chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: McCollum admitted he didn't think that the subprime mortgage crisis was a big deal, telling reporters he thought that the subprime collapse had been exaggerated by the media and investors and that 'it's not the end of the world.'
Speaker: florida democratic party
About the speaker: the Florida affiliate of the Democratic Party.
Date: May 8, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: financial regulation;housing
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: And when they use McCollum's actual words, they quote him out of context. They portray McCollum as a callous state official who belittlies the overall impact of the subprime crisis. But his comment was referring to the impact on the state's investments, not on homeowners. That's a big difference. !
Statement: Photo shows a man who tortured his daughter's rapist.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 27, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The caption of the photo, attributed to the European Pressphoto Agency, says: "A South African resident is arrested by police after allegedly looting and clashing with foreign residents during a xenophobic march by the Mamelodi Concerned Residents through the streets of Pretoria. "  We couldn’t find any news reports detailing what’s claimed in the Instagram post. A 2014 Independent headline came close: "Father ‘cooked dinner for his daughter’s rapist before torturing and killing him.’" The story says the father of a 14-year-old daughter reportedly burned her "alleged attacker’s genitals with hot tongs before he died." But this  is .
Statement: If you're a low-wage worker and you're single and don't have children, we're literally taxing you into poverty.
Speaker: gwen moore
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore is a Democratic member of Congress, representing Wisconsin's 4th District, which primarily includes Milwaukee. Moore, who served in the state Legislature from 1989 to 2004, was elected to Congress in 2004.
Date: October 30, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;poverty;workers;taxes
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: Moore said "If you’re a low-wage worker and you’re single and don’t have children, we’re literally taxing you into poverty." Moore, in her statement, did not define the terms she was using, but experts we talked to were able to create plausible scenarios and found that -- in at least limited scenarios -- she is on target.  For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, our rating is .
Statement: There were "63 murders this weekend" in Chicago and Mayor Rahm Emanuel's legacy is "more murders in his city than ever before.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: August 6, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: crime
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: There were too many shooting deaths in Chicago over the weekend, but nowhere near 63. And murders in Chicago began surging in 2016, but the numbers are still well below the city record of 970 set decades ago. The murder tally, while high under Emanuel, is nowhere near the worst in city history. It is possible Giuliani may have confused shootings with murders. Or, he may have simply been misinformed. Or, he may have made it all up. It’s impossible to tell, though it is worth noting that Giuliani’s numbers were quickly and widely called into question by news reports yet he did not seek to clarify them or delete his tweets. But Giuliani is not only a former New York mayor, he was also once a crime-busting U.S. attorney in that city. If anyone should have a feel for what is real and unreal when it comes to urban violence, it’s Giuliani. Yet he disseminated a wildly exaggerated , and that is why we rate it !
Statement: For the first time in nearly two decades, we produce more oil here in the United States than we buy from the rest of the world.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 16, 2014
Location: national
Topics: economy;energy;trade
Context: a speech at North Carolina State University
Fact-check justification: Obama said the United States is producing more oil domestically than it’s importing from the rest of the world for the first time in nearly two decades. That  is on the money. However, a lot of this has been in the works for awhile, including dynamics that pre-date the Obama administration. Experts told us the new dynamic is due to factors like the recession, increased fuel efficiency and ramped up domestic oil production. As a simple statement on where we stand on oil exports vs. imports, though, Obama’s  is accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Climate change is a naturally occurring phenomenon that can be tracked throughout prehistoric eras.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: January 17, 2023
Topics: climate change;science;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post says, "Climate change is a naturally occurring phenomenon that can be tracked throughout prehistoric eras." Earth’s climate has naturally changed in the past, partly because of variations in the planet’s orbit, which affected how much solar radiation the planet received. But the scientific consensus is that human activity is mainly driving current changes in the Earth’s climate. The increase in manufacturing and burning of fossil fuels led to large releases of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, trapping heat and causing global temperatures to rise.  We rate this  .
Statement: Says President Donald Trump "cut funding from the Justice Department to investigate these domestic terrorist groups, these white supremacist groups.
Speaker: cory booker
About the speaker: Cory Booker is a senator from New Jersey. He was first elected to the Senate in 2013, making him the first African-American senator from New Jersey and the first African-American elected to the Senate since Barack Obama in 2004. Booker served as mayor of Newark from 2006 until 2013. He has a bachelor's degree in political science and a master’s degree in sociology from Stanford University, an honors degree in United States history from The Queens College as a Rhodes Scholar and a J.D. from Yale Law School. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and suspended his campaign in January 2020.
Date: March 27, 2019
Location: national
Topics: crime;race and ethnicity;terrorism
Context: South Carolina
Fact-check justification: Booker said Trump "cut funding from the Justice Department to investigate these domestic terrorist groups, these white supremacist groups." For , Booker pointed to cuts to programs from a separate agency -- Homeland Security. He didn’t cite  of funding cuts in the Justice Department. In addition, Booker cited as an example the Countering Violent Extremism grant program which set to run out of funds this summer. This program funds terrorism prevention in local communities, not investigations. In 2017, the Trump administration did rescind two Obama-approved CVE grants to groups that had expertise in neo-Nazis, far right extremism or white supremacy. We rate this statement .
Statement: Large parts of Florida" have experienced "years of below average rainfall.
Speaker: associated industries of florida
About the speaker: Associated Industries of Florida is a lobbying group focused on business issues.
Date: February 6, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: environment
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The Associated Industries of Florida said in its press release that "large parts of Florida" have experienced "years of below average rainfall." While parts of Florida have had below-average rainfall, we also saw years of above-average rainfall. Climatologists told us the state overall is doing fine, thanks to the years when it was above average. Most recently, 2013 was the 14th or 15th rainiest year on record since 1895. While the record on rainfall is mixed, there are other issues that affect water levels in the aquifer. Overpumping for residential and commercial uses, especially during dry spells, has a lot to do with the dwindling water supply as well, but AIF, which lobbies for business interests that pump from the aquifer, makes no mention of that. The  is partially accurate, but leaves out important details. We rate the statement .
Statement: Black and Latino people in NYC are arrested at TEN times the rate of white people for virtually the same rate of marijuana usage.
Speaker: kirsten gillibrand
About the speaker: Kirsten Gillibrand is a senator from New York. Gillibrand was appointed as senator in 2009 to fill Hillary Clinton’s vacated seat, as Clinton became U.S. Secretary of State under Barack Obama. Gillibrand won a special election in 2010 to retain her senate seat and won re-elections in 2012 and 2018. From 2007 to 2009, she served as the representative of New York’s 20th Congressional District. Gillibrand received a bachelor’s degree in Asian Studies from Dartmouth College and a J.D. from UCLA School of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in August.
Date: April 20, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: criminal justice;marijuana
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Gillibrand said blacks and Latinos in New York City are arrested at 10 times the rate of whites for marijuana possession, despite using it at about the same rate as whites. State data proves Gillibrand’s . Nine percent of people arrested for marijuana possession in the city last year were white versus 86 percent that were black or hispanic. Analyses of federal data also shows white people report using marijuana about as much as black people. We rate her  .
Statement: You can go to Georgia and make about $6,000 more a year as a teacher.
Speaker: martin kiar
About the speaker: Martin David "Marty" Kiar, a Democrat from Davie and an attorney, served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2006-2012. He then won a seat on the Broward County Commission and was chosen by his peers to be the mayor for the year in November 2015. He is running for property appraiser in 2016.
Date: December 14, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a meeting
Fact-check justification: So are teachers raking in $6,000 more a year in Georgia than Florida? We are using average teacher pay in both states because we found that the best single figure for comparison.  By looking at the 2008-09 data from the states' education departments, we find that teachers in Georgia earn about $6,200 more than in Florida. If we look at the most dependable NEA data published, for 2008-09, we find a difference just shy of $6,000. Kiar said "about $6,000," so we rate this  .
Statement: U.S. debt is "now equal to 100 percent of the GDP.
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: August 10, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Problem is, local and state debt are not part of the broad, divisive debate that led to creation of the new super committee. Portman’s committee is dealing with federal deficits and debt, not the debt of Parma. And when Portman said "the U.S. debt now equals 100 percent of the GDP," it was clear -- as it has been from weeks of debate in Washington -- which debt he meant. The gross debt hasn’t reached 100 percent, but it will. Portman’s statement is not 100 percent accurate, but at 97 percent-plus, it’s close enough to merit a rating of .
Statement: Says Gov. Doug Ducey wants to use "taxpayer dollars to increase the salaries of private prison guards.
Speaker: arizona house democrats
About the speaker: The Arizona House Democrats are a government organization representating Democrats in the state's House of Representatives. 
Date: June 20, 2016
Location: arizona
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Arizona House Democrats said, "Gov. Ducey wants to use public, taxpayer dollars to increase the salaries of private prison guards." That’s literally accurate. The state contracts with GEO Group to manage the Kingman prison in question, but GEO pays its correctional officers. And if the state purchases Kingman, it would use $2 million for raises for the prison staff. The major caveat is those raises would be more-than-offset by money the state says it will save with the purchase of the Kingman facility. We rate the  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/b727fd22-c36b-4f91-ad5f-87aa110b8c1a
Statement: Says 77 percent "of Portland's students finish elementary school without taking even one art class.
Speaker: creative advocacy network
About the speaker: The Creative Advocacy Network is a group that seeks to expand access to the arts
Date: December 1, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: education
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In an effort to draw some attention to the lack of arts education at the elementary school level, the Creative Advocacy Network tweeted a pretty shocking statistic: 77 percent of all Portland elementary school children graduate without having taken one art class. They based this statement on the fact that most schools don’t employee dedicated art teachers. The statement is  but needs some context. Students throughout Portland -- and Oregon -- are being exposed to visual arts in different ways through different programs. We rate this  .
Statement: A proposed revenue smart cap "gives Floridians a voice, requiring a 60 percent vote by citizens in order to impose a new tax, fee, license, fine, charge or assessment.
Speaker: andy gardiner
About the speaker: Andy Gardiner was elected to the state Senate in 2008 for Senate District 9. Previously, he was a member of the Florida House of Representatives.
Date: March 15, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a press statement
Fact-check justification: In prepared remarks praising the passage of a Senate bill that would tighten a cap on the amount of revenues the state could collect, Gardiner tried to suggest the legislation also requires 60 percent of voters to approve any new tax or fee. It doesn't. Voters could be asked to raise the revenue cap, or lawmakers could do it on their own. And the proposal talks about revenue collections in general, not specific taxes or fees. We rate Gardiner's statement .
Statement: Thanks to (Israel's) sacrifice, we now know that natural immunity is far superior with 1% experiencing re-infection while 40% of new cases were previously vx'd.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 28, 2021
Topics: israel;public health;science;coronavirus
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed, "Thanks to (Israel's) sacrifice, we now know that natural immunity is far superior with 1% experiencing re-infection while 40% of new cases were previously vx'd." The figures lack important context. Calling natural immunity "far superior" ignores the dangers of contracting COVID-19, which is how natural immunity occurs. And the  ignores the effectiveness of the vaccines in preventing hospitalization and severe illness.  Data shows that among Israelis who experienced breakthrough infections, COVID-19 vaccines were 88% effective against hospitalization and 91% effective against severe illness. And with a majority of its population vaccinated, Israel has seen huge reductions in serious cases and deaths.  The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Republican recall challenger Jonathan Steitz "failed to pay his taxes.
Speaker: greater wisconsin committee
About the speaker: The Greater Wisconsin Committee is a liberal group active in Wisconsin state politics, from legislative races to statewide offices. It receives money from a variety of sources, including labor unions. Its campaign ads are typically done through the Greater Wisconsin Political Fund.
Date: August 4, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;taxes
Context: campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Let’s go to the -O-Meter. The Greater Wisconsin Committee made a flat statement -- "Jonathan Steitz failed to pay his taxes." There is a basis for it in that nine years ago Steitz failed to make one monthly sales tax payment for a business he owned. But the  leaves out important details -- namely, that he paid up two months later and there is no  he failed to pay other taxes. That fits our definition for .
Statement: Oklahoma 100% coronavirus test rate after Trump Tulsa rally.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 29, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: I have a cardinal rule that I violated there, that if a statistic sounds too wild to be , it probably is. I’m going to remind myself of that in the future." Oklahoma City TV reporter Dillon Richards had already knocked down the original article, tweeting : "Not only are these dates  (this is referring to Sunday and Monday) ... Oklahoma generally doesn't report negative tests on Sundays and Mondays, so the rate always appears to be 100% when it really isn't." We rate the original post .
Statement: As speaker, Gingrich even supported taxpayer funding of some abortions.
Speaker: restore our future
About the speaker: Restore Our Future is a super PAC run by supporters of Mitt Romney.
Date: December 20, 2011
Location: national
Topics: abortion;message machine 2012
Context: a video ad
Fact-check justification: Restore Our Future’s ad said that "as speaker, Gingrich even supported taxpayer funding of some abortions." His remarks on Face the Nation in 1995, when he said "I think you should have funding in the case of rape or incest or life of the mother," align with that statement. While he was serving in Congress, he voted for the Hyde Amendment, which bans public funding of abortions except under those three circumstances. That’s a position widely embraced by those who want to restrict abortion. The ad implicitly portrays Gingrich as opposing those interests. While its wording is accurate, its message is . We rate it .
Statement: Faced with $1 million in campaign debt," Scott Walker "is unloading his campaign security costs onto the backs of Wisconsin taxpayers.
Speaker: katrina shankland
About the speaker: Katrina Shankland was elected as a Democrat to the State Assembly in 2012 and re-elected in 2014. As of 2015 she was serving as assistant minority leader. She lives in Stevens Point in Assembly District 71 in central Wisconsin.
Date: January 29, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: campaign finance;debt;state budget;transportation
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Our rating Shankland said: "Faced with $1 million in campaign debt," Scott Walker "is unloading his campaign security costs onto the backs of Wisconsin taxpayers." For future political trips, Walker is returning to the practice of taxpayers paying for travel expenses for his state security team. But Walker is not unloading any of his presidential campaign debt onto taxpayers, including travel expenses for the security team. His campaign has already reimbursed the state for those expenses. For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is .
Statement: Saudi Arabia has ordered $450 billion, "$110 billion of which is a military order," producing "over a million jobs.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 20, 2018
Location: national
Topics: jobs;foreign policy;trade
Context: an exchange with reporters
Fact-check justification: Trump said that Saudi Arabia has ordered $450 billion from U.S. companies, including $110 billion in military contracts, representing over a million jobs. Orders on that scale don’t exist. There is no data behind the $450 billion, and the $110 billion is a blend of smaller deals in progress, old offers that have not come through, and speculative discussions that have yet to move forward. Trump’s claims about jobs ignores the long runway between signed agreements and actual delivery and payment. He treats spending that could play out over a decade as if it were spent in one year. More importantly, if the $450 billion in orders is a mirage, the 1 million jobs is equally without substance. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Tim Michels "opposes closing the loophole that allows domestic abusers to buy guns.
Speaker: a better wisconsin together
About the speaker: A state-based research and communications hub for progressives.
Date: September 12, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: constitutional amendments;criminal justice;legal issues;guns
Context: Campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The A Better Wisconsin Together Political Fund said Tim Michels "opposes closing the loophole that allows domestic abusers to buy guns." During a Republican primary forum, Michels noted: "I want to make sure that law-abiding gun owners aren’t having their guns confiscated because an angry ex, ex-spouse, makes a complaint." And in a radio interview, he said "You just can’t have somebody make a complaint against you, and… your Second Amendment right be taken away. Now, that won’t happen here in Wisconsin, when I’m governor." Michels through his statements suggests that closing this gun law loophole would be equivalent to taking away a Second Amendment right.  We rate this  .