chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The CBO just said if we cut this (unemployment benefits) extension, we will kill jobs, because those people who are looking for work won't have any money to spend.
Speaker: david madland
About the speaker: David Madland is the director of the American Worker Project for the liberal-leaning Center for American Progress.
Date: December 6, 2013
Topics: economy;jobs;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of CNN's "Crossfire"
Fact-check justification: Madland said the Congressional Budget Office found that a failure to extend unemployment benefits would kill jobs. Madland's language is close, but goes a step too far. The CBO said that extending unemployment benefits would spur growth and add about 200,000 jobs. The CBO did not conclude that failing to do so would result in the loss of jobs. As such, we rate this  .
Statement: The "stand your ground" law caused the shooting death of Trayvon Martin.
Speaker: senate majority pac
About the speaker: Senate Majority PAC is a super PAC that works to elect Democrats to the U.S. Senate.
Date: October 28, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: legal issues;crime;guns
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: A Senate Majority PAC radio ad said, "Tillis even led the effort to pass the type of ‘stand your ground’ laws that caused the shooting death of Trayvon Martin." The part we focused on is whether Florida’s "stand your ground" law killed Trayvon. There are plenty of factors that could have contributed to George Zimmerman shooting Trayvon including racial profiling and his desire to be a law enforcement officer (not to mention the obvious: his access to a gun). And the "stand your ground" law could have influenced the jury’s decision to acquit Zimmerman of murder. However, it is an overstatement to suggest that the law is to blame for Trayvon’s death. We rate this  .
Statement: We have the most educated … workforce in the entire nation.
Speaker: jb pritzker
About the speaker: J.B. Pritzker is Illinois' 43rd governor and a former Chicago venture capitalist and entrepreneur.
Date: July 31, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: education
Context: a video on Twitter
Fact-check justification: Pritzker said Illinois has "the most educated workforce … in the entire nation." But census figures show the state ranks tenth for the share of its workforce that holds a Bachelor's degree or higher. When pressed, Pritzker’s campaign made no attempt to back up his , restating it as a matter of opinion rather than fact. Pritzker’s praise for the educational prowess of Illinois’ workforce is not entirely out of left field, but it falls well short of the numbers. We rate it .
Statement: In Hawaii, "they don't have a history of throwing incumbents out of office.
Speaker: michael steele
About the speaker: Michael Steele is the chairman of the Republican National Committee. He was formerly the lieutenant governor of Maryland, serving from 2003 to 2007.
Date: May 23, 2010
Location: national
Topics: elections;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's 'This Week.'
Fact-check justification: It happened once since Hawaii became a state, in 1962, when Republican William Quinn lost to Democrat John Burns. Back to the statement by RNC Chairman Steele. He said Hawaiians don't have a history of throwing incumbents out of office and said that Djou's election to Congress in May means Republicans have a good shot of keeping the seat in November. While we're not in the business of predicting the outcome of House races, no incumbent has ever lost a November congressional election in Hawaii. We rate Steele's  .
Statement: Says New Jersey U.S. Rep. Leonard Lance was "rated among the most bipartisan in Congress.
Speaker: congressional leadership fund
About the speaker: The Congressional Leadership Fund is a super PAC exclusively dedicated to protecting and strengthening the Republican Majority in the House of Representatives.
Date: September 27, 2018
Location: national
Topics: bipartisanship
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: How one views Lance can depend on ideology and agendas. There are plenty of partisan votes when he sides with his party, as the interest-group ratings show. Yet he crosses the aisle at times, especially on sponsorships and co-sponsorship, and sometimes on important messaging or substantive bills.  How do we put all this together? The Congressional Leadership Fund did not say Lance was the most bipartisan member but, rather, that he was rated among the most bipartisan. Based on one standard -- sponsorships and co-sponsorships -- he was. Yet it helps to have this additional information, including the views of other rating systems and groups. We rate the  .
Statement: Owen in MA vs. Owen in RI … Advantage:Rhode Island.
Speaker: gina raimondo
About the speaker: Gina Raimondo served a four-year term as Rhode Island's general treasurer beginning in Jan. 4, 2011 before being elected governor in 2014. She cofounded and served as a general partner of Point Judith Capital. She is a graduate of Yale Law School and a Rhodes Scholar. She is married with two children.
Date: January 26, 2016
Location: rhode island
Topics: corporations;economy;jobs
Context: economic development report
Fact-check justification: There are lots of factors, beyond salaries and rental costs, that govern which state is best for GE or best for Owen. But when looking only at Owen’s prospective salary and rental costs, it’s clear Rhode Island is more advantageous for GE, which was the target of Raimondo’s presentation. The ruling is . The question that can’t be answered, of course, is how much Owen might value living in Boston’s Seaport district as opposed to, say, Providence’s West End.
Statement: Says President Barack Obama made it "legal" for the media to "purposely lie" to the public when he "quietly signed into law HR 4310 in 2012.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 20, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims Obama made it legal for the media to "purposely lie to the American people" when he signed H.R. 4310 into law in 2012, "allowing propaganda to be used on the citizens of the USA by its own government, essentially repealing the Smith-Mundt Act of 1948, banning the use of domestic propaganda." Obama did sign H.R. 4310 into law, also passing the Smith-Mundt Modernization Act of 2012. But the bill did not make it legal for independent, private-sector media outlets to present outright  information to the public. Instead, it allowed government-sponsored news like Voice of American to be broadcast in the United States. It removed restrictions on U.S.-generated news from being presented to American audiences.   The  is not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Newark is "now home to one-third of all commercial and multi-family development.
Speaker: cory booker
About the speaker: Cory Booker is a senator from New Jersey. He was first elected to the Senate in 2013, making him the first African-American senator from New Jersey and the first African-American elected to the Senate since Barack Obama in 2004. Booker served as mayor of Newark from 2006 until 2013. He has a bachelor's degree in political science and a master’s degree in sociology from Stanford University, an honors degree in United States history from The Queens College as a Rhodes Scholar and a J.D. from Yale Law School. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and suspended his campaign in January 2020.
Date: September 10, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: corrections and updates;housing
Context: an e-mailed campaign letter
Fact-check justification: Booker said in a campaign e-mail, Newark is "now home to one-third of all commercial and multi-family development." Data from a real estate development firm compiling statistics for Booker showed that in terms of square footage, Newark accounted for 35 percent – or a bit more than a third -- of the residential and commercial real estate growth last year in New Jersey. So he’s right on that point. But in terms of building permits and value of new construction, Newark can  just 3 percent of that total. Given that point, the ruling is . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: The Obama administration has even joined Islamist governments in sponsoring a U.N. resolution that would shred our First Amendment by threatening to make discussion of radical Islamism potentially illegal.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: March 28, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: terrorism
Context: a campaign email
Fact-check justification: Sen. Ted Cruz said that the Obama administration has "joined Islamist governments in sponsoring a U.N. resolution that would shred our First Amendment by threatening to make discussion of radical Islamism potentially illegal." The United States in 2011 voted in support of United Nations Human Rights Council Resolution 16/18, which promotes religious tolerance. That approval only came after the U.S. and its western allies successfully negotiated to have language criminalizing blasphemy dropped from the resolution to ensure it comports with free speech rights and the First Amendment. Cruz’s interpretation of the resolution’s wording, one expert said, more closely resembles that of Islamist governments than the Obama administration. We rate this  .  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Europe and other nations (need to) contribute to Ukraine. Because they're not doing it. Just the United States. We're putting up the bulk of the money.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 24, 2019
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: an exchange with reporters at the UN
Fact-check justification: Trump said the Europeans are not contributing to Ukraine and that only the United States is. In terms of military aid, the statement overlooks that NATO and individual European nations have spent over 10 million euros on equipment and training to help Ukraine’s military. However, the United States has provided the lion’s share of military aid. Where the statement strays widely from the facts is on the nonmilitary side. There, the countries of Europe, individually and through multilateral European bodies, have done much more for Ukraine than the United States. The foreign policy experts we reached said both kinds of aid are necessary for Ukraine’s security. We rate this  . RELATED STORY:   Trump’s Ukraine call, a whistleblower and the Bidens: What we know, what we don’t RELATED STORY :  Read the declassified whistleblower complaint on Ukraine, Biden and Trump
Statement: A video shows a dog trying to reach her puppies after the Turkey-Syria earthquake.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 8, 2023
Topics: natural disasters ;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) Animal Aid Unlimited , an animal rescue center, hospital and sanctuary in India, posted the footage on its verified Facebook account in August 2019, writing that the dog was trying to "free her buried babies who were trapped after a house collapsed in the rain." The man in the clip can be seen wearing an Animal Aid Unlimited shirt. There’s no mention of an earthquake.   We rate claims that this clip was filmed after the Turkey-Syria earthquake .
Statement: An "anti-Black Lives Matter" flag replaced the American flag behind President Trump during a Waukesha campaign rally.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 24, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;legal issues;wisconsin
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims an "anti-Black Lives Matter" flag replaced the American flag behind Trump during a Waukesha campaign rally. To be sure, the flag itself violates the U.S. Flag Code, and should not be considered a legitimate U.S. flag by those standards.  In terms of the Facebook , The image and description -- that the flag has taken on greater prominence at the Trump rallies in Wisconsin -- is on target. And the Thin Blue Line flag has become a prominent part of the pro-police Blue Lives Matter movement -- which arose to counter the Blak Lives Matter movement. That said, while it is possible to support both, Trump has made clear he opposes the Black Lives Matter protests -- and made that opposition, and a strong law-and-order message, a prominent part of his re-election campaign. So, those attending the rally or seeing the images could easily see the flag as an "anti Black Lives Matter flag." We rate the  .
Statement: Tim Tebow used to "kneel in prayer and the NFL complained.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 16, 2022
Topics: religion;sports;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In college, Tebow was known for wearing eye black emblazoned with Bible verses — like the time he wore "John 3:16" under his helmet for the Gators’ 2009 championship win. But in 2010, the NCAA banned players from wearing eye black showing words of any kind, a move nicknamed the "Tebow rule." The NFL already had a similar rule. That’s not what the Facebook post was talking about. So we rate it .
Statement: Photo shows "Kamala Harris's parents.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 11, 2020
Location: california
Topics: candidate biography;race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: According to a 2011 census , 92.1 percent of Jamaicans are Black, with genetic studies showing that the vast majority hail from sub-Saharan Africa.   Harris’s father Donald J. Harris is a former Stanford economics professor . Her late mother, Shyamala Gopalan, died of cancer in 2009, seven years before the picture at the gala was taken.   This post does not show Harris’s parents. We rate this !
Statement: Says Donald Trump has "given more money to Democratic candidates than Republican candidates.
Speaker: ben ferguson
About the speaker: Ben Ferguson is a conservative radio show host and pundit.
Date: July 2, 2015
Topics: campaign finance;elections;punditfact
Context: comments on CNN
Fact-check justification: We can’t say definitively that his  is  at all levels of government, since we don’t have the local data. But public records show that the real estate tycoon has actually contributed around $350,000 more to Republicans at the state and federal level than Democrats. That, however, is a recent development. Ferguson’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts. We rate it .
Statement: FDA approval means nothing when you realize the FDA also approves pesticides in our food!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 23, 2021
Topics: environment;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that "FDA approval means nothing when you realize the FDA also approves pesticides in our food!" The FDA does not approve pesticides in food. The EPA sets limits for safe levels of pesticide residue on food, and the FDA monitors the food supply to enforce the limits. The FDA’s approval process for vaccines begins with three phases of clinical trials to establish their safety and efficacy, and a review of data from clinical and non-clinical trials along with other supporting documentation. We rate this  .
Statement: In 2008, tourism brought in $38 billion dollars and supported more than 300,000 jobs in the state of New Jersey.
Speaker: frank lautenberg
About the speaker: Frank Lautenberg is a Democratic senator representing New Jersey.
Date: November 13, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs;tourism
Context: a speech on the floor of the U.S. Senate
Fact-check justification: How widespread is tourism in New Jersey’s economy? A 2008 tourism economic impact study shows that the bulk of tourism spending that year -- 33.4 percent -- was in the greater Atlantic City region. The Shore area, from about Monmouth/Ocean counties down to Cape May, was next, at 28.4 percent; Gateway area (northern New Jersey), 21.5 percent; Delaware River region, 9.2 percent; Skylands region (northwestern part of state), 7.4 percent. New Jersey tourism spending dipped a bit during the recession, but numbers have remained strong, with spending at $38.8 billion, revenues (federal, state and local taxes) at $7.7 billion and tourism-related jobs at 359,000. Here's a look at New Jersey tourism during the past five years:
Statement: Says Joe Biden "voted to expand deportations and indefinite detention for immigrants multiple times.
Speaker: weston pagano
About the speaker: Weston David Pagano is co-founder of Tranverso Media, a culture magazine. He wrote a viral essay criticizing a few of the Democratic candidates for president in June 2019 which was published on Medium.
Date: June 24, 2019
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: an essay on Medium
Fact-check justification: Pagano said Biden "voted to expand deportations and indefinite detention for immigrants multiple times." Biden voted for bills in 1996 that gave the federal government more power to detain and deport immigrants. Biden wasn’t an outlier in the Senate; these measures passed with wide majorities with significant Democratic support and were signed by Clinton. "Indefinite detention" is a tricky term that obscures the goal of the legislation. It was meant to detain immigrants until they were deported — not to detain them with no end in sight. It would be more precise to refer to the legislation as requiring mandatory detention. We rate this statement .
Statement: Wisconsin's Government Accountability Board "wanted to consider Mickey Mouse and Adolf Hitler as valid signatures on recall petitions.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: October 12, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;legal issues
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The process would not have immediately struck them. Rather, it would have flagged them for review. And there were numerous layers of scrutiny before it would have been determined valid. Walker took a  statement and embellished it. We rate his  .
Statement: Actor Tom Hanks has passed away age 63.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 16, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The Daily Mail published the photos of Hanks that appear in the Facebook post in May 2020. Captions on the images say Hanks is in Los Angeles, not Australia.   On April 11, Hanks,  hosted a special remote episode of "Saturday Night Live." And in January, Hanks, now 64,  hosted an evening celebration of President Joe Biden’s inauguration.   We rate this Instagram post !
Statement: Says Barack Obama "referred to the carnage that took place in Benghazi as a conspiracy theory.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 9, 2018
Topics: elections;fake news;foreign policy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a website post
Fact-check justification: After misquoting Obama it went on to say, "There’s solid reason to believe that Hillary was aware of an impending attack but never pulled her team out of there or made efforts to further secure the embassy and/or compound." The website then, without , claimed that "Obama has consistently hid behind the fact that compromised Republicans never dared impeach him for his criminal use of the IRS, the EPA, the CFPB, the CIA, the FBI, the DOJ, and the Department of State." Bold words, and like, the , untethered to facts. Obama did not call Benghazi a conspiracy theory. We rate this  .