chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: All Democrats in the Senate and House voted to cut $280 billion out of Medicare just two months ago.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: October 30, 2022
Topics: federal budget;medicare
Context: an interview on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Scott said, "All Democrats in the Senate and House voted to cut $280 billion out of Medicare just two months ago." This  is . The federal government would see its outlays reduced between $237 billion and $288 billion as a result of a Medicare drug-price negotiation provision. However, that reduction wouldn’t represent cuts to Medicare beneficiaries. Rather, by leveraging Medicare’s market power, the government would be able to pay less to provide the same medicines. We rate the statement .
Statement: Video shows Ukrainian crisis actors come to life after pretending to be dead.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: March 1, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Death (dead) Ukrainians coming to life after dying on social media but caught on live camera," read one tweet sharing the video. "This entire PR disaster is falling apart very fast." The clip shows a reporter speaking to the camera as dozens of people lie under tarps behind him. One person on the ground suddenly moves, followed by someone else running over to cover them back up.   But the video is not from Ukraine and it does not reflect a news segment covering mass deaths — it’s from a protest held in Austria in early February.
Statement: Says "As Mayor of Wilsonville, I drove TriMet out of town and replaced their bloated transit system with our own local bus line that offers better service and has saved our businesses millions of dollars.
Speaker: john ludlow
About the speaker: Wilsonville businessman John Ludlow is running for Clackamas County Commission Chair.
Date: June 7, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: city budget;city government;transportation
Context: campaign website
Fact-check justification: And in any case, that’s not what he said. He said that as mayor, he drove TriMet out of town. We find there’s some  to Ludlow’s statement: He was mayor when the city officially separated from TriMet and he was mayor when the city sought to find a replacement transit system. But he was not mayor when the city council voted to withdraw from TriMet service, which we find to be the critical moment in the history of Wilsonville and TriMet. We rule Ludlow’s statement .
Statement: Austin mayoral candidate Steve Adler opposed an injunction to stop a "company from dumping petrochemicals directly into the Barton Springs aquifer.
Speaker: brad rockwell
About the speaker: Austin lawyer Brad Rockwell, who focuses on environmental matters, is former deputy director of the Save Our Springs Alliance.
 
Date: November 12, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: environment;city government;corrections and updates
Context: a press conference including mayoral candidate Mike Martinez
Fact-check justification: Rockwell said Adler opposed an injunction to stop a "company from dumping petrochemicals directly into the Barton Springs aquifer." It’s not that simple. Adler, representing Lowe’s in court, opposed a successful push by the City of Sunset Valley and environmental groups to get a temporary injunction to stop Lowe’s from continuing to build a store over the aquifer. In a hearing, an expert for the plaintiffs testified about observing a hydrocarbon sheen being part of runoff flowing from the site onto underground limestone and, significantly, the judge’s order in response said Lowe’s should address any oil spills. So, Adler sought to keep a project going that on the day before the hearing appeared to one engineer to be sending runoff with an oily sheen directly underground. However, there is vital missing context in that the legal fight wasn’t rooted in letting Lowe’s dump -- or stopping Lowe’s from dumping -- petrochemicals. The big issue was whether the site should be built out with up to 40 percent impervious cover or the 15 percent allowed under the SOS ordinance. On balance, we rate this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: There is nothing that we have done on Amazon that we have not done with hundreds of other projects.
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: November 19, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: corporations;taxes
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Gov. Andrew Cuomo said that the incentives offered to Amazon are the same as those offered to "hundreds" of other companies. We looked at the state subsidies, and found that other companies have been offered the types of subsidies offered to Amazon. However, the scale of the subsidies is larger, including a discretionary capital grant, than many prior projects the state has done. The general project plan process, which has been criticized because it does not require approval from City Council, has also been used on hundreds of statewide projects that have been awarded capital construction grants. We rate Cuomo’s statement .
Statement: Says a Republican U.S. House member from Texas, Rob McCaskill, tweeted that he "can't wait for the next 9/11.
Speaker: liberal blogger
About the speaker: Liberal blogger
Date: February 11, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: congress;fake news;terrorism
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: LiberalPlug.com says Rob McCaskill, a Republican U.S. House member from Texas, posted a message on Twitter wishing for another 9/11. There’s no such Texas congressman to wish for anything. !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: While Phil Bredesen was in the governor's office, the number of Tennesseans on unemployment nearly doubled.
Speaker: tennessee republican party
About the speaker: The Tennessee Republican Party represents Republicans in Tennessee.
Date: May 23, 2018
Location: national
Topics: jobs
Context: a Republican party blog post
Fact-check justification: The Tennessee Republican Party challenged Bredesen’s track record on jobs, saying that the number of people on unemployment doubled during his time as governor. Government statistics show that the number of unemployed did rise by that amount. But the statement suffers from two flaws: It ignores the impact of the Great Recession which was beyond the control of Bredesen or any state leader. And it assumes that every unemployed person is getting unemployment benefits, which is not accurate. The numbers leave out important context. We rate the statement .
Statement: Nonpartisan experts have consistently ranked Claire one of the most independent senators — right in the middle.
Speaker: claire mccaskill
About the speaker: Claire McCaskill is a Democrat and a U.S. Senator from Missouri.
Date: October 2, 2018
Location: missouri
Topics: voting record
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: McCaskill said "nonpartisan experts have consistently ranked (her) one of the most independent senators — right in the middle." It’s difficult if not impossible to define independence. Multiple studies show McCaskill voted against her party more so than  mostother Democrats. However, experts cautioned that a moderate or centrist voting record does not necessarily equate to being independent. For those reasons we rate this  .
Statement: 1776 flag flying over White House!" in January 2021. "Revolution Signal.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 4, 2021
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: We also found no  that such a flag is currently flying over the White House.   But in any case, the image that purportedly shows an older flag that Trump raised to rally an uprising is more than a year old.   We rate this blog post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: As a city, we currently use about 4 percent less electricity today than we used in 1989.
Speaker: miro weinberger
About the speaker: Miro Weinberger is the Democratic mayor of Burlington, Vermont, currently in his third term. 
Date: December 7, 2018
Location: vermont
Topics: energy
Context: Speech on carbon pricing.
Fact-check justification: Our data analysis shows that the general trend in Burlington’s total electricity usage has actually been slightly upward, although per capita usage has been going down. Our rating Weinberger’s statement is correct -- the city’s electricity consumption was about 4 percent lower in 2016 than in 1989. But that statistic is not reflective of the general trend in Burlington’s energy usage, which has been on a slight upward trajectory during that time. What the mayor said is technically , but it might give the  impression. We rate this .
Statement: With a late-term abortion, "the mother meets with the doctor. They take care of the baby, they wrap the baby beautifully. And then the doctor and the mother determine whether or not they will execute the baby.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 27, 2019
Location: national
Topics: abortion
Context: Green Bay, Wis
Fact-check justification: Trump said, with a late-term abortion, "the mother meets with the doctor. They take care of the baby, they wrap the baby beautifully. And then the doctor and the mother determine whether or not they will execute the baby." Trump grossly oversimplified of one of the hardest choices parents face. We rate this  .
Statement: Before President Obama acted in Libya in 2011, the American people were opposed to military action by 35 to 60. After he took action, they were in support of it 54 to 43.
Speaker: karl rove
About the speaker: Karl Rove is a former senior adviser and deputy chief of staff to President George W. Bush. He has worked as a commentator and political analyst for Fox News.
Date: September 8, 2013
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military;pundits
Context: a segment of 'Fox News Sunday'
Fact-check justification: Rove said there was a major swing in public opinion from before military action in Libya began to after. In varying degrees, we found polling results that support that conclusion.  In general, once the missiles fly, the public tends to take a more favorable view of military engagement. However, some polls found only a modest shift, and much depended on how the question was asked. Overall, the public remained closely divided on the American role in Libya. We rate the  .
Statement: A Pentagon plan and a CDC poster proves that a "zombie apocalypse" is coming.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 14, 2023
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: In an effort to learn the JOPES process, and to do so in a more interesting way, the students were assigned this completely fictitious scenario and directed to use JOPES to develop a written contingency plan. "  The CDC’s zombie poster is real, but doesn’t announce impending doom. The agency in 2011 said that the poster was intended as an attention-grabber to "get people thinking about emergency preparedness." No zombie apocalypse is coming. We rate this  !
Statement: We've done more tests in eight days than South Korea has done in eight weeks.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 24, 2020
Topics: health check
Context: Fox News town hall
Fact-check justification: In addition, that statistic is relatively less important. The American rate of testing per capita is more than six times lower than South Korea’s. It’s certainly possible to catch up, but that hasn’t happened yet. The president’s statement frames the data in a way that is  and doesn’t accurately represent the status of the American response to COVID-19. We rate it .
Statement: In Massachusetts, Scott Brown pushed for a law to force women considering abortion -- force them -- to look at color photographs of developing fetuses.
Speaker: jeanne shaheen
About the speaker: Jeanne Shaheen is a Senator from New Hampshire.
Date: October 7, 2014
Location: new hampshire
Topics: abortion;legal issues;women
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Shaheen’s ad says that "in Massachusetts, Scott Brown pushed for a law to force women considering abortion -- force them -- to look at color photographs of developing fetuses." The measure backed by Brown nine years ago made sure that women were provided photos of developing fetuses, along with a lot more information. It certainly forced doctors and their representatives to provide this information to women seeking abortions -- except in cases of emergency -- and it ensured women received the information both through verbal questions and a signed consent form. Brown has a point that the bill wouldn't have "forced" them to look at color photographs -- but it did just about everything else it could possibly do up to that line. This statement is accurate but needs clarification, so we rate it .
Statement: Says President Obama's deal "allows Iran to produce a nuclear weapon.
Speaker: carlos beruff
About the speaker: Carlos Beruff is a Bradenton developer running for U.S. Senate. His company, Medallion Homes, operates in Manatee and Sarasota counties. He has never held an elected office, but then-Gov. Charlie Crist in 2009 appointed him to the Sarasota-Bradenton Airport Authority, the Southwest Florida Water Management board and the State College of Florida board. Gov. Rick Scott reappointed him to all three positions and in 2015 picked Beruff to lead his hospital commission. 
 
Date: May 5, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: foreign policy;nuclear
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Beruff said Obama’s deal "allows Iran to produce a nuclear weapon." He makes it sound as if the agreement formally blesses Iran’s pursuit of nuclear weapons. But it doesn’t. The terms of the deal expressly forbid pursuing a militarized nuclear program. There are limits on uranium enrichment and facility uses, and Iran must agree to inspections. It also must abide by terms of international treaties to not seek weapons even after the deal’s guidelines end. To develop nuclear weapons, Iran would have to either break the terms of the agreement or else wait it out and start building one anew once the deal’s provisions have expired (which would be counter to the provisions of treaties that predated this deal). Either way, that doesn’t sound like an agreement that "allows Iran to produce a nuclear weapon." We rate the statement .
Statement: I think we're actually ahead" on legalizing marijuana for recreational use in New York state.
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: April 11, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: marijuana
Context: a conversation with reporters
Fact-check justification: Cuomo said New York state is ahead of other states on legalizing marijuana for recreational use. That’s not . Nine other states have already legalized recreational marijuana. Other states have also taken steps toward legalization that New York state has not. New Jersey’s governor has called on the legislature to legalize the drug, while voters in Michigan are expected to decide on legalization later this year. We rate his  .
Statement: Trump "hasn't been 'indicted.' It's all part of the Operation.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 8, 2023
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: When the FBI searched Trump’s Mar-a-Lago resort in Palm Beach, Florida, on Aug. 8, 2022, it carried away more than 25 boxes of classified materials. That  and photographs of the documents were included in the indictment. Trump is expected to appear June 13 in a Miami federal court. To  that there is no indictment against Trump is  and . We rate that  !
Statement: Getting the COVID-19 vaccine jeopardizes life insurance policies.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 19, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "  "Baseless social media posts  getting vaccinated threatens life insurance benefits because the vaccines are ‘experimental,’" the department said March 17. "That’s not . Experimental drugs haven’t been approved by a government agency. Vaccines made by Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson received emergency authorizations after FDA safety reviews. "  We rate claims that getting a COVID-19 vaccine disqualifies people from life insurance .
Statement: Sen. Joni Ernst's visual aid said liberals wanted to abolish lasagna, among other things.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: April 28, 2021
Location: iowa
Topics: food
Context: posts on social media
Fact-check justification: Our ruling  The image circling on Twitter was edited by a comedian to make a joke. None of Ernst’s talking points included sex blimps, Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, only letting gay people eat at restaurants, or abolishing lasagna.   Like so many things on the internet, this started as satire but has been misinterpreted by some people who believe it’s real. If you’re wondering whether Ernst talked about liberals wanting to ban lasagna, she didn’t. We rate that !
Statement: An Arizona judge was "forced to overturn" an election and ruled "274,000 ballots must be thrown out.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 21, 2023
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post shared on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A May 21 Facebook video’s caption claimed that an Arizona judge was "forced to overturn" an election and ruled "274,000 ballots must be thrown out." The post was  when it was first shared because the case it referred to — Lake’s remaining 2022 election challenge — had not yet been resolved. The post remains  because May 22, the judge dismissed Lake’s case, ruling she had failed to prove her  that Maricopa County violated the law by not verifying signatures on mail ballots. The election has not been overturned and ballots have not been thrown out.  We rate these claims . RELATED: Kari Lake’s lawsuit does not show Arizona failed to verify signatures on mail ballots RELATED: Voting by mail has been popular in Arizona for decades. Now the state GOP wants to ban it
Statement: A lot of student loans are already refinanced by the federal government.
Speaker: dale kooyenga
About the speaker: Dale Kooyenga, born February 12, 1979, was elected as a Republican in the fall of 2010 to represent the 14th District for the Wisconsin State Assembly. He was re-elected in 2012. He lives in Brookfield in suburban Milwaukee. Kooyenga, an accountant, is part of the so-called "CPA Caucus" in the Assembly. He is a U.S. Army veteran of the Iraq War and earned a Bronze Star for his service, his official bio states.
Date: January 20, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: debt;education;federal budget;financial regulation
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Kooyenga said: "A lot of student loans are already refinanced by the federal government." Borrowers can refinance student loans through private banks, though it isn’t necessarily easy and comes with down sides. Democrats have pushed legislation to allow the federal government to offer refinancing, so that student borrowers can get lower interest rates. But that legislation has not been adopted, and the federal government does not do refinancing. Which means Kooyenga’s  is .
Statement: When we moved into the White House, we had the lowest net worth of any family since Harry Truman.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: May 5, 2015
Topics: wealth;punditfact
Context: an interview with NBC News
Fact-check justification: Bill Clinton urged Americans to remember the Clintons’ more modest beginnings with his family’s fattened finances in the limelight, saying, "When we moved into the White House, we had the lowest net worth of any family since Harry Truman." You can decide whether his point is relevant, but Clinton has improved the accuracy of his factoid since making a similar  last year. We could not find  of a president after Truman whose inflation-adjusted net worth was smaller than the Clintons’. We rate his  .
Statement: There are a record high cases of flu in the U.S. this year, and "last year there were none.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 6, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: An Instagram video claims that there were no influenza cases in the world last year, and suggested that’s because they were being counted as COVID-19 cases. But influenza and COVID-19 are caused by two different viruses, requiring two different tests to diagnose. CDC data shows that although last year’s flu season numbers paled compared with previous years, there were about 9 million illnesses, 100,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths in the U.S. alone in the 2021-2022 season. We rate this  .