chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In 2017, ICE "arrested more than 127,000 illegal immigrants with criminal convictions or facing charges of breaking our nation's' laws," and removed nearly 5,000 gang members.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: July 19, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Pence also said nearly 5,000 gang members had been removed. ICE in fiscal year 2017 deported 5,396 gang members. ICE began tracking gang removals in fiscal year 2014, but does not track removals by specific gang affiliation . Pence’s numbers about ICE’s operations check out. So we rate his statement .
Statement: 90% of Americans do not support universal background checks.
Speaker: colion noir
About the speaker: Colion Noir, an alias used by Texas lawyer Collins Iyare Idehen Jr., is a gun rights advocate and a host on NRATV.
Date: March 12, 2021
Topics: civil rights;government regulation;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Noir claimed in a Facebook post that "90% of Americans do not support universal background checks." This contradicts numerous polls that show the opposite: The best available  is that support for universal background checks is at or near 90%. We rate the post .
Statement: Glenn Hegar promised to eliminate the property tax.
Speaker: mike collier
About the speaker: Collier, the 2018 Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor of Texas, was the party's 2014 nominee for state comptroller. He worked for 20 years as a top executive at PriceWaterhouseCoopers, an international accounting firm, and then became chief financial officer of a Texas oil company.
Date: March 18, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a campaign email blast
Fact-check justification: Collier said, "Glenn Hegar promised to eliminate the property tax." Hegar has said that as comptroller, he would "definitely" use a dynamic fiscal note to encourage the policy change, but he also has spoken about the difficulties of reaching an approach that wins legislative favor. We rate Collier’s statement as .
Statement: Obama has asked for $932-million in earmarks, literally $1-million for every day that he's been in Congress.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: September 16, 2008
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: Tampa
Fact-check justification: Since then, there have been about 930 working days, as they are defined by most people, Monday through Friday, excluding holidays, which would mean McCain is on solid ground in the mailer. Technically, Obama's been "in Congress" for more than 1,350 days, if you count weekends. So how many points do you take off for McCain not saying "every working day"? Not many. We say this  is .
Statement: If you look at last year's presidential campaign, "you can't find a mention of public option.
Speaker: joe lieberman
About the speaker: Joe Lieberman, a lawyer from Stamford, Conn., now in his fourth term in the U.S. Senate, is perhaps best known as the Democratic candidate for vice president in 2000. He lost the Democratic primary for Senate prior to the 2006 election but retained his seat after running on his own party line and beating the anti-war Democratic candidate Ned Lamont. He now calls himself an independent but continues to caucus with the Democrats. He is a friend and supporter of Sen. John McCain, and was one of his surrogates in the 2008 presidential race.
Date: November 19, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview with Politico
Fact-check justification: Major newspapers produced about 650 significant stories or op-eds on Obama and the public option in June, July and August. Lieberman was  that the public option was added after the election, but he makes a valid point that it wasn't emphasized or discussed much during the campaign. Lieberman said, "It's classic politics of our time that if you look at the campaign last year, presidential, you can't find a mention of public option." We found a few mentions, but the public option was not at all a significant point of debate during the presidential campaign. So we rate Lieberman's statement .
Statement: More than three-quarters of the oil is gone.
Speaker: carol browner
About the speaker: Carol Browner is the director of the White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy. She previously served as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency during the Clinton administration.
Date: August 4, 2010
Location: national
Topics: oil spill
Context: NBC's "Today Show."
Fact-check justification: Much of the estimate was based not on on hard data, but was calculated from formulas based on prior gulf spills that occurred in shallower water. As some scientists told us, Browner's estimate may be accurate, but they can't say for sure. In a progress report issued by Browner on Aug. 16, 2010, she was more cautious in her wording, saying, "the vast majority of the oil that spilled into the Gulf has evaporated, skimmed, burned off, been recovered from the wellhead or dispersed." That's more accurate than saying three quarter of the oil is "gone." We rate that characterization .
Statement: Says she's never said "don't build" Texas 45 Southwest.
Speaker: karen huber
About the speaker: Precinct 3 covers western and southwestern Travis County (click for map). Karen Huber was initially elected in 2008. She lost her bid for re-election in 2012.
Date: September 17, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: transportation
Context: an Austin American-Statesman news stor
Fact-check justification: Huber claimed that she’s never said "don’t build" Texas 45 Southwest. As far as we can tell, there’s no instance of Huber being so blunt. But her efforts to get the road pulled from the CAMPO plan and her stated desire not to proceed to construction without more information are  she doesn’t want the project built yet. These important details are not reflected in her statement, which we rate .
Statement: As a result of the House Republican bill, the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office now confirms that families will see their health care premiums reduced by up to 10 percent.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: November 5, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The overwhelming majority, 80 percent of people paying private premiums, are in the large market group. And for them, the CBO estimates the GOP plan would reduce premiums in 2016 by 0 to 3 percent. But Pence did say "up to," providing himself with some very broad wiggle room. And so we rate Pence's statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/a2bc5368-e052-449d-b9e1-d63c5904a6fb
Statement: Mitt Romney's father "U.S. Senator George Romney, was a liberal Republican who had ties to Saul Alinsky, yes, the same dude who wrote the book, Rules For Radicals and dedicated to Satan.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 6, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said Mitt Romney’s father "U.S. Senator George Romney, was a liberal Republican who had ties to Saul Alinsky, yes, the same dude who wrote the book, Rules For Radicals and dedicated to Satan." The elder Romney was the Michigan governor when he met with Alinsky after the 1967 Detroit riots. That’s not much of a tie. And as for Alinsky, he did not dedicate his book to Satan. What any of this has to do with Mitt Romney’s impeachment vote? You’re guess is as good as ours.   We rate this  .
Statement: During my administration, funding for education has increased by over $930 million.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: January 15, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Deal is a Republican, and both chambers of the Legislature are led by the GOP. It’s likely the budget will be adopted, but it is still a proposal at this point. Lt. Gov. Casey Cagle, the Senate president, praised Deal's proposal to pump more money into education, "rightfully our state's top priority," the AJC reported. The governor’s statement contains some elements of , but there is a good deal of context that must be considered here. We rate this statement as .
Statement: 3.8% of Wisconsin's coronavirus funding has been spent.
Speaker: bryan steil
About the speaker: Bryan Steil, R-Janesville was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2018. 
Date: July 30, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;health care;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: As Congress debates what the next federal relief package should look like, Steil claimed that "3.8% of Wisconsin’s coronavirus funding has been spent." A report from the U.S. Department of Treasury said Wisconsin spent or transferred 3.8% of its CARES Act funds from March 1 to June 30. But that figure doesn’t account for expenses the state already incurred or funds it has committed to other programs and response efforts. A statement is  when it’s partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context.  That fits here.
Statement: Says Ann Wagner's campaign "has taken millions of dollars from special interests, more than almost anyone else in Congress.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: October 23, 2020
Location: missouri
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a web ad
Fact-check justification: In an ad, the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee said, "Wagner’s campaign has taken millions of dollars from special interests, more than almost anyone else in Congress." We can break this  down into two parts: Wagner’s campaign has received millions of dollars from special interests. That amount received is more than almost anyone else in Congress. It’s  that Wagner’s campaign has received millions of dollars from corporate political action committees, more than the majority of elected representatives and senators. MapLight and the Center for Responsive Politics both confirm this. However, a significant number of senators and representatives have received more than Wagner from special interest groups, both in this election cycle and over the course of their respective political careers. For these reasons, we rate this  as .
Statement: A photo shows three men on crosses who "feel like they're being crucified by being required to stay at home.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 22, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Trumpism at its BEST," one commenter said. "We in a serious pandemic. "  "This is utterly  & so disrespectful," someone else said.   But it’s not  that they’re protesting pandemic-era policies.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says she is "entering in the most diverse class ever," of U.S. Representatives
Speaker: ann mclane kuster
About the speaker: Ann McLane Kuster was the Democratic nominee for Congress in the Second Congressional District of New Hampshire, narrowly losing by just 3,551 votes in 2010.
Kuster, an attorney, has not held elected office, but her parents did. Her mother, Susan McLane was a State Senator, and her father Malcolm served as Mayor of Concord, on the Executive Council, and ran for Governor as an Independent in 1972.
Kuster, of Hopkingtom, graduated from Dartmouth College in 1978, in the third class with women, and received her law degree from Georgetown University Law Center in 1984.
Date: November 11, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: congress;race and ethnicity
Fact-check justification: … There were a lot of milestones in this election." Looking forward, the next Congress also will see more Asian American and Pacific Islander members in Congress than ever before -- 13  in the House-- while Arab Americans retained at least four of their five House seats , as U.S. Rep. Charles Boustany of Louisiana, faces a December runoff election. Our ruling: The 113th Congress, like the ones before it, will go down as the most diverse class in history. The African Americans caucus have lost one seat, but voters elected more women than ever before (78), more Latinos (28) and more Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (13). We rate Kuster’s  .
Statement: Says Kamala Harris said only vaccinated people are hospitalized and dying from COVID-19.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 9, 2021
Location: michigan
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Harris also made similar statements in an interview with the Detroit Free Press the same day as her speech in the city.   "The bottom line is that the vaccine will save your life," she said. "I just go back to the same point and I will repeat it over and over again because it’s such an important fact: The people who are currently hospitalized from COVID-19, the vast majority are not vaccinated. Same for those who have died." We rate claims that Harris said only vaccinated people are hospitalized and dying !
Statement: Jacob S. Blake is a Child (16 YO Girl) Rapist.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 24, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Sex with a minor is not listed as one of the offenses included in the charge. The Facebook post includes a screenshot of another legal definition of third-degree sexual assault: sexual penetration with someone between the ages of 14 and 16. That definition comes from Rhode Island’s criminal code , which does not apply in Wisconsin. The post is . We rate it .
Statement: Says "union bosses" bused protesters to a Central Florida education protest.
Speaker: florida chamber of commerce
About the speaker: The Florida Chamber of Commerce is a business group that is supporting a series of proposed education reforms that would tie teacher pay increases to student performance.
Date: March 3, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: education;labor;state budget
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: The Florida Chamber of Commerce said government unions bused protesters to a series of Central Florida rallies on March 3. They didn't. This  is not only , based on the , but it plays on stereotypes of government unions to try to demonize union workers (in this case, teachers). The -O-Meter sees through the rhetoric. We rate it !
Statement: Thalidomide was FDA-approved for pregnant women in the 1960s.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 23, 2021
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;history;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post implicitly questioning the FDA’s approval of Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine showed a picture of disabled children and said, "Thalidomide was also FDA approved." The post gave the impression that the children in the image were harmed by an FDA-approved drug. The FDA reviewed an application for a thalidomide drug in the 1960s to treat morning sickness, but withheld approval amid concerns about the  of effectiveness and reports that it caused children of the mothers who took it to be born with disabilities. The application was withdrawn in 1962. The FDA approved thalidomide in 1998 for other conditions, but not for use by pregnant women. We rate the  .
Statement: The cost of "college education has gone up 1,200 percent since 1978.
Speaker: cormick lynch
About the speaker: Cormick Lynch made an unsuccessful run for U.S. Congress in the 1st District as a Republican in 2014. He grew up in South Kingstown, R.I., and enlisted in the U.S. Marines at age 19. He served in Iraq as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom. He subsequently worked as an East Providence firefighter and earned a bachelor's degree in finance from the University of Delaware. Until 2013, he worked as a private equity analyst with JP Morgan.
Date: August 3, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: children;debt;economy;education
Context: a debate on WPRI's Newsmakers
Fact-check justification: Cormick Lynch said the cost of "college education has gone up 1,200 percent since 1978." He should have made it clear that he wasn't adjusting for inflation. His statement is only close to  if the median household income had remained at $15,000 per year ( according to the U.S. Census Bureau ) and a loaf of bread was still 54 cents (as it was in 1978, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics ). If you adjust those tuition numbers for the rising cost of living, Lynch's percentage is six times too high. The statement is accurate in the sense that college cost have increased many times faster than the cost of other things we buy. But it fails to account for inflation -- an important omission -- that would put the comparison in context. We rate it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Vows to keep Georgia's race for governor "civil" and focused on the "positive.
Speaker: roy barnes and nathan deal
Date: October 28, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: message machine 2010
Context: statements to the press
Fact-check justification: But it also leads to an uninformed electorate, numbed by the endless attacks and counterattacks. Somewhere amid it all, the real issues confronting Georgia get lost. Smoke is rising from this gubernatorial battleground, and it long ago obscured both camps' vows to run a "civil" and "positive" campaign. The race has been about as uncivil and negative as they come. We give both the Deal and Barnes campaigns our lowest rating: .
Statement: Young veterans have a higher unemployment rate than people who didn't serve.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 6, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;military;veterans;workers
Context: a Twitter town hall
Fact-check justification: As post-9/11 veterans saw their unemployment rate hit 12.1 percent, veterans of the first Gulf War were seeing a 7 percent unemployment rate, veterans of World War II, Korea and Vietnam were seeing 7.4 percent unemployment and veterans from other periods saw a rate of 7.9. Each group’s rate was clearly lower than the 8.5 percent unemployment rate for non-veterans. Still, none of this undercuts Obama’s . If you interpret his remark -- that "young veterans have a higher unemployment rate than people who didn’t serve" -- to mean post-9/11 veterans, then the rates have indeed been significantly higher than for non-veterans over at least the last six months. We rate his statement .
Statement: The U.S. has "5 percent of the world's population, 25 percent of the world's known prison population.
Speaker: jim webb
About the speaker: Jim Webb is running for president of the United States in 2016.
Webb, a Democrat, served as a U.S. senator from Virginia in 2007-13. He served as the first Assistant Secreatry of Defense for Reserve Affairs and Secretary of the Navy in the Ronald Reagan administration.
Webb is a 1968 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and served as a Marine Corps infantry officer until 1972 and saw action in the Vietnam War, for which he was awarded the Navy Cross, Silver Star, two Bronze Stars and two Purple Hearts.
Webb was born in Saint Joseph, Mo. He also has a law degree from Georgetown Law Center, Washington, D.C. He has written fiction and nonfictions books and won an Emmy award for his 1983 PBS coverage of the U.S. Marines in Beirut. He frequently writes opinion columns for many publications.
Date: December 3, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a conference
Fact-check justification: Webb says the U.S. has 5 percent of the world’s population but 25 percent of the world’s  "known prison population." His numbers are a bit off. The U.S. has 4.4 percent of the world’s population and 22 percent of its prisoners. But we won’t quibble. Webb’s central point holds up: That, when measured in global percentages, the United States’ prison population is five times greater than its general population. We rate Webb’s statement .