chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Only about 6.8 percent of the (stimulus) money has actually been spent.
Speaker: jon kyl
About the speaker: Jon Kyl represented Arizona in the U.S. Senate from January 3,1995 to January 3, 2013. He served as the Republican party whip from 2007 to 2013. Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey appointed Kyl to succeed Sen. John McCain, who died while in office Aug. 25, 2018.
Date: July 12, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus
Context: an interview on This Week with George Stephanopolous
Fact-check justification: If you divide this by the full stimulus amount of $787 billion, you get 7.7 percent — a bit higher than Kyl's 6.8 percent, but in the ballpark. It appears that Kyl was a few weeks out of date in his statistics. The figure spent by June 19 was 6.7 percent; in the subsequent two weeks of reported data, the government shelled out an additional $7.5 billion, boosting the percentage slightly. But on the larger point, Kyl is accurate: A relatively small portion of the stimulus has been spent. So we find his  .
Statement: Voter identification laws make it complicated and expensive to get an ID, essentially instituting a modern-day poll tax.
Speaker: american civil liberties union
About the speaker: The American Civil Liberties Union bills itself as "the nation’s premier defender of the rights enshrined in the U.S. Constitution," defending "individual freedoms including speech and religion, a woman’s right to choose, the right to due process, citizens’ rights to privacy and much more . . . even when the cause is unpopular, and sometimes when nobody else will."
Date: August 26, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: Newsletter
Fact-check justification: In some states, the cost for the ID is free, but accompanying documents necessary to receive those free IDs can cost money and take time to get. That’s more an inconvenience than a hindrance. There is an element of  to the ACLU statement. But it ignores critical facts that would give a different impression if presented. We rule the ACLU’s statement .
Statement: We're one of the only communities in the country that didn't lose population in the last census.
Speaker: chris abele
About the speaker: Chris Abele is Milwaukee County Executive, a position he won in an April 2011 special election to finish out the final year of the term of Scott Walker, who was elected governor in November 2010. The election was the first attempt at political office for Abele, a Milwaukee philanthropist and business owner.
The office is nonpartisan, but Abele has indicated he is a Democrat.
Date: October 1, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: population
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Abele spokesman Brendan Conway conceded his boss would have been more accurate had he referred specifically to the Great Lakes Area cities and population growth. Our rating Abele contended that "We’re one of the only communities in the country that didn’t lose population in the last census." However you cut it, he’s way off base. This , given that fast growth in certain regions of the U.S. is well-established and well-known, ventures into  territory. .
Statement: Nostradamus "accurately predicted Queen Elizabeth II's passing.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 16, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: A Facebook video says Nostradamus "accurately predicted Queen Elizabeth II’s passing."  Nostradamus’s writing did not include a reference to a queen. The prediction came from another author’s interpretation of the philosopher’s writing. We rate this  .
Statement: Liz Cheney cries like kids after loses in 'primary' against Trump's pick," two days before the primary election.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 14, 2022
Topics: congress;elections;party support;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims Cheney lost her re-election bid as the House representative for Wyoming. Although Cheney is expected to lose her seat, the post was made two days before the primary election. We rate this  .
Statement: President Obama is a Muslim.
Speaker: 18% of the american public
Date: August 19, 2010
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;obama birth certificate;religion
Context: a Pew Research Center poll
Fact-check justification: A benign explanation is that there is genuine confusion about his religion because Obama has Muslim ancestors on his father's side and a traditionally Muslim middle name, Hussein. Another is that people who disagree with him politically and dislike the Muslim religion like to associate him with something they perceive to be negative. (Read more about these perceptions in our report, "Why do so many people think Obama is a Muslim?") But all  points to the fact that Obama is a Christian. The members of the public who say he is a Muslim -- 18 percent, according to the Pew poll -- are , and we rate their statement !
Statement: Texas #2 in nation for new gun purchases, behind California.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: October 28, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Abbott said: "Texas #2 in nation for new gun purchases, behind CALIFORNIA." Hold fire: The FBI counsels against using requests for instant background checks to estimate gun purchases, which was Abbott’s basis for his statement. Besides that, Texas ranked third behind Kentucky and California in the number of checks requested for gun purchases through the first 10 months of 2015. Adjust for population and among the 10 states with the most requested background checks, Texas tied with Florida for 8th place with both states and seven others accounting for more per-capita requests for background checks than California. We rate this  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Polls show "Hillary Clinton wins every time with Donald Trump" as her opponent.
Speaker: glenn beck
About the speaker: Glenn Beck is the host of The Glenn Beck Program, a nationally syndicated talk-radio show. He also hosts an Internet-based TV show. Beck formerly hosted a television talk show on CNN Headline News and then Fox News.
Date: April 10, 2016
Topics: polls and public opinion;punditfact
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: The bottom line is every recent poll shows Clinton clearly ahead of Trump. The only polls that favor Trump are old and have  been superseded by newer surveys showing that Clinton has pulled ahead. We rate Beck's  .
Statement: Clinton aides admit it (a gas tax holiday) won't do much for you – but would help her politically.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 5, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The sentence is a paraphrase of an anonymous source, which makes it impossible to find out what the aides really think. Obama says that Clinton aides admit the plan won't do much good. We find the aides say that it's a plan that has political benefits, whether it works or not. There's a gap between those two statements. We rate Obama's statement .
Statement: We cut New York City's carbon footprint twice as much as the rest of the country.
Speaker: michael bloomberg
About the speaker: Michael Bloomberg was mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013. The billionaire co-founded Bloomberg LP, a financial information and media company, in 1981. On Nov. 24, 2019, he announced his candidacy for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on March 4, 2020.
Date: December 15, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: climate change
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our ruling  Bloomberg said his administration cut the city’s carbon footprint twice as much as the rest of the country.   Bloomberg was in office between 2002 and 2013. During a somewhat different timeframe, 2005 to 2013, the city’s greenhouse gas emissions fell 12.8 percent. During the years of Bloomberg’s tenure, greenhouse gases fell nationally by 6.8 percent.   We rate his  .
Statement: Cuba has "a lower child mortality rate than ours. Their life expectancy is now greater than ours.
Speaker: tom harkin
About the speaker: Tom Harkin is a U.S. Senator from Iowa.
Date: January 29, 2014
Location: national
Topics: children;health care;foreign policy;public health
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Harkin said that Cuba has "a lower child mortality rate than ours. Their life expectancy is now greater than ours." According to the official statistics, Cuba does beat out the United States for both infant and child mortality, and on life expectancy, the data is mixed, with a slight edge to the United States. However, the combination of the Cuban government’s heavy-handed enforcement of statistical targets and the lack of transparency has led some experts to suggest taking the numbers with a grain of salt. On balance, we rate Harkin’s  .
Statement: By the time I left" the State Department, "economic growth was up and opium production was down" in Afghanistan, while "infant mortality declined" and school enrollment rose by more than sevenfold.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 10, 2014
Location: national
Topics: drugs;economy;education;health care;foreign policy;public health;women
Context: her book, "Hard Choices"
Fact-check justification: Clinton is probably three-quarters accurate, said Michael O'Hanlon, a Brookings scholar who helped create the Afghanistan Index. "The opium issue hasn’t been encouraging, but the other trend lines are all essentially what she writes," he said. Our rating Clinton said that over the course of her tenure as secretary of state, economic growth and school enrollment in Afghanistan was up, while opium production and infant mortality were down. Her claims about school enrollment, infant mortality, and economic growth are basically accurate, but the data on opium production suggests that her  is somewhat exaggerated. We rate the  .
Statement: A photo shows paleontologists in Greece discovering the skeleton of a giant.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 11, 2012
Topics: fake news;science;facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: "With 95 percent of its skeleton preserved, the new species stands as the most complete long-necked dinosaur ever discovered from the Cretaceous Period," Sereno said in a 1999 news release documenting his team’s findings. In 2019, Snopes fact-checked the same two manipulated images purporting to show a giant skull among the bones Sereno’s team dug out in Niger. The outlet reported that the altered images have been circulating online since as early as 2004. Fact-checkers have also debunked several other similarly altered photos claiming to show the remains of giants. We rate these Facebook posts !
Statement: Says Sierra Club sued him to stop oil and gas activity on Texas coast, but "we won" and "the turtles are fine.
Speaker: jerry patterson
About the speaker: Jerry Patterson, who won election to three terms as state land commissioner starting in 2002, filed to seek the post afresh in the 2018 elections. The former state senator from Pasadena unsuccessfully sought the 2014 Republican nomination for lieutenant governor.
Date: June 9, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: environment;energy
Context: Fort Worth
Fact-check justification: The Sierra Club did not sue Patterson; he wasn’t quite land commissioner when the group filed its suit against federal agencies. Still, he later joined the lawsuit, which the government won. And, despite ongoing oil and gas activity at the park in accord with the 1962 terms, Texas’ threatened and endangered sea turtles are increasing in numbers. We rate Patterson’s statement as .
Statement: Jeanne Shaheen was principally involved in a plot with Lois Lerner and President Barack Obama's political appointee at the IRS to lead a program of harassment against conservative nonprofit groups during the 2012 election
Speaker: daily caller
About the speaker: The Daily Caller is an online publication with a conservative lean.
Date: November 3, 2014
Location: new hampshire
Topics: government regulation;taxes
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: The Daily Caller charged that Shaheen "was principally involved in a plot with Lois Lerner and President Barack Obama’s political appointee at the IRS to lead a program of harassment against conservative nonprofit groups during the 2012 election." Shaheen and six other Democratic Senators did send letters broadly connected to the issue of scrutinizing the activities of nonprofit groups. Their concern was that some groups abuse tax-exempt privileges by calling themselves social welfare organizations while spending a majority of their money on influencing politics. The Daily Caller article amps up the innuendo beyond the . The letters weren’t secret, they didn’t cite Lerner or other Obama appointees, and they didn’t single out conservative groups. We rate the  .
Statement: Intensifying Hurricane Willa headed directly toward 10,000 migrant caravan path.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 22, 2018
Topics: environment;immigration;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The number of people in the caravan has increased since it started Oct. 13, reports peg the number traveling at around 7,000 — lower than 10,000 claimed in the Patriotic Express headline. A headline on patrioticexpress.com claimed, "Intensifying Hurricane Willa headed directly toward 10,000 migrant caravan path." The hurricane is expected to make landfall in Mexico — but nowhere near the caravan’s current location. It’s uncertain whether the caravan will pass through towns impacted by the hurricane. We rate the headline .
Statement: Not one tax has been raised since I've been governor.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: June 26, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview on the "Ask The Governor" monthly radio call-in program
Fact-check justification: Christie said on a radio program, "Not one tax has been raised since I've been governor." The governor is correct that the major taxes in New Jersey that generate revenue have not increased. But he doesn’t acknowledge that cuts he’s made to tax-relief programs have resulted in tax increases for certain segments of the population. Several experts we talked to agreed that reductions in tax-relief programs can result in higher taxes owed for some people. That amounts to an increase, and that’s why this  is rated . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Hospitals have already begun layoffs, a direct result of Republican inaction" on Medicaid expansion.
Speaker: democratic party of virginia
About the speaker: The state Democratic Party.
Date: September 16, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: health care;medicaid;state budget
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The Democratic Party of Virginia says that hospital layoffs have begun as a "direct result" of Republican legislators’ refusal to expand the state’s Medicaid program. The Democrats point to news releases from four hospital systems --  in rural areas -- that have announced staff cuts since June 2013. The systems cited the state’s resistance to Medicaid expansion as one of several reasons for the layoffs. Of greater impact, however, was a reduction in Medicare reimbursements under Obamacare. Several hospital officials said the expansion of Medicaid would have allowed them to offset some -- but not nearly all -- of the loss. It also should be noted that most of the individual hospitals where the layoffs occurred had been in the red since at least since 2009 -- some of them all but losing their patient base. The GOP’s refusal to expand Medicaid came at a tough time for the hospital systems and certainly added to their woes. But saying the layoffs are the "direct result" of the Republicans’ action is an exaggerated  that ignores deeper factors. The Democratic  is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Identification is required "to get into Washington DC.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 26, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Searching online we found no  to support the  in the Facebook post. The Transportation Security Administration requires adult airline passengers to show ID at airport checkpoints in order to travel — but that is a requirement nationwide and not specific to travelers headed to DC.    As for voter ID laws, more than half of the United States asks or requires voters to show some form of identification at the polls, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures . Among those states, six, including Georgia — which was the subject of many  fraud claims in the 2020 election — have strict photo ID laws.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Due to the war in Iraq, "4,400 Americans are dead, 30,000 severely wounded and more than 100,000 are suffering from serious health problems related to post traumatic stress syndrome.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: September 1, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: iraq
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Also : about 30,000 military personnel had been wounded as of September — though Paul's statement that all of them were "severely" injured isn't supported by Department of Defense data indicating more than half returned to active duty within 72 hours. Paul's office had no immediate comment when we followed up on this point. Quantifying how many people are suffering from PTSD is trickier, and none of the numbers we saw — including the figure Mills pointed us to — separated the Iraq PTSD cases from those resulting from duty in Afghanistan. But given the wide range of the government's own measures, Paul's 100,000 figure shakes out as reasonable. We rate his statement as .
Statement: Kelly Loeffler has a "long history of donating to abortion-on-demand Democrats.
Speaker: doug collins
About the speaker: A current member of Congress from Gainesville, GA.
Date: August 29, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Collins claimed his fellow Republican Loeffler has a "long history of donating to abortion-on-demand Democrats." From 2006 to 2011, Loeffler personally gave a total of $13,100 in campaign donations to six Democrats who support abortion rights. The political action committee of her husband’s company has also donated to a handful of Democrats more recently, but these contributions did not come from Loeffler. Overall, only a tiny fraction of the campaign contributions made by Loeffler have gone to Democrats, and she has won endorsements from major anti-abortion groups. We rate Collins’  .
Statement: We are bogged down in a war that John McCain now suggests might go on for another 100 years.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 26, 2008
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: Cleveland, Ohio
Fact-check justification: We gave that a . But Obama twisted McCain's words in the Cleveland debate. He said, "We are bogged down in a war that John McCain now suggests might go on for another 100 years." As we explain above, McCain was referring to a peacetime presence, not the war. So we find Obama's statement .
Statement: The War in Afghanistan is officially the longest war Americans have ever been asked to endure.
Speaker: dennis kucinich
About the speaker: Dennis Kucinich is running in the Democratic primary for governor of Ohio in 2018. Kucinich was elected to Congress in 1996. He previously served as a member of the city council and as mayor in Cleveland, the city where he was born in 1946. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Case Western University. He has been married since 2005 to Elizabeth Harper. He was married twice before and has one child. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 25, 2008.
Date: June 10, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: afghanistan;history;military
Context: a statement posted to his website
Fact-check justification: President George W. Bush ordered troops be sent to Afghanistan after terror attacks Sept. 11, 2001. Fighting began less than one month later on Oct. 7. Last month, on June 7, the war completed 8 years and 9 months. There's no fighting the numbers. We find this statement .