chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Texas ranks among the nation's top five states for its high school graduation rate.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: February 19, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: children;education
Context: a conference call with voters
Fact-check justification: Abbott said Texas ranks among "the top five states in the nation for" its "high school graduation rate." Texas ranked No. 5 nationally for its 2015-16 graduation rate. Abbott was not talking about an alternate metric by which Texas in 2012-13 trailed 20 states for its share of students graduating compared to the number of ninth-grade students three years before. We rate his  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: 40,000+ votes for Libertarian candidate Jo Jorgensen magically become votes for Joe Biden.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: November 5, 2020
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: elections
Context: a video posted on TikTok
Fact-check justification: The posts claimed that by the time Pennsylvania had reported 56% of votes, Jorgensen had 89,000 votes, and that her count declined by 40,000 votes shortly after. The latest information available from Pennsylvania election officials, with about 93% of votes counted, showed that Jorgensen had not yet reached 89,000 votes. Given that Jorgensen did not have those 89,000 votes to begin with, the  that 40,000 of her votes "magically" became Biden’s is baseless. Other data included in the posts also do not prove the . We rate the posts .
Statement: Says Peter Kilmartin voted "in favor of expanding the 'good behavior' statute to sex offenders.
Speaker: erik wallin
About the speaker: Erik Wallin is a Republican who made an unsuccessful run for Attorney General in 2010. He graduated from Rhode Island College and Roger Williams Law School. He served as a military lawyer in a variety of capacities before returning to Rhode Island where he worked as an assistant attorney general for five years, until 2008, when he left to open his own law office in South Kingstown. 
Date: September 27, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: crime;voting record
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: But that is the result of a law that passed in 1976, when Kilmartin was 14 years old. It had nothing to do with the 2008 votes. The  stops short of receiving a  because Wallin acknowledges that the news release was poorly worded. But that doesn't change the fact that he accused his opponent of voting in favor of something he didn't vote for. We find this  .
Statement: The IRS has been specifically forbidden ...  from ever actually pursuing either civil or criminal remedies" for people who don't purchase health insurance.
Speaker: lawrence o'donnell
About the speaker: Lawrence O'Donnell is the host of MSNBC’s The Last Word. He was formerly the chief of staff for both the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance and the Committee on Environment & Public Works in the 1990's. He is also an actor, and has been executive producer of the television shows The West Wing and Mister Sterling. O'Donnell blogs at the Huffington Post as well. In the past, O'Donnell has described himself as a socialist.
Date: October 21, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care;pundits
Context: 'The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell"
Fact-check justification: Experts said O’Donnell’s point is pretty accurate: The IRS cannot use its most effective collection weapons -- the threat of jail time or seizing of property -- for the individual mandate penalty. But the law did not take away its power to pursue lawsuits against delinquent taxpayers, though experts say it isn’t likely given the small size of the penalty and current difficulty of filing suit outside of tax court. Plus, for taxpayers who overpay their income taxes and don’t pay the fine, the IRS could extract the penalty from a taxpayer’s refund. We rate the  .
Statement: Now, as it stands, our health care system has adequate ventilators, ICU beds, medical professionals.
Speaker: sean hannity
About the speaker: Sean Hannity is a conservative political commentator and hosts a nationally syndicated radio show, as well as two television shows on the Fox News Channel. In a 2013 interview Hannity said that he is a “registered Conservative” and ”not a Republican, though people often mistake me for one.” Hannity has authored three books.
Date: March 16, 2020
Topics: health care;public health;pundits;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: a TV segment
Fact-check justification: Hannity said, "Now, as it stands, our health care system has adequate ventilators, ICU beds, medical professionals." That might be  if the U.S. stopped the coronavirus from spreading any further. But given the country’s likely trajectory, experts said all  points to the U.S. being short on beds, ICUs, ventilators and medical professionals. The U.S. will need to take steps to slow the spread and expand hospital capacity if it wants to keep its health care system from being overrun by the likely uptick in cases. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says "roughly two-thirds of (state) corporations didn't pay any income tax in Virginia.
Speaker: the commonwealth institute
About the speaker: The Commonwealth Institute provides independent research and of state fiscal and economic policies in Virginia with a focus on how they affect middle class and low income people. The Commonwealth Institute is the State Priorities Partnership (SPP) group for Virginia, part of a national network of nonpartisan, independent, nonprofit organizations in over 40 states. The SPP network is coordinated by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a Washington-based research organization and strategic policy institute that works on a range of federal and state issues.
Date: April 30, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: corporations;taxes
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The Commonwealth Institute said "At last count, roughly two-thirds of corporations didn’t pay any income tax." It’s correct that two-thirds of corporate filers wound up owing zero income tax, according to the most recent report on the issue by the state Department of Taxation and another by JLARC. Many profitable companies can avoid the levy by claiming deductions. But the institute leaves out information. Many corporations don’t pay because they’ve stopped operating in the state, yet are still required by law to file a return.  JLARC, after weeding out those businesses in 2010, found that 44 percent of active corporations didn’t pay income tax. We rate its  .
Statement: After hiring a campaign manager in 2006, "I got this $100 and something fee ... for hazardous materials.
Speaker: allan fung
About the speaker: Allan Fung has been mayor of Cranston, R.I. since Jan. 5, 2009. In 2014 he made an unsuccessful run for governor as a Republican. He received his law degree from Suffolk University, worked as a prosecutor for the state attorney general's office, served as a lobbyist for MetLife and served two terms on the Cranston City Council, beginning in 2002. In his 2012 reelection bid, he was unopposed.
Date: March 7, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Allan Fung, recollecting events of eight years ago, said he had to pay a fee of about $100 for filing a hazardous materials notification form when he hired his first campaign staff member. He was right about there being a fee, but he overstated the amount. And in expressing his frustration about the fee, he gave the impression it still exists, when, in fact, it was eliminated a year ago. Because the statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Mike Trainor...still owes $250,000 to the state.
Speaker: vincent "buddy" cianci
About the speaker: Vincent "Buddy" Cianci is a talk-radio host and ex-convict who spent more time serving as mayor of Providence (21 years from 1975 to 2002) than anyone in the city's history. He is the author of "Politics and Pasta: How I Prosecuted Mobsters, Rebuilt a Dying City, Advised a President, Dined with Sinatra, Spent Five Years in a Federally Funded Gated Community, and Lived to Tell the Tale." He was defeated in the 2014 mayoral election when he ran as an independent.
Date: September 1, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: bankruptcy;economy;legal issues
Context: a talk show discussion
Fact-check justification: We agree. Practically speaking, the bankruptcy ruling and the fact that the mortgage on the Trainor’s home exceeded its value made it impossible for the EDC to recoup its money. But even after the debt was discharged in bankruptcy Trainor and Chafee both said they’d make an effort made to repay the EDC. After all, a debt can be owed even if it’s never collected. For that reason, we rule Cianci’s statement  .
Statement: Says the Congressional Budget Office "said if you're going to buy your own policy with these (health care) exchanges you'll be paying 10 percent more ... about $2,100 more for a family.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: July 2, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: a Fox News interview
Fact-check justification: Scott said that the Congressional Budget Office said people would pay 10 percent more for policies on the exchange, "so about $2,100 more for a family." What he doesn’t say is that these policies will have to offer comprehensive coverage. So people will pay more, but they’re also get more benefits. Additionally, the federal government will offer subsidies to many of these people to cut the cost. It’s also important to remember the CBO’s "apples-to-apples" comparison. According to the agency, people in the individual market will actually pay less for the required amount of benefits under the Affordable Care Act than they would for those same benefits under old policies. We rate Scott’s statement .
Statement: Under Kathy Hoffman, "student test scores plummeted. Even before COVID, under the current regime, over half of Arizona students were not proficient in reading or math.
Speaker: tom horne
About the speaker: Tom Horne served as Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction from 2003 to 2011. He is a candidate for that position in the 2022 election.
Date: August 21, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: education
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Horne said that under Hoffman, "student test scores plummeted. Even before COVID, under the current regime, over half of Arizona students were not proficient in reading or math." Hoffman had been in her position four months when testing took place. At the end of the 2018-19 school year, 42% of Arizona students had achieved a passing score on the state’s standardized reading tests. That was higher than the year prior, and indicative of steady improvement since 2015. After schools started testing again following COVID-19 pandemic shutdowns, student performance did drop. Math scores fell by nine points and reading by four. But school systems nationwide saw similar declines in student performance. Horne presents statistics to put Hoffman in a poor light, but he leaves out significant context. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Democrats "have issued more subpoenas than they've passed bills.
Speaker: mike shields
About the speaker: Mike Shields is the founder of Convergence Media and a CNN political commentator. He was formerly chief of staff for the Republican National Committee.
Date: October 31, 2019
Topics: congress;impeachment;punditfact
Context: a CNN panel discussion
Fact-check justification: Shields said Democrats "have issued more subpoenas than they’ve passed bills." That’s , and Shields clarified his point on Twitter. But the  that House Democrats are responsible for more subpoenas than bills passed into law is also , since it compares two very different processes. We rate this statement .
Statement: Kilmartin has helped pass laws to "create a witness protection program.
Speaker: peter kilmartin
About the speaker: Peter Kilmartin has been Rhode Island's attorney general since Jan. 4, 2011. He is a lawyer and retired captain in the Pawtucket Police Department who, until his election, had been a state Representative since 1991.
Date: September 20, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: candidate biography;crime
Context: a statement on his campaign website
Fact-check justification: No. He wasn't even in office yet when the first version become law. But as the attorney general's spokesman points out, that was a protection program in name only, since it provided little protection for innocent witnesses. What Kilmartin did through his sponsorship of the 2001 bill was to help update and strengthen an existing witness protection program to centralize it and create necessary controls. He can't take all the credit, but we'll give him his fair share and call it .
Statement: West Virginia University's incoming freshman class has the "highest-ever GPA
Speaker: e. gordon gee
About the speaker: E. Gordon Gee is is president of West Virginia University. His current tenure in office began in 2014, but he was first named WVU president in 1981 at age 36 – at the time, among the youngest persons to ever serve as a university president. He led West Virginia University until 1985, then went on to presidencies at the University of Colorado (1985-90), Brown University (1998-2000) and Vanderbilt University (2001-07). He served as president of the Ohio State University from 1990-97 and again from 2007-13. 
Date: February 12, 2018
Location: west virginia
Topics: education
Context: a letter to the university community
Fact-check justification: Gee wrote that WVU’s incoming freshman class for 2018 has the "highest-ever GPA" in the university’s history. The incoming freshman GPA is the highest since 1995, according to data provided by the university, and given the steady rise since 1995, it’s plausible that the current class’ GPA is the highest in the university’s history. But we do not have data that independently confirms that. The statement is accurate but needs additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: Chinese military convoy enters Ukraine from Russia.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 18, 2022
Topics: china;facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The last Vostok exercises in 2018 took place with nearly 300,000 troops reported to be involved, including the Chinese army, according to Reuters.   After a widely covered meeting Sept. 15 between Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping, Putin said that Xi had "questions and concerns" about the situation in Ukraine. The revelation that China had breached the Russia-Ukraine border would be international news, yet no credible sources make the claims that appear in these Facebook posts.   In a "60 Minutes" interview that aired Sept. 18 on CBS, President Joe Biden said there has been "no indication" that China has tried to help Russia in its war with Ukraine. We rate claims that this video shows the Chinese military entering Ukraine .
Statement: Minority farmers get big bonus, white ones get none," because of Democrats.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 15, 2021
Topics: agriculture;federal budget;race and ethnicity;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims: "Minority farmers get big bonus, white ones get none," because of Democrats. The COVID-19 relief law signed by Biden and approved by Democratic majorities in Congress provides an estimated $5 billion for farmers from socially disadvantaged groups, such as racial minorities, that have been subjected to prejudice. It’s not simply a bonus.  The post is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Says a video shows a "gay party in Italy few weeks before COVID-19.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 10, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Social media posts from 2018 show attendees wearing the same rainbow colored shirts with the word "Crocodilo" on the back that the men in the Facebook post video are wearing. According to AFP, such shirts are issued as proof that people paid to attend the event and vary from year to year. Bloco Crocodilo is one of the carnival’s street parties. You can see designs from other years here and here .   We rate this post .
Statement: Charlie Crist "attacks me for positions he held, like, six months ago, (when) he was running in the Republican primary.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: October 24, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;families;health care;social security
Context: a U.S. Senate debate on CNN’s “State of the Union.”
Fact-check justification: Make no : Crist is ripe for attacks about flip-flopping. We've already pretty much written a book about it, noting that his position on oil drilling has shifted , as has his position on the federal health care bill. He once said that he wouldn't run for Senate as an independent , and then said he would support the Republican nominee. But this fact check is about more than flip-flopping. It's about Crist attacking Rubio for the very same positions Crist held just six months ago. There, the case is much more difficult to make. When it comes to health care, Social Security, immigration, embryonic stem cell research and Roe vs. Wade , we find Crist's positions are either unchanged, or he hasn't used them as a line of attack against Rubio. But gay adoption is a slightly different story. Crist said he supported keeping the gay adoption ban in place as a Republican as recently as eight months ago, but now says he supports the ban being lifted. And he's using that new position to link Rubio to a tea party favorite like Jim DeMint in order to bolster the argument that Rubio's extreme. The caveat is that as far back as 2006 Crist was accused by Republicans of supporting gay adoptions in Florida and has given differing statements on the issue. In that case, Crist's flip-flopping helps his argument. Overall, we think Rubio's statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that give a different impression. So we rate this  .
Statement: One estimate says there may be "three times as much oil in the United States as there is in Saudi Arabia.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: February 22, 2012
Location: national
Topics: energy;message machine 2012
Context: a televised address
Fact-check justification: Gingrich said that the United States "may, in fact, by one estimate, have three times as much oil in the United States as there is in Saudi Arabia." A paper, published by a respected think tank, does make a similar comparison, but it does not go so far as to suggest that the U.S. may actually have "three times as much oil as Saudi Arabia." The paper’s author told PolitiFact that such a leap is invalid since the comparison does not use apples-to-apples statistics. The U.S. figure is an estimate of what may be theoretically recoverable without looking at economic viability, while the Saudi number is an estimate made with at least some consideration of the economics of recovery. On balance, we rate the statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/ce4ffa7c-649c-4571-b659-f777b90e0724
Statement: Rhode Island "didn't ratify the 13th Amendment to the Constitution to pay federal income taxes. So Rhode Island doesn't even have to pay federal income taxes.
Speaker: charlene lima
About the speaker: Charlene M. Lima, a Democrat from Cranston, has been a State Representative since 1993. She is an educator in the Providence School Department.
Date: June 13, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: history;taxes
Context: a speech on the floor of the Rhode Island House of Representatives
Fact-check justification: On this issue, we agree. Rep. Charlene Lima had the  amendment and the  lesson from history when she said Rhode Island "didn't ratify the 13th Amendment to the Constitution to pay federal income taxes. So Rhode Island doesn't even have to pay federal income taxes." Because her statement falls into the realm of , we rate it  ! (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: $1.5 billion of your taxpayer money is sitting in an account" that can be used for other purposes.
Speaker: deidre dejear
About the speaker: Deidre DeJear is the Democratic nominee for governor of Iowa in 2022. She previously ran as the Democratic nominee for secretary of state in 2018, losing to Republican incumbent Paul Pate. She was the first Black woman in Iowa to win a major political party nomination for statewide office. DeJear cofounded a nonprofit, Back 2 School Iowa, and has run Caleo Enterprises, a consulting firm, since 2008. She served as Iowa campaign chair for Kamala Harris’ presidential campaign in 2020.
Date: August 13, 2022
Location: iowa
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: remarks at the Iowa State Fair
Fact-check justification: DeJear said Iowa has $1.5 billion in a fund called a trust that could, instead, pay for state programs. That would have to be the Taxpayer Relief Fund, although her spokeswoman said DeJear was including all of the state’s surplus in the statement. That would include the emergency fund that has $223.8 million. Iowa at this point has more in reserve than DeJear’s general estimate. But the governor has no authority over how it is spent. Moreover, making the Taxpayer Relief Fund part of what state budget managers consider to be the rainy day fund would require a legislative appropriation, based on revenue projections and the state’s cash flow, or possibly changing the law establishing the fund for tax relief. Although DeJear is correct that there is a large pot of money left unspent, she is  to suggest that the governor has the unilateral power to spend it on state programs. We rate the statement