chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says he has "more executive experience than the vice president.
Speaker: pete buttigieg
About the speaker: Pete Buttigieg is the Transportation secretary under President Joe Biden. Buttigieg was elected mayor of South Bend, Ind., in 2011 and was re-elected in 2015. He decided not to seek re-election and his term ended in January 2020. From 2009 to 2017, he served in the U.S. Navy Reserve and was a lieutenant. He received a bachelor’s degree in history and literature from Harvard College and a first-class honors bachelor’s degree in philosophy, politics and economics from Pembroke College as a Rhodes Scholar. He ran for president in the 2020 Democratic primaries.
Date: April 22, 2019
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a town hall
Fact-check justification: Buttigieg says he has "more executive experience than the vice president." In terms of No. 1-in-charge jobs, Buttigieg’s seven-plus years as the mayor of South Bend, Ind., exceeds the four years Pence served as governor of Indiana. But the scope of Pence’s duties was wider as governor. Moreover, even though it’s a No. 2 position, Pence’s two-plus years as vice president obviously count as high-level executive-branch experience as well. The statement has element of  but leaves out critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate Buttigieg’s statement .
Statement: The marijuana that kids are smoking today is not the same as the marijuana that Jeb Bush smoked 40 years ago.
Speaker: carly fiorina
About the speaker: Carly Fiorina is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. She is the former chairman and chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). She was defeated in her attempt as the Republican nominee to unseat Sen. Barbara Boxer in 2010.
Date: September 16, 2015
Location: national
Topics: drugs
Context: the CNN Republican debate
Fact-check justification: Fiorina said the marijuana kids smoke today is not what it was 40 years ago. Studies back that up. THC potency is up, with a growing fraction of seized marijuana having a concentration of 9 percent or more. There is some  that users smoke less when the pot is more potent, but that doesn’t detract from Fiorina’s main point. We rate this  .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama revealed in his State of the Union address that he "now is against earmarks.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: January 27, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: a Senate Tea Party Caucus meeting
Fact-check justification: In his State of the Union address, he said would veto legislation with earmarks. Still, we think it’s an oversimplification for Paul to imply that Obama had done a wholesale change on the issue, whether due to tea party pressure or some other reason. It would be  to describe Obama as someone who uncritically supported earmarks, at least after his first year or so in the Senate. In fact, as a candidate, he made three separate promises to rein them in. On balance, we rate Paul’s statement .
Statement: Says Democratic challenger Gina Ortiz Jones has raised "more money from Massachusetts than" from Texas.
Speaker: will hurd
About the speaker: Will Hurd, a former CIA officer, initially won election to represent the 23rd Congressional District of Texas in 2014. Hurd won re-election in 2016.
Date: August 18, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: campaign finance;states
Context: an interview with Hearst News
Fact-check justification: Hurd said Jones has raised "more money from Massachusetts than" from Texas. To the contrary, records show Jones raising more in campaign funds from Texans than Massachusetts residents. The congressman’s analysis erroneously rests on counting donations ferried to Jones from donors all over the country through the Massachusetts-based ActBlue PAC as contributions made solely by people living in Massachusetts. We find Hurd's statement  and . !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The city of Minneapolis has set up a Sharia hotline for residents to report citizens who criticize Islam, in order to prosecute them for 'hate crimes.'
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 8, 2019
Topics: islam;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We fact-checked that and rated it  . This Facebook post is also smelling smoky. While Minneapolis announced the hate-crime hotline at a time when assaults against Muslims in the United States were on the rise , the new city service was not tailored to address crimes against Muslims and it makes no mention of Sharia. Rather, it’s aimed at reporting crimes motivated by prejudice against someone’s race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender or gender identity. We rate this post .
Statement: Obama has admitted a cap and trade plan would cause electricity bills to "skyrocket.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: November 17, 2009
Location: national
Topics: environment;cap and trade;climate change;energy
Context: her book "Going Rogue"
Fact-check justification: Republicans have cited numbers as high as $3,000 per year, a  that when it was combined with a falsehood on health care, earned our  rating. Recent estimates by the Congressional Budget Office and the Environmental Protection Agency are much lower — between $80 and $340 a year, depending on income. So the climate debate has changed substantially since Obama sat down with the Chronicle nearly two years ago. Despite those potential cost cuts, there's still little disagreement that consumers will pay for cap-and-trade, whether it's $3,100 a year or $340. Because that hasn't changed since Obama first said that utility rates would "necessarily skyrocket," and because Palin got Obama's words right, we give Palin a .
Statement: Two years ago, the longest serving leader of the California republic, Jerry Brown, boldly declared in China that California is a separate nation.
Speaker: louis marinelli
About the speaker: Louis Marinelli is the president Yes California independence campaign. 
Date: September 26, 2016
Location: california
Topics: elections
Context: Moscow
Fact-check justification: Louis Marinelli, president of the sovereignty group Yes California, recently claimed that Gov. Jerry Brown "boldly declared in China that California is a separate nation." There’s no  Brown ever declared California’s independence, in China or anywhere else. Instead, Marinelli greatly distorted comments the governor made not in China, but at a San Francisco climate change event. Brown did say California is "a separate nation," but it was hardly a bold declaration. He immediately followed it up saying California "is a state of mind," indicating he was speaking symbolically. Brown has elevated California to an international stage in his climate change fight, and has talked about the state being the sixth largest economy in the world, if it were a nation. Marinelli ignored all context and greatly misconstrued Brown’s comments. We rate his  .  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/ee306206-4ddd-421d-b14d-13ac44f091ef
Statement: The DeWine campaign is "receiving money from so many more people. (Cordray's) money is coming almost exclusively from the party, labor unions, and special counsel that he has given business to.
Speaker: mike dewine
About the speaker: Mike DeWine, the Ohio attorney general, won the Republican primary for governor in May 2018 and is running in the general election in November. Previously he was one of Ohio's U.S. senator's, lieutenant governor and a member of the General Assembly.
Date: August 15, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: campaign finance;elections
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Add it up and here’s what you get: State and county Democratic Party accounts, labor unions and law firms with special contracts gave about 60 percent of the money raised by Cordray during this election cycle. That’s a clear majority of the dollars raised by Cordray but a far cry from "almost exclusively" providing the funds, as DeWine had claimed. So while DeWine was absolutely right in saying that he has a wider base, he missed the mark in claiming that Cordray’s dough came "almost exclusively" from a trio of sources. As a result, we rate his  to be . Comment on this item .
Statement: Says Jill Biden said, "Whatever is on Hunter's laptop is not important.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 29, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Daily Mail reported on her comments during her View appearance, saying that Biden brushed off the "‘distracting’ Hunter laptop scandal." But it doesn’t include the statement about his laptop being unimportant. We rate this Facebook post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Says David Rivera "received a $5,000 campaign contribution from Congressman Spencer Bachus, who is currently under House Ethics investigation for insider trading.
Speaker: luis garcia
About the speaker: State Rep. Luis Garcia, D-Miami Beach, is running for Congress against U.S. Rep. David Rivera in 2012.
Date: February 15, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: campaign finance;ethics
Context: a campaign press release
Fact-check justification: Garcia said that "Rivera has received a $5,000 campaign contribution from Congressman Spencer Bachus, who is currently under House Ethics investigation for insider trading." Technically, the donation came from Bachus’ PAC and not Bachus as an individual, but that isn’t a key difference in this case. More significantly, the donation was made in 2010, years before news broke about the recent investigation. We should also note that although Bachus has acknowledged providing information to the ethics office, their findings have not been made public. Obviously, we don’t know what its findings will be. But in a literal sense, Garcia’s  about the donation is accurate. But it omits the additional information that the donation was made before Bachus was under investigation. We rate this  .
Statement: Says his administration has made "progress" on border enforcement by "putting more boots on the southern border than at any time in our history and reducing illegal crossings to their lowest levels in 40 years.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 12, 2013
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: the State of the Union Address
Fact-check justification:     Obama said his administration has made "progress" on border enforcement by "putting more boots on the southern border than at any time in our history and reducing illegal crossings to their lowest levels in 40 years."     Obama is right about the numbers of Border Patrol agents and on the immigrant flows across the border. However, it’s a stretch for him to suggest that his administration is the primary reason. The growth in agents began under Bush, and while law enforcement matters in curbing flows of illegal immigrants, so do economic conditions in both the United States and Mexico as well as crime on the Mexican side of the border, and these are factors Obama doesn’t directly control. On balance, we rate Obama’s  .
Statement: Says Howard Zinn, "an anti-American Marxist," wrote "the most popular textbook that's taught in our high schools in America.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: April 10, 2015
Location: national
Topics: education;history
Context: a speech to the NRA
Fact-check justification: Santorum said that Zinn wrote "the most popular textbook that's taught in our high schools in America." While there is anecdotal  that Zinn’s work is popular among some high-school teachers, there is zero hard  to support Santorum’s core statistical  -- that Zinn’s volume is taught in more high-school history classes than any other book. The  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: Jennifer Carroll's an "outsider.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: September 2, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;elections
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: But after retiring from the Navy in 1999, Carroll has very much made politics a key part of her life. She twice ran for Congress, said she was in talks for a job with Vice President Cheney, ran the state's Department of Veterans Affairs, was elected to the Florida House and was considered for Crist's lieutenant governor choice in 2006. So Carroll has some outsider, and some insider. We rate Scott's statement . ( Correction : This story has been updated to note that Jennifer Carroll retired from the Navy as a lieutenant commander).
Statement: Health reform will "give every American the same opportunity" to buy health insurance the way members of Congress do.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 9, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a speech to Congress
Fact-check justification: People who can get insurance through work are specifically excluded under the House bill. Obama lays out the right categories of people who would be allowed to shop ont the exchange in the first part of his statement: people who lose coverage or who are part of a small business. But he crossed a line when he told Congress, "It's time to give every American the same opportunity that we've given ourselves." There are significant limitations on who will be allowed on the exchange. We rate his statement .
Statement: NFL lawyer, who claimed Super Bowl is 'rigged', found dead.
Speaker: eco news 
About the speaker: Eco News Media is a website that posts fake news.
Date: February 1, 2018
Topics: fake news;sports;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: In the world of real news, PolitiFact has fact-checked many claims related to past Super Bowls related to weather, records and spending as well as human trafficking and domestic violence and economic impact . But in this case, the  that an "NFL lawyer, who claimed Super Bowl is ‘rigged’, found dead" is  news. We rate this story !
Statement: The $1.9 trillion COVID-19 relief bill "awards a $25 million bonus" to House members.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 7, 2021
Topics: congress;federal budget;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In March 2020, a widely shared Facebook post claimed that a $2 trillion COVID-19 relief package that President Donald Trump was about to sign contained $25 million in pay raises for Congress. There was nothing in that legislation that gave a pay raise to members of Congress, and we rated the post  ! Same here.   The  that the new stimulus contains a $25 million bonus for House members is  and . We rate it !
Statement: Donald Trump would receive $17 million for three hotels closed for four days under Republican bill! How in the hell is this right?!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 23, 2020
Topics: corporations;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said, "Donald Trump would receive $17 million for three hotels closed for four days under Republican bill! How in the hell is this right?!" In discussions about legislation that would provide federal relief to businesses hurt by the coronavirus, Trump did not rule out the possibility that his businesses would apply for such aid. But no GOP bill contained language that would have given hotels owned by the Trump family $17 million. And a relief bill passed by the Senate would actually prohibit businesses owned by Trump, his family, or other top government officials from tapping into a $500 billion pool of aid to businesses, though the Trump hotels could benefit from other provisions of the aid bill. We rate the statement .
Statement: The 2018 Academy Awards show was the "lowest rated Oscars in HISTORY.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 6, 2018
Location: national
Topics: pop culture
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said the 2018 Academy Awards show was the "lowest rated Oscars in HISTORY." He’s right, at least going back to 1974, when Nielsen started reporting ratings. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: His biography says he was the top ROTC officer in the nation.
Speaker: john robitaille
About the speaker: John Robitaille made an unsuccessful run for governor in 2010 as a Republican. A graduate of Providence College, Robitaille served five years in the Army, worked in employee and labor relations and served as communications director for Republican Gov. Donald Carcieri.
Date: October 15, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a biography on Robitaille's campaign website
Fact-check justification: The details are hazy, he said, but there was also a check for $400 which for a young soldier, seemed much more exciting than a plaque. A second letter from the secretary of the Army offers a bit more detail where Robitaille's memory leaves off. It orders the commanding general of the U.S. Army Europe and Seventh Army to present the award "at an appropriate ceremony and that his personal congratulations be conveyed to Lieutenant Robitaille for his achievements along with best wishes for his continued to success." We give this one a definite  and offer our own congratulations. Albeit 40 years late.
Statement: The new Ukrainian government "introduced a law abolishing the use of languages other than Ukrainian in official circumstances.
Speaker: russia today
About the speaker: Russia Today is a American cable network that is funded by the government of Russia.
Date: March 4, 2014
Topics: foreign policy;punditfact
Context: a posting on their website
Fact-check justification: Russia Today said the Ukrainians introduced a law abolishing the use of any language except Ukrainian for official business. The Ukrainian parliament did vote to repeal a 2012 law that allowed for more official languages in parts of the country. But the repeal vote was not signed into law by the Ukraine’s interim president. Also, Crimea -- the center of the crisis currently in Ukraine -- has long held a special status whereby both Russian and Ukrainian could be used in official business. The recent vote would not have changed that, experts told us. We make no determination as to whether the parliament’s move triggered a call for aid from officials in Crimea. But on the question of the official language, the statement omits significant context. We rate the  .
Statement: Fox News changed its accreditation to "entertainment.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 12, 2020
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A website called "Free Wood Post" published a  story that claimed the FCC reclassified Fox News as "satire" and that the network would have to start displaying a disclaimer during its segments that read: "This is not a valid news source. "    But Free Wood Post was a satirical blog itself, with its own disclaimer that said all news articles on the website "are fiction, and presumably  news." Fox News could not and did not change its "accreditation" to entertainment in order to air  stories on its channel. We rate this !
Statement: Video shows Ukrainian soldiers saying goodbye to loved ones amid Russia's 2022 invasion.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 25, 2022
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) The footage stems from a 2017 Ukrainian film called " The War of Chimeras" directed by Anastasiia Starozhytska and Mariia Starozhytska. The movie follows the story of a young couple during the 2014 Battle of Ilovaisk , which took place near the eastern Ukrainian city of Donetsk.  Reverse-image searches pulled up YouTube videos about the movie that match the clips shared on social media, including the trailer uploaded in July 2017.   We rate posts claiming the 2017 movie clip depicts the 2022 invasion .