chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Many March for Our Lives speakers called for "the murder of those who would not turn over their guns to the government.
Speaker: beverly boswell
About the speaker: Beverly Boswell represents NC House District 6 and works as a phlebotomist
Date: March 27, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Boswell said "many speakers" at the March for Our Lives rallies were calling for "the murder of those who would not turn over their guns to the government." She didn’t provide any  to back up her , and PolitiFact found no . We rate this  .
Statement: National Guard storms Mexico border, makes game-changing impact in just 30 days
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 14, 2018
Topics: immigration;fake news;homeland security;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: A Viral WDC story said, "National Guard storms Mexico border, makes game-changing impact in just 30 days." Officials have said that the deployment of the National Guard to the border has contributed to the apprehension of 1,600 people. The Viral WDC story said the deployment was a "major game-changing incident" and that it allowed the arrest of "1,600 extra people." While the National Guard’s support has enabled more agents to be on the ground to apprehend immigrants, it’s unclear if these are "extra" apprehensions or simply following the previous months’ trend. We rate the statement .
Statement: Fact: Hillary Clinton received 80% of the vote in Pittsburgh.
Speaker: bill peduto
About the speaker: Bill Peduto is the mayor of Pittsburgh.
Date: June 1, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said he was elected to represent people from Pittsburgh, not Paris, when explaining why he decided to withdraw the U.S. from a global climate deal. Pittsburgh’s mayor, Bill Peduto, responded by tweeting that Hillary Clinton received 80 percent of the vote in Pittsburgh. Clinton received 75 percent of the vote. That’s pretty close; Clinton did win the city by an overwhelming number. We rate this statement .
Statement: Gov. Rick Scott "tried to kick 180,000 people off the voter rolls.
Speaker: moveon.org
About the speaker: MoveOn.org is a left-leaning political advocacy group. It endorsed Sen. Barack Obama for the Democratic nomination.
Date: June 27, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: elections;message machine 2012
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: MoveOn.org said, "Republican Governor Rick Scott tried to kick 180,000 people off the voter rolls in his state...." The 180,000 was the state’s starting point for gathering data on potential noncitizens. But the state forwarded less than 2 percent of that list -- about 2,600 -- to the counties for further review. Also, state officials were careful to say that the list was " potential " noncitizens and asked counties to contact those registered voters for proof of citizenship. That means the county officials had the power to decide whether anyone should be kicked off the list. MoveOn wildly exaggerated the number of voters that Scott tried to "kick off" -- it wasn’t close to 180,000. It was 2,600. If the state had forwarded the full list of 180,000 names, or even close to that number, MoveOn would have been on more solid ground. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Rick Scott signed "laws requiring mandatory ultrasounds and restricting access to abortion even in cases of rape or incest.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: October 1, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: abortion;health care;women
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Crist said in an ad that Scott signed "laws requiring mandatory ultrasounds and restricting access to abortion even in cases of rape or incest." Scott signed a law in 2011 that requires ultrasounds for all women before they get an abortion, and in 2014 he signed a law that stated women could not have an abortion after the point of viability. That means women could not have an abortion about two weeks earlier than before. The only stated exception was to save the woman's life.  However, the previous law didn’t expressly include those exceptions either, though it had broad language that could potentially have been used to seek abortion for a rape or incest survivor in the third trimester. No woman, though, has had an abortion in Florida during the third trimester for any reason in recent years, even before the new law. The statement is accurate, but needs additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: Says Sen. Cory Booker wants to require a federal license for gun owners but criticizes voter ID laws as discriminatory.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 2, 2019
Topics: voter id laws;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral image on Facebook says Sen. Cory Booker has called for a federal license and ID for gun owners, but opposed voter ID laws.  There’s no  Booker used the exact words in the , but in broad strokes, the  accurately represents his positions. Booker has introduced legislation that would create a federal license requirement to own a gun. He has also criticized restrictive voter ID laws, saying they "targeted people of color" and are responsible for denying people their right to vote. We rate this  .
Statement: Photos show the inside of the BOK Center during Donald Trump's rally in Tulsa.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 21, 2020
Topics: corrections and updates;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: And, finally, we couldn’t find the original version of the seventh photo in the Facebook post. But following the lead of a Facebook commenter who debunked most of another post claiming to show crowds in Tulsa, it appears to show Rolling Thunder motorcycle riders in a Virginia parking lot in 2019.   Six out of the seven images in this post claiming to show the crowds at Trump’s Tulsa rally are not from Trump’s Tulsa rally. The sole image from that event isn’t immediately visible in the post; social media users must click through to see it.   We rate this post .
Statement: Donald Trump plans to step down as President of the United States and resign from office within the next 30 days.
Speaker: stgeorgegazette.com
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: June 29, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: an Internet post
Fact-check justification: It’s another Horner staple to use that number: The Ryan article cites the same number as a hotline set up by the White House for people to comment on Trump’s resignation. There’s otherwise no contact information for the website. We reached out to Horner, who responded to us with a cheeky reply on Facebook, but did not address this particular story. The story is made up, in any case. We rate it !
Statement: No one questioned that she (Judge Sotomayor) was out of the mainstream.
Speaker: charles schumer
About the speaker: Charles Schumer is a Democratic senator from New York and the Senate majority leader.
Date: April 11, 2010
Location: national
Topics: supreme court;this week - abc news
Context: ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: • A June 29, 2009, story in Roll Call noted that talking points prepared for House and Senate Republicans urged members to make the case that Sotomayor's written statements, rulings and speeches "show an out of the mainstream view of the role of a judge." Perhaps Schumer's comment was one part hyperbole - that what he meant was "hardly anyone" claimed Sotomayor was out of the mainstream. But we're sticklers for words, and Schumer's absolute  that "no one questioned that she was out of the mainstream" isn't accurate. We understand that "out of the mainstream" is a subjective term, but the fact is that a number of Republican senators used that exact phrase. We rule Schumer's statement .
Statement: Says Scott Brown "co-sponsored legislation to let employers deny women coverage for birth control.
Speaker: jeanne shaheen
About the speaker: Jeanne Shaheen is a Senator from New Hampshire.
Date: September 29, 2014
Location: new hampshire
Topics: health care;legal issues;women
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Shaheen said Brown "co-sponsored legislation to let employers deny women coverage for birth control." The amendment, which Brown supported, was written loosely enough to allow a religious-conscience opt-out for birth control -- an issue about which there has been a longstanding policy debate on religious and moral grounds. We rate the  .
Statement: Young people "have a greater chance of being killed by the HPV vaccine than COVID-19.
Speaker: jeff shipley
About the speaker: Jeff Shipley represents District 82 in the Iowa General Assembly. 
Date: April 28, 2020
Location: iowa
Topics: health care;public health;coronavirus
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: Shipley wrote that young people are more at risk from the HPV vaccine than COVID-19. Both the CDC and the WHO have concluded that no deaths have been caused by the HPV vaccine, while young people have died from COVID-19 in the U.S and in Iowa.  While young people are less at risk from the coronavirus than older people, adhering to social distancing protects people at risk of having greater complications from the coronavirus – including those who might not yet know they are at a higher risk. Moreover, Shipley conceded that he made the statement in order to start a discussion, not to give accurate information that could be taken literally. We rated Shipley’s  as .
Statement: The Graham-Cassidy health care bill does "include coverage of pre-existing conditions.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 21, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said the Graham-Cassidy bill does include coverage of pre-existing conditions. The bill does address pre-existing conditions, and if states want billions of dollars in federal aid, they must show they intend to keep coverage accessible and affordable. But the other parts of the bill allow states to give insurance companies a free hand in charging those people higher premiums. Professors who study the U.S. health care system said the bill’s language protecting people with pre-existing conditions is vague and subject to broad interpretation. Plus, they said the bill’s reduction in funds going to two-thirds of the states will make it harder for them to protect people with past health problems. Under no circumstances do the protections in the bill equal the ones Americans have today under the Affordable Care Act. They are less. There’s an element of  in Trump’s tweet but it obscures critical details. We rate this  .
Statement: In every poll," John Cornyn "always loses to any conservative the voters have heard about.
Speaker: steve stockman
About the speaker: Steve Stockman, a Republican from Friendswood, returned for a second term in the U.S. House in 2013 - 16 years after his first term. He unsuccessfully sought his party's U.S. Senate nomination in 2014.
Date: December 11, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: Stockman's campaign website
Fact-check justification: Stockman said: "In every poll," John Cornyn "always loses to any conservative the voters have heard about." In Stockman's favor, recent polling suggests Cornyn trailing Perry and Paul, two well-known Republicans, in hypothetical one-on-one matches. But polls also have shown Cornyn running ahead of Barton, Gohmert and Stockman. These Texans are almost certainly less known than Paul and Perry, both of whom ran for president. Yet Gohmert and Stockman are members of Congress and Barton has long been a grass-roots leader. We think it reasonable to consider each one a conservative that "voters have heard about," which makes Stockman’s statement .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: It's a myth that autism is genetic.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 15, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: As for the  that no adults in their 40s or 50s have autism? That data isn’t collected in any comprehensive way . The first estimates of adults living with autism weren’t released by the CDC until April 2020. A study estimated that, in 2017, an estimated 2.2% of adults in the United States have autism.   We rate this post .
Statement: Hillary Clinton "agreed with (John McCain) on voting for the war in Iraq.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 30, 2008
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: Denver
Fact-check justification: Obama is referring to the 2002 vote authorizing the use of force in Iraq, widely considered to have given President Bush the authority for the invasion. Clinton voted for the measure, as did McCain. Obama was not in the U.S. Senate at that time, though he did give a speech opposing the war while an Illinois state senator. Obama is right: Clinton and McCain were on the same side in voting for the use of force in Iraq. We find this  to be .
Statement: And it's going to be difficult for us to do this as long as we're spending $275 million a day on a war that should have never been authorized...
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 19, 2007
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: Washington, DC
Fact-check justification: When we asked Obama's campaign to explain how he arrived at his $275 million figure, campaign spokeswoman Jen Psaki provided yet another number. $305-million per day. This figure is different from the others because it includes projected costs through the end of the 2008 budget year. Here's how the Obama campaign's math works: They take the entire cost of the Iraq conflict to date, ($450.4-billion, according to the Congressional Research Service) add the Bush administration request in 2008 ($166-billion) and divide by the number of days from the start of the conflict, March 19, 2003, to the end of the next budget year, Oct. 1, 2008 (2023 days). The number Obama used at the forum, Psaki concluded, "is actually a more conservative estimate of the average spent per day."
Statement: Joe Biden just resigned from the White House.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 27, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: This new  is also . There’s no  that Biden has resigned. His public schedule is full of events, such as meeting other world leaders in Germany on June 28. Biden continues to make public remarks as president and his office is releasing statements on his behalf.   We rate this post !
Statement: Says her actions as Wisconsin commerce secretary brought the state "84,000 more Wisconsin jobs than we have today.
Speaker: mary burke
About the speaker: Burke is a former Trek Bicycle executive and former Wisconsin Commerce Department secretary who announced on Oct. 7, 2013 that she would seek the Democratic nomination for governor in Wisconsin in the fall 2014 election against incument Republican Gov. Scott Walker. She lost to Walker on Nov. 4, 2014. She is a school board member in Madison, Wisconsin.
Date: October 7, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Our rating Burke said her years as Wisconsin commerce secretary meant the state brought "84,000 more Wisconsin jobs than we have today." The numerical part of the  is on target -- Burke’s tenure was pre-recession and despite gains Wisconsin has not yet rebounded to 2007 levels. But Burke overstates the credit that she and Doyle deserve for the 2007 figure, and skips past the recession that helps explain the statistical . We rate her  . To comment on this item, go to the Journal Sentinel's web page .
Statement: Says the NC elections board "did not change state law.
Speaker: karen brinson bell
About the speaker: Karen Brinson Bell is executive director of the North Carolina State Board of Elections
Date: February 25, 2021
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections;coronavirus
Context: an appearance before a committee
Fact-check justification: Bell said the North Carolina elections board "did not change state law" as it pertained to the 2020 election. The board says it was within its legal powers to strike a deal implementing absentee ballot rules that deviated from specific laws set in general statutes. Regardless of who has the power, the election rules were effectively changed, and the board played a major role. Bell’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says Ohio's Issue 2 will create a redistricting commission that will "have a blank check to spend our money.
Speaker: ohio republican party
About the speaker: Statewide organization for Ohio's Republicans.
Date: September 11, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: elections;redistricting;state budget
Context: an election flier
Fact-check justification: But, as the Ohio Supreme Court ruled, the proposed amendment places a qualification on spending. If the commission were to ask for more money than initially provided, as LoParo hypothesized, it would have to show the spending is necessary. There is no specific cap on spending in the amendment, but that does not mean the commission will be able to spend as much as it wants. The GOP’s statement is not accurate. On the -O-Meter, the  rates .
Statement: Ron Johnson just came out in favor of a federal abortion ban.
Speaker: mandela barnes
About the speaker: Mandela Barnes is an American politician serving as the 45th lieutenant governor of Wisconsin. A member of the Democratic Party, Barnes is a former state representative. On August 14, 2018, he won the Democratic primary in a landslide and became the running mate of Democratic gubernatorial nominee Tony Evers. Evers and Barnes went on to win the November 2018 election, defeating incumbent Republicans Scott Walker and Rebecca Kleefisch. Barnes became Wisconsin's first African American lieutenant governor.
 
 
Date: August 17, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;health care;legal issues
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: What’s more, Barnes also made it appear as if Johnson changed positions in reaction to the Supreme Court ruling. He did not. Since the decision, Johnson has emphasized that states should decide — though he has left open the door to the federal government stepping in at some point, if necessary. Our definition for  is: "The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression." That fits here.
Statement: Says there's "no wait list" for private school vouchers
Speaker: natasha marcus
About the speaker: Natasha Marcus is a Democrat who represents Mecklenburg County in North Carolina Senate District 41.
Date: May 8, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: corrections and updates;education
Context: a speech on the Senate floor
Fact-check justification: The change doesn't influence our ruling.   Our -O-Meter rating remains the same. This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] .
Statement: Says Obama opposes offshore drilling and a gas tax holiday.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: June 25, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: Obama has repeatedly said he opposes the idea because oil companies would not pass along the savings and, even if they did, it would provide relatively little help to consumers. (We checked Obama's  that it would save a typical motorist about 30 cents a day and found it . ) So on these points, McCain's right. Obama is opposed to changing the rules on offshore drilling and suspending the gas tax. McCain gets a .