chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: At the beginning of the last decade ... America had a budget surplus of over $200 billion. By the time I took office, we had a one-year deficit of over $1 trillion and projected deficits of $8 trillion over the next decade.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 27, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget
Context: his State of the Union speech
Fact-check justification: The White House does not; instead, it assumes that nothing changes in current law. So, Obama's overall point is correct that the government was enjoying a substantial surplus when Bush took office and had a big deficit when he departed; he's spot on about the surplus Bush began with. He's also correct about the deficit at the end of Bush's presidency, but there are two different ways to measure the 10-year projection when Bush left office. The CBO's estimate is $5 trillion lower than the White House numbers, though economists don't quibble with the White House methodology. So given that discussion, we'll take Obama down a notch to .
Statement: Says Joe Biden was "wearing a wire" during the first presidential debate.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 29, 2020
Topics: debates;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Listening to directions in his ear while also paying attention to the moderator and Trump would be challenging. The Facebook post is  and . We rate it ! This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Over 240,000 'unverified' ballots have already been sent out in Pennsylvania, a total mess. The Democrats are playing games again.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 28, 2022
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: elections
Context: a Truth Social post
Fact-check justification: Trump said "over 240,000 'unverified' ballots have already been sent out in Pennsylvania, a total mess. The Democrats are playing games again."  Trump’s statement suggests wrongdoing on behalf of Democrats, but we found no  of any attempts to manipulate the election. One of the Republican legislators who wrote a letter to the state about those ballots told PolitiFact he saw no nefarious behavior. A computer system flags a mail ballot application as "NV," or not verified, if further steps are required to verify a voter’s identification. But that doesn’t mean that 240,000 ballots were sent to unverified or ineligible voters. We rate this  .  RELATED : Ballots found in drop box before the voting period opened were legitimate, county official says RELATED : Not all results will be known on election night 2022. That’s normal RELATED : All of our fact-checks about Pennsylvania
Statement: The most recent Associated Press poll has Nader-Gonzalez at 6 percent, without any national coverage, against McCain and Obama.
Speaker: ralph nader
About the speaker: Ralph Nader, 74, ran for president in 2000 and 2004. Born in Winsted, Conn., in 1934, he graduated from Princeton University with a major in East Asian studies, and earned his law degree from Harvard. After a stint in the Army, he made his name as a consumer advocate with exposes on the auto industry, notably the 1965 book "Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile." He and his activist-disciples, known as "Nader's Raiders," successfully advocated consumer-banking laws, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Freedom of Information Act and a host of other reforms. A bachelor, he still resides in Winsted, though he spends much of his time in Washington, D.C.
Date: June 18, 2008
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: an interview with "Democracy Now!," an independent radio program
Fact-check justification: But that's six months. Obama and McCain had been mentioned on television about that much in just the previous three days. Nader's coverage had been so slight compared to that of the major-party candidates that we have a hard time holding his hyperbole against him. We are also reluctant to pick on Nader too much for getting the name of a poll . So with the caveat that his  says little about how he'll do in November, we find it .
Statement: FBI RAIDS OBAMA – Find Massive Secret That Was Hidden For YEARS.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 7, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: According to the state agency, "From tax years 2013 to 2016, Alhanik filed monthly sales tax returns reporting a total of $971,935 in gross sales. However, the SCDOR investigation revealed actual sales to be $2,688,533. Due to the underreported sales, the defendant evaded paying $136,753 in sales taxes due to the state of South Carolina." Maxipolitics.com took that real story and distorted it by adding details about the FBI and an image of the former president. We rate this  .
Statement: The e-cigarette vaping phenomenon has wiped out all the progress we've made on reducing youth smoking.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: May 29, 2019
Location: virginia
Topics: public health
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Kaine said, "The e-cigarette vaping phenomenon has wiped out all the progress we’ve made on reducing youth smoking." The senator’s office told us he was referring to a recent CDC report showing since 2011, the growth in e-cigarette use among middle and high schoolers has far exceeded the decrease in smoking. The rise in vaping between 2017 and 2018 - the last two years of the survey - is especially eye opening. But in making his comments, Kaine did not cite the CDC report nor give a starting date for his measurement. And if you go back two decades or more, there’s still been progress in curbing youth tobacco use. So we rate Kaine’s statement .
Statement: The stock market has almost tripled since April of 2009.
Speaker: jim webb
About the speaker: Jim Webb is running for president of the United States in 2016.
Webb, a Democrat, served as a U.S. senator from Virginia in 2007-13. He served as the first Assistant Secreatry of Defense for Reserve Affairs and Secretary of the Navy in the Ronald Reagan administration.
Webb is a 1968 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and served as a Marine Corps infantry officer until 1972 and saw action in the Vietnam War, for which he was awarded the Navy Cross, Silver Star, two Bronze Stars and two Purple Hearts.
Webb was born in Saint Joseph, Mo. He also has a law degree from Georgetown Law Center, Washington, D.C. He has written fiction and nonfictions books and won an Emmy award for his 1983 PBS coverage of the U.S. Marines in Beirut. He frequently writes opinion columns for many publications.
Date: March 15, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;financial regulation
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Webb said that "the stock market has almost tripled since April of 2009." There are different ways to measure "the stock market." For three of the four most common yardsticks, Webb is basically right; for the other one, he’s off base, but not dramatically so. And it's worth noting that the period Webb chose maximizes the increase; a longer time horizon makes the gain more modest. The statement is accurate but needs additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: Video shows China launching an "artificial sun" into space.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 11, 2022
Topics: china;science;space;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: It’s a nuclear fusion reactor — officially named the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak — that recently set a record for sustained high temperatures after running five times hotter than the sun for more than 17 minutes, according to the Independent , which cited state media in China. It’s one of three "artificial suns" being developed in China in hopes of providing "almost limitless clean energy," the story says — and they’re all indoors.    The footage that is wrongly being characterized as showing China launching a  sun appears to actually show a late December rocket launch from the Wenchang Space Launch Center.   An English translation of a Dec. 24 Weibo post from a similar vantage point on the beach says: "The rocket launch site, let us witness the great power of China’s aerospace. "  We rate the claims that China launched an artificial sun into space .
Statement: Says Facebook shut down a "Chick-Fil-A Appreciation Day.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: April 11, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: food
Context: a commentary on the Fox News website
Fact-check justification: Cruz wrote that Facebook shut down a "Chick-Fil-A Appreciation Day." This  delivers only half the bird--we mean, story. In 2012, Facebook says, it responded to an objection by removing an events page encouraging turnout at Chick-Fil-A restaurants. But the appreciation day page didn’t violate Facebook’s community standards, the company says, and it was put back online within 12 hours; the celebration occurred after all. On balance, we rate Cruz’s  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: A reporter who covered the Buffalo supermarket shooting was a "crisis actor.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 16, 2022
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Brandon Walker, it is. I work for a station in Houston, KPRC2; however, I’ve filed reports for our sister stations in other cities." Walker and KPRC did not immediately respond to emailed requests for comment.   Another Houston-area journalist tweeted that KPRC and WKMG both are owned by Graham Media Group , a broadcasting company, which might have prompted the "Walker Graham" error. We rate these "crisis actor" claims !
Statement: Says the Human Rights Campaign is secretly funded
Speaker: pat mccrory
About the speaker: Pat McCrory, a Republican, was governor of North Carolina from 2013 to 2017. Previously, he served as mayor of Charlotte.
Date: May 24, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: campaign finance;corrections and updates;lgbtq;sexuality;transparency
Context: a radio interview on Charlotte's WBT
Fact-check justification: McCrory is clearly  that "We don't know who funds them." In the case of the group’s overall budget, we know the name of 47 corporations who are major contributors, ranging from Nationwide Insurance to Starbucks. We don’t know much they gave, but we can at least see how they stack up in a tiered sponsorship system. In the case of the purely political donations, we don’t know the identity of the majority of the donors, who gave in small amounts. But an easy search of public data shows hundreds of people, from business owners and activists to farmers and dentists, who gave more than $200 to the group’s PAC and Super PAC, along with how much they gave. The Human Rights Campaign is not fully transparent, but it’s more transparent than other so-called dark money groups. We rate this  . Update: This article has been updated to include the correct spelling for Brandon Lorenz. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/560d842a-f632-44f2-b254-d57d393ed278
Statement: Iraq has the second-largest oilfields in the world (behind) Saudi Arabia.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 14, 2011
Location: national
Topics: energy;foreign policy
Context: an interview with Sean Hannity of Fox News
Fact-check justification: So currently -- or in the near future, a time when Trump says Iran would "take over Iraq" within "about two minutes after we leave" -- Iraq ranks fifth in the world, not second, at least according to this estimate. So where does this leave us? For the part of the comment in which Trump appeared to be talking about the eve of the Iraq War, he’s correct that Iraq had "the second-largest oilfields in the world … to Saudi Arabia." But where he flashes forward to a hypothetical, near-term takeover by Iran, Trump’s statistic is off slightly, since Iraq -- while still high on the list -- has been passed by three additional countries. On balance, we rate Trump’s comment .
Statement: 750 days since Bill Nelson & the Democrats in the Senate passed a budget. How can this be justified?
Speaker: george lemieux
About the speaker: George LeMieux is a former U.S. Senator from Florida. He was appointed by Gov. Charlie Crist in 2009 to fill the unexpired term of Sen. Mel Martinez and served until January 2011.
Date: May 19, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The number of days since a budget passed the Senate, 750, is correct. LeMieux's implication, though, is that Nelson and the Democrats in the Senate get the full blame. The  about the stalled budget process is that it is a function of partisan politics on both sides, not just the Senate Democrats. We rate this  .
Statement: Says approximately 70 percent of jobs created in the United States in November 2007-2008 were in Texas.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: January 15, 2009
Location: texas
Topics: economy;elections;workers
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Douglas Hall, director of the Economic Research and Analysis Network at Washington's non-partisan Economic Policy Institute, agreed that Perry's summary was . The institute focuses on the economic needs of low- and middle-income Americans. Hall stressed that employment estimates, based on monthly surveys of employers, are frequently adjusted anyway: "On an annual basis, the numbers are revised significantly and what can often happen is that six of the previous 18 months get changed not just in their magnitude but sometimes even in their direction, highlighting the fact that one must always take these numbers with somewhat of a grain of salt." We find Perry's conclusion to be  and highly , especially because the agency that made the calculation quickly pointed out an accurate -- though less dramatic -- way of summarizing its finding. We rate Perry's statement as .
Statement: You are more likely, as a child, to end up in the hospital because of the vaccine than you are because of COVID. That's data from the CDC and from VAERS.
Speaker: will cain
About the speaker: Will Cain is co-host of "Fox & Friends Weekend" on Fox News. He was previously an on-air personality at ESPN, where he hosted "The Will Cain Show" on radio and was a regular panelist on "First Take," a morning talk show.
Date: October 1, 2021
Topics: public health;pundits;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: a Fox News segment
Fact-check justification: Cain said, "You are more likely, as a child, to end up in the hospital because of the vaccine than you are because of COVID. That's data from the CDC and from VAERS." The  relied on the faulty assumption that the unverified reports submitted to VAERS can establish causation. Doctors rejected Cain’s  as  and . The experts said the data Cain provided to PolitiFact was cherry-picked, and that children are far more likely to be hospitalized from COVID-19 than the vaccine. We rate Cain’s  . RELATED:   Doubts raised over preprint study regarding myocarditis risk in teenage boys RELATED: Science Does Recommend COVID-19 Vaccine For Young People, Contrary To Larry Elder’s
Statement: If you want to see the jobs that I've saved and created in this storm he helped create, go anywhere in Ohio.
Speaker: lee fisher
About the speaker: Lee Fisher is the former lieutenant governor of Ohio. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2010.
Date: October 8, 2010
Location: ohio
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: While Fisher cant  credit for being singularly responsible for landing any of these deals, he played a role as development director and lieutenant governor. And the state has helped far more companies than noted above. So, can you find Fisher handiwork in the four corners of the state, as he suggests? While he's adding a bit of rhetorical flair when he says, look anywhere in the state, he is conveying an accurate picture of his and the development department's work. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Says Nancy Pelosi sent a letter to Portland's mayor after demonstrations there "urging him to stick to the proven Democratic Play book.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 10, 2021
Location: oregon
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But while the letterhead and signature in the missive posted on social media resembles those in this letter to Mnuchin, the error-filled text is unlike anything that appears in Pelosi’s correspondence to the treasury secretary.   We found nothing to support the  that this letter is real.   We rate this post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Boil some orange peels wit cayenne pepper in it stand over the pot breathe in the steam so all that mucus can release from yo nasal… MUCUS is the problem its where THE VIRUS LIVES!!!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 22, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A study published in the journal Cell Host & Microbe found that the "mucus layer... can prevent pathogen invasion and subsequent infection." Currently, there is no specific treatment for people with COVID-19. Cough medicine, pain relievers, rest and fluids are all recommended because they alleviate the typical symptoms of COVID-19: cough, shortness of breath and fever. So clearing out your sinuses will definitely not make you less likely to catch COVID-19 or cure you if you are sick, and there’s no  that orange peels, lemon peels or cayenne contain any healing properties, either. We rate this .
Statement: In the past two years, democracies have become stronger, not weaker. Autocracies have grown weaker, not stronger.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: February 7, 2023
Location: national
Topics: human rights;foreign policy
Context: the State of the Union
Fact-check justification: Biden claimed in his State of the Union speech that democracies around the world have grown stronger in the last couple of years, while autocracies have weakened. We couldn’t find  to back that up. Recent research suggests that global democracy has declined over the past several years, while authoritarian leadership has risen. A nonprofit that researches democracy found in 2021 that only 20% of the world’s population is living in free countries. But some experts said the  is broad and difficult to verify. Some democracies have gotten stronger since Biden took office — the U.S. is one of them, according to analysts. But others have weakened. Without  showing the changes Biden claimed, we rate this . RELATED: Fact-checking Joe Biden's 2023 State of the Union address