chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Proximity to high-voltage power lines lowers property values by as much as 30 percent.
Speaker: friends of india point park
About the speaker: Friends of India Point Park is a group of citizens dedicated to protecting, improving, and expanding the waterfront park in Providence, R.I.
Date: October 31, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: environment;energy;housing;recreation
Context: a web site
Fact-check justification: The Friends of India Point Park says that proximity to high-voltage power lines lowers property values by as much as 30 percent. There are many studies on the effects of power lines on property values. Nearly all of the ones that  we found determined that there was a negative effect on values. But they differ widely in what that effect actually is. Most put it at less than 10 percent. But we found four studies in the United States and Canada that found decreases that ranged from close to 30 percent to more than 30 percent. They appeared to be isolated cases, but they did occur, according to the studies. The Friends of India Point Park does not say that such a price effect is the norm. The group only says that a decrease in value can be as much as 30 percent. Riley says that language was chosen on purpose. (There’s also some question about what the group means by "proximity) but we won’t get into that here.) Because the statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details -- the preponderance of studies showing property value decreases of 10 percent or less --  we rate it  . I f you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.
Statement: As a percentage of gross domestic product, we are reducing nondefense discretionary spending to its lowest level since the '60s, lower than it was under Reagan, lower than it was under Clinton, lower than it was under Bush, or both Bushes.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: March 24, 2009
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: So where does this leave us? Obama's  is that "we are reducing nondefense discretionary spending to its lowest level since the '60s."  Although his statement suggests broad success, he achieves the historic level only in the last year. Yes, it would be lower than the other presidents, but it would beat the lowest number only in 2019 — a year when Obama will be out of office. And he relies on economic assumptions that are slightly more optimistic than the ones from the well-respected CBO. So we find Obama's  to be .
Statement: Says U.S. Reps. Phil Gingrey and Jack Kingston have "even changed votes to what I voted, multiple times.
Speaker: paul broun
About the speaker: U.S. House Rep. Paul Broun, a Republican, is from Athens. He represents Georgia's 10th congressional district.
Date: March 25, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: voting record
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: He may be correct about what happened concerning Kingston and the Ukraine vote, but there’s no way to know for sure. And if Kingston and Gingrey changed votes, there’s no way to know whether they did it because of Broun. Thus, his  is thin. Therefore, we rate Broun’s  . Under PolitiFact’s rating system,  means the  contains some element of , but doesn’t tell the whole story.
Statement: FBI uncovers evidence that 62 million Trump voters are all Russian agents!
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 15, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: Internet posts
Fact-check justification: "My readership — and I hope to God the rest of the literate world — is intelligent enough to understand this is a joke," he said via email. "I didn't know people were syndicating it without crediting me, but I don't really care." This  news story is ludicrous enough that it’s obviously contrived and meant as a joke. Not so obvious are the article’s white supremacist website roots. We rate the statement !
Statement: The Eisenhower interstate system requires that one mile in every five must be straight.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 6, 2021
Topics: infrastructure;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: No legislation, regulation or policy has ever required that one out of every five miles of highway be straight. It’s not a mandate in the Federal-Aid Highway Act. Eisenhower didn’t order it. And while airplanes do sometimes land on interstates in an emergency, according to the highway administration, these roads aren’t designed for that purpose.   We rate this post .
Statement: A list of 11 names are "Marines that gave their lives this week for everyone in this country. There is no media for them, not even a mention of their names.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 2, 2020
Topics: afghanistan;military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post listing names said the names were of 11 Marines who "gave their lives this week for everyone in this country" and "there is no media for them, not even a mention of their names." The men listed actually include 10 American servicemen — two Marines and eight from the Army — as well as one from the United Kingdom. They all died in combat operations in Afghanistan in July 2010. All of their deaths were reported by news media.  We rate the post .
Statement: In 2021, 65 people in Milwaukee have lost their lives due to reckless driving accidents, and more than 9,000 cars have been stolen, double the amount in 2020.
Speaker: cavalier johnson
About the speaker: In 2016, Johnson ran for 2nd District Alderman on the Milwaukee Common Council, winning a five-way primary with 38 percent of the vote and winning the general election with 4,307 votes (52 percent). 
Johnson was re-elected without opposition in 2020 and was also elected by his peers in a 8–7 vote to serve as the Milwaukee Common Council president.  
Johnson became acting mayor of Milwaukee upon the resignation of  Tom Barrett to assume the ambassadorship of Luxembourg, on December 22, 2021. He is acting mayor until the 2022 Milwaukee mayoral special election. The Milwaukee mayor's office is non-partisan. Johnson is a candidate in the special election. The day before assuming the role, Johnson announced his top priority would be combating reckless driving to create safe streets. 
Date: December 21, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: crime;public safety;transportation
Context: News release
Fact-check justification: Johnson claimed that "In 2021, 65 people in Milwaukee have lost their lives due to reckless driving accidents, and more than 9,000 cars have been stolen, double the amount in 2020." Johnson was correct with the stolen vehicle part of the , but was off on the deaths due to reckless driving. The number cited by Johnson was for all traffic fatalities. The actual figures, according to Milwaukee police, are 38 reckless vehicle crashes resulted in 43 fatalities.  For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, our rating is .
Statement: Two years ago we had "the largest structural deficit ever in Wisconsin.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: June 21, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget
Context: an appearance on national TV
Fact-check justification: So what’s the bottom line? Appearing on a national cable TV show viewed by some 269,000 people , Walker said the state’s largest structural deficit had come two years earlier, under his Democratic predecessor. He was off by seven years and a political party. We rate his statement . Editor's note: An earlier version of this item incorrectly stated that Scott McCallum was acting governor.
Statement: Joe Biden's sanctions on Russia "are riddled with loopholes and don't even start for 30 days. They have carve outs for the energy and financial sectors.
Speaker: mike gibbons
About the speaker: Mike Gibbons is running in the 2022 Republican primary for U.S. Senate in Ohio. He also ran for the Senate GOP nomination in 2018. He was Ohio finance co-chair of Trump Victory, a joint committee of Donald Trump and the Republican National Committee in 2016.
Date: March 1, 2022
Location: ohio
Topics: energy;foreign policy;trade;ad watch;ukraine;russia
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Gibbons said Biden's sanctions on Russia "are riddled with loopholes and don't even start for 30 days. They have carve outs for the energy and financial sectors." Some of the sanctions made a quick impact and some were phased in over 30 days. The energy sector was largely spared, but banks were targeted directly. We rate the  .
Statement: If you go back to 1999, Wayne LaPierre testified on behalf of the NRA that background checks were appropriate and should be done.
Speaker: michael bloomberg
About the speaker: Michael Bloomberg was mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013. The billionaire co-founded Bloomberg LP, a financial information and media company, in 1981. On Nov. 24, 2019, he announced his candidacy for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on March 4, 2020.
Date: March 24, 2013
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: an appearance on 'Meet the Press'
Fact-check justification:     Bloomberg said that in 1999, "Wayne LaPierre testified on behalf of the NRA that background checks were appropriate and should be done."     In congressional testimony following the Columbine High School shooting, LaPierre called it "reasonable" to conduct a background check "for every sale at every gun show. No loopholes anywhere for anyone." Subsequent statements by NRA officials acknowledge that the group’s position has since changed to opposition to more background checks.     We rate Bloomberg’s statement .
Statement: Of all cities in the United States with more than 100,000 people, Providence is the 183rd safest.
Speaker: brett smiley
About the speaker: Brett P. Smiley is a Democratic who ran for mayor of Providence, R.I., in 2014. He dropped out before the Democratic primary. The president of Campaign Finance Officers LLC, Smiley has managed candidate and referendum campaigns in Rhode Island, served as an advisor to mayors David Cicilline and Angel Taveras. He was chairman of the Providence Water Supply Board from 2011 to 2013.
Date: December 19, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: crime
Context: a campaign speech
Fact-check justification: Mayoral candidate Brett Smiley said, "Of all cities in the United States with more than 100,000 people, Providence is the 183rd safest." He accurately quoted the city’s ranking. But the FBI, the source of the raw data, warns that such rankings can produce out-of-context impressions. Because the statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, we rate it  .
Statement: The St. Norbert College/Wisconsin Public Radio poll has "been wrong in almost every election.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: November 16, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: It was  looking at whether the general public favored a recall. Secondly, GOP spokesman Sparks and Walker were  about the poll when it came to the 2010 results. The poll got that race right. And there’s no  that the poll has been consistently  in the past. We rate Walker’s  .
Statement: I never claimed to be Jewish.
Speaker: george santos
About the speaker: George Santos was elected to the House of Representatives in 2022, representing a district in Queens and Long Island, N.Y. After his election, media reports found widespread discrepancies and falsehoods in his personal and professional background. 
Date: February 20, 2023
Location: new york
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an interview with Piers Morgan
Fact-check justification: Santos said, "I never claimed to be Jewish." However, there are a half-dozen documented instances in which Santos unambiguously referred to himself as Jewish. They include two interviews in which he called himself "a Latino Jew," interviews in which he variously called himself "half Jewish," "halachically Jewish," and "one of two Jewish Republican freshmen." There’s also a position paper in which he called himself a "proud American Jew." We rate the statement !
Statement: Compact fluorescent light bulbs are "toxic" and "not environmentally friendly.
Speaker: ameripac
About the speaker: AmeriPAC is a political action committee that largely supports conservative Republican candidates.
Date: May 16, 2011
Location: national
Topics: consumer safety;energy;regulation
Context: a fundraising letter
Fact-check justification: Mercury is, in fact, a toxic substance, and CFLs contain a small amount of mercury (a fraction of the amount contained in a mercury thermometer). But government and environmental officials say the risk they pose is very small, particularly if the light bulbs are disposed of properly and cleaned up properly if one shatters. Moreover, the warnings fail to acknowledge that there is a price to pay for sticking with less efficient traditional incandescent light bulbs. Those bulbs require far more electricity to operate, and, if they are powered by coal-fired power plants, result in even more mercury emitted into the environment. We rate the  .
Statement: Our trade deficit in goods reached nearly … $800 billion last year alone.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 21, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;trade
Context: Cleveland
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Our trade deficit in goods reached nearly … $800 billion last year alone." In 2015, the goods trade deficit was $763 billion. Trump is pretty close. We rate Trump’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/ac7d34c9-2a0e-4f81-9510-6bf4f6e23a0a
Statement: Says state Senate President Stephen "Sweeney gave us the nation's highest income tax rates, driving out jobs.
Speaker: americans for prosperity: new jersey
About the speaker: Americans for Prosperity: New Jersey is a state chapter of a conservative group that advocates for limited government, free markets and fiscal and regulatory restraint.
Date: October 24, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: income;jobs;message machine 2012;taxes
Context: a television ad posted on YouTube
Fact-check justification: The New Jersey chapter of Americans for Prosperity launched an ad campaign targeting Democratic incumbents running for re-election. One television spot said, "Sweeney gave us the nation's highest income tax rates, driving out jobs." During Sweeney’s tenure the top income tax rate in New Jersey increased twice. Neither of those tax hikes bumped New Jersey into the top spot in the nation for income taxes  -- and you can’t solely blame Sweeney for either increase. And the ad’s larger point that high incomes tax rates decreased jobs is overstated. We rate this statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Joe Biden appointed a 'satanist' to the White House.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 8, 2022
Location: new york
Topics: fake news;religion
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A conservative news site said Daskalakis is a "satanist." Daskalakis and the CDC have said he is not. We find no  to the contrary.  We rate this  . PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: Illegal aliens will receive $1,400 stimulus checks.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 9, 2021
Topics: immigration;federal budget;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed: "Illegal aliens will receive $1,400 stimulus checks." Under the law, with some exceptions, only people who have a Social Security number can receive a $1,400 stimulus check for themselves. The vast majority of immigrants who are in the country illegally don’t have a Social Security number. The law would still pay $1,400 for each of their dependents who has a Social Security number. The statement contains an element of , but leaves out important context that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: It's clear" that Hillary Clinton "violated national security laws.
Speaker: jack graham
About the speaker: Jack Graham is a businessman running for Colorado's Republican U.S. Senate nomination.
Date: April 5, 2016
Location: colorado
Topics: legal issues
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Graham said: "It’s clear ... she violated national security laws." Hypothetically, the  may someday support Graham’s accusation against Clinton. But at this time, there is no clear  that Clinton has broken the law. No one has been charged with a crime in this case -- let alone convicted. Graham goes too far in stating that possibility as fact. We rate his  .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama "signed the medical appliance tax bill that forced companies to outsource manufacturing of masks, gowns, gloves and ventilaors [sic] to China, Europe and Russia to avoid the tax.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 23, 2020
Topics: health check;coronavirus
Context: a viral image circulating on social media attributing comments to Barack Obama
Fact-check justification: Obama did not sign anything into law called the "medical appliance tax bill." A moratorium was placed on the medical device tax he did sign into law as part of the Affordable Care Act in late 2015. Therefore, that tax was put on hold in 2016 and eventually repealed by Trump in 2019.   Instead, experts we consulted agreed that the current PPE shortage is more aptly linked to the inadequate national emergency stockpile of PPE, increased demand for the products and the Trump administration’s Chinese trade policies.   Our ruling is !
Statement: My friend, we have increased the size of government by some 40 percent just in the last few years.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: April 20, 2008
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: The increase in discretionary spending was not in trillions and trillions of dollars, as McCain went on to say, but in billions. Actually, spending hasn't increased by trillions even when you look at total federal government spending. Asked to nail down more precisely what measure McCain was using, the campaign did not respond. So, McCain has his percentage right, but he's way off on the actual dollars involved. That brings us to .
Statement: Photo shows former President Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein on a couch with girls.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 17, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An odd slash of flesh color appears where his shirt should be. Trump appears to have maybe six fingers on one hand.   Photos of Trump and Epstein do exist and have been widely published by news outlets. But we couldn’t find this image, or two others in the post appearing to show Trump with several blond girls, among any credible sources.   We rate claims that this is an authentic photo .
Statement: Rick Perry "has advocated abandoning Social Security, scuttling Medicaid and ending the federal income tax.
Speaker: margaret carlson
About the speaker: According to her biographical information, Margaret Carlson has written a politics column for Bloomberg. She's a former White House correspondent for TIME and appeared on CNN's "Capital Gang" for 15 years.
Date: August 9, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: medicaid;social security;taxes
Context: a politics column
Fact-check justification: If that option were offered and if states agreed, the program would effectively be scuttled. But Perry also has said he favors Medicaid reforms. Finally, he says taxation could be improved by replacing the federal income tax. While this would end the income tax, Carlson’s statement misleads by failing to note that Perry would replace some income-tax revenue with money from a new tax. We rate Carlson’s statement .