chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The national debt is now bigger than our economy. That hasn't happened since World War Two – and we're in peacetime. Joe Biden is digging a hole America can never fill.
Speaker: nikki haley
About the speaker: Nikki Haley announced on Feb. 14, 2023 that she is running for president in the Republican primary. Haley was the governor of South Carolina 2011-2017 and then served as President Donald Trump's ambassador to the UN in 2017 and 2018.
Date: June 28, 2021
Topics: debt;deficit;federal budget
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Haley said, "The national debt is now bigger than our economy. That hasn’t happened since World War Two — and we’re in peacetime. Joe Biden is digging a hole America can never fill." In 2020, at the end of the Trump administration, the publicly held debt did exceed 100% of GDP for the first time since World War II. It’s down since then. A broader measure, the gross federal debt, which includes funds lent from one part of the government to another, has been above 100% of GDP since 2012, well before Biden became president. Changes in federal debt levels are largely driven by mandatory spending beyond the direct control of any president, and much of the rest has been initiated by lawmakers and presidents from both parties. The debt-to-GDP ratio surged in 2020 because of the federal response to the pandemic and the economic contraction. We rate the statement .
Statement: United Kingdom "government reports suggest the fully vaccinated are rapidly developing Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 30, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The AP found that the vaccine doesn’t destroy T cells or weaken the immune system. On the contrary, it generates a strong T cell response and boosts immunity, according to experts. Health Feedback also found no  to back the  that COVID-19 vaccines weaken the immune system.   A  that U.K. "government reports suggest the fully vaccinated are rapidly developing Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome" has no factual basis. We rate it .
Statement: Says he faced "a record budget deficit" in Virginia in 2014.
Speaker: terry mcauliffe
About the speaker: Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat, was elected governor of Virginia on Nov. 5, 2013. He received 47.8 percent of the vote in defeating Republican Ken Cuccinelli, who came in at 45.2 percent. Robert Sarvis, a Libertarian, finished a distant third with 6.5 percent.
McAuliffe's inaguration as Virginia's 72nd governor is scheduled on Jan. 11, 2014.
McAuliffe, a wealthy businessman and noted political fundraiser, was co-chairman of President Bill Clinton's 1996 reelection campaign. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2005 and chairman of Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, McAuliffe unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Virginia governor.
McAuliffe was born in Syracuse, N.Y., on Feb. 9, 1957. He has a bachelor's degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. McAuliffe has lived in Fairfax County for more than 20 years, is married and has five children.
 
Date: December 10, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: state budget
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: McAuliffe said the $2.4 billion budget shortfall he and lawmakers resolved last year was "a record deficit" for Virginia. When we questioned about the assertion, a spokesman said the governor misspoke. Indeed, the reddest ink in Virginia was seen in 2010, when the state, in the teeth of recession, faced a $4.5 billion shortfall for the coming two-year budget. We don’t suggest the crisis McAuliffe faced was peanuts or question the explanation that he made a simple "slip of the tongue." But words matter, and we rate McAuliffe’s statement .
Statement: A letter to President Donald Trump from 22 senators "is a way of saying to the president, 'You are now under an affirmative requirement, legal requirement, to investigate' " journalist Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance and suspected murder.
Speaker: andrea mitchell
About the speaker: Andrea Mitchell is a journalist for NBC and MSNBC.
Date: October 14, 2018
Topics: congress;punditfact
Context: a panel discussion
Fact-check justification: Mitchell said a letter to Trump from 22 senators "is a way of saying to the president, ‘You are now under an affirmative requirement, legal requirement, to investigate’ " Khashoggi’s suspected murder. Mitchell is correct that the Global Magnitsky Act contains a provision that allows certain members of congress to ask the president to carry out investigations of suspected human rights violations. Experts agreed the letter sent to the White House by 22 senators was a clear signal of congressional intent to oblige Trump to look into the circumstances surrounding Khashoggi’s disappearance. That said, Obama said upon signing the law in 2016 that he believes the provision violates the separation of powers — and at least some legal experts agree. We rate this .
Statement: Every one of the 67 supervisors of elections" in Florida refused to carry out the effort to remove noncitizens from the voter rolls.
Speaker: moveon.org
About the speaker: MoveOn.org is a left-leaning political advocacy group. It endorsed Sen. Barack Obama for the Democratic nomination.
Date: June 27, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: elections;message machine 2012
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: MoveOn.org wrote that "Rick Scott's racist voter purge—which directly targets Latino voters—is so egregious that every one of the 67 supervisors of elections in the state—Democrats, Republicans, and independents—has so far refused to carry it out." Actually, many supervisors began to carry out the state directive to verify the citizenship of some voters, starting in April and continuing for several weeks. We only found one county -- Palm Beach -- that never contacted voters on the list at all. (We contacted about eight counties and the statewide association.) Ultimately, the Justice Department and supervisors themselves raised concerns about the list. It was at this point that many supervisors halted the purge. We also found at least two counties that did, in fact, carry out Scott's plan. So we rate the statement .
Statement: Insurance companies and Washington bureaucrats "are working together to swipe $500 billion from Medicare to pay for Pelosi and Schumer's out-of-control spending spree.
Speaker: 60 plus association
About the speaker: The 60 Plus Association is a conservative advocacy group for senior citizens, with a "free enterprise, less government, less taxes" approach. 
Date: September 20, 2021
Topics: health care;medicare;health check
Context: a commercial shown on television and online
Fact-check justification: The 60 Plus Association ran an advertisement that claimed Medicare drug price negotiations were "swiping" $500 billion from Medicare and going to be used as a way to "cut benefits and no longer pay for lifesaving medicines." While the number $500 billion has factual basis, the rest of this  is . If Congress approves Democrats’ plan to let Medicare negotiate drug prices, the government would be paying less to pharmaceutical companies for the same drugs. And most of the savings would be funneled directly back to Medicare to provide vision, dental and hearing benefits to seniors.  So the money would come out of drug companies’ revenues, not out of Medicare.  The reduced revenue for pharmaceutical companies could affect what drugs become available, but experts said the effect on Medicare recipients would likely be very small. We rate this  .
Statement: President Joe Biden was "shot" in a "behind-the-scenes execution.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 20, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Biden made a surprise visit to Kyiv on Feb. 20, but he didn’t perish there. Rather, he traveled on to Poland, where he gave a speech in Warsaw on the anniversary of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Both trips were widely filmed and photographed.   A video in the Facebook post features discussions about QAnon conspiracy theories but offers no  to support the  that Biden was shot in the behind-the-scenes execution.   We rate this post !
Statement: Holly Turner... still takes her homestead (property tax) exemption in Fort Worth.
Speaker: paul workman
About the speaker: Paul Workman is the founder of Workman Commercial Construction and director of development for T. Stacy & Associates. He was initially elected to the Texas House in 2010.
Date: February 18, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: legal issues;taxes
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: Workman could safely say his opponent enjoyed the tax benefits of her household's Tarrant County homestead exemption. He overreaches by saying Turner personally takes the exemption. We rate Workman's statement as . Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: One in 10 babies born in this country is born in Texas.
Speaker: joyce mauk
About the speaker: Joyce Elizabeth Mauk of Fort Worth, president of the Texas Pediatric Society, is a board-certified physician in pediatrics and neurodevelopmental pediatrics. 
Date: October 3, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: children;population;states
Context: an Austin American-Statesman news story
Fact-check justification: Mauk said 1 in 10 U.S.-born babies is born in Texas. According to government tallies, that’s been so since 2008. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says President Franklin Delano Roosevelt sent his advisers to study socialism with Soviet dictator Josef Stalin so the president could replicate it in the United States.
Speaker: paul broun
About the speaker: U.S. House Rep. Paul Broun, a Republican, is from Athens. He represents Georgia's 10th congressional district.
Date: April 12, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: history
Context: a speech before Congress
Fact-check justification: Roosevelt did not send them, much less assign them to learn about socialism.    At the very least, the  is . Two experts we consulted said it made no sense. Broun needs to brush up on his history before he gives his next lecture. .
Statement: Indiana expanded Medicaid when Mike Pence was governor
Speaker: mandy cohen
About the speaker: Mandy Cohen, secretary of the N.C. Department of Health and Human Services, was appointed by Democratic Gov. Roy Cooper.
Date: June 26, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: health care;medicaid
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Neighboring states did see larger gains than Indiana itself. But Indiana overperformed compared with other, more distant states, making this unclear." Cohen said Indiana expanded Medicaid while Pence was governor. Though Indiana doesn’t refer to its program as Medicaid expansion, the state did expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act while implementing controversial conditions. We rate this statement . '
Statement: Says Haitian President Jovenel Moïse was going to "expose Clinton Foundation fraud" before he was assassinated.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 7, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: As First Draft reported on July 8, Moïse’s assassination "reawakened a pervasive conspiracy theory about former President Bill Clinton and former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton." The Clintons have ties to Haiti both through government and international organizations, and the assassination has "fueled the latest chapter in the sprawling conspiracy theory that suggests that the Clintons have orchestrated the killings of dozens of people," First Draft said. This so-called "Clinton body count" conspiracy theory is so widespread that Washington State University Vancouver researcher Mike Caulfield says it’s an example of "trope-field fit," according to First Draft. "The phenomenon is a process by which a narrative convention — in this case, the conspiracy theory that the Clintons murder their associates and rivals —  is matched with news events that serve as entries in a ‘field’ — here the death of anybody who knew Bill or Hillary Clinton." But there’s no  Moïse was killed by the Clintons, and claims that the Haitian president was about to expose them before he was assassinated are !
Statement: Says Marco Rubio said "we should be considering internment" of Muslims, and "maybe we should close down cafes and diners where Muslims gather and in fact compared them to the Nazi party.
Speaker: debbie wasserman schultz
About the speaker: Debbie Wasserman Schultz became the chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee in 2011 and resigned in July 2016. The Florida Democrat was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004 after serving in the state senate. She represents Congressional District 23 in Broward and Miami-Dade counties.
Date: December 9, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: homeland security;race and ethnicity;religion;terrorism
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: According to Wasserman Schultz, Rubio has said "we should be considering internment" of Muslims, and "maybe we should close down cafes and diners where Muslims gather and in fact compared them to the Nazi party." Rubio has not called for internment of Muslims. This is flatly . Her paraphrases about Rubio wanting to close Muslim cafes and diners and comparing Muslims to Nazis are at least missing context. But to suggest he wants internment of Muslims — to take away their freedom and rights in the United States and separate them from the rest of society — is a grave accusation that leaves listeners with a grossly  impression of Rubio’s statements. We rate her  .
Statement: Says Barack Obama broke a decades-old policy of "not negotiating with terrorists.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: June 1, 2014
Location: national
Topics: iraq;foreign policy;terrorism
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Cruz said Obama changed "decades" of policy of not negotiating with terrorists when he brokered the deal that brought Bergdahl home. Even though presidents and officials often say "we do not negotiate with terrorists," it has not proven to be a hard-and-fast rule. Obama’s actions so far do not signal a change in policy, but rather the latest in a long line of exceptions presidents have made throughout recent history. We rate Cruz’s statement .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney and Bain Capital are to blame in a woman's premature death when they closed the plant where her husband worked.
Speaker: priorities usa action
About the speaker: Priorities USA Action is a PAC that is supportive of President Barack Obama.
Date: August 7, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;message machine 2012
Context: campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The ad from Priorities USA Action offers one man’s story to suggest the investment practices of Romney and Bain Capital led to the early death of his wife. We believe Romney bears responsibility for the general practices of Bain Capital and the record is clear that in Kansas City, Bain profited while many people suffered. But there is little to support the ad's innuendo that Bain is responsible for the early death of the steel worker’s wife. The cancer came several years after he lost his job and her lack of coverage was not due solely to her husband losing his health insurance. We don’t know if the steel mill would have survived given overseas competition. It’s possible that Bain might have extended the life of the firm. And even the makers of the ad agree that it would be  to say Romney is responsible for the woman’s early death.  The ad uses innuendo for a serious allegation, but there's no proof directly linking the death to Bain. We rate the  .
Statement: The Red Cross sells your donated blood to hospitals for $150 and then that hospital charges you thousands for a blood transfusion.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 18, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that "the Red Cross sells your donated blood to hospitals for $150 and then that hospital charges you thousands for a blood transfusion." The Red Cross did not confirm to PolitiFact whether it charges hospitals $150 for blood it has collected from donors. The nonprofit charges hospitals for the blood so that it can cover the collection costs. In 2019, hospitals paid blood collection centers about $215 per unit of red blood cells. What hospitals charge patients for transfusions varies, but that figure can be in the thousands of dollars. What patients end up paying out of pocket can vary, depending on their health insurance plans and insurance status. The post isn’t that far off in terms of dollar amounts, but needs clarification and context. We rate the post .
Statement: Chris Koster "opposed protecting the women of Missouri" because he "was one of only four senators to vote against" a bill ending the practice of making rape victims pay for their own rape kits.
Speaker: eric greitens
About the speaker: Eric Greitens, a combat veteran who served in Afghanistan and Iraq, founded The Mission Continues, a Missouri-based non-profit that helps returning veterans. He won his race for Missouri governor as a Republican in 2016. He resigned on May 29, 2018 after he was charged with felony computer tampering and faced allegations related to an extramarital affair.
Date: September 30, 2016
Location: missouri
Topics: crime;women
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Greitens says Koster voted against a 2007 bill requiring the state to pay for rape victims’ medical exams. In reality, the bill did more than that. Koster says he objected to wording that made it possible for convicted murderers to be granted parole by claiming they were victims of domestic abuse. Koster said the language made it possible for murderers to manufacture  to be released before the completion of their sentence. Greitens is cherry-picking one part of the legislation to paint his opponent as soft on domestic abuse. We rate his  .
Statement: Iceland declares all religions are mental disorders.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 20, 2022
Topics: religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "As many of you know, The Onion publishes satirical stories poking fun at everyday problems everyday people face as well as pointing out the hypocrisy of the rich and powerful. Think of Laughing in Disbelief as The Onion on drugs. Like meth. Or bath salts. "  We rate claims that Iceland really declared religions as mental disorders .
Statement: It is senior citizens, not Hispanics, who are the fastest-growing demographic in this country.
Speaker: brit hume
About the speaker: Brit Hume is a Fox News political analyst.
Date: November 10, 2014
Topics: immigration;elections;population;punditfact
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Hume said seniors, not Hispanics, are the fastest-growing demographic. The Census Bureau numbers tell us that’s not accurate right now. Historically, the Hispanic population has grown faster than the senior population. The Hispanic group will continue to grow faster until about 2020, according to Census Bureau projections. In the decade after that, the senior group is projected to grow at a faster rate, but then after 2030, the growth rate for Hispanics is higher once again. Hume’s electoral analysis (based on seniors showing up to vote) was more on target than the trend he cited as , but we only deal with his factual statement, which aligns with Census numbers in one decade out of five. We rate the  .
Statement: Georgia has some of the highest gas taxes in the Southeast but one of the lowest taxes on gasoline for transportation in the nation.
Speaker: edward lindsey
About the speaker: Ed Lindsey, a Republican, was a candidate for the U.S. House 11th District seat in Georgia.
Date: November 10, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: gas prices;taxes
Context: an Atlanta Journal-Constitution story
Fact-check justification: Other data show that, factoring in local taxes, Georgians still pay the third-most in the region when it comes to filling up at the pump. Lindsey errs in thinking a third-place ranking means the state is on par with the top two, which are among the highest in the nation. He undercuts his larger point about local gas taxes by ignoring Georgia falling a distant third in the region on what motorists pay for gasoline. But looking at rankings alone, Georgians do pay among the highest at the pump for the region but the lowest in the nation. We rate his statement .
Statement: The opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympics predicted the COVID-19 pandemic.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 25, 2021
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post on Facebook claims "the giant black figure and all of the hospital beds" featured in the opening ceremony at the London Olympics in 2012 now makes "a lot more sense," implying that the ceremony predicted the pandemic.  There is no  that the opening ceremony from the London games predicted the COVID-19 crisis. The opening ceremony featured a tribute to the NHS and to British children’s literature, which included images of doctors and nurses standing beside hospital beds as Voldemort loomed overhead. We rate this  !
Statement: A proposed constitutional amendment "will pave the way for making abortion illegal under North Carolina's constitution.
Speaker: bluenc
About the speaker: BlueNC is a website that promotes progressive politics. James Protzman, a former candidate for governor.
Date: August 14, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: abortion;elections
Context: a blog
Fact-check justification: BlueNC said the proposed victims’ rights constitutional amendment will "pave the way for making abortion illegal." Attorneys and legal experts say the path to such fallout not only is unclear, but unlikely. One expert described the  as "." And Protzman failed to offer  that an amendment which is completely unrelated to reproductive rights could outlaw abortion. We rate this  .