chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says his campaign has released his past tax returns.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: April 3, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;transparency;taxes
Context: an interview with CNN's Jake Tapper
Fact-check justification: Sanders told Tapper that his campaign has released his past tax returns. Sanders said his 2015 return is forthcoming, and he has made other types of disclosures in the past, including congressional and presidential-candidate filings. But his releases of prior-year tax forms -- the specific documents Tapper asked about -- have been limited in several ways. He’s only released information for one year, which pales compared to most other recent presidential candidates, and even that year’s release only includes a summary page, not the full return. We rate his  . UPDATE : As he had promised, Sanders released his full 2014 tax return on April 15, 2016. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/ba140e0d-4c11-436d-ad29-15e562ba5a98
Statement: Soybeans dropped 70 cents and corn 50 cents per bushel in two days, causing farmers to lose big money, "thanks to Biden's executive orders.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 24, 2021
Topics: agriculture;food;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A widely shared Facebook post showing a picture of a tweet claimed that soybeans dropped 70 cents and corn 50 cents per bushel in two days, causing farmers to lose big money, "thanks to Biden’s executive orders." The prices of both commodities did drop significantly, though arguably less than the post claims, during Biden’s first days in office. But two experts said they saw no  that any of the orders issued by Biden during those first days caused the price drops. The experts said the drops were not surprising, given that prices for both commodities had been running high, and that multiple factors were at play. We rate the post .
Statement: Granite Staters who hold individual policies from Anthem...can indeed renew their policies and keep their current doctors and hospitals" in 2014.
Speaker: carol shea-porter
About the speaker: Carol Shea-Porter is serving her third term in the U.S. House of Representatives in New Hampshire's First District. She defeated Republican Frank Guinta who unseated her during the 2010 election. She lives in Rochester and received a Master’s degree in public administration, University of New Hampshire. She's married to her husband Gene, and they have two adult children.     
Date: December 10, 2013
Location: new hampshire
Topics: health care
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: That means that Shea-Porter’s statement was accurate when she said it, though it no longer applies today, since the renewal deadline has passed. But individual policyholders did have a chance to keep their same network of hospitals and doctors next year. Not everyone may have done so, which means some people may be forced to see other doctors at different hospitals. In New Hampshire, at least, people were given that opportunity.    We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Rep. Kyrsten Sinema supported a bill that is "essentially encouraging child trafficking.
Speaker: martha mcsally
About the speaker: Martha McSally, a Republican, is a former U.S. Senator and former U.S. Representative from Arizona. McSally served 26 years in the U.S. Air Force, retiring in 2010 as a full colonel. She was the first female fighter pilot to fly a combat mission and command a fighter squadron. She was elected to public office for the first time when she won election to Congress in 2014.
Date: September 16, 2018
Location: arizona
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a Fox News interview
Fact-check justification: McSally said Sinema supported a bill that encourages child trafficking. Sinema co-sponsored a bill to limit the separation of immigrant families arriving at U.S. borders. McSally’s team said the bill reduces federal authority and incentivizes traffickers to  children as their own. However, the bill says a child can be separated if federal immigration officials believe that the child is being trafficked or faces that risk. Separation can also take place if there’s a strong likelihood that a child and adult are not related. Under the bill, a state or county child welfare expert has to authorize a separation within 48 hours. It also gives state courts and agencies their own ability to separate a child from an adult, especially if the child’s safety is at risk. Immigration and human trafficking researchers disagree with McSally’s assessment of the bill. We rate McSally’s statement .
Statement: Says SJR 11 "seeks to fix what is very quickly becoming a problem in Missouri — initiative petitions and referendums are being filed at record highs.
Speaker: eric burlison
About the speaker: Eric Burlison, a Republican, is a Missouri state senator. Previously, he served in the state House.
Date: February 13, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: elections
Context: a Senate hearing
Fact-check justification: Burlison said SJR 11 "seeks to fix what is very quickly becoming a problem in Missouri — initiative petitions and referendums are being filed at record highs." The numbers he gave to support his statement are accurate. Last year Missouri witnessed the highest amount of petitions filed per election cycle over the past 12 years. However, the statement leaves out the context that the number of petitions that were approved to circulate did not rise proportionately, and the number of ballot measures remained flat over the years. Therefore, we rate this statement .
Statement: For perspective, Special Session costs you $50k, every single day. That's roughly the average teacher's salary in NC.
Speaker: chaz beasley
About the speaker: Rep. Chaz Beasley is a Charlotte Democrat elected to the N.C. House
Date: August 23, 2018
Location: north carolina
Fact-check justification: The daily cost of operations for the General Assembly, using the most recent numbers available, is about $46,000 if the legislature is in session. That is close to the number Beasley and other Democrats have been using. However, their statements refer to information from almost three years ago, and we have been unable to attain data for this year’s session. And it’s not far off from the average teacher salary. We give this statement a  rating. This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide
Statement: I cut state spending more than anybody (in the 2016 GOP field).
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: August 31, 2015
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;state budget
Context: comments on Twitter
Fact-check justification: Bush tweeted, "I cut state spending more than anybody." He cited a chart by Fox News that experts told us was a valid way of looking at budget reductions. It’s not perfect nor is it the only way to measure spending cuts. Bush’s  is partially  but leaves out context. We rate it .
Statement: 43,000 people are going to be kicked out of nursing homes or denied nursing home entrance" if the Texas House version of the state budget passes into law.
Speaker: joaquin castro
About the speaker: Initially elected to the Texas House in 2002, Joaquin Castro initially won election to the U.S. House in November 2012.
Date: April 4, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: health care;state budget
Context: House floor debate
Fact-check justification: Though a different group estimates a larger number, that’s acknowledged as an educated guess. At this point, all such predictions are speculative. We rate the statement . Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: In Washington, Congressman Joe Heck supports privatizing (Social Security), turning our savings over to Wall Street and risking it on the stock market.
Speaker:  afscme
About the speaker: AFSCME, the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, is the largest public employee and health care workers union in the United States.
Date: August 10, 2016
Location: nevada
Topics: social security
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: A new AFSCME ad claims that Heck "supports privatizing (Social Security), turning our savings over to Wall Street, and risking it on the stock market." Heck has stated an openness to supporting optional, private retirement accounts for people under a certain age as an alternative to the existing Social Security program, but AFSCME is bending the . Despite what the ad implies, Heck has never suggested a mandatory privatization of the entitlement system that would forcibly "turn our savings over to Wall Street." Because this ad is partially accurate but takes things way out of context, we rate it .
Statement: The money supply has doubled in the last year.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: January 27, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: an article on his Web site RonPaul.com
Fact-check justification: Paul said that the money supply has doubled over the past year. But that's not the case if we rely on M1 and M2, the measurements economists generally use when they talk about the supply. Paul's  is based on the M0 -- the monetary base and bank reserves -- which did increase significantly due to explosive growth in the reserves. But most economists do not rely on it as much as they do on the other two. So we find the statement to be .
Statement: Video shows House Speaker Kevin McCarthy announcing U.S. Rep. Nancy Pelosi "will be impeached.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 5, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: He was criticizing a recent hearing of the House select committee investigating the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S.  Capitol.   U.S. senators and representatives generally can’t be impeached . The Senate Historical Office says the legality is "ambiguous," and practically speaking, it doesn't happen. Only once in history — back in 1797 — has the Senate had the chance to affirm that a member of Congress can be impeached, and it passed on that opportunity.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says getting ex-cons to successfully return to society is important "so we are not always faced constantly with recidivism, which is a big problem in the penitentiary today – in the 70 to 80 percent range.
Speaker: william g. batchelder
About the speaker: William G. Batchelder is speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives. He represents the 69th House District, which encompasses most of Medina County.
Date: January 4, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: criminal justice;crime;state budget
Context: an interview on WCPN 90.3 FM
Fact-check justification: Batchelder and the ODRC may be in agreement that lowering recidivism is important. And as speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives, what Batchelder thinks will go a long way toward setting the agenda in the lower chamber of the General Assembly. But his  that recidivism "is a big problem in the penitentiary today – in the 70 to 80 percent range" isn’t even close. And to cite as support a misapplied figure from a report that didn’t exist when he made the statement is . That’s why we rate his statement as .
Statement: Today, the United States has, sadly, one of the lowest voter turnouts of any major country on earth.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: March 22, 2016
Location: california
Topics: elections
Context: a campaign speech
Fact-check justification: Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders has made boosting voter turnout a big part of his presidential campaign . He continued that focus in San Diego by saying the United States "has, sadly, one of the lowest voter turnouts of any major country on earth." Research on the topic shows the United States does, indeed, rank near the bottom in turnout among developed countries. But unlike the U.S., some of those countries require their citizens to cast ballots. And others automatically register them to vote. Sanders’ statement wasn’t , but it left out information that would have helped paint the full picture. We rate his  . In the end, we rate the  .    –  The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for   more   on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says a photo shows CNN chyrons that read, "Democrats ask, 'Why even have a Second Amendment?'" and "CNN Exclusive: China cracks down on pro democracy demonstrators.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 20, 2019
Topics: facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: One 2017 story features Sean Duffy, the former Republican congressman from Wisconsin, discussing gun control laws. The headline is: "Duffy: Dems want to eradicate 2nd Amendment." But we saw none claiming that Democrats are asking "Why even have a Second Amendment? "  Though CNN likewise has coverage of the unrest in Hong Kong, we couldn’t find the story described in the second image, which features a Getty Images photo of riot police firing tear gas at pro-democracy protesters during an August demonstration in Hong Kong. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: The mainstream media pretended there was a deadly surge in COVID cases thanks to Wisconsinites voting.
Speaker: one america news
About the speaker: One America News is a conservative cable news service founded by Robert Herring.
Date: May 8, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;fake news;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook video
Fact-check justification: The One America News Network claimed in a video posted to Facebook that "mainstream media pretended there was a deadly surge in COVID cases thanks to Wisconsinites voting." We didn’t find a single traditional or "mainstream" news outlet that characterized the election-related cases as a surge or anything close to that — much less anything that would support this kind of sweeping generalization. The reports prominently noted the caveat that officials can’t say for certain that the election caused the cases we are aware of, and they had made no exaggerated claims about how large those numbers were. (And, to be clear, the 71 cases certainly don’t constitute a surge.) So Wheeler is flat  in both her  about coverage and the related implication from the use of "pretended" that something was reported  intentionally. We rate this .
Statement: Says Joe Biden has "allowed males to compete in girls' sports.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 25, 2021
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Our ruling  A Facebook post says Biden has "allowed males to compete in girls’ sports." The  seems to be based on an executive order Biden issued that prohibits discrimination based on gender and sexuality in education, but that opponents say will allow transgender females to compete in women’s sports. The executive order does not propose changes to policies or include details about specific programs such as sports. It mandates that federal agencies review programs and policies to be sure they do not discriminate, and to make changes if needed.   We rate this  .
Statement: How many people have with a concealed carry permit have committed a crime in Virginia? ...The answer is zero.
Speaker: bill stanley
About the speaker: Bill Stanley, R-Franklin County, was first elected to the Virgina Senate in 2010. He represents the 20th District in Southside Virginia.
Born in Milton, Fla., he has lived in Virginia since 1983. Stanley holds a bachelor's degree from Hampden-Sydney College and a law degree from the District of Columbia School of Law. He is majority whip in the state Senate. 
Date: July 9, 2019
Location: virginia
Topics: crime;guns
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Van Cleave, one of the most knowledgeable defenders of guns in Virginia, says he’s unaware such statistics exist.  from Texas, which keeps the most comprehensive data, shows its permit holders are far more law abiding than the general public. Even so, 163 Texas permit holders were convicted of felonies last year. We credit Stanley for acknowledging he misspoke, but we have to rate his original radio statement. It was .
Statement: Since Republicans took over after the 2010 election, "the graduation rate in Wisconsin has gone from 86 percent to 88 percent. The black graduation rate has gone from 60 percent to 65 percent. The Latino graduation rate has gone from 65 percent to 71 percent.
Speaker: dale kooyenga
About the speaker: Dale Kooyenga, born February 12, 1979, was elected as a Republican in the fall of 2010 to represent the 14th District for the Wisconsin State Assembly. He was re-elected in 2012. He lives in Brookfield in suburban Milwaukee. Kooyenga, an accountant, is part of the so-called "CPA Caucus" in the Assembly. He is a U.S. Army veteran of the Iraq War and earned a Bronze Star for his service, his official bio states.
Date: May 22, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education
Fact-check justification: Likewise, there was a small increase between those years, following the trend.    Our rating Kooyenga said graduation rates in the state increased thanks to actions by Republicans, including the passage of Act 10.    The numbers did rise, but the trend existed before the GOP took over. What’s more, experts say many other factors are at work and the passage of Act 10 wasn’t followed by significant changes. We rate his  .
Statement: The violent crime rate has risen, and the homicide rate has risen by more than 20 percent in just two years, really after 30 years of decline in violent crime.
Speaker: jeff sessions
About the speaker: Jeff Sessions is President Donald Trump's Attorney General. He was previously a U.S. Senator from Alabama.
 
Date: November 14, 2017
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: public testimony before Congress
Fact-check justification: Sessions said, "The violent crime rate has risen, and the homicide rate has risen by more than 20 percent in just two years, really after 30 years of decline in violent crime." That is accurate, but it needs additional information. The murder rate spoke is driven by a small increase in cases, and still well below historical highs. Experts say the increasing murder rate may be the start of a trend, or could be a random increase before a return to historic lows. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Marco Rubio has "the worst voting record there is today.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 16, 2015
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: the second GOP primary debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said that Rubio has "the worst voting record there is today." He’s accurate if we look at the number of votes missed this year out of the five current senators running for president. Rubio has missed about a third of all votes. If we look at career truancy records, Rubio is a close second to Ted Cruz among the current field. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Rob Portman is "the one who actually sucked the jobs out of the (Mahoning) Valley and sent them to China.
Speaker: lee fisher
About the speaker: Lee Fisher is the former lieutenant governor of Ohio. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2010.
Date: July 31, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: economy
Context: a campaign speech
Fact-check justification: So we go back to Fisher’s words: "He’s the one who actually sucked the jobs out of the Valley and sent them to China." That’s a big responsibility for one man, even if he was trade ambassador for 11 months. Too big, we think. That’s why we rate Fisher’s  . Comment on this item .
Statement: Says North Carolina's "Democratic Secretary of State" controls the state's elections.
Speaker: social media
About the speaker: logo
Date: November 4, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The Students for Trump account suggested that North Carolina’s "Democrat Secretary of State" played a role in the state’s prolonged ballot-counting process. That’s not the case. We rate this  .
Statement: President Obama would never give them long-term funding, and I did … I saved historically Black colleges and universities.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 22, 2020
Location: national
Topics: education;federal budget;race and ethnicity
Context: the final 2020 presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "President Obama would never give them long-term funding, and I did … I saved historically Black colleges and universities." Trump signed the FUTURE Act into law, making a major funding stream for HBCUs permanent beyond 2019. But it’s a stretch to say he "saved" them from financial ruin. The schools received federal dollars, including via the same Title III program, under Obama. We rate this statement . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.  RELATED VIDEO