chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The years that I was speaker, the Florida House consistently offered leaner budgets than the governor offered.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: October 6, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: an ABC News U.S. Senate debate
Fact-check justification: All this budget talk started with an argument over earmarks in the budget, and more generally, who can stake a  to being the better fiscal conservative -- Charlie Crist or Marco Rubio. Rubio says the House budgets he proposed in 2007 and 2008 were "leaner budgets than the governor offered." Rubio is largely right, though his  could use a little additional information. In 2007, the budgets offered by Rubio and Crist ultimately were pretty similar, with the difference being just about $500 million in a budget totaling more than $70 billion. The budgets in 2008 were significantly different, however, primarily because Crist wanted to use trust funds to help balance a bigger budget. Rubio advocated cutting state spending to make the budget smaller. It's also worth noting that state revenue projects took a turn for the worse in between when Crist proposed his budget in 2008, and when Rubio and the House proposed theirs. We find this  to be .
Statement: In fighting collective bargaining changes, Democrats are trying to "protect a system that pays unionized government workers 42 percent more than non-union workers.
Speaker: crossroads gps
About the speaker: Crossroads GPS is a conservative advocacy group founded by prominent Republicans, including former White House political adviser Karl Rove.
Date: March 9, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;state budget
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The study it cites for backup does contain that figure, but the number is  because it is not adjusted for important differences between states. Even the author of the study makes this point. There is a gap of some size. So, the ad contains an element of  in highlighting a pay gap, but uses an inflated number. That rates a .
Statement: You were going to cut schools, when you were going to cut teachers and educators in our schools.
Speaker: david zuckerman
About the speaker: David Zuckerman is the lieutenant governor of Vermont and the 2020 Democratic nominee for governor.
Date: September 29, 2020
Location: vermont
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Lt. Gov. David Zuckerman told Gov. Phil Scott: "They’ve pushed back against a number of your budgets, including when you were going to cut schools, when you were going to cut teachers and educators in our schools." In 2018, Scott specifically proposed reducing the staffing in Vermont schools by 200 people a year for five years, which was consistent with his view that Vermont spends too much on public K-12 schools. The proposal was slammed by the Vermont-NEA and went nowhere in the Democratically controlled Legislature. But had Scott’s plan been enacted, some schools could have been penalized — as soon as this year — for failing to eliminate teaching positions.  Scott’s proposal also had the explicit intent of curbing school spending, though not through direct demands to cut local school budgets. But Zuckerman did not say budget cuts, or even spending cuts; he specifically said cuts to "teachers and educators." And that’s the explicit purpose of Scott’s proposal.  We rate this  .
Statement: We created 800,000 new jobs, we cut the unemployment rate almost in half and today New York State has more private sector jobs than it has ever had in its history
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: July 8, 2016
Location: new york
Topics: jobs
Context: Victor, NY
Fact-check justification: During a press briefing in Ontario County, Gov. Cuomo told a group of reporters that 800,000 jobs had been created, the unemployment rate fell by almost half, and the state had more private sector jobs than ever before. We reviewed data from the Department of Labor to check Cuomo’s . We rate it to be . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/25db535b-412c-4788-bbcd-ce9660d5c1e9
Statement: Says Donald Trump tweeted, "I have it on good authority that the real reason for the delayed results from the #IowaCaucus is they are trying to hide the fact that the winner was @VerminSupreme. This is one time I hope the DNC is actually successful, as Vermin is the only candidate that is smart (and crazy) enough to possibly beat me!
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 4, 2020
Topics: elections
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted several times on Feb. 4, including about the Iowa Democratic caucuses. But we didn’t see a tweet about Vermin Supreme , a performance artist and perennial Libertarian presidential candidate who wears a boot on his head. And because it’s widely reported when the president deletes tweets —  such as this one , where he wrongly referred to the Kansas City Chiefs’ home state as Kansas — we’d expect similar coverage about a scrubbed Vermin Supreme tweet. Of course, there’s none.   We rate this post !
Statement: As compared to last year, Texas has about 15% more power generation capacity.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: February 3, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: energy
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: As Texas braced for the effects of cold weather, Abbott assured Texans: "Compared to last year, Texas has about 15% more power generation capacity." Experts say Abbott was referring to the total installed capacity if power generation infrastructure were running at 100% capacity. However, that is a theoretical figure. Instead, stations generate at a fraction of the total installed capacity. The amount of available power in an emergency situation would be less than the installed capacity. We rate this as .
Statement: Bernie Sanders wants free health care for all and was asked how he would pay for it. His answer was raise taxes to 52% on anybody making over $29,000 per year.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 20, 2020
Topics: health care;taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: In addition, tax filers are entitled to a standard deduction ranging from $12,400 for a single filer to $24,800 for a married couple. That means people would only pay tax on income earned over that amount. Other deductions or tax credits could lower someone’s tax liability further.   The Facebook post is . We rate it .
Statement: Kim Jong Un dead: North Koreans calling Trump an assassin
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 6, 2017
Topics: fake news;foreign policy;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The same July 6 post also appears on thelastlineofdefense.org, a website that says everything it posts is "a satirical work of fiction." Variations of the story are posted on other sites, including ourlandofthefree.com, which says it makes "no guarantee that what you read here is . In fact, it most definitely is not." Dailysidnews.com’s report the North Korean leader is dead and that an American killed him is not , but rather a fabrication. We rate it !
Statement: Says that singer Dolly Parton said, "Trump in one year is already better than 16 years of Bush, Obama put together.
Speaker: americanproud.info
About the speaker: Americanproud.info is a right-leaning website that posts fake news.
Date: January 22, 2018
Topics: fake news;pop culture;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Proclaiming that a celebrity now loves Trump or hates Clinton is a common theme in  news stories. We debunked an article that said Sandra Bullock said to Clinton "if you don’t like our president you can leave and never come back again" and that "Julia Roberts claims ‘Michelle Obama isn’t fit to clean Melania’s toilet’ " We rated both statements . In this case, the story that said Parton said, "Trump in one year is already better than 16 years of Bush, Obama put together" is also  news. A consultant actually made a statement that virtually mirrors that quote. We rate this story .
Statement: With COVID-19, vaccinated people "are the real threat to" unvaccinated people.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 24, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that, with COVID-19, vaccinated people "are the real threat to" unvaccinated people. Unvaccinated people can get COVID-19 from vaccinated people who get breakthrough infections.  But the greater threat to the unvaccinated is other unvaccinated people. Unvaccinated people are more likely than the vaccinated to get COVID-19, more likely to spread it, and much more likely to become seriously ill or die.  We rate the post . RELATED VIDEO
Statement: To comply with non-discrimination laws, the government is "forcing people in business to make wedding cakes" for anyone.
Speaker: glenn beck
About the speaker: Glenn Beck is the host of The Glenn Beck Program, a nationally syndicated talk-radio show. He also hosts an Internet-based TV show. Beck formerly hosted a television talk show on CNN Headline News and then Fox News.
Date: December 19, 2013
Topics: civil rights;race and ethnicity;punditfact
Context: comments on his radio program
Fact-check justification: Incensed by A&E’s response to its opinionated Duck Dynasty star, Beck lamented the country’s lack of appreciation for "diversity of thought," saying Robertson is entitled to say what he wants in accordance with his freedoms of speech and religion. Even wedding cake-makers are feeling the same pressure. "If they say I don't want to serve you, I don't want to make a wedding cake for you, you must make a wedding cake," he said, just weeks after a Colorado administrative law judge said a Denver-area baker must "cease and desist" discriminating against gay couples who want wedding cakes or face fines. Indeed, that happened. Another investigation into a bakery that withheld a wedding cake is pending in Oregon. Beck did not get into details about either case on his show. But he should have clarified that many states do not have the same protections for sexual orientation in their public accommodation laws, so it’s less clear if businesses in those states could be compelled to make cake if they had personal objections. We rate this  . Correction: Douglas Laycock said the New Mexico case would be binding nationwide if it was taken up by the U.S. Supreme Court. An earlier version of this story was  on this point.
Statement: Says a photo shows accused shooter Kyle Rittenhouse's mother, armed with a long gun, in Kenosha, Wisconsin, on the night two protesters were killed and one injured.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 28, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: legal issues;guns
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: And, as noted, Rittenhouse’s attorney says the teen was in Kenosha already and stayed there into the night hours. Our ruling  A Facebook user claimed that a photo of a white woman with a gun was the mother of Kyle Rittenhouse.   But the photo is not from that protest. It’s cropped from a larger image of a handful of people with guns standing outside the state capitol in Madison two days earlier. We rate the  .
Statement: After initially agreeing with Republicans on an amount for Zika funding, "Democrats derailed it.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: August 3, 2016
Location: national
Topics: abortion;public health
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Ryan said Democrats blocked the Zika funding bill after agreeing on the dollar amount. That part is accurate, but the main reason Democrats gave for their action was the Republican addition of language that barred a Planned Parenthood affiliate in Puerto Rico from receiving government funds. Democrats could have chosen to accept that provision and passed the bill. On the other hand, Republicans could have chosen not to add it during the conference committee. It took two to tango. Accordingly, we rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/a3846eb7-58d6-406b-8b3e-648407f92f9e
Statement: Sen. Rubio's (tax plan) would cut taxes for households making around $3 million a year by almost $240,000, which is way more than three times the earnings of a typical family.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: July 13, 2015
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that Rubio’s tax plan "would cut taxes for households making around $3 million a year by almost $240,000, which is way more than three times the earnings of a typical family." It is possible to take issue with the statement in some ways. The source of her  uses an earlier version of Rubio’s plan in its analysis,  and she said $3 million when she should have said $3.3 million. But the thrust of her statement is sound. An analysis of a plan extremely similar to the one put forth by Rubio would cut taxes for those making $3.3 million and more by nearly $240,000, which is more than three times the U.S. median household income of $53,046. We rate her statement .
Statement: Wrote that in 2006, Nancy Pelosi said she didn't think capturing Osama bin Laden "makes us any safer," but in 2011 called his killing "historic.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 2, 2011
Location: national
Topics: homeland security;military;terrorism
Context: various posts on the web
Fact-check justification: (Obama) did a fabulous job. But it isn't an end to the threat to our national security... ." Ultimately, we think the bloggers overstated the degree to which Pelosi’s 2006 and 2011 comments were contradictory. They are correct that Pelosi in 2006 said she didn’t think capturing Osama Bin Laden "makes us any safer" and then five years later celebrated his killing as "historic." But, because they left out the rest of her sentence referring to the threat that remains after bin Laden's death, we rate their  .
Statement: Finland joins NATO.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 15, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It could then take around six months for member countries to ratify the accession protocol, NPR reported . The statement in this post that Finland has joined NATO contains an element of  — the country has said it plans to apply — but it ignores critical facts. Finland has not yet formally applied to join NATO, and Turkey could block its membership. NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg has said Turkey has made it clear that’s not its intention.    We rate this post .
Statement: Says, "Carl proposed a 'windfall' tax on real estate development when he was a Metro Councilor.
Speaker: promote oregon leadership pac (oregon house republicans)
About the speaker: Promote Oregon Leadership is the political action committe of Oregon House Republicans.
Date: October 13, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: voting record;taxes
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: He supported the idea of exploring a taxing option, and he probably would have backed a proposed tax had it gone anywhere. Hosticka was tapped to help lead a large civic committee that eventually recommended ideas for a windfall tax. That’s the element of . But to state that this was Hosticka’s idea, one that he or his staff proposed and pursued, ignores the critical facts of Liberty’s advocacy as well as all the other members on the committee who agreed to make the recommendation to Metro. We rate this .
Statement: A Republican budget proposal "would have Wisconsin have the weakest standards for who can be a teacher in the classroom in the country.
Speaker: mike tate
About the speaker: Mike Tate is chairman of the Democratic Party of Wisconsin. He previously worked for Jim Doyle, the former Wisconsin governor, a public employee union and a voter mobilization organization. 
Date: May 28, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;education;government regulation;state budget;states
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our rating Tate declared that a Republican budget proposal "would have Wisconsin have the weakest standards for who can be a teacher in the classroom in the country." If the proposal becomes law, Wisconsin apparently would become the only state not to have a bachelor’s degree as a minimum requirement for teaching some subjects, including health and foreign languages. But that applies only to sixth through 12th grades. And there isn’t  to show that Wisconsin’s teacher standards overall would be the weakest in the country. We rate Tate’s statement .
Statement: Warren (Buffett) still does support me.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: March 22, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: "He's very, very smart. He's got, I think, exactly the right goals. He's articulate and I — you know, he will be the right person to be the commander in chief in this economic crisis." So clearly Obama was on solid ground touting Buffett's continued support. We find this  to be .
Statement: Says #MeToo movement sign suggested assaulting First Lady Melania Trump.
Speaker: joshua feuerstein
About the speaker: Joshua Feuerstein is a former pastor who uses social media to promote his vision of evangelical Christianity.
Date: October 7, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "DC Trump Protestor (sic) ‘Rape Melania,’" the original tweet said. People debated the legitimacy of the image and whether it was Photoshopped, but photos of the sign exist from different angles, taken by different people, confirming it was there . Response and reactions from Twitter users caused "#RapeMelania" to trend on Twitter, which prompted criticism against the social media platform for allowing such a hashtag to trend. That was all nearly a year before #MeToo took off in October 2017, reigniting a decade-old movement launched by activist Tarana Burk. We rate this  .
Statement: During eight years under Ronald Reagan, African-American median income rose by about $5,000.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: February 3, 2016
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;economy
Context: Henniker, N.H
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that "during eight years under Ronald Reagan, African-American median income rose by about $5,000." The actual increase was a little over $2,000, and the increase was significantly larger under a subsequent Democratic president, Bill Clinton. We rate Cruz’s statement .
Statement: I am the only person in this field who is against amnesty. Every other person in this field wants to allow people who are here illegally to be able to stay here, in one form or another.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: October 31, 2015
Location: iowa
Topics: immigration
Context: Des Moines
Fact-check justification: Santorum said, "I am the only person in this field who is against amnesty. Every other person in this field wants to allow people who are here illegally to be able to stay here, in one form or another." While it’s  that seven of 15 GOP candidates currently support policies that meet Santorum’s definition of "amnesty," four candidates who once supported such policies no longer do, and two more have consistent records of opposition. The last, Jindal, hasn’t outlined his position. We rate Santorum’s  .
Statement: The president's own advisers have said there's a war on coal.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: September 18, 2013
Location: national
Topics: energy;jobs
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: McConnell said, "The president’s own advisers have said there’s a war on coal." A man who sits on a presidential advisory council did speak of a war on coal. It is accurate to call him an adviser. It is  to refer to more than one adviser but much more significant, it also falls wide of the mark to interpret his words as meaning that there is a war on coal. The adviser expressed support for that sort of policy, but press accounts at the time and the adviser’s own words today affirm that he did not say there is presently a war on coal. We rate the  .