chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: State Sen. Emmett Hanger "has voted for the three largest tax increases - proposed tax increases - in Virginia history.
Speaker: tina freitas
About the speaker: Tina Freitas is a candidate for the Virginia Senate in 2019, challenging incumbent Emmett Hanger in a Republican primary. They are running in the 24th District, which stretches from Staunton through Culpeper County.
Freitas is a social and fiscal conservative who has been an active volunteer for Republican causes. She is married to state Del. Nick Freitas, R-Culpeper.
 
 
 
Date: April 8, 2019
Location: virginia
Topics: taxes
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Freitas says Hanger "has voted for the three largest tax increases - proposed tax increases - in Virginia history." Her list of the largest proposals is flawed and, in one instance, misrepresents Hanger’s up-or-down votes. Hanger’s record on taxes is nuanced; sometimes backing increases, sometimes opposing them. Of the three largest tax-hike proposals since 1966, Hanger voted for one, against one, and wasn’t in office when one was considered. So we rate Freitas’  .
Statement: Says that Rick Santorum "voted for the unions over FedEx.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: February 27, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: corporations;labor;voting record
Context: Nashville
Fact-check justification: Santorum took three votes on the 1996 FAA reauthorization act, all three of some interest to FedEx, and Gingrich is correct that on the one vote with a direct connection to the provision FedEx wanted, Santorum voted against its wishes. However, Santorum voted for the entire FAA reauthorization act, and the union with the most to gain in the procedural brouhaha with FedEx does not believe Santorum’s vote had anything to do with supporting the labor cause. We rule this  .
Statement: We also know (the Sierra Club) paid for those reporters" at the Palm Beach Post.
Speaker: nikki fried
About the speaker: Nikki Fried is the chair of the Florida Democratic Party and Won't Back Down political action committee. Fried lost the Democratic primary for Florida governor in 2022. Previously, she served as the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Commissioner. Before that, she worked as a lawyer and marijuana lobbyist and as the head of the felony division of the Alachua County public defender. 
Date: August 14, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: environment
Context: a campaign event
Fact-check justification: The Palm Beach Post and Sierra Club rebutted Fried's accusation about the newspaper's coverage of sugar cane burning. An article highlighted by Fried's office did not uncover such a link, relying instead on a chain of association with no direct financial relationship. Fried suggested unfavorable coverage was a result of journalistic corruption. Her  is not only  but . !
Statement: New autopsy reports suggest Jeffrey Epstein most likely died from COVID-19 complications.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 20, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In October, a forensic pathologist hired by Epstein’s brother claimed that the  suggested Epstein didn’t commit suicide and may have been strangled. The findings were disputed by the city’s chief medical examiner, who stood by her office’s report. On Jan. 5, 2020, "60 Minutes"  reported on photographs from inside Epstein’s cell that "possibly raise more questions" about his death.   But we found nothing credible tying Epstein’s death to the coronavirus.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: 94 percent of winning candidates in 2010 had more money than their opponents.
Speaker: occupy wall street
About the speaker: Occupy Wall Street is a protest movement against high profits in the financial-services industry and economic inequality. It began with the occupation of Zuccotti Park in lower Manhattan in September 2011.
Date: October 5, 2011
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;occupy wall street
Context: a sign at an Occupy Wall Street protest
Fact-check justification: The protester has a point: Even in the relatively atypical year of 2010, a large majority of contests for congressional and state legislative races were won by candidates who spent the most money, and the 94 percent mark was reached in federal races in 2006 and nearly again in 2008. Still, the sign’s figures were off. In 2010 -- which is not only the most recent election year but also the year specifically cited in the sign -- the percentage of big-money winners in U.S. House races was actually 85 percent, or nine points lower. And the percentages of U.S. Senate seats and state legislative seats won by the deeper-pocketed candidate have been consistently lower in recent election cycles. On balance, we rate the statement .
Statement: Texas is one of only a handful of states that does not have an equal pay law.
Speaker: wendy davis
About the speaker: Wendy Davis, a Fort Worth attorney, was initially elected to the Texas Senate in 2008. She was the 2014 Democratic gubernatorial nominee, giving up a shot at winning re-election to the Senate.
Date: March 14, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: economy;history;legal issues;states;women
Context: an interview with Texas Monthly
Fact-check justification: Davis said: "Texas is one of only a handful of states that does not have an equal pay law." Texas might not have the strongest laws against pay discrimination. But two anti-discrimination laws exist, one limited to state employees and the other to people working for larger businesses. We rate this  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Mitt Romney has "a pro-choice record.
Speaker: log cabin republicans
About the speaker: The Log Cabin Republicans are an advocacy group that wants the Republican Party to be more inclusive on gay and lesbian issues.
Date: October 19, 2007
Location: national
Topics: abortion
Fact-check justification: The sly TV ad from the Log Cabin Republicans merely states, "A pro-choice record," leaving out a verb like "has" or "had." The ad could do a better job at pointing out that Romney no longer stands by his pro-choice record, but it doesn't want to. The whole point is to shine a light on where Romney once stood on abortion. His record on abortion is not entirely pro-choice, given his current position opposing abortion rights. That's why we find this attack .
Statement: Says the Panhandle has had its highest-ever bed tax collections in 2011.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: September 14, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: economy;oil spill;tourism
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: Scott stated: "We've got I think the highest bed tax ever in the history of state in the Panhandle this year." The bed tax collections have set records but that isn't the only measure of how hotels or other businesses dependent on tourists are faring -- the occupancy and average daily rate for hotels have been higher in past years although those sets of data come with their own caveats, too. And those bed tax collections will likely decline after the positive spinoff effects of the BP marketing dollars fade in future years. We rate this  .
Statement: In 1968 "the average corporate CEO made 20 times the average worker's pay. Today that multiple is about 350.
Speaker: jim webb
About the speaker: Jim Webb is running for president of the United States in 2016.
Webb, a Democrat, served as a U.S. senator from Virginia in 2007-13. He served as the first Assistant Secreatry of Defense for Reserve Affairs and Secretary of the Navy in the Ronald Reagan administration.
Webb is a 1968 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and served as a Marine Corps infantry officer until 1972 and saw action in the Vietnam War, for which he was awarded the Navy Cross, Silver Star, two Bronze Stars and two Purple Hearts.
Webb was born in Saint Joseph, Mo. He also has a law degree from Georgetown Law Center, Washington, D.C. He has written fiction and nonfictions books and won an Emmy award for his 1983 PBS coverage of the U.S. Marines in Beirut. He frequently writes opinion columns for many publications.
Date: September 23, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: corporations;workers
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Webb said that in 1968 the average CEO earned 20 times more than a typical worker, and today, the ratio is about 350 to 1. His numbers describing today’s ratio, while credible, are on the high side of research. Webb relies on a study by the AFL-CIO. EPI puts the figure at 300-to-1. Last year, Bloomberg pegged the ratio at 204-to-1. The University of Southern California put the ratio at 307-to-1 or 420-to-1, depending on how stock options are defined.   There’s no doubt about Webb’s main point: the gap between CEOs and workers has seismically expanded over the last half century. But there’s room to quibble over the numbers he uses. So we rate his  .
Statement: (My dad) used to campaign against the gas-guzzling dinosaurs.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 14, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: a TV interview on CBS
Fact-check justification: "Who wants to have a gas-guzzling dinosaur in his garage?" he told Time magazine in 1959, for a cover article that labeled George Romney "The Dinosaur Hunter." He is credited with coining the term, even though other automakers cast doubts on just how economical the Rambler really was. Still, the nickname, and the George Romney legend, took hold. It appeared in prominent obituaries after his death July 26, 1995. His youngest son, Mitt, gets it right.
Statement: After how hard you work and how much you pay in taxes, New York City ends up getting the money. I'm Chris Jacobs. I think it's time we have someone in Albany that's making sure our region gets our fair share
Speaker: chris jacobs
About the speaker: Chris Jacobs is a candidate for New York State Senate District 60. He currently serves as Erie County Clerk.
Date: September 1, 2016
Location: new york
Topics: taxes
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Jacobs implies the region is not getting its fair share. Data shows it’s getting more than its fair share in the state’s largest spending categories. There are a few categories in which New York City receives more than it puts in, but overall, the difference between how much is paid in taxes and how much is spent on services and projects benefits Western New York - not New York City. We rate this  as . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/324147a5-c7af-4d1b-9304-7a38f810cb0e
Statement: Odd fact for odd draft: No. 2 overall pick will earn more than the No. 1 pick due to no state tax in Florida. So 2 not so bad.
Speaker: adam schefter
About the speaker: Adam Schefter is an NFL reporter for ESPN.
Date: April 25, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: sports;taxes
Context: a tweet about the NFL Draft
Fact-check justification: ESPN’s Adam Schefter merged the worlds of the NFL and tax policy on the first day of the NFL draft when he said that No. 2 pick Luke Joeckel will take home more pay than No. 1 pick Luke Fisher because Florida has no state tax. When looking at income tax, Schefter is largely right. If the 2013 salaries hold at about their 2012 levels, which is part of new NFL rules, Joeckel is better off financially by being selected No. 2 by a Florida team than being picked No. 1 somewhere else. There are two caveats. First, the salaries of Joeckel and Fisher are not yet officially known. Also, there are some other ways to look at income that could affect the bottom for Joeckel and Fisher -- whether it be sales taxes or property taxes or overall cost-of-living. We rate Schefter’s  .
Statement: Says that over the last decade, the state's population grew three times faster than the Texas state tax system.
Speaker: mike villarreal
About the speaker: Mike Villarreal, a House member since 2000, resigned his seat on the cusp of the 2015 legislative session to run for mayor of San Antonio.
Date: January 7, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: an op-ed column
Fact-check justification: What a seminar. Our take: Villarreal’s analysis disregards that state revenue from all sources, in part due to increased federal aid, about matched population growth from 2000 through 2009. He also disregards property taxes, which are affected by legislative decisions. That said, his statement accurately compares population to state taxes, which are, as he said, the taxes lawmakers directly set. We rate the statement .
Statement: Glen Sturtevant is "against smaller class sizes.
Speaker: dan gecker
About the speaker: Dan Gecker, a member of the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors, is the 2015 Democratic nominee for the 10th District state Senate seat in Virginia.
Gecker served on the Chesterfield Planning Commission from 2000-2007 and subsequently has been elected to two terms on the Board of Supervisors.
Gecker holds a degree in economics from Princeton University and a law degree from the Marshall-Wythe School of Law at the College of William and Mary. He practiced tax and real estate law for over two decades. Gecker retired from the practice of law in 2004 to manage the tax credit syndication business he founded and to participate in the rehabilitation of historic structures.  
Date: September 25, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: education;voting record
Context: a campaign flier
Fact-check justification: Gecker says that Sturtevant, his opponent in the 10th District Senate race, "is against smaller class sizes."  He bases the  - almost a charge of apostasy against a School Board member -  on Sturtevant’s vote against the $271.5 million Richmond school budget for 2015-16. It contained $1.3 million to hire 17 new K-3 teachers. But a Times-Dispatch article Gecker cites to prove his  provides no  Sturtevant opposes smaller classes, nor does a video of the meeting at which Sturtevant cast his vote. What they show is that Sturtevant opposed the budget because it did not contain a 2 percent raise for teachers. Sturtevant did not mention class sizes in laying out his objection to the spending plan. He tells us he supports smaller class sizes. The Richmond school budget is a 262-page document. Sturtevant’s vote against the budget does not entitle Gecker to determine which of its countless line items Sturtevant opposed. There’s a burden on Gecker to prove that Sturtevant "is against smaller class sizes," and he comes up empty. We rate Gecker’s statement .
Statement: Says Travis County Commissioner Gerald Daugherty "claims to have taken a pay cut, but for 2016, he voted to raise his salary by 19.6 percent.
Speaker: jason nassour
About the speaker: Jason Nassour, an Austin lawyer and businessman, is a 2016 candidate for Precinct 3 Travis County commissioner.
Date: February 18, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;county budget
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Nassour said Daugherty "claims to have taken a pay cut, but for 2016, he voted to raise his salary by 19.6 percent." It looks to us like Daugherty initially opposed certain pay raises for 2016 including those penciled in for commissioners. Still, he later voted for the budget including the raises. However, he personally set his own increased salary at an amount some $8,400 less than the newly authorized salary for commissioners. His pay went up 3.2 percent, not nearly 20 percent. We rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: In barely four years in office, five jihadists have reached their targets in the United States under Barack Obama," compared to zero "in over seven years after 9/11 under George W. Bush.
Speaker: tom cotton
About the speaker: Tom Cotton, a Republican, was elected to the House of Representatives in 2012 from a district in Arkansas.
Date: April 24, 2013
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: a House floor speech
Fact-check justification: Cotton said, "In  four years in office, five jihadists have reached their targets in the United States under Barack Obama," compared to zero "in over seven years after 9/11 under George W. Bush." Cotton’s math is inconsistent and stacked against Obama -- and there’s a limit to how fairly a comparison like this reflects what an administration can accomplish in counter-terrorism. On balance, we rate Cotton’s  .
Statement: The "average federal income tax" paid by the richest Americans is "8%. … If you're a cop, a teacher, a firefighter, union worker, you probably pay two to three times that.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: July 6, 2022
Topics: taxes
Context: Cleveland
Fact-check justification: Biden said the "average federal income tax" paid by the richest Americans is "8%. … If you’re a cop, a teacher, a firefighter, union worker, you probably pay two to three times that." Today, the richest Americans pay an effective tax rate of more than 20% of their income as counted under the current tax code, not 8%.  Meanwhile, among households earning between $50,000 and $100,000 a year, the vast majority paid effective tax rates of between 0 and 15%, which is not two to three times the rate that the richest pay. Biden’s statement is not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Says President Trump's administration has "actually worsened our nation's homelessness crisis" by cutting affordable housing programs, allowing shelters to refuse people based on gender identity or sexual orientation, evicting immigrant families of mixed legal status from subsidized housing and raising rent.
Speaker: tammy duckworth
About the speaker: Tammy Duckworth was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2016 after representing Illinois' 8th Congressional District for two terms. She is an Iraq War veteran and former Assistant Secretary for the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Date: September 16, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: homeless;housing
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Following news Trump is considering cracking down on homelessness in California, Duckworth claimed the president and his housing department have "worsened our nation’s homelessness crisis" by cutting affordable housing programs, allowing shelters to refuse people based on gender identity, evicting immigrant families of mixed legal status from subsidized housing and raising rents on people who receive federal housing assistance. The president’s administration has issued a series of proposals to that effect. But Trump has not yet succeeded in making any of the changes Duckworth described, a point she publicly acknowledged following our inquiry. We rate her  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Arizona "could decertify" the 2020 presidential election
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 24, 2021
Location: arizona
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post stated that Arizona "could decertify" the 2020 presidential election. State officials certified the results of the election on Nov. 30 according to the law. Those results showed that Biden won the election. The 2020 presidential election in Arizona was settled months ago, and the GOP-led review of ballots in Maricopa County doesn’t change that fact or call for any decertification. We rate this statement ! RELATED : Trump falsely describes Arizona audit findings RELATED : No  Maricopa County audit found 17,000 "duplicate" votes RELATED : No  for  that Maricopa County ‘purged machine records before audit’
Statement: Most of the requests for records possessed by the Attorney General's Office are from private law firms and companies.
Speaker: tj donovan
About the speaker: TJ Donovan is Vermont's attorney general. 
Date: October 18, 2019
Location: vermont
Topics: transparency
Context: VTDigger
Fact-check justification: Our Ruling  Donovan is correct to say that private law firms and companies frequently ask his office for records—dozens have placed requests this year.   Technically, their requests don't make up the majority of those the state has received in 2019, although requests from "firms" (as defined by the AG’s office) came only one percentage point short of 50% when Donovan made his statement last week.   But because of the attorney general's methodology for tracking records, non-profit interest groups, a well-respected university, and a legal aid clinic are also included in his tally of  "private law firms and companies" seeking documents.   The way Donovan’s office classifies record requesters and his public statements regarding those entities don’t square up.   We rate this  .
Statement: At Twin River, "we're more than competitive" with nearby casinos in slot machine payouts.
Speaker: patti doyle
About the speaker: Patti Doyle is the spokeswoman for Twin River Casino, in Lincoln, R.I., the larger of the state's two slot machine parlors. Doyle is senior vice president and director of account services for RDW Group, a communications firm with offices in Providence, Boston and Worcester.
Date: March 2, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;gambling
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: "I'm confident it would be the exact same payout throughout the country with the same game," he said. To summarize: Looking at the casinos as a whole, the way Foxwoods and Mohegan Sun calculate their payout percentages may make them look like a better bet for gamblers. But if you include player rewards to make an apples-to-apples comparison, Doyle's statement that Twin River is "more than competitive" is  for Foxwoods. Whether it applies to Mohegan Sun depends on the month. We rate her statement .