chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Ron Johnson and 36 other senators "voted for federal agencies to have access to your internet history without obtaining a warrant.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 14, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: homeland security;privacy issues
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral Facebook post names 37 senators it says voted to allow "access to your internet history without obtaining a warrant." There was indeed a vote against requiring warrants, but the fundamental implication in this post is that it enabled widespread and unrestricted access to Americans’ web activity. And that’s not accurate. This data can only be obtained for an American after approval from a federal court, and only if it is related to a counterterrorism and counterintelligence investigation. And this authority is nothing new — this power relative to foreign intelligence was granted almost 20 years ago under the Patriot Act. And similar data is accessible without a warrant in standard criminal investigations as well. So we’re left with an element of , but a  that ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That’s our definition of .
Statement: If I don't take the vaccine, I'm at risk for covid. If I do take the vaccine, I'm still at risk for covid PLUS I'm at risk for permanent vaccine side effects. Therefore I'm reducing my risk by not taking the vaccine. That's the real science.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 25, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A widely shared Instagram post stated: "If I don’t take the vaccine, I’m at risk for covid. If I do take the vaccine, I’m still at risk for covid PLUS I’m at risk for permanent vaccine side effects. Therefore I’m reducing my risk by not taking the vaccine. That’s the real science." Science shows that the three COVID-19 vaccines authorized in the U.S. reduce the likelihood of infection by 66% to 95% — and make it less likely that you’ll get seriously ill if you do contract COVID-19 after being vaccinated. There is no  the vaccines cause permanent side effects. We rate the post .
Statement: Says that Wall Street hedge fund managers "pay a lower tax rate than does a sheet metal worker in Parma or a school teacher in Cleveland.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: August 2, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: income;taxes
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: According to the most recent figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, in May 2010, the average salary for a sheet metal worker in the Cleveland area, spanning Elyria to Mentor, is $47,200. According to a May 2010 survey by The Plain Dealer, using information from the Ohio Department of Education, the average teacher salary in Cleveland is $65,575. Using the federal income tax rate schedule, both single individuals and heads of households at those income levels would fall in the tax bracket of 25 percent. That 25 percent is higher than the capital gains rate of 15 percent that the carried interest tax loophole allows hedge fund managers to pay on their income. On the -O-Meter, that gives Brown's statement a rating of .
Statement: All the Democrats on the entire stage — every Democratic candidate said they want to give free health care to illegals.
Speaker: joe gruters
About the speaker: State Sen. Joe Gruters is chairman of the Republican Party of Florida. He was elected to the Florida Senate in 2018 to represent the Sarasota area and previously served in the House of Representatives. Gruters is a certified public accountant.
Date: November 6, 2019
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;health care
Context: a Tampa Bay Times forum
Fact-check justification: Gruters said, "All the Democrats on the entire stage — every Democratic candidate said they want to give free health care to illegals." The question from the debate moderator did not specify if coverage for undocumented immigrants would be free. Two candidates who elaborated on their responses — Biden and Buttigieg — said these immigrants would be eligible to buy into their system. We rate this statement .
Statement: Sixty percent of Americans now support legalizing marijuana.
Speaker: gary johnson
About the speaker: Gary Johnson is the Libertarian nominee for president in 2016. He was also the party's nominee in 2012. He previously served as governor of New Mexico as a Republican.
Date: September 4, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: legal issues;polls and public opinion;states;marijuana
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: The results: 59 percent agreed, 39 percent disagreed.    Our rating Johnson said: "Sixty percent of Americans now support legalizing marijuana." A March 2016 poll found 61 percent support, but that is the only recent survey we could find showing support that high. Fourteen other polls going back more than two years show a majority of Americans back legalization, but generally support was in the low 50s. We rate Johnson’s statement .
Statement: About half of the presidents have been governors; half of them, senators.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: April 18, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: congress;corrections and updates;elections;history;states
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Cruz said about half of the presidents have been governors; half of them, senators. Governors have had a good run of late and, over all, comprise 42 percent of all presidents with 37 percent being former senators. Perhaps overlooked by Cruz; 14 presidents were neither. We rate his "about" 50-50  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. UPDATE, 5:07 p.m., April 28, 2015: We amended the headline and closing line of this fact check to clarify we were checking precisely what Cruz said. These changes did not affect our rating.
Statement: An 11-year-old girl was investigated by the FBI and had to pay a $500 federal criminal fine "because she found an injured woodpecker and put it in a cage to make sure that the bird was OK.
Speaker: jim sensenbrenner
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner, R-Wis., has served in Congress since 1979. He represents a district covering Milwaukee suburbs.
Date: May 9, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: animals;criminal justice;government regulation
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: But no fine was ever paid. The Fish and Wildlife Service issued an apology , saying the citation had been processed "unintentionally" and should never have been issued. Our rating Arguing that the federal criminal code should be downsized, Sensenbrenner said an 11-year-old girl was investigated by the FBI and had to pay a $500 federal criminal fine "because she found an injured woodpecker and put it in a cage to make sure that the bird was OK." The FBI didn’t investigate the girl, the citation issued was withdrawn and no fine was paid. We rate Sensenbrenner's statement .
Statement: Says a man opted out of Obamacare after the marketplace launched on Oct. 1, 2013, and was informed he owed a $4,000 fine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 1, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: viral posts on the Internet
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post tells the story of a man who says he opted out of Obamacare soon after the marketplace was launched on Oct. 1, 2013, and was informed that he owed a fine of more than $4,000. The post includes many elements that make no sense or are flat-out  -- and can be easily debunked by reading the law or reliable summaries of it. We rate it .
Statement: The Georgia High School Association started issuing a "sudden cardiac arrest awareness form" in the wake of COVID-19 vaccines.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 25, 2023
Location: georgia
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Athletes and guardians must sign the form, which is then kept on file at their respective schools.   The law is named for Nelson, a Georgia middle school student who died after collapsing on the basketball court in 2013, and Blakely, a former high school football player in Georgia who died of sudden cardiac arrest in 2017 after football practice at Stetson University in Florida, WXIA-TV in Atlanta reported .   The  notion of people "dying suddenly" from the COVID-19 vaccines has been fact-checked by PolitiFact and other newsrooms for many months. The form currently circulating on social media is not new and predates the COVID-19 pandemic. We rate claims that it’s being used in response to COVID-19 vaccines .
Statement: Says Donald Trump said the U.S. should "encourage" Japan to get nuclear weapons.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 2, 2016
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;nuclear
Context: a foreign policy speech
Fact-check justification: Clinton took Trump to task for saying that the United States should "encourage" Japan to get nuclear weapons. Trump used vague and contradictory language, but it’s a fair reading to say his words amounted to encouragement. On more than one occasion, Trump publicly said that Japan, and the United States, might be better off if Japan had nuclear weapons, and he declined multiple attempts by interviewers to backtrack from that view. We rate Clinton’s statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/df21fd77-34c0-411d-8393-27ae8a25fd20
Statement: The U.S. Constitution is "the oldest written constitution still in use today" among nations.
Speaker: bob goodlatte
About the speaker: Bob Goodlatte, a Republican, was first elected to Congress in 1993. He represents Virginia's 6th District, centered in Roanoke.
He is currently the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee and the vice chairman of the House Agriculture Committee.
Goodlatte earned a law degree from Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington, in 1977. His undergraduate degree in government was earned at Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, in 1974.
Date: September 17, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: history
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Goodlatte says the U.S. constitution is the "oldest written constitution still in use today." He was referring to national constitutions. Some scholars note that the United Kingdom and San Marino have some written governing documents still in effect that predate the 1789 enactment of the U.S. Constitution. But as a single document laying out an overall framework for governing a country -- a common way many people would define a constitution -- the U.S. truly has the oldest one still working. We rate the  .
Statement: We saw the president of the United States engage American troops in a fourth conflict in a foreign land. This is historic.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: October 18, 2011
Location: national
Topics: history;military
Context: Las Vegas
Fact-check justification: A look through history suggests that, contrary to Bachmann’s , having four simultaneous military deployments is not only not a landmark, it’s actually become the norm for the U.S. since 1993. We rate her statement .
Statement: Hedge fund managers "pay less in taxes than nurses and truck drivers.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: May 18, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;income;jobs;taxes
Context: Mason City, Iowa
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that hedge fund managers "pay less in taxes than nurses and truck drivers." She is certainly  for dollar amounts, which is what her statement was about. If she meant to say tax rates, that's more complicated, and the data doesn't clearly back up the point. Here, we're looking at just taxes paid, so we rate her  . UPDATE, May 20, 2015, 2:30 p.m.: This article has been updated to reflect a comment from Clinton's campaign staff. The rating has not been changed.
Statement: Says "Joe & Jill Biden's income went from $396,456 in 2016, to $16,596,979 in 2017-2019. Anyone else want to know where that money is coming from?
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 19, 2020
Topics: taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says Joe and Jill Biden’s income jumped from $396,456 in 2016 to a combined $16,596,979 in 2017-2019, and asks "Anyone else want to know where that money is coming from?" The suggestion that the Bidens’ income sources are unknown is . They are substantially explained on the tax returns and financial disclosures that the Bidens made public. Those documents show that the Bidens’ increased income from 2017 to 2019 came  from speaking engagements and book deals. This  takes the Bidens’ reported incomes from 2016-2019 out of context. We rate this  .
Statement: Democrats "are cutting our school funding. Four times in the last 10 years before we came into office.
Speaker: bruce rauner
About the speaker: Bruce Rauner was elected governor of Illinois in 2014. He became the first Republican governor in the state in 12 years upon his inauguration in January 2015. The gubernatorial campaign was Rauner's first foray into politics. He previously had been a principal at the private equity firm GTCR in Chicago.
Date: August 17, 2016
Location: illinois
Topics: education
Context: a speech at the Illinois State Fair
Fact-check justification: Rauner said of Democrats, "They are cutting our school funding. Four times in the last 10 years before we came into office." Rauner’s office said the years referred to in the speech were FY 2010-2013. While school funding did decline in fiscal years 2010-2013, it’s  to say it happened because of "cutting." In fact, as noted by the Civic Federation and in state budgets from the years in question, state-level funding -- which is controlled by the General Assembly and the governor -- increased slightly during those four years. Expand the years to FY 2009-2015 and the increase in state funding came to $522 million. Quinn’s record tax increase of 2011 is perhaps the greatest piece of  in support of Quinn’s aversion to cutting and in support of his  that he boosted school funding. Illinois for two years has been a philosophical battleground in which Republicans, led by Rauner, have argued that Illinois’ abysmal unemployment rate is the product of 12 years of Democratic control of state government. Much of their argument has involved Democratic policies that they believe have made Illinois an unfriendly state for business. But in claiming that Democrats cut school spending in the final years of their hold on the governor’s office, Rauner resurrects an allegation that should have stayed buried after he won the election. We rate this  .
Statement: Florida is doing over five times better" than New Jersey and New York in COVID-19 deaths per million people.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 26, 2020
Location: new jersey
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;florida;new york;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post said "Florida is doing over 5 TIMES better in deaths" than New York and New Jersey. For a statement that contains only an element of , our ruling is .
Statement: The average bridge in Missouri is 48 years old — most were only designed to last for 50 years.
Speaker: sam graves
About the speaker: Sam Graves is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Missouri.
Date: August 29, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: transportation
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: Graves said, "The average bridge in Missouri is 48 years old — most were only designed to last for 50 years." This statement comes directly from MoDOT’s data on state bridges, but it needs a bit of clarification. Most bridges don’t need to be replaced when they turn 50. That’s when engineers could expect them to need more maintenance. Condition, not design life, determines the death of a bridge. With that additional information, we rate the
Statement: Says President John F. Kennedy released a star Green Bay Packer from military reserve duty so that he could play in the 1961 NFL Championship Game.
Speaker: a.j. jacobs
About the speaker: A.J. Jacobs is an author, an editor at large at Esquire and a National Public Radio commentator.
Date: February 6, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: history;military;sports
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: The Packers whipped the Giants, 37-0 . Our rating Jacobs said Kennedy released a star Green Bay Packer from military reserve duty so that he could play in the 1961 NFL Championship Game. Hornung has repeatedly told the story of how Lombardi made the request of Kennedy, and Kennedy arranged for Hornung to leave his Army post in Kansas in order to play in the game, which the Packers won. Maraniss has cited a letter from Lombardi to a top aide of Kennedy's, thanking the president for making Hornung available to play. We rate Jacobs’ statement .
Statement: With only 67 bills or so passed into law, "2013 was the least productive year in congressional history since we've been keeping record.
Speaker: joaquin castro
About the speaker: Initially elected to the Texas House in 2002, Joaquin Castro initially won election to the U.S. House in November 2012.
Date: April 24, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: bipartisanship;congress;history
Context: an interview with the McAllen Monitor
Fact-check justification: Castro said Congress in 2013 had its least productive year since 1947, advancing 67 bills or so into law. Some 73 bills made it into law in 2013, which was the least by 15 for any year since 1947. We’re taking no position on whether this production was good or bad. Castro’s by-the-numbers'  is .
Statement: Says North Carolina "hospital beds are typically 85% full across the state.
Speaker: jeff jackson
About the speaker: Jeff Jackson represents the Charlotte area in the North Carolina state senate.
Date: March 19, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Jackson said North Carolina’s hospital beds "are typically 85% full across the state." The way he worded his tweet makes it seems like all hospitals are usually at 85% capacity. That’s not right. It depends on the hospital and it depends on the season.  But he has a point that many of North Carolina’s hospitals routinely treat patients while their facilities are close to maximum capacity. So we rate his  .
Statement: Many people every year, sometimes over 100,000, and despite the vaccine, die from the flu … we are learning to live with Covid, in most populations far less lethal.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 6, 2020
Location: national
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said that more than 100,000 people die from the flu and "in most populations, COVID-19 is far less lethal." In the past decade, the average yearly death toll from the flu has been 35,900. About 50 years ago, 100,000 people died one year, but that was an anomaly. Overall, the data show that COVID-19 is more deadly than the flu. By one estimate, it is 10 times more deadly. Comparing death rates for age groups is more challenging, but the data shows that for everyone over 30, COVID-19 is deadlier than the flu. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein announced in February that "the Russia collusion investigation is over.
Speaker: jeanine pirro
About the speaker: Jeanine Pirro joined the Fox News Channel in 2006 and currently serves as a legal analyst as well as the host of "Justice with Judge Jeanine." She unsuccessfully ran for attorney general in New York in 2006 as a Republican.
Date: July 17, 2018
Topics: legal issues;punditfact
Context: a book
Fact-check justification: Pirro said Rosenstein announced in February that "the Russia collusion investigation is over." Rosenstein, who oversees the Mueller investigation, said no such thing. He’s never suggested that an absence of charges against Americans in any given indictment means that Americans couldn’t be charged in the future. Pirro’s  that the investigation ended in February is also at odds with how the probe has evolved since then. To take just one example, former Trump campaign adviser Roger Stone acknowledged he is "probably" the unnamed U.S. person referenced in the July 13 indictment of 12 Russian intelligence officers charged with hacking and leaking Democratic documents during the election. We rate this .