chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: MikeHuckabee.com gets "more hits than virtually any other presidential candidate.
Speaker: mike huckabee
About the speaker: Mike Huckabee ran for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former governor of Arkansas; he also sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. He left hosting a self-titled television show on Fox News in January 2015.
Date: November 14, 2007
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Huckabee is not as familiar, so interested voters are going to check out his site. "It's been a long year," said Julie Barko Germany, deputy director of the Institute for Politics, Democracy & the Internet at George Washington University. "So fresh faces like Ron Paul and Huckabee are starting to get a little more attention." While www.mikehuckabee.com might never share the same celebrity as www.myspace.com or www.thefacebook.com, for now Huckabee has the right to brag about his Web popularity. Given his use of the word "virtually," we give him a ruling of .
Statement: U.S. unemployment among people ages 16 to 24 is "18.4 percent, which is a 60-year high.
Speaker: matthew rothschild
About the speaker: Matt Rothschild is the executive director of the Wisconsin Democracy Campaign. Prior to joining the Democracy Campaign at the start of 2015, Rothschild worked at The Progressive magazine for 32 years. For most of those, he was the editor and publisher of The Progressive.
 
 
 
 
Date: October 4, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs;occupy wall street;workers
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: We don’t know, of course, how the year will end up. Our conclusion Rothschild said unemployment among people ages 16 to 24 "is 18.4 percent, which is a 60-year high." The 18.4 percent is correct as the average rate for 2010, and that average annual rate is the highest in more than 60 years. More recent figures, however, show the unemployment rate among people ages 16 to 24 has dipped below 18 percent in 2011, at least through August. We rate Rothschild’s statement .
Statement: Says Charlie Crist "voted against minimum wage when he was in the Senate.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: October 15, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: debates;jobs
Context: Davie
Fact-check justification: Scott said Crist "voted against minimum wage when he was in the Senate." Crist served on the board of Enterprise Florida when the group opposed an increase to Florida’s minimum wage in 2004. At the time, he was attorney general. But there’s no  that Crist ever voted on minimum wage legislation as a state senator. It’s entirely possible Scott misspoke, but there’s no  of any such vote during Sen. Crist’s term. We rate the statement .
Statement: They are trying to throw Trump in jail for the rest of his life for having a couple dozen documents that he had authority to declassify.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 9, 2023
Topics: corrections and updates;legal issues;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed "they are trying to throw Trump in jail for the rest of his life for having a couple dozen documents that he had authority to declassify." Federal prosecutors indicted Trump on 37 counts for mishandling classified documents. The government has recovered more than 300 documents with classified markings from Trump’s Mar-a-Lago home. There is no documentation showing that Trump followed procedure to declassify any of this material. We rate this  . PolitiFact Staff Writers Jeff Cercone, Louis Jacobson and Amy Sherman contributed to this article. CORRECTION, June 13, 2023 : This version corrects the location of Trump's interview with an author and publisher. It occurred at his club in Bedminster, New Jersey. RELATED: The Trump documents indictment: Which charges are most serious? Can he still run in 2024? RELATED: Why Espionage charges don’t mean prosecutors are accusing Donald Trump of spying RELATED: Trump indicted in classified documents case: Here’s the timeline RELATED: 9 Trump claims about the Mar-a-Lago classified documents probe, fact-checked
Statement: The religious liberty bill proposed in the Georgia House of Representatives does not specifically exclude corporations, which means they can legally claim a religious exemption.
Speaker: jeff graham
About the speaker: Jeff Graham is executive director of Georgia Equality.
Date: January 7, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: legal issues;lgbtq;religion
Context: an interview with WABE radio
Fact-check justification: But in the world of politics and religion, we have found the equivalent of a leprechaun riding a unicorn across a field of four-leaf clovers: complete consensus. The  was whether the bill, as drafted, would allow businesses to  religious exemptions. We rate it . (Editor’s note: An early version of the fact-check published Jan 16  incorrectly stated that Florida is the second most populous state. It is the third.)
Statement: The U.S. won't default, because default means that you don't pay your creditors. And it takes about 10 percent of the money that's coming in right now" to pay interest to bondholders.
Speaker: tom price
About the speaker: Rep. Tom Price is the Secretary of Health and Human Services in the Trump administration. Previously, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives for the 6th District of Georgia, an area that includes Marietta and Canton.
Date: July 24, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: deficit;economy
Context: an interview on CNN's "State of the Union with Candy Crowley"
Fact-check justification: We’ll concede that we’re in relatively uncharted territory. However, independent experts suggest that simply paying debt holders while letting other federal creditors go unpaid won’t keep the U.S. from "default" -- either the technical or the common-sense variety. In addition, both academic experts and the Congressional Research Service agree that only paying debt holders won’t be enough to keep U.S. creditworthiness unblemished. Price downplays the real risks of default and creditworthiness in a prioritization strategy that pays debt holders at the expense of other federal credit holders. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Child care costs account for 24% of a WI family's budget.
Speaker: david crowley
About the speaker: State Rep. David Crowley was elected in 2016 to the Wisconsin Assembly, representing the 17th District which encompasses much of Milwaukee’s Northwest side.
Date: October 22, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;families;income
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Crowley said "child care costs account for 24% of a WI family’s budget." Child care costs can vary, of course, based on age of the child, number of children receiving care and where the care is provided. But each of the available reports supports Crowley’s main point -- that the costs far exceed the recommended amount -- even if the numbers come up somewhat different in each analysis. At PolitiFact Wisconsin, a statement is  when "it is accurate but needs clarification or additional information." That fits here. This fact-check has been updated to change an emailed quote mistakenly attributed to Julia Cusick of the Center for American Progress to Steven Jessen-Howard from the same organization.
Statement: Texas "children may have a teacher who never spent one minute practicing teaching.
Speaker: mike villarreal
About the speaker: Mike Villarreal, a House member since 2000, resigned his seat on the cusp of the 2015 legislative session to run for mayor of San Antonio.
Date: November 30, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Debbie Ratcliffe, a TEA spokeswoman, told us the agency does not keep information on how many individuals never taught before becoming classroom teachers. She said that information is kept by each certification program. Time to grade Villarreal's statement. We did not find a precise count of teachers in Austin or Texas public schools who started without teaching practice, though, significantly, it's undisputed that schools can — and do — hire teachers lacking even a minute of experience teaching a class. We rate the statement .
Statement: Nearly half of African-American children under the age of 6 are living in abject poverty.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 27, 2016
Location: national
Topics: children;race and ethnicity;poverty
Context: Springfield, Ohio
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Nearly half of African-American children under the age of 6 are living in abject poverty." The poverty rates in question were as high as Trump says they were at the depths of the Great Recession, but they have since eased, to somewhere between 20 percent and 37 percent, depending on which income threshold you use. Still, the rates for African-American children are disproportionately high, so Trump has a point even if his statistics are too old and exaggerate the scale of poverty in that age group. On balance, we rate the statement .
Statement: Protest vandalism in Richmond "all started two weeks ago when Mayor Stoney's police gassed - tear gassed - a peaceful crowd of protesters, moms and children, at 7:30 p.m. sharp.
Speaker: joe morrissey
About the speaker: Joe Morrissey, D-Richmond, was elected to the Virginia Senate in 2019. He previously represented the Richmond area in the House of Delegates from 2008 to 2014 as a Democrat and in 2015 as an Independent.
He was the Commonwealth's Attorney for Richmond in 1989 to 1993. Morrissey, an attorney, was disbarred in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia in 2001 due to unethical and inappropriate behaviour. His license was revoked by the Virginia State Bar Disciplinary Board in 2003. He was reinstated to the bar in 2011, but his license was revoked again in 2018.
Morrissey received a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Virginia in 1979 and a law degree from Georgetown University Law School in 1982.
Date: June 18, 2020
Location: virginia
Topics: civil rights;crime
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Morrissey says Richmond vandalism in protest of George Floyd’s death "all started" when Richmond police tear gassed a peaceful demonstrators at the Lee statue on June 1. He stressed that the police fall under Mayor Stoney - a political rival who’s facing reelection this year. The demonstrations may bring the removal of Confederate monuments and other changes to Richmond, so it’s important to keep the record straight. The defacing of Richmond’s confederate statues began May 30. The monuments were already marked with graffiti when the police sprayed the Lee protesters on June 1. And buildings had been broken into, windows smashed and small fires were set several days before the Lee statue incident. We rate Morrissey’s statement .
Statement: It doesn't make sense "historically" to drop out because the 1968 race was still competitive when "Bobby Kennedy was assassinated in June in California.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: May 23, 2008
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: Sioux Falls, S.D
Fact-check justification: If you calculate days between the New Hampshire primary and June 3 of each year, the distance was 81 days in 1968, but 141 days in 2008. So Clinton is right that the 1968 contest was still going on in June of that year, and it was still competitive. But she ignores important facts that make her comparison between that election year and this one . We are not evaluating the question of whether Clinton should drop out of the race, but we find her historical argument that there's nothing unusual about a Democratic primary still being contested in June to be technically accurate but completely . We rate this , like the last one, .
Statement: This guy didn't even support Ronald Reagan.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: November 26, 2007
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: I'm not trying to return to Reagan-Bush." Romney has since gone out of his way to distance himself from such remarks, repeatedly referencing Reagan in glowing terms on the campaign trail this year and acknowledging his own conversion to social conservatism on hot-button issues like abortion and gay rights. "Now, I wasn't always a Ronald Reagan conservative," Romney told a meeting of conservative activists in January. "Neither was Ronald Reagan, by the way." We find Giuliani correctly characterizes his rival's past statements and find the  to be .
Statement: Gas prices have been going up since the president's first day in office, starting with his move to shut down the Keystone XL pipeline.
Speaker: joni ernst
About the speaker: Joni Ernst is a Republican senator from Iowa. A former state senator, she won the 2014 GOP primary for an open U.S. Senate seat and defeated Democratic Rep. Bruce Braley in November. She was sworn into Congress in January 2015, replacing long-time Senator Tom Harkin.
Date: March 19, 2022
Location: iowa
Topics: energy;gas prices
Context: an email newsletter
Fact-check justification: Ernst said that "gas prices have been going up since the president’s first day in office, starting with his move to shut down the Keystone XL pipeline." She has a point that gas prices, as well as crude oil prices, have been on an upward trajectory for essentially all of Biden’s tenure. However, she ignores that prices started to rise when Trump was president, which experts say stemmed from increased demand for fuel after COVID restrictions eased. Gas prices did not simply turn upward on a dime after Biden took office or after he canceled the Keystone XL pipeline. We rate the statement .
Statement: Former U.S. Vice President Richard Mentor Johnson was a slave owner married to one of his slaves and father of two children with her.
Speaker: ron mcmullen
About the speaker: Ron McMullen is a former ambassador and Ambador-in-Residence at University of Iowa.
Date: June 23, 2020
Location: iowa
Topics: history
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: We’ll pass on the merits of changing the county’s name because it involves a political decision. But the statement that started a petition drive and built on concerns about the disgraced, former vice president -- that Johnson kept an enslaved wife and children and forced himself upon other Black female slaves -- happened. Historians tell us it was quite a scandal, albeit for different, race-based reasons than it would today. We rate the statement to be .
Statement: A study was done, a post-mortem, so a retrospective study done, looking at autopsies and drug levels, what drugs were in the blood of veterans that committed suicide, and 70 percent had THC.
Speaker: donna campbell
About the speaker: Donna Campbell, a New Braunfels physician, won election to represent Texas Senate District 25 in November 2012. In 2010, she was the Republican nominee for the U.S. House seat held by Democrat Lloyd Doggett of Austin.
Date: May 22, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: marijuana
Context: the Texas Senate
Fact-check justification: Campbell suggested that cannabis plays a role in suicide among veterans, claiming that a study showed 70 percent of veterans who committed suicide had THC in their body. But the study Campbell cited doesn’t seem to exist. Some research does exist on this topic, but experts questioned the validity of drawing a conclusion about the connection between marijuana use and suicide generally — let alone among veterans. We rate this  .  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  .
Statement: Stay-at-home orders "actually are the law of these states.
Speaker: jay inslee
About the speaker: Jay Inslee is the governor of Washington. He was elected as governor in 2012. From 1993 to 1995, Inslee represented Washington’s 4th Congressional District. He represented Washington’s 1st Congressional District from 1999 to 2012. While representing the 1st district, he served on the Committee on Energy and Commerce. Inslee received his bachelor’s degree in economics and a J.D. from Willamette University School of Law. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in August.
Date: April 19, 2020
Topics: legal issues;public health;public safety;states;coronavirus
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Inslee said that stay-at-home orders "actually are the law of these states." Technically, many have been issued in the form of executive orders or proclamations, rather than a conventional law passed by the legislature and signed by the governor. However, a broad range of legal experts said that executive orders, proclamations and similar orders are equivalent to legislature-passed laws and can be enforced in essentially the same way, and in tandem with existing laws such as disorderly conduct. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Joe Biden is "withholding $150 million in aid from Ukraine" to "pressure Ukraine to drop all criminal investigations into him and his son, Hunter.
Speaker: george papadopoulos
About the speaker: George Papadopoulos served as a foreign policy adviser on Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign.
Date: April 12, 2021
Topics: federal budget;foreign policy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Trump ally George Papadopoulos claimed Joe Biden is "withholding $150 million in aid from Ukraine" to "pressure Ukraine to drop all criminal investigations into him and his son, Hunter." There is no  of any such investigations. The Biden administration released $125 million in military aid to Ukraine but, following federal law, is withholding $150 million until Ukraine enacts military reforms. We rate the  .
Statement: The IRS is hiring 87,000 new agents to police people who will owe more federal tax after having their student loans forgiven.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 29, 2022
Topics: education;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook page
Fact-check justification: A recent Facebook post said the IRS is hiring an "army" of 87,000 agents to deal with a surge in federal tax income resulting from Biden’s student debt relief plan. The IRS plans to increase its workforce, but over 10 years, not all at once. Many of the new hires are expected to come onboard as 50,000 current IRS workers retire. And forgiven student loan debt will not be taxed federally, though it might be subject to state taxes in some places. We rate the post .
Statement: The UK has an unarmed police force and a firearm fatality rate that is 40 times lower per capita than in the U.S.
Speaker: peter nightingale
About the speaker: Peter Nightingale is a professor of physics at the University of Rhode Island.
Date: May 8, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: criminal justice;education;crime;public safety;guns
Context: a web commentary
Fact-check justification: Peter Nightingale, a University of Rhode Island professor, wrote that "the UK has an unarmed police force and a firearm fatality rate that is 40 times lower per capita than in the U.S." It’s  that some police officers in the United Kingdom are armed, but it’s a very small percentage. The vast majority are unarmed. And Nightingale is on target in saying that there are far fewer gun deaths in the United Kingdom than in the United States. On balance, we rate his statement  .
Statement: I actually in 2005 ran on Medicare for all.
Speaker: kirsten gillibrand
About the speaker: Kirsten Gillibrand is a senator from New York. Gillibrand was appointed as senator in 2009 to fill Hillary Clinton’s vacated seat, as Clinton became U.S. Secretary of State under Barack Obama. Gillibrand won a special election in 2010 to retain her senate seat and won re-elections in 2012 and 2018. From 2007 to 2009, she served as the representative of New York’s 20th Congressional District. Gillibrand received a bachelor’s degree in Asian Studies from Dartmouth College and a J.D. from UCLA School of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in August.
Date: May 10, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: health care
Context: a campaign stop
Fact-check justification: Gillibrand said that when she was running in 2005, she supported Medicare for all. Her campaign began in 2005, and in 2006 she talked about a Medicare for all plan that would offer a public option. Though different versions of Medicare for all have existed over time, Gillibrand was clear about what her version meant when she ran in 2006. We rate her statement .
Statement: The word "alcohol" derives from the Arabic term for "body-eating spirit
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 14, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: So the Arabic term "al-khul" does not refer to anything nefarious or ghoulish. Meanwhile, the Facebook post is also  in linking al-khul to the origin of "ghoul." The Online Etymology Dictionary traced the origin of the word "ghoul" to the Arabic term "ghul," which referred to "an evil spirit that robs graves and feeds on corpses." When debunking the  in 2021, Africa Check reported that the word alcohol "has never been connected with a ‘body-eating spirit.’ " We rate this  !
Statement: Health care premiums in North Carolina are now among the five highest states in the country.
Speaker: d. cole phelps
About the speaker: Cole Phelps is a Democratic candidate for N.C. Senate District 1 in northeastern NC.
Date: September 1, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: health care
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Phelps said health insurance premiums in North Carolina "are now among the five highest states in the country." He has a point when it comes to premiums for ACA plans. Those plans, however, only affect a fraction of North Carolina’s population. Millions of North Carolinians have plans on the private market, and data show that private plans in NC aren’t among the most expensive in the country. On balance, we rate Phelps’  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide.