chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Sen. Bill Nelson "hasn't done anything on gun safety or school safety, and nothing on gun control.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: February 23, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: congress;guns
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Scott said Nelson "hasn’t done anything on gun safety or school safety, and nothing on gun control." At least since 1990, Nelson has supported an assault weapons ban. He has also supported several gun control measures including bills to tighten background checks, keep guns out of the hands of terrorists, ban bump stocks as well as firearms that can pass through metal detectors. While many of the bills Nelson supported didn’t become law, it’s an exaggeration to state that he has done "nothing." We rate this  .
Statement: By the end of 2015, more than 1,300 people will have died on Georgia roads. One of out evey four fatalities resulted from drunken driving.
Speaker: state public service announcement
About the speaker: working on keeping traffic deaths down
Date: December 28, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: alcohol;crime;public safety;states;transportation
Fact-check justification: A public service announcement says more than 1,300 people will die on Georgia roads before the end of the year. By Monday of this week, the number was 1,345, according to a tally kept by the Georgia Department of Transportation and released by the Governor’s Office of Highway Safety. The PSA also makes the  that one in four of those people died in alcohol-impaired fatalities. The  is that state officials don’t know for certain what’s happened in these traffic deaths. It takes time to investigate. They’re basing the  on a trend they’ve seen and one that doesn’t seem to be changing in Georgia or the nation. That’s probably context the reader deserves to know. We rate the statement .
Statement: Biden is "one of the least wealthy members of the U.S. Senate.
Speaker: howard dean
About the speaker: Howard Dean is the former chairman of the Democratic National Committee. He was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2004, and was the longtime governor of Vermont before that.
Date: August 24, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Much of McCain's wealth comes from his wife, Cindy McCain, who is chairman of Hensley & Co., her family's Arizona beer distributorship. So congratulations, Sen. Biden, you are in fact one of the least, if not the least, wealthy members of the U.S. Senate. For now. We bet book sales for a vice presidential candidate will soon change that. Still, we rate Dean's comment .
Statement: Florida drivers who have their cell phones "in hand" can be ticketed $250 and sent to "driving school.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 13, 2019
Location: florida
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The bill doesn’t mention anything about driving school nor does it list how much the citation would cost drivers. Regardless, the piece of legislation was not signed into law and did not prohibit drivers from simply having a "phone in hand." This  is . Update, March 19, 2019: This story has updated to clarify that the National Institutes of Health found that using a cell phone impairs driver reaction time.
Statement: Bill Gates fights to keep vaccine ingredients secret.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 27, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides links for information about the Pfizer , Moderna and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines on its website .   Each overview and safety page for the vaccines includes a link to the "full list of ingredients. "  What are the ingredients in the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine ? They include a genetic messenger molecule called mRNA, lipids, potassium chloride, monobasic potassium phosphate, sodium chloride (salt), dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate, and sucrose (sugar).   We rate this post .
Statement: Says "over 50 percent of U.S. job growth in June came" from Wisconsin.
Speaker: republican party of wisconsin
About the speaker: The Wisconsin Republican Party works to elect Republicans to state and federal offices and advance the GOP agenda.
Date: July 21, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Many of the strongest comparisons seem to take the lead from the state GOP, which claimed "over 50 percent of U.S. job growth in June came from our state." As the Bureau of Labor Statistics notes, it is  to combine the two sets of numbers to reach this conclusion. After all, by that approach Minnesota, California and Texas could all say the same as the state GOP, which would lead to at least four halves and, apparently, two wholes. This item isn’t on whether the jobs news was good -- clearly it was -- but on how it was presented. We rate the state GOP  .
Statement: The real electoral map" shows Donald Trump leading Joe Biden in electoral votes.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 11, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: So where does the electoral map stand?   As of Nov. 12 , Biden was projected to win 290 electoral votes — 20 more than he needs to win the White House — while Trump is expected to win 217. The AP hasn’t called North Carolina or Georgia for either candidate. The Facebook post is . We rate it .
Statement: They tried to give us $400 million to build a high-speed train that goes 39 miles an hour.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: November 19, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: infrastructure;stimulus;transportation
Context: a CNN interview
Fact-check justification: Other states, meanwhile, have said they’d like Ohio’s share of rail money if Kasich doesn’t want it. So Kasich is correct in that the federal government has approved $400 million in stimulus for development of high-speed rail service in Ohio. But his use of 39 mph as an average speed for the train relies on projections the administration discarded and ignores results of a newer study that included changes to the rail route. That’s an important detail; one that’s needed to keep things in context. We rate Kasich  about the 3C train as .
Statement: Says Saddam Hussein "had a 10-year relationship with al-Qaida.
Speaker: dick cheney
About the speaker: Dick Cheney served as Vice President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 in the administration of George W. Bush.
Date: December 14, 2014
Topics: afghanistan;ethics;human rights;iraq;military;terrorism;punditfact
Context: comments on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Cheney said Hussein had a 10-year relationship with al-Qaida. Two comprehensive, high-level government reports largely refute that statement. That includes one Pentagon study that relied on a trove of secret Iraqi government documents that fell into American hands after the invasion. While there are cases where the two interests overlapped, there is no  of a deep-rooted, meaningful relationship over 10 years as Cheney claimed.  We rate his statement .
Statement: A study showed mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are harmful to infants who are breastfeeding.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 27, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post suggested that a new study from JAMA showed that traces of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines found in breast milk for seven of 11 mothers are harmful for nursing newborns. A study involving 11 lactating mothers who had been vaccinated found that samples from five of them contained trace amounts of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines up to 48 hours after vaccination. But researchers said the findings suggested vaccination was safe. They said that until further study is done, women should use caution when breastfeeding infants younger than 6 months in the 48 hours after getting vaccinated.  We rate this  .
Statement: [A] 2009 USDA study found that 87 percent of chicken carcasses tested positive for generic E. coli ... just prior to packaging.
Speaker: physicians committee for responsible medicine
About the speaker: Founded in 1985, the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine is a group of health professionals and other citizens that advocates for preventive medicine and promotes alternatives to animal testing and animal research.
Date: March 14, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: food safety
Context: a letter
Fact-check justification: But we believe there’s substantial context missing. Experts say  the amount of E. coli in chicken per gram has declined in recent years, a major improvement in food safety. Also, the USDA study cited by the committee represents a very small sample of the billions of chicken processed each year in the U.S. It’s difficult to draw broad conclusion from such a small sample. We rate the group’s statement .
Statement: Says Taylor Swift wants to remove the Statue of Liberty
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 23, 2020
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook on June 23
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post circulating on the internet has a headline that reads, "Taylor Swift says we should remove the Statue Of Liberty." There is no  Taylor Swift has stated support for removal of the Statue of Liberty. A search of news archives and Google surfaced no article like the one that this Facebook post purports to show. We rate this post !
Statement: Abortionists have reduced our black population by more than 25 percent since 1973.
Speaker: charles van zant
About the speaker: Rep. Charles Van Zant is a Republican representing District 19. He is an architect from Keystone Heights who was first elected to the House in 2008.
Date: April 18, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: abortion
Context: House floor debate on HB 845
Fact-check justification: Van Zant made a fiery case for his bill preventing gender- and race-based abortions, saying abortion providers like Parent Parenthood -- without the Nazis or the KKK --  "have reduced our black population by more than 25 percent since 1973." Van Zant’s statement is wildly  by the most literal measure -- the African-American population has increased since 1973. There’s also problems with the  if you buy into Van Zant’s logic. Namely, abortion statistics are incomplete and/or difficult to interpret. And there’s no one-to-one correlation between an abortion and the population today. We rate this  .
Statement: I vetoed more than $3 billion in spending. Lawmakers and I cut taxes for 40,000 small businesses. Now Texas is No. 1 in job creation. The nation's five best housing markets are right here in Texas. We balanced five state budgets and we cut state spending.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: February 8, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: economy;housing;state budget
Context: a TV advertisement
Fact-check justification: He distorts the size and substance of his budget vetoes. As previously reported, his  that Texas has a surplus in the billions is  since the state is expected to confront a revenue shortfall in 2012-13. Finally, Perry's  to cutting state spending could lead viewers to think spending has decreased on his watch, which isn't so. Perry’s ad drifts from -strong facts to full-bore misrepresentations. We rate his statement altogether as .
Statement: The average cost of child care in this country is more than what it costs to send a child to college for one year.
Speaker: linda sánchez
About the speaker: Linda Sánchez is a Democratic congresswoman for California's 38th District.
Date: July 29, 2020
Location: california
Topics: children;education
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: "The average cost of child care in this country is more than what it costs to send a child to college for one year," Sánchez said. The nationwide median annual price of infant, toddler and 4-year-old care is much less expensive than the nationwide average of a year at a four-year college. However, a year of center-based child care is more expensive than a year of in-state public college tuition in many states. Sánchez did not specify a timeframe for her comparison. If she meant to compare the annual price of a four-year college to the amount families pay for a year of infant, toddler or 4-year-old center-based care, then her statement is . However, comparing the price of college to the price of child care over the course of a child’s lifetime would show a different picture. We rate Sánchez’s statement .
Statement: @BernieSanders receives strong support from the conservative & most rural part of Vermont.
Speaker: jane o’meara sanders
About the speaker: Jane O’Meara Sanders is the wife of Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt, and a senior advisor to his presidential campaign. 
Date: January 26, 2020
Location: vermont
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: We do not know if he has done well among conservative voters." Our Ruling On Jan. 26, Jane O’Meara Sanders tweeted that her husband, Bernie Sanders, "receives strong support from the conservative & most rural part of Vermont" as an argument why he is electable. In general election contests since 1990, Sanders has demonstrated he has been able to receive the majority of the votes in both the most rural and conservative areas of the state — even if Vermont Republicans may not agree with all of his policies. We rate this statement . ​
Statement: Says 1,000 World War II veterans die every day.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: June 6, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: veterans
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: According to Veteran Affairs data, 103,890 died in 2010, about 285 a day. And veterans who served during the Korean War? In 2010, nearly 134,000 died, or 367 a day. Bottom line: Dewhurst’s well-meaning salute relies on an outdated statistic, overstating the number who now die daily. .
Statement: Americans will spend more on taxes in 2015 than on food, clothing and housing combined.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: April 14, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;state budget;taxes
Context: a Twitter post
Fact-check justification: So by this other method, for many people, Walker’s  does not hold up. The 2014 item concluded that a majority of Americans probably pay more for the three essentials than for taxes. Our rating Walker claimed, based on what happened in 2014, that Americans in 2015 collectively will spend more on taxes than they do on food, housing and clothing combined. The statement is partially accurate -- on target based on past experience by the method Walker uses, but  by another method that examines the  in a fuller context. That’s a  on our meter.
Statement: The alternative" to higher state worker pension and health care payments "is to look at 1,500 layoffs of state employees or close to 200,000 children who would be bumped off Medicaid-related programs.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: February 11, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;state budget
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Let’s review. Walker said that if his proposal for state employees to pay more for their benefits is not adopted, alternatives such as removing nearly 200,000 children from Medicaid would have to be considered. But that’s a phony alternative. Legally, the state does not have the option to remove kids from Medicaid; Walker acknowledged he did not check before making the statement. We rate Walker’s statement on Medicaid and kids .
Statement: Texas still owns all of its public lands. If the federal gov't wants to create a park, they must ask permission!
Speaker: glenn hegar
About the speaker: Glenn Hegar, a former Texas House member initially elected to the Senate in 2007, was elected Texas state comptroller in 2014. Hegar describes himself as a sixth-generation Texan who farms land that's been in his family since the 1800s. He is the former chair of the Sunset Advisory Commission.
Date: June 24, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: history;recreation;states
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Hegar tweeted: "Texas still owns all of its public lands. If the federal gov't wants to create a park, they must ask permission!" The first part of Hegar’s statement is obvious: Texas owns its 22.5 million acres of public land, with the federal government owning less than 2 percent of Texas acreage, much of it in the Big Bend National Park. It also stands to reason the federal government wouldn’t open a park in the state without interacting with state officials, perhaps seeking a land deal. However, Hegar didn’t provide, nor did we turn up,  that the feds must ask permission to open a park in Texas. Hegar’s statement comes out half-obvious, half-unsupported--and .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Obamacare is "costing 2 million jobs.
Speaker: laura ingraham
About the speaker: Laura Ingraham is a conservative broadcaster and commentator. On April 13, 2014, she was named an ABC News contributor.
Date: April 13, 2014
Topics: health care;jobs;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: We are fact-checkers, not fortune-tellers. We’ll steer clear of declaring the health care law a success or failure. For one, it’s simply too soon to tell. It is possible to say, however, whether pundits are accurately summarizing projections from nonpartisan government analysts about the law. And when Ingraham cited CBO for her  that the law "is costing 2 million jobs," she glazed over a swath of important details. Ingraham’s  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . ( Update April 15: Ingraham responded to our ruling on her April 14, radio show , saying: "The economy is affected when fewer people work. This is a real effect on the real American economy. So you can argue about how you interpret the number of jobs lost. You can say that's a good thing. ... Democrats love when people aren't working. ...That does not change the underlying fact that jobs will be lost because of Obamacare. PolitiFact and the Democrats think it's a good idea to add to those terrible (jobs) numbers with more people not working. And you're going to fact-check me? Fact-check this. Fact-check yourself. You are so untethered to reality and the real world for most people. Go finger paint in your free time.")
Statement: The radiation coming from the new TSA body scanners is "equivalent to about three minutes' worth of air travel by anybody, say, at 30,000 feet.
Speaker: john pistole
About the speaker: John Pistole is the administrator of the Transportation Security Administration. Pistole came to TSA after 26 years at the Federal Bureau of Investigation where he rose to the position of deputy director.
Date: November 16, 2010
Location: national
Topics: homeland security;science;transportation
Context: an interview with CNN's Anderson Cooper
Fact-check justification: The FDA, in a detailed response , said the concerns were unfounded, and health risks associated with the full body scanners were "minuscule." To be clear, this fact check isn't declaring TSA's new full-body scanners safe. We're simply looking at the comparative exposure to radiation as suggested by Pistole, who said that the radiation coming from the new TSA body scanners "are equivalent to about three minutes' worth of air travel by anybody, say, at 30,000 feet." It may sound strange, but it's right. We rate this statement .
Statement: Probably less than 4 percent" of Wisconsin residents "are enjoying the subsidies" from Obamacare.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: November 5, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: In comparison to the estimated U.S. population of about 318 million, that’s just about 3 percent. Johnson said, "probably less than 4 percent" of Wisconsin residents "are enjoying the subsidies" from Obamacare. He calculated this figure based on enrollment data and Census Bureau population statistics. Those numbers put the figure at 2.9 percent. We rate the  .