chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Only nine" coalition nations with the U.S. "are truly actively involved" in fighting the Islamic State.
Speaker: rob wittman
About the speaker: Rob Wittman, a Republican, represents Virginia's first 1st Congressional District, which stretches from Newport News to some outlying Norther Virginia preincts.
Wittman worked for 20 years at the Virginia Department of Health as an environmental health specialist and as field director for the Division of Shellfish Sanitation.
He served on the Montross Town Council from 1986 to 1996 and on the Westmoreland County Board of Supervisors from 1996 to 2005. He was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 2005. Two years later, he won a special election to Congress following the death of Rep. Jo Ann Davis, a Republican.
Wittman holds a B.S. in biology from Virginia Tech, a Master's degree in public health from the University of North Carolina and a Ph.D. in public policy and administration from Virginia Commonwealth University.
Date: December 9, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: military;terrorism
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Wittman, in arguing the U.S. isn’t getting enough help in the heavy lifting against the Islamic State, said just nine of our international coalition partners are "truly actively involved" in military efforts against the militant group. The figure is credible based on government data and media reports. Thirteen nations have taken part in airstrikes against the group during the past year, according to the Pentagon. There are indications that perhaps half of the countries have suspended their roles against the Islamic State, although they may resume in the future. The lack of transparency from some coalition governments makes it impossible define a precise number at any given time. Also, we should note that some countries are contributing to the military campaign in ways other than airstrikes - such as providing aircraft for refueling, reconnaissance and military personnel to train local forces. With those clarifications, we rate Wittman’s statement .
Statement: Biden "wants to buy lithium from China for electric cars.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 14, 2022
Location: national
Topics: china;energy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that Biden wants to buy lithium from China for electric cars. While the U.S. already buys foreign products like lithium from China, Biden’s recent announcement highlighted efforts to stop this and expand domestic mining of the material.  We rate the post .
Statement: Ms. Kagan has spent her entire professional career in Harvard Square, Hyde Park and the D.C. Beltway.
Speaker: john cornyn
About the speaker: John Cornyn is a U.S. senator from Texas, former Texas attorney general and former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He earlier served as a Bexar County state district judge.
Date: May 10, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: kagan nomination;supreme court
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: And White House officials argue Kagan's roots as the granddaughter of Russian-Jewish immigrants, the daughter of a public school teacher and a tenant lawyer, and her career as an accomplished lawyer and well-regarded teacher solidify her "ordinary people" cred. Asked about this issue, White House spokesman Robert Gibbs cited Kagan's "diversity of experience" and noted that as solicitor general, Kagan "represents the American people before the Supreme Court." But it's fair to say that Kagan has spent the bulk of her professional career in academia at the University of Chicago and Harvard Law School, and at various positions inside the Beltway. Again, whether that puts Kagan out of touch with "how ordinary people live," is a political discussion. But Cornyn's  that Kagan "has spent her entire professional career in Harvard Square, Hyde Park and the D.C. Beltway" is .
Statement: The federal deficit is "growing.
Speaker: eric cantor
About the speaker: Eric Cantor is a former congressman who represented Virginia's 7th District from 2001 to 2014. He rose to House minority whip in 2009 and House majority leader in 2011. Cantor was upset by Dave Brat in the 2014 GOP primary for congress. He is now vice chairman and managing director of Moelis & Company, a global investment bank.
 
 
 
Date: August 4, 2013
Location: national
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Cantor said that the federal deficit is "growing." Annual federal deficits are not growing right now, and they are not projected to grow through 2015, a point at which the deficit will have shrunk by three-quarters since 2009. By this standard, Cantor is . However, unless policies are changed, deficits are projected to grow again in 2016 and beyond, according to the CBO. On balance, we rate his  .
Statement: Blue Cross Blue Shield ended "2016 open enrollment with 1 million members in the Florida marketplace.
Speaker: kathleen sebelius
About the speaker: Kathleen Sebelius, a Democrat, was the U.S. Health and Human Services secretary from April 2009 through June 2014. She served as Governor of Kansas from 2003 to 2009.
Date: March 12, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on Meet the Press
Fact-check justification: Sebelius said Blue Cross Blue Shield ended "2016 open enrollment with 1 million members in the Florida marketplace." Her number is close. Florida Blue said 940,000 people enrolled as of Jan. 31, and the insurer expects the number to rise. It's also important to note that some other insurers have scaled back or dropped out of offering plans on the exchange.   We rate this statement .
Statement: Sen. Johnny Isakson voted for a trade agreement, "with China costing Georgia 93,000 jobs.
Speaker: jim barksdale
About the speaker: Running for U.S. Senate in Georgia 
Date: September 29, 2016
Location: georgia
Topics: trade
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: Barksdale said his  opponent in Georgia’s U.S. Senate race voted for trade legislation  "with China costing Georgia 93,000 jobs." Barksdale is correct that Isakson voted for the bill to normalize trade with China in 2000 and cites a 2014 number that said Georgia lost 93,700 jobs. One prominent study shows that. But other studies show the state actually gained jobs over the long run. Barksdale cherry picks his studies on this issue to make a point. We rate his  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/e10d6d82-6c78-47e2-ad80-b53650258923
Statement: African-American children are 500 percent more likely to die from asthma than white kids.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: July 31, 2015
Location: national
Topics: children;health care;race and ethnicity;public health
Context: Fort Lauderdale, Fla
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "African-American children are 500 percent — 500 percent — more likely to die from asthma than white kids." According to a 2006 study from the CDC, she’s right. According to more recent data, she’s slightly off, but only because she has underestimated the gap: In reality, it appears that black children are seven to eight times as likely to die of asthma as white children. We rate her  .
Statement: Title 42 has fueled the border crisis. In 2019, 7 percent of illegal border crossings were repeated crossings. Today the rate is 27 percent.
Speaker: tom nelson
About the speaker: In 2022, Outagamie County Executive Tom Nelson is a Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate. He was the Democratic nominee running in 2016 for the U.S. House seat held by Republican Reid Ribble. He has served as the Outagamie County executive since 2011. In 2010, Nelson won the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor but lost in the general election. Nelson served in the Wisconsin Assembly from 2004 to 2010, and the last two years was the Assembly majority leader.
Date: April 26, 2022
Location: national
Topics: border security;homeland security;wisconsin
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Nelson claimed "Title 42 has fueled the border crisis. In 2019, 7 percent of illegal border crossings were repeated crossings. Today the rate is 27 percent." The numbers are on target, and repeated crossing attempts under Title 42 have undoubtedly increased, which inflates the numbers. The lack of repercussions means there is little incentive to not try again. However, more people are trying to come into the U.S. based on other reasons, typically related to their home country.  That leaves a  that is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Hillary Clinton is in jail at Gitmo at the moment.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 28, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Later that day, she shared a photo of herself paying tribute to Albright and recalled a recent phone call with her fellow former secretary of state.    On April 29, Clinton tweeted an appeal to Americans to consider sponsoring a Ukrainian family fleeing from the warzone there.   Understandably, she didn’t post anything on social media about being detained, because she wasn’t. There are no news reports to support this unfounded , nor any other credible sources.   We rate it !
Statement: Says Amy McGrath "wants to fund more welfare for people who can work, but don't.
Speaker: congressional leadership fund
About the speaker: The Congressional Leadership Fund is a super PAC exclusively dedicated to protecting and strengthening the Republican Majority in the House of Representatives.
Date: August 8, 2018
Location: national
Topics: welfare
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: An ad by the Congressional Leadership Fund says that McGrath "wants to fund more welfare for people who can work, but don’t." This is exaggerated, and it hinges on the use of "more" to create a deceptive picture about her position. McGrath spoke out against the Kentucky HEALTH plan, which would have required Medicaid recipients to work or do community service in order to receive benefits. She also objected to the House version of the 2018 farm bill, which would have imposed stricter work requirements on SNAP recipients. However, in both instances, McGrath hasn’t called for more welfare. Rather, she opposes imposing work requirements and disqualifying some current recipients. McGrath has said she wants to keep the status quo on welfare, not to increase it or make it easier for people not to work. The statement is partially accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Says when Republicans took over the state legislature in 2010, New Hampshire's tax rate for employers was 50th in the nation, and unemployment had more than doubled under Democrats.
Speaker: william o'brien
About the speaker: William O'Brien is a Republican from Mont Vernon who serves as speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.
Date: August 15, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: jobs;taxes
Context: August 2012
Fact-check justification: We find he generalized a 2010 tax study, zeroing in on New Hampshire’s corporate tax rate, when several other factors contribute to The Tax Foundation’s corporate tax index for New Hampshire. And he failed to mention that New Hampshire’s corporate tax rank is still in the same ballpark in 2012. O’Brien used accurate unemployment figures comparing 2006 to 2010, but the numbers have more to do with the Great Recession than with the people (or the party) running the state. O’Brien was on target with the rank and rates he cited, but there is context missing and misplaced blame. We rate his  .
Statement: Blocking a U.S. Supreme Court nomination during the remaining months of President Obama's term "would leave the nation's highest court with an unprecedented year-long vacancy.
Speaker: new hampshire democratic party
About the speaker: The New Hampshire Democratic Party is the Granite State's branch of the Democratic National Committee.
Date: February 16, 2016
Location: new hampshire
Topics: congress;supreme court
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The New Hampshire Democratic Party said that not confirming a Supreme Court nominee from President Obama "would leave the nation’s highest court with an unprecedented year-long vacancy." While the lack of Senate vote on an actual nominee would indeed be unprecedented, there are at least three examples of a seat in the Supreme Court going unfilled for more than a year, one of them within the last half century. The statement contains an element of , but ignores critical facts. We rate the statement .
Statement: The FBI confirmed" that Ashley Biden said her father molested her.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 13, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims the FBI confirmed that Ashley Biden wrote in her diary that her father molested her as a child. The FBI said no such thing. The announcement of a plea deal involving two people who sold the diary does not mention either Biden’s name, much less the content of the diary. We rate this  .
Statement: As governor of Florida I defunded Planned Parenthood.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: August 6, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: abortion
Context: Cleveland
Fact-check justification: Bush said, "As governor of Florida I defunded Planned Parenthood." In 2001, he used his line-item veto power to end funding for Planned Parenthood affiliates, and that funding never returned. We must note that the money was for family planning and health care services, not abortions, but he did cut off state money for the group. We rate the statement .
Statement: Photo shows "'kids in cages' taken in 2014 under the Obama admin.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 2, 2020
Topics: immigration;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: She was flushed, listless, her little fists clung tightly to his shirt. Flu, meningitis, typhus, lice & more. #Border." Chain-link enclosures to hold migrant children at the border precede the Trump administration , but this photo is from his first term — not Obama’s second.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: I have never asked for nor received a single earmark or pork barrel project for my state.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: January 6, 2008
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: Manchester, N.H
Fact-check justification: "To the average person on the outside world, there might not be much of a difference with these things," Sepp said. Indeed, we agree with Sepp that the narrow Washington definition of "earmark" is less important than the impression McCain has left. It appears he was seeking pork barrel projects for Arizona, which puts a few blemishes on an otherwise pure record against pork. And so while we find there is no question that McCain has been a leading congressional voice against pork, these three examples conflict with his bold . So we find that  .
Statement: Migrants DEMAND $50,000 each to go home, or else …
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 12, 2018
Topics: immigration;homeland security;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A headline on thefederalistpapers.org says, "Migrants DEMAND $50,000 each to go home, or else…" A group of about 100 migrants went to the U.S. consulate in Tijuana requesting to be let into the United States or be paid $50,000 each, according to the San Diego Union-Tribune. The letter is addressed to Trump and offers a greeting on behalf all caravan members. Another group that had a separate letter for the consulate about asylum processing said it was unaware of the other group’s demands. So it’s possible that not all migrants were aware of and making that demand. The post is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Fifty-four percent of Wisconsinites live in a child care desert.
Speaker: sarah godlewski
About the speaker: Treasurer Sarah Godlewski is Wisconsin’s thirty-sixth State Treasurer and serves as the state’s chief financial officer. Godlewski is a candidate for U.S. Senate.
 
Prior to serving, she was the co-founder of a multimillion dollar socially responsible investment firm called MaSa Partners that invests in early-stage businesses. The Treasurer was also a founding member of WE Capital Fund which empowers female entrepreneurs through financing opportunities. Her work has been nationally recognized for achieving positive impact without sacrificing sound financial returns. 
 
Beyond investing, Godlewski worked at the Pentagon for almost a decade where she helped save taxpayers tens of millions of dollars and worked to create a performance-based budget for local government. She is a big proponent of financial literacy and supported such initiatives as an adjunct professor. The Treasurer started her financial career supporting micro-lending initiatives in rural India where she saw firsthand how access to capital can positively transform entire communities. 
 
Godlewski dropped out of the Democratic U.S. Senate primary July 29, 2022, clearing the field of major contenders for the party's presumptive nominee, Lt. Gov. Mandela Barnes.
Date: May 8, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;families;public health
Context: Newspaper opinion piece
Fact-check justification: Godlewski said 54% of people in Wisconsin live in child care deserts, referencing studies from the progressive think tank Center for American Progress. The study is recognized as one of the best available, but its methodology provides only a piece of the overall picture. And in distilling a complex, decentralized system into a neat, tidy percentage to tell a story, context and nuance are lost.  We rate this  .
Statement: Volodymyr Zelenskyy was photographed holding a soccer jersey with his name and a swastika.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 19, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: (The No. 95 is a reference to Kvartal 95, a media production company Zelenskyy started in 2003 and a stand-up comedy team on which he participated in Ukraine from 1997 to 2003.) The original image was distributed by the Ukrainian Presidential Press Service in June 2021. According to a caption on Agence France-Presse’s website, it shows him "posing with a jersey of Ukraine’s national football team." Since Russia invaded Ukraine, Russian President Vladimir Putin has pushed the idea that the effort is one of "denazification," a narrative historians have decried as " and destructive." We rate claims Zelenskyy was holding a jersey with a swastika .
Statement: The 2017/2018 budgets gave (President Donald) Trump billions for border upgrades. He's spent ALMOST NONE of it. 6%.
Speaker: chris murphy
About the speaker: Chris Murphy is a Democratic member of the U.S. Senate from Connecticut. He previously represented a district in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Date: December 23, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;federal budget;homeland security
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Murphy tweeted, "The 2017/2018 budgets gave (President Donald) Trump billions for border upgrades. He’s spent ALMOST NONE of it. 6%." This is a  talking point that makes it sound as if Trump’s administration is dawdling on the border wall at the center of the government funding dispute. The 6 percent figure refers to actual checks that have been cut. But at this early stage of a multi-year construction project, the more relevant figure is how much money has been committed under contract. That’s about 60 percent — 10 times the figure that Murphy and other Democrats have used. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: Says the unemployment rate for African-American youths is 59 percent.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 10, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: jobs
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump says the unemployment rate for black youths is 59 percent. The unemployment rate is a widely used term with a specific definition: It refers to the percentage of jobless people in the workforce who are actively seeking employment. In May, the unemployment rate for blacks ages 16 to 24 was 18.7 percent, or less than one-third of Trump’s . Trump’s campaign didn’t respond to our question about where the candidate got his 59 percent figure. But it appears likely it comes from a computation of all 16- to 24-year-old blacks who aren’t working and may not even want a job, including high school and college students. Clearly, black youths have a harder time finding work than whites. But Trump  the issue through his  use of statistics. We rate his statement .