chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: I have never said that I don't wear flag pins or refuse to wear flag pins.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 16, 2008
Location: national
Topics: patriotism
Context: Philadelphia
Fact-check justification: Obama wasn't the only candidate, however, not wearing a flag pin. News reports from October 2007 indicate that neither Hillary Clinton, John Edwards, nor John McCain were wearing flag pins on a daily basis either. The only candidate mentioned in news reports as regularly wearing a flag pin was Republican candidate Rudy Giuliani. (For more on the flag pin controversy and reaction to the debate, see our story here.) Nevertheless, Obama did give a statement saying he didn't wear flag pins, so we find his statement, "I have never said that I don't wear flag pins or refuse to wear flag pins," to be .
Statement: Says death reports in federal database show the fatal risk of COVID-19 vaccines.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 9, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post from an anti-vaccine group shows a list of people who died after receiving COVID-19 vaccines, implying that the vaccine caused or contributed to those deaths.  The  relies on reports from a federal tracking system of adverse events occurring after vaccinations. The agencies that maintain that system warn that the reports should not be used to draw conclusions about whether a vaccine causes a particular adverse event. To establish causation, experts look beyond isolated data points to studies of large groups of people to see if a negative symptom is more prominent in vaccinated people than in non-vaccinated ones.  The COVID-19 vaccines have been proven to be safe and effective in tens of thousands of people.  We rate this statement . ​
Statement: Says the pension and health benefits reform "eliminated collective bargaining for health benefits.
Speaker: barbara buono
About the speaker:  Barbara Buono is a Democratic state senator representing part of Middlesex County. Buono previously served in the State Assembly from 1994 to 2001.
Date: January 29, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: health care;unions
Context: an interview on Fox 5’s Good Day New York
Fact-check justification: In a TV interview, Buono claimed that the pension and health benefits reform "eliminated collective bargaining for health benefits." The reform does mandate higher health care contributions over a four-year period without the employees’ approval through negotiations, but the senator is  to suggest that bargaining right is eliminated indefinitely. After the payment increases have been fully implemented, those contribution levels return to the bargaining table as a part of union negotiations. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Two thirds of eligible voters don't vote.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 1, 2022
Location: national
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post said that "two thirds of eligible voters don’t vote." It’s unclear if the post relied on 2020 presidential or 2018 midterm election data, but either way, it is . In 2018, ultimately 50% of eligible voters cast a ballot. In 2020, two-thirds did cast a ballot. We rate this statement . RELATED : All of our fact-checks about elections
Statement: Every dollar we invested in high-quality, early education programs can save more than $7 later on by boosting graduation rates, reducing teen pregnancy, even reducing crime.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 12, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: children;education
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: The president says every dollar the federal government invests in high-quality early education programs can save more than $7 later on by boosting graduation rates, reducing teen pregnancy and crime. Obama’s figure is widely shared and based on academic reports that have tried to determine the cost of Head Start and the Perry program. Whether these programs are "high-quality" is a more difficult discussion. There is debate about the long-term effectiveness of the Perry program and of Head Start because there are so many factors involved in a child’s development after the child leaves these programs. Additionally, there’s little research on the long-term impact of these programs in Georgia and Oklahoma, so the president’s remarks seem to be a stretch at this point. The president’s statement is partially  but needs an awful lot of context to be fully understood. We rate Obama’s  .
Statement: Says Rand Paul denied that he "put forward a bill ... to zero out foreign aid and specifically spoke about Israel.
Speaker: kirsten powers
About the speaker: Kirsten Powers is a columnist for USA Today and the Daily Beast, and a Fox News contributor. Powers is a former Democratic operative.
Date: April 12, 2015
Topics: federal budget;israel;foreign policy;punditfact
Context: a panel discussion on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Powers said that Paul denied having a bill that would cut all foreign aid and specifically mentioned Israel. In Paul’s NBC interview, he said he hadn’t proposed removing aid from Israel. Actually, Paul put forward a budget proposal that cut aid to Israel and stood by it for at least three months before quietly dropping the idea.  The concurrent resolution that Paul proposed and that the Senate voted on did not cut aid to Israel. Powers is correct that Paul denied his effort to cut aid to Israel but she mischaracterized the form of his proposal. We rate the  .
Statement: House Appropriations Chair David Obey's partial earmark ban wouldn't apply to 90% of earmarks.
Speaker: jim demint
About the speaker: Jim DeMint is a former U.S. Senator from South Carolina. He is now president of The Heritage Foundation .
Date: March 10, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: a message on Twitter
Fact-check justification: But the fact we're checking here is whether eliminating those for-profit earmarks would leave 90 percent of earmarks untouched. It would. There are differences of opinion on both sides of the aisle about whether that's necessarily a bad thing. But DeMint's math is accurate. And we rate his statement .
Statement: Austin is the safest big city in Texas.
Speaker: steve adler
About the speaker: Attorney Steve Adler won election as mayor of Austin in December 2014, drawing 67 percent of the vote in a December 2014 runoff. He was sworn in Jan. 6, 2015. He sought re-election in 2018.
Date: July 26, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: crime
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Adler called Austin the safest big city in Texas. As we’ve said before — and as experts keep stressing — using crime data to declare one city "safer" than another is fraught with peril. That said, FBI statistics suggest the five-county Austin region in 2015 had a lower violent-crime rate than other Texas regions. But El Paso had a lower violent-crime rate than Austin in the first half of 2016. Adler’s  adds up to a statement that’s partly accurate while lacking important context. We rate it .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Local authorities in 43 states refused to honor more than 16,000 detainer requests from ICE from October 2013 to December 2015. Only in Alaska, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Montana, Vermont and Wyoming did local officials honor all requests, and detainers are relatively rare in those states.
Speaker: steve adler
About the speaker: Attorney Steve Adler won election as mayor of Austin in December 2014, drawing 67 percent of the vote in a December 2014 runoff. He was sworn in Jan. 6, 2015. He sought re-election in 2018.
Date: February 14, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;criminal justice;legal issues;crime
Context: an open letter to Austin residents
Fact-check justification: Adler said: "Local authorities in 43 states refused to honor more than 16,000 detainer requests from ICE from October 2013 to December 2015. Only in Alaska, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Montana, Vermont and Wyoming did local officials honor all requests, and detainers are relatively rare in those states." Adler’s figures trace to research based on ICE data, though our review of the figures suggests that fewer detainer requests might have been refused by local law enforcement agencies. Missing here too is that nearly all detainer requests were honored nationally and most of the tallied detainer refusals occurred in a handful of states. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Michigan used a mathematical "key" to manipulate vote totals in 2020 election.
Speaker: douglas frank
About the speaker: Douglas Frank is the former chair of the math and science department at the Schilling School for Gifted Children in Cincinnati. His YouTube channel features analyses of the 2020 election in battleground states and interviews with MyPillow CEO Mike Lindell.
Date: April 9, 2021
Location: michigan
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: In a YouTube video, Frank claims his analysis of Michigan’s 2020 election results shows that the election outcome was decided at the state-level ahead of time using a mathematical "key" to manipulate vote totals. Frank offers no  for his  other than a statistical correlation to this key, whose derivation he doesn’t explain. The figures he cites as the basis of his analysis are different from those in official records. Experts said the vote-manipulation effort Frank theorizes would involve a wide-ranging conspiracy that would not be possible under Michigan’s decentralized election system. We rate his  .
Statement: Midtown crime is up by 30 percent the last quarter.
Speaker: rick baker
About the speaker: From 2001 to 2010, Rick Baker served as mayor of St. Petersburg. In 2017, Baker announced he would run for a third term
Date: June 25, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: crime
Context: an interview with News Channel 8
Fact-check justification: Baker said that crime in Midtown is up 30 percent in the last quarter. Baker says he got the statistics from the police, but he’s leaving out critical context. Most importantly, the St. Petersburg Police Department stopped validating data with neighborhood location at the end of 2015. The quarter-to-quarter comparison provided by Baker’s team relies on uncertain data and looks at a small time frame. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Sen. Sherrod Brown "voted to block American energy production and increase energy taxes.
Speaker: u.s. chamber of commerce
About the speaker: From the chamber's Web site: "The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is the world's largest business federation representing 3 million businesses of all sizes, sectors, and regions, as well as state and local chambers and industry associations. More than 96% of U.S. Chamber members are small businesses with 100 employees or fewer."
Date: November 16, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: energy;message machine 2012;taxes
Context: a television commercial
Fact-check justification: And the Chamber argues that  Brown’s opposition to establishing a parliamentary "point of order" against debating energy tax legislation means that he "supports raising energy taxes."   But that’s not what that vote was about. His vote indicates that he wouldn’t bar discussion of such ideas, not that he supports them. On the -O-Meter, we rate the U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s  . Comment on this item .
Statement: Wind power is the most undependable form of renewable energy.
Speaker: james o'neil
About the speaker: James O'Neil is a lawyer who served as Rhode Island's Attorney General from 1987 to 1993.
Date: September 1, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: environment;economy;energy;science;technology
Context: an appearance on "10 News Conference."
Fact-check justification: In terms of energy, dependability can mean different things to different people, and both solar and wind have their strengths and weaknesses. And the actual dependability of each technology is going to rely -- to quote the old real estate joke -- on three things: location, location and location. The only national ranking we found was done by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, which takes various dependability measures into account. In that ranking, wind is less dependable than hydro, geothermal or biomass but more dependable than solar cells and solar-thermal. O'Neil made an unequivocal and over-arching assertion, but provided no useful support for it. The most convincing  we found says he's . We rate his statement  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Once our Blueprint for Prosperity is signed into law, we will have delivered $2 billion" in tax relief.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: March 4, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: taxes
Context: a statement to reporters
Fact-check justification: Some of this is best guesswork, but estimates from multiple sources -- including the nonpartisan office used by the Legislature -- confirm the figure is right around that number. We rate Walker’s statement . Note: This item was changed after publication. It originally said the Fiscal Bureau's estimate included the effect of changes to the Earned Income and Homestead tax credits.
Statement: A majority of Americans now live in states where they have decided to legalize cannabis," including recreational and medical marijuana.
Speaker: john chiang
About the speaker: John Chiang is California's state treasurer. He is also a Democratic candidate for the 2018 governor's race.
Date: March 29, 2018
Location: california
Topics: criminal justice;states;the 2018 california governor's race;marijuana
Context: a letter to U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions
Fact-check justification: California Treasurer John Chiang recently claimed: "A majority of Americans now live in states where they have decided to legalize cannabis." His office pointed to a report that shows 44 states have some form of legal marijuana, though that list includes some states with only "limited medical marijuana" legalization and no comprehensive law authorizing the use. In reality, 29 states, plus Washington D.C., have passed laws authorizing recreational marijuana, medical marijuana or both. But even with this smaller group, Chiang’s statement is correct. That’s because more than 200 million Americans live in these states, representing a clear majority of the country’s 325 million people. We rate Chiang’s statement .   – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Seniors with coverage under Medicare Advantage will give up "more than their share" because of health care reform
Speaker: america's health insurance plans
About the speaker: AHIP is a trade group representing the health insurance industry.
Date: October 15, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: a televison advertisement
Fact-check justification: Ultimately, AHIP's ad correctly communicates the facts about the size of the proposed Medicare Advantage cuts and their effect on beneficiaries. But the trade group spins these facts to their advantage and leaves out important context. The ad does not specify that cuts to Medicare Advantage would be made to extra benefits provided by insurers under Medicare Advantage, not to core benefits, which will remain untouched. In addition, it says that Medicare Advantage beneficiaries are taking a hit that's "more than their share" — an assertion that glosses over the fact that the government is currently paying 14 percent more for their coverage than it does for beneficiaries of traditional Medicare. We rate the statement .
Statement: The European Union is now warning pregnant women not to get the COVID-19 vaccine due to the possibility of infertility and miscarriage.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 31, 2023
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that the EU issued a warning to pregnant women to avoid taking the COVID-19 vaccines because of the risk of infertility and miscarriage. No such warning was issued, and the European Medicines Agency, which regulates the safety of medicines in the EU, including vaccines, has repeatedly said the vaccines are safe for pregnant women and that there is no risk to fertility or pregnancies. The  is .
Statement: Biden wants to end Shareholder Capitalism.. that's your 401k..your pensions.. your retirement.. are you voting for that???
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 17, 2020
Location: national
Topics: economy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that Biden "wants to end Shareholder Capitalism.. that's your 401k..your pensions.. your retirement.. are you voting for that???" Biden said the era of shareholder capitalism should end. But the full context of his remarks shows he was calling for corporations to stop maximizing short-term profits for shareholders over the well-being of their communities. He was not calling for the abolition of stock market investments. The post misinterpreted the definition of shareholder capitalism to give a  impression. We rate this post . ​
Statement: Says Texas is last in workers' compensation coverage.
Speaker: sacramento bee editorial board
About the speaker: The editorial board of The Sacramento Bee says it composes editorials that are its collective opinion. It meets regularly to discuss community concerns and issues of the day, it says.
Date: February 6, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: labor;workers
Context: an editorial
Fact-check justification: The Bee said Texas is last in workers’ compensation coverage. Under state law, Texas remains the only U.S. state in which such coverage isn’t mandatory for all employers. And in 2010, 81 percent of Texas workers had such coverage, while nearly all workers were covered in the other states. The editorial’s statement is . Click here to see our other fact-checks related to the Bee editorial.
Statement: 80% of children born in developing countries die of cancer each year.
Speaker: michael mccaul
About the speaker: Michael McCaul was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004.
Date: December 11, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: health care;public health
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: McCaul’s statistic was more accurate in a video that accompanied his tweet, but data on childhood cancer mortality rates around the world is lacking — both in terms of cases that go undiagnosed and infrastructure in place to measure mortality. Estimates that do exist suggest that the mortality rate for children with cancer in developing countries is between 70% and 90%. These studies look at children within their lifetimes, not mortality rates within a single year, as McCaul’s tweet suggested. Overall, McCaul’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Navy destroyer strikes a building in downtown Houston.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 1, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: Internet posts
Fact-check justification: You can see the name written backward on the hull of the ship. In case you were wondering, the Mustin was not anywhere near Houston or the Gulf of Mexico. According to the ship’s Facebook page , the destroyer is part of the Seventh Fleet and is stationed in Japan. Don’t run aground by believing the story that a Navy vessel collided with a building in downtown Houston. We rate the  !
Statement: A new Democratic law "will make the IRS workforce larger than the Pentagon, FBI, State Department, and Customs and Border Patrol, combined.
Speaker: ben cline
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Ben Cline is a Republican from Virginia's 6th Congressional District extending from Roanoke through Lynchburg and the Shenandoah Valley. He was elected in 2018, succeeding longtime Republican Bob Goodlatte, who did not seek reelection.
Cline was born in Stillwater, Ok. and reared in Rockbridge County, Va. He is a graduate of Bates College and the University of Richmond School of Law. Cline was an assistant Commonwealth's Attorney for Rockingham County and Harrisonburg Virginia from 2007-2013, and then entered private law practice. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 2002-2018.
Date: August 12, 2022
Location: virginia
Topics: congress;federal budget;taxes
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: That’s about 34,000 more positions than the IRS would have if it added 87,000 new employees at once and none of its current 78,000 employees left, which is not what is planned. Cline claimed that with the addition of 87,000 new agents, the IRS will be "larger than  the Pentagon, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Customs and Border Protection and the State Department combined." The Inflation Reduction Act will provide funding that will allow the IRS to strengthen its workforce significantly, but just how that will play out is not set in stone. The best figures available strongly suggest the agency will not become as big as Cline has said. We rate Cline’s statement .