chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The Trump campaign asked that I release the list (of potential Supreme Court nominees) only after (Ruth Bader Ginsburg) passed away.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: September 20, 2020
Location: national
Topics: supreme court
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "The Trump campaign asked that I release the list (of potential Supreme Court nominees) only after (Ginsburg) passed away." Trump and his campaign challenged Biden to release such a list on multiple occasions in advance of Ginsburg’s death. We rate this statement . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here  for more.
Statement: Says President Donald "Trump's budget gives a $100 billion tax break to three of the wealthiest families.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: May 25, 2017
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Sanders said Trump’s budget gives a $100 billion tax break to three of the wealthiest families. His office pointed to a Democratic analysis that assumed the total elimination of the estate tax. But Trump’s proposal would retain a measure to tax some portion of inherited wealth. On top of that, the experts we reached told us that careful tax planning reduces the government’s take under current law. They said the Democrats greatly exaggerated the potential tax bills these families face, and the real cost would be considerably less than $100 billion. Trump’s tax plan has other features that would cut taxes on the super wealthy, but it isn’t possible to quantify the impact with any accuracy. The three wealthy families Sanders had in mind would benefit handsomely under Trump’s plan, but his office did not provide  that held up, and experts said the total would likely be less than the $100 billion he said. We rate this  . Update, June 2, 2017:  We added information after our initial publication to clarify what Trump's budget said about estate taxes and unrealized capital gains.
Statement: Barack Obama said in 2004 "that he basically agreed with the way George Bush was conducting the war.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: February 26, 2008
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: Cleveland, Ohio
Fact-check justification: Obama said later in the interview. Taking the interview in its entirety, it's clear Obama was speaking about the need to bring a satisfactory conclusion to the Iraq invasion once it had commenced, not diminishing his initial opposition to the war. In the debate with Clinton, he made the same point a little more succinctly: "Once we had driven the bus into the ditch, there were only so many ways we could get out." Clinton's statement wrongly gives the impression that Obama was endorsing the Bush administration's overall policy in Iraq. We find her statement to be .
Statement: Photo shows "the jabbed and the unjabbed … separated with a fence in a supermarket" in Germany.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 3, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: On Nov. 24, a Romania news channel reported that metal fences had been erected in some markets to separate people who had a digital certificate showing proof of vaccination or recovery from COVID-19.   Since Oct. 22, Romania has required a European Union Digital COVID Certificate or a Romanian-issued "Digital Green Certificate/Green Pass" to access some public locations such as restaurants, shopping malls, museums, and gyms, according to the U.S. Embassy there . In Germany, people seeking entrance to bars, restaurants and some stores must also show proof of vaccination or  that they recovered from a recent infection. But this image doesn’t show those rules in effect.    We rate claims that this photo was taken in Germany .
Statement: Queen Elizabeth removes Obamas from royal wedding guest list.
Speaker: america today
About the speaker: America Today is a website that posts fake news.
Date: December 10, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: While those reports are speculative, Markle was critical of Trump before her engagement. In May 2016 while on  The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore , Markle said Trump was "divisive" and "misogynistic." A headline said that "Queen Elizabeth removes Obamas from royal wedding guest list." We found no credible reports that the Queen took this action -- just speculation about whether the Obamas will be invited. We rate this headline .
Statement: A proposed tax to fund transportation projects would spend $90,000 to take a single vehicle off the road during the morning and afternoon commute.
Speaker: steve brown
About the speaker: Steve Brown, a Republican, is a commissioner on the Fayette County Board of Commissioners.
Date: July 12, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: transportation
Context: a forum hosted by The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Fact-check justification: In sum: Brown based his calculation on a transit cost estimate that’s open to accusations of cherry-picking. Furthermore, even Brown and Ross think their own number falls short. The  is so simplistic that it may overstate and understate the cost at the same time.    Brown’s  is  on various levels. It earns a .
Statement: Rhode Island spends "52 percent more per capita on human service programs than the national average.
Speaker: gary sasse
About the speaker: Gary Sasse is a former director of the Rhode Island Public Expenditure Council, a former director of the Rhode Island Department of Administration and the state Department of Revenue, and now director of the Bryant Institute for Public Leadership at Bryant University.
Date: June 26, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: children;families;health care;medicaid;poverty;state budget;taxes
Context: an interview on 10 News Conference
Fact-check justification: Or it could mean that the national average is depressed by states that are declining to provide some of the "optional" services, such as hospice care for the poor, that some Rhode Islanders might regard as anything but optional. Such context would help voters and their leaders make intelligent decisions about where to attack the problem. It would also help them ensure that our money is being spent wisely on the services we want to offer. (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Says a teenage Pete Buttigieg was arrested in the late 1990s for killing dogs.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 9, 2020
Location: national
Topics: animals;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Buttigieg campaign did not respond to comment on the  article, but the South Bend Tribune published a response and said "everything about the image screamed bogus. "  "Even though that Twitter user admitted Sunday night he intended the fabrication as a joke, The Tribune was still receiving calls and messages Monday afternoon hoping to verify the story. Some thanked us for clarifying it; others angrily denounced us for ‘covering up for Pete,’ " the newspaper wrote . "So let’s just make this perfectly clear: The Tribune did not publish the story making the rounds." We rate this !
Statement: This year, Eric Cantor has received more money from oil companies than any other member of Congress.
Speaker: wayne powell
About the speaker: Wayne Powell was the 2012 Democratic nominee for Virginia's 7th Congressional District seat held by House Majority Leader Eric Cantor, a Republican. 
Powell served in the U.S. Army for 30 years, 5 years of active duty and 25 years in the Active Reserves. He was called back into active duty after September 11, 2001, to command a specialized Army intelligence unit. He was awarded the Legion of Merit when he retired as a colonel in 2002.
Powell graduated from the University of Richmond in 1972, and received a master’s degree from the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1973 and a law degree from T.C. Williams School of Law at the University of Richmond in 1980.
Powell served as staff clerk to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia, worked as an assistant state attorney general and served as deputy commissioner of the Virginia Worker’s Compensation Commission for six years. He entered private practice in 1991, and founded his present firm of Powell & Parrish in 1999.
Date: August 21, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: campaign finance;energy
Context: website posting
Fact-check justification: The Powell campaign accused Cantor of having collected more money from oil and gas industry folks than any other member of Congress. They quickly acknowledged that the statement was  and changed it. We applaud them for changing the , but we still have to rate the original one. The  was .
Statement: Forty percent of union members voted Republican in 2008.
Speaker: bill kristol
About the speaker: Bill Kristol is the editor at large of the Weekly Standard, a conservative magazine. He previously served as chief of staff to Vice President Dan Quayle during the Bush administration and to Secretary of Education William Bennett under President Reagan.
Date: July 3, 2011
Location: national
Topics: elections;labor;workers
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: And that pattern continued until McCain in 2008, with the gap bouncing between 11 and 13 points from 1984 to 2004. So there’s some support for the notion that Republicans are doing pretty well among union voters these days. Kristol’s recollection on Fox News Sunday was very close to reality. We’re only lowering him a notch due to a lack of clarity about whether he meant union members as opposed to union households, and about which 2008 election he meant -- presidential or House. On balance, we rate his statement .
Statement: Says an ICE detainer request "is not a valid warrant.
Speaker: quentin miller
About the speaker: Quentin Miller was elected Sheriff of Buncombe County in 2018.
Date: February 26, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: immigration
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: But the court system has  ruled that Miller is right. We rate this  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] .
Statement: Joe Biden announced to the world tonight that they are going to cheat by dumping ballots.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 3, 2022
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Counting mail ballots takes time and only some states allow election officials to start processing mail ballots before Election Day. Election experts have previously told PolitiFact that it can take days or longer to declare a winner in close races, and that pace does not signal fraud. What’s more, the partisan divide in preferred voting methods suggest that Republican votes are more likely to be counted first in key states than are Democratic votes. This is sometimes referred to as the "red mirage" — a pattern whereby in-person ballot tallies outpace the more time-consuming processes required of tabulating of mail ballots. We rate the  that Biden admitted to plans to dump ballots on election night !
Statement: Seventy of Ohio's 88 counties now have more than 25 percent of their residents eligible for emergency food.
Speaker: dennis kucinich
About the speaker: Dennis Kucinich is running in the Democratic primary for governor of Ohio in 2018. Kucinich was elected to Congress in 1996. He previously served as a member of the city council and as mayor in Cleveland, the city where he was born in 1946. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Case Western University. He has been married since 2005 to Elizabeth Harper. He was married twice before and has one child. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 25, 2008.
Date: June 1, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;families;poverty
Context: a House committee hearing
Fact-check justification: The Ohio Department of Development data shows that in 70 of the state's 88 counties, at least 25 percent of their citizens live  at or below 200 percent of the federal poverty level -- and are therefore eligible for emergency food. The level drops below 20 percent in only three counties -- Medina, Delaware and Warren -- but tops 45 percent in five: Adams, Meigs, Morgan, Pike and Vinton. In rural Morgan County, 51 percent of residents live below the self-sufficiency level. The data shows that Kucinich’s statement is both accurate and not lacking significant details. On the -O-Meter, his  rates as .
Statement: Mary "Burke's record: 130,000 fewer jobs.
Speaker: republican governors association
About the speaker: the gubernatorial campaign arm of the Republican Party.
Date: September 23, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a campaign TV ad
Fact-check justification: But also not 130,000. Our rating The Republican Governors Association said Mary Burke’s record is one of "130,000 fewer jobs." But that number corresponds to Doyle’s second term, not Burke’s time as head of Commerce -- a period that saw an increase. Even with the most charitable of possible interpretations, the number is . We rate the   (Read our tipsheet on five things to watch for when you hear jobs claims)
Statement: Ronald Reagan's signature on the 1986 amnesty act" gave Barack Obama about 15 million additional Hispanic votes in 2012.
Speaker: steve king
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Steve King is a Republican congressman from Iowa.
Date: May 23, 2013
Location: national
Topics: immigration;elections
Context: a House floor speech
Fact-check justification: King said that when Reagan signed the 1986 act, he prompted such a growth in the Hispanic electorate that it accounted for Obama’s margin of victory in 2012. It’s no secret that long-term growth in the Hispanic population -- stemming from overall immigration policies, higher birth rates and other factors -- has aided Obama’s electoral prospects. However, very little of this growth stems from the law Reagan signed, and King’s estimate of the number of family members indirectly legalized by the law is far too high. The actual impact from the 1986 act is far more modest, adding potentially between 300,000 and 600,000 votes for Obama, rather than 4.7 million. We rate King’s  .
Statement: Says the average Ohio student graduates from a four-year college or university with nearly $27,000 in tuition debt.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: April 15, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: education
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: He cites the correct figure from a survey on debt among college students. But he describes those affected by debt too broadly, applying the average to all rather than just those who graduate with loan balances. Including all students would lower the average for loan debt by about a third. That’s an important detail needed to fully understand Brown’s . On the -O-Meter, Brown’s statement rates as .
Statement: After the 2001 and 2003 Bush tax rate cuts ... there was more money coming into the treasury.
Speaker: ron christie
About the speaker: Ron Christie is the president of Christie Strategies and a columnist for the Daily Beast.
Date: June 12, 2015
Topics: taxes;punditfact
Context: a panel discussion on HBO's "Real Time with Bill Maher"
Fact-check justification: Christie said that government revenues increased after the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts. Christie is cherry-picking his start and end dates and making flawed calculations to support his point. Data shows, and experts agree, that a complete picture of the Bush tax cuts shows that revenues initially went down, then up, then down again. Measured against the size of the economy, federal revenues at the end of Bush’s term were smaller than when he took office. Christie’s statement has some superficial accuracy but a more complete picture shows that he has omitted many details that would lead to a different conclusion. We rate this  .
Statement: Under conservative leadership, Congress has reduced the federal deficit by 60 percent – nearly $800 billion.
Speaker: american action network
About the speaker: The American Action Network is a conservative, nonprofit advocacy organization. Its leadership includes Republican former officials.
Date: December 8, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: congress;deficit;economy;federal budget
Context: a newspaper ad
Fact-check justification: The deficit reduction is actually somewhat larger for the period cited by the network, 2010 to 2015. But for most of that period, Republicans controlled only the House. Meanwhile, Democrats controlled the Senate for nearly the entire period, with fellow Democrat Obama in the White House. And the recovering economy, boosting tax revenues, has played a greater role as politicians in bringing deficits down. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression -- our definition of .
Statement: The money for upgrades to the Milwaukee Brewers stadium in Evers' budget is "a bipartisan plan.
Speaker: tony evers
About the speaker: Tony Evers, a Democrat, was elected Wisconsin governor in November 2018. His term begins in January 2019. Evers has served as the Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction, a non-partisan position, since 2009. He previously worked as a teacher and school district administrator.
Date: March 8, 2023
Location: wisconsin
Topics: baseball;sports;state budget
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: According to Evers, the money for upgrades to the Milwaukee Brewers stadium in the governor’s budget is "a bipartisan plan." There are some prominent people with Republican ties who are part of a group that supports the plan, which the Evers administration developed with the Brewers. But that’s a far cry from describing the plan itself as bipartisan, particularly when it is being introduced as part of the budget process, which requires Republicans’ support to secure passage. And no incumbent Republican state lawmaker has come out in favor of the plan, let alone any legislative leaders. For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate this  .
Statement: George Allen cast "the deciding vote" for the 2003 Bush tax cuts.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: December 7, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: voting record;taxes
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Fans would marvel at how Jones’ shot won the game. But Kaine, under his logic, could attribute the ‘‘deciding’’ basket to anyone who scored for the winning team, including Smith, who sank a free throw in the second quarter. It would be  to spread word that Smith hit the the game winner. It is similarly  for Kaine to  Allen cast the "deciding vote" on the 2003 tax cuts when Cheney broke the tie at the end. We rate Kaine’s statement .
Statement: At the PEAK of slavery in 1860, only 1.4% of Americans owned slaves. What your history books (don't) tell you is that 3,000 blacks owned a total of 20,000 slaves the same year.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 22, 2017
Topics: civil rights;history;race and ethnicity;punditfact
Context: social media feeds
Fact-check justification: The viral post said that "at the PEAK of slavery in 1860, only 1.4% of Americans owned slaves. What your history books doesn’t tell you is that 3,000 blacks owned a total of 20,000 slaves the same year." In reality, far more than 1.4 percent of families in slaveholding states -- the most reasonable way to measure it -- owned slaves. The number was between 20 and 25 percent, and in some states, the rate was twice as high. As for black-owned slaves, they certainly existed, but they represented a tiny fraction of all slaves in the United States, and many were likely "owned" by their spouses or parents due to the prevailing laws in many slaveholding states. We rate the statement .