chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Bill McCollum has "recovered $200 million in Medicaid fraud.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: May 20, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: elections;message machine 2010
Context: a campaign commercial for Bill McCollum
Fact-check justification: So Bush is almost on the money. We should note that the Medicaid Fraud Control Unit has been around since way before McCollum became attorney general. The unit started under the auditor general's office, but in July 1994 it was moved under the Attorney General's Office as a way to police the state's burgeoning Medicaid program. And McCollum has come under attack from state officials in both the Republican and Democratic parties for not doing enough. As for Bush's  that McCollum "recovered nearly $200 million in Medicaid Fraud," we rate it .
Statement: Says president is 'spending $2.2 billion to give away "ObamaPhones." '
Speaker: steve stockman
About the speaker: Steve Stockman, a Republican from Friendswood, returned for a second term in the U.S. House in 2013 - 16 years after his first term. He unsuccessfully sought his party's U.S. Senate nomination in 2014.
Date: February 22, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: federal budget;public safety
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Stockman said Obama’s "spending $2.2 billion to give away ‘ObamaPhones.’ " That figure’s about right for 2012 federal spending on the Lifeline program, but as PolitiFact has noted before, attributing it to Obama is . It’s important to note, too, that the money comes from phone fees, so it wouldn’t be possible to prevent public safety cuts by halting the phone program. The tradeoff Stockman asserts isn’t valid. We rate his statement as .
Statement: Huckabee "was one of the highest taxing governors that we had in this country and rivaling Bill Clinton in terms of the Cato ratings.
Speaker: fred thompson
About the speaker: Fred Thompson was a U.S. senator from Tennessee from 1994 to 2003. He graduated from Memphis State University and earned a law degree at Vanderbilt University. Thompson practiced law and served a variety of government counsel positions, including as minority counsel for the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities ("Watergate Committee"). In his acting career Thompson has appeared in 18 films, and recently worked as a TV actor, playing a prosecutor on the series Law and Order. Thompson was born in Alabama in 1942. He has been married to Jeri Kehn since 2002, and has four children, two from his first marriage. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 22, 2008.
Date: November 5, 2007
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview on the Fox News Channel
Fact-check justification: It's worth noting that the fiscal reports done by Cato factor in spending policy as well as tax history, according to Stephen Slivinski, who produces the fiscal report cards. In 2006, Slivinski's team gave Huckabee the lowest grade of any governor when it came to tax policy. Thompson called Huckabee "one of the highest taxing governors," and it's hard to dispute that. Again, though, as a point of clarification, that doesn't mean Arkansas has the nation's highest tax burden. According to the Tax Foundation, a nonprofit research organization, Arkansans have the 13th-highest state and local tax burden in the nation — that is, however, a significant jump from the No. 30 spot the state held when Huckabee became governor.
Statement: Says President Barack Obama's finance team is recommending a "1% tax on all transactions at any financial institution.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: May 12, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: social security;taxes
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: An e-mail claims that the president’s finance team recommends a "1% tax on all transactions at any financial institution." That’s . A Pennsylvania congressman has sponsored a bill that would levy a one-percent fee on some financial transactions. But nearly every year he has introduced the legislation it gained no support. And none of the bills have ever left committee. Obama -- and his financial team -- have nothing to do with the legislation. We set this e-mail  ablaze. ! To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Kari Lake's lawsuit "exposes Arizona used no signature verification.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 11, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said Lake’s lawsuit "exposes Arizona used no signature verification." That’s not what the lawsuit said, and the assertion that Arizona didn’t use signature verification is . Arizona law requires county officials to verify signatures on mail ballots and Maricopa County had at least 100 workers involved in signature verification. Lake’s lawsuit alleges that Maricopa’s signature verification process is flawed. The lawsuit cites a report by the state attorney general who concluded that Maricopa’s signature verification in 2020 was inefficient to guard against abuse. But a judge found the county followed the process for verifying signatures.  Many of the allegations in Lake’s lawsuit about 2022 stem from signed affidavits from three signature verification workers who concluded the verification process was flawed. These are anecdotal reports about their impressions of the process and are not proof of wrongdoing. A judge has yet to rule on the allegations in Lake’s lawsuit, but we found no  that Arizona used no signature verification. We rate this statement . RELATED : Kari Lake claimed Maricopa County voters were ‘disenfranchised.’ Experts disagree. RELATED : Kari Lake’s -O-Meter  RELATED : All of our fact-checks about Arizona
Statement: The truth is, Planned Parenthood does not provide mammograms. Planned Parenthood refers women to mammography providers, serving as the middlewoman, if you will.
Speaker: karen handel
About the speaker: Karen Handel is the former secretary of state of Georgia. She is also the former chair of the Fulton County Board of Commissioners. Handel, a Republican, lost the runoff for the GOP nomination for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: September 11, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: a book
Fact-check justification: We asked, and in an email response, a spokeswoman for the organization said doctors and nurses at Planned Parenthood health centers provide clinical breast exams and refer patients to facilities with technicians for mammograms based on breast exams, age or family history. Planned Parenthood also refers women to breast specialists when a potential abnormality is found and follow-up tests are needed. And with the organization’s expanded breast health initiative, Planned Parenthood will be able to cover the cost of this specialized care for more women, the email said. Handel’s statement that Planned Parenthood doesn’t provide mammograms and only refers clients for those services at other facilities is supported by the organization itself. We rate the  .
Statement: Even with recent changes, the average hourly wage at General Motors is still $75 an hour.
Speaker: spencer bachus
About the speaker: Rep. Spencer Bachus has represented Alabama’s 6th district in the U.S. House since 1993. He became chairman of the Financial Services Committee following the midterm elections of 2010 after having served as the ranking member of that committee for four years prior.
Date: November 19, 2008
Location: national
Topics: transportation
Fact-check justification: According to the latest data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (November 2008), the average hourly earnings (wage only) for automobile production workers was $30.27 compared to $17.91 for all manufacturing production workers. Auto workers are the kings of the industrial labor force, Dziczek said, and that surely breeds some resentment — particularly when it comes to talking about a taxpayer-funded bailout. That might be a legitimate point to make, but when Bachus and others cited a figure suggesting Big Three autoworkers make more than $70 an hour, it is not only , it's just . That figure is a labor cost that includes the expense of health benefits for retirees. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton told her daughter and a government official that Benghazi "was a terrorist attack, and then tells everybody else that it was a video.
Speaker: ben carson
About the speaker: Dr. Ben Carson is President Donald Trump's secretary for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. A retired pediatric neurosurgeon, Carson ran as a Republican for president in 2016. He owns homes in West Palm Beach and Maryland.
Date: November 10, 2015
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;terrorism
Context: the Fox Business Network debate
Fact-check justification: Carson said Clinton told her daughter and a government official that Benghazi "was a terrorist attack, and then tells everybody else that it was a video." But he’s oversimplifying multiple statements from Clinton during the month of the attacks. He has a point that Clinton told her daughter that terrorists attacked in Benghazi, and she told the Libyan president that a terrorist group had taken responsibility. But those were private comments made hours after the attack.   Carson misleads when he said that she told everybody else that it was a video. On the day after the attack, she told the Egyptian prime minister it had nothing to do with the film.  At other times, Clinton talked about the video but didn’t say it caused the attacks. At other times, she blamed the video more broadly for protests in various places. A family member of a victim said Clinton blamed the video for his son’s death, but we didn’t find that same sentiment expressed in any of her public comments. Carson is oversimplifying and distorting Clinton’s comments to portray a complex situation in the worst possible light. We rate his statement .
Statement: Ottawa may euthanize truckers' pets as punishment.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 20, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said that the city of Ottawa may euthanize the pets of protesters as punishment for participating in the recent truckers’ protest against vaccine mandates. The city did not threaten to kill any pets "as punishment." Ottawa By-law & Regulatory Services did tweet a warning that if protesters were incarcerated, the city would place their pets in protective care for up to eight days. If no arrangements were made to retrieve the animals by then, the pets would be considered "relinquished," it said. Animals taken into the city’s custody are brought to the Ottawa Humane Society, which says it euthanizes animals only if they have serious medical or behavioral issues, the organization’s website said. Only one animal from the protest was brought to the shelter and it was returned to its owner, the shelter said. While it is possible that any animal brought into the shelter may meet the agency’s euthanasia criteria, the shelter’s numbers show such situations are rare. We rate this  .
Statement: With the resources it takes to execute just over three months of the Iraq war, we could fully fund the expansion of health care for needy children that Bush vetoed.
Speaker: chris dodd
About the speaker: Chris Dodd is a former U.S. senator from Connecticut, having served in that post from 1981-2011. Dodd also ran unsuccessfully for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination and was a member of the U.S. House prior to his service in the Senate. He was born in Connecticut in 1944, graduated from Providence College and earned a law degree from the University of Louisville. Dodd is married to Jackie Marie Clegg. They have two children.
Date: October 3, 2007
Location: national
Topics: health care
Fact-check justification: Three months of the war would cost $30 billion. The expansion if SCHIP is estimated to cost $35 billion over five years, according to the Congressional Budget Office. So, SCHIP costs $5 billion more than three months of the war. To most of us, $5 billion is big bucks. In Washington, it's not.
Statement: So the unvaxxed have to wear mask (sic) to protect the vaxxinated.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 22, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says, "So the unvaxxed have to wear mask (sic) to protect the vaxxinated."  There is no  to support the  that mask recommendations are for the benefit of the vaccinated. Three-fifths of the total U.S. population is not yet fully vaccinated, and daily COVID-19 cases in the U.S. still number in the thousands. Wearing masks helps prevent the spread of COVID-19 among those who are unvaccinated or not fully vaccinated. We rate this  .
Statement: A photo shows Kyle Rittenhouse wearing a "Klan outfit.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 6, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: He has a series of photos capturing the Ku Klux Klan from 2005 to the present on his site, and the girl appears in another photo from the same event .   The photographer sent Snopes a third photo in 2017 when the fact-checking site looked into claims that the child pictured was former White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders (also not ).   Rittenhouse grew up in the suburbs of Chicago , about 600 miles from Arkansas . There is nothing that connects him to this photo. We rate this post .
Statement: Says "Rick Santorum supported (Arlen) Specter over conservative candidates twice.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: February 23, 2012
Location: national
Topics: message machine 2012
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Romney’s ad says Santorum "supported Specter over conservative candidates twice." It’s  that Santorum endorsed his Pennsylvania colleague in 1995 and 2004 over more conservative primary challengers. In the first case, he was repaying Specter’s support for his own Senate candidacy. In the second, he was helping Republicans keep their Senate majority by supporting the candidate the party felt would be more competitive in a general election. The ad’s  is accurate. We rate it .
Statement: We're losing now over $500 billion a year in terms of imbalance with China.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 10, 2015
Location: national
Topics: china;foreign policy;trade
Context: Milwaukee, Wis
Fact-check justification: Trump said that "we’re losing now over $500 billion a year in terms of imbalance with China." Last month, Trump said almost $400 billion during a speech in Iowa. He should have stuck to that figure. The 2014 trade deficit totaled $343 billion, and it’s expected to be larger in 2015 but not more than $500 billion. Trump’s  rates .
Statement: Kewpie burgers are delicious. An Ohio institution. And they'll cost less thanks to John Kasich's tax cut.
Speaker: ohio republican party
About the speaker: Statewide organization for Ohio's Republicans.
Date: February 19, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: food safety;state budget;taxes
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: So what's the take-away? It is accurate to say that a delicious burger eaten at the iconic Kewpee in Lima would cost 2 cents less under Kasich's tax proposal, leaving all other factors unchanged. Someone eating two burgers a week would save enough in 10 months to buy another burger. The price of take-out burgers would remain the same, however. That’s an important clarification that gives the statement a rating of .
Statement: Says U.S. Senate candidate Michelle Nunn was "handpicked" by President Barack Obama
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: October 7, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: bipartisanship;elections
Context: a U.S. Senate debate
Fact-check justification: So, where does that leave us with Perdue’s ? There is strong  that Democratic leaders – if not the president himself – made it clear that they preferred Nunn as the party’s nominee in Georgia. But Nunn’s stated opposition to some of Obama’s key policies supports the idea that she would not be a rubber stamp for the president.   Perdue has a point about Nunn’s selection by top Democrats. But it needs a lot of additional information to be fully understood. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Illinois has made a "nation-leading" investment in funding for Census outreach.
Speaker: jb pritzker
About the speaker: J.B. Pritzker is Illinois' 43rd governor and a former Chicago venture capitalist and entrepreneur.
Date: October 13, 2020
Location: illinois
Topics: census
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Pritzker said, "Earlier today, my administration announced an additional $1M in funding for Census outreach, on top of our historic & nation-leading $29M investment." While Illinois did not spend the most on Census outreach, it did rank in the top three among all other states. We rate Pritzker’s  as .  — The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: In the past, we have foolishly released hundreds and hundreds of dangerous terrorists, only to meet them again on the battlefield — including the ISIS leader, al-Baghdadi, who we captured, who we had, who we released.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 30, 2018
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: the 2018 State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "We have foolishly released hundreds and hundreds of dangerous terrorists, only to meet them again on the battlefield — including the ISIS leader, al-Baghdadi." Trump is overstating the number of prisoners released from Guantanamo, who were confirmed of re-engaging in some type of terrorist activity. That number is 122, not "hundreds and hundreds." He is also not entirely right that al-Baghdadi was "released" by the United States. The ISIS leader was was handed over to the Iraqi justice system, which released him some time later. We rate this  .
Statement: Elon Musk's account "is suspended on Twitter after backing out of $44B deal.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 9, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Musk’s verified Twitter account handle is his name, @elonmusk, and there’s no  he was suspended. Musk has been tweeting regularly, including a meme he shared on July 10 mocking Twitter’s legal threats.   An account with a similar-looking handle has been suspended: @eIonmusk with a capital "I" instead of a lowercase "l" in Musk’s first name. A suspension notice on the account’s page does not spell out why it was suspended, but Twitter takes action on accounts with  and deceptive identities. We rate claims that Musk’s account was suspended .
Statement: I've also offered a plan that can help (fix Social Security) that's supported by Robert Reich, secretary of labor previously, in a previous administration.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: October 6, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: social security
Context: an ABC News U.S. Senate debate
Fact-check justification: "I've said we'll have to increase legal immigration in order to secure the Social Security of boomers (otherwise, the ratio of working population to retirees gets too far out of whack), but don't recall saying anything more," Reich wrote to the National Review . In an ABC News debate, Crist said his plan to help preserve Social Security -- to have illegal workers earn a path to citizenship -- was supported by former Clinton labor secretary Robert Reich. But Reich hasn't taken a side on that issue. Reich proposes allowing increased legal immigration to add more workers for each retiree, which is different. We rate Crist's  .