chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: (Bill) Ayers and Obama ran a radical education foundation together.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: October 9, 2008
Location: national
Topics: patriotism
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: This attack is , but it's more than that – it's malicious. It unfairly tars not just Obama, but all the other prominent, well-respected Chicagoans who also volunteered their time to the foundation. They came from all walks of life and all political backgrounds, and there's ample  their mission was nothing more than improving ailing public schools in Chicago. Yet in the heat of a political campaign they have been accused of financing radicalism. That's  .
Statement: Says Bernie Sanders "only had 3,444 votes" in Nevada.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 23, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But even if that’s where this post drew its data, the figure is still . In the end, Sanders had 6,788 county convention delegates and 24 pledged national delegates.   To secure the Democratic Party’s nomination for president, Sanders (or another candidate) will need 1,991 national delegates . As of March 5, Sanders had 459, Biden had 513 and U.S. Rep. Tulsi Gabbard had two.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Said, "The Seven Years' War led to near bankruptcy for many countries; Britain's need to raise taxes fueled the American desire for independence.
Speaker: kelly e. hastings
About the speaker: Kelly Hastings is a Republican member of the North Carolina House of Representatives. He was first elected in 2010.
Date: June 30, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: history;state budget;taxes
Context: On twitter
Fact-check justification: Hastings is correct that the Seven Years’ War caused multiple countries, including Great Britain, to plunge into debt. In order to pay it off, Great Britain taxed the American colonies. Hastings said revolution was "fueled" by this taxation. This is , but it does miss some key context because the colonies’ lack of representation was just as important as the excess of taxation. Because they were not represented in Parliament and thus taxed without any input, the colonists felt like second-class citizens and started their battle for equality that ultimately resulted in independence. Therefore, we rate this statement . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] .
Statement: Trump re-signed 1952 law "making Muslamic law illegal
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 17, 2020
Topics: islam;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The photo was featured by many news sites at the time. The story, which lampoons aspects of Islam, is also  and was copied from a satire site. The Facebook link sends you to a website called Live Free or Die, but the text  originated on a satirical website called BustaTroll, part of a network of -news sites run by Christopher Blair, who has told PolitiFact that his goal is to "mess with conservatives." RELATED: If you're fooled by  news, this man probably wrote it The original site has a warning that "everything on this website is fiction," but the story has been copied on blogs that don’t make that distinction.   We rate this !
Statement: We went from $160 billion deficit spending in (President George W.) Bush's last year to $1.6 trillion the following year.
Speaker: louie gohmert
About the speaker: Louie Gohmert, a U.S. House member since 2005, is a former chief justice of the Texas 12th Court of Appeals and Smith County state district judge. He lives in Tyler.
Date: October 15, 2013
Location: national
Topics: debt;deficit;economy;federal budget
Context: an interview with Fox News
Fact-check justification: Gohmert said, "We went from $160 billion deficit spending in (President George W.) Bush's last year to $1.6 trillion the following year." It’s  that the deficit did go up significantly between the end of Bush’s presidency and Obama’s, but Gohmert erred in most of the key numbers of his talking point, and he oversimplified the question of which president is at fault for the rising deficits. We rate the  .
Statement: UPS left 15,000 employees' spouses "without health insurance" and told them to, "go on an exchange with no employer subsidy.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: September 24, 2013
Location: national
Topics: families;health care
Context: a Senate floor speech
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that by dropping spousal health insurance for 15,000 employees, UPS left employees’ spouses "without health insurance" and told them to, "go on an exchange with no employer subsidy." But Cruz ignores that the only spouses being kicked off the UPS plan would be the ones who already had access to an employer-sponsored plan in their own job. This means they wouldn’t be "without health insurance" and wouldn’t have to find coverage on an Obamacare marketplace. We rate the  .
Statement: About 1 in 10 public school teachers in Wisconsin would have been laid off without federal stimulus funds.
Speaker: jim doyle
About the speaker: Jim Doyle, a Democrat, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was elected to the post in 2002, after serving as the state's attorney general, and was re-elected in 2006. He did not seek a third term in 2010 and went to work for a Milwaukee-based law firm.
Date: October 15, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;stimulus
Context: an interview with the BBC NewsHour
Fact-check justification: "When you look at $800 million in aid to schools, it’s pretty hard to imagine those types of reductions that would not result in larger class sizes and less teachers in schools," he said. But we’re left with the numbers, and how Doyle used them in the BBC interview. To illustrate his point about the benefit of stimulus funding, Doyle argues that 1 in 10 public school teachers -- out of some 60,000 in the state -- would be out of work without the stimulus money. But his math is based on an assumption that teachers would have been targeted at the same proportion as support staff and ignores the practical realities of how the money came in during two budget years, which means some of the jobs may have been saved twice. We rate Doyle’s statement .
Statement: Says HHS Secretary Alex Azar called family separations at the border and detention of children in cages "one of the great acts of American generosity and charity" and "is now in charge.
Speaker: equity forward
About the speaker: Equity Forward describes itself as a watchdog of anti-reproductive health groups and individuals.
 
 
Date: July 23, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: An Equity Forward ad says Azar called family separations at the border and detention of children in cages "one of the great acts of American generosity and charity" and "is now in charge." Azar made that comment in reference to the care provided at facilities. He wasn’t saying that specifically about the "zero-tolerance" immigration policy or family separations. Equity Forward told PolitiFact the point of its ad was to highlight shortcomings in the policy’s implementation and issues at some facilities, and the fact that some facilities are tents. Yet the ad said children were in cages and insinuated that Azar was in charge of the separations and the treatment of children. Azar does lead the department that has custody over the children, but the separations are a result of prosecution referrals from Homeland Security to the Justice Department. The ad contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . ​
Statement: Says Donald Trump and Marco Rubio opposed Cruz's "efforts to defund Planned Parenthood.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: November 21, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: abortion;federal budget
Context: Iowa
Fact-check justification: Dobson said in Cruz’s ad that Trump and Rubio opposed Cruz’s "efforts to defund Planned Parenthood." In the narrowest way, you could say Rubio opposed Cruz’s efforts to defund Planned Parenthood by expressing misgivings about holding the government hostage to funding of a particular organization. But that's also . Rubio, like Cruz, otherwise repeatedly voted to defund. Trump, meantime, expressed support at the time for Cruz’s efforts. He later reversed course on that but he's been clear lately about wishing to defund so long as the group provides abortions. We rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Trade agreements like NAFTA and permanent normal trade relations with China, which forced American workers to compete against people making pennies an hour, has resulted in the loss of 160,000 jobs here in Michigan.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: March 8, 2020
Location: national
Topics: jobs;trade
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that NAFTA and normalized trade with China cost Michigan 160,000 jobs. The studies he cited produced nearly that result. While precision is challenging, one economist said if anything, those studies underestimate the job loss due to trade. We found four studies that concluded that both trade agreements hurt the manufacturing sector in Midwest states like Michigan. We rate this  .
Statement: Crimea became part of Ukraine only in 1954. Crimea was historically part of Russia, and (Nikita) Khrushchev gave it to Ukraine in a gesture that mystified some people.
Speaker: david ignatius
About the speaker: David Ignatius is a columnist for the Washington Post.
Date: March 2, 2014
Topics: corrections and updates;history;foreign policy;military;punditfact
Context: comments on CBS' "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: Ignatius said Crimea belonged to Russia until 1954, when Khrushchev gave the land to Ukraine, then a Soviet republic. Ignatius’ history lesson explains why Russians remain so intertwined with Crimea and why some Americans are worried that Russians will try to annex the peninsula. We rate Ignatius’ statement . Correction: About 60 percent of people living in Crimea identify themselves as Russian. An earlier version of this story described the statistic differently. This post was updated at 1 p.m. March 3, 2014.
Statement: There's never been a direct Supreme Court case on people who were here illegally, whether or not their kids are citizens.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: September 16, 2015
Location: national
Topics: immigration;legal issues
Context: a presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Paul said "there's never been a direct Supreme Court case on people who were here illegally, whether or not their kids are citizens." Paul is right that the landmark Supreme Court case on this issue didn’t address the specific example of a child born to undocumented immigrants. But he ignores the sweeping language in support of birthright citizenship in the Wong Kim Ark ruling, the fact that the ruling continues to stand more than a century later, and the longstanding practice of granting citizenship to children of undocumented immigrants. His statement is accurate but needs additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: Says indoor workers get "less UV than outdoor workers, but they get more melanomas.
Speaker: joseph levy
About the speaker: Joseph Levy is executive director of the International Smart Tan Network.
Date: February 25, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: children;health care;government regulation;public health
Context: a legislative hearing
Fact-check justification: The ruling: Levy is using the finding -- that indoor workers have higher rates of melanoma than outdoor workers -- to try to derail legislation that would make tanning beds off-limits to teenagers, who have more susceptible skin. His statement contains an element of , but ignores critical facts. The theory for the element of  is that indoor workers have higher rates of melanoma than outdoor workers because of the way they are exposed to sun, and to types of sun rays. We find that’s information that would make readers think twice about tanning beds as benign. We rate the statement .
Statement: Since the passage of Proposition 47 by voters in 2014 and the signing of AB 109 in 2011, violent crime has been on the rise in California, up 12 percent in 2015 statewide according to the FBI.
Speaker: jeff stone
About the speaker: California State Sen. Jeff Stone is a Republican who represents Senate District 28, which includes much of Riverside County. 
Date: February 21, 2017
Location: california
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: California State Sen. Jeff Stone, R-Riverside County, recently claimed that "Since the passage of Proposition 47 by voters in 2014 and the signing of AB 109 in 2011, violent crime has been on the rise in California, up 12 percent in 2015 statewide according to the FBI." Stone is correct when looking at the overall violent crime rate. From 2011 to 2015, there was a 3.1 percent increase statewide in the rate of violent crimes, a category that includes homicides, rapes, robberies and aggravated assaults. Stone’s  might give some the impression there’s been a consistent rise in crime during these years, which is not the case. The violent crime rate ratcheted up in 2012 and 2015, but went down in the other years. Also, the lawmaker’s  that violent crime spiked 12 percent in 2015 is not correct; that figure comes from an FBI report that studies only the first six months of the year and only large cities. A full year, statewide report showed the violent crime rate increased 8.4 percent that year. In the end, we determined Stone’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details and takes things out of context. We rate it .   – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context.
Statement: We work longer hours than any people in the industrialized world, including the Japanese.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: February 23, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: workers
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "We work longer hours than any people in the industrialized world, including the Japanese." No doubt, American workers put in more hours than their cohorts in most of the roughly three dozen industrialized nations. But Sanders goes too far in putting the U.S. as No. 1. Depending on whose list of developed nations you use, there are at least five, and as many as nine, countries with workers spending more time on the job than those in the U.S. We rate Sanders’ statement . Editors Note: The original version of this story listed an  figure for how many fewer hours Japanese employees worked compared to Americans in 2014.
Statement: The CDC finally admits its COVID-19 test can't tell the difference between the virus and the flu
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: January 29, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claims that the CDC is withdrawing its COVID-19 test and admitted that it’s because the test can’t tell the difference between the flu and the coronavirus. But that’s not what happened. The CDC said in July it would withdraw from FDA consideration its emergency use authorization request for its 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel because it was designed specifically to detect only COVID-19.  But the CDC said it was because it wanted laboratories to use newer FDA-authorized tests that could already detect the flu as well as COVID-19, in order to save time. The clarification made clear that the initial test only detected COVID-19, not the flu. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "was a Democrat longer in the last decade than he was a Republican.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: August 19, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a New Hampshire town hall discussion
Fact-check justification: Bush said Trump "was a Democrat longer in the last decade than he was a Republican." The Bush campaign said he meant 2000 to 2010, during which Trump was a Democrat for a bit over nine years. Trump had largely been a Republican in the years prior to that. If that’s what Bush meant, he phrased his statement poorly. When we reviewed Trump’s voter registration in the 10 years leading up to the present, from 2005 to 2015, we found that he has been a Republican for more than five years. He was a registered Democrat for not quite four years in that time frame. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Says Planned Parenthood founder Margaret Sanger said, "Slav, Latin and Hebrew immigrants are human weeds . . . a deadweight of human waste. Blacks, soldiers and Jews are a menace to race.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 24, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An image circulating on social media claims Sanger said, "Slav, Latin and Hebrew immigrants are human weeds...a deadweight of human waste. Blacks, soldiers and Jews are a menace to race," in 1922. The closest quotation we could find was from a 1923, not 1922, New York Times article, and it doesn’t even come close to the phrase in the meme. Margaret Sanger did leave behind a complicated legacy and, at times, said some outlandish things – but she never said this. This is !
Statement: Cal Cunningham has been silent on this on defunding the police; I assume his silence is consent.
Speaker: thom tillis
About the speaker: Thom Tillis is a Republican who serves as U.S. Senator from North Carolina.
Date: July 30, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: crime
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Tillis said "Cal Cunningham has been silent on this on defunding the police; I assume his silence is consent." Cunningham has not been silent on the issue. He published an op-ed in June, saying "Twenty-first century policing reform will require increased investment in law enforcement, not defunding it." The Tillis campaign says the senator meant something else. But PolitiFact judges people on what they say, and Tillis’  on Webb’s show is . So we rate this  .