chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: You have to have congressional authority" to close Guantanamo Bay prison.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: December 19, 2019
Location: national
Topics: congress;legal issues;crime;terrorism
Context: Los Angeles
Fact-check justification: Asked why the Obama administration didn’t close Guantanamo, Biden said, "You have to have congressional authority to do it." Congress made it hard for Obama to fulfill his promise, blocking Obama from transferring detainees to U.S. prisons. Obama was allowed to transfer detainees to other countries, and did transfer many of them. But he ran out of time at the end of his presidency, keeping the prison open with 41 detainees. Some legal experts said Obama had the legal right to close Guantanamo but lacked the political willpower. Others questioned if he truly had that power. Ultimately the Obama administration didn’t take that tack, so we’ll never know. Certainly what Congress did made the task much harder.  We rate this statement .
Statement: When George Bush became president of the United States, 17 million people were in poverty. When he left, 30 million people were in poverty.
Speaker: marcia fudge
About the speaker: Rep. Marcia Fudge, a Democrat from Warrensville Heights, is the congresswoman from Ohio's 11th district. Prior to her election to the House of Representatives, she was mayor of Warrensville Heights.
 
Date: January 17, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: bush administration;poverty
Context: a panel discussion on poverty
Fact-check justification: The point that Fudge was trying to make - that poverty rose under the presidency of George Bush - is correct. But singling out Bush is  because poverty also has gone up under Obama. And her numbers were . Her substitution of SNAP numbers for poverty data led her to significantly understate the number of people living in poverty. We rule her statement .
Statement: The Buffett Rule "will bring in less than $5 billion per year. ... Enough to pay one week's interest on the national debt.
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: April 16, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: deficit;federal budget;taxes
Context: Politico
Fact-check justification: The debt -- the figure used by Portman -- sets a much higher bar. It is the sum of yearly deficits and is the total amount that the U.S. government owes. The current total debt figure is $15.6 trillion. Portman’s statement on the amount the Buffett Rule would raise and how that compares to interest on the national debt is accurate. On the -O-Meter, his  rates .
Statement: The Bush administration "pulled the troops out of Afghanistan, pulled the resources away, because they wanted to invade Iraq instead.
Speaker: paul krugman
About the speaker: Paul Krugman is a columnist for the New York Times and professor of Economics and International Affairs at Princeton University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2008. He describes himself as liberal.
Date: August 1, 2010
Location: national
Topics: afghanistan;iraq;military;this week - abc news
Context: on "This Week with Christiane Amanpour."
Fact-check justification: He's right on the substantive point that the U.S. was waging war in two countries with limited resources, and Iraq got the bulk of those resources. And experts said that key assets including intelligence operations and Special Forces units were pulled away from Afghanistan for the Iraq invasion. But he's  that troop levels in Afghanistan declined when Iraq was invaded in March 2003. The numbers in Afghanistan were small, and they stayed small until they declined later, in 2007. As a result, we rate his statement .
Statement: Quotes Joe Biden as saying "people who have never died before are now dying from coronavirus.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 21, 2020
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We reviewed Biden’s comments in tele-town halls, campaign ads and media interviews and found no  he said anything close to the statement. We also searched for it in Google and the Nexis database and found no mention of the quote "people are dying who have never died before." According to multiple biographies , author Ernest Hemingway reportedly enjoyed using the phrase, but it isn’t clear whether he was the one who coined it. Either way, Trump didn’t say it and neither did Biden. !
Statement: Says Georgia ranks "near the bottom in per capita transportation spending.
Speaker: stacey abrams
About the speaker: Stacey Abrams, a Democrat and national voting rights activist, is running for Georgia governor in 2022. She lost the Georgia governor's race in 2018. She is a former House Minority Leader for the Georgia General Assembly and State Representative for the 84th House District.
Date: August 1, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: state budget;transportation
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Northeastern states dominated the top of the rankings and had more sources of transportation funding. We did not see any other reports on public transportation spending by state. The charts we reviewed and our own research all showed the same thing: Georgia was among the five lowest states in terms of per capita spending on highways. The most recent NCSL report on public transportation showed a similar conclusion. Therefore, we rate the statement by Abrams as .
Statement: Nobody is leaving Memphis. That's a myth.
Speaker: joe brown
About the speaker: Joe Brown is the founder, president, and CEO of Empire Incorporated, a chemical supply and janitorial service company. He was first elected to the Memphis City Council in 1998.
Date: April 18, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: census;population;taxes
Context: a City Council presentation on the Memphis budget
Fact-check justification: Brown defends his desire to raise taxes and increase spending in Memphis by saying it's "a myth" that residents are leaving Memphis. But he need only look at the mayor's budget document, which says the city has suffered "years of population decline." And numbers from the Census Bureau show a more detailed story of the steady out-migration. It has been masked by annexations and yearly births outnumbering deaths, but it's a very real trend. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Benito Mussolini "initiated a campaign to 'drenare la palude' ('drain the swamp') by firing more than 35,000 civil servants.
Speaker: madeleine albright
About the speaker: Madeleine K. Albright served as secretary of state under President Bill Clinton. Currently, she chairs Albright Stonebridge Group and Albright Capital Management LLC. She is the author of several books, including Fascism: A Warning.
Date: April 10, 2018
Topics: history;punditfact
Context: her book, "Fascism: A Warning"
Fact-check justification: Albright said Mussolini "initiated a campaign to 'drenare la palude' ('drain the swamp') by firing more than 35,000 civil servants." She’s on target about Mussolini’s bureaucracy-busting efforts, as well as the importance of draining swamps — both literal and figurative — within his fascist philosophy. However, experts said Mussolini did not use the Italian version of Trump’s "drain the swamp" term, weakening Albright's rhetorical connection between the leaders. We rate the statement .
Statement: Vaccines send the immune system into "perpetual overdrive" by instructing cells to keep "making the protein of an invader, nonstop, forever and ever.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 8, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims the mRNA vaccines send the immune system into "perpetual overdrive" and tricks it into making an invader’s protein forever. The COVID-19 vaccines that use mRNA technology do not instruct the body to make the virus’ spike proteins forever. The instructions are given at the time of vaccination and are broken down within days. We rate this .
Statement: In New York, your chances of getting murdered are 1 in 25,000. In Honduras, it's 1 in 14.
Speaker: cokie roberts
About the speaker: Cokie Roberts is a political journalist and commentator for ABC News. She also is a contributor to National Public Radio's Morning Edition. She previously was co-anchor of ABC's Sunday morning show This Week with Sam Donaldson & Cokie Roberts and also worked for PBS.
Date: July 13, 2014
Topics: immigration;criminal justice;crime;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: But Rattner acknowledged that his figures were  and posted a correction on Twitter after the show. Roberts doesn’t have a Twitter account, and so she repeated Rattner’s  figures a few days later on ABC’s This Week. That’s how the bad statistic got spread, but Roberts and Rattner do have a point. The chances of getting murdered in Honduras are greater than they are in New York or the United States -- just not to the degree that they said. We rate the  .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama's health care law is "expected to destroy 2.3 million jobs.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: February 4, 2014
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In his tweet, Boehner said that Obama’s health care law is "expected to destroy 2.3 million jobs." Boehner’s use of the word "destroy" mischaracterizes what is going on, since the reduction will come from voluntary actions by workers, rather than layoffs by employers. The law would not push up unemployment. In fact, some people at the low end of the wage ladder would find it easier to find work as a result of the predicted shifts in the workforce. In addition, it’s  to refer to 2.3 million "jobs," since CBO combined all incremental losses of hours worked into full-time-job equivalents. Under this scenario, we would expect many more than 2.3 million people to be affected, but many of them would cut their hours a few at a time, rather than quitting their jobs entirely. It can be easy to miss the distinction between jobs and workers -- and the CBO report is not all rosy for the nation’s economic future. But Boehner’s statement remains flawed. We rate the  .
Statement: Not only is there no scientific evidence that CO2 is a pollutant, higher CO2 concentrations actually help ecosystems support more plant and animal life.
Speaker: plantsneedco2.org
About the speaker: PlantsNeedCO2.org advocates that more carbon dioxide, the gas largely responsible for climate change, is good for the environment.
Date: October 5, 2009
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;energy
Context: the Washington Post
Fact-check justification: They are  that carbon dioxide is not considered a pollutant. According to the EPA, it is. And the  that "higher CO 2 concentrations actually help ecosystems support more plant and animal life" leaves out some important details. While carbon dioxide is good for plants, increased amounts of it in our atmosphere will have auxiliary effects that are decidedly bad for ecosystems. For PlantsNeedCO2.org, it's .
Statement: Says a Congressional Budget Office report found low-income seniors in Florida will face "800 percent premium increases" under the American Health Care Act.
Speaker: chris king
About the speaker: Chris King is the founder and CEO of Elevation Financial Group, which creates affordable housing for seniors and families in the Southeast United States. He lost the Florida Democratic primary for governor in 2018.
Date: May 25, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: King said a Congressional Budget Office report shows that low-income seniors in Florida will face "800 percent premium increases" under the American Health Care Act. King was referring to a report that analyzed premium costs for seniors who are 64 and therefore not yet on Medicare. The report showed that average premiums for a 64-year-old earning $26,500 will rise dramatically if the bill becomes law — between 700 and 847 percent depending on a state’s choices. That puts low-income, older Americans in a disproportionately affected position compared to other age and income groups. But the King said seniors, which certainly would include people 65 and older. Most of those people are covered by Medicare. The CBO report does not apply to them. King’s statement is partially accurate but missing needed context, we rate this  .
Statement: North Carolina during this pandemic had among the lowest COVID-related deaths, as well as job losses per capita.
Speaker: roy cooper
About the speaker: Roy Cooper, a Democrat, is the governor of North Carolina. Previously he was the attorney general, a state senator and a state representative.
Date: August 4, 2021
Location: north carolina
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Cooper said "North Carolina during this pandemic had among the lowest COVID-related deaths, as well as job losses per capita." North Carolina was 12th from the bottom among states in the coronavirus death rate, and an analysis by the University of New Hampshire shows that North Carolina’s job losses during the pandemic were the 10th lowest among the states. These are not the absolute lowest rates nationally, but both measures can reasonably be described as being relatively low. We rate Cooper’s  .
Statement: The General Assembly gave Gov. Ralph Northam "a $1 billion blank check.
Speaker: david suetterlein
About the speaker: David Suetterlein, R-Roanoke County, was elected to the Virginia Senate in 2015.  Before that he worked in a number of GOP campaigns in Southwest Virinia, was chairman of the Roanoke County Republican Party and was a legislative aid for for two state senators. Suetterlein is a graduate of Grove City College in Pennsylavania and is a real estate agent. 
Date: August 9, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: state budget;stimulus
Context: a floor speech
Fact-check justification: He must give the chairpersons of the House and Senate budget committees five days advance notice. The governor’s special power lasts only until January, when the General Assembly starts a two-month session. Suetterlein’s  of a blank check is exaggerated. Northam has wide discretion in spending the money only in very specific circumstances. We rate Suetterlein’s statement .
Statement: Says that according to one economist, $1 of unemployment benefits boosts the economy by $1.61.
Speaker: lloyd doggett
About the speaker: Rep. Lloyd Doggett was initially elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994.
Date: December 8, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an opinion article at HuffingtonPost.com
Fact-check justification: Doggett cites an economist’s projection that the country gets a 61 percent return on each additional dollar in unemployment aid. But his "fact" overlooks another fact: Economists are divided over whether unemployment aid increases GDP.  Also, Doggett’s statement specifies a figure from mid-2010 that’s been out of date for about a year. A failure to update it is like failing to update the national employment rates. The only certain fact here is that an economist did once estimate $1.61. Our sense is you can’t take Doggett’s statement to the bank. We rate it .
Statement: Insured Floridians pay about $2,000 for every hospital stay to cover the cost of the uninsured.
Speaker: florida chamber of commerce
About the speaker: The Florida Chamber of Commerce is a business group that is supporting a series of proposed education reforms that would tie teacher pay increases to student performance.
Date: January 13, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: health care;medicaid
Context: a report on health care costs
Fact-check justification: The Florida Chamber of Commerce said, "Insured Floridians pay about $2,000 for every hospital stay to cover the cost of the uninsured." That number is based on an estimate the chamber developed in-house, calculating an average based on an unspecified "urban hospital" using the most recent data. There’s no way to tell just how accurate that estimate is, since it makes plenty of assumptions on actual costs. It also doesn’t take into account how much the Affordable Care Act will change the data, since the requirement for the uninsured to have policies didn’t kick in until 2014. Experts we talked to said there are problems with the chamber’s number, but it’s a somewhat reasonable illustration to a real problem in Florida: People who are insured end up paying for those who aren’t. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Says no one from the Bush family attended the 2012 Republican National Convention and "there was no President Bush" at the 2008 convention.
Speaker: reince priebus
About the speaker: Reince Priebus was the first chief of staff to President Donald Trump, replaced by John Kelly in July 2017. Priebus was previously chairman of the Republican National Committee, a post he assumed in 2011. He is also the former chairman of the Republican Party of Wisconsin. He was an unsuccessful Wisconsin state Senate candidate in 2004. He is a Kenosha, Wis., native and lawyer.
Date: July 17, 2016
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Priebus said it’s not a big deal a Bush isn’t attending the 2016 convention, because a Bush didn’t speak in 2012 and "there was no President Bush" at the 2008 convention. He’s . Jeb Bush addressed delegates at the 2012 Republican National Convention in Tampa. In 2008, George W. Bush addressed delegates via a live video feed, but former President George H.W. Bush and former first ladies Laura and Barbara Bush all attended. A Bush has spoken at every RNC since at least 1980, we found. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/1cef2f85-9353-4065-99c0-3b9d7c05f74d
Statement: Scott Fisher "tried to expand Obamacare in Texas and even voted for an official resolution to force 1 million Texans into Obamacare.
Speaker: jonathan stickland
About the speaker: Stickland, an oil and gas consultant who represents House District 92 in the 2013 Texas Legislature, describes his philosophy as constitutional conservatism, stitching together a belief in small government, free markets, social conservatism on issues such as abortion and a streak of civil libertarianism on issues such as privacy.
Date: February 10, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;federal budget;health care;public health
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Stickland says Fisher "tried to expand Obamacare in Texas and even voted for an official resolution to force 1 million Texans into Obamacare." At best, this  misinterprets Fisher’s motion for the hospital district board to approve a resolution asking lawmakers to fund indigent health care. The adopted proposal urges consideration of all possible sustainable options. However, it doesn't call for forcing Texans into Obamacare. We find this   and . !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The stock market does better when you have a Democratic president in the White House.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: July 28, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;financial regulation;history
Context: Nashua, N.H
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that "the stock market does better when you have a Democratic president in the White House." The numbers back her up, but it’s worth noting that luck, timing and several other factors in the broader economy also play a role in determining stock market performance. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: Early morning election results from Michigan and Wisconsin show voter fraud.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 4, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks;michigan
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We’ve separately checked claims that Biden received a suspicious surge of votes in these states: One post falsely said Wisconsin found 112,000 votes at 3 a.m. and a tweet got it  when it alleged that Biden had received a sudden influx of 138,339 votes in Michigan while Trump received none.   These FiveThirtyEight graphs are also being misleadingly cast as  that Biden is benefiting from an illegal ballot boon.   We rate that suggestion . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: On our current trajectory, we'll be 2,000 prison beds short by 2021... We'll need two new prisons soon, at the cost of $485 million over the next five years.
Speaker: cody smith
About the speaker: Cody Smith is a Republican state representative in Missouri.
Date: February 21, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: criminal justice;state budget
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Smith said, "On our current trajectory, we’ll be 2,000 prison beds short by 2021...We’ll need two new prisons soon, at the cost of $485 million over the next five years." Smith based his statement on data from 2017. Initiatives to reduce the prison population in the state have lowered the population in the last two years. Smith’s  needs more context. More importantly, it ignores previous changes in the law that reduced the overpopulation issue. While more progress can certainly be made to eliminate recidivism, Missouri’s situation is no longer so dire as Smith’s  would make it appear. We rate this  .