chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Claims Joe Biden said "coal is more dangerous than terrorists.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: August 14, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: environment;economy;energy;jobs
Context: a campaign speech
Fact-check justification: Biden's statement was made in response to a question and he was addressing health impacts of coal-fired air pollution -- not making a statement about coal or coal energy. He was not making a comparison between terrorism and coal. Yet, Romney’s comment implies that was the case and portrays Biden’s comment was as part of an administration policy against the coal industry. Those are critical facts that Romney’s  ignores would give the listener a different impression. On the -O-Meter, that makes it .
Statement: Says Florida Agriculture Commissioner Nikki Fried "spent millions of dollars to put her face on every gas pump across this state.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: June 2, 2021
Location: national
Topics: elections;florida
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: DeSantis said Fried spent millions of taxpayer dollars to put her face on gas pump stickers across Florida. The sticker with Fried’s image really did happen, but DeSantis’ number is way off — he overshoots by a factor of 400, at least. The most the state paid was about $5,000. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  .
Statement: It has been 80 years since a Supreme Court vacancy was nominated and confirmed in an election year. There is a long tradition that you don't do this in an election year.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: February 14, 2016
Location: national
Topics: supreme court
Context: comments on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Cruz said there’s a long tradition stretching back 80 years of not nominating and confirming a Supreme Court justice in an election year. A Supreme Court justice hasn’t been both nominated and confirmed in a presidential election year since 1940, 76 years ago. But the notion that this is a "long tradition," is misguided. The fact is, vacancies in an election year are rare, especially in Cruz’s time frame. As such, it’s hard to argue that there is any tradition in filling seats. Cruz’s statement is partially accurate but takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Humans are not causing climate change." Magnetic pole shifting "is causing havoc worldwide in weather, climate, earthquakes, tsunamis, etc.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 10, 2023
Topics: climate change;natural disasters ;weather
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post said "humans are not causing climate change" and blamed climate change, earthquakes and weather disturbances on  magnetic pole shifts. There is broad scientific consensus that the climate is changing and that human activity is responsible primarily because of the burning of fossil fuels. Pole reversals have occurred several times in the Earth’s geologic history. A 2021 study suggested a pole reversal 41,500 years ago had an effect on the climate. But the study has been subject to debate, with other scientists arguing that the research cherry-picked data and ignored other .  Either way, experts say changes in the magnetic field don’t affect the weather and climate on the Earth’s surface or the occurrence of earthquakes. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Democratic legislators this year "don't want to cut your taxes under any circumstances.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: May 23, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: taxes
Context: a video posted on YouTube
Fact-check justification: In a speech Wednesday, Christie claimed that Democratic legislators this year "don't want to cut your taxes under any circumstances." That  is pure nonsense. The main topic in Trenton has been competing tax cut proposals made by Christie and the Democrats. Christie may disagree with them on how to cut taxes, but there’s no doubt that many Democrats are willing to do just that. For Christie to suggest otherwise is just . ! To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: The top 1 percent pay over half of the entire revenue for this country.
Speaker: trent franks
About the speaker: Trent Franks is a Republican member of the U.S. House representing a district in Arizona.
Date: July 7, 2010
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview on MSNBC's 'The Dylan Ratigan Show'
Fact-check justification: The top one-fifth of the population -- what one might call, in Franks' words, "the rich" -- is the only fifth, or "quintile," of the population that has seen its share of the tax burden go up during that time. Still, we can't brush off the inaccuracies in Franks' statement. He makes it sound as if the top 1 percent of the country is shouldering more than half of the burden of funding the federal government, when in fact it's about half that. In addition, the top 1 percent are not even shouldering half of the burden of the income tax by itself. We rate his statement .
Statement: U.S. government reports record tax haul after Trump tax cuts spur economic growth.
Speaker: patriot news alerts
About the speaker: Patriot News Alerts is a conservative website. Its "About Us" page says, "America is under attack from the inside. The Deep State, the liberal media, social-justice Hollywood, leftist colleges – we’re under attack from every possible direction. That’s why we’re fighting back."
Date: August 14, 2018
Topics: taxes;punditfact
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: Patriot News Alerts said, "U.S. government reports record tax haul after Trump tax cuts spur economic growth." One notable category of tax receipts, individual income taxes, did rise in fiscal 2018, and total tax receipts rose by a smaller amount. But the closer you look, the less meaningful these statistics become. In particular, the data doesn’t provide support for the idea that the Trump tax bill juiced tax collections. If you drill down further to periods when the new tax law was in effect, individual income tax receipts actually fell compared to 2017. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Jill Biden said, "all Americans will be required to learn Spanish when we win
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 26, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The vast majority of people in the U.S. speak only English at home according to the census data, while about 21.5% speak another language, with Spanish being the most common.   About 13% speak Spanish at home. We found no  that Jill Biden said that if her husband wins everyone will have to learn Spanish in the U.S. We find this  falso y ridículo, so we rate it ! This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: In just one month, the Democrats have spent more than President Bush spent in seven years on the war in Iraq, the war in Afghanistan and Hurricane Katrina combined.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: February 27, 2009
Location: national
Topics: afghanistan;federal budget;iraq
Context: a speech at the Conservative Political Action Conference
Fact-check justification: Even if we included the cost of the tax cuts (for a total of $818 billion), he would still be  because that's less than the $940 billion that uses a more accurate cost of the war spending. And even that analysis, remember, is generous to McConnell since it includes several years of spending from the stimulus and SCHIP bills, not "one month." McConnell's  stands up only if you treat tax cuts as spending, accept an incomplete estimate of the wars' costs and group several years of planned spending into a one-month spending spree by the Democrats — but not for Bush. That is, it doesn't stand up at all. We find this  .
Statement: It's illegal for a state to say we're simply going to cut off (union contract) negotiations. There's a legal requirement that you are involved in good faith bargaining.
Speaker: jim doyle
About the speaker: Jim Doyle, a Democrat, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was elected to the post in 2002, after serving as the state's attorney general, and was re-elected in 2006. He did not seek a third term in 2010 and went to work for a Milwaukee-based law firm.
Date: November 30, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget
Context: a program at the Marquette University Law School
Fact-check justification: It’s big, but that problem was looming for months -- and accounted for with deals that reportedly have no pay increases. The -O-Meter puts the burden of proof on the speaker. In this case, the weight of the available  may tilt toward Doyle, but he offers few specifics -- on his own or from his lawyers -- to address the many points that would clarify things even further. And there was plenty of context missing in his flat assertion of unlawfulness. We rate Doyle’s  .
Statement: Texas is experiencing the fastest population growth in the country," adding "more than 1,000 people a day.
Speaker: texans for reliable power
About the speaker: Texans for Reliable Power was founded by investor-owned power plants in the state with a focus on on "changing the market structure so there are incentives to build new generation and prevent a reliability crisis and a large increase in blackouts in the years to come," spokesman Eric Bearse told PolitiFact Texas.
Date: January 9, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: energy;population
Context: an advertisement
Fact-check justification: The group said: "Texas is experiencing the fastest population growth in the country," adding "more than 1,000 people a day." From July 2012 through June 2013, the state’s population increased more than 1,000 people a day, according to government estimates. In raw numbers, Texas also added more new residents than any other state. But the state’s 1.5 percent growth rate trailed the gains of North Dakota and Utah, tying the pace of growth of Colorado. North Dakota also grew faster than Texas from 2010 through June 2013, according to census bureau estimates. Texas ranks among the fastest-growing states; it’s not quite No. 1. We rate this  as .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Congressman McCollum voted to dismantle Social Security.
Speaker: florida democratic party
About the speaker: the Florida affiliate of the Democratic Party.
Date: February 3, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: social security
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: They do not cite any votes because the proposal did not come before a vote of the full House. So the Democrats have built a strong charge on flimsy . Yes, McCollum opposed Democratic proposals to use the surplus for Social Security and he wanted to slow the growth in the Consumer Price Index for Social Security and he spoke in favor of Bush's proposal. But it's a  leap to equate those votes with "dismantling" the program. !
Statement: Says that as Wisconsin governor he "never raised taxes.
Speaker: tommy thompson
About the speaker: Tommy Thompson, a Republican, was a 2012 candidate for the U.S. Senate from Wisconsin. He served as governor of Wisconsin from 1987 until 2001, when he left office to become President George W. Bush's secretary of health and human services. He previously spent 20 years in the Wisconsin Assembly. Thompson briefly ran for president, withdrawing in 2007.
Date: January 23, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: That’s not an exhaustive list, but it provides enough for the  at hand. Our rating Thompson stated flatly that as governor, he "never raised taxes." Thompson has a long list of taxes he cut and, on balance, he can  to have reduced taxes. But he also raised some specific taxes along the way. We rate his statement .
Statement: Under Mary Burke's leadership, Commerce Department business-incentive programs had "major shortcomings" and "40 percent of jobs...didn't materialize.
Speaker: republican governors association
About the speaker: the gubernatorial campaign arm of the Republican Party.
Date: March 17, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a campaign TV ad
Fact-check justification: The programs did have significant problems, some acknowledged by Burke at the time. And the 40 percent figure is accurately drawn from the Journal Sentinel series that sampled the job-creation progress for 25 companies. But the ad’s  needs clarification in that the newspaper series focused mainly on deals that originated before Burke took office, though she was responsible for overseeing the disbursal of money. That fact puts some of the blame on Burke’s predecessors. We rate the  .
Statement: Most private sector jobs in the history of Buffalo exist in Buffalo today
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: September 23, 2016
Location: new york
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: Buffalo
Fact-check justification: During Cuomo’s remarks in Buffalo, he said the "most private sector jobs in the history of Buffalo exist in Buffalo today." Data from the federal and state labor departments back up his . There are more private sector jobs in Buffalo today than any other time dating back to at least 1990.   The data doesn’t prove his policies and economic development projects are responsible for the increase. But we rate his  as . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/a3b65649-df87-4209-b2b6-41b9c7676fd6
Statement: The U.S. Department of Defense awarded a contract for COVID-19 research in Ukraine months before the virus was known.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: April 6, 2023
Location: national
Topics: coronavirus;ukraine
Context: a TikTok post
Fact-check justification: The company signed the agreement with the agency Oct. 2, 2019, for non-COVID training support, which was submitted in November 2019.   The agency said the contract was modified after the pandemic began, in both April and June 2020, to provide additional COVID-19 pandemic-related support to Ukraine. "The task order directed the servicing contractor to provide high-level subject matter expert mentorship support on COVID-19 Laboratory Diagnosis, Biological Safety and Laboratory Emergency Response in Ukraine," Chaney wrote.   The Defense Department did not pay for COVID-19 research in Ukraine before the virus emerged. We rate this  .
Statement: Illinois "got into fiscal problems because of a Republican governor who was governor there" before Gov. J.B. Pritzker.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: May 4, 2020
Location: illinois
Topics: state budget
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Pelosi said Illinois "got into fiscal problems because of a Republican governor who was governor there" before Pritzker. Illinois’ financial situation did worsen during Rauner's term while the state operated without a spending plan for an unprecedented two years, but he wasn’t solely to blame. What’s more, the state was already teetering on the brink when he took office because of decisions made by leaders from both parties dating back decades. We rate Pelosi’s  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The facts show that approximately 40 persons on death row have had all of their appellate review completed and await only the governor's signature on a death warrant to end the case.
Speaker: geraldine thompson
About the speaker: State Rep. Geraldine Thompson is an Orlando Democrat representing District 39. She was first elected in 2006.
Date: April 15, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: criminal justice
Context: comments made on the House floor
Fact-check justification: Of the other four, two inmates had their death sentences vacated, one died while awaiting execution, and one inmate's execution was stayed by Bush. Scott has yet to sign a death warrant since taking office. During arguments against a proposal to expand and split the state Supreme Court, Thompson said "approximately 40 persons on death row have had all of their appellate review completed and await only the governor's signature on a death warrant to end the case." According to the Commission on Capital Cases, the number sits at 47. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Jeb Bush "not only opposes marriage equality, he's said he 'personally' believes gay couples should be banned from adopting children.
Speaker: democratic national committee
About the speaker: The Democratic National Committee is the national organization of Democrats.
Date: December 19, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: children;corrections and updates;families;lgbtq
Context: a list of talking points
Fact-check justification: The DNC said that "Bush not only opposes marriage equality, he’s said he ‘personally’ believes gay couples should be banned from adopting children." As Bush continues to explore running for president, he may provide more specific comments about his current views, but for now we are rating the DNC’s statement based on the  that was available at the time they made the statement. While in office, Bush repeatedly said that he opposed gay marriage, although he was reluctant at times to amend the state Constitution since it was already banned in state law. He also opposed gay adults adopting children. Since leaving office, Bush said that he supports "traditional marriage," though he has used a softer tone when asked about it, and did so again when we asked about it. The statement is accurate but needs additional information, so we rate this statement . Update: Several hours after this item was first published, we received a reponse from Bush's staff, and this report has been updated to include his comments. The ruling remains the same.
Statement: Halliburton gave Dick Cheney a $34 million payout when he left the company to join the presidential ticket.
Speaker: chris matthews
About the speaker: Chris Matthews is the host of the MSNBC show Hardball. Previously, Matthews served on the staffs of congressional Democrats and worked as a speechwriter for President Jimmy Carter. He also worked as chief of staff to former House Speaker Tip O'Neil.
Date: May 20, 2010
Location: national
Topics: environment;candidate biography;corporations;energy;oil spill;pundits
Context: an interview with Jay Leno on NBC's The Tonight Show
Fact-check justification: By November 30, 2000, the stock had fallen to $33 a share. If he'd waited until then to sell, his payday would have been one-third lower, or roughly $14 million rather than $22 million. But Cheney does appear to have had timing on his side, so we find Matthews' statement -- that Cheney had a payday of $34 million -- to be accurate. If anything, it may have been a bit low. Either way, we give it a rating of .
Statement: Women pay 48 percent more for health insurance.
Speaker: louise slaughter
About the speaker: Louise Slaughter is a Democratic congresswoman from New York. She formerly chaired the House Rules Committee when Democrats were in the majority.
Date: November 7, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a statement on the House floor
Fact-check justification: The 38 percent of women with health insurance through their employer or the 25 percent of women who get insurance through a spouse presumably face much lower costs.    So, while Slaughter's underlying point is correct -- that women pay more for health insurance than men do -- she failed to include some important details in her floor speech. For one, she omitted that women can pay as little as 4 percent or as much as 48 percent more in premiums, so she cherry-picked the highest number possible.   Furthermore, Slaughter did not mention that these figures are only for women who buy health insurance through the individual market, which is a relatively small number of consumers compared to women who get insurance through other means. As a result, we give Slaughter a .
Statement: In 2009, we cut state spending in real terms for the first time in 150 years.
Speaker: tim pawlenty
About the speaker: Tim Pawlenty is the former governor of Minnesota, having served two terms in office from 2003-2011.
Date: January 11, 2011
Location: national
Topics: state budget
Context: his book, "Courage to Stand: An American Story"
Fact-check justification: The major reduction in the 2010-2011 budget cycle was achieved with a one-time infusion of federal dollars and measures that delayed state spending rather then permanently reducing it. Finally, we don't have 150 years of budget data to check. We only found data back to 1960, and Pawlenty's campaign provided no data to back up the  covering the 100 years previous when we asked for it. If data emerges, we're willing to review the . But given the  at hand, we rate Pawlenty’s statement .