chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Brett Kavanaugh "refused to uphold key patient protections in the past.
Speaker: demand justice
About the speaker: Demand Justice is a Democratically-aligned advocacy group that has focused on the ties between court appointments and issues related to Democratic concerns.
Date: July 12, 2018
Location: national
Topics: health care;supreme court
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The group Demand Justice said that Kavanaugh refused to uphold patient protections. Looking at the record, it is fair to say that he did not uphold the power of Congress to impose the individual insurance mandate. That is one step removed from upholding patient protections, but Kavanaugh said that the two are tightly linked, and there’s broad agreement on that point. But while he didn’t uphold that power, his dissent didn’t specifically negate it. Outside legal scholars said there’s only so much one can read into his opinion. In oral arguments, Kavanaugh said both that the patient protections are legal and that in order to work in the marketplace, they require the individual mandate.   In his dissent, he avoided saying whether Congress has the power to impose the mandate, thus leaving the viability of the patient protections in limbo. We rate this statement .
Statement: We have ten different tax brackets and if you're making $9,000, you're already in the top tax bracket.
Speaker: eric greitens
About the speaker: Eric Greitens, a combat veteran who served in Afghanistan and Iraq, founded The Mission Continues, a Missouri-based non-profit that helps returning veterans. He won his race for Missouri governor as a Republican in 2016. He resigned on May 29, 2018 after he was charged with felony computer tampering and faced allegations related to an extramarital affair.
Date: March 17, 2016
Location: missouri
Topics: taxes
Context: a gubernatorial debate
Fact-check justification: Greitens said, "We have 10 different tax brackets, and if you’re making $9,000, you’re already in the top tax bracket." The plain meaning of "making $9,000" is that’s how much a person earns. However, the Missouri tax brackets aren’t based on gross income but on income after deductions and exemptions. Those reduce a person’s taxable income, which is the basis of the chart Greitens had in mind. A person making $9,000 would fall in the fourth tax bracket, closer to the bottom, and certainly not at the top. Most people would understand Greitens to be talking about gross income, and in this case, his statement falls far short of the mark. We rate this  .
Statement: 'The View' settles with the Rittenhouses for $22 million and a formal apology.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 13, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The News Portal post circulating on social media includes no such caveat.   It’s similar to other blog posts that share stories that originated on satire sites as if they were real news. Among them: A November 2021  that Rittenhouse filed a $60 million lawsuit against "The View" hosts Joy Behar and Whoopi Goldberg. That was , and so is this.   We rate this post .
Statement: In a watershed 1958 decision, "the Warren court asserted by itself that the Supreme Court was supreme over the president and the Congress.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: December 18, 2011
Location: national
Topics: history;legal issues
Context: an interview on CBS' "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: In attacking the Supreme Court for its power relative to the other branches of government, it’s understandable that Ginrgich has zeroed in on Cooper vs. Aaron . It is an unusually strong statement of the court’s primacy. But in doing so, Gingrich gets two things , leaving out crucial context. He says the decision claimed that "the Supreme Court was supreme over the president and the Congress," when in fact the decision dealt with the court’s primacy over state officials. Meanwhile, he  how much of a watershed the 1958 decision was. There was a tradition of judicial review going back to 1803, and the court had repeatedly curtailed both presidential and congressional power in the years between. On balance, we rate his statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/154167aa-a11c-47e9-973f-f2bb7d90a584
Statement: The number of small businesses is up 30% compared to before the pandemic.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: December 1, 2021
Topics: economy;small business
Context: remarks at the White House
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "The number of small businesses is up 30% compared to before the pandemic." Biden was citing a real statistic, but he described it incorrectly. In reality, there has been a 30% rise compared with late 2019 in a certain type of tax-related applications that are widely used as a proxy for small business formation. This statistic shows that the number of newly created small businesses is up 30%, not the total number of small businesses. We rate the statement .
Statement: A family of four can make up to $88,000 a year and still get a subsidy for health insurance" under the new federal health care law.
Speaker: helen glover
About the speaker: Helen Glover has been with WHJJ radio since 2005 and was a finalist in the 2002 season of the TV show Survivor.
Date: September 7, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: health care
Context: a radio talk show
Fact-check justification: Glover, quoting a talk show guest, said a family of four with an income of $88,000 would be eligible for a health insurance subsidy. That figure is actually $1,400 below the threshold to receive a subsidy. And it’s in 2011 dollars, meaning that by 2014, when exchanges are scheduled to begin operation, it could be adjusted upward to reflect inflation. While the diagnostic services of our -O-Meter are not covered by any known health plan, we administer them freely. This  gets a . Comment on this ruling on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page. And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.
Statement: Murray Energy is "the largest coal company in the United States.
Speaker: joe manchin
About the speaker: Joe Manchin is a U.S. senator from West Virginia. The former governor of West Virginia won a special election in November 2010 to complete the balance of the late Sen. Robert Byrd’s term.
Date: October 29, 2019
Location: west virginia
Topics: energy
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Manchin tweeted that Murray Energy is "the largest coal company in the United States." He flubbed the description -- Murray Energy is the largest privately held coal company, but not the largest coal company overall. If you include both private and public coal companies. Murray ranks fourth in the country. That makes it one of the largest, but not the largest. We rate the statement .
Statement: Remember, Obamacare created a new category of eligibility. Working-age, able-bodied adults with no dependents for the first time became eligible for Medicaid if their income is below 138 percent of the poverty level. We're going to continue that eligibility. No one loses coverage.
Speaker: pat toomey
About the speaker: Pat Toomey is a U.S. senator from Pennsylvania, having won election to his seat in 2010 by defeating Democratic Rep. Joe Sestak. Toomey occupies the seat formerly held by Sen. Arlen Specter, to whom he narrowly lost in the 2004 Republican U.S. Senate primary.
Date: June 25, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: health care;medicaid
Context: On "Face The Nation"
Fact-check justification: He said "no one loses coverage," leaving his comment open for multiple interpretations. As Rosenbaum said, "Senator Toomey conflates two things." So Toomey is correct that eligibility for a certain class of adults who qualify for Medicaid under Obamacare and previously hadn’t continues under the Senate plan. But it’s possible, even likely, individuals enrolled in Medicaid under the Obama expansion would lose coverage if states decline to cover the shortfall they’ll face after the federal government reduces its share of expanded Medicaid costs. We rule the  .
Statement: Says the sons of Nancy Pelosi, Mitt Romney and John Kerry are all on the boards of "energy companies doing business in Ukraine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 7, 2019
Topics: corrections and updates;families;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Several Facebook posts claimed that the sons of Biden, Pelosi, Romney and Kerry are on the boards of "energy companies doing business in Ukraine." Beyond Hunter Biden’s already well-known tenure as a board member for Ukrainian energy company Burisma (which ended in spring 2019), this  is  and represents a  attack against those who have spoken out against Trump. Pelosi’s son, Paul, briefly served on the board of an American energy company before it dissolved in 2010, but there’s no  the company had dealings with Ukraine while he held that seat. Kerry stepson, Chris, has worked with Hunter and another former Burisma board member in the past, but he severed ties after they joined the energy company in 2014. There is no  that any of Romney’s sons have served on the board of any energy companies with ties to Ukraine. We rate these Facebook claims . This article was updated Oct. 16, 2019, to define SH-boxes.
Statement: There are hit squads being trained all over this country" to violently oppose a second term for President Donald Trump.
Speaker: michael caputo
About the speaker: Michael Caputo is the assistant secretary for public affairs at the Department of Health and Human Services. Caputo is a former adviser to Donald Trump. He also ran Carl Paladino's 2010 gubernatorial campaign.
Date: September 13, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;crime;new york
Context: a Facebook video
Fact-check justification: Caputo said "there are hit squads being trained all over this country" to violently oppose a second term for Trump. Post-election protests featuring violence are a real possibility, experts said, and there are some left-wing groups that believe in openly carrying firearms. But experts who track domestic terrorism and extremist groups said there’s no basis to Caputo’s  that these groups are organizing nationwide as "hit squads" and "being trained" to carry out widespread political assassinations should Trump win on Election Day. We rate this statement . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Says Tom Hanks' name is on Jeffrey Epstein's flight logs.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 27, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The flight logs, which became public through civil lawsuits by women who said they were sexually abused by Epstein, were handwritten by his pilots. The logs can be found online in a few places, and Business Insider compiled a searchable database for subscribers of every known flight made by his private planes. There are certainly some noteworthy names , such as Naomi Campbell and President Bill Clinton (who issued a statement about the plane rides shortly after Epstein’s arrest), but Hanks’ name is not there. Other  lists of alleged passengers have included President Barack Obama, former Vice President Joe Biden, former U.S. Sen. Hillary Clinton, the late U.S. Sen. John McCain, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and even Pope Francis, to name a few.   As for this , we rate it .
Statement: Proposed fast-track legislation allows presidents to "easily use a future trade deal to override our domestic financial rules.
Speaker: elizabeth warren
About the speaker: Elizabeth Warren is a senator from Massachusetts. Warren was elected to the Senate in 2012 and was re-elected in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024. Warren received a bachelor’s degree in speech pathology and audiology from the University of Houston and a J.D. from Rutgers Law School. In 2019, she announced her race for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 5, 2020.
Date: May 5, 2015
Location: national
Topics: financial regulation;foreign policy;trade
Context: remarks at the Institute for New Economic Thinking
Fact-check justification: Warren said proposed fast-track legislation would allow presidents to "easily use a future trade deal to override our domestic financial rules." It’s not entirely far-fetched that a trade deal could impact domestic financial rules -- in fact banks and some countries are pushing to make financial regulation part of ongoing negotiations with the European Union. And fast-track legislation would remove some congressional hurdles. However, that doesn’t mean the process would be easy. Negotiations take many years, and there are other obstacles that could stop watered-down financial regulations from making it into a final deal. Additionally, it is pure speculation that this fast-track bill in particular would result in scaled-back Dodd-Frank rules. We rate Warren’s  .
Statement: Says President Donald Trump this week will sign an executive order creating term limits for Congress.
Speaker: youtube videos
About the speaker: Videos uploaded to YouTube.
Date: January 22, 2020
Topics: congress;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Last January, we reviewed Trump’s promise to enact term limits and noted that he supported a bipartisan group of lawmakers who wanted term limits. But no major progress has been made on that end and, at the time, we rated it Promise Broken. A YouTube video claims that Trump this week will sign an executive order creating term limits for Congress. The video narrates an article from a satire website. We rate the  .
Statement: Obama "only wants your children to have health insurance.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: February 28, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Hanging Rock, Ohio
Fact-check justification: • It would provide income-related subsidies to help people who don't qualify for Medicaid but still need financial help to buy coverage. • It would require employers to provide health insurance for their workers, or contribute to the cost of the insurance. If Clinton had said that Obama's plan "does not mandate insurance for adults," she would have been on solid ground. But she didn't and, given that Obama's plan has elements to expand coverage for adults, it is simply  to say he " only wants your children to have health insurance." We find her statement to be .
Statement: In Oregon, 12,808 people were arrested for marijuana-related crimes in 2012.
Speaker: new approach oregon
About the speaker: New Approach Oregon is a group backing an initiative that would legalize recreational use of marijuana in Oregon.
Date: June 26, 2014
Location: oregon
Topics: marijuana
Context: a website statement
Fact-check justification: While the way the number is listed in the state report is confusing, officials have clarified the record. Citing it any other way earns it a rating of . Thoughts? Questions? Comment on this piece at OregonLive.com .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "voted to raise taxes on workers earning as little as $41,500.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: August 19, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: taxes
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Republican Party of Florida said on Facebook the Hillary Clinton "voted to raise taxes on workers earning as little as $41,500." Clinton voted for a nonbinding Senate resolution in 2008 that envisioned a world where many of the Bush-era tax cuts would have been allowed to sunset, as intended, at the end of 2010. In that world, tax rates would have gone up for someone making about $41,500 a year. But Clinton also said that had she been elected president, she would not have supported such a change and promised not to raise taxes on anyone making less than $250,000 a year. Neither action ultimately mattered -- Clinton’s vote didn’t carry the force of law and she lost the Democratic nomination to Barack Obama. The Republican Party of Florida’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Republicans actually doctored emails between administration officials about Benghazi. Then, they released them to the press, trying to pass them off as real.
Speaker: democratic national committee
About the speaker: The Democratic National Committee is the national organization of Democrats.
Date: May 24, 2013
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;terrorism
Context: an email to supporters
Fact-check justification: The Democratic National Committee claimed to its supporters that "Republicans actually doctored emails between administration officials about Benghazi. Then, they released them to the press, trying to pass them off as real." But when we asked, Democrats didn’t provide  that discrepancies resulted from anything more than sloppy note-taking, or that journalists had been snookered into believing they had seen the original messages. ABC News, in fact, took responsibility for imprecision in its story. Hayes of the Weekly Standard says no one tried to misrepresent summaries that were leaked to him as actual emails. It’s certainly possible the leaker’s  notes were intended to deceive. But Democrats have failed to prove that’s the case. Their  about doctoring  could use some . We rate it .
Statement: Photo shows Joe Biden groping Jen Psaki.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 17, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But later that month, a blog posted a  news story with a doctored photo that showed Biden’s hands much higher, on her chest. A bottle of Wild Turkey bourbon also appears to be sticking out of his pocket. We rated claims that the photo was authentic . Now that Psaki’s been edited into the image, we’re upping the ante. !
Statement: Our own National Security Agency says that (Iran's) nuclear ambitions are advancing, and at the same time ... we are slashing our own nuclear arsenal.
Speaker: sean hannity
About the speaker: Sean Hannity is a conservative political commentator and hosts a nationally syndicated radio show, as well as two television shows on the Fox News Channel. In a 2013 interview Hannity said that he is a “registered Conservative” and ”not a Republican, though people often mistake me for one.” Hannity has authored three books.
Date: September 22, 2009
Location: national
Topics: military;pundits
Context: his Fox News program
Fact-check justification: It was even one of Obama's campaign promises . But the statement implies that this is a change in strategy under Obama. In fact, it is a continuing policy that began under President Reagan (a Hannity favorite). And while Obama may talk of a nuclear free world, it's in long-range terms. So we find Hannity's  .
Statement: The Clinton Foundation is sending water to Houston "for $7 a bottle.
Speaker: ourlandofthefree.com
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news. 
Date: August 30, 2017
Topics: environment;fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: (PolitiFact fact-checked several claims related to the foundation and how it compares to the Trump Foundation .) Bill Clinton has supported national relief efforts in the past, but that was done through separate partnerships. For instance, he worked with former President George H.W. Bush to create a charity, the Bush-Clinton Katrina Fund , to help survivors of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. A  from OurLandofTheFree.com that the Clinton Foundation is charging $7 per bottle of water sent to Houston after Hurricane Harvey is made up. We rate it !
Statement: In New York state, "you cannot charge an older person even one dollar more than a younger person" for health insurance.
Speaker: chris collins
About the speaker: Chris Collins is the Republican congressman representing New York's 27th Congressional District.
Date: March 16, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: health care
Context: a CNN town hall
Fact-check justification: Collins said in New York "you cannot charge an older person even one dollar more than a younger person" for health insurance. Collins is right. New York state has barred insurance companies from pricing based on age for more than two decades. Experts say the Affordable Care Act did not impact that law, and its would-be Republican replacement would not have either. We rate his  .
Statement: Sen. Mark Kelly voted "for benefits to illegals.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: April 25, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: immigration;stimulus
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: A video ad from the NRSC claimed Kelly voted "for benefits to illegals," citing two votes related to the stimulus checks sent out during the COVID-19 pandemic.   However, immigrants in the country illegally, for the most part, have not been eligible for any of the three versions of stimulus checks sent out during the pandemic since a Social Security number is required for eligibility. Neither of the two votes cited by the NRSC changed these eligibility requirements. The statement is not accurate. We rate it .