chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Anyone can die of a toothache.
Speaker: john cortes
About the speaker: District 43 representative from Kissimmee. Retired corrections officer. First elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 2014.
Date: January 13, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: health care;medicaid
Context: a House Health Innovation Subcommittee meeting
Fact-check justification: Cortes said, "Anyone can die of a toothache." It’s not so much that you’ll die of pain, of course, but dentists and research confirm that an untreated abscess can infect other parts of the body, either through the bones or the bloodstream. Most people won’t die from a toothache, but it’s a condition that if left untreated can lead to the worst: a fatal result. We rate the statement .
Statement: Atlanta Public Schools' 2011 CRCT tests were "given under the strictest security possible.
Speaker: beverly hall
About the speaker: Beverly Hall is former Superintendent for Atlanta Public Schools.
Date: June 24, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: a mailer
Fact-check justification: Certainly, the CRCT was not "given under the strictest security possible" in 2011, as Hall said. APS did tighten its procedures, but PolitiFact Georgia easily found additional ways to increase security. Since APS did boost security starting in 2010, Hall’s statement is not outrageous. But it is . She therefore earns a .
Statement: Says he predicts the weather better than Punxsutawney Phil.
Speaker: general beauregard lee
About the speaker: General Beauregard Lee, a groundhog, has predicted Metro Atlanta's weather for more than three decades. He resides at "Weathering Heights," a plantation-style manse at the Yellow River Game Ranch, a wildlife attraction in Lilburn.
Date: February 2, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: weather
Context: his website
Fact-check justification: By our analysis, Beau’s staff overestimated his success, but he’s still 10 to 30 percentage points ahead of Phil. Georgia’s underhog is the champion, paws down.    General, emerge from the shadows. Stand tall on your stubby legs. The -O-Meter salutes you with a .
Statement: What I have put forward does not add a penny to the debt.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: October 19, 2016
Location: national
Topics: debt
Context: the third presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "What I have put forward does not add a penny to the debt." An independent analysis found Clinton’s proposals would add a relatively small amount to the debt, $200 billion over a decade. The Clinton campaign says a new business tax plan will address that, though the proposal hasn’t been independently analyzed. Regardless, Clinton’s explanation leaves out the fact that debt would still rise by about $9 trillion over 10 years because of current policies. Clinton’s proposals don’t stem that increase. Clinton’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/30d13ea3-9259-4377-a2ff-ce6ecb7fb0c3 Update (Oct. 24, 2016): This article has been updated to reflect that one of the reasons the debt will increase is because of  projected spending on Social Security and Medicare.
Statement: Seventy bills [Kendrick Meek] authored, not one of them has passed.
Speaker: jeff greene
About the speaker: Jeff Greene, a wealthy businessman from Palm Beach, lost the Democratic primary for Florida governor in August 2018. He campaigned for the U.S. Senate and was defeated in the Democratic primary on Aug. 24, 2010.
Date: August 10, 2010
Location: florida
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: While Meek may have not passed significant legislation, that's not necessarily a measure a Congressman's effectiveness. We define  as a statement that is "accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context." We think that's about right in this case. Greene has his number just about right, but leaves out those Schoolhouse Rock details of how a bill becomes a law. We rate Greene's  .
Statement: Says "excise taxes are...disproportionately burdening middle- and lower-income consumers.
Speaker: david sutton
About the speaker: David Sutton is a spokesman for Altria, the parent company of Philip Morris.
Date: June 30, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: "(The higher taxes) alleviates some of the regressivity," Farrelly said, "but it doesn’t eliminate it." Across the Atlantic, when Germany increased its taxes on cigarettes in December 2004 and September 2005, approximately one of eight smokers went to a neighboring nation to buy their smokes at a cheaper price, a team of researchers found. To sum up, Sutton said excise taxes on cigarettes are "disproportionately burdening middle- and lower-income consumers." Numerous studies show Sutton’s  is on target, but a larger percentage of them also quit smoking. Our rating: .
Statement: Says Scott Walker supports "a health care plan that would gut protections for pre-existing conditions.
Speaker: tony evers
About the speaker: Tony Evers, a Democrat, was elected Wisconsin governor in November 2018. His term begins in January 2019. Evers has served as the Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction, a non-partisan position, since 2009. He previously worked as a teacher and school district administrator.
Date: October 10, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;public health
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: The law provides a variety of protections to people with pre-existing medical conditions — including prohibiting insurers from denying coverage to those people and prohibiting them from charging those people higher rates. So, getting rid of Obamacare would eliminate those protections. Walker has pledged that if Obamacare is repealed, he would seek legislation to guarantee coverage to people with pre-existing conditions. But it’s not clear how that legislation would compare to Obamacare and not clear if it could pass the Legislature. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification, our rating is .
Statement: Very few men outlive their own fertility.
Speaker: charles cooper
About the speaker: Charles Cooper, a civil litigator in Washington, has argued several times before the Supreme Court, including in the same-sex marriage case Hollingsworth vs. Perry.
Date: March 26, 2013
Location: national
Topics: children;families;human rights;legal issues;lgbtq;marriage;science;sexuality;supreme court
Context: arguments before the U.S. Supreme Court
Fact-check justification: Cooper argued before the Supreme Court that "very few men outlive their own fertility." Experts we consulted generally agree that men — or at least some men — may still father children well into their advanced years. But whether that’s most men or a minority isn’t yet supported by research. Meanwhile, emerging studies document declining fertility as individual men age, and studies don’t yet confirm how many men remain fertile their entire lives. Given the sweeping nature of Cooper's , and the lack of unequivocal , we rate it .
Statement: Indiana actually has a higher gas tax than Illinois does even with the increase in (Illinois') taxes.
Speaker: susana mendoza
About the speaker: Susana Mendoza is the Illinois comptroller. Mendoza served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 2001-2010, before becoming the first woman to be elected city clerk of Chicago in February 2011. 
Date: July 8, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: taxes
Context: a podcast interview
Fact-check justification: By every government measure we checked, and by acknowledgement from Mendoza’s office itself, the  is . Illinois residents pay eight cents more in state excise taxes for each gallon of gasoline than residents of Indiana, according to revenue officials in both states. We rate Mendoza’s  .  — The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Federal health care reforms amounted to 'the government takeover of health care.'
Speaker: tommy thompson
About the speaker: Tommy Thompson, a Republican, was a 2012 candidate for the U.S. Senate from Wisconsin. He served as governor of Wisconsin from 1987 until 2001, when he left office to become President George W. Bush's secretary of health and human services. He previously spent 20 years in the Wisconsin Assembly. Thompson briefly ran for president, withdrawing in 2007.
Date: June 7, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: But we think most would recognize that as Thompson simply stating his position, not claiming he could do it unilaterally. Our conclusion Thompson says in a TV ad that federal health reforms amount to "the government takeover of health care." It’s not a government takeover. We’ve said numerous times that characterizing the law in this way is a distortion of the facts -- and the 2010 Lie of the Year. We rate his  .
Statement: Over the last few years, we've put more people back to work than all the other advanced economies combined.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: November 16, 2014
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;labor;workers
Context: a press conference after the G20 summit
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "Over the last few years, we’ve put more people back to work than all the other advanced economies combined." From publicly available data, we know that since 2009, the United States has created roughly the same number of jobs as the 35 other advanced economies combined, and more than the other six biggest economies. However, it’s not as clear cut that this recovery involves putting "more people back to work," as Obama suggests. The labor force participation rate has consistently declined during this period, suggesting that more and more unemployed Americans are dropping out of the workforce, rather than taking new jobs. On balance, we rate Obama's  .
Statement: John McCain has voted with George Bush 90 percent of the time.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 28, 2008
Location: national
Topics: bush administration
Context: a speech at Democratic National Convention
Fact-check justification: Because Biden didn't note a year when he cited McCain's highest "presidential support" score — thereby suggesting an overall score — we ruled his statement only . Here, Obama cites McCain's average presidential support score since Bush was elected. We checked our math, and although we had first said Obama was off by 1 percent, we have since realized that Obama wasn't, we were. It's 90 percent on the nose. .
Statement: Incomes are up.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: September 14, 2022
Topics: economy
Context: Detroit
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "Incomes are up." Incomes are up year-over-year if you don’t factor in inflation. But with inflation at 40-year highs, doing so misrepresents the impact Americans feel on the purchasing power of those incomes. Once inflation is included, wages are down on a year-over-year basis by about 4% between July 2021 and July 2022. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says President Trump "has ended up attracting larger numbers of people coming to the United States presenting themselves for asylum status at our border than we've ever seen.
Speaker: richard durbin
About the speaker: Dick Durbin in the senior U.S. senator from Illinois and the Democratic majority whip.
Date: July 11, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: immigration;corrections and updates
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Durbin said Trump "has ended up attracting larger numbers of people coming to the United States presenting themselves for asylum status at our border than we’ve ever seen." Despite some limitations, federal data does suggest the number of credible fear claims made by migrants seeking asylum at the southwest border has hit a record high. However, Durbin’s argument that Trump caused the increase remains unproven and overlooks many other factors experts said could be at play. We rate his  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. Correction: A previous version of this fact-check identified Durbin as a three-term senator. It has been updated to reflect he is currently serving his fourth term.
Statement: During the debate, Kamala Harris said President Donald Trump "did not appoint minorities to the courts.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: October 8, 2020
Location: national
Topics: race and ethnicity;florida
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The Republican Party of Florida said Harris said Trump "did not appoint minorities to the courts." The party distorted what Harris said at the debate. Harris accurately said that Trump had not nominated any Black Americans to serve on the federal courts of appeal. The GOP singled out three federal district court nominees who are either minorities or women and one nomination of an Hispanic woman who is an appeals court judge.  It still does not prove that Harris fibbed at the debate. We rate this  . RELATED STORY: Fact-checking the 2020 vice presidential debate, Kamala Harris vs. Mike Pence
Statement: The Keystone XL pipeline "would have produced 830,000 barrels of oil per day, more than enough to offset what we import from Russia.
Speaker: jake laturner
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Jake LaTurner, R-Kan., was elected to the House in 2020. He previously served as a Kansas state senator and as the state treasurer.
Date: February 25, 2022
Topics: energy;trade;ad watch;russia
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: LaTurner said in an ad: The Keystone XL pipeline "would have produced 830,000 barrels of oil per day, more than enough to offset what we import from Russia. President Biden's energy agenda has strengthened Putin at the expense of hard-working Kansans." The transport capacity of the Keystone XL pipeline, which Biden canceled, would have been about 830,000 barrels per day — more than the amount of oil being imported to the United States from Russia. But it’s not as simple as substituting one source for the other.  The pipeline would have required years of construction and likely faced legal challenges, so it couldn’t have solved today’s demand needs. Even in the future, there would be no certainty that the pipeline could produce a net increase of 800,000 barrels a day, rather than just transporting oil from Canada that is currently being transported some other way. Nor would producers be obligated to sell that entire amount to the U.S. We rate the statement .
Statement: The boilermakers union has endorsed me because I sat down with them and went into great detail with leadership [about] exactly what I would do.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 15, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;pennsylvania
Context: a town hall
Fact-check justification: Second, Local 154, the Pittsburgh area chapter mentioned during the town hall, endorsed Trump.   Third, the boilermakers did not endorse Biden twice in the past as his campaign said.   And fourth, the Biden campaign provided no  that he "sat down" with the union’s leaders as he said.   Biden’s statement is not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: China has "had now the worst year in 57 years.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 9, 2019
Location: national
Topics: china;economy
Context: Fayetteville, N.C
Fact-check justification: Trump said China has "had now the worst year in 57 years." China’s GDP recently grew at its slowest quarterly rate in 27 years, and it is projected to grow at its slowest yearly rate in 29 years. So China’s economy is slowing. But it’s not at its worst point in 57 years.  We rate this statement .
Statement: mRNA Vaccines Show No Mortality Benefit - Danish Study
Speaker: youtube videos
About the speaker: Videos uploaded to YouTube.
Date: April 26, 2022
Location: national
Topics: public health;science;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: A video circulating on social media claims that a Danish study found that mRNA vaccines offer "no mortality benefit." This is an oversimplification that doesn’t accurately reflect the preprint study, which was not peer reviewed. Researchers used clinical trial data to see how the different COVID-19 vaccines reduced deaths from all causes. They found that adenovirus-vector vaccines appeared to protect against non-accident, non-COVID-19 deaths, while mRNA vaccines didn’t have much of an impact. They said more research is needed.  The research didn’t conclude that mRNA vaccines were ineffective at protecting people from dying of COVID-19.  We rate this .
Statement: At his father's bank, Alexi made tens of millions in risky loans to convicted mobsters. Then, the bank collapsed.
Speaker: mark kirk
About the speaker: Mark Kirk is a U.S. senator from Illinois, having defeated Democratic State Treasurer Alexi Giannoulias for the seat formerly occupied by President Barack Obama in 2010. Kirk was formerly a U.S. congressman from Illinois’ 10th district.
Date: June 30, 2010
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;economy;crime;message machine 2010
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: As for Giorango, his relationship with Broadway Bank began long before Giannoulias came on board. But as the Chicago Tribune detailed, the bank made Giorango an additional $20 million in new loans while Giannoulias was a senior loan officer. There's no  Giannouias approved the loans, but he did some work on them. Still, we think it's awfully  to suggest losses on risky loans to convicted felons led to the bank's demise (though they certainly didn't help). In all, we think that all shakes out to a .
Statement: Georgia has the most lax gun laws in the nation.
Speaker: donzella james
About the speaker: Donzella James, a Democrat, represents portions of Douglas and Fulton counties in the Georgia Senate. She is a member of the Education and Youth, Special Judiciary, Economic Development, and State and Local Governmental Operations committees.
Date: March 4, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: guns
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: The senator said, "We know that Georgia has the most lax laws (for) carrying guns." From our review, Georgia is considered to have some lax gun laws. It’s possible from some of the changes proposed, Georgia could score lower in the future. But, for now, there are other states that are far more permissive. We rate James’  .
Statement: Says the NAACP endorsed Donald Trump in the 2020 election.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 7, 2019
Topics: candidate biography;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It’s also tagged "conservative fan fiction" and "satire." But on this Wordpress site called "Today Breaking News," the Daily World News story is stripped of that context. Same goes for this site called "Daily News Updates. "  The NAACP hasn’t yet endorsed a 2020 candidate, but on Dec. 5 it published this story on its website: "NAACP applauds call for articles of impeachment against Donald Trump. "   We rate these posts !
Statement: Says Sen. Chuck Schumer deleted a Feb. 5 tweet criticizing President Donald Trump's decision to ban some forms of travel to and from China.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: February 29, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: china;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: posts on Twitter and Facebook
Fact-check justification: I regret not verifying the authenticity of the deleted tweet before posting this. I’m declaring it a hoax." The tweet is . So it could never have been deleted. We rate this  !