chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Images show a great white shark on the beach in North Carolina.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 28, 2023
Location: north carolina
Topics: animals;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Ocearch, which tags and tracks great white sharks, tagged a great white in 2020 that it named Breton and found him again surfacing off the Outer Banks on March 25 and March 28.   Breton is a 13-foot, 1,400-pound male, according to the group. Great white sharks, which inspired the shark in the "Jaws" movies, are found in cool, coastal waters around the world, according to National Geographic.   Great whites, the largest predatory fish on Earth, grow to an average of 15 feet in length, though some exceed 20 feet and weigh up to 5,000 pounds. Officials said a great white shark did not beach in the Outer Banks of North Carolina, so we rate the  .
Statement: Video shows Mitch McConnell saying Nancy Pelosi "should be jailed!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 16, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The video features two clips of McConnell, and in neither does he suggest that Pelosi — or anyone — should be jailed.   In the first clip, from March 2019, McConnell, R-Ky., urged the House to pass legislation related to the Middle East. In the second, from February 2021, McConnell criticized Pelosi, D-Calif., and described as "partisan" her push for a commission to investigate the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol.   We searched Nexis news archives and looked more broadly online for instances of McConnell claiming that Pelosi should be jailed, and we found no credible sources for such a .   We rate this post .
Statement: 15 years ago, cancer drugs cost an average of $10,000 a year. Now it's $10,000 a month.
Speaker: bill maher
About the speaker: Bill Maher is a comedian and host of HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher. He also works as a comedian and actor.
Date: October 2, 2015
Topics: health care;punditfact
Context: an episode of HBO's "Real Time with Bill Maher"
Fact-check justification: Maher said, "15 years ago, cancer drugs cost an average of $10,000 a year. Now it’s $10,000 a month." The average annual cost of a drug isn’t easy to calculate, given the way cancer drugs are scheduled; many drugs aren’t used every month for an entire year. So the first half of the statement is hard to verify, though we did find one academic source that cites a similar figure. However, Maher has a point that the cost of cancer drugs has increased dramatically since 2000, when the average monthly price of a cancer drug, when it first hit the market, was about $4,600. In 2015, the monthly cost is over $10,000. Maher’s numbers are a little squishy, but they’re in the ballpark. We rate his  .
Statement: Pam Bondi told a group of lobbyists she'll side with corporate special interests as attorney general.
Speaker: dan gelber
About the speaker: Dan Gelber is a former Florida state Senator representing Miami Beach. He campaigned to be Florida Attorney General and was defeated on Nov. 2, 2010.
Date: October 8, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;message machine 2010
Context: a TV campaign ad
Fact-check justification: So back to the question. Did Bondi "tell a group of lobbyists that she’ll side with corporate special interests?" She describes herself as pro-business, and she did tell a group of lobbyists, business owners and fundraisers from AIF and the Florida Chamber of Commerce that she sided with their stance against public unionization votes. But that’s only one issue. In fact, Gelber is also on the record on that issue, with the opposite stance. We don't think that means he'll always side with unions, and we think it's too great a leap to generalize that Bondi will always side with business interests. Therefore we rate the  .
Statement: Says Houston National Cemetery is preventing Christian prayers from being said at military funerals.
Speaker: foramerica
About the speaker: According to its website, ForAmerica is a nonprofit group advocating personal freedom, personal responsibility, a commitment to Judeo-Christian values, a strong national defense and limited government.
Date: July 11, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: military;religion
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: ForAmerica said the Houston National Cemetery "is preventing" Christian prayer at military funerals. The group based its  on recent online references to a congressman’s  in July 2011. We found no current restrictions or even proof that anyone was stopped from saying a Christian prayer in the past. To the contrary, volunteers and the current cemetery director told us Christian prayers are welcome. We rate ForAmerica’s statement as .
Statement: Then-Vice President Mike Pence "seized power" from President Donald Trump and undertook "a coup" when he called on federal agencies to stop the Jan. 6 Capitol riot.
Speaker: mark finchem
About the speaker: Mark Finchem was elected in 2015 as a state representative. He is running as a Republican for Arizona Secretary of State in 2022.
 
Date: July 28, 2022
Location: national
Topics: congress;jan. 6;arizona
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Finchem said Pence "seized power" from Trump and undertook "a coup" when he called on federal agencies for assistance on Jan. 6. Pence spoke with military or security leaders on Jan. 6 to get help securing the Capitol. As vice president of the United States, president of the U.S. Senate and a member of the National Security Council, it was within the scope of Pence’s power to talk to leaders who could defend the Capitol against domestic enemies. That does not equate to Pence seizing power from Trump or orchestrating an overthrow of the government. We rate this statement ! RELATED : Jan. 6 hearing piles on : Pence didn’t have power to change 2020 election RELATED : All of our fact-checks about Jan. 6 RELATED : A coalition of ‘stop the steal’ Republicans aims to take control of US elections. QAnon is helping
Statement: Monticello power plant just outside of Pittsburg TX has been closed since 2018 because of renewable energy.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 17, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: energy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  Our ruling  The image that’s being shared on social media claims that the Monticello power plant closed because of renewable energy.   Renewable energy contributed to the plant’s demise but so did other factors. Namely: cheap natural gas.   The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says Sara Gideon's husband's law firm "took up to $2 million" from the same federal program she "falsely" attacked Susan Collins over.
Speaker: susan collins
About the speaker: Susan Collins is a Republican U.S. Senator representing Maine.
Date: August 1, 2020
Topics: campaign finance;federal budget;coronavirus
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Collins claimed that Gideon’s husband’s law firm "took up to $2 million" from the same federal program she "falsely" attacked Susan Collins over. The law firm where Gideon’s husband is a partner did take a loan through the federal Payment Protection Program program that could be as large as $2 million. With fewer than 500 employees, the firm qualifies as a small business under the program’s guidelines. But Gideon’s attack on Collins is largely accurate.  As Gideon claimed in an ad, after Collins received campaign contributions from the hotel industry, she wrote an exception in the PPP law that, according to a ProPublica investigation, enabled at least 59 large hotel companies to be approved for more than 600 forgivable government loans totaling up to $1 billion. We rate Collins’ statement .
Statement: The "most realistic estimates" for jobs created by Keystone XL are "maybe 2,000 jobs during the construction of the pipeline.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 27, 2013
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;energy;jobs
Context: an interview with the 'New York Times'
Fact-check justification: Obama said the Keystone XL pipeline might produce about 2,000 jobs during construction, based on the most reliable estimates. The White House provided no supporting  and the administration’s own State Department predicted that while the pipeline would produce few permanent jobs, the construction process itself would create nearly twice as many jobs as the president said. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Thom Tillis "refuses to say what we should do to combat ISIS.
Speaker: kay hagan
About the speaker: Kay Hagan served one term as a Democrat representing North Carolina in the U.S Senate.
Date: October 3, 2014
Location: national
Topics: military;terrorism
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Hagan said Tillis "refuses to say what we should do to combat ISIS." We reviewed Tillis’ public statements on the issue and found that he has provided few specifics. The majority of his remarks do not indicate what action he would take to respond to the ISIS threat. The most specific thing he’s said is that he supported continued air strikes in Syria on ISIS, but he later broadened that to say he supported  all options. And while he once said arming the Syrian rebels was reckless, he later said all options were on the table. We rate Hagan’s statement .
Statement: America has more people employed as tax preparers (1.2 million) than as police and firefighters.
Speaker: george will
About the speaker: George Will is a conservative columnist syndicated by the Washington Post.
Date: July 12, 2017
Topics: taxes;punditfact
Context: a column
Fact-check justification: Will isn't the only person to make this . A May 13, 2017, Economist article also included the outdated information. Our rating Will said that the number of tax preparers outnumbered the number of firefighters and police officers in the United States, but he was looking at outdated data. When we looked at the most recent statistics from the IRS and BLS, we found that the sum of firefighters and police officers outnumbers tax preparers. We rate this statement .
Statement: Coca-Cola's CEO "said he finds it easier to do work in China than in the United States.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: September 30, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: government regulation;taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Coca-Cola officials have not disputed the article’s content. We believe Perry’s statement is partially accurate, but omits some details. Kent said it is easier "in many respects" to do business in China. He also blamed political gridlock in the United States, not just "bureaucratic red tape." Our rating: .
Statement: [T]he Georgia Dome has returned $10 billion in economic impact to the state of Georgia.
Speaker: zell miller
About the speaker: Zell Miller was governor of Georgia from 1991 to 1999. He served in the U.S. Senate from 2001 through 2004.
Date: December 11, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;tourism
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: And Miller has a point that the Georgia Dome has returned billions in economic impact. But not $10 billion as he wrote. The numbers were flawed. And they were broadcast to a sizable audience via an op-ed column. We rate Miller’s  .
Statement: Says Kamala Harris said, "The American people aren't equipped to make these decisions for themselves.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 9, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: He was arguing that he and the president trust Americans to make the best choices for themselves while Harris and Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden want to mandate how people must respond to the coronavirus pandemic. But the post’s attack on Harris is a misfire. She didn’t say "American people aren’t equipped" to make decisions about the pandemic for themselves. She accused the Trump administration of failing to equip Americans with information they needed about the deadliness of the coronavirus to make those decisions.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Except for Virginia, "the other 49 states keep raising their gas tax.
Speaker: richard saslaw
About the speaker: Richard L. Saslaw, D-35th, joined the Virginia Senate in 1980. The district is composed of portions of Fairfaix, Alexandria and Falls Church. He previously served in the House of Delegates beginning in 1976. Saslaw has been the Democratic leader of the Senate since 1996, currently as minority leader. He sits on the Rules, FInance, Education and Health, Courts of Justice and Commerce and Labor committees.
Saslaw ran unsuccessfully for a U.S. House seat in 1984. He has owned several successful gasoline and automobile service businesses. 
Saslaw served in the U.S. Army from 1958 to 1960 and earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Maryland in 1965.
Date: January 15, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: states;transportation;taxes
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Saslaw said the 49 other states keep raising their gas tax. Twenty-five states have not raised their gas tax in a decade or more, and 14 of those states -- including Virginia -- have gone at least two decades without an increase. Saslaw offers no proof for his  and acknowledges he may have misspoken. His statement is , without basis and we give it our lowest rating, .
Statement: Canada charges the U.S. a 270% tariff on Dairy Products! They didn't tell you that, did they? Not fair to our farmers!
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 8, 2018
Location: national
Topics: agriculture;foreign policy;trade
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Not fair to our farmers!" That number is a reasonable estimate of Canada’s dairy tariffs, which are high by any standard. That said, the United States has recently run a sizable trade surplus with Canada in dairy products, driven by a strong business in a milk product that was unaffected by the high tariffs. Trump also glosses over the fact that the United States imposes its own trade barriers on certain American-made products. The statement is basically accurate but needs clarification, so we rate it .
Statement: Says "combined doses of vaccines" have never been tested.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 15, 2019
Topics: fake news;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post on Facebook claims that "combined doses of vaccines" have never been tested. The testing of vaccines, both singularly administered and given in conjunction with other vaccines, is a well-documented, years-long process that is critical for vaccine approval across the world. We rate this post !
Statement: Federal spending on entitlements "is projected to consume all revenue by 2045.
Speaker: josh mandel
About the speaker: Josh Mandel, a Republican from Lyndhurst, is a Marine veteran who served two tours in Iraq. He served as Ohio treasurer from 2011 to 2019.  Before that, he was a state representative from the 17th Ohio House District. He unsuccessfully challenged Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 US Senate race. Mandel is running for the GOP nomination for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat in 2022.
Date: February 11, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: federal budget;health care;medicaid;medicare;social security
Context: a letter to Ohio lawmakers
Fact-check justification: The CBO cites the need, too. The political parties just disagree on how much of each is needed. This additional information about the CBO figures is helpful in fully understanding Mandel’s . Yet his language was clear: He was citing projections, not certainty. When a  is accurate but needs additional information to be fully understood, PolitiFact rates it .
Statement: Actor Mark Wahlberg said "Hollywood pedophiles have 'nowhere left to hide.'
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 14, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: We found no  to support these quotes or claims. The photo in the post is authentic, but it shows Wahlberg in Chicago in 2017, when he joined a press conference at the Archdiocese of Chicago headquarters "to help the church’s renewed effort to galvanize young adults toward their faith," the Chicago Sun-Times reported .   "I think the most important thing for me to do, as a person who needed guidance and who needed to refocus his faith, was to be an example," Wahlberg said at the press conference, during which he credited his Catholic faith with helping get his life on track. PolitiFact didn’t immediately hear back from Wahlberg about the claims in the post, but Lead Stories reported that a representative for the actor said "this story is completely . "  That’s what we rate it: .
Statement: When George Bush said we shouldn't investigate why the government's response to Hurricane Katrina was so incompetent, John McCain stood with him.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: September 15, 2008
Location: national
Topics: bush administration;natural disasters 
Context: St. Clair Shores, Mich
Fact-check justification: He supported the Homeland Security investigation. It may not have been the kind of investigation the Democrats wanted. It may not have had the independence Democrats wanted. But it was an investigation. And so we rate Biden's statement .
Statement: Says President Ronald Reagan "had a month of job creation of 1 million.
Speaker: george will
About the speaker: George Will is a conservative columnist syndicated by the Washington Post.
Date: April 5, 2015
Topics: jobs;punditfact
Context: an appearance on Fox News Sunday
Fact-check justification: Will said Reagan created 1 million jobs in one month. The reality is that the jobs created  by Reagan in 1983 were the result of a counting anomaly that started with a strike of telephone workers. The federal Bureau of Labor Statistics rightly discounted the spike when it first reported it in 1983, as did news reports. Will should have, too. We rate the  .
Statement: Says award-winning Milwaukee Public Schools teacher Megan Sampson was laid off because Gov. Scott Walker cut state aid to education.
Speaker: gail collins
About the speaker: Gail Collins is a columnist with the New York Times. She previously served on the New York Times editorial board and as a columnist for the New York Daily News and Newsday.
Date: February 15, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;labor
Context: a column
Fact-check justification: Our rating Collins said Gov. Scott Walker’s policies were to blame for Milwaukee Public Schools teacher Megan Sampson being laid off. But Sampson lost her job in June 2010, six months before Walker took office. We rate the  . ------ More on Scott Walker For profiles and stories on Scott Walker and 2016 presidential politics, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel's Scott Walker page .
Statement: 90% of (state Sen. Tom Barrett's) donors are from special interests
Speaker: house majority pac
About the speaker: House Majority PAC is the biggest-spending Democratic super PAC operating in the House landscape.
Date: September 13, 2022
Location: michigan
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Although it’s  that nearly 90% of Barrett’s campaign funding as a state legislator has come from outside groups, the ad never makes that clear to the viewer, confusing the idea of the sum of the donations with the donors themselves. It also says both that Barrett’s donors "are" and "were" special interests, directly noting his congressional campaign in an image — but not explaining what it means by "state campaign donors." Although House Majority PAC contends that phrase clearly indicates donations to his campaigns as a Michigan legislator, the ad never mentions that he is a state legislator, though it does, later in the ad, mention that he "sponsored a bill" and contains an image of the state Capitol in Lansing. Even so, it could just as easily seem to a viewer that the ad is referring to donations to his congressional campaign from inside Michigan, since that is the only campaign noted in the ad. House Majority PAC’s ad also obscures that a majority of Barrett’s donors and donations to his current congressional committee are individuals, not special interest groups..  We rate this  as .