chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Among the developed nations, we are the least economically and socially mobile country in the world.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: October 27, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: economy;income;labor
Context: a fundraising letter
Fact-check justification: Bush said "among the developed nations, we are the least economically and socially mobile country in the world." His Foundation for Excellence in Education sent us a few stories backing up the  on a broad level. We found even more data suggesting that yes, America does lag behind most every developed country in terms of being able to move from the bottom rungs of the income ladder to the top. Experts we talked to said it was a fair , although we must note there is some disagreement on how mobility is measured and minor differences among studies. We rate the statement .
Statement: When Congressman Langevin took office, gas was around $1.70 per gallon, and now it is near $4 per gallon.
Speaker: michael riley
About the speaker: Michael G. Riley, a Narragansett businessman who calls himself a "small-government and free-market Republican," made an unsuccessful bid for Congress in the 2nd Congressional District in 2012. He is co-founder of the Coastal Management Group, a consulting and investment company. He has served on the Narragansett Pension Board and Charter Review Commission.
Date: September 30, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: energy;gas prices;government regulation;transportation;voting record
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Michael Riley blames Rep. James Langevin "in part" for skyrocketing gasoline prices, saying, "When Congressman Langevin took office, gas was around $1.70 per gallon, and now it is near $4 per gallon." Langevin was first elected to Congress nearly a dozen years ago, when the price was closer to $1.53, not $1.70. But Langevin's role in the global oil and gasoline market is so small to be almost inconsequential. Because Riley's statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it  . (Get updates from PolitiFact Rhode Island on Twitter: @politifactri . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: In 2009, "the state Legislature passed more than $5 billion in tax increases.
Speaker: leah vukmir
About the speaker: Republican Leah Vukmir was elected to the Wisconsin state Senate in 2010, representing a suburban Milwaukee district. She served in the state Assembly from 2002 to 2008. She lost a bid for the U.S. Senate in 2018.
Date: October 9, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: message machine 2010;state budget;taxes
Context: a campaign brochure distributed door to door
Fact-check justification: We found that taxes and fees were upped by $3.14 billion in 2009. Consequently, we gave Kleefisch’s statement a  rating . To try to get closer to $5 billion, Vukmir’s campaign includes -- as Kleefisch did -- a $1.5 billion boost in net property taxes. But we’ll repeat what we said in the Kleefisch : Property tax levies are set by local taxing bodies, such as the city and the county, not by the Legislature. And we’ll give Vukmir’s  the same rating: .
Statement: Says his release of 33 years of tax returns is "more than any presidential candidate in history.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: June 30, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an announcement on his website
Fact-check justification: Bush said his release of 33 years of tax returns is "more than any presidential candidate in history." That really is the case. The next highest total by a presidential candidate is from Dole, who released 30 years’ worth during his 1996 presidential campaign. We rate Bush’s statement .
Statement: Says Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said Christianity should be ignored as "superstitious nonsense.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 9, 2020
Topics: fake news;religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: The entire account is fabricated. It has been lifted from the website, "Taters Gonna Tate," a self-described satire site. Unlike the newsservis.com page, that website includes a disclaimer that says everything on it is "fiction." According to the Pew Research Center , Ocasio-Cortez identifies as Catholic and has talked about her faith in the past. We rate this  !
Statement: Gov. (Rick) Perry helped balance his budget with about $6 billion worth of federal help, which he happily took, and then started blaming the members of Congress who had offered that help.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 18, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: state budget;stimulus
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Perry hardly sounded happy about it, but Obama is correct that he accepted stimulus money that was used to help balance the budget. As to whether Perry then started "blaming" members of Congress who had supported the stimulus legislation — well, not in so many words. And as we noted, Perry’s criticism of the federal government had started long before. But Perry criticized the plan specifically and the policies of Washington in general, using rhetoric that painted Congress and the White House with the same big-spending brush. We rate the statement .
Statement: Millions" of people from International Monetary Fund member countries are at risk of being placed in "COVID camps.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 16, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Jones claimed in a video that "millions" of people around the world at risk of being placed in "COVID camps" While quarantine centers exist in some countries, such as China, there is no  to suggest this is a widespread international phenomenon. We rate the  .
Statement: 7 MINUTES AGO: Mel Gibson Cries For PROTECTION From Hollywood Elite After Sound of Freedom.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 23, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: On July 9, Elijah Schaffer , host of the podcast "Slightly Offensive," and other people tweeted about three minutes worth of clips from the interview and said: "SHOCKING: Mel Gibson (Sound of Freedom) is the REAL DEAL warned of evils of Hollywood in 1998." In the video, Gibson — who Ballard has said helped edit "Sound of Freedom" — doesn’t cry for protection from Hollywood elite, to use the Facebook post’s language.   He does say things about Hollywood such as, "It takes that kind of cockroach resilience to survive in this town," and "I had a whole bunch of weird, paranoid suspicions about what the hell was going on, because there was a lot of stuff I couldn’t understand." But that doesn’t support this Facebook post’s .   We rate it .
Statement: Says "Bob Casey voted in favor of deadly sanctuary cities that released thousands upon thousands of illegal alien criminals and vicious gang members to prey on Pennsylvania streets, to prey all over this country.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 10, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;crime
Context: Erie, Pa
Fact-check justification: Trump said that Casey supported policies that had led to the release of "thousands and thousands" of dangerous criminal immigrants and "vicious gang members to prey on Pennsylvania." The White House provided no  to back that up. Casey opposed a bill that would have penalized cities that didn’t cooperate fully with ICE. ICE reported the release of 142 suspected gang members nationwide. The agency itself gave many reasons to question the figure, including the accuracy of the count of actual gang members and the connection to sanctuary city policies. No ICE data supports Trump’s thousands of releases in Pennsylvania or the country as a whole. Sanctuary cities' policies generally allow for detention of felons, which would include the sort of people Trump warns about. We rate this  .
Statement: Val Demings "called abolishing the police 'thoughtful.'
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: July 19, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: criminal justice;public safety
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: A Rubio campaign ad said Demings "called abolishing the police 'thoughtful.'" PolitiFact found that the ad misrepresented what Demings said when asked about a proposal in Minneapolis to dismantle the police. In the interview, Demings didn't take a position on the measure, adding that she believed community leaders and law enforcement would collaborate to improve policing. The ad gave Demings' words a very different spin. We rate it .
Statement: In Wisconsin, unions can essentially give "unlimited" contributions to political parties, but business can't give any.
Speaker: robin vos
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Rep. Robin Vos, R-Rochester, has represented western Racine County in the state Assembly since 2004. In November 2012, he was elected Assembly speaker. Vos previously served on the Racine County Board of Supervisors, from 1994 to 2004.
Date: November 5, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: campaign finance;corporations;elections;small business;unions
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: The law allows unions to make unlimited contributions to the parties, but in practice, they make no such direct contributions at all. Rather, they give to political action committees, which in turn are limited in what they can give to parties. Business owners using their personal funds can contribute to political parties, within limits, but corporations can't make any such contributions. We rate  the  . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel website .
Statement: She's voted for 60 tax increases, hurting the middle class and small businesses.
Speaker: rob cornilles
About the speaker: Rob Cornilles is the president and founder of Game Face Inc. He is a graduate of Brigham Young University.
Date: January 3, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: taxes
Fact-check justification: Still, 16 is a long, long way from 60. We can’t accept their explanation that punishing unemployment benefit cheats or allowing the state to go after people who haven’t paid taxes is a new tax or fee. Combine that reasoning with the heavy number of bills that increase fees rather than taxes and we have a statement that is not accurate and makes a  . We rule it . Return to OregonLive to comment .
Statement: Says Chris Christie "vetoed Planned Parenthood funding five times over the course of his governorship.
Speaker: hilary rosen
About the speaker: Hilary Rosen is a Democratic strategist and pundit who appears frequently on CNN.
Date: November 10, 2013
Topics: abortion;women;punditfact
Context: comments on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Rosen said Christie "vetoed Planned Parenthood funding five times over the course of his governorship." Rosen is largely correct, though different people might come to a different figure. We rate her  .
Statement: If today's economy was rebounding at the rate of the "Reagan recovery," it would have created the equivalent of 25 million new jobs and raised federal revenue by $800 billion a year.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: June 13, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;federal budget;history;jobs;taxes
Context: a Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: We’ll call it . UPDATE: After we published our article, Gingrich's camp got back to us. R.C. Hammond, a spokesman, said that "Newt meant over $800 billion over the recovery, not annually." Because misstatements do not protect speakers from a low rating on the -O-Meter, our rating stands.
Statement: Says "the most dangerous time for children" is from "3 to 6 p.m., during which time juvenile crime rates triple
Speaker: raymond lesniak
About the speaker: State Sen. Raymond Lesniak is a Democrat representing parts of Union County.
Date: July 12, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: children;education;crime
Context: testimony during a Senate hearing
Fact-check justification: Back to Lesniak’s statement. He said juvenile crime rates triple between 3 and 6 p.m. The state Senator’s statistic was based on a study using FBI data -- that didn’t include New Jersey -- from the 1990s. Still, Lesniak’s argument that juvenile crime spikes when school lets out is sound -- and supported by more recent data. We rate his statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says "(President) Reagan's second inaugural was moved inside the Capitol. It was. Because of a terrible snowstorm.
Speaker: peggy noonan
About the speaker: Peggy Noonan is a columnist for the "Wall Street Journal."
Date: February 16, 2014
Topics: history;weather;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Noonan said Ronald Reagan’s second inauguration took place inside the Capitol due to a snowstorm. The day was clear, but she had the location largely correct. And if it wasn’t snowing, it was wicked cold. Whether it was a windchill of -20 degree Fahrenheit or a terrible snowstorm, we wouldn’t want to be out in it. We rate Noonan’s  .
Statement: If you're making less than $15 an hour, you're living below the poverty wage.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: February 5, 2021
Location: national
Topics: congress;poverty;workers
Context: an interview on CBS
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "If you're making less than $15 an hour, you're living below the poverty wage." A spokesman for Biden said he was referring to a family of four with one full-time income using the federal government’s poverty guideline, an explanation Biden didn’t include in the interview. Using that measurement, that family with a paycheck of $13 an hour would live below the poverty line. At $15 an hour, the same family would clearly be above the poverty line. So Biden was off by about a dollar, using the existing standards. But experts said wages alone don’t tell the full story about whether a household lives in poverty. Other factors include child care and housing costs, for example, which can vary by geography. Generalizing a "poverty wage" to a specific number ignores the different circumstances that families face. Other experts said the federal definition of a poverty level is out of date and needs changing. We rate this  .  RELATED: Minimum wage increases and the myth of the $38 burrito RELATED: Bobby Scott is right about falling value of minimum wage
Statement: A photograph of a black couple pictures the Sundance Kid.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 26, 2019
Topics: corrections and updates;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "He was not black," Barton said. "The Sundance Kid," by Donna Ernst, "is quite clear on his early years. There was a black outlaw named Isom Dart that rode with Butch and Sundance from time to time. That might be the confusion." We rate the Facebook post .
Statement: Social Security is a "Ponzi scheme.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: September 12, 2011
Location: national
Topics: social security
Context: a Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: But it's not a Ponzi scheme. And Ponzi himself, who died in a hospital charity ward with only enough money for his burial, would never have recognized it as his own." We agree with Zuckoff’s interpretation. We rated Perry's November 2010 comparison of Social Security and Ponzi schemes , and we stand by that ruling. The comparison still deserves a rating of .
Statement: Wisconsin is one of only nine states in the nation in which 17 year-olds are automatically treated as adults in the criminal justice system.
Speaker: lakeshia myers
About the speaker: LaKeshia N. Myers is an American educator and politician. She is a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the northwest corner of the city of Milwaukee.
Date: February 16, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;criminal justice;legal issues
Context: News release
Fact-check justification: Myers said "Wisconsin is one of only nine states in the nation in which 17 year-olds are automatically treated as adults in the criminal justice system." That was  at one time, but the current number is three. So, the underlying point is on target, but the statistic cited is off. Our definition for  is "the statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context."  That fits here.
Statement: The Democratic health care plan is a "government takeover of our health programs.
Speaker: c.w. bill young
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. C. W. Bill Young, R-Indian Shores, represented the 13th Congressional District of Florida. He was the nation's longest-serving Republican congressman on the day of his death, Oct. 18, 2013. Young held public office for more than 50 years, including a decade in the Florida Senate and 22 terms in Congress.
Young was born in Harmarville, Penn., on Dec. 16, 1930. His family moved to Pinellas County when he was 15. He is a veteran of the Army National Guard. He married his second wife, Beverly, in 1985. They have two sons, Billy and Patrick, and Robbie from her first marriage.
Date: February 20, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: a speech to Pinellas County Republicans
Fact-check justification: Yes, the plan would expand the government's role, but it primarily would continue to rely on private insurers for the vast majority of Americans. And, for people who have trouble getting coverage, it would create a marketplace so people could shop for coverage from private insurers . It's   to call that a government takeover. For this one, we need to strike a match and set the meter ablaze. !
Statement: U.S. Rep. Paul Broun has not authored any legislation that has been adopted by Congress.
Speaker: stephen simpson
About the speaker: Stephen Simpson, a retired U.S. Army officer, is a Republican candidate for Georgia's 10th congressional district.
Date: June 6, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: congress;voting record
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: He’s not really in a position to enact legislation." Broun has authored some amendments that have been approved by the majority of his fellow House members. There have been a handful of resolutions that passed as well. The experts we spoke with offered some context that offers the congressman a defense, such as the difficulty of being a Republican attempting to get legislation passed when Democrats controlled Congress. With that context, we rate Simpson’s  .
Statement: The Agriculture Department estimates that roughly 42 percent of the corn crop will be used to make ethanol -- more than the amount of corn used to feed livestock and poultry in the United States.
Speaker: bob goodlatte
About the speaker: Bob Goodlatte, a Republican, was first elected to Congress in 1993. He represents Virginia's 6th District, centered in Roanoke.
He is currently the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee and the vice chairman of the House Agriculture Committee.
Goodlatte earned a law degree from Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington, in 1977. His undergraduate degree in government was earned at Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, in 1974.
Date: November 23, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: agriculture;energy
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Goodlatte said 42 percent of the nation’s corn crop is being used to manufacture ethanol, more than the amount of corn used to feed livestock. Goodlatte’s statement is based on commonly cited raw figures from the agriculture department. But the tallies don’t take into account that a portion of the corn used in ethanol production still ends up in feed troughs as dried distiller’s grains. When that corn byproduct is taken into account, contrary to Goodlatte’s , the amount used for feed easily outpaces the amount that ends up as ethanol. So Goodlatte’s statement is based on accurate raw numbers, but omits key information that disproves his conclusion that more corn goes to ethanol than livestock feed. On the whole, we rate his statement .