chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Before the presidential campaign, "I didn't know Steve (Bannon).
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 11, 2017
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: media comments
Fact-check justification: Trump said that before the presidential campaign, "I didn’t know Steve," referring to Steve Bannon. That’s contradicted by Trump’s own words and independent reporting. We rate this  .
Statement: A bill that could restrict free speech when the president is nearby was signed by President Barack Obama "in secret.
Speaker: andrew napolitano
About the speaker: Andrew Napolitano is a Fox News political commentator and legal analyst.
Date: March 15, 2012
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;transparency
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Napolitano said the law was signed "in secret." But the path of H.R. 347 to the president's desk was very public. It was introduced in public, discussed in public, voted on in public, and then signed the same way as most bills. The White House says it posted the bill on its web page for legislation awaiting the president’s signature. It’s  that there weren't cameras present, but if they had been, what would they have captured? That Obama signed the bill. That fact was announced by the White House the same day in a statement sent to thousands of journalists. There may be legitimate reasons to question whether the law infringes on constitutional rights. But there were many occasions during its public consideration when critics could have questioned lawmakers and the White House about the law. We rate the  .
Statement: COVID-19 vaccines caused a 40% increase in deaths identified by a life insurance company.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 4, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Posts suggested a 40% increase in deaths identified by a life insurance company was from COVID-19 vaccines, rather than from the virus.  Research indicates that COVID-19 is likely responsible for the increase, both directly and indirectly. There is no  to suggest the vaccines are to blame. We rate this  .
Statement: Kids coming from an affluent background" are "taking advantage of all these student loan programs and grants" while many middle-class families with no connection to college are picking up the tab.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: May 28, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;federal budget
Context: statement at a town hall meeting
Fact-check justification: Our rating Johnson said those "coming from an affluent background" are "taking advantage of all these student loan programs and grants" while many middle-class families with no connection to college are picking up the tab. In some cases, affluent people get a subsidized loan and based on repayment programs, some small portion hits the general fund. But then it’s picked by all taxpayers not simply the group Johnson mentioned -- middle class taxpayers with no ties to college. In short, he vastly overstates the problem on both ends and makes a link that he cannot clearly establish based on available data. We rate his  .
Statement: mRNA is not a vaccine" — it's "actually an operating system" that's run by Bill Gates to program humans.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 31, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Conspiracy theories accusing Gates of a nefarious coronavirus vaccination scheme have circulated since last spring. The Facebook video is  and . We rate it ! RELATED:   vaccine claims persist on Facebook, despite a ban. Here’s why
Statement: If someone is in a room that has measles and leaves and you walk in two hours later, you could get measles from that person.
Speaker: elizabeth cohen
About the speaker: Elizabeth Cohen is CNN's senior medical correspondent, reporting on breaking health news and special projects. In 2010, she published her book The Empowered Patient: How to get the Right Diagnosis, Buy the Cheapest Drugs, Beat Your Insurance Company, and Get the Best Medical Care Every Time.
Date: February 2, 2015
Topics: health care;public health;punditfact
Context: an interview with Anderson Cooper
Fact-check justification: Cohen said, "If someone is in a room that has measles and leaves and you walk in two hours later, you could get measles from that person." She is right. Measles is a highly contagious airborne disease, and the CDC gives this exact timeframe on its website. We rate her  .
Statement: Says that the new financial services law requires 358 regulatory filings.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: November 3, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: consumer safety;financial regulation
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Democrats cite a recent Gallup Poll to explain why Boehner said he’d exercise oversight over the financial services bill rather than seek its repeal. The poll found that six in 10 Americans approve of the legislation, in contrast to the majority that disapprove of 2009 economic stimulus package, the auto industry bailout, health care reform, and -- most of all -- the 2008 banking industry bailout. So, while Boehner’s 358 might not be right on the money, his underlying point is correct. The new law does create a lot of new regulations for the financial services industry. We find Boehner’s statement to be .
Statement: It's impossible for colloidal silver to turn you blue.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 17, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Although argyria doesn’t typically cause major health problems, the clinic said, "it can be a cosmetic concern because it does not go away when you stop taking silver products. "  Karason got the nickname "Papa Smurf" because of his skin’s blue tint, and earlier this year Snopes looked at claims that publicity surrounding his skin turning blue from colloidal silver was disinformation to scare people away from using it. Snopes declared that statement . Claims that colloidal silver can’t turn you blue are also . We rate them .
Statement: Says Nicole Galloway's campaign "is being bankrolled by the same extremists who want to defund our police.
Speaker: uniting missouri pac
About the speaker: Uniting Missouri PAC is a conservative political action committee in Missouri.
Date: September 2, 2020
Location: missouri
Topics: campaign finance;crime
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Uniting Missouri PAC’s ad claims that "Galloway’s campaign is being bankrolled by the same extremists who want to defund our police." At least one group, Indivisible, has been encouraging people to donate to Galloway’s campaign. However, to say the group is "bankrolling" her campaign when it hasn't directly contributed any money is . We rate this  .
Statement: Says he met a teacher in Dallas "who was only in his third year of teaching and already making more than $90,000 a year in salary.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: February 5, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Abbott said he met a teacher "who was only in his third year of teaching and already making more than $90,000 a year in salary." While Abbott met a teacher who was earning over $90,000 last year, the educator had more than three years of experience in the classroom. It’s possible for newer teachers at Dallas ISD to earn that much in one year, but only through bonuses and stipends paid on top of their base salaries. We rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.
Statement: Pollsters say "don't actually believe our own data" and Gallup stopped primary polling "because they don't trust their methodology.
Speaker: steve deace
About the speaker: Steve Deace hosts a show on the conservative Blaze TV streaming network. 
Date: October 8, 2015
Topics: polls and public opinion;punditfact
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "News Nation"
Fact-check justification: Deace said pollsters are warning people not to trust their results and that Gallup doesn’t trust its methodology. The articles he cited actually were more specific than he suggested. Pollsters did say that surveys can’t be used with surgical precision to separate the wheat from the chaff in the crowded Republican field. But that’s in response to broadcasters who have counted on polls to decide who should appear in debates. As for Gallup, a news article implied that concerns over methodology drove its decision to stop tracking the primaries, but the editor-in-chief at Gallup didn’t say that and in fact, he expressed confidence in the firm’s techniques. It’s costing more and more to do polling well, and state-level polls, which are the ones Deace had in mind, face the biggest challenges. But overall, Deace exaggerated what pollsters have said. We rate this  .
Statement: Photos of Barack Obama golfing with bandaged fingers are proof of his involvement in Tafari Campbell's death.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 29, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claims that photos of Barack Obama golfing with bandaged fingers are proof of his involvement in Campbell’s death. But Massachusetts police said Campbell died in a paddleboard accident, and that his death wasn’t suspicious. Golfers, including Obama, often tape their fingers to prevent  blisters or split calluses. Photos from years past show Obama wearing tape on his hands while golfing.  We rate the  .
Statement: This is COVID-19, not COVID-1, folks. And so you would think the people charged with the World Health Organization facts and figures would be on top of that.
Speaker: kellyanne conway
About the speaker: Kellyane Conway is a White House counselor to President Donald Trump. Previously, she was a Republican strategist and pollster who served as campaign manager for Trump's 2016 presidential campaign.
Date: April 15, 2020
Location: national
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: an interview on "Fox & Friends"
Fact-check justification: Conway said, "This is COVID-19, not COVID-1," arguing that the WHO should have been better prepared to deal with the virus.  "People should know the facts," she added. We agree. The name of the disease caused by the coronavirus, COVID-19, doesn’t mean it’s the 19th in a series of similar coronaviruses. The 19 refers to the year it was discovered, 2019.  Conway made the  with a straight-face, but she later said she knew what the name meant. We rate her original statement .
Statement: Scientists have shown us (that) the greater possibilities, the real science movement, has been with adult stem cell research. It has not been with embryonic.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: October 12, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care
Context: a news conference with reporters
Fact-check justification: We’ve done enough research, however, to draw a conclusion about Walker’s . In supporting his views, Walker said scientists agree the most promising research is focused on adult stem cells, not embryonic stem cells. In supporting that , he selectively cites part of a statement by the National Institutes of Health. A broader look at the  shows the consensus among scientists is that embryonic stem cells hold great promise in treating diseases, in some ways may be superior to adult stem cells and are deserving of more research. We rate Walker’s  .
Statement: Barack Obama "wants to nearly double the capital gains tax" increasing taxes on "mutual funds, 401(k)s" for "policemen, firemen, nurses.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: April 20, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview on "This Week."
Fact-check justification: Additionally, most of the gains reported in 2005 — about 81 percent — were claimed by taxpayers making $200,000 a year or more, the top 2.7 percent of tax returns. We don't think of them as "policemen, firemen, nurses." So McCain is right on Obama's position, but he takes a lot of liberties in explaining the potential effects of an increase in the capital gains tax rate. Capital gains tax increases would not directly affect most working people saving for retirement. We find his statement to be .
Statement: I fought 38 Studios from the beginning.
Speaker: gina raimondo
About the speaker: Gina Raimondo served a four-year term as Rhode Island's general treasurer beginning in Jan. 4, 2011 before being elected governor in 2014. She cofounded and served as a general partner of Point Judith Capital. She is a graduate of Yale Law School and a Rhodes Scholar. She is married with two children.
Date: October 7, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: candidate biography;debates;economy;history;message machine 2014;state budget
Context: television commercial
Fact-check justification: Gina Raimondo says, "I fought 38 Studios from the beginning." It's clear Raimondo had concerns about the deal. But calling something "a gamble," saying a deal makes you "nervous" and urging someone to "proceed very carefully" signals opposition but doesn't rise to the level of fighting. We couldn't find -- and her campaign couldn't produce -- any  that she actively tried to block the 38 Studios loan or that she specifically told anyone in authority that the deal should be rejected. To say she "fought 38 Studios" is a big stretch. We rate her  as  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Says an NBC producer at the Olympics was caught on a hot mic saying "60% of people in this stadium will be dead within 10 days.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 25, 2021
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: NBC is broadcasting the Olympics in the United States.   Comedian Tim Dillon shared the video on his Twitter account on July 23, writing, "Man this is crazy. NBC employee fired after hot mic incident at Olympics. "  Some users are clearly in on the joke, like those commenting on a post in a forum that describes the video as the "greatest hot mic moment ever." But we rate claims that it’s real .
Statement: Kamala Harris Tried to Put Pro-Lifers in Jail Who Exposed Planned Parenthood Selling Baby Parts
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 14, 2020
Location: california
Topics: abortion;criminal justice;health care;crime
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Popular social media posts claimed Democratic vice presidential nominee Kamala Harris failed to prosecute Planned Parenthood for "selling baby parts," and went after two "pro-life journalists" instead.  It’s correct that Harris as California’s attorney general never brought charges against Planned Parenthood for this activity. But it’s also correct to say the accusations against the organization were unfounded. A dozen states, many led by Republican governors, investigated the Planned Parenthood after edited videos were released by anti-abortion activists, allegedly showing staffers discussing fetal tissue sales. The full video shows staffers discussed covering the cost of legal fetal tissue donations for medical research. No criminal findings were ever made. Harris was California attorney general when her office started investigating the activities of the anti-abortion activists. She had moved on to the U.S. Senate by the time charges were brought against them for violating state privacy laws.  In the end, we found these posts are  and their central premise is : Planned Parenthood was never found to have "sold baby parts."  We rate the claims .   – The statement is not accurate.
Statement: Says Missouri families' "earning power is about $5,000 less today than it was at the turn of the century.
Speaker: todd richardson
About the speaker: Todd Richardson, a Republican, represents part of Butler County in the Missouri House of Representatives. He was elected to his first two-year term in November 2010 and reelected in November of 2012 and 2014.
Date: January 10, 2016
Location: missouri
Topics: economy;income
Context: Missouri Politics"
Fact-check justification: Richardson largely got his numbers right when he said that Missouri’s families’ "earning power is less today than it was at the start of the century."  While his exact numbers could be off, the general trend holds up. The typical household is making less. We rate Richardson’s statement .
Statement: The Trans-Pacific Partnership "was designed for China to come in, as they always do, through the back door and totally take advantage of everyone.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 10, 2015
Location: national
Topics: china;trade
Context: the fourth GOP primary debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said the Trans Pacific Partnership "was designed for China to come in, as they always do, through the back door and totally take advantage of everyone." Not only is China not a part of the TPP, but the experts we talked to all agreed: The TPP isn’t exciting news for China. There’s a chance that China could join the TPP down the line, but not without robust changes to its economy. Until then, China doesn’t stand to gain much from having trade diverted to other countries. Trump can’t blame everything on China. We rate this statement !
Statement: Eliminating "Obamacare" ... "saves $95 billion a year.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 8, 2012
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care;new hampshire 2012
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Romney said repealing the health care law would save $95 billion a year. But that only accounts for outlays in one year, 2016. Because of the revenue sources that the law established, repealing it actually adds significantly to the deficit over the long haul, according to the CBO. We rate Romney’s statement .
Statement: In Pennsylvania, President Barack Obama's policies have increased unemployment 19 percent, led to the loss of 37,900 manufacturing jobs, and left 189,000 more people in poverty.
Speaker: republican national committee
About the speaker: The Republican National Committee is the national arm of the Republican Party.
Date: November 30, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;message machine 2012;poverty;states
Context: a Web video
Fact-check justification: This may not offer much solace for the Obama camp -- it’s hard to crow, "The Pennsylvania manufacturing sector eroded more slowly on our watch than it did under our predecessor!" -- but we do think it’s important context to point out. Our rating The ad gets all of its numbers right, but it overreaches by holding Obama fully accountable for these trends. In particular, the RNC’s manufacturing jobs statistic ignores both a decades-long national and state decline in manufacturing jobs and the fact that the rate of manufacturing job losses in Pennsylvania during Obama’s presidency was slower than the rate of job losses under his predecessor, George W. Bush. On balance, we rate the  .