chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Because the Covid shots are still manufactured under the Emergency Use Authorization, they can change up to 49% of the ingredients without FDA approval.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 20, 2023
Location: national
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed, "because the Covid shots are still manufactured under the emergency use authorization, they can change up to 49% of the ingredients without FDA approval." Manufacturers cannot alter the vaccines’ ingredients without approval, regardless of their status. The FDA has said that any changes to a vaccine would require manufacturers to submit data and have their products reassessed.  The post also ignores that Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech’s COVID-19 vaccines are no longer under emergency use authorization for adults. We rate this  .
Statement: Americans now "support strikes (against ISIS) but the support for ground troops is not there. The support is very thin.
Speaker: katrina vanden heuvel
About the speaker: Katrina vanden Heuvel is the editor of The Nation.
Date: September 21, 2014
Topics: polls and public opinion;terrorism;punditfact
Context: a panel on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Vanden Heuvel said Americans now "support strikes (to fight the Islamic State) but the support for ground troops is not there. The support is very thin." In general, vanden Heuvel captures the sentiment of the American people. But she over- the influence of videos showing beheadings of journalists on Americans' attitudes about airstrikes. There was already majority support for airstrikes before the killing of the first journalist, James Foley. It is also a stretch to say support for ground troops is "not there" or "very thin." It is a minority opinion, but at least two polls show one-third of Americans support the idea. On balance, we rate her  .
Statement: A Time magazine cover shows Donald Trump looking at a child in a cage.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 20, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: One post sharing this altered cover was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .)   Kristin Matzen, a spokesperson for Time, told us that the image being shared on Facebook is not an authentic Time cover.   "It is a doctored image of the July 8, 2018 cover of Time," she said.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Today, we (in Pennsylvania) have higher unemployment and lower job growth than most.
Speaker: paul mango
About the speaker: Paul Mango is a Western Pa. healthcare consultant and candidate for governor of Pennsylvania.
Date: May 7, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: economy
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: But his  that Pennsylvania has lower job growth "than most" gives the impression that most states are seeing stronger job creation. The national rate and individual state rates are not the same thing. The national rate is skewed by states like California with larger populations and larger workforces than most, Davies said. It’s also important to note that some states with greater post-recession job growth suffered greater recession-era job losses than Pennsylvania, as Davies also pointed out. We rate this  .
Statement: ISIS is making millions of dollars a week selling Libyan oil.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 27, 2016
Location: national
Topics: energy;foreign policy;terrorism
Context: a foreign policy speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "ISIS is making millions of dollars a week selling Libyan oil." Experts and news reports say ISIS has attacked Libya’s oil fields in recent months, amid the country’s instability. But they roundly reject Trump’s  that ISIS jihadists based in that country have been able to seize, refine and sell the oil for "millions of dollars a week." Instead, they say, the terrorist group is focused on disrupting oil markets and preventing rivals from getting the oil in Libya. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Jen Psaki said in January 2022 that people will start seeing direct deposits in their bank account this weekend and payments to eligible Americans will continue for several weeks.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 31, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "And I have one more exciting implementation update for all of you," Psaki said about the bill. "Since the Treasury Department … and the IRS are working hard to get relief payments out the door as fast as possible to the American people, people can expect to start seeing direct deposits hit their bank accounts as early as this weekend." The federal government has so far cut three checks to eligible adults in response to the pandemic, not counting payments from the child tax credit which ended in December. While some lawmakers have pushed for a fourth round of stimulus payments, it so far hasn’t gained traction.   We rate this post .
Statement: Pelosi sinks to new low, tells Dems: if you have to lie to voters to win, do it.
Speaker: teaparty.org
About the speaker: Teaparty.org is a conservative news site. It says on its "about us" page that the "Tea Party is a grassroots movement calling awareness to any issue which challenges the security, sovereignty, or domestic tranquility of our beloved nation, the United States of America." 
Date: August 15, 2018
Topics: elections;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: A headline said, "Pelosi sinks to new low, tells Dems: if you have to lie to voters to win, do it." Pelosi said in an interview on MSNBC that she says to "candidates do whatever you have to do, just win, baby" but we found no  she told them to lie. Pelosi’s additional advice to candidates was to not make the election about Trump but make it about voters’ financial security and health care. We rate this headline .
Statement: Says Anthony Fauci's wife has "a secret plan to put psych drugs in drinking water" to get people vaccinated.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 23, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: But Crutchfield, a university philosophy professor, is exploring ideas in both the journal paper and this article — he’s not laying out Grady’s secret plan to drug Americans via our water supply.    His paper appeared on PubMed, which is maintained by a branch of the National Institutes of Health, but it wasn’t published there. It appeared in one of the many journals PubMed links to on its website.   And we found no  connecting Grady to the work that appears in the blog post.   We rate this  !
Statement: Says an investigative report concluded Ken Cuccinelli "should have been prosecuted" for disclosure violations, but Virginia's law was too weak.
Speaker: terry mcauliffe
About the speaker: Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat, was elected governor of Virginia on Nov. 5, 2013. He received 47.8 percent of the vote in defeating Republican Ken Cuccinelli, who came in at 45.2 percent. Robert Sarvis, a Libertarian, finished a distant third with 6.5 percent.
McAuliffe's inaguration as Virginia's 72nd governor is scheduled on Jan. 11, 2014.
McAuliffe, a wealthy businessman and noted political fundraiser, was co-chairman of President Bill Clinton's 1996 reelection campaign. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2005 and chairman of Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, McAuliffe unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Virginia governor.
McAuliffe was born in Syracuse, N.Y., on Feb. 9, 1957. He has a bachelor's degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. McAuliffe has lived in Fairfax County for more than 20 years, is married and has five children.
 
Date: July 20, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: ethics
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: McAuliffe said the ethics report said Cuccinelli "should have been prosecuted, but Virginia laws are insufficient." There is nothing in the report that remotely supports McAuliffe’s . To the contrary, the report concludes Cuccinelli did not violate any laws. McAuliffe’s hyperbolic statement is not only , it defies any reasonable reading of the report. We rate his comment .
Statement: Says if Oregon had limited its budget growth to the rate of population growth plus the rate of inflation, the state's all-funds budget would be about $27 billion today, not $60 billion.
Speaker: doug whitsett
About the speaker: Sen. Doug Whitsett, a former veterinarian, owns two small farms in the Klamath Basin, which breed and raise European Warmblood Horses for dressage and jumping. He is past president of the Oregon Veterinary Medical Association. He represents Senate District 28, Klamath Falls.
Date: February 18, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: state budget
Context: an opinion article
Fact-check justification: Whitsett said that if we had curbed budget growth 20 years ago by pegging it to population growth and inflation, our budget would be about $27 billion today instead of $60 billion. He was referring to an  calculation made by a typically unimpeachable source. The figure is actually closer to $36 billion. We won’t hold their error against Whitsett, but we do think it’s important to note that, if federal funds are a concern at all, our budget wouldn’t be quite as slight as Whitsett predicted. We rate this  .
Statement: Aunt Jemima was photographed chained to a table.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 22, 2020
Topics: corrections and updates;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: Stockhold’s website says "Aunt Jemima — I laughed because they paid me," was published in 2008. It’s listed in a category called, "myselfportraits ode to icons and other absurdities." A 2013 Denver art website described Stockhold’s work as "part stage, part social commentary, playful but never frivolous." We rate the post . Update, June 30: We updated the description of Stockhold's artwork.
Statement: California is leading the nation in holding drug companies accountable and fighting prescription drug prices.
Speaker: gavin newsom
About the speaker: Gavin Newsom was elected governor of California in 2018. He is the state's former lieutenant governor and served as mayor of San Francisco. He is a Democrat.
Date: April 17, 2019
Topics: health care;health check
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Newsom said "California is leading the nation in holding drug companies accountable and fighting prescription drug prices." States across the county are addressing the rising cost of prescription drugs in a variety of ways. California is not the only, or the first, one. The scope of what Newsom is attempting could bring down drug prices for California residents, and possibly residents in other states that join the effort. But Newsom’s sweeping plan is still in its infancy with many details pending, so it’s too soon to gauge success. We rate the  . This fact check was reported and edited by Kaiser Health News. PolitiFact and KHN are partnering to fact-check claims about health care.
Statement: The federal budget bill "reauthorizes the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, which provides taxpayer dollars so that the Four Seasons hotel can build a resort in Turkey.
Speaker: michael needham
About the speaker: Michael Needham is the CEO of Heritage Action for America.
Date: December 14, 2014
Topics: federal budget;punditfact
Context: comments on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Needham said OPIC "provides taxpayer-backed loans so that the Four Seasons hotel can build a resort in Turkey." The Ritz-Carlton, not the Four Seasons, received a $50 million OPIC loan to build a hotel in Istanbul in 2000. While Needham got the name of the hotel chain , we think most people would forgive mixing up two high-end hoteliers. That said, talking about building hotels overseas doesn’t give the full picture of what OPIC does. We rate his  .
Statement: A national organization says Georgia has one of America's toughest ethics laws.
Speaker: joe wilkinson
About the speaker: Joe Wilkinson, a Republican, is chairman of the House Ethics Committee
Date: January 20, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: campaign finance;ethics
Context: a newspaper article
Fact-check justification: Wilkinson would get high marks on the -O-Meter if he had said Georgia has some of the toughest rules on financial disclosures in the nation. That’s correct, but it’s not what he said. Wilkinson’s comments about the Center for Public Integrity’s report may give some people the  impression about what the organization was studying. They reviewed financial disclosures, not the entire scope of ethics guidelines. We rate his statement as .
Statement: Kroger stores are charging a "BLM charge.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 24, 2020
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Due to a coin shortage in the United States, Howard said, Kroger has introduced alternatives to giving quarters, nickels, dimes or pennies to customers as change. If customers pay with cash, stores can load their change onto cards to spend on a future shopping trip, or customers can round up their total bill to make a donation to the Kroger Co. Zero Hunger | Zero Waste Foundation, Howard said. Customers can also get "coin change at a lane with coins available. "  We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says Jordan Davis, son of Georgia Congresswoman Lucy McBath, was killed in "a drug deal gone bad.
Speaker: paul maner
About the speaker: Paul Maner is a Georgia Republican Party activist. He was a 2016 candidate for the Georgia state Senate.
Date: January 20, 2020
Location: national
Topics: drugs;crime;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Maner said Davis, the son of a member of Congress, was killed in "a drug deal gone bad." Davis was among four black teens in a car who got in a dispute with a middle-aged white man who wanted them to turn down their music. The man shot and killed Davis, was convicted of murder and was sentenced to life without parole. The  is not only  but  — .
Statement: I don't do earmarks. I've never done one. I'm not going to do one.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: March 12, 2009
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: As is the custom, Republicans, as the minority party, got about 40 percent of them. Of the 178 Republican House members, only 39 did not have earmarks in the omnibus, according to TCS. Three Democrats did not accept earmarks. As for Boehner, he can rightfully  he hasn't ever asked for or taken an earmark. We rule his statement .
Statement: The United States accounted for 26 percent of worldwide military spending during the Cold War, but now accounts for 41 percent.
Speaker: barney frank
About the speaker: Barney Frank has been in Congress since 1981, and was formerly the chairman of the House Financial Services Committee. Previously he was a Massachusetts state representative and an assistant to the mayor of Boston. He has also taught at several Boston-area universities.
Date: July 7, 2010
Location: national
Topics: afghanistan;federal budget;iraq;military
Context: MSNBC's Morning Joe
Fact-check justification: U.S. spending as a percentage of worldwide defense spending would certainly change if you were to select different Cold War years, Conetta said, but probably only by a few percentage points (not counting years of armed conflict, like during the Korean War). And yet, there is clearly room for legitimate debate about which types of statistics one chooses to evaluate defense spending and how they should be presented. Frank cited a growing U.S. share of worldwide defense spending without also noting that U.S. defense spending -- as a percentage of GDP -- has actually decreased significantly since the Cold War, or that the growing disparity is largely driven by the fact that many other countries (primarily Russia) decreased their defense spending after the Cold War. Frank accurately (or very nearly so) cites those figures for 1986 and 2006, but they take on a different meaning in the broader context. So we rate Frank's comment .
Statement: At least 10 ISIS fighters have been caught coming across the Mexican border in Texas" and there are "dozens more that did not get caught by the Border Patrol.
Speaker: duncan hunter
About the speaker: Duncan D. Hunter is a member of Congress representing California's 50th District. He has served since 2009 and was preceded in office by his father Duncan Hunter.
Date: October 7, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: terrorism
Context: an interview with Greta Van Susteren of Fox News
Fact-check justification: Hunter said "at least 10 ISIS fighters have been caught coming across the Mexican border in Texas" and there are "dozens more that did not get caught by the Border Patrol." No government agency confirms anything remotely close to the idea that at least 10 ISIS fighters have been caught coming across the Mexican border. Notably, too, the lead Texas agency entrusted with public safety alerted legislators of its own lack of confirmation. Similarly, the idea there are "dozens more that did not get caught by the Border Patrol" is missing a factual basis. All told, this statement strikes us as  and . !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Putin JUST SHUTDOWN All Oil To The US, Collapsing The US Economy!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 26, 2023
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A White House statement about the 2022 ban said that the U.S. was able to take the step because of its strong domestic energy infrastructure. Oil prices have dropped  in recent days, but market experts credit that largely to weak demand and economic jitters over banking. This is the opposite of what would be expected with prices if this  were accurate. It’s not. This  is !
Statement: There's no data that says a gun-free zone has saved lives.
Speaker: michael o'neill
About the speaker: Michael O'Neill, an aviation mechanic from Warwick, is a lobbyist, pro-bono, for the Rhode Island 2nd Amendment Coalition,
Date: April 26, 2016
Location: rhode island
Topics: guns
Context: a legislative hearing
Fact-check justification: And also because "saved lives" are hard to quantify. However, there are many anecdotes, scholarly articles and federal studies with data showing that just the presence of guns can cause anxiety and increase aggressive behavior. Plus, there are the teachers who accidentally shot themselves on school grounds. And yes, there are the cases in which the "good guys" prevail. We rate O’Neill’s :  https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/97a87447-7f5a-4775-979a-98b85f616e16
Statement: News interview proves that the Buffalo, New York supermarket shooting was staged.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 16, 2022
Location: new york
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "I don’t like — it’s not like white people come to the store, and I say, ‘why are you here?’ I don’t do that. It was just a feeling. "  Claims that Lewis was being directed on what to say on camera and that it proves that the shooting was staged are . We rate them .
Statement: The Bush administration prosecuted 190 suspected terrorists in federal courts.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 7, 2010
Location: national
Topics: homeland security;legal issues;military;terrorism
Context: an interview on CBS
Fact-check justification: And so we rate his statement . Update, Feb. 18, 2010: This story was updated, removing an inaccurately paraphrased quote attributed to Karen Greenberg. The Center on Law and Security report is comprised of  Islamic terrorism cases, but includes other groups as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, a group of Marxist guerrillas. The Human Rights First report  focuses specifically on radical Islamic or Jihadist terrorist organizations.