chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Ukraine adopted "laws banning the Russian language.
Speaker: sergey lavrov
About the speaker: Sergey Lavrov has been the minister of foreign affairs for Russia since 2004. Previously, he served as Russia's permanent representative to the United Nations.
Date: June 6, 2022
Topics: ukraine;russia
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: The law requires Ukrainian to be primarily used in business, school and media settings. However, it does not ban the use of Russian or other languages. Lavrov referenced the banning and prohibition of Russian in Ukraine, particularly in "education, the media, everyday contacts," during a press conference. Despite a language law that establishes Ukrainian as the country’s official language and prioritizes its use in civil society, Russian has not been banned. We rate Lavrov’s statement .
Statement: 101 utilities cut rates, credit GOP tax cuts.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 7, 2018
Location: national
Topics: energy;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted, "101 utilities cut rates, credit GOP tax cuts." The list comes from a organization that strongly supported the tax bill. The tally of rate cuts is well-documented, and the group acknowledges that it is not comprehensive. That said, it’s worth noting that public utility customers will not see the same types of rate cuts cited in the list, which is about one-third of Americans. Trump’s tweet seeks full credit for the tax law, while glossing over the role of energy regulations that mandate that utility savings be passed along to customers. We rate the statement .
Statement: We were told there would never be a case of Ebola in the United States.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: October 12, 2014
Location: national
Topics: ebola;health care;military;public health;public safety
Context: comments on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: McCain said, "We were told there would never be a case of Ebola in the United States." Based on public statements, Obama and CDC officials have repeatedly said there’s a chance an Ebola case could appear in the United States, but the possibility of an outbreak is extremely low. We found no instance in which an official said Ebola would "never" make it here -- rather, it has always been acknowledged as a possibility. We rate McCain’s  .
Statement: In fact, 85 percent of Oregonians voted in 2008.
Speaker: democratic party of oregon
About the speaker: The Democratic Party of Oregon says it "promotes the election of Democratic candidates at every level across the state of Oregon with technical, financial and volunteer support."
Date: November 2, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: voting record
Context: a doorknob flier
Fact-check justification: Oregon did have a fairly high voter participation rate in 2008. If the flier had said that Oregon’s turnout in 2008 was 85 percent, or that 85 percent of voters cast a ballot that year, we wouldn’t have a problem with the . But to say that 85 percent of Oregonians voted in 2008 is just plain . We rate the  . Comment on this item.
Statement: Did you know US population growth is at its lowest since the Great Depression?
Speaker: robert sarvis
About the speaker: Robert Sarvis, a Virginia libertarian, is running for the U.S. Senate in 2014. He ran unsuccessfully for fovernor in 2013.
Sarvis has earned degrees in mathematics from Harvard University and the University of Cambridge, a J.D. from N.Y.U. School of Law, and a Master's in economics from George Mason University. He has a diverse professional background, with experience as an entrepreneur and small-business owner, a software engineer and mobile-app developer, a math teacher, and a lawyer.
Date: March 31, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: immigration;population
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Sarvis said the U.S. population growth is at its lowest level since the Great Depression. The figures back him up and we rate his statement .
Statement: Says Rick Scott "cut education to pay for even more tax breaks for big, powerful, well-connected corporations.
Speaker: florida democratic party
About the speaker: the Florida affiliate of the Democratic Party.
Date: July 1, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: education;taxes
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A TV ad by the Florida Democratic Party says Scott "cut education to pay for even more tax breaks for big, powerful, well-connected corporations." Scott and the Legislature did cut K-12 in 2011 and money for universities in 2012. And Scott and the Legislature implemented a series of business tax breaks in 2012. However, the ad  when it focuses attention on tax breaks for "big, powerful, well-connected corporations." Some such companies benefited, but so did many other types of businesses. And the question of whether the tax cuts and the education cuts had any causal relationship is murkier than the ad lets on. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, so we rate this  .
Statement: (Mexican immigrants) are more law-abiding than U.S. citizens and that is a statistic.
Speaker: gary johnson
About the speaker: Gary Johnson is the Libertarian nominee for president in 2016. He was also the party's nominee in 2012. He previously served as governor of New Mexico as a Republican.
Date: July 3, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Johnson said Mexican immigrants are not "murderers and rapists" but are actually "more law-abiding than U.S. citizens and that is a statistic." Numerous studies by scholars and partisan groups show that the foreign-born population is less likely to commit crimes than the native-born, and experts say this includes Mexican immigrants. Researchers agree more data is needed to get a better understanding of immigration and crime, but the information available does not disprove Johnson’s point. We rate Johnson’s statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/67eae50a-55c4-485e-bd36-697619caa1a5
Statement: Elizabeth Townsend runs the elections office that omitted a school board race on a ballot and gave a School Board candidate "faulty advice.
Speaker: shirley anderson
About the speaker: Shirley Anderson is a candidate for the Hernando County Supervisor of Elections in 2012.
Date: October 17, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a campaign flyer
Fact-check justification: Anderson's flier claims Townsend runs the elections office. That overstates her opponent's role. Both Townsend's job description and her boss make it very clear: The supervisor of elections runs the Supervisor of Elections Office. But Townsend also stretched the  by claiming to run or operate the office. They are both  statements. As for connecting Townsend to the incidents cited in the mailer, Anderson misleads voters. Townsend had no role in them. For stretching the  and  voters, PolitiFact rates this  .
Statement: Mr. Caprio is a career politician who has never worked in the private sector.
Speaker: john robitaille
About the speaker: John Robitaille made an unsuccessful run for governor in 2010 as a Republican. A graduate of Providence College, Robitaille served five years in the Army, worked in employee and labor relations and served as communications director for Republican Gov. Donald Carcieri.
Date: August 12, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a campaign news release
Fact-check justification: But to call someone "a career politician" suggests that's all he did. And the fact remains that Caprio had a legal career that spanned 15 years. Not only that, in working for himself as a private practice lawyer, he ran precisely the kind of small business that Robitaille says Caprio has no experience with. It's clear the Robitaille team issued this statement without doing even the smallest bit of research, so it's tempting to award him a . But since the campaign corrected the , we'll leave the lighter fluid alone and call his  exactly what they acknowledged it to be: .
Statement: Parents who challenge school curriculums are domestic terrorist(s).
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 13, 2021
Topics: terrorism;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that "parents who challenge school curriculums" were labeled "domestic terrorists." The FBI was ordered to work to address criminal threats against school officials and staff. Garland’s memo underscored that "spirited debate" is protected by the Constitution. A bulletin about the level of threat environment in the U.S. fueled some claims that those who oppose coronavirus safety restrictions were labeled domestic terrorists, but that is not the case. We rate this  .
Statement: A mortgage buyback plan is "my proposal, it's not Sen. Obama's proposal, it's not President Bush's proposal.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: October 7, 2008
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Nashville, Tenn
Fact-check justification: And it's  that Obama has called for a component of the buyout plan to include direct purchase of mortgages to alleviate homeowners struggling to make payments. Finally, it's  that Clinton sketched out a plan last spring that shared some of the goals and traits of McCain's proposal. The method McCain proposes — buying mortgages at their original value and renegotiating at the current market value (with taxpayers picking up the difference) — is indeed new. But while McCain can rightly take credit for the details of his proposal, he is by no means alone with the idea of having the federal government buy mortgages directly. We rate his statement .
Statement: George Allen's flat tax "plan would actually shrink revenues further than the Perry (flat tax) plan.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: October 31, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The basis of Kaine’s charge are Allen’s statements that a flat tax rate could be set at "say, 17 percent." That’s hardly a plan or an endorsement of a flat tax rate, so there’s no substance to compare to Perry’s proposal. We don’t fault Kaine for demanding specificity from Allen. But Kaine goes too far when he tries to create a plan for Allen based on inconclusive statements. We rate Kaine’s  .
Statement: Mosquitoes can transfer COVID-19 "from person to person
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 22, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said mosquitoes can transfer COVID-19 "from person to person" Major health organizations said that mosquitoes do not transfer the virus. Instead, it is transferred via droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose. Without  to support the , we rate this statement .
Statement: Video shows a child who tested positive for COVID-19 "being separated from their parents.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 19, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But the article doesn’t describe anything like the scene in the video that’s gone viral online. Rather, it says, the children in the hospital’s COVID ward have to be admitted "because their parents are too sick to care for them." Most children with COVID-19 are treated at home, the story says.   We couldn’t find any  to corroborate the  that the video in social media posts showed a child being ripped from their parents because they tested positive for COVID-19.   We rate this post .
Statement: Kesha Rogers is not a Democrat.
Speaker: gilberto hinojosa
About the speaker: Gilberto Hinojosa, a former elected judge for Cameron County in the Rio Grande Valley, won election as chairman of the Texas Democratic Party in June 2012.
Date: February 25, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;voting record
Context: an email blast
Fact-check justification: Hinojosa said Rogers isn’t a Democrat. We don’t see how to factually reconcile this statement, tied to disagreement with Rogers’ anti-Obama views, with Rogers twice winning primaries to become the party’s nominee for a House seat. Under state law, too, a voter affiliates with a party by voting in its primary, which Rogers has done repeatedly. We rate this  as .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The biggest contribution" behind a decrease in U.S. unemployment "was 1.2 million people leaving the workforce
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: February 10, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Gingrich’s  that "the biggest contribution" behind easing unemployment "was 1.2 million people leaving the workforce" is based on a bad interpretation of the data that is easy to avoid. BLS numbers suggest the number of those not in the workforce is actually shrinking. Other measures support this conclusion. How can the "biggest contribution" to a decline in unemployment be a shrinking workforce when the numbers suggest the opposite is taking place? Gingrich earns a .
Statement: World renowned experts" declare that we should "live normally, practice simple hygiene," stay home when sick and use protective measures only with "the most vulnerable populations.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 22, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says "world renowned experts in their fields" have determined that the vulnerable should still be protected amid COVID-19, but those without underlying medical conditions should immediately be allowed to resume life as normal. Three scientists authored a declaration that calls for what they termed "focused protection" — shielding the vulnerable while otherwise healthy people to return to schools, offices and restaurants. Readers who see the social media post and nothing else will be left with the  impression about the safety of such a plan. It was immediately denounced by top health officials and thousands of doctors and scientists around the world, who say that the plan is dangerous and nearly impossible to execute in a world where vulnerable populations cannot ethically live in isolation. The post is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: There's been no conclusive or specific report to say" Russia was trying to muddy the election.
Speaker: reince priebus
About the speaker: Reince Priebus was the first chief of staff to President Donald Trump, replaced by John Kelly in July 2017. Priebus was previously chairman of the Republican National Committee, a post he assumed in 2011. He is also the former chairman of the Republican Party of Wisconsin. He was an unsuccessful Wisconsin state Senate candidate in 2004. He is a Kenosha, Wis., native and lawyer.
Date: December 11, 2016
Location: national
Topics: elections;foreign policy
Context: comments on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Priebus said that "there's been no conclusive or specific report to say" Russia was trying to muddy the election. In fact, in early October, the director of national intelligence, representing 17 intelligence agencies, and the secretary of the Department of Homeland Security said they were confident that the Russian government had directed the email hacks of the Democratic National Committee and a top Clinton adviser. And that the intent was to "interfere with the U.S. election process." That’s unambiguous language, and Priebus denied its existence twice during his NBC interview. The  flies in the face of plain words from two of the highest ranking intelligence and security officials. We rate it .
Statement: The Department of Health and Human Services is providing $160 million to the state of Pennsylvania to set up a new high-risk insurance pool program that would cover any abortion legal in the state.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: July 13, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: abortion;health care
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The Obama administration has clearly stated it won’t allow abortion to be covered under the new plans, save for cases of rape, incest or to save the life of the mother. State officials in Pennsylvania and Ohio have insisted their new programs will comply with the federal ban. The high-risk plans in question are designed to cover older people with chronic health conditions rather than the healthy young women most likely to seek elective abortions. We find Boehner’s statement to be . Comment on this item .
Statement: Says Kanye West got 40,000 votes in the presidential election in Kentucky.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 15, 2020
Topics: elections;pop culture;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "They were simply part of a test. We regret the discovery of the cached web link and have removed the data from that page. We apologize for any confusion. "  Early voting is underway in Kentucky but the State Board of Elections has not yet posted any results . We rate this  .
Statement: Pelosi's Secret Overseas Mission Included 93 Family Members
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 19, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: In a blog post
Fact-check justification: But the link attached leads back to a Trump's letter to Pelosi , which did not mention her family. On Twitter, @BLUEPRINT_Q linked to tweets by another conspiracy theory peddler, @5Strat. According to that user, the 93 family members were not only Pelosi’s own children and grandchildren, but her colleagues’ family members. There are no credible sources to back this . We rate it !
Statement: Our debt to GDP ratios, our deficit to GDP ratios are quickly approaching the countries we have been reading about for the last year and a half. We are not far behind Ireland, Greece, Portugal and Spain and all these countries we have been reading about.
Speaker: jim jordan
About the speaker: Jim Jordan is a member of the House of Representative from Ohio's 4th Congressional District. A conservative Republican, Jordan is chair of the Republican Study Committee.
Date: January 20, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: deficit;federal budget;trade
Context: a speech to the Heritage Foundation
Fact-check justification: But it’s not clear that attaining those debt levels would cause the catastrophic economic damage he implies. Other countries with high debt-to-GDP ratios haven’t imploded, but specifically citing nations like Ireland and Greece implies that disaster is near for the United States economy. In reality, the United States, with its ability to control its own monetary supply, has lots more going for it than Ireland or Greece. Those are important details needed to put Jordan’s statement in proper context. On the -O-Meter, we rate Jordan’s  as .
Statement: President Barack Obama and Secretary of State John Kerry agreed "to lift Iran's economic and arms sanctions without any proof of change in conduct.
Speaker: lynn westmoreland
About the speaker: Rep. Lynn Westmoreland is a Republican from Georgia.
Date: September 11, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: nuclear
Context: press release
Fact-check justification: U.S. Rep. Lynn Westmoreland said that President Obama and Secretary of State Kerry agreed to lift Iran’s economic and arms sanctions without any proof of change in conduct. The Iran deal may be less than perfect. And there’s certainly reason to be dubious of Iran, one of only three nations that remain on the State Department’s list of state sponsors of terrorism. But most experts say the agreement does require Iran to make significant changes before some, if not all, sanctions are removed and pushes back the timeframe on Iran’s ability to make a bomb. We rate Westmoreland’s statement  .
Statement: America's wealthiest 25 percent pay 86 percent of total income taxes. Wealthiest 5 percent pay 60 percent of total income taxes.
Speaker: tom graves
About the speaker: Tom Graves represents Georgia's 9th Congressional District.
Date: April 13, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: a Twitter post
Fact-check justification: Toder noted that the current annual income cap on Social Security is $106,800, which is less than what the top 5 percent of earners pay. Obama said Tuesday that he wants to raise the income cap on Social Security. Graves was off by a percentage point in relaying the figure for the top 5 percent, but both of his numbers are very close to the IRS data. And while using only the federal income tax as a stand-in for the total federal tax burden paints a somewhat skewed picture, Graves was careful to make his words in the tweet accurate. So we rate his  as .