chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Video is evidence the moon landing was faked because someone would have had to stay behind to film
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 11, 2023
Topics: space;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) The footage is authentic, but no one stayed behind to film it. It shows the last time humans were on the moon, Dec. 14, 1972. On that date, the lunar module Challenger was filmed using a small, portable television camera attached to a pan-and-tilt unit that could be controlled from Earth via a high-gain antenna on the lunar rover, the National AIr and Space Museum explains on its website . Claims that this video is  that the moon landing was  are .
Statement: Pinnacle Overlook in Southwest Virginia is "closer to eight other state capitals than to Richmond.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: August 20, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: states
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Kaine says Pinnacle Overlook in far Southwestern Virginia is closer to eight state capitals than Richmond. Actually, it’s nine. So Kaine gets a "B+" on his own quiz. On PolitiFact’s grading scale, that translates to .
Statement: Says Gov. Tony Evers would, "allow the government to use red flag laws to confiscate your firearms without due process.
Speaker: national rifle association
About the speaker: An advocacy group that fights restrictions on the right to bear arms.
Date: September 22, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: legal issues;guns
Context: Radio ad
Fact-check justification: The NRA claimed that Evers would, "use red-flag laws to confiscate Wisconsinite firearms without due process." Like Vos on an earlier , the NRA vastly overstates the way red-flag laws work, suggesting there is no judicial process at all. In , the proposal backed by Evers had a judge involved from the start, unlike in some other states. The NRA also used over-the-top language in describing a temporary seizure through a clear judicial process as "confiscation." The NRA has a point that the gun owner is not necessarily involved in the initial hearing, but that alone — as other courts have held — does not mean it violates due process. Our definition for  is "the statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression." That’s what we rate this item.
Statement: Defendants charged with producing, directing or promoting an obscene sexual performance by a child will be arraigned & set free.
Speaker: new york city police benevolent association
About the speaker: The New York City Police Benevolent Association is a municipal union that represents sworn police officers in New York City. 
Date: December 2, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: The New York City Police Benevolent Association tweeted that under the state’s new bail reform law, "defendants charged with producing, directing or promoting an obscene sexual performance by a child will be arraigned & set free." Defendants facing this charge will be released as they await trial. We know from New York City arrest data that there are cases where this is the top charge at the time of arrest. In cases where the judge deems a defendant to be a flight risk, some pretrial supervision outside of a jail can be imposed. If a defendant is charged with this and certain other, more serious child pornography charges, bail may be imposed.   We rate this  .
Statement: He admits he still doesn't know how to use a computer, can't send an e-mail.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 12, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: One can argue how relevant this is to McCain's ability to lead the country, but even according to McCain, he is not very computer savvy. We rule the  in the ad . Update: On Sept. 15, 2008, we updated this story with information about how injuries sustained by McCain as a POW make it difficult for him to use a keyboard. However, given McCain's acknowledgment that he is learning to get online, this additional information did not change our ruling.
Statement: The Legionella bacteria is in most water systems in Illinois.
Speaker: bruce rauner
About the speaker: Bruce Rauner was elected governor of Illinois in 2014. He became the first Republican governor in the state in 12 years upon his inauguration in January 2015. The gubernatorial campaign was Rauner's first foray into politics. He previously had been a principal at the private equity firm GTCR in Chicago.
Date: January 3, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: environment;public health
Context: an interview with the editorial board of the Herald-News of Joliet
Fact-check justification: Rauner says news reports about his administration’s response to recurring incidents of Legionnaires’ disease at the Illinois Veterans’ Home in Quincy leave out a key part of the story: "The Legionella bacteria is in most water systems in Illinois." The governor’s statement glosses over the reality that any such contamination is likely present at low and non-threatening levels. The use of the word "most" is also questionable since there’s no real quantifiable . The CDC avoids quantifying the presence of the bacteria, which thrives on slime in poorly maintained internal water systems. The governor has a point that the bacteria lurks in a number of water systems. But his statement makes an unprovable  about the extent of the contamination. The governor’s  is overbroad and lacking in context. We rate it .
Statement: Says "in this next biennium, the cost of primary and secondary education is going to increase by more that $1000 per student. Half of that $1000 – $500 per student – is accounted for by the increased cost of PERS alone.
Speaker: john kitzhaber
About the speaker: John Kitzhaber, a Democrat, was governor of Oregon for two terms, starting in 1995. He was inaugurated in 2011 for an unprecedented third term.
He was elected to the Oregon Legislature in 1978, rising to the position of Senate President. He spearheaded the Oregon Health Plan as a legislator and as governor. Kitzhaber graduated from Dartmouth College and the University of Oregon Medical School (now Oregon Health & Science University). He worked as an emergency room physician in Roseburg from 1974 to 1988.
Date: January 14, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: education
Context: his State of the State Address
Fact-check justification: Becca Uherbelau, a spokeswoman for the Oregon Education Association, which represent public employees, says the proposed reforms would wind up in court. However, much of that has little to do with what the governor said -- and the statement we’re vetting. Kitzhaber has said on several occasions, most recently in his State of the State address, that if nothing changes, the state will be spending about $500 more per K-12 student to cover the cost of PERS in the next biennium. We checked his math and verified it with the executive director of PERS and the governor is right. We rate this  .
Statement: Says George Floyd appeared on Judge Judy.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 15, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: George Floyd Jr. was born in October 1973. The Judge Judy show debuted in September 1996, when Floyd was close to turning 23. Floyd attended high school in Houston, while the defendant was arrested in Chicago.   Photos of Floyd when he was a teenager also show that this is a different person than the 16-year-old who appeared on TV.   We rate this  .
Statement: Again today (Ahmadinejad) made light of 9/11, and said that he's not even sure it happened and that people actually died.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: April 16, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: Philadelphia
Fact-check justification: It is impossible to reach the summits of progress without changing the corrupt and unjust order of the world." Tehran insists its nuclear program is peaceful and intended to expand energy supplies for a growing population. The statement may be startling, but it's . Clinton accurately summarized Ahmadeinejad's recent comments about 9/11. We judge her statement to be .
Statement: The debt limit deal "allows President Obama to borrow unlimited amounts of money.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: October 28, 2015
Location: national
Topics: debt;deficit;federal budget
Context: Boulder, Colo
Fact-check justification: Paul said the debt limit deal "allows President Obama to borrow unlimited amounts of money." Under the just-passed legislation, there is no specific dollar amount of debt that the United States can incur between now and March 15, 2017. But discretionary spending is indeed limited by the same bill. Mandatory spending, meanwhile, can be considered unlimited, but that is not something that Obama has unilateral power over, as Paul’s  suggests. This mandatory spending is set by longstanding formulas, which can only be changed by Obama in concert with both chambers of Congress. The  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: Most of your serial killers, most of your people who commit domestic violence, they start off by abusing animals.
Speaker: e.j. finocchio
About the speaker: Dr. E.J. Finocchio is president of the Rhode Island Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
 
Date: April 24, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: animals;children;crime;public safety
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: The experts we consulted -- including one Finocchio sent us to -- said the best  shows that a majority of serial killers and domestic assailants do not have a history of animal abuse. The  supporting the idea that their first victims are animals is even slimmer. So the judges unanimously ruled that his statement is  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Says that the George W. Bush administration in 2005 revived a long-standing law when it "decided to charge those that crossed the border with criminal violations, rather than civil ones.
Speaker: julián castro
About the speaker: Julián Castro is a former U.S. secretary of Housing & Urban Development. He was the youngest member of Barack Obama’s cabinet, serving from 2014 to 2017. Just before he became secretary of HUD, he was the mayor of San Antonio, elected in 2009. Castro received a bachelor’s degree in political science and communications from Stanford University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on Jan. 2, 2020.
Date: April 1, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a Medium post
Fact-check justification: Castro said that the Bush administration in 2005 "decided to charge those that crossed the border with criminal violations, rather than civil ones." Immigrants who cross the border illegally were prosecuted for immigration offenses even before 2005. But the Bush administration introduced Operation Streamline in late 2005 to prosecute most immigrants who crossed the border illegally. Castro’s statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: The decision for the United States to buy heavy water from Iran "will directly subsidize Iran's nuclear program.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: April 22, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: energy;foreign policy;nuclear
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: There is an element of  in Ryan’s  about the $8.6 million transaction. Heavy water, which can be used to make a nuclear weapon, clearly is part of Iran’s nuclear program. But the fair-market-value purchase, for a material that the U.S. will use in nuclear research, is not a  subsidy. And by reducing Iran’s heavy water stockpile, the purchase helps Iran comply with a nuclear agreement that is aimed at making it harder for the country to develop a nuclear weapon. We rate Ryan’s statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/b09a048b-c6c6-4931-b845-3e16f84e9f90
Statement: In the United States, "we tax our exports and don't tax our imports.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: January 25, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: foreign policy;trade;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Ryan said: In the United States, "we tax our exports and don't tax our imports." On the export side, the United States doesn’t have an excise tax or tariffs on goods sold to foreign customers. But U.S. businesses do pay income taxes on their exports -- though multinational companies have the means to mitigate those taxes. On the import side, foreign companies don’t pay income taxes on goods they sell to the United States, but tariffs -- another form of tax -- are imposed on many imported goods. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details, our rating is .
Statement: Immigrants illegally in the country are treated "better than military veterans.
Speaker: blake masters
About the speaker: Blake Masters is a Republican candidate for U.S. Senate in Arizona. Until 2022, Blake Masters was Chief Operating Officer at Thiel Capital, the investment firm of billionaire Peter Thiel.
Date: October 15, 2022
Location: national
Topics: immigration;veterans;arizona
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Masters said that immigrants in the country illegally are treated "better than military veterans." The numbers tell a different story. This year, the Department of Veterans Affairs has $269 billion to help veterans get health care, pay their monthly bills, build their skills through education and training and buy homes. In the past year and a half, the department has released $980 million to help move homeless veterans into permanent housing.  By comparison, federal aid for immigrants illegally in the country is limited. Masters’ references to cash, cellphones and bus tickets were  and overlooked the wide gap between what veterans and immigrants in the country illegally receive.  We rate this  .
Statement: Says giving Motrin and Robitussin together can cause heart attacks in children.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 4, 2015
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An old rumor claims combining Motrin and Robitussin can cause heart attacks in children. There is no  that giving both of these medications to children causes heart attacks. Children who are too young or have underlying medical conditions can experience adverse side effects from taking any combination of over-the-counter medicine, health officials say. Parents are recommended to talk with their child’s health care provider, or a pharmacist, if they have any questions about mixing medications. This rumor is .
Statement: Sen. Tommy Tuberville is preventing military promotions "because he objects to women within the military getting access to reproductive care.
Speaker: charles schumer
About the speaker: Charles Schumer is a Democratic senator from New York and the Senate majority leader.
Date: March 28, 2023
Location: new york
Topics: abortion;congress;military;women
Context: a Senate floor speech
Fact-check justification: Schumer said Tuberville is preventing military promotions "because he objects to women within the military getting access to reproductive care." Tuberville’s procedural blockage targets a new Pentagon policy that allows service members up to 21 days of leave to obtain an abortion or fertility treatments, with reimbursement for travel costs. However, Schumer’s description of Tuberville’s intent is overly broad. Tuberville’s holdup of nominations is not intended to block service members from getting an abortion if they are stationed in states where abortion is legal, and it is not intended to block "reproductive care" beyond abortion, such as pregnancy care, fertility treatments or contraceptive services. We rate the statement .
Statement: Voter FRAUD exposed in Georgia. Over 2600 votes 'FOUND.'
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 16, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Live video
Fact-check justification: "These ballots were part of the hand audit directed by the secretary of state. Once the audit discovered them, it was recognized that they should be part of the final certified total. The audit did its job to assure legally cast ballots are counted properly." The Facebook post contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says Ron Johnson voted to turn Medicare "into a voucher program.
Speaker: democratic party of wisconsin
About the speaker: The Democratic Party of Wisconsin focuses on advancing state Democratic candidates and related issues.
Date: May 4, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;medicare;public health
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: Our colleagues concluded that, although there are technical differences between voucher and premium supports that may matter to health policy professionals, the two definitions have become almost indistinguishable and voucher program is a fair description for what Ryan proposed. Our rating The state Democratic Party says Johnson voted to turn Medicare "into a voucher program." To some health policy experts, there are technical differences between voucher and premium supports -- the latter term being preferred by Johnson and other Republicans when it comes to Medicare changes. But under Ryan’s proposals, Medicare would no longer pay fees to health care providers -- instead, Medicare beneficiaries would get a fixed subsidy to use toward their health care. We rate the statement .
Statement: I have returned money every year since taking office.
Speaker: lynn westmoreland
About the speaker: Rep. Lynn Westmoreland is a Republican from Georgia.
Date: October 16, 2013
Location: georgia
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: We took a look at the other members of Congress from Georgia and each one of them had spent less money in 2012 than was budgeted. Westmoreland spent less than most of his Georgia colleagues in 2012. To sum up, Westmoreland said he has returned money from his allotted budget each year he’s been in office. The numbers he sent -- and that we independently reviewed -- show he makes a good point. Our rating: .
Statement: We had the biggest drop of the rate of unemployment (in) all but 4 states.
Speaker: lincoln chafee
About the speaker: Lincoln Chafee is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He served one four-year term as Rhode Island's governor, beginning on Jan. 4, 2011. He was the first Independent to be elected to that office. He subsequently became a Democrat. As a Republican, he served as mayor of Warwick from 1992 to 1999, when he was appointed to the U.S. Senate following the death of his father, Sen. John H. Chafee. He was elected to a full Senate term in 2000. He is married with three children. In April 2015 he formed an exploratory committee to consider running for President.
Date: May 10, 2015
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;history;jobs;labor;states;workers
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: During his appearance on CNN, Chafee didn't specify how he was calculating his statistic, leaving his statement open for interpretation. Calculated in percentage points, Rhode Island’s ranking was better than he said. Calculated as a percentage, it was worse. Because his statement contains some element of , if looked at one way, but falls apart if viewed in a different way, we rate it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)