chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Arnold Schwarzenegger slept on the ground in front of a bronze statue of himself because he had been turned away from a hotel.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 14, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a photo
Fact-check justification: The  was previously debunked in 2019 and 2021. The statue where the photo was taken is in front of the Greater Columbus Convention Center in Ohio, site of the annual Arnold Sports Festival that is named after Schwarzenegger. At the time of the photo, Schwarzenegger was in Columbus for a movie he was filming, "478," according to People . Schwarzenegger did not sleep on the ground in front of a bronze statue of himself because he had been turned away from a hotel. We rate the  .
Statement: (Retail) milk has gone up 7.5% since this time last year. The price farmers are paid has dropped 23%.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 2, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral Facebook post said retail milk prices are up 7.5% from last year while the price paid to farmers dropped 23%. The farmer who provided these numbers was just referencing payments for the milk he sold and prices at a local grocer, but the trends are in line with what we see nationally. Nationwide, retail milk prices in April were up nearly 10% from the prior year, while the price paid to farmers dropped sharply in May to about 21% below the prior year. The comparison oversimplifies things a bit, since the majority of milk produced in the U.S. isn’t sold in liquid form. And the specific numbers aren’t exactly right. But the general point is. We rate this .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama attacked potential terrorist targets in Syria in the middle of the night "to minimize terrorist casualties.
Speaker: ralph peters
About the speaker: Retired Army Lt. Col. Ralph Peters is a strategic analyst at Fox News, offering insights on military activities and international affairs.
Date: September 24, 2014
Topics: military;terrorism;punditfact
Context: an interview on "America's Newsroom"
Fact-check justification: Peters said that the United States launched airstrikes against terrorist targets at night "to minimize terrorist casualties." He said the only reason for a night-time attack would be to hit empty buildings. One of the principles of PunditFact is that people who make factual claims are accountable for their words and should be able to provide  to back them up. In this case, Peters’  appears to be speculation based on his knowledge of past airstrikes. However, several experts detailed other reasons why the United States would strike at night. The ultimate motives are unknown, but lack of information casts a big shadow over Peters’ . We rate his statement .
Statement: More Tennesseans have hunting and fishing licenses than vote.
Speaker: lamar alexander
About the speaker: Lamar Alexander is the senior senator from Tennessee.
Date: November 13, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: elections;recreation
Context: a news release announcing support for the Sportsmen's bill
Fact-check justification: We do not disagree with Sen. Alexander’s point that hunting and fishing remain popular in Tennessee, but his statement that more Tennesseans have hunting and fishing licenses than vote is not supported by the most recent and most reliable numbers. There are more voters in Tennessee than sportsmen, so we rule this statement .
Statement: Every other democracy in the world has a health care system that covers everybody, and we don't.
Speaker: howard dean
About the speaker: Howard Dean is the former chairman of the Democratic National Committee. He was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2004, and was the longtime governor of Vermont before that.
Date: September 13, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: remarks on NBC's Meet the Press
Fact-check justification: We called Dean to ask about his comment. A spokeswoman said that the former governor "simply misspoke. He meant to say, as he has for years, that every other industrialized democracy" has universal coverage. If Dean had said that, he'd probably be right. But on Meet the Press , he didn't, so we rate his statement .
Statement: Says this poem about people staying home was written by Kathleen O'Mara in 1869.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 6, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: I was very worried about them. My husband said: ‘Write. Just write again.’ " You can read more of her writing here . We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Image shows a patient experiencing claustrophobia and having a panic attack during a CT scan.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 30, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "The image is a CT scan," De la Cámara concludes. "It is the first image of the positioning of the patient to apply the test protocol. That image lasted 3 seconds, but the patient woke up to the movement and raised his head: motion blur. Simple." We rate this .
Statement: There are more than 46 million Americans living in poverty today -- the largest number in 54 years.
Speaker: kirk cox
About the speaker: Del. Kirk Cox, R-Colonial Heights, is the majority leader of Virginia's House of Delegates. He was first elected to the House in 1989.
Cox is a retired government teacher in Chesterfield County public schools.
 
Date: June 23, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: medicaid;poverty
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: In arguing the Great Society programs have failed, Cox said more than 46.5 million Americans are living in poverty, more than at any time since 1960. Cox’s figures are correct, but offer an incomplete picture of the U.S. poverty over the last 54 years. What he fails to note is that the U.S. population has grown by 73 percent over that span -- or by about 131 million people. Analysts say a fuller measure is offered by poverty rate, which takes into account population growth. It shows that poverty has decreased, from 22.2 percent in 1960 to 15 percent in 2012 -- the latest year available. So Cox’s statement is accurate but, in its context of evaluating a half-century poverty trend line, needs additional information. That makes it .
Statement: Says his transportation plan "would make Virginia the first state in the nation to eliminate the state tax on gasoline.
Speaker: bob mcdonnell
About the speaker: Bob McDonnell is the Republican governor of Virginia until January 2014. McDonnell was elected over Democratic state Sen. Creigh Deeds.
McDonnell previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1992 to 2006 and as state Attorney General from 2006 to 2009.
McDonnell graduated from the University of Nortre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind., with a bachelor's degree in 1976. He then served in the U.S. Army on active duty from 1976 to 1981 and in the reserves until 1997, retiring as a lieutenant colenel. He received a master's degree in business adminsitration from Boston University in 1980 and a master's and law degree from Regent University, Virginia Beach, in 1989.
Date: January 8, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: transportation;taxes
Context: a news conference.
Fact-check justification: McDonnell said his proposal to overhaul road funding would make Virginia the first state to eliminate its gasoline tax. The governor wants replace Virginia’s 17.5-cent-a-gallon excise tax on gas with an increase in the state sales tax. His plan, if approved, would make Virginia the only state without an excise gasoline tax. His proposal would leave intact an additional 0.6-cent-a-gallon levy at Virginia pumps that goes into a fund to help landowners remove old petroleum storage tanks. Virginians would continue to pay some state gasoline tax -- 6 cents on a 10 gallon fill up. We won’t quibble about this small levy, which is not used to build roads. We rate McDonnell’s statement .
Statement: The same 3 senators who have spent the last 3 years s------- themselves over 'Benghazi!' just introduced a bill to reduce embassy security by 50 percent.
Speaker: the other 98%
About the speaker: The Other 98% is an activist organization that favors an increase in the minimum wage and opposes favorable tax treatment for large corporations.
Date: January 9, 2017
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: A meme from the Other 98 said, "The same 3 senators who have spent the last 3 years s------- themselves over ‘Benghazi!’ just introduced a bill to reduce embassy security by 50 percent." The meme has a point — Cruz, Rubio and Heller did submit a bill that seeks to leverage the threat of a 50 percent cut to the State Department’s "Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance" account in the service of forcing the executive branch to move the U.S. embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. However, the meme goes too far in suggesting that the 50 percent cut was the purpose of the bill, and it ignores that some of the most important security funds would be untouched. The meme also ignores that essentially the same bill was introduced almost a year before the Benghazi attacks, and it incorrectly labels Heller as one of the more outspoken Republican lawmakers on Benghazi. We rate the statement .
Statement: Foreign companies in the United States have a significantly higher unionization rate than other companies overall.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: April 14, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: labor;unions
Context: a Senate committee hearing
Fact-check justification: He went a step further and provided specific numbers in a statement from his office: 12.4 percent of workers at foreign-owned U.S. subsidiaries are union employees while fewer than 7 percent of private-sector workers in the U.S. are union employees. In support, Brown's staff referred us to the Organization for International Investment, a Washington-based business association representing U.S. operations of global companies. Its statistics, we confirmed, are drawn from publicly available data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce. Their figures showed:   In sum, U.S. employees of foreign-owned companies have a higher rate of union membership than the U.S. workforce as a whole, and a much higher rate than workers in the private sector. Brown's statement rates as .
Statement: A private school tax break in the Wisconsin state budget is "the most generous in the nation.
Speaker: tony evers
About the speaker: Tony Evers, a Democrat, was elected Wisconsin governor in November 2018. His term begins in January 2019. Evers has served as the Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction, a non-partisan position, since 2009. He previously worked as a teacher and school district administrator.
Date: June 23, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;income;state budget;states;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: All of which makes the point that, depending on a family's income, the number and ages of their children, and the income tax rates in their state, the benefit to them of a state’s private school tax break can vary widely. Our rating Evers said a private school tax break in the Wisconsin state budget would be "the most generous in the nation." It's among the most generous -- for parents with multiple children attending a private high school, for example. But depending on various factors, it's not necessarily more generous than other states. We rate Evers’ statement .
Statement: Virginia Democrats recently enforced voter ID rules that were "considerably more stringent than those contained in the state law they denounce.
Speaker: mark obenshain
About the speaker: Mark Obenshain, R-26th, is a Virginia State Senator. His district is comprised of Page, Rappahannock, Shenandoah and Warren counties and Harrisonburg and part of Rockingham County. 
Obenshain lost the 2013 Virginia attorney general's race to Democrat Mark Herring by a slim margin after a recount. 
Obenshain was born in Richmond. His father, Richard Obenshain, was a Virginia Republican Committee chairman and Republican National Committee co-chairman and died in a plane crash during a U.S. Senate campaign.
Obenshain graduated from Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, in 1984, and received a law degree from Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington, in 1987.
Date: August 13, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: elections
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: Obenshain claims that the Democratic Party enforced voter ID rules in the 16th Senate District firehouse primary that were "considerably more stringent" than those mandated in a new state law. There was a temporary glitch at one polling place that required voters to produce two IDs, instead of just one mandated under state law. This was quickly corrected and didn’t reflect the party’s intent. That brings us down to the one ID that most primary voters had to produce. Democrats went one step beyond state law by requiring an ID with an address and another step by making sure the address matched with the one listed in voter rolls before a ballot was handed out. On the other hand, the party gets points for leniency because it did not enforce a state law requiring voters to produce a photo ID. So Obenshain’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out a lot of important information. We rate it .
Statement: If every small business in our state, on average, was able to create one new job we would cut our unemployment rate in half.
Speaker: frank caprio
About the speaker: Frank T. Caprio Jr. served as Rhode Island's general treasurer from 2007 through 2010. He ran an unsuccessful campaign for governor in 2010 and ran for treasurer again in 2014, losing in the Democratic primary. Prior to that, he served as a state senator from 1995-2006 and as a state representative from 1991 to 1994. He is married and has two children.
Date: June 10, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;small business
Context: speeches and on his campaign website
Fact-check justification: In a state with one of the nation’s highest unemployment rates, 25,815 new jobs sounds pretty good. But not as good as Caprio’s claims. Unemployment cut in half? Not quite. So we’re calling it .
Statement: Says the federal government "tells health insurance companies how much money they're allowed to keep of what they receive in revenues -- 15 percent.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: February 29, 2012
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a campaign speech
Fact-check justification: Santorum said the federal government allows health insurance companies to keep only 15 percent of their revenues to run their businesses. His description of the medical loss ratio provision of the health reform law doesn't tell the whole story. The rule does require large group insurance plans to spend 85 percent of their premium income on real health care. For small group plans the rule is more generous. All health insurance companies are still free to spend other streams of revenue however they wish, and several types of expenses are specifically exempted from the 15 (or 20) percent limit. Santorum’s statement leaves out a good deal of important information. That pushes the needle to .
Statement: Says Michigan congressional candidate Elissa Slotkin "just parachuted into the district to run for Congress" and "admitted that she doesn't know our area.
Speaker: mike bishop
About the speaker: Mike Bishop is a Republican who represents the 8th Congressional District of Michigan.
Date: September 19, 2018
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;elections
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Bishop’s ad portrays Slotkin as a "Washington insider" who parachuted into the district to run for the U.S. House. It also utilized an audio clip to allege she doesn’t know the outlines of the district. On some of the technical claims, the ad is accurate. Slotkin has only voted once in the state (in her own primary race), and she is not a Michigan homeowner. However, the ad leaves out important details about her childhood background in the district, and takes her words at a campaign event out of context. The home where she lives is owned by her parents on her family farm, and is slated to be passed down to her. The ad's soundbite is clipped to make it sound like Slotkin admitted to not knowing the outlines of her own district. A similar Slotkin statement shows she may not have known the boundaries before moving back to the state, but she does now. We rate the  . Update, Sept. 24, 2018:  This report was updated to include Slotkin's birth in New York. The rating remains the same.
Statement: I've been here almost every day.
Speaker: jay nixon
About the speaker: Jay Nixon, re-elected governor of Missouri in November 2012, previously served as attorney general and as a state senator.
Date: August 17, 2014
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;criminal justice;crime
Context: on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: When Raddatz said Nixon hadn’t visited the scene of Brown’s death for five days, Nixon replied, "I've been here almost every day." Brown was shot Aug. 9 and violence broke out Aug. 10. Nixon first visited a nearby city on Aug. 12, but he didn’t visit Ferguson until Aug. 14. While Nixon was active early — calling for a federal investigation the morning after a standoff between protesters and police and attending the nearby community meeting — there is a distinct and noticeable shift in Nixon’s activities starting Aug. 14. Prior to that date, Nixon kept up his schedule and continued to make appearances unrelated to the Ferguson shooting. After that date, he held daily press conferences and meetings near the scene of the crime, visited the location of the shooting, and made no other official public appearances. In all, he was in Ferguson for three days from Aug. 10 through Aug. 16, all toward the end of the week. Given the  and the parameters of Raddatz’s question, Nixon’s statement is .
Statement: Says that Donald Trump "supported Charlie Crist.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: August 6, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: campaign finance;candidate biography
Context: Cleveland
Fact-check justification: Rubio said Trump "supported Charlie Crist" rather than Rubio. During the 2010 Senate race in Florida, Trump gave Crist $4,800. Trump also hosted two fundraisers for Crist that year, and Crist met with Trump to huddle about a prospective campaign as early as 2005. The only caveat, in the context of an exchange about Trump’s imperfect party loyalty, is that Crist was a Republican at the time. We rate this  .
Statement: The  Georgia Department of Economic Development assisted with the creation of 28,776 jobs, an increase of 29 percent from last fiscal year, and $5.97 billion in investments, a 32 percent increase.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: October 1, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: news release
Fact-check justification: The numbers included are provided by the companies. They are not from independent analysis or state Economic Development Department examination. And many of the promised jobs and investments extend beyond the noted fiscal year -- they extend over  the course of several years. That critical context is needed to move this item higher on the -O-Meter. We rate the statement .
Statement: Video shows irate airline passenger demanding a seat away from an unvaccinated passenger and being asked to leave the airplane.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 3, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post shows video footage of an irate airline passenger who demanded a different seat away from an unvaccinated passenger and was asked to leave the airplane. The video was shared across social media as if it depicted a real event. The video, however, is a fictional film titled "Covid Flight" that features professional actors. "Covid Flight" is listed on IMDb, an online database of films, and the actors who play the passenger and the airplane captain are identified. We rate this  .
Statement: Bill Gates and AOC say that a cow emits more pollution than a car.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 31, 2022
Topics: environment;climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims Gates Ocasio-Cortez said cows emitted more pollution than cars. Although both have talked about climate change in the past and the roles that fossil fuels and livestock play in greenhouse gas emissions, neither have said anything resembling the  in the Facebook post. The methane emitted by cows is more potent in contributing to climate change, but it breaks down in the atmosphere considerably more quickly than the carbon dioxide from cars. We rate the Facebook post .
Statement: Says GOP Senate nominee Darryl Glenn said he wants to see Ted Cruz appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Speaker: michael bennet
About the speaker: Michael Bennet is a senator from Colorado, appointed in January 2009 by former Colorado Gov. Bill Ritter to fill a vacated Senate seat. Bennet successfully ran for his first full term in 2010 and was re-elected in 2016. He received a degree in history from Wesleyan University and his J.D. from Yale Law School. In 2019, he announced he is running for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: July 11, 2016
Location: colorado
Topics: supreme court
Context: a campaign email
Fact-check justification: In a fundraising email, the Michael Bennet campaign quoted Darryl Glenn saying, "I for one want to see Cruz as a Supreme Court appointee." Glenn, a self-described "unapologetic" conservative, has publicly repeated his vow to "lead the charge to make sure (Cruz) is our next Supreme Court justice." We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/9b81b278-d847-4da1-8fee-cae9dc9c3680