chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The United states is "borrowing more than 40 cents of every dollar we spend.
Speaker: scott rigell
About the speaker: Scott Rigell, R-2nd, is a member of the U.S. House of Representatives. The Second District includes Virginia Beach, the Eastern Shore and parts of Norfolk and Hampton. Rigell, who joined Congress in 2011, serves on the Armed Services and Budget committees.
Rigell was raised in Titusville, Fla. Rigell, who owns two new car dealerships, served for six years in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve. He has an associates degree from Brevard Community College, now Eastern Florida State College, a bachelor's degree from Georgia's Mercer University, and a master's degree from Regent University, Virginia Beach.
 
Date: February 14, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: deficit;federal budget;social security
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: But when Social Security and Postal Service funds are excluded, as they are from the annual federal budget, the size of the deficit climbs above 40 percent. By one measure, Rigell slightly over-estimates the percentage of our annual spending that is deficit-based. By another, he slightly under-estimates it. Overall, he’s made an accurate . We rate his statement .
Statement: Federal law requires people to speak English to be naturalized as American citizens.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 30, 2020
Location: national
Topics: immigration;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post claims, "Current federal law says you must know English to become a citizen." With some exceptions, this is generally correct. Most foreign nationals must pass an English proficiency test to become U.S. citizens. We rated this Facebook post .
Statement: An audio message lists five ways people can prevent the novel coronavirus.
Speaker: chain message
About the speaker: Anonymous chain messages often circulate on platforms like iMessage, WhatsApp, Snapchat and Facebook Messenger during major news events.
Date: March 23, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook message
Fact-check justification: A chain audio message on Facebook Messenger lists 10 ways to prevent infection from COVID-19. We fact-checked five and found them . First, there is no  that sipping water every 20 minutes can help prevent coronavirus infection. There is also no  that exposing your clothing to the sun will kill the coronavirus. Health officials recommend that people avoid touching their face and wash their hands for at least 20 seconds at a time —  not every 20 minutes, as the message claims. There’s also no  that consuming cold things makes you more susceptible to the virus. Finally, while the science is far from settled, there’s no proof that the coronavirus can live for up to nine days on metallic surfaces. The best available  suggests that it can remain viable on stainless steel for up to three days. We rate the claims . If you receive a chain message that you want us to fact-check, send a screenshot to [email protected] or forward it to us on Facebook.
Statement: We are number one in the world when it comes to energy resources. ... The Russians are second; Saudi Arabia is number three.
Speaker: george allen
About the speaker: George Allen was a U.S. senator from 2001-2007. He was governor of Virginia from 1994-1998.
Date: June 14, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: energy
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Data from the Energy Information Agency show that Russia has the largest volume of the three fossil fuels. But the American lead in coal, which produces very high amounts of energy when burned, means the United States narrowly edges Russia in the CRS report. Our only quibble with Allen is his decision to list Saudi Arabia third, since that ranking relies on undiscovered reserves. But that is a minor point. We rate the statement .
Statement: The president's plan, even after the end of its withdrawal timeline is reached, will leave in place up to 50,000 U.S. troops.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: February 27, 2009
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: a speech on the Senate floor
Fact-check justification: (We prefer not to quote anonymous officials, but feel comfortable doing so here because the statement merely reinforces what Obama said in his speech.) So it was  for McCain to suggest otherwise. McCain may simply have been speaking imprecisely, rather than trying to  a policy victory he has not won. Still, we thought it important to note that on the question of a long-term troop presence in Iraq — one of the most fundamental areas of disagreement about the war among policymakers — Obama has thus far rejected McCain's vision, despite McCain's  to the contrary. We find McCain's  to be .
Statement: Donald Trump says he'd deport 16 million people.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: October 23, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a tweet from her campaign
Fact-check justification: Clinton tweeted, "Donald Trump says he'd deport 16 million people." While Trump has certainly offered his share of hard-line stances on immigration, Clinton’s comment  his position in several ways. First, Trump didn’t use the 16 million figure himself. Second, while Clinton phrases her tweet in the present tense, her case is weaker now than it would have been a year ago, based on what Trump has said and posted on his website in recent months. Finally, counting the last 4.5 million people needed to get within shouting distance of Clinton’s 16 million figure requires an unlikely cascade of events that Trump’s campaign today says he isn’t seeking to set off. We rate the statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/0544b157-373e-4862-9b6b-0dee1187bf16
Statement: This president ... could have gotten crippling sanctions against Iran. He did not.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: February 22, 2012
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;nuclear
Context: Mesa, Ariz
Fact-check justification: Mitt Romney said, "this president ... could have gotten crippling sanctions against Iran. He did not." The reality is that a combination of international and U.S. efforts are now in place that some consider crippling to Iran’s economy. Romney's campaign argues he was specifically referring to a failure to get the United Nations to enact sanctions against Iran’s Central Bank in 2010. But some experts argue he couldn’t have achieved tougher U.N. sanctions, given opposition from Russia and China. Meanwhile, Romney’s campaign argues Obama hasn’t fully supported U.S. sanctions against Iran. It’s  that Obama resisted Congress dictating the administration’s strategy. But that’s not support for the statement that he "could have gotten crippling sanctions against Iran" but "did not." We rate Romney’s statement .
Statement: Report: Biden administration busing 'thousands' of illegals to red states to get permanent status.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 5, 2021
Topics: immigration;elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: New Jersey and Massachusetts are blue, or Democratic-leaning states. That leaves only Tennessee, Indiana and Kentucky as states that are reliably red. And though the report says these migrants could "pursue more permanent legal status later," there is no indication that this is a voting scheme. Only citizens can vote in U.S. elections and the path to becoming a citizen takes years.    We rate the  .
Statement: Says "the mandate is 71 times that a child's body will be injected with a disease" for immunizations.
Speaker: jason conger
About the speaker: Oregon Rep. Jason Conger, R-Bend, represents House District 54.
Date: June 19, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: children;public health
Context: a House floor speech
Fact-check justification: "I certainly wasn’t trying to distort the . But I was  about that." Conger said his larger point remains: Government should be careful when curbing parental rights, he said. "In my view, the debate around SB 132 was about the need for legislative restraint and deference to parents generally in decisions about the welfare of their children." We rate the statement .
Statement: Says the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act gives members of Congress a pay increase.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 20, 2020
Topics: congress;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a text post
Fact-check justification: There is also money for reimbursing the staff of the House Child Care Center, covering the costs of food service contracts and paying the House sergeant-at-arms. Meanwhile, the Senate is slated to get $10 million from the stimulus. $1 million will go to the sergeant-at-arms to remain available for coronavirus response while $9 million will be reserved for "miscellaneous items," including reimbursement for workers at the Senate Employee Child Care Center. The Facebook posts are  and make a  . We rate them !
Statement: Twenty-three million Americans suffer from addiction, but only 1 in 10 get treatment.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: September 1, 2015
Location: national
Topics: drugs;health care;public health
Context: the New Hampshire Union-Leader
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that "23 million Americans suffer from addiction, but only 1 in 10 get treatment." To be fully accurate, the  needs some modest tweaks. The actual ratio is about one of nine, not one in 10, and it’s worth noting that the treatment statistics include only the most intensive methods, leaving out such widely used approaches as Alcoholics Anonymous. Still, experts said Clinton’s  is close to accurate. We rate it .
Statement: In 1972, we had a 179,000 human beings in jail in this country. Today, it's 2.3-million, and 70 percent of them are black, African-American.
Speaker: mike gravel
About the speaker: Mike Gravel is a former senator from Alaska. Gravel served as senator from 1969 until 1981 and ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008.. He is also a former lieutenant in the U.S. Army, serving from 1951 to 1954. Gravel received a bachelor’s degree in economics from Columbia University School of General Studies. In 2019, he announced he is running for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: June 28, 2007
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: a debate at Howard University
Fact-check justification: The real figure, according to the June 2007 report of the Bureau of Justice Statistics that counts federal, state and local jails, is 40 percent. We're giving Gravel our harshest ruling because he botched this fact so badly and because it's such an important one to get right. It's something of a popular myth that most of the people in jail or prison are black, so to hear a presidential candidate make the   with such authority should not be overlooked. It also is worth noting that the 2.3 million figure that Gravel got right comes from the very same Bureau of Justice report that shows how  he was about the incarceration of black people. He should have kept reading.
Statement: Higher education is one of America's strongest export sectors. Over 1 million international students studied at American universities, (in the) 2018-19 school year. They contributed over $40 billion to the economy.
Speaker: chris hayes
About the speaker: Chris Hayes hosts All In on MSNBC. He previously hosted Up with Chris Hayes and served as editor of the left-leaning The Nation.
Date: July 7, 2020
Topics: immigration;economy;education;pundits;trade;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: a TV segment
Fact-check justification: Hayes said, "Higher education is one of America's strongest export sectors. Over 1 million international students studied at American universities, 2018-19 school year. They contributed over $40 billion to the economy." Government agencies, academic experts and nonprofit organizations said Hayes’ statistics are correct. The money the U.S. gets from foreign students studying at its colleges and universities makes education one of the country’s top service exports. We rate this statement .
Statement: More than once, I've actually had a conversation with the protesters on substance.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: March 13, 2016
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;elections
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Cruz said, "More than once, I've actually had a conversation with the protesters on substance." There are numerous examples of Cruz engaging with people with dissenting views. He’s had policy discussions with opposing voters and activists. When it comes to protesters, it’s debatable whether Cruz and the protesters are actually participating in conversations. Nonetheless, Cruz does usually address their issues. And he repeatedly affirms their First Amendment rights to protest. We rate his  .
Statement: Obama's stimulus, passed in his first month in office, will cost more than the entire Iraq War.
Speaker: mark tapscott
About the speaker: Mark Tapscott is the editorial page editor for the Washington Examiner.
Date: August 23, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;iraq;stimulus
Context: "The Washington Examiner"
Fact-check justification: So let’s recap. If it were  that the war and its costs had truly ended today, then Tapscott would be right. But he says that the stimulus will cost more than the "entire" war, and we are persuaded by the experts that with nearly 50,000 troops still in Iraq, it is premature to say the war is over. And when you make reasonable adjustments for inflation, the expected costs of the troops still there and the long-term cost of medical care and re-stocking the military for all the bullets and bombs, it appears likely the war costs will exceed the stimulus. So we find his  .
Statement: We are rounding the turn (on coronavirus). We are rounding the corner.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 22, 2020
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "We are rounding the turn" on coronavirus. "We are rounding the corner." No one can predict the future course of the pandemic, but the notion that we are "rounding the corner" would imply significant and sustained reductions in the spread of the virus. In reality, that hasn’t been happening. Cases have been rising steadily since mid-September, hospitalizations have been rising for almost two weeks, and positivity rates have been rising since the end of September. We rate the statement . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: The American Rescue Plan Act "does not" include "checks and balances" on how funds for state and local governments can be spent.
Speaker: mike bost
About the speaker: Mike Bost is a U.S. representative from Illinois.
Date: March 15, 2021
Location: illinois
Topics: federal budget;state budget;coronavirus
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Bost said the American Rescue Plan "does not" include "checks and balances" on how state and local government funds can be spent. Experts agreed the package is more permissive than previous state and local relief. It allows spending not only on public health but also on the economic impact of the pandemic as well as government services and infrastructure. But it still contains two big restrictions: the money cannot pay down pensions or fill in holes created by tax cuts. State and local governments also have to report how they spend the funds, and if they are found in violation must pay the money back. We rate Bost’s  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton once said "the average Democrat voter is just plain stupid, they're easy to manipulate.
Speaker: david a. clarke jr.
About the speaker: David A. Clarke Jr. served as Milwaukee County sheriff from 2002 to 2017.
Date: December 30, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;history
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Indeed, had the quote been real, it would have caused a storm of news coverage. Clarke did not respond to our emails and phone call. Our rating Clarke says that Hillary Clinton once said "the average Democrat voter is just plain stupid, they’re easy to manipulate." Not only is there no  to confirm the alleged quote, which surfaced on a site dedicated to generating  Clinton quotes, it had been debunked two years earlier. That makes Clarke’s statement  and  -- .
Statement: Edward Snowden: Osama bin Laden is still alive living in the Bahamas.
Speaker: antinews.in
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: May 13, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: an Internet post
Fact-check justification: As far as we can tell, the Moscow Tribune is not even a real media outlet, although there are Twitter and Facebook accounts under that name that do share news stories (the paper in Moscow, Idaho, is called the Daily News ). The version of the post on AntiNews.in also cited a Dec. 31, 2015, post on a site called NaijaPicks.com , which said it worked "to keep you informed on what's going on in Nigeria, Africa and the world over." The post also included real quotes from Snowden reported in The Guardian newspaper in 2013 .    We attempted to reach AntiNews.in through its online contact form, the only available method of reaching the site, but did not receive a response. We rate this statement !
Statement: We have a governor who's vetoed measures like increasing our minimum wage and restoring the earned income tax cut.
Speaker: john wisniewski
About the speaker: John Wisniewski is a Democratic state Assemblyman representing a part of Middlesex County. Wisniewski also is chairman of the state Democratic Party.
Date: February 2, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs;labor;taxes
Context: a campaign rally
Fact-check justification: At a campaign rally for Buono, Wisniewski said: "We have a governor who’s vetoed measures like increasing our minimum wage and restoring the earned income tax cut." Wisniewski is right about those vetoes. Christie conditionally vetoed a bill to raise the state’s minimum wage and issued absolute vetoes on two bills to increase the Earned Income Tax Credit. But the governor has offered alternatives to increase the minimum wage and restore the tax credit to its previous level. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says 93,000 blacks didn't vote in Milwaukee (in 2016)
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 5, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says Trump won Wisconsin by 23,000 votes, while in Milwaukee alone 93,000 blacks didn’t vote. It makes a similar comparison for a series of other states decided by close margins in 2016, including Florida, Michigan and Pennsylvania. Those numbers are in line with what the story reported. But the screenshotted graphic leaves off the statistical detail that the numbers include the surrounding area for each city, and doesn’t specify that these numbers reflect only 2016. We rate this  .
Statement: Virtually no Republican" in Washington accepts climate change science.
Speaker: jerry brown
About the speaker: Jerry Brown is the governor of California. A Democrat, he earlier served as governor of California from 1975 to 1983.
Date: May 18, 2014
Location: national
Topics: environment;candidate biography;climate change
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Brown said that "virtually no Republican" in Washington accepts climate change science. When it comes to on-the-record comments of members of Congress, Brown’s characterization is about right. We found at least eight Republicans in Congress who publicly voiced support for the scientific consensus and many more conservative legislators who deny either a human link to the changing climate, or the fact that the climate is changing altogether. A reason for caution, however, is comments from someone like Yarnold — who suggest GOP members of Congress acknowledge climate change science behind closed doors but avoid the talk in public for political reasons. We rate Brown’s  .