chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The second presidential impeachment of Donald Trump was "the most bipartisan impeachment in American history.
Speaker: jake tapper
About the speaker: Jake Tapper is host of CNN's The Lead.
Date: January 13, 2021
Topics: congress;impeachment;punditfact
Context: a CNN broadcast
Fact-check justification: Tapper said the second impeachment of Donald Trump was "the most bipartisan impeachment in American history." Trump’s second impeachment attracted more Republican support — 10 GOP floor votes in favor — than the impeachments of Andrew Johnson or Bill Clinton, or Trump’s first impeachment. We rate the statement .
Statement: Sometime in the next decade, there will be more Latinos in the state of Texas than there are Anglos. That will happen sometime in the next five to eight to ten years.
Speaker: john king
About the speaker: John King is an anchor for CNN.
Date: July 13, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;census
Context: a question to San Antonio Mayor Julian Castro
Fact-check justification: "If the borders closed to international migration, that would slow it considerably. If Texas’ economy slumped, that would slow the trend. When looking into the projections crystal ball, keeping these limitations of uncertainty in mind is healthy." Still, King's prediction -- a majority Hispanic population within 5 to 10 years -- has enough wiggle room to fit all the data center's migration forecasts, except the no-migration scenario. We rate King’s statement .
Statement: Footage of the Bidens celebrating Easter at the White House is fake.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 18, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It appears in a 2013 Smithsonian Magazine story about the seal and is described as "the modern seal of the President of the United States." It’s also in a White House Historical Association’s post about the history of the presidential seal. And you’ll even find it on a Britannica page for kids about the U.S. presidential seal. The seal is real, and so was the egg hunt.   We rate this  post !
Statement: Why did the state do that with COVID patients in nursing homes? It's because the state followed President Trump's CDC guidance.
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: May 20, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: The CDC's guidance at the time of the March 25 state order was that COVID-19 patients who are medically stable can be discharged from a hospital to a nursing home, but only if the nursing home can implement all recommended infection control procedures. CMS, a federal agency that regulates nursing homes, issued similar guidance, and also said that preferably, coronoavirus patients should be cared for in a dedicated unit.  Like CDC and CMS, the state Health Department said only those patients who are medically stable can be discharged, and also recommended that nursing homes consider dedicated units, if possible. The Health Department prohibited nursing homes from requiring a COVID-19 test before admitting a resident, while CMS said new residents should be tested, but did not require it.  The Cuomo administration points to state and federal regulations that predate the pandemic, which require facilities to accept only those patients they can care for. In addition, earlier state communications encouraged nursing homes to stay current with CDC guidance. But once the state issued its March 25 advisory, nursing home operators said that they felt they had no choice but to accept residents who were either known to be infected or suspected to be. That’s because the March 25 memo did not say anything about making sure that a nursing home can care for a patient before making an admission decision, and said they "must comply with the expedited receipt of residents." In the month following the memo, nursing homes  pleaded for relief from the order.  We rate his statement .
Statement: Nobody has ever escaped from one of our federal 'supermax' prisons.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 21, 2009
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Prisoners are kept in small cells and have limited contact with others. Florence is already home to several widely known international and domestic terrorists, including the "shoe bomber" Richard Reid, and Zacarias Moussaoui , a man sentenced to life in prison for his involvement in the 9/11 attacks. As for Obama's statement, federal prison officials confirmed that he is correct. No prisoner has ever escaped from the only federal supermax facility since it was opened in 1994, no doubt thanks to the $10 million perimeter fence and the remote-controlled steel doors. We find his statement .
Statement: Biden's tax rate on a family making 75,000 dollars would go from 12% to 25%.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 16, 2020
Topics: taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said, "Biden’s tax rate on a family making 75,000 dollars would go from 12% to 25%." Biden hasn’t proposed raising the federal income tax rate from 12% to 25% for married couples filing jointly and earning $75,000. We rate this post .
Statement: Suzanne Bonamici supports a plan that will cut choice for Medicare Advantage seniors.
Speaker: rob cornilles
About the speaker: Rob Cornilles is the president and founder of Game Face Inc. He is a graduate of Brigham Young University.
Date: January 17, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: medicare;message machine 2012;negative campaigning
Context: a radio show
Fact-check justification: The Affordable Care Act was designed to save money by slowing future spending, including future spending on Medicare Advantage plans. But spending still goes up. In addition, many outside factors can affect the cost and range of benefits, making it impossible to know how Medicare Advantage might change. While the statement from Cornilles is partially accurate, it is taken out of context and ignores important details on a politically volatile subject. We rate the statement .
Statement: This Congress "adjourned earliest of any time in congressional history before an election.
Speaker: laura ingraham
About the speaker: Laura Ingraham is a conservative broadcaster and commentator. On April 13, 2014, she was named an ABC News contributor.
Date: September 28, 2014
Topics: congress;elections;history;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Ingraham said Congress had adjourned earlier this year than in any time in "Congressional history before an election." Technically, Congress is in recess and hasn’t adjourned. But setting that aside, the record shows that in 1960, Congress adjourned and ended its session Sept. 1 -- more than two weeks before the current Congress took its recess. We rate the  .
Statement: Yesterday we had the strongest dollar in the history of our country.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 21, 2019
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;economy;foreign policy;trade
Context: remarks at the White House
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Yesterday we had the strongest dollar in the history of our country." That’s not the case — the overall dollar index and one-to-one comparisons with the Euro, the yen and the yuan have all been stronger for the United States for long stretches of time in recent years. We rate the statement . Clarification, Aug. 23: This article has been updated to clarify that the strongest dollar exchange rate in history against the Euro was actually against the predecessor currency to the Euro, the ECU.
Statement: When we started this health care debate a year ago, 85 percent of the American people had health insurance, and 95 percent of the 85 percent were happy with it.
Speaker: george will
About the speaker: George Will is a conservative columnist syndicated by the Washington Post.
Date: February 21, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care;pundits
Context: a roundtable segment on ABC's This Week
Fact-check justification: Many people feel more warmly toward their doctors than they do toward their insurers. So, while one poll with unique wording pegged satisfaction at 95 percent, the average of all relevant polls over a two-year period was eight points lower than what Will cited. However, Will is correct that the levels of satisfaction with one's own health insurance are consistently high. Indeed, they're extraordinarily high, when one considers how rarely surveys find such high levels of agreement among Americans. Since Will portrayed the larger point accurately, even while modestly overstating the number, we rate his comment .
Statement: Tapping the Strategic Petroleum Reserve would immediately lower gasoline prices
Speaker: jeff merkley
About the speaker: Jeff Merkley is a Democratic senator from Oregon. He was elected in 2008. Merkley won his first campaign for the Oregon Legislature as a representative in 1998. He was elected Democratic leader in 2003 and speaker of the House in 2007. He studied international relations at Stanford University and earned a graduate degree in public policy at Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
Date: March 4, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: energy
Context: a letter to President Barack Obama
Fact-check justification: Whether to use the SPR is fueling a vigorous debate whose outcome is unclear. But, if it is used it’s almost certain that prices will drop. Whether those lower prices drip all the way to the pump, however, is less clear. For those reasons, we rate this : . Return to OregonLive to comment on this PolitiFact statement.
Statement: Says CNN President Jeff Zucker ordered employees to downplay Bill Clinton's relationship with Jeffrey Epstein and make it look like Epstein was "Trump's partner in all of this.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 14, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Nowhere in the public record does Zucker’s alleged statement appear. There are no news reports about it. The  only appears in a handful of unsourced, vague social media posts. A CNN spokesperson also told PolitiFact there is "absolutely no  to this rumor." We rate the  !
Statement: On (the federal minimum wage of) $7.75, you can't even make half the poverty level.
Speaker: jim mcdermott
About the speaker: Jim McDermott is a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from a district in Washington state.
Date: November 12, 2013
Location: national
Topics: families;poverty;workers
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "Politics Nation"
Fact-check justification: McDermott said that "on (the federal minimum wage of) $7.75, you can’t even make half the poverty level." He’s  about what the federal minimum wage is -- it’s $7.25. And for about 98 percent of households, he’s  that a year of working at that wage rate wouldn’t even get you to half of the poverty level. We rate his statement .
Statement: Four million women have fallen into poverty in the last six years.
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: October 7, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: poverty;women
Context: a U.S. Senate debate
Fact-check justification: He bases it, in part, on U.S. Census Bureau data first collected in 2008, when Obama wasn’t even in office. The Census Bureau data shows 3.7 million more females in poverty in 2012 than in 2008. But when you talk just about women -- adult females over 18 -- the increase is 2.8 million. That’s far too big an increase but also far too far from 4 million to be called accurate. We rate the statement .
Statement: Some of the safest communities in the United States are along the border.
Speaker: jorge ramos
About the speaker: Jorge Ramos is a journalist and anchor for Univision, a Spanish-language network airing the United States. He also hosts America with Jorge Ramos in English on Fusion TV.
Date: May 12, 2017
Topics: immigration;homeland security;crime;punditfact
Context: a Fox News interview
Fact-check justification: Ramos said, "Some of the safest communities in the United States are along the border." Violent crime rates in some border communities are lower than in other parts of the United States, according to FBI data. The FBI has warned against using its crime rates to rank communities’ safety because doing so overlooks other factors. Yet, local law enforcement officials have said crime is low in their border communities, and heavy federal and local law enforcement presence may be deterring crime in border communities.  Overall, we rate Ramos’ statement .
Statement: Says "the Kardashians donate whopping sum to Las Vegas mass shooting victims
Speaker: houstonchronicle-tv.com
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: October 3, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: PolitiFact has labeled HoustonChronicle-tv.com as an imposter site . The website is not affiliated with the actual Houston Chronicle newspaper, whose  website is chron.com , and it is not the website for a TV news station. HoustonChronicle-tv.com had a similar  story in August claiming that boxer Floyd Mayweather Jr. donated $200 million to Houston for Hurricane Harvey relief. HoustonChronicle-tv.com fabricated the  that the Kardashian family donated $1 million to Las Vegas shooting victims. We rate the statement .
Statement: With the Republican-backed tax cut, "we're seeing the result, and to date, federal tax revenues have gone up.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: October 16, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: federal budget;taxes
Context: a Senate debate
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that with the Republican-backed tax cut, "we’re seeing the result, and to date, federal tax revenues have gone up." They have gone up by less than half of 1 percent in nominal dollars, one of the weakest increases since the end of World War II. They have actually fallen if you factor in inflation, growth in the economy, or prior projections for tax collections. Cruz’s suggestion that the new tax law caused the nominal increase is dubious, since in the months when that new law was the primary mover of tax payments, collections actually fell by 3.8 percent. We rate his statement .
Statement: A man's injuries from falling after police officers shoved him in Buffalo, N.Y. were staged.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 5, 2020
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Trump campaign didn’t respond to PolitiFact’s requests for comment. But there’s no  Trump’s claims — or the allegations in the Facebook posts — are .   "Martin has always been a PEACEFUL protester because he cares about today’s society," Zarcone said. "No one from law enforcement has even suggested anything otherwise so we are at a loss to understand why the president of the United States would make such a dark, dangerous and untrue accusations against him." We rate these Facebook posts .
Statement: Says personhood legislation she sponsored would not have restricted access to reproductive services and was "simply a statement that I support life.
Speaker: joni ernst
About the speaker: Joni Ernst is a Republican senator from Iowa. A former state senator, she won the 2014 GOP primary for an open U.S. Senate seat and defeated Democratic Rep. Bruce Braley in November. She was sworn into Congress in January 2015, replacing long-time Senator Tom Harkin.
Date: September 28, 2014
Location: national
Topics: abortion;women
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Ernst said personhood legislation she sponsored would not have restricted access to reproductive services and was "simply a statement that I support life." Both Braley and Ernst have exaggerated here. Ernst has a point that the legislation does not literally call for the restrictions on reproductive rights Braley cited, but it’s more than just a "statement" of principle -- it would change the Iowa Constitution in a way that could, at some point, enable many or all of the consequences Braley foresees to be enacted. We rate Ernst’s  .
Statement: Karrin Taylor Robson gave illegals tuition discounts and made us pay for it.
Speaker: kari lake
About the speaker: Kari Lake, a former anchor for Fox 10 News in Phoenix, was the Republican nominee for governor of Arizona in 2022. She lost the general election to Katie Hobbs.
Date: July 7, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: education;elections
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: While on the Board of Regents, Robson voted to allow DACA students to continue paying in-state tuition while a case over their eligibility for this rate was resolved in the courts. She also voted to allow students in the U.S. illegally to qualify for a lowered out-of-state tuition rate if they meet other requirements. This tuition is unsubsidized, meaning the government does not pay for it. Students illegally in the country are not eligible for financial aid or student loans. We rate this  .
Statement: I built that border fence in San Diego...and it reduced the smuggling of people and drugs...by 90 percent.
Speaker: duncan hunter
About the speaker: Duncan Hunter is a former U.S. representative from California, first elected to the post in 1980. He was born in California in 1948 and went to Western State University for undergraduate and law degrees. He served in Vietnam and practiced law before running for Congress. He is married and has two children. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 19, 2008.
Date: September 5, 2007
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Durham, N.H
Fact-check justification: Meanwhile, apprehensions in the neighboring fenceless El Centro County shot up during the same period. The Congressional Research Service, a nonpartisan arm of the federal government, notes that opponents of the fence say there is no way of measuring how many smugglers go through the area without being apprehended. CRS says those same critics also point to other factors, such as a doubling of the number of border patrol agents in the same period that might have deterred illegal crossings. Hunter is also  correct about his pivotal role in the construction of both the first fence along the 14-mile stretch between San Diego and Tijuana (begun in 1990) and the subsequent strengthening of the fence. He snagged the funding for the first fence in the early 1990s, then wrote the law authorizing funding for two additional layers in 1996.
Statement: Obamacare "was invented by liberal academic theorists.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: November 30, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: USA Today
Fact-check justification: Scott said Obamacare "was invented by liberal academic theorists." Scott cherry-picked three advisers supportive of the law with ties to Obama. But he  by ignoring that many people over several decades from both parties developed the ideas for what would eventually become Obamacare. Most notably, Scott omits Republican Gov. Romney, who enacted a Massachusetts plan four years before the federal law passed, and the conservative Heritage Foundation, which was a strong advocate for the health care exchanges upon which both plans were based. We rate this  .
Statement: White men have committed more mass shootings than any other group.
Speaker: newsweek
About the speaker: Newsweek is a weekly newsmagazine and website.
Date: October 2, 2017
Topics: punditfact;guns
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: Newsweek said, "White men have committed more mass shootings than any other group." Newsweek based its  on data from  Mother Jones , which defines a public mass shooting as an incident in which the motive appeared to be indiscriminate killing and a lone gunman took the lives of at least three people. Under this definition, Mother Jones found that non-Hispanic white men have been responsible for 54 percent of mass shootings since August 1982. Another tally, with a longer timeline and a different definition of mass shooting, found non-Hispanic white men make up 63 percent of these attacks. Under both definitions and datasets, white men have committed more mass shootings than any other ethnicity group. Newsweek' s  is literally accurate. But it's worth noting the imprecision of this data, and the percentage of mass shootings by white men is lower than their share of the male population, according to Mother Jones .  We rate this .
Statement: Morgan Griffith fought for a plan that would have taken money away from our schools and given it to Northern Virginia schools instead.
Speaker: rick boucher
About the speaker: Rick Boucher, a Democrat, served 14th terms as the U.S. Representative from Virginia's 9th District. He lost his re-election bid in 2010 to Republican Morgan Griffith..
Date: October 25, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Let’s go back to Boucher’s ad. The 9th District congressman says Griffith "fought for a plan to take money away from our schools and give it to Northern Virginia schools." Griffith was on record supporting the reset of the school formula, but Boucher fails to prove that Griffith "fought for" it. And contrary to the implication of the ad that the district would suffer a significant loss of education money, the amount lost from the 9th District is actually a small fraction of 1 percent. We find Boucher’s  to be .