chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Homicides last year increased by 17 percent in America's 50 largest cities. That's the largest increase in 25 years.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 21, 2016
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: Cleveland
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Homicides last year increased by 17 percent in America’s 50 largest cities. That’s the largest increase in 25 years." The statement comes from a credible source -- calculations made by the Washington Post . However, in painting a bleak picture, Trump cherry-picks the Post’s overall findings -- and makes mistakes criminologists warn about. The Post article acknowledged that FBI data found a smaller increase in recent years, with contradictory results for many cities. And experts caution against putting too much stock in short-term changes, since year-to-year data can be volatile for hard-to-discern reasons. Lost in Trump’s formulation is that, overall, violent crime has been falling consistently for about a quarter century. The statement contains an element of  but ignores facts that would give a different impression, so we rate his  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/729fe9ae-3336-4971-8c96-52b25f6b4e25
Statement: Says Dominion Voting System flipped votes to Joe Biden in states where Trump is bringing legal challenges.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 11, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Viral social media posts  that the 2020 presidential election is compromised because Dominion Voting Systems flipped votes to favor Joe Biden. This is . There is no credible  that the system affected any vote counts. Minor problems, including human error and temporary machine malfunctions, took place in a few jurisdictions and did not impact vote tabulations. We rate this !
Statement: A lot of people are still dealing with lack of access to health care. There are counties out there, in my former Senate district, that didn't have doctors and providers.
Speaker: troy balderson
About the speaker: Troy Balderson is a Republican member of the U.S. House representing Ohio District 12. 
Date: October 20, 2018
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Balderson said that "a lot of people are still dealing with lack of access to health care." He then spoke specifically about people in his former Ohio Senate district. It is  that a number of them dealt with changes, especially in the counties we mentioned. Nearly half of all Ohio counties, each in a small market, wound up with only a single ACA carrier this year. For some people, that changed their access to the doctors and hospitals they preferred. Yet things will improve for many in 2019. And even counting all the changes since the ACA began, many more people have health coverage now than before. This has been part of the ACA’s push and pull from the start. If you are a constituent who lost access to your preferred insurer or provider, you might have called Balderson to urge him to fight for change. If you are a citizen who got health care because of the ACA, you might have joined a protest in hopes Congress will leave it alone. That’s why we rate his  .
Statement: Says 50 million people would lose their health insurance if Obamacare is repealed.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 3, 2012
Location: national
Topics: debates;health care
Context: a presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Obama said in the debate that by repealing Obamacare, "you're looking at 50 million people losing health insurance." He didn’t say so, but that figure is based on projections for a decade down the road, and it applies to people who don't have insurance now. If Romney repeals the health care law, some of those people will not have actually gotten coverage. And, only about 30 million to 32.9 million people would lose coverage by 2022 if Obamacare was simply repealed. An additional 18 million people might lose coverage if Romney achieves his plan of converting Medicaid to a block grant, according to some studies. Obama’s number assumes the worst about the possible effect of Romney’s plan, whose stated purpose is to get more people covered. And some critics say the promise of Obamacare is inflated -- that not so many people will gain coverage, therefore not so many would lose it if the law is repealed. Obama is right that repealing the health care law will result in millions losing coverage, but his statement is an oversimplification of long-term projections and includes more than just a simple repeal of the 2010 law. On balance, we rate Obama’s statement .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton and Tim Kaine "want to expand (Obamacare) into a single-payer program.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: October 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: drugs;health care;history
Context: the 2016 Vice Presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Pence said Clinton and Kaine "want to expand (Obamacare) into a single-payer program," suggesting that they have proposed such a change. They have not. They have promoted a public option, which would be a government-sponsored insurance plan. A lot of Democrats, such as Bernie Sanders, would like to go in that direction. But throughout the current campaign, Clinton has consistently resisted that suggestion, saying she would work to prevent the repeal of Obamacare and try to improve on it. No one would be surprised if Clinton pushed for single payer if it became politically practical, but none of her campaign statements are calling for that. We rate Pence's statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/9c96e957-1429-4062-b0a0-e96538007969
Statement: Says Ted Cruz "was just bribed by the Kochs to introduce a bill that would give them and their allies America's national forests, parks, and other public lands and open them for mining, drilling, fracking and logging.
Speaker: occupy democrats
About the speaker: Occupy Democrats, founded in 2012, is an advocacy group created to counterbalance the Republican tea party, and to "give President Obama and other progressive Democrats a Congress that will work with them to grow the economy, create jobs, promote fairness and fight inequality, and get money out of politics!"
Date: July 11, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: environment;campaign finance;candidate biography;crime
Context: a Facebook photo post
Fact-check justification: Occupy Democrats said Cruz "was just bribed by the Kochs to introduce a bill that would give them and their allies America’s national forests, parks, and other public lands and open them for mining, drilling, fracking and logging." If excess federal lands were put up for auction, as possible under Cruz’s amendment, anyone including the Kochs could perhaps purchase the lands and then, as the owners, possibly chop down trees, drill for oil and the like. All this said, this group failed to provide (nor did we find)  of a bribe or any Koch-linked inducement causing Cruz to present his proposal nor did we find confirmation his proposal came about so pristine federal lands could be exploited. Campaign contributions aren’t bribes and suspicions aren’t facts. We rate this unsupported and   !
Statement: The American Rescue Plan "helped create nearly 10 million new jobs.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: August 16, 2022
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: remarks at the White House
Fact-check justification: Biden said the American Rescue Plan "helped create nearly 10 million new jobs." Economists agree that the law probably helped boost job creation. But Biden’s 10 million figure is an exaggeration. Analysts with the Congressional Budget Office projected that, even without the law, about 8 million jobs would be added to the economy through the end of 2022. With five months still to go until year’s end, the U.S. is running at about 1.6 million new jobs above that projection, with perhaps more to come. Whether all 1.6 million of those excess jobs created resulted from the American Rescue Plan is open to debate, but even if they all did, it’s well short of 10 million. Biden gets credit for saying the law "helped" job growth, but his supporting data is exaggerated. We rate this statement .
Statement: House Speaker "Kevin McCarthy has quietly implemented a pay raise for members (of Congress) that could be $30,000+ per person. It circumvents the Constitution by instead reimbursing their rent, utilities, & meals.
Speaker: brian tyler cohen
About the speaker: Brian Tyler Cohen is a political commentator who hosts the podcast "No Lie with Brian Tyler Cohen"
Date: May 3, 2023
Topics: congress;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Cohen wrote that McCarthy "has quietly implemented a pay raise for members (of Congress) that could be $30,000+ per person. It circumvents the Constitution by instead reimbursing their rent, utilities, & meals." The House’s rule change is not accurately described as a pay raise. Rather, for the first time, lawmakers can be reimbursed for living expenses in Washington, D.C., the same type of reimbursements that private-sector employers regularly give workers. And the reimbursements will have to come from the existing pot of money congressional members are given to pay for office staff and other expenses. There is no "pay raise." McCarthy did not spearhead the change. It was set in motion when Democrats controlled Congress and advanced through two committees with strong bipartisan support. The 27th Amendment bars lawmakers from passing a law that raises their pay, but the change wasn’t to a law. It’s also unclear whether the newly allowable reimbursements would qualify as compensation prohibited by the amendment. Cohen refers to a real change the House made in recent months, but he mischaracterizes it in several ways. We rate the statement .
Statement: In Wisconsin, the stimulus paid for a bridge to a bar called Rusty's Backwater Saloon. They've got great burgers, but no new jobs.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: July 2, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: In fact, it's not even the main access point for Rusty's. And as for the project not creating jobs, we think Ellie Mae's sniffer is a bit off there too. The main point of the stimulus wasn't so much to create burger-flipping jobs on the other end of bridge construction projects, but to to create jobs for people doing the bridge work itself, thereby creating an economic ripple effect. And according to a Wisconsin highway official, at least a dozen construction workers will be used to replace the bridge. But because some people may use the bridge to get to Rusty's, and because there's a legitimate argument to be made that many small, rural and  used bridges got stimulus money while other bigger (arguably more important) projects were ineligible, we'll give Boehner a .
Statement: Operating a health care exchange would be "illegal" in Georgia and some states because of legislation passed in those states.
Speaker: michael cannon
About the speaker: Michael Cannon is the director of the Cato Institute's health policy studies. He previously served as a domestic policy analyst for the U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee under Chairman Larry E. Craig, according to the institute's website.
Date: November 9, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: To sum up, Cannon wrote that creating a health care exchange under the 2010 federal health care law would be "illegal" in Georgia and 13 other states. He wrote that those states have legislation that precludes "implementing Obamacare’s individual and employer mandates." The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the individual mandate was allowable under the Constitution. The experts we spoke to and others note federal law supersedes state law here. We rate this  .
Statement: The government is arming up the IRS because "Joe Biden is raising taxes and disarming Americans.
Speaker: matt gaetz
About the speaker: Matt Gaetz was elected to Congress in 2016 representing Florida's 1st District. He was elected to the Florida House of Representatives serving District 4 in 2010. His father is former Sen. Don Gaetz.
Date: August 4, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: congress;federal budget;military;taxes
Context: interview with Tucker Carlson on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Gaetz claimed that the government is arming up the IRS because the president is raising taxes and disarming Americans, citing the amount of money spent on ammunition by the agency this year. But there’s been no significant increase in spending on ammunition, and Gaetz ignores that the IRS Criminal Investigation division has existed for more than a century and that the weapons and ammunition are for those law enforcement officers. That division had fewer special agents in 2021 than it had in 2017, but the number of agents has stayed about the same for decades. The $725,000 the division spent this year on ammunition, much of which is used for agents’ firearms training, is only slightly more than was spent in recent years and less than was spent a decade ago. There is no  this continued tradition of spending by the IRS has any connection to Biden’s positions on taxes and gun restrictions. We rate this  . RELATED: Kevin McCarthy’s   about an army of 87,000 IRS agents
Statement: This year West Virginia produced more AmeriCorps members than any other state.
Speaker: joe manchin
About the speaker: Joe Manchin is a U.S. senator from West Virginia. The former governor of West Virginia won a special election in November 2010 to complete the balance of the late Sen. Robert Byrd’s term.
Date: August 8, 2018
Location: national
Topics: poverty
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Manchin tweeted, "This year West Virginia produced more AmeriCorps members than any other state." AmeriCorps data confirms West Virginia’s first-place rating per capita for 2018, the first time the state ranked first since the agency began publishing the data in 2015. We rate the statement .
Statement: Today in America, between 40 and 50 percent of all African-American babies, virtually 1-in-2, are killed before they are born.
Speaker: trent franks
About the speaker: Trent Franks is a Republican member of the U.S. House representing a district in Arizona.
Date: April 14, 2016
Location: arizona
Topics: abortion
Context: a legislative hearing
Fact-check justification: Franks said, "Today in America, between 40 and 50 percent of all African-American babies, virtually 1-in-2 are killed before they are born." Data suggests a disparity in the number of abortions performed on African-American women than other races. But saying that "between 40 and 50 percent of all African-American babies" are aborted goes beyond the limits of the data. Federal data doesn’t account for all 50 states, and fails to factor in pregnancies that end in a miscarriage. Private data is based on surveys and is years out of date. We rate Franks’  as . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/495aa314-3469-48b1-9c22-2a846a816891
Statement: The Mormon religion has "a plan that will see the Constitution thrown out and replaced by a theocracy.
Speaker: freedom defense advocates
About the speaker: Freedom Defense Advocates is a political action committee based in Lynchburg, Va.
Date: December 22, 2007
Location: national
Topics: religion
Fact-check justification: There is absolutely no place for these attacks in American politics. Governor Romney isn't going to dwell on attacks from his opponents. Rather, his campaign is about the issues that are important to the American people, and bringing conservative change to Washington." As for the facts behind the  that the Mormon religion wants to see the Constitution revoked and the government run by Mormon religious leaders, we find a decided lack of concrete . And given the extreme nature of the , we must give it our  ruling.
Statement: The very first meal on the surface of the moon was the Holy Communion.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 20, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: history;pop culture;religion;space
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: He asked for a few moments of silence "to invite each person listening in, wherever and whomever they may be, to pause for a moment and contemplate the events of the past few hours, and to give thanks in his or her own way." To sum up, a Facebook post claimed that NASA astronaut Buzz Aldrin took Communion on the moon.   Several sources, including NASA records and Aldrin’s memoirs, include accounts of the Communion service. PolitiFact also discovered that Aldrin’s church, outside of Houston, still celebrates the lunar Communion service each year on the Sunday closest to the July 20, 1969, moon landing. We rate the Facebook Communion  .
Statement: As CEO of WWE, Linda McMahon "was caught tipping off a ringside physician" about a federal investigation into illegally distributing steroids to wrestlers.
Speaker: democratic senatorial campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee works to elect Democrats to the U.S. Senate.
Date: October 21, 2010
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;message machine 2010
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: But again, the ad doesn't say she did. The ad merely says she tipped off the ringside physician about an investigation. She did, according to her own memo. And Zahorian was later convicted of distributing steroids to some of her WWF wrestlers. We rate the ad .
Statement: Cops in Norway: require 3 years of training, 4 people killed since 2002. Cops in Finland: require 2 years of training, 7 people killed since 2000. Cops in Iceland: require 2 years of training, 1 person killed since ever. Cops in the U.S.: require 21 weeks of training, 8,000+ people killed since 2001.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 8, 2020
Topics: corrections and updates;criminal justice;crime;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post compared the number of fatal gun-related police encounters and the length of police training in three Nordic countries and the U.S. "Cops in Norway: require 3 years of training, 4 people killed since 2002. Cops in Finland: require 2 years of training, 7 people killed since 2000. Cops in Iceland: require 2 years of training, 1 person killed since ever. Cops in the U.S.: require 21 weeks of training, 8,000+ people killed since 2001." The numbers in this  were partly accurate. Finland’s police training takes longer than two years, and it had two more police-related deaths. The claims about U.S. policing were the most . Police academies and departments usually require more than 21 weeks of training and estimates for fatal police shootings point to about 20,000 deaths in the past 20 years. What’s missing most from the post, however, is context. The rate of gun violence and gun ownership is higher in the U.S. than in these other countries. Research has also shown that fatal police shootings are the result of a combination of factors and are not limited to time spent in police training alone. Experts say there needs to be structural U.S. policing reform, not just more time spent intraining. We rate this  . Correction, June 22, 2020 :  Finland has a high homicide rate compared to most  Nordic countries , but it does not have the highest homicide rate in Europe. Homicides in the U.S. are four times as high as in Finland's, according to 2017 data. An earlier version of this story was  on these two points.
Statement: Democrats are nowhere to be found on DACA.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 5, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted, "Democrats are nowhere to be found on DACA." This fact-check isn't about assigning blame to a political party for the lack of a DACA deal. In reality, both political parties likely bear some responsibility. But Trump underplays and ignores the efforts of Democrats to reach a solution to help Dreamers, including meetings with Trump, bipartisan proposals, and a stated willingness to discuss border wall funding.  We rate Trump’s  .