chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Number of Americans killed by terrorism in the last decade: 24. Number of Americans killed by guns in the last decade: 280,024.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 1, 2015
Location: national
Topics: terrorism;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral image says the number of Americans killed by terrorism in the last decade is 24, while the number of Americans killed by guns in the last decade is 280,024. NowThis, the creators of the image, told us they only counted lives lost to domestic jihadist attacks, though the image doesn’t specify that. If we look at deaths due to all extremist attacks on U.S. soil, the number goes up to 71. A more accurate count for gun deaths between 2005 and 2015 is 301,797. Though the image’s numbers are slightly off, that doesn’t undercut the point: guns have claimed many more lives than terrorist attacks. We rate the  .
Statement: Mitt Romney is the first Massachusetts politician to run for president and not win the New Hampshire primary in a generation.
Speaker: new hampshire democratic party
About the speaker: The New Hampshire Democratic Party is the Granite State's branch of the Democratic National Committee.
Date: June 27, 2011
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;elections;new hampshire 2012
Context: a call with reporters
Fact-check justification: Buckley said Romney was the first candidate to lose "in a generation." Buckley is right if you rely on the shorter time period of 20 or 25 years, but he is off if you rely on the 30-year standard. Even so, he wouldn't be that far off, and his underlying point is correct that Romney's 2008 loss was unusual by historical standards. So we find his  .
Statement: I have never supported cap and trade.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: January 28, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;cap and trade
Context: Iowa on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Rubio said, "I have never supported cap and trade." As House speaker in Florida, Rubio did preside over the unanimous passage of an energy bill that allowed the state to develop a cap-and-trade plan for electric utility emissions. But it appears his comments on the bill have been taken out of context, and that there may have been some legislative craftiness afoot. Rubio said he wanted Florida to cook up a plan of its own before federal regulations were imposed on the state. He also voiced opposition to government mandates and inserted a roadblock to letting any plan actually be implemented, details that get left out when Rubio is accused of supporting the measure. He now is much more vocal in his opposition of cap and trade, but it looks as if he has always favored a largely hands-off approach from government. We rate Rubio’s statement .
Statement: Barack Obama has "provided guns to Mexican drug cartels.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: June 7, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: drugs;legal issues;guns
Context: Fort Worth
Fact-check justification: Fast and Furious, intended to send guns to Mexican drug cartels toward building cases against key figures, took place on Obama’s watch. However, unlike the other results bemoaned by Perry at the convention -- growth in the federal debt and the passage of Obamacare and the stimulus -- we see no indication Obama had an influential role in the border operation. That is, there is no sign that Obama either initiated or approved the deliberate flow of guns to cartels. We rate Perry's  as .
Statement: This census is also the shortest and least intrusive count in modern history.
Speaker: patrick mchenry
About the speaker: Patrick McHenry is a U.S. representative from North Carolina.
Date: March 29, 2010
Location: national
Topics: census
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: We think McHenry can make a credible  that this year's census is the shortest and least intrusive count in modern history. We'll dock him a bit because the short form of the 2000 census was technically shorter, with eight questions rather than 10. But in 2000, one in six got a long form census, which was much longer. And this year, everyone will get the 10-question form. We rate McHenry's  .
Statement: We spend more on our military than the next eight nations combined.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 12, 2016
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: his 2016 State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "We spend more on our military than the next eight nations combined." Obama’s statement is accurate by one measure, while another measure says the United States spends more than the next seven countries combined. So depending on the data set you use, he’s either right or close. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Donald Trump's been completely consistent" about his plan for nonviolent undocumented immigrants.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: September 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration;candidate biography
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Pence said, "Donald Trump’s been completely consistent" about his plan for nonviolent undocumented immigrants. Trump has been consistently vague about his policies for undocumented immigrants who live in the United States and largely obey the law. He’s advocated for mass deportations and then rejected mass deportations before saying there’s a "very good chance" they would happen. He’s said "you have to give them a path" but rejected "amnesty" and then said legal status could be granted to those who leave the country first and apply for reentry. We rate Pence’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/920df435-5269-4917-b4c1-4299ceef0a7c
Statement: We know how to stop AIDS: persuade men not to have sex with men.
Speaker: bryan fischer
About the speaker: Bryan Fischer is the host of the daily 'Focal Point' radio talk program on American Family Radio
Date: July 18, 2014
Topics: health care;lgbtq;punditfact
Context: his "Focal Point" radio show
Fact-check justification: Fischer said, "We know how to stop AIDS: persuade men not to have sex with men." Though men who have sex with men are at the highest risk of contracting HIV/AIDS in America, this is not a serious solution to ending a pandemic disease. Not in the United States, and certainly not worldwide. Women, children, and men who don’t have sex with men are also at risk, and women make up about half of people worldwide who have HIV/AIDS. Fischer’s  is . It rates .
Statement: We just had the best year for the auto industry in America in history.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: May 16, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: remarks at a Kentucky rally
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "We just had the best year for the auto industry in America in history." With sales figures that exceed the pre-recession high, 2015 was a great year for the auto industry, including American manufacturers. This high point should be taken with a grain of salt because it might mask long-term issues with American manufacturers, especially given foreign manufacturers’ growing market share. Clinton’s statement is nearly accurate but requires that extra bit of context, so we rate it .
Statement: The University of Missouri saw "the biggest drop in enrollment of any major university in the country" since the 2015 protests.
Speaker: eric greitens
About the speaker: Eric Greitens, a combat veteran who served in Afghanistan and Iraq, founded The Mission Continues, a Missouri-based non-profit that helps returning veterans. He won his race for Missouri governor as a Republican in 2016. He resigned on May 29, 2018 after he was charged with felony computer tampering and faced allegations related to an extramarital affair.
Date: August 23, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: education
Context: a Facebook live video
Fact-check justification: Greitens said, "I believe that this is the biggest drop in enrollment of any major university in the country."   MU has undoubtedly experienced a drop in overall enrollment since protests that took place two years ago. However, MU’s overall enrollment decline did not top other universities like Miami-Dade College or the four-year University of Akron. As far as freshman enrollment, numbers for 2016-17 have not yet been made available, so there is no way to tell if MU experienced the biggest drop in enrollment. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  .
Statement: Greece is not a big economy. It's about the size of metropolitan Miami.
Speaker: paul krugman
About the speaker: Paul Krugman is a columnist for the New York Times and professor of Economics and International Affairs at Princeton University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2008. He describes himself as liberal.
Date: July 5, 2015
Topics: economy;foreign policy;punditfact
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week with George Stephanopoulos"
Fact-check justification: Krugman said that the economy of Greece is about a big as that of the Miami metropolitan area. Based on a common measure of Gross Domestic Product, that is accurate. The GDP of Greece was about $282 billion in 2013, and the Miami metro area had a GDP of $281 billion. We rate the  .
Statement: Starbucks CEO Has Admitted She Doesnt Like White People
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 9, 2020
Topics: corporations;race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post claims that Starbucks’ CEO has "admitted" to disliking white people, basing its  on a CNN interview with Brewer.  In the interview cited, Brewer talks about how she encourages hiring women and minorities for executive roles. She does not say anything about disliking white people. And in reality, she is the chief operating officer, not CEO.  We rate this post .
Statement: Says "John Loughlin voted to let people accused of domestic violence keep their guns.
Speaker: david cicilline
About the speaker: David Cicilline was elected to the 1st Congressional District in 2010. Before that, he was mayor of Providence, beginning in January, 2003. A Brown University graduate, he received his law degree from Georgetown University Law Center.
Date: October 19, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: criminal justice;voting record;guns
Context: a campaign radio advertisement
Fact-check justification: But he is correct to suggest that if Loughlin's side had prevailed, those subject to domestic violence restraining orders would be allowed to keep their guns. We asked Loughlin's campaign manager to explain why he voted against the 2005 bill. Her answer: "John is a supporter of the Second Amendment and he voted against this bill because it was too broad and he was concerned that there was no distinction made between handguns and antique collectibles or family heirlooms." That may be , but it doesn't change the accuracy of Cicilline's statement. We rate it .
Statement: @Mark Warner and his party bosses are calling to defund the police...
Speaker: daniel gade
About the speaker: Daniel Gade is Virginia's 2020 Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate. He is challenging Democrat Mark Warner, a two-term incumbent. It's his first run for public office.
Gade is a retired U.S. Army lieutenant colonel who had his right leg amputated after sustaining combat wounds in Iraq. He is a professor at American University's School of Public Affairs in Washington D.C.
Gade was born and reared in Minot, N.D. and received a B.S. degree from the United States Military Academy. He earned a Masters degree and a Ph.D. in public policy and administration from the University of Georgia.
 
Date: July 22, 2020
Topics: criminal justice;public safety
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: On July 22, Gade said Warner is "calling to defund the police." He repeated the  two days later. Warner, at least a month before Gade’s statements, said he is opposed to defunding police. The senator staked out his position in virtual town hall meetings, TV reports, and on his campaign website. The statements can be easily found, clear as day. We rate Gade’s  .
Statement: Regarding Trump's January 2021 telephone call with Georgia election officials, "nobody found anything wrong with that perfect call until a book promotion tour many months later.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 4, 2023
Location: georgia
Topics: national;elections
Context: remarks at Mar-a-Lago
Fact-check justification: While speaking about his Jan. 2, 2021, telephone call with Georgia election officials, Trump said, "Nobody found anything  with that perfect call until a book promotion tour many months later."  "Nobody" is a  overstatement. Many politicians criticized Trump’s phone call in the days after the transcript and audio was published. Willis, the Fulton County prosecutor, on Jan. 4, 2021, denounced the phone call as disturbing and said some government office would investigate. On Feb. 10, 2021, Willis informed state officials that she was investigating.  If Trump was referring to the fall 2021 publication of Raffensperger’s book as the moment scrutiny of the call started, he’s also off base. By then, the Fulton County investigation was well underway and loads of officials had found a lot  with Trump’s phone call. That phone call may be "perfect" in Trump’s eyes, but we call his take on it something else: ! RELATED : Fact-checking Trump’s post-indictment speech at Mar-a-Lag o RELATED : Donald Trump indictment: A roundup of PolitiFact’s fact-checks, stories and explainers
Statement: Kanye (West) looks and he sees black unemployment at the lowest it's been in the history of our country. He sees Hispanic unemployment at the lowest it's been in the history of our country. He sees (women's unemployment) the lowest it's been in now almost 19 years.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 26, 2018
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;race and ethnicity;women
Context: an interview on "Fox & Friends"
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Kanye looks and he sees black unemployment at the lowest it’s been in the history of our country. He sees Hispanic unemployment at the lowest it’s been in the history of our country. He sees (women’s unemployment) the lowest it’s been in now almost 19 years." The unemployment rates for African-Americans and Hispanics have hit all-time lows in recent months on Trump’s watch, and the rate for women was recently the lowest it’s been in more than 18 years. But it’s worth remembering that,to the extent that presidents deserve any credit for economic conditions on their watch, the heavy lifting in getting rates that low occurred before Trump became president. We rate the statement .
Statement: Wisconsin Legislature "Will Likely Decertify State and Award to President Trump.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 4, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;states
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Gateway Pundit, a regular purveyor of disinformation, says Wisconsin is introducing a resolution to decertify the state’s election results and award its Electoral College votes to Trump. The article conveniently includes the text of the bill, allowing readers to see for themselves this  is 100% fabricated. The bill simply says the Legislature would prioritize legislation addressing election laws. It says nothing remotely related to decertification or awarding the state to Trump. And in any case, the state’s electoral votes were already cast for Biden weeks ago. This is disinformation in its most transparent form. We rate this !
Statement: Ninety pounds of cocaine was found on a boat owned by Mitch McConnell's family and that they are "financing his Senate campaigns with their cocaine drug profits.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 9, 2016
Topics: drugs;facebook fact-checks
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: In 2014, cocaine was discovered on one of the cargo ships owned by McConnell’s family.  But the story  the seizure and McConnel’s connection. It speculates that, because officials found cocaine on the carrier, the company owned by McConnell’s father-in-law smuggles drugs internationally and uses the money to fund McConnell’s political pursuits. There’s no  to support this.  No one was charged in the seizure — not the crew, Foremost Group, the Chaos or McConnell. We rate this .
Statement: When Congress sought documents from President Barack Obama, the White House "didn't do anything. They didn't give one letter of the request. Many requests were made. They didn't give a letter.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 5, 2019
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: remarks at the White House
Fact-check justification: Trump said that when Congress sought documents from Obama, the White House "didn’t do anything. They didn’t give one letter of the request. Many requests were made. They didn’t give a letter." That’s not what happened. The Obama administration gave hundreds of thousands of documents to Congress in at least four investigations. For a fraction of those documents, the administration went to court to try to head off the request, but courts generally sided with Congress, and the documents were ultimately handed over. Experts say the scenario is typical of the longstanding skirmishing between the executive and legislative branches. The documents handed over were  those of executive branch agencies, rather than the White House. In large part, that’s because questions never arose about Obama’s personal finances. Trump's  is — so we rate it !
Statement: Regulations have quadrupled. The rate of regulations quadrupled under this president.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 16, 2012
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;regulation
Context: town hall presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Romney said that regulations and the rate of regulations quadrupled under Obama. He was basing that on the Heritage study, but he did not include important caveats about how the study was conducted. And more importantly, the actual data on regulations show Obama's rate of regulations is no different from the past 18 years. This is a broad  describing its own  inaccurately. . UPDATE: We've updated this item with a fuller description of OMB Watch.