chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Mitt Romney voted against convicting President Donald Trump because Burisma board member Joseph Cofer Black "is Romney's national security advisor" and because of ties to Obama CIA director John Brennan.
Speaker: committee to defend the president
About the speaker: The Committee to Defend the President is a political action committee that supports President Donald Trump's re-election.
Date: January 31, 2020
Topics: candidate biography;corrections and updates;foreign policy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says that Romney voted against convicting Trump because Burisma board member Joseph Cofer Black "is Romney’s national security advisor" and because of ties to Obama CIA director John Brennan. The meme mixes a few facts with several inaccuracies to make an unsupported assertion. Black was an advisor to Romney’s 2008 and 2012 campaigns, and according to Burisma’s website, he serves on the company’s board. However, we see no  that Black is still advising Romney eight years later, and the notion that Brennan is close to Romney is undermined by the fact that he was working for the Obama administration when Romney was trying to unseat Obama in the 2012 presidential race. All told, Romney’s public explanation about why he voted to convict in such an important case is clear and more plausible than a desire to protect an adviser from eight years ago. We rate the statement . CLARIFICATION, Feb. 10, 2020:  This article has been updated to clarify that Brennan was not working on Obama's 2012 campaign but was rather working for the Obama administration.
Statement: We need a Senator who shows up to work. Sherrod Brown missed over 350 official votes.
Speaker: josh mandel
About the speaker: Josh Mandel, a Republican from Lyndhurst, is a Marine veteran who served two tours in Iraq. He served as Ohio treasurer from 2011 to 2019.  Before that, he was a state representative from the 17th Ohio House District. He unsuccessfully challenged Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 US Senate race. Mandel is running for the GOP nomination for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat in 2022.
Date: September 13, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: message machine 2012;negative campaigning;voting record
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: It doesn’t mention those missed votes were spread over more than 19 years that includes Brown’s time in the U.S. House of Representatives and during that time more than 10,000 votes occurred. Brown’s voting attendance record throughout his congressional career - including time missed because of car crash injuries - is actually 96.5 percent. As a U.S. Senator, his attendance record is nearly 99 percent. Knowing those facts, and that Brown missed 351 out of 10,074 votes since January of 1993, would give a listener a different impression. On the -O-Meter, the  in the Mandel campaign ad rates .
Statement: Palin "stopped the Bridge to Nowhere.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: September 8, 2008
Location: national
Topics: transportation
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: So, no, Palin wasn't the only one who stopped the bridge. The project was facing nationwide opposition and the state, which could have built the bridge anyway, had already spent much of the money on higher priorities. Palin didn't kill it, she just performed the last rites. And the ad is  because it cites a newspaper article that doesn't provide any  that the boast is accurate. So we rate the  in the ad to be .
Statement: Tax increases under Michigan Gov. Jennifer Granholm led to state unemployment going from 6.8 percent to 15.3 percent.
Speaker: raul labrador
About the speaker: Raul Labrador, a Republican, was elected in 2010 to represent a district in Idaho in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Date: July 31, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;state budget;states;taxes
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Even though Labrador ignored the revised numbers, we consider his recap of the arc of Michigan unemployment to be fair. However, while higher taxes may have boosted unemployment on the margins, most of the available  suggests that Michigan’s rise in unemployment tracked the course of the national recession, simply to a greater degree, given the weakness of the state’s signature manufacturing sector. The experts we spoke to agreed that the impact of tax policy likely played a relatively minor role in the unemployment spike Labrador was referring to in 2008 and 2009. We rate his statement .
Statement: Unlike you and me, Congress gets to keep up to $11,000 a year in taxpayer subsidies" under Obamacare.
Speaker: karen handel
About the speaker: Karen Handel is the former secretary of state of Georgia. She is also the former chair of the Fulton County Board of Commissioners. Handel, a Republican, lost the runoff for the GOP nomination for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: September 6, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: Millions of Americans could get them, based on their incomes. Members of Congress and the high-paid members of their staffs are unique in one important sense. They far exceed the income caps put on the subsidies for average Americans. Handel’s statement is partially accurate, but it needs a lot of context to be fully understood. We rate this statement as .
Statement: When Mitt Romney was governor, Massachusetts lost 40,000 manufacturing jobs, a rate twice the national average, and fell to 47th in job creation, fourth from the bottom.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 4, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: New Hampshire and around the U.S
Fact-check justification: Obama used accurate figures for the number and rate of manufacturing job losses in Massachusetts under Romney. He also gives the correct ranking for Massachusetts’ job creation during Romney’s tenure. But Obama exaggerated Romney’s impact on the Bay State job market, an impact that experts stress is minor at best. Also, it's important to note that the the manufacturing job loss under Romney (11.3 percent) was slower than it was in either the previous four-year period (16.7 percent) or the successive four-year period (15.1 percent). This weakens the Obama campaign’s argument. So just as PolitiFact did with the individual claims, we rate this version .
Statement: Photo shows Nicole Kidman reacting to Will Smith slapping Chris Rock.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 27, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The photo was taken by Los Angeles Times photographer Myung Chun . Vulture reported that it was posted to Getty Images hours before the altercation between Smith and Rock happened, during the untelevised first hour of the ceremony.   Chun told Vulture that Kidman appeared to be excited to spot actress Jessica Chastain across the room when she reached out her arms and waved to her with both hands.   "Shortly thereafter, Chastain walked over to greet Kidman and her husband Keith Urban," Chun told Vulture. We rate this post .
Statement: I deployed the Texas National Guard" to the Texas-Mexico border. "And the policy worked; apprehensions at the border declined 74 percent.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: June 4, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;criminal justice;crime
Context: his speech declaring his candidacy for president
Fact-check justification: Perry said: "I deployed the Texas National Guard" to the Texas-Mexico border. "And the policy worked; apprehensions at the border declined 74 percent." His statistic holds up, but Perry didn’t provide nor did we find proof the decrease resulted from the Texas surge. To be specific, Border Patrol apprehensions in the targeted part of the border region declined more than 70 percent through the second half of 2014. Unproven, however, is why that happened--and Perry’s statement crediting the Texas deployment ignored potentially substantive factors such as the Border Patrol staffing up, Mexico cracking down and, perhaps, a typical summer-to-winter flux. Proving the "policy worked" also is hindered by a lack of consensus on how to measure border security. This weakness similarly would apply, say, if President Barack Obama said the drop in apprehensions showed administration policies worked. We rate this statement .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Ohio Gov. John Kasich is "very unpopular.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 13, 2018
Location: ohio
Topics: elections;polls and public opinion
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said in a tweet that Kasich is "very unpopular." Polls have consistently shown that Kasich has had a positive approval rating for years. His current approval rating in Ohio is 52 percent approval, with 36 percent disapproval. We rate this  .
Statement: On Lee Fisher's watch, "almost nine out of 10" jobs that Ohio lost were lost to other states, "not to other countries.
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: September 14, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: economy
Context: an appearance at The Plain Dealer
Fact-check justification: It lost 1,125 more when companies closed operations in one part of the state but relocated elsewhere in Ohio. And it lost 842 jobs when companies moved operations abroad. This is out of 264,016 jobs counted as lost altogether in this particular series of reports -- reports that ODJFS spokesman Ben Johnson say capture just "a subset" of all layoffs. When a statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, the -O-Meter says it is . That’s how we find Portman’s : accurate in a narrow context but needing clarification, and so, .
Statement: We're spending 18 percent of our GDP on healthcare while the average among industrialized countries is closer to 8 percent.
Speaker: mike gallagher
About the speaker: Republican Mike Gallagher of Green Bay was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in November 2016. He is the senior global market strategist at Breakthrough Fuel, a Green Bay supply chain fuel management company. Gallagher previously served as a human intelligence and counterintelligence officer in the U.S. Marine Corps. He was a foreign policy aide to GOP Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker's 2016 presidential campaign.  
Date: July 9, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;health care;public health
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Gallagher said "We're spending 18 percent of our GDP on health care while the average among industrialized countries is closer to 8 percent." His number for the U.S. spending is on target, but the one he uses for other industrialized nations is a bit low. That said, he's right about his major point: The U.S. has long outspent industrialized nations on health care -- a trend that began long before the implementation of Obamacare. We rate Gallagher's  .
Statement: Any votes counted after midnight" on Election Day in Michigan "are fraud.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 4, 2020
Location: michigan
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Workers who have been counting them throughout the night continue to count them today," she said.   By about 8 p.m. that day, all of Michigan’s votes had been tabulated, Benson said, and counties were in the final stages of reporting them out for the canvassing process to begin, the Detroit Free Press reported .     We rate this Facebook post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Says Bill White is for gay marriage.
Speaker: republican party of texas
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Texas says it promotes a conservative government philosophy in the Lone Star state.
Date: December 2, 2009
Location: texas
Topics: lgbtq;marriage
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: "As mayor, I avoid commenting on state and federal laws and policies I do not influence. I intend to vote 'no' on the proposed state constitutional amendment to protest its use as a wedge issue," White told Houston's GLBT Political Caucus Political Action Committee, according to a 2005 Houston Chronicle article that the Republican Party's video ad cited as  of his support for gay marriage. Now that he's running for governor, White told the Dallas Voice that he intends "to represent all Texans, and I expected to be attacked for this." But that isn't the same as championing same-sex marriage. We find the Republican Party's  .
Statement: In the U.S. Constitution, "there's a little section in there that talks about life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
Speaker: herman cain
About the speaker: Herman Cain is an author, columnist and talk radio host. Cain, a former pizza franchise CEO, ran for president as a Republican in 2012.
Date: May 21, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: history
Context: a speech announcing his presidential run
Fact-check justification: "No court makes a legal decision based on the Declaration of Independence," Wilkes said. With his first speech as a bona fide candidate, Cain joins a long, bipartisan line of presidential hopefuls who have succumbed to foot-in-mouth disease. They include Cain’s foe, President Barack Obama, who accidentally said there were 57 states during the 2008 campaign and U.S. Sen. John McCain, who said in an interview he was unsure how many houses he owned.    Welcome to the 2012 presidential election season, folks. Cain earns a .
Statement: America owns 3 percent of the world's oil but consumes 25 percent of its global reserves.
Speaker: gerry connolly
About the speaker: Gerald E. “Gerry” Connolly, a Democrat, has represented Virginia's 11th Congressional District in Congress since 2009. The district encompasses Fairfax County, Prince William County, and Fairfax City in Northern Virginia.
Connolly serves on the House Budget Committee, the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.
He is the Ranking Member of the Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations, which covers many key issues relating to Northern Virginia’s workforce and economy.  Connolly also serves on the Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Job Creation, and Regulatory Affairs.  He is a senior member of the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa and also serves on the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific.  
Connolly is vice-chair of the New Democrat Coalition, co-chairing its Technology, Education and Entrepreneurship Task Force, chair of the Smart Contracting Caucus, co-chair of the Sustainable Energy and Environment Caucus, co-chair of the Congressional Caucus on U.S.-Turkey Relations and Turkish Americans, co-chair of the Congressional Caucus on Korea, and co-chair of the Congressional Caucus on Taiwan.  
 Connolly received a B.A. in Literature from Maryknoll College in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, and a M.A. in Public Administration from Harvard University in 1979.
After graduating from Harvard, Connolly spent 10 years on the staff of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, where he handled numerous issues including oversight of international economic issues and policies concerning the Middle East and the United Nations.
 Connolly also worked in the non-profit and private sectors for organizations and companies involved in international trade, regulatory matters, and research.
Date: May 3, 2011
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: a House floor speech
Fact-check justification: That works out to 22 percent -- a little low, but once again, in the right ballpark. When we checked with Connolly’s office, they sent us a few documents with figures more in line with the ones the congressman had cited, but when we looked at them, we noticed that they cited statistics from between 1999 and 2004. So we’ll stick with our numbers. Bottom line: Connolly’s numbers are a little low because they are out of date, but his general point -- the U.S. consumes a disproportionate share of the world’s oil -- is valid. We rate his statement .
Statement: Obamacare "is the biggest job-killer in this country -- millions of Americans have lost their jobs, have been forced into part-time work.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: January 28, 2016
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: comments during the Iowa Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that Obamacare cost the country millions of jobs and had forced millions into working part-time. The government’s employment surveys show no sign of that occurring. By every measure, millions more people are working and millions fewer are stuck unwillingly in part-time work since the time the Affordable Care Act became law. The law might have affected part-time work for certain kinds of people, but that didn’t change the improvement in the overall numbers. Many of these numbers, especially the well-reported unemployment rate, are readily available and independent economic studies uncovered no sign that job growth has suffered at all under the new health care law.
Statement: Says the federal health care law upheld by the Supreme Court "has improved or saved the lives of more than 4,000 Texans" otherwise prevented from obtaining health coverage due to pre-existing conditions.
Speaker: becky moeller
About the speaker: Becky Moeller, head of the 235,000-member Texas AFL-CIO labor federation since 2007, became the first female statewide elected official  in the group in 2003 by becoming its secretary-treasurer, according to biographical information posted by the group. She announced in 2014 plans to step down in July 2015. Before coming to the Texas AFL-CIO, Moeller was president of the Communications Workers of America Local 6137, the Corpus Christi local representing workers at SBC (now AT&T), the entry says.
Date: June 28, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: health care
Context: a statement reacting to the Supreme Court decision upholding the law
Fact-check justification: Moeller’s count of the Texans benefiting from newly having insurance despite pre-existing conditions is a bit understated. And while there’s no certainty that every beneficiary saw their lives improved or saved, we agree that's a reasonable supposition. We rate the  .
Statement: 2004 video shows Anthony Fauci is ignoring science on natural immunity with regard to COVID-19.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 1, 2022
Topics: public health;science;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Social media users are using a 2004 video of Fauci praising the strength of natural immunity to influenza to suggest he’s ignoring that science when it comes to COVID-19. Fauci’s comments in that video were specific to a question from a woman who was suffering from influenza. COVID-19 is a different and more deadly virus, and there’s no reliable test that shows the durability of immunity from an infection. Regarding COVID-19, Fauci has also spoken positively about protection from natural immunity, but questioned its durability. He recommends, as does the CDC, that people also get vaccinated for added protection. We rate this  .
Statement: When Terry McAuliffe was governor, "Unemployment went down in every single county, including rural Virginia by nearly 50%.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: July 23, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Biden is right on the first part; each Virginia locality did see a drop in unemployment during McAuliffe’s term from 2014 to 2018. McAuliffe governed during boom years and unemployment rates fell in every state. The second part of Biden’s statement, that unemployment decreased by almost 50 percent in rural Virginia, is slightly inflated. It fell by 39%. On the whole, we rate Biden’s statement .