chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says a photo shows Pamela Karlan reacting to Hillary Clinton's presidential defeat.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 5, 2019
Topics: elections;impeachment;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But the person in the image is actually Janna DeVylder , who was photographed at an election party in Australia that year.   The Des Moines Register reported in January 2017 that DeVylder grew up in Iowa and was living and working in Sydney when Clinton lost to Trump. She had voted absentee for Clinton. The picture of her watching election results quickly became a meme, and she was derided online as the "poster child for the mentally insane Hillary snowflakes. "  We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Joe Biden wrote the Violence Against Women Act ... the rate of domestic violence went down dramatically.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 23, 2008
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: Springfield, Ill
Fact-check justification: A case can be made that domestic violence rates might have dropped without passage of the VAWA. There are, however, some solid reasons to think Biden's law made a difference. A study by the University of Arkansas, for instance, concluded in 2000 that the law's increased funding for civil legal assistance for victims contributed to the decline. Though that study also said economic and demographic factors mattered. Obama never said the law caused all of the decrease, but he implied it, so we will rate this statement .
Statement: Says President Donald Trump's travel ban could ban Somalis "from getting relief (from famine) through coming to the United States.
Speaker: keith ellison
About the speaker: Keith Ellison is a Democratic congressman from Minnesota, representing a district that includes all of Minneapolis and portions of two neighboring counties. In 2017, Ellison became the deputy chair of the Democratic National Committee.
Date: March 7, 2017
Topics: global news service;immigration;foreign policy
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: Ellison said that people threatened by famine in Somalia could be banned from getting relief through coming to the United States due to Trump administration visa and refugee restrictions. The problem with this  is that the famine has little to no bearing on Somali refugee status. Somalis can't apply for refugee status because of famine or drought, experts say.  Ellison's statement has an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  .
Statement: 70 percent of Americans believe that we are on the wrong path.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: February 22, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;polls and public opinion
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: His team backed up this statement with reliable poll results from the Associated Press. But many other polls reported a lower number, closer to 60 percent. What’s more, the percent of Americans who think the country is on the  track has hovered above 60 percent for the last three years. This statement is accurate but needs additional information or context. That’s our definition of .
Statement: Says Vice President Kamala Harris called the unvaccinated "dirty Trump people.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 7, 2021
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Real Raw News includes a disclaimer on its "About Us" page that tells readers its website contains "humor, parody and satire." "Information on this website is for informational and educational and entertainment purposes," the disclaimer reads. "This website contains humor, parody, and satire. We have included this disclaimer for our protection, on the advice of legal counsel." We rate this !
Statement: Says Donald Trump's proposed tax treatment of hedge fund managers "makes the current loophole even worse.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 21, 2016
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Clinton said Trump’s proposed tax rate for hedge fund managers "makes the current loophole even worse." She has a point. By setting a lower tax rate for income from business partnerships, Trump’s tax plan would benefit many hedge fund managers. Though the plan would cut tax rates for middle-class families as well, the cuts that would apply to most hedge fund managers are steeper and their resulting tax rate is lower. Trump promised that his tax plan would roll back advantages for hedge fund managers. Instead, in most cases, it would improve their position. We rate the statement .
Statement: Because of omicron, "the Biden administration has decided to leave the U.S. southern border completely open.
Speaker: the gateway pundit
About the speaker: The Gateway Pundit is a conservative website.
Date: November 26, 2021
Topics: immigration;facebook fact-checks
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: Homeland Security announced July 26 that it would quickly turn back migrant families that immigration officials determine do not qualify for asylum during a fast-tracked screening process. On Dec. 2, after the Gateway Pundit article was posted, the Biden administration announced it would reimplement the Migrant Protection Protocols. Also known as Remain in Mexico, the Trump-era policy required people seeking asylum without proper documentation to wait in Mexico for their immigration court date. The U.S. would also send migrants back to Mexico while their asylum claims are considered. The  that the U.S.-Mexico border is completely open is .
Statement: President Barack Obama attended  "an Islamic madrassa.
Speaker: pat robertson
About the speaker: Marion Gordon (Pat) Robertson is a conservative Christian businessman, broadcaster, educator and former Southern Baptist minister. He is chairman of the Christian Broadcast Network and CEO of Regent University in Virginia Beach, Va.
He was born in 1930 in Lexington, Va., the son of Willis Robertson, a long-serving U.S. senator. He received a B.A. in history from Washington & Lee University and a law degree from Yale University. Robertson founded CBN in 1960 and became host of The 700 Club, a Christian news broadcast. He founded CBN University in 1977 and it was reneamed Regent University in 1989. In 1988, he unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for president.
Date: June 27, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: education;islam
Context: a TV broadcast
Fact-check justification: Robertson said Obama attended an "Islamic madrassa." The Congressional Research Service notes that madrassas are Islamic religious schools and in recent years sometimes have been defined as breeding grounds that promote Islamic extremism and terrorism. Robertson plays bait-and-switch with definitions. He says the president attended an "Islamic madrassa" while accusing him of being weak on terrorism, protective of Islamic nations, and viewing the U.S. as "an oppressor."  He dials it back when pressed for details, noting that madrassa, in Arabic, simply means "school." Robertson has a slight leg to stand on in that Obama, as a child in Indonesia, went to a public school where a majority of the students were Muslim. In a 2004 memoir, Obama described it as a "Muslim school." And the future president, as part of the curriculum, spent two hours a week in classes about Islam. But Robertson doesn’t tell his viewers the larger part of the story: The school was non-sectarian; it celebrated Christian and Islamic holidays; and that the school offered separate religion classes where Muslim and Christian students could learn about their faiths. So we rate Robertson’s  statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/604c3bd5-ce40-4a99-ab56-76cc73b7713f
Statement: Says he "fought against $3 billion in cuts to public education since 2003.
Speaker: dubose porter
About the speaker: DuBose Porter, a Democrat, was a longtime state legislator in Georgia and newspaper executive.
Date: June 10, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: for DuBose Porter's gubernatorial campaign
Fact-check justification: If you think it is a cut, you might believe the $3 billion number is correct because if the state fails to follow the QBE formula, they're shortchanging schools. Or you might think the formula is bunk and that it's important to give the state credit for increasing the overall amount by about $1 billion. Porter has consistently objected to what he saw as cuts to k-12 education that were the result of QBE funding shortfalls. He did so aggressively, calling out the governor by name. We rate Porter's statement .
Statement: It cost taxpayers $120,000 to fly Nancy (Pelosi) to get her hair done.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 3, 2020
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a text post
Fact-check justification: In 2010, we also debunked claims of Pelosi raking up a $100,000 bar tab on her plane rides. Each member of Congress receives a budget called the Members’ Representational Allowance, which covers "official office expenses" including "travel between a member’s district or state and Washington, D.C." Members who live in districts far from Washington, such as Pelosi, get a little more than members who live closer to the capital. We could find no  that Pelosi’s day at the salon cost taxpayers more than $100,000. The Facebook post makes an  . We rate it .
Statement: In Georgia, "hard-earned lottery dollars are doled out to the scion[s] of wealthy families.
Speaker: rainbow/push coalition
About the speaker: The Rainbow PUSH Coalition is a civil rights organization founded by Jesse Jackson. It is based in Chicago.
Date: October 28, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Still, it’s not fair to suggest that the program takes from the poor and gives to the rich, or the "scion[s] of wealthy families," as Rainbow/PUSH said. Middle-income families are among the program’s greatest beneficiaries. Lower-income and poor families do receive a notable share of the scholarships. Rainbow/PUSH is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. That’s our definition for .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "gave up 20 percent of America's uranium supply to Russia.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 28, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: energy;foreign policy;military;nuclear
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: The reference is to Russia’s nuclear power agency buying a controlling interest in a Toronto-based company. That company has mines, mills and tracts of land in Wyoming, Utah and other U.S. states equal to about 20 percent of U.S. uranium production capacity (not produced uranium). Clinton was secretary of state at the time, but she didn’t have the power to approve or reject the deal. The State Department was only one of nine federal agencies that signed off on the deal, and only Obama had the power to veto it. For a statement that contains only an element of , our rating is . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/cbdc6c17-60c1-4ca0-b4e9-84c404095d12
Statement: The conservative proposal to replace the Affordable Care Act "lowers premiums by giving New York the freedom to end Obamacare's costly and ridiculous rules.
Speaker: club for growth
About the speaker: The Club for Growth is an anti-tax group.
Date: April 15, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: health care
Context: an ad aired on radio and television
Fact-check justification: An ad from conservative group Club for Growth says a new plan to replace the Affordable Care Act "lowers premiums by giving New York the freedom to end Obamacare’s costly and  rules." That is literally , but ignores that New York state already enforces most of the same insurance regulations at the state level. There’s an element of  in its , but it would take major actions at the state level to become a reality. That is unlikely. So we rate the  .
Statement: Says Debbie Wasserman Schultz "going to mental hospital after what she did overnight desperate to escape arrest.
Speaker: us daily news 24
About the speaker: USDAILYNEWS24 is a right-wing website that compiles reports from other websites and news outlets. 
Date: July 28, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: congress;fake news;crime
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: A US Daily News 24 article headline states ,"Wasserman Schultz going to mental hospital after what she did overnight desperate to escape arrest." While there are some statements in the article itself which are accurate -- including that a man who did IT work for her was arrested -- there is no  to support the headline. The article contains no information to prove that she is going to a mental hospital, only allegations that she is an "absolute wreck." There is also no  in the article that she has tried to escape arrest. The U.S. Capitol Police said in February that no members were under investigation. We rate this headline .
Statement: Says COVID-19 came to the United States in 2019.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 12, 2020
Topics: china;corrections and updates;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But current  indicates that COVID-19 originated in China in November and has since spread around the world.   We rate these posts . Correction, March 19, 2020: An earlier version of this post had an  date for when the first COVID-19 case was reported to the World Health Organization from Wuhan, China. The story has been updated.
Statement: Mexico is "now rated the number one most dangerous country in the world.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 18, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;crime
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted that Mexico is "now rated the number one most dangerous country in the world." That is the case for journalists, according to two groups that track retaliatory murders. But it is not  for the risk to the broader public, which is not mentioned or clarified in Trump’s Twitter feed. Experts offered homicide measures as the best measure of a country’s security. By that token, Mexico ranked 10th in the United Nations’ homicides measures in 2015. Mexico’s homicide count reached a record peak last year, according to government statistics. While certainly a cause for concern, that’s doesn’t make Mexico the "number one most dangerous country." We rate this statement .
Statement: Says a photo from JFK airport shows "our troops leaving to protect each one of us and our country.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 5, 2020
Topics: iran;military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: One Facebook account, apparently frustrated with the misinformation, posted the image on Jan. 5 with this note: "Stop sharing this photo saying soldiers leaving for Iran this is a photo of basic training soldiers returning from holiday leave. There is a drill sergeant directly in the middle. "  The Facebook post we’re checking here gives a different impression, and leads users to believe these soldiers are being deployed overseas. It also names the  airport.   We rate it .
Statement: Says President Donald Trump "has signed more laws cutting through federal red tape than any president in American history and has already saved businesses and families up to $18 billion in red tape costs every year.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: July 18, 2017
Location: national
Topics: financial regulation;government regulation;regulation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Pence said Trump "has signed more laws cutting through federal red tape than any President in American history and has already saved businesses and families up to $18 billion in red tape costs every year."   Whether Trump has signed more laws cutting red tape depends upon how you count legislation. Trump did sign a record number of laws rolling back regulations under the Congressional Review Act, but that’s not the only way to count deregulatory action. Also, Pence is counting eggs before they hatch in using an $18 billion estimate of total savings. The deadlines for compliance for most of the measures he annulled had yet to go into effect, and the fate of many of the executive actions that would back past regulation remains unclear. We rate this statement .
Statement: When he worked for AT&T, he "was responsible for large parts in a $5 billion organization.
Speaker: john albers
About the speaker: John Albers is running as a Republican for state Senate in District 56, which covers the Roswell area.
Date: April 27, 2010
Location: georgia
Fact-check justification: Only this final description squared with Lucent employment records. In response, Albers said PolitiFact Georgia focused too closely on one word—“large”—and re-asserted that he played a significant role at AT&T. He added that we were giving too much credence to attacks made by his opponents and their backers. Albers' claims that he was part of the billionaire-dollar business executive set were wishful, at best. We rate his statement .
Statement: Mitt Romney boasts that he is "proud to be the only major candidate for president to sign the tax pledge. The others have not.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 16, 2007
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: Every Republican candidate since 1988 has signed the pledge, according to the group. But so far in the 2008 contest, other top GOP presidential contenders have not, including Rudy Giuliani, Fred Thompson and John McCain. Romney has opposed a pledge in the past. In 2002, while running for governor of Massachusetts, he said he opposed all tax increases in principle but was not willing to put that in writing. His spokesman at the time called such pledges "government by gimmickry."
Statement: Says John James "wants to allow insurance companies to discriminate against people with preexisting conditions.
Speaker:  afscme
About the speaker: AFSCME, the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, is the largest public employee and health care workers union in the United States.
Date: June 18, 2020
Location: michigan
Context: an attack ad
Fact-check justification: The attack ad against James claims he "wants to allow insurance companies to discriminate against people with preexisting conditions." This  misstates James’ stated positions on health care. James has called for repealing and replacing the ACA. He has not indicated his support for a specific health care reform package. James has not held elective office and so has never had to take a vote on Republican proposals to replace the ACA that would weaken protections for people with preexisting conditions achieved through the ACA. James has said many times that he supports a health insurance system that covers and protects people with preexisting conditions. His critics have a legitimate point that he could provide more detail on how he’d achieve that position, but this ad goes too far in stating that James supports allowing insurance companies to deny coverage on the basis of preexisting conditions. We rate this  .