chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Child care costs "in some states now exceed the average price tag for college tuition.
Speaker: donna howard
About the speaker: Donna Howard is a state representative from Austin.
Date: August 23, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: children;education;families
Context: a press conference by Austin Democrats
Fact-check justification: Howard said child care costs "in some states now exceed the average price tag for college tuition." State surveys and federal college tuition data suggest this contrast held in 2014 for around 20 to 30 states. The count varies depending on whether you focus on what's levied to care for a toddler or more costly infant care. We rate the statement .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/9e0b9020-295e-4071-9fac-386bc2843e79
Statement: Mike Huckabee raised taxes on dog groomers!
Speaker: spike the romney attack dog
About the speaker: Spike, a Yorkshire terrier that reportedly supports Mitt Romney, was the author of a letter to Iowa pet owners that attacked Mike Huckabee over tax policy.
Date: January 2, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a mailer from the Romney campaign to Iowans
Fact-check justification: Still, no bones about it, Spike makes a solid case. And Romney scores a funny jab. If you'd like to see the mailer, which is worth a peek, it's posted at the Washington Post blog "The Trail" here. But because Huckabee didn't sign the law, we can't say Huckabee himself put a tax on dog groomers. But he didn't stop it either, so we rule Spike's statement .
Statement: The truth is any oil that would be drilled could be sent to any other country in the world, reducing our use of foreign oil not by one single drop.
Speaker: bill nelson
About the speaker: Bill Nelson was first elected to the U.S. Senate from Florida in 2000. He lost re-election to Gov. Rick Scott in 2018. Nelson previously served in the Florida Legislature, Congress and as state Treasurer and Insurance Commissioner.
 
Date: June 11, 2009
Location: florida
Topics: environment;energy;foreign policy
Context: during a U.S. Senate debate
Fact-check justification: "Any port in the Gulf of Mexico." Nelson is right when he says that "oil that would be drilled could be sent to any other country in the world," because the federal legislation doesn’t now include any limits. But he doesn't offer the broader context. History shows that most domestic crude oil is used domestically. On the whole, we rate Nelson's  .
Statement: New business startups are at the lowest levels in 30 years.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: March 7, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: In 1977, SBA figures show, Americans started 563,325 businesses with employees. In 2009, despite an increase in the population, they started 403,765. And no previous valleys dipped so low. A spreadsheet from Shane shows that neither the rate nor number of startups since 1977 ever hit the most recent level. On the -O-Meter, Boehner's statement that new business startups are at the lowest levels in 30 years gets a rating of .
Statement: Multnomah County has faced "11 straight years" of cuts
Speaker: jeff cogen
About the speaker: Jeff Cogen is the chair of the Multnomah County Board of Commissioners. He founded the Portland Pretzel Co.
Date: February 4, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: county budget
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: And we recognize that the county is restricted by the cap on property taxes. But we can’t agree with the chairman’s statement that the county has had 11 years of cuts. The statement may be accurate, in that there were service cuts, but it leaves out important details, such as the rising dollars in its budget. We rate this . Comment on this item.
Statement: Florida's red flag gun law has been used "about five times a day.
Speaker: dave aronberg
About the speaker: Dave Aronberg is a former state senator from Palm Beach County who campaigned to be Florida Attorney General and was defeated in the Democratic Primary on Aug. 24, 2010. He was elected Palm Beach State Attorney in 2012.
Date: August 26, 2019
Location: florida
Topics: guns
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Aronberg said Florida’s red flag gun law has been used "about five times a day" since it was enacted about a year and a half ago. His math is correct. Between March 2018 and July 2019, there were about 2,400 risk protection orders issued statewide. That means people were prevented from having a gun temporarily, but we don’t know in total how many guns were surrendered. We rate this statement .
Statement: Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis "signs bill requiring Florida students, professors to register political views with (the) state.
Speaker: stephen king
About the speaker: Novelist Stephen King has published over 50 books since the early 1970s, starting with horror novel Carrie. He lives in Maine and Florida with his wife, novelist Tabitha King.
Date: July 6, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: corrections and updates;education;privacy issues
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: It remains to be seen whether future surveys will change, but DeSantis’ press secretary said the administration’s goal is to keep the survey anonymous and voluntary. We rate King’s statement .  UPDATE:   After we published this fact-check, Stephen King gave a statement   to CNN  on the matter: "I regret having posted the headline without being more confident the story was correct. Salon is usually more reliable. Twitter is a constant learning experience, and I will try to do better."
Statement: Indiana woman charged for mail in voter fraud, delivered 400 ballots with Democrat box pre-checked.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 10, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Reed was charged for sending voters pre-checked absentee ballot applications so that they would receive a ballot for the Democratic Party’s primary. Reed did not pre-check the actual ballots. She pleaded guilty to a felony election fraud charge. Voters eventually got new unmarked applications. We rate this post .
Statement: Republicans Chuck Grassley, John Boehner and John Mica flip-flopped on providing end-of-life counseling for the elderly.
Speaker: rachel maddow
About the speaker: Rachel Maddow is the host of MSNBC’s “The Rachel Maddow Show”. She formerly hosted a radio program of the same name on the defunct Air America network.
Date: August 14, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care;pundits
Context: the Rachel Maddow Show
Fact-check justification: To be clear: he voted for it for terminally ill people, and he's railing against it for all seniors, despite saying, 'You shouldn't have counseling at the end of life, you should have done that 20 years before." It's not only disingenuous for Sen. Grassley to deride measures he earlier supported as 'pull[ing] the plug on grandma,' it is rank hypocrisy for him to state that he has a particular objection to this counseling when it occurs at the actual end-of-life." We see her point, but it's clear to us from our interviews with experts that there's a distinct difference between the 2003 law and the 2009 bill. Yes, there's the appearance of inconsistency given the similar purpose for both bills, but the 2009 bill is more far-reaching than the 2003 law, which was focused narrowly on hospice patients. So we find Maddow's  that they flip-flopped to be .
Statement: Herman Cain is a "pro-choice candidate.
Speaker: iowans for some semblance of christian decency
About the speaker: Iowans for Some Semblance of Christian Decency is a group that distributed fliers attacking Herman Cain for his position on abortion in October 2011.
Date: October 22, 2011
Location: national
Topics: abortion;message machine 2012
Context: parking lot fliers outside an Iowa candidate event
Fact-check justification: The flier in Iowa called Cain a "pro-choice candidate" who "threw the babies under the bus" by making a statement about abortion being a personal choice. He explained himself by saying he was answering a question about presidential powers, not how he feels about the morality or legality of abortion. On that, Cain has been consistent for years -- consistently anti-abortion. We rate the  on the flier .
Statement: In Afghanistan "the (military) leadership has proposed a new medal, an award for 'Courageous Restraint' ... for 'NOT FIRING BACK.'
Speaker: allen west
About the speaker: Allen West announced in July 2021 that he is running for the Republican primary for Texas governor. He served for about a year as chairman of the Texas Republican Party, stepping down in June 2021. West represented Florida's 22nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013. Lieutenant Colonel West retired from the Army in 2004 after 22 years of service.
Date: May 16, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: afghanistan;military
Context: a blog on his campaign website
Fact-check justification: So where does that leave us? West said that "the leadership has proposed a new medal, an award for 'Courageous Restraint' ... for 'NOT FIRING BACK.' " It's clear that military commanders did discuss rewarding troops for "Courageous Restraint," but with existing medals, not a new medal. And military officials who talked to PolitiFact said it was an idea, not a formal proposal. Given those facts, we rule this .
Statement: People are handing out masks "doused with chemicals which knocks you out cold" so they can rob you.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 5, 2020
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Common sense advice would be not to try on masks offered by strangers. (And aren’t you supposed to be staying home anyway?) But we found no  would-be thieves were  actually doing what the post says.   There are no credible reports of people handing out masks doused with chemicals so they can rob passed-out victims. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: On COVID-19, Donald Trump said that "maybe if you drank bleach you may be okay.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: July 9, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;pennsylvania
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Biden said Trump said drinking bleach could help fight the coronavirus. Trump did not specifically recommend ingesting disinfectants, but he did express interest in exploring whether disinfectants could be applied to the site of a coronavirus infection inside the body, such as the lungs. We rate Biden’s  .
Statement: Those 30-, 40-year mortgages" prove that banks know climate change "is not going to happen.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: April 21, 2021
Topics: climate change;economy
Context: an Instagram video
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post shows a video of Peña in which he claims that climate change is not real, and cites as  the fact that lenders still offer 30-year mortgages in flood-risk areas like Florida. An overwhelming majority of the world’s scientists have concluded climate change is real and puts humans at risk. Financial institutions like Freddie Mac have also acknowledged climate change’s existence and the impact it will have on mortgage lending. Major banks have publicly acknowledged the threat and pledged to help mitigate it. We rate this .
Statement: China is or soon will be "the largest English-speaking nation" in the world.
Speaker: jon huntsman
About the speaker: Jon Huntsman was the governor of Utah from 2005 to 2009. He served as ambassador to China from 2009 to 2011. He is a Republican candidate for president in 2012. 
Date: July 26, 2011
Location: national
Topics: china;foreign policy;new hampshire 2012
Context: a speech at Dartmouth College
Fact-check justification: Would most Chinese with some knowledge of English really understand that last sentence? There is some  to Huntsman's underlying point that there is tremendous growth in English proficiency in China. But it's important to note there is a significant difference between English learners and speakers. The statistics and our interviews with experts indicate China is still far away from having the largest number of speakers. We rate his  .
Statement: Says a Josh Hawley lawsuit "would take away important prescription drug coverage for seniors through Medicare and end all of the consumer protections under the ACA.
Speaker: claire mccaskill
About the speaker: Claire McCaskill is a Democrat and a U.S. Senator from Missouri.
Date: August 23, 2018
Location: missouri
Topics: health care
Context: an op-ed for the Springfield News-Leader
Fact-check justification: McCaskill said that Josh Hawley's lawsuit "would take away important prescription drug coverage for seniors through Medicare and end all of the consumer protections under the ACA." McCaskill's claims about the lawsuit have a ring of  — Hawley's lawsuit would repeal the entire health care act and hence all of its consumer protections, including those for the doughnut hole. The Republican Congress has not passed any substitute health care plan to replace the act, so it is unclear if Hawley and his fellow Republican attorneys general would have a new system in place with consumer protections like those under the Affordable Care Act. We rate McCaskill's claims .
Statement: If they made no changes whatsoever, the [state employees pension] plan still had enough money to go forward for approximately the next 16 years.
Speaker: philip keefe
About the speaker: Philip Keefe is president of the Service Employees International Union, Local 580.
Date: November 13, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: pensions;retirement;state budget;unions;workers
Context: an appearance on 10 News Conference
Fact-check justification: Philip Keefe said that if no changes were made to the state pension plan, "the plan still had enough money to go forward for approximately the next 16 years." But the report he cites as  states a range of 8 to 12 years, not 16. And even that projection may be optimistic because the report assumes that the state will be making 6 percent to 8 percent on its investments, far higher that the rate of return over the last 10 years. His time frame is so far afield from the report he says he was citing, we rule his statement  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: During the last election, Democrats won over a million votes more than Republicans, but because of the way districts are designed, the Republicans got 33 more members of the House of Representatives than the Democrats did.
Speaker: lloyd doggett
About the speaker: Rep. Lloyd Doggett was initially elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994.
Date: November 4, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: bipartisanship;elections;redistricting
Context: a guest lecture
Fact-check justification: Doggett said Democrats won over a million votes more than Republicans in 2012 but because of the way districts are designed, Republicans got 33 more House seats. Democratic House nominees drew nearly 1.4 million more votes than Republicans and the GOP landed a 33-seat House majority.  Redistricting was a major factor in that result, but experts also diverge over whether how districts were designed was the key driver. Incumbency and the concentration of Democrats in congested cities also have been aired as significant. We rate Doggett’s statement, which lacks this clarification, as .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The cost-sharing reductions (were) a gift (that) they gave the insurance companies.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 16, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a White House cabinet meeting
Fact-check justification: Trump called the cost-sharing reductions payments a gift to insurance companies. In reality, the money pays the insurers for payments they make to health care providers. It is a pass-through. Every health care economist we reached said if the companies don’t gain any cash from the transaction, then there is no gift, no bailout or whatever term one might use. The one grain of  is that anything that makes insurance more affordable increases sales, even if by a small amount. We rate this  .
Statement: Says he represents or has represented about half the San Antonio-rooted district in which he seeks election.
Speaker: lloyd doggett
About the speaker: Rep. Lloyd Doggett was initially elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994.
Date: April 14, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;redistricting
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: This wrinkle seems believable, though we were unable to confirm as much from available legislative council data. All told, then, it’s evident that Doggett has represented 41 percent of the district he seeks to represent. It’s also plausible that he’s represented 45 percent. That’s approaching half. We rate his  .
Statement: If Barack Obama would apply for a job with the FBI or with the Secret Service, he would be disqualified because of his past associations with William Ayers.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: October 10, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: our inbox
Fact-check justification: In fact, Zaid said someone with Obama's record – a law degree from Harvard, teaching experience at the University of Chicago Law School – would be an excellent candidate. "The agencies would be fighting over him," Zaid said. "As an outright , this statement is ." We agree. It's .
Statement: We spent approximately $20-billion of that money on pork barrel, earmark projects. Maybe if we had done it right, maybe some of that money would have gone to inspect those bridges and other bridges across the country.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: August 4, 2007
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: a comment to a reporter
Fact-check justification: Bridge repair and bridge construction are authorized in the same bill. But of course, members of Congress would prefer to cut ribbons on new projects rather than see money go to less sexy repair projects. House Transportation and Infrastructure Chairman James Oberstar, D-Minn., recently unveiled a new plan to invest $65-billion immediately in replacing or repairing bridges. Rather than redirecting money in the highway bill, Oberstar has proposed establishing a dedicated fund for bridge repair. But raising that $65-billion within the federal budget would be a huge problem.
Statement: The Virginia population increased by just 8 percent from 2005 to 2015, but the per capita spending in the budget increased by a whopping 38 percent.
Speaker: virginia first foundation
About the speaker: The Virginia First Foundation is a conservative public interest group. It's interests, according to its website, are:
God-given individual rights. Especially, those enumerated in the Bill of Rights.
The Rule of Law.
Constitutionally-limited government.
Representative democracy in a federal Republic.
The Government of the United States limited by the U.S. Constitution.
Our sovereign state - Virginia, as a Commonwealth - with plenary powers.
The People are the sovereign of the Commonwealth – and delegate powers and authority to the Commonweatlh in our Virginia Constitution.
As the Virginia Constitution says – mutual duty of all to practice Christian forbearance, love, and charity towards each other – for religious tolerance. Let Virginia be the safest place to be a practicing Christian, Jew or non-believer.
The moral-ethical standards of our Judeo-Christian culture in Virginia.
The sanctity of life. Especially for the weakest of humans – the babies in the womb, the elderly and sick. 
The family – built on the marriage of one man and one woman.
Free market economics.
Protection of our environment – the land, water and air of Virginia.
Educating children about our common history, culture and citizenship.
Date: September 27, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: population;state budget
Context: a web video
Fact-check justification: The Virginia First Foundation says the state’s "population increased by just 8 percent from 2005 to 2015, but the per capita spending in the budget increased by a whopping 38 percent." The conservative group specifically faulted three GOP lawmakers for not holding the line. The population increase, we should note, is closer to 10 percent. In raw dollars, the increase in per capita spending is 46 percent - a little higher than the group says. But the group’s calculations omit some key factors. When adjusted for inflation, the per capita increase for the entire state budget falls to 21 percent. Even then, the figure still holds state lawmakers responsible for a major portion of the state budget over which they have little or no control. If we focus on the portion of the budget that legislators fully direct - the general fund - per capita spending in raw dollars increased by 20 percent from 2005 to 2015. When adjusted for inflation, it actually decreased by about 1 percent. So the foundation’s  is partially accurate but leaves out important details. That’s makes it .