chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Georgia lawmakers balanced the budget without raising taxes on residents.
Speaker: casey cagle
About the speaker: Casey Cagle, a Republican, is the lieutenant governor of Georgia
Date: September 5, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Some of the discussion turns into a semantic debate concerning what's a fee and what's a tax -- and whether there's truly a difference. We won't be able to settle that here. On the tax relief grant, while its demise wasn't technically a tax increase, the effect is that Georgia property owners are paying more. In all, we found Cagle's statement accurate but needs clarification on the tax relief grant. By the definition of our -o-Meter, that rates as .
Statement: When it comes to income taxes, Wisconsin is "one of the best places in the country to be poor" but "top 4 or 5 worst" for middle-income earners.
Speaker: robin vos
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Rep. Robin Vos, R-Rochester, has represented western Racine County in the state Assembly since 2004. In November 2012, he was elected Assembly speaker. Vos previously served on the Racine County Board of Supervisors, from 1994 to 2004.
Date: November 8, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: The ITEP study also shows the rankings falling as income rises. Our rating Vos said that when it comes to income taxes, Wisconsin is "one of the best places in the country to be poor" but "top 4 or 5 worst" for middle-income earners. He’s  on target here, based on credible tax studies showing a very low burden on the working poor, compared to a very high burden on many middle-income earners. Not all the middle-income earners face a top-5 tax burden, though: It’s top-10 for some in the middle-class as he defined it. We rate his  .
Statement: President Barack Obama has the "power to stop deportation for all undocumented immigrants in this country.
Speaker: obama's heckler
About the speaker: A heckler questioned President Barack Obama over immigration policy during a speech in San Francisco on Nov. 25, 2013.
Date: November 25, 2013
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: comments during the president's speech
Fact-check justification: While giving a speech in San Francisco, President Barack Obama was heckled and told he has the "power to stop deportation for all undocumented immigrants in this country." Our experts say any executive action that sweeping would violate the separation of powers between Congress and the executive branch. Obama has taken some executive action to temporarily keep more undocumented immigrants in the United States, and likely could do more, but not to the permanent point that the heckler argues. We rate his  .
Statement: Students today "take more years to get through" college.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: January 28, 2012
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: comments at a campaign event
Fact-check justification: Gingrich said that students today "take more years to get through" college. While graduation rates are lower than experts would like them to be, it's not  that students are taking longer to graduate from four-year institutions. The percentage graduating on time at four-year colleges has actually risen consistently in recent years. The only exception to this pattern is at two-year colleges, where the percentage of students graduating within three years has fallen slightly. On balance, we rate the statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/670cf7ee-39a3-41a7-9d3a-e6c3459864a0
Statement: Obama says McCain went to Bermuda and "pledged to protect tax breaks for American corporations that hide their profits offshore.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 23, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The company is based in Bermuda. Insurance and reinsurance companies in Bermuda are a high-profile issue, with U.S.-based insurance companies seeking to reverse a treaty with Bermuda that they say puts them at a disadvantage compared with their Bermuda-based competitors. The Obama campaign phrases McCain's comments in a negative light, but gets the substance largely correct. McCain said he would oppose attempts to change current law in regards to Bermuda, though he singled out the insurance and reinsurance industries for protection rather than all types of industries. We rate Obama's statement .
Statement: Says North Carolina Republican Senate candidate Thom Tillis "called Obamacare 'a great idea.'
Speaker: kay hagan
About the speaker: Kay Hagan served one term as a Democrat representing North Carolina in the U.S Senate.
Date: April 17, 2014
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: Hagan’s ad says Tillis "called Obamacare ‘a great idea.' " That’s a severely edited quote. What Tillis actually said was that Obamacare is "a great idea that can’t be paid for." Pulling out that tiny sound bite gives a highly  view of what Tillis said in the interview. In reality, both sides in this contest are trying to have it both ways. Tillis wants to trumpet his opposition to Obamacare for a Republican primary audience that detests the law, yet downplay the reality that the across-the-board repeal he calls for would eliminate some broadly popular provisions. Hagan, for her part, is trying to argue that Tillis privately supports the very Obamacare he fiercely opposes in public. But to make that argument, she’s relying on extraordinarily thin . We rate Hagan’s  .
Statement: Actually, Reagan was a Democrat before he was a Republican.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: March 28, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a U.S. Senate primary debate on FOX News Sunday
Fact-check justification: Reagan was a Democrat, added Yager, even when he voted for Dwight D. Eisenhower. Reagan had considered switching by 1960, said Yager, but there were some in the Nixon camp who "thought he might be more effective (as a supporter) by maintaining his Democrat registration and affiliation and cutting into Democratic voters." It may be among the great, forgotten flip-flops in political history that evolved into a laugh line for a man venerated for his ideological adherence to the principles of the Grand Ole Party. But Crist was correct when he invoked it. We find his  to be .
Statement: Data on violent crime shows Wisconsin "has become less safe than it was when Scott Walker took office.
Speaker: wisconsin professional police association
About the speaker: The Wisconsin Professional Police Association is the largest law enforcement labor union in the state, representing local police, sheriff’s deputies and other officers. It serves almost 11,000 active and retired members in 380 locals. It does not represent Milwaukee police officers, who are covered by a separate union. The WPPA engages in collective bargaining and legislative lobbying.
Date: September 25, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: city budget;city government;county budget;county government;criminal justice;crime;state budget
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Our rating The Wisconsin Professional Police Association union said: Data on violent crime shows Wisconsin "has become less safe than it was when Scott Walker took office." In 2012, Walker’s second year in office, violent crime increased and he reduced funding to local governments. But the available violent crime data cover only about half of Walker’s time in office, so the union’s statement is based at best on a partial picture. Beyond that, a number of factors other than the governor bear on the rate of violent crime. For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is .
Statement: There are over 700,000 Americans on some watch list or another that would all be captured" in a Democratic amendment intended to stop suspected terrorists from buying guns.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: December 6, 2015
Location: national
Topics: homeland security;guns
Context: an interview on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Rubio said, "There are over 700,000 Americans on some watch list or another that would all be captured" in a Democratic amendment intended to stop suspected terrorists from buying guns. Under the Democrats’ proposal, the attorney general would have some discretion in denying firearms to people on the FBI’s consolidated terrorist watchlist. While it’s reasonable to estimate that there are 700,000 people on this list, only a small fraction are American citizens or legal residents. Experts said it’s likely that only about 10,000 are Americans, while the rest are foreigners. We rate Rubio’s  .
Statement: A New England Journal of Medicine study found that vaccinated people are "5X more contagious than the unvaccinated 10 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 18, 2022
Topics: science;facebook fact-checks;health check;coronavirus
Context: a video shared on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A video shared on Facebook claimed that a study found that vaccinated people were "5X more contagious than the unvaccinated 10 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection." The study in question found that people infected with COVID-19’s delta or omicron variant shed virus and were potentially infectious for a median of six to eight days — and up to 10 days — after the onset of symptoms or their initial positive PCR test.  It also reported no differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients when it came to the amount of time it took for a PCR or viral culture test to switch from positive to negative.  We rate these claims .
Statement: As Governor, Wolf has already proposed more than $8B in tax increases.
Speaker: paul mango
About the speaker: Paul Mango is a Western Pa. healthcare consultant and candidate for governor of Pennsylvania.
Date: July 24, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: taxes
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Mango asserted at a campaign kickoff event that Wolf has requested "nearly $6 billion in taxes" since taking office. His campaign revised that estimate to more than $8 billion, which is approximately the total revenue estimate from tax changes in Wolf’s three budgets combined. But one expert says looking at the proposals cumulatively is , as proposed changes that did not pass were modified and carried over from one year to the next. We rate this  .
Statement: He's (Romney) the one who said that he would be to the left of Teddy Kennedy on gay rights.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: November 26, 2007
Location: national
Topics: lgbtq
Context: MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: O'Brien said she would support legislation to legalize gay marriage, while Romney said he would not. After Romney won the election, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled in 2004 that gays and lesbians must be allowed to marry in Massachusetts, making it the first state to confer that right. Romney fought it every step of the way. While he didn't say that he would "be to the left of Teddy Kennedy on gay rights," he did say he would be a more effective gay rights advocate than Kennedy because of his centrist/moderate stance. So apart from the license he takes with Romney's wording, Giuliani's attack is  and demonstrates just how far Romney has shifted to the right since his first foray into politics in 1994.
Statement: Says the estate tax is a threat to family farms.
Speaker: kentucky opportunity coalition
About the speaker: The Kentucky Opportunity Coalition is a 501(c)4 nonprofit with a stated goal of "long-term positive change with fewer additional regulatory burdens and taxes." It supports incumbent Sen. Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., in the 2014 race for U.S. Senate.
Date: April 1, 2014
Location: national
Topics: agriculture;taxes
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The Kentucky Opportunity Coalition ad said the estate tax is a threat to family farms. If the exemption levels are changed, more farmers could be affected. Bureaucratic and accounting hurdles to avoid the tax can be difficult to navigate without assistance. But most of the statistical  says that the vast majority of farms bequeathed to relatives don’t pay any estate taxes at the current exemption level. Even fewer are in a position where they can’t pay the liability. And there are provisions that make the payment process easier for farmers than other estate holders. Further, the estate tax generally most affects the very wealthy. Nearly 98 percent is paid by the top 5 percent of earners. The statement has an element of  but leaves out important details that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says Scott Walker said "Labor unions don't deserve to have a national holiday" due to their damage to the economy. And the holiday "should be replaced by Patriots Day, celebrated every year on 9/11.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 5, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Indeed, the group got more than the alleged Walker quote . It also mixed up Patriot’s Day (April 19), which marks the first battles of the Revolutionary War, with Patriot Day , which is Sept. 11 -- the day of the terrorist attacks on the United States. Our rating A Facebook meme attributed a  quote to Gov. Scott Walker saying Labor Day should be replaced by Patriots Day. Walker never said such a thing, and this site has a track record of falsely attributing statements to conservatives. We rate the  .
Statement: Video shows "Trump supporters lining up on Fifth Ave in Manhattan on Sunday.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 19, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Photos and videos as well as news coverage about that October 2020 day show similar scenes as those that appear in the video now on Facebook. And there are clues in the clip itself. The Trump flags say 2020, and a bus can be seen advertising " The Comey Rule ," a 2020 Showtime show. Shawn Farash, a self-described head of the group "Long Island Loud Majority," one of the main groups to demonstrate on Fifth Avenue in 2020, told Reuters that this video is from that event.   We rate claims it shows protesters in 2023 .
Statement: Approximately 43 percent of all college grades today are A's, an increase of 28 percentage points since 1960.
Speaker: thomas lindsay
About the speaker: Thomas K. Lindsay, who joined the Texas Public Policy Foundation in September 2012, is a past president of Shimer College in Chicago and previously worked for the National Endowment for the Humanities and at the University of Dallas, according to his foundation biography.
.
Date: January 12, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: an opinion column
Fact-check justification: Lindsay wrote that about 43 percent of all college grades today are A's, an increase of 28 percentage points from 1960. That’s supported by a 2011 study covering grades from 1960 into the 2000s, making this  .
Statement: House Democrats have passed more than 275 bipartisan bills this Congress.
Speaker: veronica escobar
About the speaker: Veronica Escobar took office in 2019 as the U.S. Representative for Texas’ 16th Congressional District in El Paso. She was previously a County Commissioner and a County Judge.
 
Date: February 4, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: bipartisanship;congress;corrections and updates
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Escobar said: "House Democrats have passed more than 275 bipartisan bills this Congress." Escobar counted bills as bipartisan if they had at least one Republican vote in favor or at least one Republican co-sponsor. Political experts said that her measurement is not , but it doesn’t conform to a general understanding of the term.  Using the higher bar for measuring bipartisan legislation offered by these experts — support from a majority of members of both parties — plus counting legislation that passed on a voice vote, the total comes to 251 bills, which is close to Escobar’s . Overall, her statement needs clarification. We rate it . Correction:  This article has been revised to correct the spelling of Gov. Gretchen Whitmer's name.
Statement: Twitter suspended a swimmer for tweeting about Lia Thomas.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 22, 2022
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Gyorgy has complained about NCAA rules that allowed Thomas to compete against her and other swimmers "who are biologically female." In a March 20 letter to the NCAA, Gyorgy said: "Every event that transgender athletes competed in was one spot taken away from biological females throughout the meet. "   But the Twitter account that apparently expanded on this letter did not belong to Gyorgy, and it was not Gyorgy who was suspended from the platform.   We rate this post .
Statement: NOT A JOKE: Ilhan Omar Tells Residents 'You Don't Have to be Registered to Vote' in Minnesota.
Speaker: sean hannity
About the speaker: Sean Hannity is a conservative political commentator and hosts a nationally syndicated radio show, as well as two television shows on the Fox News Channel. In a 2013 interview Hannity said that he is a “registered Conservative” and ”not a Republican, though people often mistake me for one.” Hannity has authored three books.
Date: November 3, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Access to the ballot box is a priority for us, I know it's a hard concept for republican to understand." The state allows same-day registration, which is what Omar referenced. Hannity’s  is . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Joe Biden and the Democrats want to prosecute Americans for going to church, but not for burning a church.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 20, 2020
Location: national
Topics: race and ethnicity;religion;coronavirus
Context: a campaign rally
Fact-check justification: Trump said that Biden and other Democrats were in favor of prosecuting churchgoers, but didn’t want to prosecute people for burning churches.  We didn’t find any leading Democrats who said they wanted to prosecute churchgoers for disobeying social distancing rules.  We also didn’t find statements from Biden or other leading Democrats that people who set fires at churches shouldn’t be prosecuted. In fact, Biden and other leading Democrats spoke out against violence and burnings that took place at some Black Lives Matter demonstrations. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Poll after poll after poll shows me beating Hillary.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: April 7, 2016
Location: national
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: But in only one of those polls was Cruz's margin greater than the margin of error. If you use the most recent results from the various polling organizations since Feb. 4, Cruz wins in two, ties in two and loses in seven. We contacted Cruz's spokeswoman to ask about the results but didn't hear back. So when Cruz says he beats Clinton in poll after poll after poll, he's short a poll or two. We rate his  .
Statement: We have pay equity. When you think about that wage gap, we all know it's 78 cents to the dollar. Well, in New York state it's 90 cents to the dollar.
Speaker: kathy hochul
About the speaker: Kathy Hochul, a Democrat, is the governor of New York state. She is a former member of Congress.
Date: May 25, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: labor;women
Context: a speech at City & State’s State of NY Women forum
Fact-check justification: Hochul said the gender wage gap in New York state is "90 cents to the dollar." Hochul is close to what federal data and research groups report as the wage gap in New York state. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics says women in New York make close to 87 percent of what men make. Researchers say it is closer to 89 percent. Hochul's numbers are slightly off. The data reveals a gender pay gap, but her point that New York state has a significantly smaller gap compared with the national average is correct. We rate her  .