Our rating: . (By the way, readers are encouraged to comment on PolitiFact Georgia findings. They can do so by going to this site: www.facebook.com/politifact.georgia).
Statement: Milwaukee's problems include "52 percent black male unemployment.
Speaker: marvin pratt
About the speaker: Marvin Pratt served as a Milwaukee alderman from 1987 to 2004. Between 2000 and 2004, he also served as president of the Milwaukee Common Council. He was Milwaukee’s acting mayor from January 2004 until April 2004, when he was defeated in the mayoral election.
Date: November 2, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: In his effort to catalog Milwaukee’s woes, former Acting Mayor Marvin Pratt said the city’s unemployment rate among black males tops 50 percent. Pratt said he was relating the finding of a recent UWM study. But that study uses a broader "joblessness" measure than the conventional unemployment rate, and looks at the full metropolitan area, not just the city. As such, Pratt falls into a trap others have before him -- stating one measure as another. We rate the statement .
Statement: There are 63 million abortions a year in this country.
Speaker: jeanine pirro
About the speaker: Jeanine Pirro joined the Fox News Channel in 2006 and currently serves as a legal analyst as well as the host of "Justice with Judge Jeanine." She unsuccessfully ran for attorney general in New York in 2006 as a Republican.
Date: May 3, 2022
Location: national
Topics: abortion
Context: a segment on Fox News
Fact-check justification: On a May 2 Fox News segment, Pirro said, "there are 63 million abortions a year in this country." This  vastly overstates the number of abortions conducted in the U.S. each year. The Guttmacher Institute reported there were roughly 862,320 abortions in 2017. CDC puts the 2019 figure at around 629,898. Pirro appears to have inaccurately referenced an estimation made by the NRLC that 63 million abortions have been performed since the Roe v. Wade decision was handed down in 1973. We rate this  . RELATED: Fact-checking 5 claims in the leaked Supreme Court draft opinion on Roe v. Wade RELATED: What would state laws look like in a post-Roe world?
Statement: Says his administration put more border patrol agents on the U.S.-Mexico border than at "any time in history, and the flow of undocumented workers across the border is actually lower than it's been in 40 years.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 16, 2012
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: the second presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "We put more border patrol on the (U.S.-Mexico border than at) any time in history, and the flow of undocumented workers across the border is actually lower than it's been in 40 years." Obama is right about the numbers of Border Patrol agents and on the immigrant flows across the border. However, it’s a stretch for him to suggest that his administration is the primary reason for record numbers -- the growth began under Bush. And while law enforcement matters, so do economic conditions in both the United States and Mexico as well as crime on the Mexican side of the border. On balance, we rate Obama’s  .
Statement: Says the National Labor Relations Board told Boeing that it "can't build a factory in a non-union state.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 11, 2011
Location: national
Topics: labor;new hampshire 2012
Context: a Republican presidential primary debate
Fact-check justification: Romney claimed that the NLRB told Boeing that it  "can’t build a factory in a non-union state." This presents a sweeping distortion of the NLRB's actions that is not borne out by the facts.  An office at the NLRB has started a process that could, at the theoretical limit, result in a factory closure, but the NLRB as a whole hasn’t told Boeing anything. The office of the NLRB that moved the complaint forward could have asked for the factory to close while its complaint was pending, and it did not. The legal basis for the action centers on whether Boeing was trying to punish the union for being willing to call a strike, not that Boeing had opened a factory in a right-to-work state. Romney’s statement reflects reality in that a Democratic administration tends to give more weight to union complaints, and unions don’t like to see jobs flow to right-to-work states. But his words go far beyond what the NLRB has actually done. We rate his statement .
Statement: There was a recent attempt to assassinate Donald Trump in Reno, Nevada.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 27, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: A scuffle broke out as Trump supporters began pummeling him and attempted to rip the sign away. "  In the scuffle, someone shouted "gun!" Secret Service rushed Trump off the stage as a result, according to news reports .    Nevertheless, claims that Trump survived an assassination attempt in Reno persisted . We rate the  that there was a recent attempt to assassinate Trump in Reno, Nevada, .
Statement: Some politicians … want to put new taxes on a lot of groceries.
Speaker: americans against food taxes
About the speaker: Americans Against Food Taxes is a coalition of food, beverage and grocery companies that oppose taxes on sodas and other snacks.
Date: February 6, 2011
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a television commercial
Fact-check justification: Most state lawmakers were sworn in only a few weeks ago, so we can't predict how many states will consider soda-tax proposals this year. But already, legislators have introduced bills to impose or raise the tax on sodas and/or snack foods in Arizona, Connecticut, Hawaii, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Vermont and West Virginia, according to separate legislative tracking by the Center for Consumer Freedom, a pro-business advocacy group, and Yale University’s Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity . So while Congress has not been active on this proposal since it was dropped from the health care law, it's been proposed in many states. The ad is correct that "some politicians … want to put new taxes on a lot of groceries." We find the statement .
Statement: Disney stock is down more than 70% and attendance is down more than 55%! 10.1 million people canceled their Disney+ subscription.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 10, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The figures in the Facebook post closely resemble an article published on USA TATERS, a satirical website started by Christopher Blair .   The article also said the company’s CEO was "Joe Barron," a regular fixture of Blair’s satirical websites. In reality, Disney’s chief executive is Bob Chapek. The Facebook versions of the  did not include a disclaimer that it was satire. We rate this  .
Statement: The Confederate battle flag never flew over Texas, but... you might soon see it on our license plates.
Speaker: progress texas
About the speaker: On its website, Progress Texas describes itself as a "nonprofit communications hub that educates the public about politicians, policies and organizations that have a direct impact on the everyday lives of Texans." Its mission, according to the website, is "to provide a strong, credible and enduring progressive voice that will ensure more inclusive, just and sustainable policies for Texas."
Date: October 20, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: history
Context: an opinion column
Fact-check justification: The group’s statement reflects the unchallenged fact that the battle flag of the Army of Northern Virginia did not fly over the Texas Capitol. However, the image on the requested license plate looks a lot like the most noticeable feature of the second and third national flags of the Confederacy, which did fly over Texas. Also, a version of the flag of the Army of Northern Virginia was carried by Texans in a Texas battle. We rate the statement .
Statement: U.S. Rep. Carlos Curbelo voted for a health care bill that will let insurance companies "charge five times more for people over 50.
Speaker: save my care
About the speaker: Save My Care is a health care advocacy group that is fighting against the repeal of the Affordable Care Act.
Date: May 8, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: congress;health care
Context: a digital ad
Fact-check justification: The Save My Care ad says that Curbelo voted for a health care bill that will let insurance companies "charge five times more for people over 50." The ad refers to a provision that will allow insurance companies to charge adults five times more for insurance than younger people buying on the individual market. But the ad could leave a  impression that it’s five times more than the current situation -- and that’s not the case. Under the Affordable Care Act, insurers were allowed to charge this age group three times as much for insurance (which was considered a better deal than the situation before). Also, the increase in the ratio applies to Americans ages 50-64 -- not seniors who are on Medicare. We rate this  .
Statement: It turns out that Texas has an $18 billion budget shortfall and can't afford its new science textbooks.
Speaker: stephen colbert
About the speaker: Stephen Colbert is the host of CBS' The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. Previously, he worked for Comedy Central as host of The Colbert Report, and he also starred on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart.
Date: July 6, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: a segement on The Colbert Report
Fact-check justification: The science books were estimated to cost $347 million, in addition to $888 million necessary to cover already-approved English materials, continuing contracts and freight. "The state's looming budget deficit, estimated to be $18 billion in the next biennium," pushed the board's decision, according to TEA, and members instead decided to update the current textbooks with supplemental online material that covers the new science curriculum standards the board approved last year for science classes in fifth through eighth grade, plus biology, chemistry, physics and integrated physics and chemistry. What did we learn? Colbert cherry-picked the higher figure of the budget board's latest shortfall projection — $18 billion — but so did the education agency in explaining the education board's decision to delay buying new science textbooks. We rate his statement as .
Statement: Women (are) paid 77 cents on the dollar for doing the same work as men.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 21, 2012
Location: national
Topics: jobs;message machine 2012;women
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The Obama campaign took a legitimate statistic and described it in a way that makes it sound much more dramatic than it actually is. The 77-cent figure is real, but it does not factor in occupations held, hours worked or length of tenure. Describing that statistic as referring to the pay for women "doing the same work as men" earns it a rating of .