chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: These mass shootings happen so much that Ted Cruz really got a template ready to tweet whenever they occur.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: May 26, 2022
Location: national
Topics: crime;guns;texas
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The racism & antisemitism that purportedly motivated this killer have no place in America … I’m thankful there are heroes like security guard Aaron Salter, Jr.,  retired police officer, who fought back, and lost his life defending those around him." On Aug. 3, 2019, after a shooter killed 23 people in a Walmart in El Paso, Texas, Cruz wrote: "My heart is with everyone in El Paso struck by this unspeakable evil. Heidi & I are praying for the victims & their families & are grateful for the first responders, local authorities & law enforcement working tirelessly to bring the perpetrator of this depraved act to justice." On June 18, 2015, after a gunman killed nine people at a historic Black church in Charleston, South Carolina, Cruz wrote: ​​"My thoughts and prayers are with the families of the victims of last night's shooting in Charleston. "   We rate this  .
Statement: (Donald) Trump ran up more debt than any other president in American history.
Speaker: hakeem jeffries
About the speaker: Hakeem Jeffries is a member of Congress representing parts of Queens and Brooklyn in New York City.
Date: May 12, 2023
Topics: debt
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Jeffries said Trump "ran up more debt than any other president in American history." Obama ran up more debt than any other president in American history. If you look at debt accumulated on a per-year basis, Trump’s rate of increase in the debt was higher over four years than over Obama’s eight.  Assigning debt to a particular president can be  because so much of it traces back to decades-old, bipartisan legislation that set the parameters for Social Security and Medicare. The statement contains an element of  but ignores  that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: The U.S. is borrowing approximately $2.52 for every $1 of economic growth so far in 2012.
Speaker: rodney frelinghuysen
About the speaker: Rodney Frelinghuysen is a Republican Congressman representing New Jersey's 11th district, which includes all of Morris County and parts of Sussex, Somerset, Passaic, and Essex counties.
Date: May 25, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: deficit;economy
Context: an e-mail newsletter
Fact-check justification: Frelinghuysen said: "the U.S. is borrowing approximately $2.52 for every $1 of economic growth so far in 2012." The gross debt grew by more than $359.1 billion in the first three months of 2012. During the same time frame, the GDP increased by $142.4 billion, according to the data available at the time of Frelinghuysen’s statement. That’s $2.52 added to the debt for every dollar added to the nation’s economy. We rate this statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Across the country, $174 billion of the Recovery Act have been committed in its first 130 days.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: July 9, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget;stimulus
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: So back to Biden. He said that $174 billion had been committed at the 130-day mark. Federal records show he was a little off. The administration's Recovery.gov site shows that $157.8 billion had been committed. So we give Biden a .
Statement: Attorney General Roy Cooper refuses to do his job" by not defending House Bill 2 in a lawsuit.
Speaker: phil berger
About the speaker: Phil Berger is a Republican from Eden and the president pro tempore of the North Carolina Senate.
Date: March 31, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: ethics;lgbtq;negative campaigning;states
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Berger said that by not defending HB2 in court, Cooper "refuses to do his job" as attorney general. State law does say Cooper's job includes the duty to to defend the state in court. However, that’s not the end of the debate. Cooper has other possibly conflicting duties. And legal scholars tend to side with Cooper's argument that attorneys general don’t always have to defend laws – especially ones they believe to be unconstitutional. However, the issue is a new one in North Carolina, and the law is still relatively unsettled. We rate this  .
Statement: Says a photo shows an old Christmas tradition of women apologizing "to their husbands for all the mistakes they made during the year and beg for forgiveness.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 9, 2019
Topics: fake news;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Despite that, commenters who found the item shared by a non-comedy account wondered if it was real. (The url was not live.) We were not able to track down the photo’s precise origin and these descriptions are devoid of any citations or supporting details that can be verified. But there is no credible  that supports the  that women asked for their husbands’ forgiveness as part of any Christmas "custom." For those reasons, we rate this rumor .
Statement: The majority of Americans across ALL parties favor these nondiscrimination policies for LGBTQ people (liberals at 81%, moderates at 76% and conservatives at 55%).
Speaker: taylor swift
About the speaker: Taylor Swift is a country music and pop singer and a resident of Tennessee.
Date: June 1, 2019
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;lgbtq;sexuality
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Swift says: "The majority of Americans across all parties support these nondiscrimination policies for LGBTQ people (liberals at 81%, moderates at 76% and conservatives at 55%)." Swift accurately describes the results of the latest poll we found that’s on point, which asked about support for laws that would protect gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender people against discrimination in jobs, public accommodations and housing. She made the statement in seeking support for a federal bill that would prohibit discrimination based on sex, sexual orientation and gender identity, and the poll did not ask about that bill. We rate Swift’s statement .
Statement: In the last 50 years, (the federal government has) only balanced the budget five times.
Speaker: vern buchanan
About the speaker: Vern Buchanan has represented Florida's 13th Congressional District since 2007.
Date: April 27, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget;message machine 2010
Context: a web video
Fact-check justification: While a federal surplus is rare in modern history, that's not always been the case. A 1998 study of budget surpluses and deficits conducted for the House Joint Economic Committee found that federal surpluses outnumbered deficits 108 to 100, "with surpluses dominating in a large majority of the years prior to 1930." Urging increased fiscal restraint in Washington, Buchanan lamented in a web video that the federal budget has only been balanced five times in the last 50 years. While the use of the word balance isn't 100 percent right, Buchanan is correct that the federal government has been able to cover its yearly expenses just five times since 1961 -- in 1969 and from 1998-2001. We rate his statement .
Statement: Greg Abbott said it would be a 'waste' to expand pre-k to all Texas children.
Speaker: wendy davis
About the speaker: Wendy Davis, a Fort Worth attorney, was initially elected to the Texas Senate in 2008. She was the 2014 Democratic gubernatorial nominee, giving up a shot at winning re-election to the Senate.
Date: March 31, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: children;education;state budget
Context: an online petition
Fact-check justification: According to Davis, Abbott said expanding pre-k to all Texas children would be a waste. Abbott said nothing like that in his prepared remarks, while his plan unveiled the same day folds in a caveat that Davis disregarded. In the plan, Abbott says it would be a waste to offer pre-k to more students--without addressing quality. While the senator's statement leaves a misimpression, it also has an element of . Abbott wouldn't move now to fund all-day pre-k for all Texas toddlers. We grade the petition  as .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Nancy Pelosi said, "If the Senate conducts a sham trial, our caucus will just impeach the president again. We have no shortage of impeachment offenses. This president is a criminal.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 19, 2020
Topics: impeachment
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: And while Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., warned that Trump would "continue to try to cheat" if the Senate didn’t convict  him, it doesn’t appear that Pelosi vowed to impeach him again.   On Dec. 23, Politico reported that lawyers for the House Judiciary Committee said in a court filing that the House could impeach Trump again if it discovers new  that Trump tried to obstruct investigations into his actions.   But as this Feb. 6 Washington Post analysis notes , it could be too risky for the Democrats to try again.   "The political cost of being seen as relentlessly trying to get the president out of office, especially as the election ticks closer, is just too high," the story says.   Back to the alleged Pelosi quote: We rate it .
Statement: The majority of revenue generated by a proposed Kenosha casino would be sent to the Seminole tribe in Florida.
Speaker: enough already wisconsin, inc.
About the speaker: Enough Already Wisconsin, Inc. is a group advocating against the expansion of casinos in Wisconsin, with a particular focus on a proposal for a casino in Kenosha.
Date: November 8, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: gambling;jobs
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Our rating A group opposing the Kenosha casino project tweeted that the majority of revenue from the business would go to the Seminole tribe in Florida. For that to be right, it would have to be at least $200 million. However, the  is based a guess and a faulty assumption. The group’s spokesman admitted that the numbers fall short. We rate the  .
Statement: The only people in this town that have voted to cut Medicare spending are the people who voted in favor of Obamacare. That's a fact.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: May 1, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: medicare
Context: an interview on NBC's 'Meet the Press'
Fact-check justification: So back to the question. Was Rubio accurate in stating that those who voted for the federal health care law, in essence, voted to cut Medicare? To his credit, during his interview, Rubio did state that the cuts would be spread out over the next 10 years, instead of making it seem like the money would come out of the current-year budget. However, Rubio still identifies those who voted for the federal health care law as those who voted to "cut Medicare," without noting that spending on the program is still expected to increase. The vote taken by Congress was not to cut Medicare but to reduce the rate of growth by $500 billion by targeting inefficiencies in the program. That's a cost-reduction plan that Ryan himself kept intact in his own budget proposal. Republicans, meanwhile, voted for a budget plan that envisions spending less on Medicare in the future to restore fiscal balance to the federal budget and reduce the deficit. Both parties have voted -- at different times and on different proposals -- to reduce future spending for Medicare. We rate Rubio’s  .
Statement: 91 percent of Latinos support the DREAM Act, which allows undocumented youth to attend college," but Marco Rubio opposes it.
Speaker: presente.org
About the speaker: Presente Action is an arm of Presente.org, which says its mission is "to advance the interests and promote the political empowerment of Latino communities with the support of our allies."
Date: January 27, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;education;message machine 2012
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: For the -O-Meter, we’re checking the  that "91 percent of Latinos support the DREAM Act, which allows undocumented youth to attend college," while Rubio opposes the program. The Pew Hispanic Center’s polling found that to be the case, and Latino Decisions found a very similar high number of 85 percent. As a U.S. senator, Rubio has opposed the DREAM Act. We rate the ad’s statement .
Statement: Hepatitis outbreak in kids may be related to Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: April 22, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post alleges that a recent outbreak of hepatitis in children is related to the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine. Health officials at the WHO and in the UK said there is no connection to any vaccine because most of the cases involved children who aren’t vaccinated. The J&J vaccine is not approved for anyone under 18, and children under 5 are not eligible for any available COVID-19 vaccine. We rate this  .
Statement: News report accidentally reveals doctors giving 'banned' COVID treatment to the Queen.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 21, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Social media posts claimed, "news report accidentally reveals doctors giving ‘banned’ COVID treatment to the queen." An image of a drug containing ivermectin was erroneously included in a news report about the queen’s COVID-19 diagnosis, said the network that aired the news segment. Ivermectin is not approved to treat COVID-19 in Australia nor in the U.K. (It’s also not approved as a COVID-19 treatment in the U.S.) We found no  to suggest the queen has been given ivermectin to treat COVID-19. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Kelly Ayotte voted to "fix background checks.
Speaker: reclaim america pac
About the speaker: Reclaim America is a political action committee founded by Florida Republican Sen. Marco Rubio.
Date: May 14, 2013
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;guns
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: The PAC ad said Ayotte voted to "fix background checks." But we found differing opinions on what would actually fix the system. Reclaim America’s  is her support for a measure that would have put more records into the instant criminal check system, with the aim of capturing more people whose gun applications should be rejected. But to many in the gun-control debate, fixing background checks means requiring them on firearms bought at gun shows and over the Internet. The ad, as you might expect, only portrays one side of the background check debate. The other side could reasonably argue that Ayotte stood in the way of fixing the loopholes in background checks. On balance, we rate the statement . Update: After this story was published, we looked into more details about the Grassley amendment and how it would have worked, specifically the incentives to states to send mental health records to the federal background check database. We published our additional findings in this story. The ruling on this fact-check remains the same.
Statement: Wisconsin's non-discrimination law "doesn't protect members of the trans-gender community.
Speaker: jason rae
About the speaker: Jason Rae of Milwaukee was, at 17, the youngest person ever elected to the Democratic National Committee. He is a candidate for chairman of the Wisconsin Democratic Party. That election is in June 2015.
Date: April 21, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: civil rights;housing;legal issues;lgbtq;sexuality;workers
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Rae said Wisconsin's non-discrimination law "doesn't protect members of the transgender community." It’s unclear whether a transgender person could pursue in state court a discrimination case using laws that prohibit discrimination based on sex (gender) or on sexual orientation. What is clear is Wisconsin laws do not expressly prohibit discrimination based on a person’s status as transgender.    We rate Rae’s statement . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel’s web page .
Statement: Don't let this formula shortage scare you!!! Make your baby some hemp milk w/sea moss. It's easy I promise!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 11, 2022
Topics: children;food safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: The recipes lack essential vitamins and micronutrients such as vitamin D, calcium and iodine, the CDC said. The cases "highlight the potential for grave consequences" when making homemade baby formula, the CDC report said. "Human breast milk and commercial infant formula contain vitamins and micronutrients essential for growth and development," according to the report. "Infants fed an alternative diet can develop severe deficiencies and experience long-lasting developmental consequences." We rate the advice in this Facebook post .
Statement: You're not going to get COVID if you have these vaccinations.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: July 21, 2021
Location: national
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a CNN town hall
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "You’re not going to get COVID if you have these vaccinations."   Biden exaggerated. CDC data shows that fully vaccinated people have gotten COVID-19, but these cases are rare. But it’s important to note that vaccinated people are far more likely to avoid hospitalization or death.   We rate this statement . RELATED: Fact-checking Tomi Lahren on vaccines and COVID-19 survival chances RELATED: CDC is not manipulating its COVID-19 breakthrough data — it’s changing how it collects it
Statement: The Arab and the Muslim nations get twice as much money as Israel.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: May 5, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: israel;foreign policy
Context: a presidential debate
Fact-check justification: All together, the nations’ cumulative total was more than Israel’s but nowhere near twice as much. So where does that leave us? On the face of it, stacking one nation’s foreign aid dollars against 40 others may not be a meaningful comparison. Regardless, based on the most recent decade of U.S. foreign aid data, Paul’s statement is correct: Collectively, the 40-plus Arab and Muslim countries drew far more than double what Israel got. We rate the statement .
Statement: Maybe (the COVID-19 vaccine) doesn't work, and they're simply not telling you that.
Speaker: tucker carlson
About the speaker: Tucker Carlson was a Fox News pundit until his departure in April 2023.
Date: April 13, 2021
Topics: public health;pundits;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: a TV segment
Fact-check justification: Carlson said, "Maybe (the COVID-19 vaccine) doesn't work, and they're simply not telling you that." That  is countered by clinical trials and real-world studies that show the available vaccines effectively protect against COVID-19 infections and severe symptoms.  Carlson based his  largely on the fact that the CDC still recommends that fully vaccinated people wear masks and keep their distance in public spaces. Carlson said he couldn’t think of a reason why the CDC would do that, but we found some pretty simple explanations. Experts said those precautions are advisable because most of the U.S. population remains unprotected and because scientists are still studying to what extent the vaccines stop transmission, among other things. We rate Carlson’s statement !
Statement: Could I just point out that ... I seem to get the first question all the time?
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: February 26, 2008
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: Cleveland
Fact-check justification: Mitchell thinks Clinton got her message . "My impression of what was happening here is Hillary was actually trying to say, 'Hey, I always get all of the hard questions,' and it just came out as, 'Hey, how come I'm always getting the first question?' " he said. Perhaps that's what she meant, but we can only evaluate what she said. We rate her statement .