chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: 70% of the pollution of the carbon that we're throwing into the air comes from three industries.
Speaker: elizabeth warren
About the speaker: Elizabeth Warren is a senator from Massachusetts. Warren was elected to the Senate in 2012 and was re-elected in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024. Warren received a bachelor’s degree in speech pathology and audiology from the University of Houston and a J.D. from Rutgers Law School. In 2019, she announced her race for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 5, 2020.
Date: September 4, 2019
Location: national
Topics: climate change
Context: a CNN town hall on climate change
Fact-check justification: Warren said that three industries account for 70% of the carbon that goes into the air. That’s imprecise. It is accurate to say that transportation, producing electricity and industry writ large are the three largest sources of greenhouse gases and represent more than 70% of the problem. But those are activities, not industries. Individual Americans as well as companies contribute to the situation in ways that are often intertwined. Warren herself has been more accurate in her energy plan and even during the town hall itself. But she pushed the focus on industry on social media, and climate change researchers say that word doesn’t fit with the 70% figure she used. We rate this  .
Statement: Because of #TaxReform, 4 million American workers have received raises and bonuses, and 90% of Americans are seeing bigger paychecks this month.
Speaker: chris collins
About the speaker: Chris Collins is the Republican congressman representing New York's 27th Congressional District.
Date: February 27, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Collins said "Because of #TaxReform, 4 million American workers have received raises and bonuses, and 90% of Americans are seeing bigger paychecks this month." The first part of Collins’  is correct based on a compilation of companies from a tax cut advocacy group. PolitiFact used the same list when fact-checking Trump on a similar . The second part of Collins’  is less clear. The Treasury Department predicted 90 percent of workers would have lower federal taxes in February. We don’t know how many had higher take-home pay, Gleckman said. The statement is accurate but needed additional information. We rate it . PolitiFact Republican guest columnist and former U.S. Rep. David Jolly said PolitiFact’s fact-checking of this statement "reveals the challenges confronted by disciplined fact-checkers to confine themselves only to a politician’s specific comment, and the challenges equally faced by readers of PolitiFact whose opinions may often be arrived at through a broader analysis of additional facts not addressed in a single fact-checking column. Whether Rep. Collins’ assertion represents the full policy implications of the new law or whether it intentionally avoids the additional complexities of its impact, the fact is his statement was accurate." Read his critique here . Read more about our guest columnists  here.
Statement: ''I have received more contributions than any other candidate in the race – Republican or Democrat.''
Speaker: dan gelber
About the speaker: Dan Gelber is a former Florida state Senator representing Miami Beach. He campaigned to be Florida Attorney General and was defeated on Nov. 2, 2010.
Date: April 5, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: e-mail to supporters and media
Fact-check justification: Of course the difference turned out to be very, very minor ($8,000 in a million dollar race),'' wrote Gelber. '' Although I did not know or try to say when I wrote the e-mail that we had a greater number of contributors than Dave (which is pretty important as it shows actual level of support) -- I assumed we did and that did turn out to be totally  and accurate.'' The e-mail didn't focus on number of donors. It was about dollars. So we find the  to be .
Statement: Right now, one third of all illegal aliens are going to California.
Speaker: pat buchanan
About the speaker: Pat Buchanan is a conservative pundit who served as a senior adviser to Presidents Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan. He was a host of CNN's Crossfire and ran for president in 1992, 1996 and 2000.
Date: July 17, 2014
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: comments on Fox News
Fact-check justification: In Texas, which has the second-highest share of unauthorized immigrants, Republicans have won the last nine presidential elections and served as governor for 27 out of the past 35 years. The ruling Buchanan said, "Right now, one third of all illegal aliens are going to California." While experts say no good account for initial destinations of unauthorized immigrants exists, the most reliable estimates of unauthorized immigrants living in California range between 21 and 25 percent. That’s a bit lower than what Buchanan said. As a result, we rate his  .
Statement: The Senate Democrats have not provided one tax cut.
Speaker: john flanagan
About the speaker: Senate Minority Leader John Flanagan represents parts of Long Island. 
Date: June 18, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Flanagan made it tough on himself by making such a hyperbolic statement -- not one tax cut. Senate Democrats have proposed and enacted some forms of tax relief for New Yorkers, though it may not be what most residents would consider a "tax cut." Many of these exemptions or credits are for narrow segments of the population. The property tax cap, now permanent, has kept property taxes $25 billion lower than they would have been othewise.   We rate Flanagan’s statement .
Statement: Americans can get up to $50k in relief" from a "new benefit that just got released last week.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 19, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: It matches users to potential lenders, with quotes and terms from multiple loan providers in one place. Going to that website doesn’t automatically guarantee a loan; people still must submit an application to a lender. Any money received as a result of finding a lender via Personal Loan Pro is borrowed and must be paid back according to the terms of the loan. Despite the Facebook post’s claims, Personal Loan Pro is neither a "relief" program nor a new government benefit. We rate this  !
Statement: Black Lives Matter "injures 1000 police officers kills 36 people and does $8 billion in damage.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 25, 2020
Topics: civil rights;crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: These figures would make the recent protests the largest movement in the country’s history, according to interviews with scholars and crowd-counting experts." There are also people who have participated in demonstrations, which have occurred in hundreds of cities, who may have no allegiance to Black Lives Matter, or may even oppose it, and have rioted or committed other acts of violence — making it even more difficult to determine how a violent incident occurred. What’s more, news coverage of the protests have also included numerous reports that identify law enforcement officers as causing injury to civilians. In short, there isn’t  to back the numbers in the  or to blame Black Lives Matter for each part of the . Our rating is .
Statement: While many of his colleagues turned down a $2,500 pay raise ... (Jeff) Plale pocketed the extra money.
Speaker: citizens for a progressive wisconsin 
About the speaker: Citizens for a Progressive Wisconsin is an interest group that has been active in state-level politics. According to the Center for Responsive Politics, the liberal organization is primarily active in federal politics.
Date: September 10, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: message machine 2010;state budget
Context: campaign literature distributed by an outside group
Fact-check justification: Plale’s salary did go up, there was no way to stop that. He did not start giving the money back right away, as a few lawmakers did. Once other state employees were required to take furloughs, Plale imposed the same standard on himself -- long before the direct mail piece was sent. But that approach won’t account for the full raise, only about 43 percent of it. We rate the  .
Statement: Under a proposed medical marijuana amendment in Florida, "you don't get refills -- you get it forever.
Speaker: drug free america
About the speaker: The Drug Free America Foundation is a drug prevention and policy organization committed to developing, promoting and sustaining national and international policies and laws that will reduce illegal drug use and drug addiction. It is affiliated with Florida coalitions opposing 2014's Amendment 2, which would legalize medical marijuana.
Date: August 20, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: florida amendments;health care;marijuana
Context: a "Tampa Bay Times" editorial meeting
Fact-check justification: Miguel said when it comes to doctor’s recommendations for medical marijuana, "You don't get refills, you get it forever." He was referring to how a doctor’s "recommendation" for cannabis does not allow the same level of control as a medical prescription does. He said there was no written limitation on how much or for how long a patient could get marijuana in the amendment, a common criticism by opponents of the amendment. It’s possible that potential Florida regulations would not limit time on a registry or how long a doctor’s certification would last for a patient. But it would be premature, and speculative, to assume that there would be no way under the amendment to stop a recommendation from going on forever. Other states have created their own rules, limiting the quantity and frequency of the drug that patients can get. They also limit how long patients can be on a registry before requiring a doctor’s approval. We rate the statement . CORRECTION, AUG. 29, 2014: This version of the article has been updated to reflect that Colorado passed constitutional amendments in 2000 and 2012, the latter of which allows recreational use of marijuana.
Statement: The U.S. Senate cannot convict a former President.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: January 26, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: congress
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Walker said on social media that "The U.S. Senate cannot convict a former President." There is constitutional ambiguity on this point. That’s something the Democrat-led Senate itself will decide as it steps into new historical territory considering the impeachment of a president after leaving office. But we know at this point in history it’s an overreach to  this is a settled matter, as Walker does here. If anything, the needle is pointing in the other direction based on the preponderance of legal opinion, Senate precedent and the Jan. 26 vote. We rate this  .
Statement: Bob Barr has changed his position on the Defense of Marriage Act over the years.
Speaker: edward lindsey
About the speaker: Ed Lindsey, a Republican, was a candidate for the U.S. House 11th District seat in Georgia.
Date: June 26, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: marriage
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: As a Libertarian, Barr has said DOMA has been used by the government to overstep its authority. Now, seeking office as a Republican, Barr says he has come to understand that this is a matter for states to handle. Barr has refused to directly comment on the Supreme Court’s decision last week striking down a part of DOMA. But his silence doesn’t dismiss his past. We rated Lindsey’s  .
Statement: Says climate scientist James Hansen says "we have until perhaps 50 years from now," or maybe a little longer "and at that point, we are looking at 10, 20, 30 feet of sea-level rise.
Speaker: jill stein
About the speaker: Dr. Jill Stein, the Green Party presidential nominee in 2012 and 2016, is a Massachusetts activist and physician.
Date: October 17, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: climate change
Context: a forum at Huston-Tillotson University
Fact-check justification: Stein said Hansen predicted 10 to 30 feet of sea-level rise within 50 years or "maybe a little bit longer." Hansen published startling predictions exceeding established forecasts of sea-level rise related to climate change. But even under the most urgent scenario, the Hansen-led study projects about one meter—3.3 feet—of sea-level rise in 50 years. It projects, with some admitted uncertainty, multi-meter sea-level rise within 50 to 150 years. We rate Stein’s  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Democrats "manufactured votes from low income voters to steal the battleground states.
Speaker: the gateway pundit
About the speaker: The Gateway Pundit is a conservative website.
Date: October 17, 2021
Topics: elections;poverty;facebook fact-checks
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: The Gateway Pundit, citing a study by the Poor People’s Campaign, said Democrats "manufactured votes from low income voters to steal the battleground states." There’s nothing in the study to support that. The study was about the impact of a voter outreach effort focused on low-income people.  Poor people are allowed to vote, and voter outreach is not voter fraud.   We rate this statement .
Statement: Decriminalizing marijuana "will save the state anywhere from $4 (million) to $11 million dollars.
Speaker: john g. edwards
About the speaker: John G. "Jay" Edwards is a state representative whose district includes Tiverton and Portsmouth.
Date: June 5, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: criminal justice;drugs;legal issues;crime;government regulation;public health;marijuana
Context: a debate on the House floor
Fact-check justification: State Rep. John Edwards was specific in his  that decriminalizing marijuana will "save the state anywhere from $4 (million) to $11 million dollars." Edwards later backed away from the $11 million figure. Yet neither he nor any of the advocates he worked with to get the legislation passed could substantiate even the lesser amount. Therefore we rate his statement a smoldering . Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.
Statement: Says "for the first time ever," Texas lawmakers are not funding student population growth.
Speaker: wendy davis
About the speaker: Wendy Davis, a Fort Worth attorney, was initially elected to the Texas Senate in 2008. She was the 2014 Democratic gubernatorial nominee, giving up a shot at winning re-election to the Senate.
Date: May 29, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a filibuster
Fact-check justification: He pointed out that a 1925 book, "The Development of Education in Texas," states that until lawmakers in 1903 offered more money for "manual training" classes, "Texas had always adhered to the policy of distributing state educational funds on the per capita basis." Our sense? For the first time in more than 25 years, the budget approved by legislators does not fully account for enrollment increases. Prior to 1984, information to prove or disprove Davis' statement is more fuzzy, but it's clear that Texas has allocated education funding on a per-student basis since the 19th century. We rate Davis' statement .
Statement: The facts are, the majority of opioids and all kinds of other things that are connected to the opioids are coming through the point of entry.
Speaker: nita lowey
About the speaker: Nita Lowey is a Democratic member of the House of Representatives from New York.
Date: January 7, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: drugs
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: In a conversation about the federal government’s partial shutdown and Trump’s desire for a wall at the U.S.-Mexico border, Lowey said that the majority of opioids come through points of entry, not between points of entry where a wall would be. Data from Customs and Border Protection and analysis from the Drug Enforcement Agency confirm that when heroin and fentanyl come into the U.S., most come through ports of entry in private vehicles, not between ports of entry. We rate Lowey’s  .
Statement: Biden's plan will immediately let in 25,000 asylum-seekers who'd been waiting in Mexico as their cases were judged.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: February 12, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration;border security;homeland security
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Johnson said "Biden’s plan will immediately let in 25,000 asylum-seekers who’d been waiting in Mexico as their cases were judged." While the Biden plan changes the Trump approach, and returns to a system that allows asylum seekers into the country while their cases are being considered, Johnson’s tweet leaves the impression there would be a wave of 25,000 people admitted instantly. That’s far from the case, at least as things stand more than a week into the new program. Even if the number does hit the projected 300 a day, that alone would mean it would take some 83 days to reach 25,000. For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is .
Statement: Says Raphael Warnock supports boycotts of Georgia to protest voting law.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: April 9, 2021
Location: georgia
Topics: national;elections
Context: an online ad
Fact-check justification: An online ad by the National Republican Senatorial Committee suggests that Warnock supports boycotts of Georgia to protest the state’s new voting law, and uses a clip from a CNN interview. The ad ignores statements Warnock made in the interview and later, where he expressed his hope that businesses would speak out about the law, but continue doing business with Georgia. He did not call for any sort of boycott. We rate this statement . RELATED: Claims about HR 1 keep pouring in. Here are all of our fact-checks in one place RELATED: What’s in Georgia’s new voting law that lost it the All-Star Game
Statement: Video shows a van "'Queer testing' kids without parental approval … (that) involves clothing removal.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 19, 2023
Topics: education;lgbtq;coronavirus
Context: a video shared on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A video shared on Facebook claimed a van was "queer testing" kids without parents’ consent.  Markers on the van show it belongs to LabQ Diagnostics, which conducts COVID-19 testing. The same video was shared in April 2022 with different text that said students were being tested for COVID-19.  We rate this  ! PolitiFact Researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: Since President Obama came into office, another 2 million Hispanics have joined the ranks of those in poverty. … The number of Hispanic children living in poverty increased by 15 percent in that short period of time.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 24, 2016
Location: national
Topics: race and ethnicity;poverty
Context: Tampa
Fact-check justification: Trump said that "since President Obama came into office, another 2 million Hispanics have joined the ranks of those in poverty. … The number of Hispanic children living in poverty increased by 15 percent in that short period of time." The numbers are close to accurate only if you start counting in 2008, before Obama took office and before the full effects of a recession that Obama inherited. And overall, the comment ignores that since the recession hit, Obama has overseen a general decline in Hispanic poverty. The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/1470c814-acc9-4771-b28f-79ed83d914a8
Statement: Wisconsin is one of the nine states with the highest rate of infection per capita.
Speaker: tony evers
About the speaker: Tony Evers, a Democrat, was elected Wisconsin governor in November 2018. His term begins in January 2019. Evers has served as the Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction, a non-partisan position, since 2009. He previously worked as a teacher and school district administrator.
Date: September 15, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;public health;coronavirus
Context: a media briefing
Fact-check justification: In a media briefing on COVID-19, Evers said, "Wisconsin is one of the nine states with the highest rate of infection per capita." Evers was discussing how the Wisconsin situation used to be better than most states, but now it’s among the worst. That general point is correct, but his reference isn’t quite right. Wisconsin is among the states with the highest rates of new cases, a crucial descriptor that Evers left out of his stat. Without that, Evers’ statement could refer to total cases in Wisconsin, where the state ranks 30th. We define  as a statement that is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. That fits here.
Statement: John McCain will keep the estate tax at 0 percent, the same as it is now.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: July 23, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: Both Obama and McCain support renewing the current estate tax with a few changes. McCain proposes to increase the exemption to $5-million ($10-million for couples) and reduce the tax rate to 15 percent. Obama proposes to increase the exemption to $3.5-million ($7-million for couples) and leave the top rate at 45 percent. Although the e-mail captures the broad idea that McCain wants to reduce estate taxes more than Obama, it is  when it says McCain wants a "0 percent" estate tax, and it's also  that the estate tax is at zero percent now. We rate this statement .
Statement: NEW INFO SAYS KOBE BRYANT AND ALL 4 OF HIS DAUGHTER HAVE DIED FROM HELICOPTER CRASH.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 26, 2020
Topics: sports;transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A widely shared post on Facebook claimed: "NEW INFO SAYS KOBE BRYANT AND ALL 4 OF HIS DAUGHTER HAVE DIED FROM HELICOPTER CRASH." Only one of Bryant’s daughters died with him in the crash. We rate the  .