chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: We have doubled the distance our cars will go on a gallon of gas.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 12, 2013
Location: national
Topics: environment;energy
Context: the State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: Obama said the U.S. has "doubled the distance our cars will go on a gallon of gas," which clearly sounds as though cars on the road today are running at twice their earlier fuel efficiency. But he was comparing a real number with a projected one, a standard for vehicles manufactured more than a decade from now. The statement was  and more importantly untrue. We rate it .
Statement: Senator Obama thinks we can achieve energy independence without more drilling and without more nuclear power.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: September 4, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Fact-check justification: He's also said that he hopes developing technology will provide better answers to the problem of nuclear waste storage. "Safe and Secure Nuclear Energy" is also explicitly included on page 4 of Obama's energy plan, although the plan emphasizes the importance of securing nuclear fuel and finding safe places to store nuclear waste. Having concerns about safety, though, doesn't mean you're against nuclear energy. So McCain's statement about Obama is more accurate with respect to offshore drilling, but not accurate on nuclear energy. We give it a .
Statement: Under New York's new abortion law, "If the baby was born alive, they would just let the baby expire.
Speaker: michael long
About the speaker: Mike Long is the chairman of the Conservative Party of New York State.
Date: February 3, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: abortion
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Long, chairman of the state Conservative Party, said that under the new law, babies born alive would be able to be left to "expire." The state law repealed some protections for babies in these circumstances, but that part of the law was redundant, and under federal and state law, infants born alive are due the same medical care and protections as anyone else. In cases where a hospice approach is taken to babies delivered very early in pregnancy or those with lethal malformations, this approach predates the new law, and it is an accepted standard of care. We rate Long’s statement .
Statement: Congresswoman Ros-Lehtinen has long record of voting against VA backlog fixes.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: June 2, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: veterans
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The DCCC said "Congresswoman Ros-Lehtinen has long record of voting against VA backlog fixes." The DCCC points to some votes that went against funding certain veterans’ services or addressing the backlog. However, the DCCC ignores that Ros-Lehtinen took other votes in favor of increasing funding for veterans’ services -- just not as much as Democratic proposals would have offered. The bigger issue is that most of these votes came within elaborate games of tit-for-tat, in which each side offers proposals that they expect will fail, just to get lawmakers on the other side to take votes that look superficially bad. The reality of Ros-Lehtinen’s voting record is much more nuanced than the DCCC’s cherry-picked account would suggest. This, combined with the "A" ratings she's earned from veterans' advocacy groups, undercut the DCCC's  that she has a "long" voting record of voting against the interests of veterans. We rate the  .
Statement: Only one out of five of the so-called 'Syrian refugees' who went into Europe were actually Syrian.
Speaker: mike huckabee
About the speaker: Mike Huckabee ran for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former governor of Arkansas; he also sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. He left hosting a self-titled television show on Fox News in January 2015.
Date: November 10, 2015
Location: national
Topics: immigration;foreign policy
Context: the fourth undercard GOP debate.
Fact-check justification: Huckabee said, "Only one out of five of the so-called ‘Syrian refugees’ who went into Europe were actually Syrian." While the  isn’t pulled out of thin air, it’s flawed. The statistic represents the three months before the actual influx of Syrian refugees, and the four out of five non-Syrians are not purporting to be Syrian. Rather, they came from war-torn countries. Overall, Syrian refugees account for half of all refugees arriving in Europe in 2015 so far. We rate Huckabee’s  .
Statement: Says that during his eight years as Florida governor, "we created 1.3 million net new jobs -- more jobs created than Texas.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: June 2, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: Orlando
Fact-check justification: Bush said that during his eight years in office, "we created 1.3 million net new jobs, more jobs created than Texas." He got his numbers right, but it’s worth noting that no governor is solely, or even , responsible for economic growth in their state -- and if he wants to take credit for the expansion on his watch, then he also needs to shoulder some of the blame for the bust that followed his departure from office. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: What concerns me is there is only two sentences that have been written about minority business.
Speaker: vincent fort
About the speaker: State senator representing District 39, which runs from East Point to Buckhead.
Date: February 5, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: city government;corporations;jobs;small business
Context: a Twitter post
Fact-check justification: Already City Council members are pushing for specific minority business participation goals, and whatever goals are set are likely to be included in the final contract before any construction work has begun. Because the details are not yet complete, it is impossible to make inferences on what the goals would be. Fort’s statement is  partially accurate but needs a lot additional information. We rate his statement . *Arthur Blank is on the board of directors of Cox Enterprises, whose media holdings include The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Statement: ICE is in Uvalde, Texas, "so undocumented parents have to consider arrest deportation before they go check to see if their kids are alive.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: May 24, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;homeland security;guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: A tweet claimed that ICE is in Uvalde, Texas, "so undocumented parents have to consider arrest deportation before they go check to see if their kids are alive." A branch of ICE is on scene to support the investigation as needed. However, ICE officers who carry out immigration enforcement are not on scene to deport people. We rate this  .
Statement: The AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine contains a Bluetooth microchip.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: May 15, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a TikTok post
Fact-check justification: A TikTok video claims the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine contains a Bluetooth microchip. There’s no support for that . The ingredients for the AstraZeneca vaccine do not include Bluetooth technology. Claims that the vaccines contain microchips have been widely debunked.  What’s more, Bluetooth enabled devices can be renamed as users see fit — and there’s no  the man’s body is responsible for the notifications shown in the video. We rate this video .
Statement: A school uniform policy helps with "school safety, helps with truancy.
Speaker: janet adkins
About the speaker: Janet Adkins lives in Fernandina Beach and was elected as a Republican to the state Legislature in 2008.
Date: March 26, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a discussion about school uniforms
Fact-check justification: Adkins said school uniforms improve school safety and truancy. There are some studies that say there are changes for the better and worse for both school violence and attendance statistics once uniforms are adopted, but there’s hardly a consensus. Even if there is improvement, research suggests the positives are slight -- not exactly the  Adkins says overwhelmingly supports the benefits of these policies. Some experts think the actual impact on students is negligible or even negative. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Photo shows Angela Merkel, Theresa May and Dalia Grybauskaitė as teenagers.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 3, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We lastly emailed Stefan Kornelius, who wrote "Angela Merkel: The Chancellor and Her World," an authorized biography about the leader. Did the photo show May and Grybauskaitė?    "Come on," he said. "This is nuts. "  We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: There are 7,000 kids in New Hampshire who have health care because I helped to create the Children's Health Insurance Program.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: January 5, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Manchester, N.H
Fact-check justification: Soon after the legislation passed, the New York Times reported, "Participants in the campaign for the health bill both on and off Capitol Hill said the first lady had played a crucial behind-the-scenes role in lining up White House support." In a previous campaign ad, Clinton claimed credit for SCHIP without any qualifiers, and we found that contention , given the other people who had a hand in passing the legislation. (See that ruling here .) But in this case, she accurately said she helped to create SCHIP (as in she wasn't the only one), and she got the number right on how many children are enrolled in New Hampshire. For these reasons, we rate Clinton's statement .
Statement: Says House candidate Jon Hoadley voted to defund the police
Speaker: fred upton
About the speaker: Fred Upton is a Republican U.S. Representative from Michigan. He is chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee.
Date: September 8, 2020
Location: michigan
Topics: elections
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: A campaign ad from Upton says Hoadley voted to defund the police. In June, Hoadley voted against a resolution discouraging local governments from reducing their police department’s budgets or abolishing their department. He cited the need to continue discussion about criminal justice reform and to give local governments flexibility to make spending decisions. He did not vote to reduce spending on law enforcement. We rate this  .
Statement: You look at today, only half the 30-year-olds are doing better than their parents were at age 30. When I was being raised, it was 90%.
Speaker: steve bullock
About the speaker: Steve Bullock is governor of Montana. Bullock was elected governor in 2012 and was ree-lected in 2016. From 2009 to 2013, Bullock served as attorney general of Montana. He received a bachelor’s degree in politics, philosophy and economics from Claremont McKenna College and a J.D. from Columbia Law School. In 2019, he announced he is running for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: May 19, 2019
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: an interview on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Bullock said, "You look at today, only half the 30-year-olds are doing better than their parents were at age 30. When I was being raised, it was 90%." The people who were 30 when Bullock was age 4 did indeed have a 90% likelihood of out-earning their parents. However, that number dropped by the time he was 18 to 68%. Still, even that smaller percentage was higher than today’s 50% figure. In other words, economic mobility has decreased significantly since Bullock, 53, was a boy. We rate the statement .
Statement: As part of legislative fights over abortion rights, "Mike Coffman co-sponsored a bill to redefine rape.
Speaker: emily's list
About the speaker: EMILY's List is a political advocacy group that raises money to elect Democratic women who support abortion rights.
Date: December 31, 2015
Location: colorado
Topics: abortion;corrections and updates;criminal justice;crime;women
Context: a fundraising email
Fact-check justification: Emily’s List said that Coffman "co-sponsored a bill to redefine rape." The record shows Coffman did co-sponsor the bill to redefine a ban on federal funding for abortions to exempt "forcible rape." Yet he later voted on the floor for an amended version that had removed the "forcible" modifier from the bill. Given the totality of his actions on the legislation, we're rating this  . Correction: This story has been corrected to note that Coffman did not serve on the committee that removed the word "forcible" from the bill.
Statement: Says a warning label on a box of disposable masks shows that they are ineffective at protecting against the spread of COVID-19.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 16, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A photograph of a box of disposable masks shows a warning label that says the masks "will not provide any protections against COVID-19." Such disclaimers don’t mean that the masks are ineffective at slowing the spread of the disease, but that they don’t protect the wearer as well as medical respirators such as the N95 recommended for use by health care professionals. Disposable and homemade cloth masks are recommended for people to wear because it protects others around them in case they have the virus and may not be showing any symptoms.  The users sharing this image are making a  interpretation of the type of protection standard face masks provide. We rate it .
Statement: Haiti official getting ready to testify against Clinton Foundation corruption next week found dead with gunshot to the head.
Speaker: us political news
About the speaker: US Political News posts fake news.
Date: January 17, 2018
Topics: fake news;foreign policy;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Sansaricq criticized the record of the Clintons in Haiti. The Clintons have a long and complicated history with Haiti, but there is no  that Eberwein was "getting ready to ready to testify against Clinton Foundation corruption." He was getting ready to testify about something unrelated: money Haiti received from a Venezuela oil program. Finally, the timeline of the  story makes no sense: Eberwein committed suicide in July 2017 while the January 2018 headline says he was getting ready to testify "next week." We rate this headline .
Statement: After today, @GovJayNixon will have been overridden more times than all previous governors in #MO history #moleg
Speaker: peter kinder
About the speaker: Peter Kinder, a Republican, serves as lieutenant governor of Missouri. He is running for governor in 2016.
 
Date: October 16, 2015
Location: missouri
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Kinder said Nixon has been overridden "more times than all previous governors in Missouri history." Thanks to the growing Republican majority in the legislature and the number of bills Nixon vetoed, that is indeed correct. We rate Kinder's  to be .
Statement: Not one penny of (California's Prop 67) bag ban tax goes to the environment.
Speaker: no on 67
About the speaker: The No on 67 campaign opposes California's Proposition 67, a measure that would ban thin plastic carryout bags at grocery stores statewide and impose a 10 cent fee on paper and other carryout bags. The campaign is led by a plastics industry trade association.
Date: August 15, 2016
Location: california
Topics: environment;taxes
Context: official ballot argument.
Fact-check justification: The No on 67 campaign claims "Not one penny of the bag ban tax goes to the environment." A large portion of this is correct: Nothing requires the bag fee revenue be spent directly on environmental causes, as found by the state’s nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office. But the  ignores the indirect benefit the fee could have on the environment. Supporters make a fair point that the fee will persuade customers to use reusable bags, thus cutting down on river- and creek-choking plastic bags. Finally, the No on 67 statement describes the fee as a "tax," a  and  description. We rate the  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. UPDATE: After this fact check was published, a spokeswoman for the city of San Jose told us that the city's estimate of 89 percent litter reduction was later determined to be miscalculated. The corrected estimate is 62 percent.  https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/bdcb9c8a-1a47-4ed7-8204-61e175e619ec
Statement: Democratic candidate Jeff Greene "ran for Congress as a California Republican.
Speaker: kendrick meek
About the speaker: Kendrick Meek is a former U.S. Representative for Congressional District 17 in Miami, serving from 2003 to 2011. He campaigned for the U.S. Senate and was defeated on Nov. 2, 2010.
Date: July 26, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;elections;message machine 2010
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: In 1992, he re-registered with an address in Malibu with a party affiliation of "Decline to State." If Greene changed his party affiliation shortly after the 1982 run, officials were unable to provide documentation of that. Still, the record on Greene's run for Congress as a Republican is undisputed. It was 1982, which was 28 years ago. We rate Meek's statement .
Statement: (Charter schools in Missouri) are actually failing in a greater capacity than the public school systems.
Speaker: nate walker
About the speaker: Nate Walker, a Republican, is a state representative in Missouri.
Date: March 20, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: education
Context: on MissouriNet.com
Fact-check justification: Rep. Walker said, "(Charter schools in Missouri) are actually failing in a greater capacity than the public school systems." Neither Walker nor the education department gave a definition for a failing charter school. And although charter school districts performance scores are nowhere near the 99 percent of public school districts that are Accredited, current charter schools are performing on par with with the public schools in their city. Walker’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  as .
Statement: For what it would cost the (National) Guard to make just two arrests at the border, we could give a homeless veteran permanent housing for an entire year.
Speaker: ruben gallego
About the speaker: Democrat Ruben Gallego represents Arizona's 7th congressional district.
Date: April 3, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;corrections and updates;homeland security;homeless
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Gallego said that the cost of using the National Guard to arrest two people at the border would cover the expense of providing permanent housing to a homeless veteran for a year. Based on past experience, government reports back up Gallego’s comparison. Using data gathered by the Government Accounting Office, National Guard-assisted apprehensions cost $6,595 on average, or about $13,000 for two. According to a homeless vet advocacy group, the cost of providing a home to a veteran is about $10,000, although the government uses a lower figure of $7,300. It is unclear whether the proposed operation would allow the National Guard to make arrests, and whether that would significantly lower the cost per apprehension. However, that effect would need to be large to overcome the gap based on the historic figures. With the caveat about who makes the arrests, we rate this  .
Statement: Says investigators have found remains of missing women in steel barrels buried on Bill and Hillary Clinton's property.
Speaker: freedomcrossroads.us
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: June 20, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: Internet posts
Fact-check justification: He told us in the past that his aim was to trick conservatives with  news stories that exposed how gullible they were. A Whois lookup showed that FreedomCrossroads.us is registered to Blair , and lists information PolitiFact had previously used to contact him (although the email address has changed since we first checked the site ). The site was registered on Aug. 18, 2016. We have tried to reach Blair to verify he was the site’s owner but didn’t get any response. We rate this  !