chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Florida's proposed medical marijuana amendment "would make Florida one of the most lenient medical-marijuana states, allowing use for limitless 'other conditions' specified by any physician.
Speaker: pam bondi
About the speaker: Pam Bondi, a former Hillsborough County prosecutor, was elected Floriday Attorney General on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. After leaving office, she joined Ballard Partners lobbying firm in Washington D.C.
Date: October 24, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: drugs;health care;states;marijuana
Context: an initial brief to the Florida Supreme Court
Fact-check justification: Bondi’s office is arguing the proposed Florida Amendment is worded loosely enough in its definitions of what could be treated by the drug that it would put it in league with "the most lenient medical-marijuana states." The Florida proposal would allow doctors to make recommendations for marijuana use without getting approval from a designated state agency, a rare guideline. Only two states with medical marijuana laws, California and Massachusetts, allow patients to obtain cannabis this way. But if we look at the amendment’s approach to regulation, distribution and registration, it’s a different picture. Florida actually places plenty of restrictions on these categories, moving the proposal closer to the middle of the pack. Bondi’s brief didn’t focus on those other considerations. Some outside experts feel it’s a little  to say Florida will become "one of the most lenient medical-marijuana states" without explicitly couching it in terms of getting an unspecified condition approved for treatment with only a doctor’s written recommendation. We rate her statement .
Statement: It's proof of "voter fraud" that it takes some states days to count 2 million votes while Florida results were available on election night.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 11, 2022
Location: nevada
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks;florida;arizona
Context: a video shared on Instagram
Fact-check justification: A woman in a video shared on Instagram claimed that it’s proof of "voter fraud" that election results in other states take longer than Florida, where unofficial results were available on election night.  Florida law allows for early processing of mail-in ballots and, in many counties, machines speed up the processing of those ballots. Key races in Florida were also won by larger margins than races in Arizona and Nevada, which made it easier to call them earlier.  A record number of mail ballots were dropped off on Election Day at polling places in Maricopa County, Arizona — a practice that is not allowed in Florida. Those ballots take more time to process. And in Arizona and Nevada, voters have more time than Floridians to resolve any discrepancies with their ballots.  We rate these claims . RELATED: How days of vote counting became go-to ‘’ for  election fraud claims RELATED: Arizona’s widespread use of mail-in voting and close margins created longer wait for results
Statement: Says Debo Adegbile "was nominated to serve as a judge on the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals" and "was abruptly withdrawn by the administration.
Speaker: pat toomey
About the speaker: Pat Toomey is a U.S. senator from Pennsylvania, having won election to his seat in 2010 by defeating Democratic Rep. Joe Sestak. Toomey occupies the seat formerly held by Sen. Arlen Specter, to whom he narrowly lost in the 2004 Republican U.S. Senate primary.
Date: February 24, 2014
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;supreme court
Context: the "Wall Street Journal"
Fact-check justification: Toomey, along with Williams, wrote that "Adegbile was nominated to serve as a judge on the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. Months later that nomination was abruptly withdrawn by the administration." Adegbile was never nominated, a point Toomey’s office conceded. He was considered for the job by Obama, but only briefly and not formally. Presidents considered many names before making an official nomination. The distinction is important, because having to pull a nomination after it's formally made is a less frequent occurrence and a more significant setback for an administration. We rate this statement .
Statement: Studies show plastics can help combat climate change.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 16, 2022
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: America’s Plastic Makers claimed on Facebook that plastic can help combat climate change. It’s  that some studies have found that plastic packaging is less environmentally damaging than alternatives like glass and paper, but this doesn’t negate plastics' negative impact on human health and marine environment.  Instead of assessing which packaging to use, researchers said the focus should be on ramping up recycling and reuse practices. The topic is more complicated than the post suggests. We rate it .
Statement: Webster sponsored a bill to create a form of marriage that would trap women in abusive relationships.
Speaker: alan grayson
About the speaker: Alan Grayson was initially elected to Congress in 2008, then defeated for re-election in 2010. He was elected again to Congress from a different district in 2012. He lost the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate in Florida in 2016.
Date: October 6, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: marriage;message machine 2010;women
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: In his new ad, "The Facts," Grayson says "Webster sponsored a bill to create a form of marriage that would trap women in abusive relationships." In 1990, Webster sponsored HB 1585, which would create a new form of marriage called covenant marriage. If women agreed to form a covenant marriage, they would not be allowed to divorce because of physical or sexual abuse. The only out under Webster's legislation was adultery. We rate this updated  .
Statement: Democratic Sens. Ed Markey, Al Franken and Jeanne Shaheen "took Bribes From Iran … They Back Insane NUKE Deal.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 25, 2015
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;nuclear
Context: posts on the Internet
Fact-check justification: Posts on the Internet said that Markey, Franken and Shaheen "took bribes from Iran" on their way to supporting the nuclear agreement with Iran. The "bribes" in this case are campaign contributions, and there’s no  they are anything more than that. The donations came from a group of Iranian-Americans and not the government of Iran, and the allegation glosses over the fact that many top Republicans who oppose the nuclear deal also received the same type of support from the same group. This  is wildly . We rate it .
Statement: Says Ted Cruz's wife Heidi "will be the very first pro-life first lady.
Speaker: james dobson
About the speaker: James Dobson is an evangelical leader who founded the conservative Christian group Focus on the Family.
Date: November 21, 2015
Location: colorado
Topics: abortion
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: In the Ted Cruz campaign ad, James Dobson says, "His wife, Heidi, will be the very first pro-life first lady." In support of the , the campaign provided an article stating that all first ladies since the 1973  Roe vs. Wade  decision have supported a woman’s choice on abortion. That is accurate. Yet, Dobson’s  went further, stating that Mrs. Cruz would be the " very first  pro-life first lady" -- the first in American history. Experts say it’s difficult to confirm or refute the  because, while abortion has always been a controversial subject, before  Roe vs. Wade  it was also illegal. None of the experts we spoke with could cite a first lady publicly commenting on the issue before  Roe vs. Wade , except for Jacqueline Kennedy and Lady Bird Johnson. This raises the possibility that other first ladies may have opposed abortion earlier in the country’s history, but never expressed it publicly. With that caveat, we rate the  .
Statement: Says U.S. Rep. Steve Southerland "voted himself health care for life.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: September 30, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: elections;health care
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: The DCCC says Southerland "voted himself health care for life." This is a campaign tactic the Democrats have used before, referring to how members of Congress would get to fall back to the Federal Employee Health Benefit Program should Obamacare be repealed and its insurance marketplaces be shuttered. This federal program doesn’t last for life, but only as long as a member of Congress or an aide works for the federal government. It also switches over to Medicare when a lawmaker still in office turns 65. We rate this  !
Statement: The White House is won in the swing states, and I am winning the swing states.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: May 13, 2008
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: Charleston, W.Va
Fact-check justification: Obama has also won six -- Virginia, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Colorado and Washington. And he's favored to win Oregon's primary on May 20. So to recap the score: Clinton 6, Obama 6 (plus Oregon if he wins as expected). That doesn't sound like she's "winning" the swing states. She's exaggerating her strength in those states, so we find her statement to be .
Statement: Says Marco Rubio "skipped 18 defense votes including one to arm the Kurds to fight ISIS.
Speaker: keep the promise 1 pac
About the speaker: Keep the Promise 1 is a PAC supporting Ted Cruz for president.
Date: March 6, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: military;voting record
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A pro-Cruz PAC said that Marco Rubio "skipped 18 defense votes, including one to arm the Kurds to fight ISIS." The ad is  because it omits that the 18 votes related to the same bill: the National Defense Authorization Act, a comprehensive defense bill. The ad also omits that Rubio voted for the overall bill, which passed the Senate. The majority of the skipped votes were amendments, while many others were procedural or related to votes after the bill passed the Senate. The ad also omits that Cruz voted against the bill. We rate this  .
Statement: Democrats have now become the party of the [Atlanta] metro area and of blacks.
Speaker: alan powell
About the speaker: Alan Powell, a Republican, is a member of the Georgia House of Representatives
Date: November 1, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: About 78,000 participated in the Georgia primary last year, and there are six in the Georgia Legislature. But when compared with the hundreds of thousands of rural Republican voters, rural white Democrats seem to have much in common with the panda and the gray wolf -- their range is restricted and their numbers are thin. We conclude that Powell was correct in that the vast majority of Democratic voters are African-Americans or whites from metro areas. He did have to clarify his position by saying he meant to include major metro areas outside of Atlanta. We rate his statement as .
Statement: Says a photo shows a gas-powered van towing a diesel generator that is charging an electric car.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 11, 2019
Topics: energy;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An image shared on Facebook comes with the  that a gas-powered van is towing a diesel-powered generator that is charging an electric car. The only oil-based product in the photo is the van, which runs on diesel. In tow is a mobile lithium battery pack used to charge stranded electric vehicles. We rate this .
Statement: Says U.S. Rep. John Carter "hasn't held a town hall in five years.
Speaker: m.j. hegar
About the speaker: M.J. Hegar is the 2020 Democratic nominee to challenge U.S. Sen. John Cornyn in Texas. She is an Air Force veteran who challenged U.S. Rep. John Carter in 2018 and came within three percentage points. 
Date: August 21, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;congress
Context: an interview on Spectrum Cable's "Capital Tonight"
Fact-check justification: Hegar said Carter "hasn’t held a town hall in five years." As Hegar maintained, it looks like Carter hasn't hosted a traditional in-person town hall any time recently. Yet he holds tele-town halls, makes Facebook Live appearances and talks at meetings hosted by local groups. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Human meat found in McDonald's meat factory
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 3, 2017
Topics: food;food safety;punditfact
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: The lab got a combined 258 meat and veggie sample patties from different retailers and fast food chains in Northern California and tested them for missing or unexpected ingredients. Out of the 258 test samples they found that one burger contained a minute trace of DNA that was likely left by a factory worker who came into contact with the product. The report does not disclose where each sample was from but it does explain that the patty found with the human DNA was a veggie burger, a menu item that is not served in American McDonald’s. Don’t believe this fast food factoid because it’s  news. We rate this statement !
Statement: If Governor Cooper's proposed bill for repealing HB2 becomes law, it will create a state-sanctioned 'Look But Don't Touch' policy in our bathrooms.
Speaker: dan forest
About the speaker: Dan Forest is North Carolina's Lieutenant Governor.
Date: February 14, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: criminal justice;crime;lgbtq;public safety;states;privacy issues
Context: a written statement
Fact-check justification: Lt. Gov. Dan Forest said that Cooper’s HB2 repeal bill, if it passes, "will create a state-sanctioned 'Look But Don't Touch' policy in our bathrooms" with no laws in place to protect women from predatory men. In reality, there are at least half a dozen laws protecting people from the type of scenarios Forest wrongly said would become consequence-free. Cooper even suggested creating stronger penalties for some of them. Forest defended his  by saying cities would start letting transgender people in bathrooms of the gender with which they identify. That's not what Cooper proposed, however. And even if it does happen, it’s a local government decision, not a "state-sanctioned" policy. And even in that case, one of Forest’s hypothetical concerns is clearly baseless, and the other is unclear at best. We rate this  !
Statement: Marjorie Taylor Greene was raided by Joe Biden's DOJ last night.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 24, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: They said they were trying to "SWAT" her, according to the incident report .   The report said the suspect claimed to be connected to a website that supports cyberstalking and stated their username. But the Daily Dot reported that the username "belongs to an admin on the site known for doxxing, swatting, and anti-transgender posts, suggesting that the caller’s alleged motives and identity may have been fabricated. "   At any rate, there’s no  to support the  that the DOJ raided Greene’s home. We rate that  .
Statement: When President Obama was running for re-election … Senator Sanders was trying to find someone to primary him.
Speaker: martin o'malley
About the speaker: Martin O'Malley is the former governor of Maryland who is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He has also served as the mayor of Baltimore.
Date: November 6, 2015
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: the South Democratic Presidential forum
Fact-check justification: O’Malley said, "When President Obama was running for re-election … Sen. Sanders was trying to find someone to primary him." As a sitting senator, Sanders' comments at a minimum were provocative: He didn't think it was a bad idea for a candidate to run against Obama in the primary. He spoke positively of such a scenario several times. When Sanders endorsed Obama, Sanders said it was because Obama was preferable to Romney. That doesn’t mean Sanders was actively searching for a candidate to actually run against Obama. We rate O’Malley’s  .
Statement: The home-mortgage deduction is widely thought to be "a middle-class benefit. It's not -- 73 percent of it goes to people making a quarter-million dollars or more a year.
Speaker: tom coburn
About the speaker: Tom Coburn is a former U.S. Senator from Oklahoma and a physician.
Date: December 11, 2014
Location: national
Topics: housing;income;taxes
Context: an interview with CNN
Fact-check justification: Coburn said 73 percent of the benefits of the mortgage-interest deduction "goes to people making a quarter-million dollars or more a year." In reality, 73 percent of the mortgage-interest deduction benefits go to those making a little over $100,000 a year, not $250,000 a year. That’s still a large amount of the benefit going to a relatively high-income group, but it’s not as high as Coburn indicated. In reality, 73 percent of the benefits are sent to the top-earning 20 percent of taxpayers, rather than to top 5 percent, as Coburn suggested. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Kansas U.S. House candidate Paul Davis was caught with a stripper during a drug raid and later voted to "allow strip clubs to open near homes, churches, schools and daycare facilities.
Speaker: congressional leadership fund
About the speaker: The Congressional Leadership Fund is a super PAC exclusively dedicated to protecting and strengthening the Republican Majority in the House of Representatives.
Date: September 19, 2018
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: The Congressional Leadership Fund ad says that Kansas U.S. House candidate Paul Davis was caught with a stripper during a drug raid and later voted to allow strip clubs to open near homes, churches, schools and daycares. The ad is piecing together two unrelated issues to draw an unsavory conclusion, while embellishing parts of the story. Davis did not vote to allow strip clubs to open near schools, churches, daycares and the like. He once voted against a measure that would have banned them from opening near these places. He also once voted for the same proposal. The ad’s  that he was found in a strip club during a drug raid is accurate, but any suggestion he was connected to the drug raid is misplaced. Overall, this  is partially accurate but takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Says President Abraham Lincoln "tried to arm the slaves.
Speaker: andrew napolitano
About the speaker: Andrew Napolitano is a Fox News political commentator and legal analyst.
Date: March 11, 2014
Topics: history;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "The Daily Show"
Fact-check justification: Napolitano said that Lincoln tried to arm the slaves. Napolitano provided no supporting proof and no historian we contacted knew of any such effort by the president. The Union efforts to strip Confederate slave owners of their legal claims to enslaved people ultimately led to the formation of units of black soldiers. While these men might not have enjoyed clear legal status as free men, they could not be called slaves. We rate the  .
Statement: A photo shows Democratic U.S. Rep. Maxine Waters and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi posing and smiling in front of a Trump 2020 sign.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 27, 2020
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A reverse-image search led us to the original photo, which doesn’t include the sign, and was shared by Waters in a tweet on Feb. 17, 2018:   Last week, the @american_heart and Congressional Caucus for Women hosted the annual congressional wear red day photo! pic.twitter.com/AXewJPPU3S Pelosi and Waters were wearing red as part of the American Heart Association’s "Go Red For Women" movement, which aims to increase women’s heart health awareness and end heart disease and stroke in women. This photo is doctored. We rate it !
Statement: When ICE releases illegal immigrants, "a lot of those people are not from Honduras and Mexico. They're from Iraq and Somalia and Russia.
Speaker: ben carson
About the speaker: Dr. Ben Carson is President Donald Trump's secretary for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. A retired pediatric neurosurgeon, Carson ran as a Republican for president in 2016. He owns homes in West Palm Beach and Maryland.
Date: September 25, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: Values Voter Summit
Fact-check justification: Carson says that when ICE releases illegal immigrants "a lot of those people are not from Honduras and Mexico. They’re from Iraq and Somalia and Russia." Carson pointed to information from just one sheriff in Arizona, and even here he garbled the information -- the sheriff criticized the federal government for releasing three criminal illegal immigrants from Iraq, Russia and Sudan, not Somalia. When we looked at the broad sweep of data, we saw nothing to indicate that the three countries Carson cited account for a significant share of illegal immigrants. We rate this  .