chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Since 2009, "we've cut homelessness (among veterans) by a third.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 21, 2015
Location: national
Topics: housing;veterans
Context: an online interview with "The Daily Show"
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "Let’s take something like homelessness among veterans. So we’ve cut that by a third." According to the most recent, best available data, he’s right. During his tenure, homelessness among veterans has decreased 32.57 percent. However, that number is based on estimates that have an element of uncertainty. Also, funding to end homelessness among veterans has received bipartisan support in Congress. Still, Obama’s point is largely accurate, and we rate his statement .
Statement: President Barack Obama's Fiscal Year 2013 budget proposal "couldn't get support from either party in the House or the Senate.
Speaker: kelly ayotte
About the speaker: Kelly Ayotte is a U.S. Senator representing New Hampshire as a Republican. She was the first woman to serve as her state's attorney general. Appointed to that position in 2004 by a Republican governor, she was twice reappointed by a Democratic governor.
Date: December 2, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: federal budget
Context: an interview on CNN’s State of the Union
Fact-check justification: Neither amendment earned a single vote from either party. However, these amendments represented only a skeleton of the president’s budget, and the sponsors offered them to score political points, not for serious consideration. Further, Ayotte said Obama’s budget couldn’t get "support" -- she never used the word "votes." And the  is Democrats in both the House and Senate showed plenty of support for Obama’s $3.2 trillion budget plan by praising it when it was released. We rate Ayotte’s  .
Statement: In our proposal, we would have expanded school aid across the board … Governor Christie slashed school aid in this budget, preferring instead to extend a tax break for millionaires over funding in the classroom.
Speaker: jim whelan
About the speaker: State Sen. Jim Whelan is a Democrat from Atlantic County.
Date: July 5, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Let’s recap. Whelan said, "Governor Christie slashed school aid in this budget" and Christie did cut funds from the Legislature's proposal. And although Christie slashed school aid in his first year as governor, he in fact increased school aid year over year from Fiscal Year 2011 to Fiscal Year 2012. For these reasons, we rate Whelan’s statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Republicans in the General Assembly cut teacher pay so much when they took over in 2011 that even with recent pay raises, we are still below pre-Recession pay levels.
Speaker: jd wooten
About the speaker: JD Wooten is a Democrat and lawyer from Whitsett, NC.
Date: September 28, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: education
Fact-check justification: Wooten said, "Republicans in the General Assembly cut teacher pay so much when they took over in 2011 that even with recent pay raises, we are still below pre-Recession pay levels." Wooten is correct that North Carolina’s teachers are still receiving salaries that are lower on average than what they were getting before the recession, when adjusted for inflation. He did not specify in his ad that he was talking about inflation-adjusted average teacher pay, which could have confused readers. More importantly, his attempt to pin the full blame for the state’s below-average teacher salaries on the GOP was , as Democratic leaders were responsible for the heaviest teacher pay cuts in the wake of the recession. Since the statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate this  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide.
Statement: Says Jill Schupp has shown a "disturbing pattern of putting sex offenders over our safety.
Speaker: ann wagner
About the speaker: Ann Wagner is a Republican representing a U.S. House district in Missouri.
Date: August 18, 2020
Location: missouri
Topics: criminal justice
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Citing four votes taken by Schupp, a Wagner ad claims Schupp has shown a "disturbing pattern of putting sex offenders over our safety." The text of Wagner’s ad focuses on four votes, including Schupp’s opposition to putting on the ballot a constitutional amendment that allows prior conduct to be used as  in cases against some sex offenders. But in claiming a pattern, the ad cherry picks votes, ignoring a number of other legislative actions Schupp took to try to to strengthen laws against sex offenders. In all, Wagner’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That’s our definition of .
Statement: Says Josh Mandel's campaign is under FBI investigation
Speaker: workers' voice
About the speaker: Workers' Voice is a "super PAC" affiliated with the AFL-CIO
Date: June 19, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: campaign finance;elections;crime
Context: an online ad
Fact-check justification: He replied, "Any contribution includes a contributor and a recipient. Josh Mandel’s campaign was the recipient, and is therefore being investigated by the FBI as a party in that transaction." The FBI presumably knows whom or what it is investigating, and was clear on this. It is not investigating Mandel. To say otherwise is .
Statement: Illegal "immigration is lower than it's been in 40 years.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: March 11, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: a Democratic National Committee reception
Fact-check justification: Obama said illegal "immigration is lower than it’s been in 40 years." Worth noting: There’s no direct indicator of illegal immigration. Folks don’t report in. But the best-available metric, Border Patrol apprehensions, reached a 44-year national low in 2015. Still, apprehensions along the U.S.-Mexico border were even lower four years before. The previous Southwest sector low occurred in 1972. Significantly too, Obama didn’t  credit for this change. We rate his Austin statement .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says withdrawing troops from Afghanistan could save the U.S. $50 billion.
Speaker: mark pocan
About the speaker: Mark Pocan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2nd Congressional District on Nov. 6, 2012. He is from Madison and previously served as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin state Assembly. 
Date: May 21, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: afghanistan;federal budget
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Pocan claimed in a tweet that the country could save $50 billion a year by pulling troops out of Afghanistan.  The U.S. could save up to $50 billion, or as little as $7 billion on withdrawing troops, according to one expert. But that just covers one side of the ledger.  There are many other potential costs that must be accounted for, such as the possibility of a small residual force left on the ground in Afghanistan, mental and physical health care for veterans returning home, or even the higher cost of housing active troops as they return to the states.  One expert suggests that leaving Afghanistan, at least in the short term, will likely cost the U.S. more than it saves, because of the need to continue funding counterterrorism infrastructure, end contracts with local entities and pay for removing equipment from the landlocked country.  Our definition of  is a statement "contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression." That fits here.
Statement: 1/3 of our kids drop out (of high school), cannot go to college or start a career.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: October 27, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: corrections and updates;education
Context: a fundraising letter
Fact-check justification: Bush said that "1/3 of our kids drop out (of high school), cannot go to college or start a career." Traditional dropout figures peg the dropout rate at 3 percent to 6 percent, and even the most generous failure-to-graduate figures are running no higher than 22 percent for the U.S. population as a whole. The percentages are higher for African-American and Hispanic students, and at the most expansive level they can reach one-third. However, Bush’s  said nothing limiting the statistic to minority students, so using this  to back up that  is . The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it . Clarification:  The headline on this story has been changed to better reflect the statement we fact-checked.
Statement: John McCain stood up to the president and sounded the alarm on global warming ... five years ago.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: June 17, 2008
Location: national
Topics: environment
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Manik Roy, director of congressional affairs for the Pew Center on Global Climate Change, said McCain had actually been working on the climate change bill in 2001, but it got delayed after the 9/11 attacks. The Lieberman-McCain bill ultimately failed in October 2003 by a 43-55 vote, but Roy said it was a key step in "educating the Senate" about how government could respond to global warming. "It is absolutely correct that McCain stood up on this issue, forced the Senate to focus on this issue when nobody else thought it made sense and did it with strong opposition from the White House," Roy said. He called McCain "a huge leader on this issue in the Senate." And so we find McCain's statement to be .
Statement: Says the mother of Covington student Nick Sandmann said "I only wish the pioneers had brought more blankets with smallpox.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 21, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: One Twitter user caught on before @gauchoguacamole disappeared from the platform. "Everyone is posting a tweet by Julie Sandmann, but look at the Twitter handle," the person tweeted . @gauchoguacamole is just trying to add fuel to the fire." This  is bogus. We rate it !
Statement: We now have a pro-American president in France, which shows if you live long enough, anything can happen in this world.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: July 21, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: South Portland, Maine
Fact-check justification: He pulled France's troops out of NATO's command structure to signal independence from Washington in 1966, though ultimately he leaned sharply away from the Soviet Union and toward the United States in the Cold War. So yes, a strain of anti-Americanism runs through French foreign policy and culture, flaring up at times and mellowing out at others. But French presidents have long been pro-American in the most important sense, maintaining their alliance with the United States. And if it's France's objection to the invasion of Iraq that McCain's audience is concerned about, he's  them to suggest Sarkozy is very different. But Sarko is Amricain in some respects, so we find McCain's  to be .
Statement: The federal government "can cut all of the non-military discretionary spending and not balance the budget.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: February 14, 2011
Location: national
Topics: deficit;federal budget;medicare;military;social security
Context: an interview on Fox Business News
Fact-check justification: That’s a full $1.14 trillion more than the $2.17 trillion in taxes and other income the government is expecting to collect for 2011. So the government would have a trillion-dollar-plus deficit in 2011 even without spending anything on non-security discretionary spending. Now, Paul did say "non-military" rather than "non-security," which is a slightly different measurement, since the Department of Homeland Security and a few other security-related programs outside the Defense Department are categorized under the "security" heading. But the dollar amounts involved are not enough to make a difference in evaluating his statement. So we rate Paul’s statement .
Statement: Social Security "was basically invented" at the University of Wisconsin-Madison; "that's where Franklin Roosevelt got the idea.
Speaker: russ feingold
About the speaker: Russ Feingold served as a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Wisconsin from 1992 until 2010, when he was defeated for re-election. An attorney, he previously served 10 years in the Wisconsin Legislature. Following his Senate defeat, he founded Progressives United, which says it mission is to "stand up to the exploding corporate influence in our political system by organizing and amplifying the voices of those who believe that corporations have too much power." Feingold is running against U.S. Sen. Ron Johnson, the man who defeated him, in the 2016 election.
Date: October 7, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;history;social security
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Wilbur Cohen , who served as a research assistant to Witte after graduating from UW-Madison in 1934. Cohen sat on the Committee on Public Administration of the Social Science Research Council and also advised the Social Security Board. Current UW-Madison professor Pamela Herd agreed that Wisconsinites tied to the university were key figures in the development of Social Security. "There were a lot of people involved in the creation of this program, but some of the most important players were from Wisconsin," said Herd, an expert on Social Security. Our rating
Statement: Says authorities found 39 children in a double wide trailer in Georgia and it's not the biggest news story in America.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 28, 2020
Topics: children;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  Authorities didn’t disclose where the children were found, but there is no  that it was in a "double wide trailer. "  It also doesn’t appear that all 39 children were found in the same location, according to the release. CBS News reported that investigators fanned out across two Georgia cities, Atlanta and Macon, to locate the children. Meanwhile, the story received nationwide coverage from news outlets that include ABC News , CNN , CBS News , Fox News , NBC News, the Hill , the Atlanta-Journal Constitution , and People magazine.   This  is .
Statement: 50 percent of murders in Texas have been linked to illegal aliens.
Speaker: gavin mcinnes
About the speaker: Gavin McInnes is a co-founder of Vice Media and a frequent Fox News guest.
Date: June 22, 2015
Topics: immigration;crime;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "The Greg Gutfeld Show"
Fact-check justification: McInnes said that 50 percent of murders in Texas have been linked to illegal aliens. The source of this stat ultimately tracks back to a criminologist who used it as a way to debunk a , not because he thinks it’s valid. Current data from the Texas Department of Public Safety show that undocumented immigrants are not associated with 50 percent of murder charges or convictions. McInnes’ statement is a mighty exaggeration. We rate this  .
Statement: Democrats in Congress "had control since January of 2007. They haven't passed a law making waterboarding illegal. They haven't gone into any of these things and changed law.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: May 10, 2009
Location: national
Topics: human rights;legal issues;terrorism
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: But they were stopped by a presidential veto. So Gingrich's statement that they "
haven't passed a law making waterboarding illegal. They haven't gone into any of these things and changed law," is only  because of the veto. The Democrats certainly tried to pass a law that would have had the effect of outlawing waterboarding. We rate his statement .
Statement: Pennsylvania Federal Court grants legal authority to remove Trump after Russian Meddling.
Speaker: today news 24
About the speaker: Obscure website with liberal slant
Date: December 16, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: elections
Context: In an article
Fact-check justification: Scholars say the particulars of the 1993 case and this year’s election are not similar.    Plus, the headline doesn’t say it’s a possibility. It says the court has granted authority to remove Trump. No federal court in Pennsylvania has done that. We rule the  .
Statement: Says U.S. Senate rival Tammy Baldwin supports a "tax increase that President Obama says" would cost middle-class families $3,000 per year.
Speaker: tommy thompson
About the speaker: Tommy Thompson, a Republican, was a 2012 candidate for the U.S. Senate from Wisconsin. He served as governor of Wisconsin from 1987 until 2001, when he left office to become President George W. Bush's secretary of health and human services. He previously spent 20 years in the Wisconsin Assembly. Thompson briefly ran for president, withdrawing in 2007.
Date: October 8, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: congress;families;message machine 2012;taxes
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Our rating Thompson said Baldwin supports a "tax increase that President Obama says" would cost families $3,000 per year. Thompson falters in making the  in the present tense when he’s referring to a vote Baldwin took in 2010. Baldwin did vote no on a law that prevented middle class taxes from increasing by $3,000. But she supported extending tax cuts for the middle class and she voted for a another measure, which failed, that also would have prevented the $3,000 middle-class tax hike. We rate Thompson’s statement .
Statement: The CDC in mid-May quietly changed its international travel recommendations to require fully vaccinated people to test negative for COVID-19 before flying to the United States.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 25, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Reviewing archived versions of the web page, we found that language has appeared on the site since at least April 2 , the first date for which there are archived versions of the page . But news reports show that this guidance has been around for even longer. On March 8, ABC News and USA Today reported that the CDC had provided new recommendations for fully vaccinated Americans that day but it didn’t update or relax travel measures and advised against traveling at all. ABC then reported that "if people plan to travel they should get vaccinated if possible, get tested before and after the trip, wear a well fitting mask, and maintain distance from others when possible, the guidance says. "  We rate the  that the CDC in May quietly changed its recommendations for fully vaccinated travelers .
Statement: We (Georgia) collect fewer state taxes per capita than any other state … although state taxes are low, Georgia is the eighth-most-dependent state on the federal government.
Speaker: jason carter
About the speaker: Jason Carter was elected to the Georgia Senate in May 2010, representing portions of DeKalb County. He is an attorney at the business litigation firm of Bondurant, Mixson & Elmore, LLP. Carter is the grandson of former U.S. president and Georgia governor Jimmy Carter.
Date: May 27, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: a meeting
Fact-check justification: On federal government dependence, analysis of census data shows that Georgia was the ninth-most-dependent state in fiscal 2011. Carter’s overall point is that Georgia is fostering a smaller state government but at the same time relying heavily on federal funds. He seems correct on that point. But his calculations were slightly off.    We rated his  .