chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says she's beating Democratic opponent Cal Cunningham and is also the first black, female US Senate candidate to be beating an incumbent Senator (Thom Tillis) in "every poll out of the gate.
Speaker: erica smith
About the speaker: Erica Smith is an NC state Senator who's running for US Senate.
Date: December 6, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: polls and public opinion
Fact-check justification: But it’s a stretch for Smith to  she’s beating Cunningham or Tillis. She did poll higher than Tillis "out of the gate," but that was before Cunningham entered the race. And there’s no poll featuring all three candidates that showed Smith with a lead that cleared the margin of error. Smith’s  is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Says Tom Cotton "voted to turn Medicare into a voucher system.
Speaker: mark pryor
About the speaker: Mark Pryor, a Democrat, has served in the U.S. Senate since 2003.
Date: November 13, 2013
Location: national
Topics: medicare
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Pryor’s campaign ad said Cotton voted to turn Medicare into a voucher system. Liberal and conservative  experts have debated whether it’s a voucher system in every sense of the word. When we set aside the negative connotation that Democrats want to pin to Ryan’s proposal by using the word "voucher," we think it’s still an accurate way to describe the process of encouraging seniors to shop for their own plans from private insurers. The "voucher system" is the colloquial way to refer to a program that gives people credit to purchase something. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Milwaukee County Executive Chris Abele "once proposed a plan to end county funding to homeless shelters.
Speaker: chris larson
About the speaker: Chris Larson, a Milwaukee Democrat, was elected to the Wisconsin state Senate in November 2010. A former member of the Milwaukee County Board, he is a candidate for Milwaukee County executive in 2016.
Date: January 7, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: county budget
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In a statement issued at a news conference outside Abele’s condo, Larson was quoted as saying: "Homelessness remains a problem for many Milwaukee families, and Abele's recurring pattern of ignoring the needs of Milwaukee's homeless citizens is inexcusable." The news release added: "As County Executive, Larson will maintain the increased funding for emergency shelters." Our rating Larson said on Facebook that Abele "once proposed a plan to end county funding to homeless shelters." After we asked about the , the post disappeared, Larson’s campaign manager said it was  and apologized. We rate Larson’s  .
Statement: Big soda has a lot of money. They make a lot of profit off their product and they market in neighborhoods that suffer from these very things that we're trying to cure.
Speaker: jim kenney
About the speaker: Mayor of Philadelphia and former City Councilman
Date: March 27, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: economy;taxes
Context: Pennsylvania
Fact-check justification: Dr. Pepper Snapple and Coke experienced slight profit boosts over the year before, while Pepsi’s numbers took a $1.1-billion dip. News reports on annual and quarterly reports deemed profits for all three companies better than expected.    Our Ruling Kenney stated that big soda makes a lot of cash. Profit-wise, despite current consumers trends that may signal a bleak future for soft drink sales, carbonated beverages remain profitable, thanks, in notable cases, to reorganization and new pricing. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump said "good" during the final presidential debate in reference to families being separated at the border.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 23, 2020
Location: national
Topics: immigration;facebook fact-checks
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: Trump (to Welker): "Go ahead." Watch the moment for yourself in the video below. Trump is looking at Welker and says, "Go ahead," not "good."    The Facebook post is . We rate it .
Statement: California lawmakers are planning to push free abortion pills on all students across the state as part of a 'super progressive' new policy.
Speaker: yournewswire.com
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: August 21, 2018
Topics: abortion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The Your News Wire headline said, "California lawmakers are planning to push free abortion pills on all students across the state as part of a ‘super progressive’ new policy." While the California Legislature is moving toward mandating on-campus medication abortion services, that’s quite a bit different than "pushing" abortion pills on "all students across the state." The bill only applies to college health centers. The cost will not be free like the Your News Wire headline states, but will be billed the same way as other college health services. We also found the article's photo of a soccer team — featuring young girls with braces and pigtails — extremely .  We rate this  .
Statement: Donald Trump's letter to Joe Biden said, "You know I won.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 20, 2021
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: And letters from Trump that have been made public have the month before the day, not the day before the month as it appears here. The letter is being shared among people who believe the QAnon conspiracy theory. We found no credible sources to confirm the letter’s authenticity. It seems more akin to the guesses other people are jokingly making about the letter’s contents. We rate this  .
Statement: A secret backroom deal" gave "away hundreds of millions of tax dollars to a Soros-owned company.
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: March 29, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: state budget;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Perdue claimed in an ad attacking Kemp that a "secret backroom deal" gave "away hundreds of millions of tax dollars to a Soros-owned company." Kemp has publicly proposed state spending of $125 million for land and training costs associated with a proposed $5 billion electric-vehicle factory planned by Rivian Automotive.  It’s expected that in total, hundreds of millions of dollars in state and local government incentives will be offered to Rivian. But that has not happened and negotiations are continuing. Soros, a frequent target of conservatives, does not own Rivian. His investment fund owns about 20 million shares of the company, or about 2%.  Perdue’s statement contains an element of  in that negotiations are not happening in public. But he ignores critical facts about Soros’ involvement that would give a different impression. We rate it . RELATED: David Perdue’s PolitiFact file RELATED:   Brian Kemp’s PolitiFact file RELATED: Stacey Abrams’ PolitiFact file RELATED: Fact-checks about Georgia
Statement: Vaccine makers "are shipping lots of jabs with varying ingredients, potency & EVEN placebo lots.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 24, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that vaccine manufacturers are shipping COVID-19 shots with different formulas and strengths, and that some lots are coming with placebos.    The FDA said that the claims are , and Pfizer said that it does not change the composition or strength of its vaccines between lots, and that it does not ship placebo injections widely. The  was originally made by a conspiracy theorist who has repeatedly spread falsehoods during the pandemic.  We rate the post .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "says organized crime runs wild on reservations.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: November 2, 2016
Location: national
Topics: gambling;crime;race and ethnicity
Context: Tempe, Ariz
Fact-check justification: Clinton said Trump "says organized crime runs wild on reservations." Trump did say that at least twice -- but that was 23 years ago. He later implied such a connection in 2000. But there’s no indication he said that publicly in the past 16 years, including during the 2016 campaign. So Clinton’s use of the present tense -- "says" -- and her decision to cite it in the same breath as Trump's "Pocahantas" insult, which did occur during the 2016 campaign, is . We rate Clinton’s statement .
Statement: The president's own FBI director said that the greatest domestic terrorist threat is white supremacists.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 5, 2020
Topics: crime;race and ethnicity;terrorism
Context: Miami
Fact-check justification: Biden said that the FBI director said "the greatest domestic terrorism threat are white supremacist groups." In September, Wray testified to that general effect, and he made similar comments in 2019. We rate this comment .
Statement: Seven ecological disasters in less than 2 weeks. … We are under attack.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 16, 2023
Topics: transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said that the Ohio train derailment and six other "ecological disasters" show that the U.S. is "under attack." The National Transportation Safety Board said foul play or sabotage is not suspected in the Ohio incident. Although a preliminary report has not been issued, officials believe an equipment failure was likely the cause. We found no  that any of the other incidents cited in the Facebook post were anything but accidents. None of them were serious enough to be considered "ecological disasters." We rate the  .
Statement: Between 1982 and 2007 the cost of a college education increased 439 percent.
Speaker: ron wyden
About the speaker: Ron Wyden is the Democratic U.S. Senator from Oregon.
Date: February 9, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: education
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Those numbers showed an increase from $3,495 to $8,244, or about 136 percent. Even though the assortment of studies and analyses measure different elements (some look only at tuition and fees while others include room and board) and survey different periods of time, taken together they leave no doubt. While we might prefer more recent statistics, the trend hasn’t changed. Wyden’s numbers -- that the cost of college increased an astounding 439 percent from 1982 through 2007 -- and his underlying point are correct.   We rate this : .
Statement: Here's the simple and undeniable fact: The overwhelming majority of violent criminals are Democrats.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: November 30, 2015
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;legal issues;crime
Context: a radio interview with Hugh Hewitt
Fact-check justification: Cruz said, "Here’s the simple and undeniable fact: The overwhelming majority of violent criminals are Democrats." Research cited by the Cruz campaign supports the  that, in at least three states, felons released from prison go on to register as Democrats at a disproportionately high rate following their release. However, there are important caveats. The study in question looked at both violent and nonviolent felons without separating out those two groups. It’s not clear whether the patterns holds in the other 47 states. Also, the study didn’t look at active "criminals" but rather those who had already served their time. Finally, it’s hard to draw a line between cause and effect, particularly given the disproportionately high population of African-Americans -- a traditionally Democratic group -- in the criminal justice system. We rate his statement .
Statement: The United States has "the highest rate of childhood poverty of almost any major country on Earth.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: February 11, 2016
Location: national
Topics: children;poverty
Context: comments during the PBS Democratic debate
Fact-check justification: Sanders said the United States has "the highest rate of childhood poverty of almost any major country on Earth." Unlike his July statement, Sanders isn't saying we're at the bottom, just that we're close to it. The reports we've seen aren't perfect, but they do suggest that childhood poverty is embarrassingly high for a country so rich. Comparing U.S. rates to the childhood poverty rates of other countries is perilous, however, because countries have so many different standards of living. In addition, the income inequality in the United States may be exaggerating our position.   The statement is partially accurate, but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: Wisconsin 2020 election investigation finds more illegal votes were cast than Biden's margin of victory.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 10, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The group called for requiring medical documentation in order to apply for indefinitely confined status. The review concluded overall that "there was no  of widespread voter fraud. In all likelihood, more eligible voters cast ballots for Joe Biden than Donald Trump." The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported in January 2021 that amid the coronavirus pandemic, about 215,000 voters claimed they were confined for the November 2020 election, up from about 67,000 in 2016, and that the vast majority already had an ID on file with their municipal clerk or had shown one when they voted in person in the last four years. We rate the post .
Statement: We are taking Virginia's investment in public education to the highest level in the commonwealth's history.
Speaker: terry mcauliffe
About the speaker: Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat, was elected governor of Virginia on Nov. 5, 2013. He received 47.8 percent of the vote in defeating Republican Ken Cuccinelli, who came in at 45.2 percent. Robert Sarvis, a Libertarian, finished a distant third with 6.5 percent.
McAuliffe's inaguration as Virginia's 72nd governor is scheduled on Jan. 11, 2014.
McAuliffe, a wealthy businessman and noted political fundraiser, was co-chairman of President Bill Clinton's 1996 reelection campaign. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2005 and chairman of Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, McAuliffe unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Virginia governor.
McAuliffe was born in Syracuse, N.Y., on Feb. 9, 1957. He has a bachelor's degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. McAuliffe has lived in Fairfax County for more than 20 years, is married and has five children.
 
Date: December 17, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: "We are taking Virginia’s investment in public education to the highest level in the commonwealth’s history," McAuliffe said last month. In raw dollars, the governor’s proposed budget would set state records for overall education spending and per-student outlays. But this is a  way of comparing spending levels, because raw dollars lose value over time. A meaningful comparison of historic spending levels requires that the figures be adjusted for inflation. When that’s done, the governor’s education budget does not rise to the levels reached one to three years before the most recent recession. So we rate the governor’s  .
Statement: Money towards the Ebola vaccine is basically cut in half to what it was. More cuts are coming under the congressional sequester.
Speaker: stephanie cutter
About the speaker: Stephanie Cutter appears as a co-host on CNN's Crossfire. She previously served as deputy campaign manager for the Barack Obama campaign in 2012. She is the former communications director for the Democratic National Committee and worked as a White House deputy communications director while Bill Clinton was president.
 
Date: October 19, 2014
Topics: ebola;federal budget;public health;punditfact
Context: an episode of "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Cutter said, "Money towards the Ebola vaccine is basically cut in half to what it was," and "more cuts are coming under the congressional sequester." Whether money for the vaccine was cut in half depends on the metric you use. It’s  if you compare 2010 to the 2014 estimate, when vaccine research spending fell from $37 million to $17.2 million, but not if you use other parameters. The financial picture for the NIH is not expected to substantially brighten any time soon amid constraints from budget-control measures, though given the emergence of the threat in the United States and the massive attention to the issue, Congress and the president could choose to increase funding for Ebola going forward. We rate her  .
Statement: The barber regulation here in Missouri is 10,000 words long….the book of Revelation is (also) 10,000 words long.
Speaker: catherine hanaway
About the speaker: Catherine Hanaway is a Republican candidate for governor of Missouri. She previously served as speaker of the the state House and later as U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri.
Date: March 17, 2016
Location: missouri
Topics: regulation
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Hanaway said there are 10,000 words of regulations for barbers in Missouri, the same number that are in the book of Revelation. The Board of Cosmetology and Barber Examiners Statutes and Regulations isn’t just as long as the book of Revelation — it’s much longer. The numbers more than make her point. We rate Hanaway’s statement .
Statement: John McCain opposed bankruptcy protections for families "who were only in bankruptcy because of medical expenses they couldn't pay.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 11, 2008
Location: national
Topics: bankruptcy
Context: Chicago, Ill
Fact-check justification: Obama joined 37 other Democrats and Vermont Independent James M. Jeffords in voting for it. In fairness, McCain did not play a prominent role in this debate. And the vote on Kennedy's amendment was not an especially dramatic moment in the life of the bankruptcy law; there was more attention focused on high-profile votes on amendments to raise the minimum wage and to prevent violent protesters from escaping court-ordered fines or judgments by filing for bankruptcy protection. Still, a vote is a vote, and in a year where candidates are trying to show empathy for economically stressed Americans, votes like this are likely to carry strong symbolism. Because Obama correctly cites McCain's vote on an effort to narrow the bankruptcy law's reach, we judge his statement .
Statement: Biden and Democrats have dismantled border security.
Speaker: adam laxalt
About the speaker: Adam Laxalt is the 2022 Republican nominee for U.S. Senate in Nevada. He served as Nevada's attorney general from 2014 to 2018 and ran for governor in 2018. He is the grandson of Paul Laxalt, a prominent Nevada governor and senator.
Date: November 20, 2022
Location: nevada
Topics: immigration;border security;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Border Patrol staffing has remained fairly consistent despite long-term hiring and retention challenges. And border laws and policies to prevent immigrants from remaining in the U.S. continue to be enforced under Biden’s presidency.   The Biden administration stopped building additional miles of barriers at the southwest border; however, Biden did not order a dismantling of the barriers built under Trump or other administrations. Biden’s administration has used previously appropriated funds to repair barriers and close gaps that have become popular areas for immigrants to cross into the U.S. We rate this  .