chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Sen. Hutchison abandoned Republicans and stood with Democrats to ensure health care legislation would pass quickly.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: December 20, 2009
Location: texas
Topics: health care
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The Perry campaign hasn't offered  to prove Hutchison blessed the Democratic health plan in any way other than casting a vote on that defense bill after the outcome was determined. Asked why Hutchison signed off on taking up the earlier spending measure -- surely knowing her vote might generate sparks back home -- Hutchison spokesman Joe Pounder said: "After the Democrats had their 60, Sen. Hutchison felt it was important to register her vote for our defense priorities." Significantly, Hutchison later joined fellow Republicans and voted against passage of the Democratic health plan. In claiming that Hutchison paved the way for the Democratic health bill, the Perry campaign leaped to a conclusion not supported by the facts. We give the Perry campaign's statement a ruling of .
Statement: The president promised to close the space gap, but he now seems intent on repeating the events that created the space gap in the first place -- putting in place a new rocket design and then trying to underfund the effort...
Speaker: bill posey
About the speaker: Republican U.S. Rep. Bill Posey represents the 15th district of Florida.
Date: February 14, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: science
Context: a press release responding to Obama's budget proposal
Fact-check justification: So back to our questions: Did Obama promise two years ago "to close the space gap?" Has a new rocket design been put into place, and is it properly funded? Posey is correct that Obama said he intended to close the space gap, and he supported man living and working in space. But, the Obama administration has decreased funding for the space-flight vessels in favor of increasing funding for climate research projects. However, NASA's funding issues did not suddenly emerge under the Obama administration. A 2007 report from the GAO projected an "already troubling funding profile projected for human spaceflight activities." Even NASA has said it can't complete the projects with the current budget constraints. So while Obama has reduced spending, the projects in question have long been struggling to get adequate support to move forward. We rate this  .
Statement: Today, 27 million people .. are enslaved.
Speaker: bob corker
About the speaker: Bob Corker is a senator from Tennessee.
Date: February 15, 2017
Topics: global news service;human rights;foreign policy;workers
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: Corker said 27 million people are enslaved worldwide. He acknowledged that it is difficult to put a precise number on modern slavery. We found that different estimates defined slavery in different ways and used different methods to arrive at a number. Estimates range from 20 million to 46 million. Among the experts we reached who question the higher estimates, we heard that Corker’s figure is in the right range. We rate this  .
Statement: Says the United States has "the world's greatest health care system.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: August 28, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: health care
Context: the keynote address at the Republican National Convention
Fact-check justification: In his keynote address, Christie claimed the United States has "the world’s greatest health care system." However, studies have suggested the quality of the U.S. health care system is a mixed bag. For example, the United States has fallen behind some other nations for access to care and childhood vaccination rates, but in terms of cancer care, the United States is outperforming most other developed countries. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/c699e166-f80d-4aee-9960-57ce6da0d33d
Statement: The increase in the current state budget was greater than the inflation rate and the rate of population growth in Georgia.
Speaker: libertarian party of georgia
About the speaker: The Libertarian Party of Georgia was founded in 1972, according to its website.
Date: December 6, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: state budget
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: To summarize, the Libertarian Party of Georgia claimed that the increase in the current state budget was greater than the inflation rate and the rate of population growth in Georgia. Their numbers are accurate, but per capita state spending is actually less than it was a decade ago and has been flat since the recession. Meanwhile, Georgia has had a record number of college students and has other areas where it must spend more. The  is technically accurate, but it ignores some facts that would give readers a different impression. Under our rating system, this  is .
Statement: mRNA in food is being tested by USDA now.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 2, 2023
Location: national
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post said the USDA is testing mRNA in food. This is . The USDA confirmed that it isn’t y testing mRNA in meat or poultry, the food products it oversees, and that there are no mRNA vaccines approved or under trial for cattle in the U.S. The FDA confirmed that it doesn’t test for mRNA in milk. In the clip, McCollough misrepresents a study that used molecules from cow’s milk to stabilize mRNA that was later injected into the intestines of mice to eventually elicit an immune response. The research did not show, as McCollough claimed, that mRNA can be ingested via milk and cross the gastrointestinal barrier into the bloodstream. We rate this .
Statement: Wearing masks has not been demonstrated to make a significant impact in preventing the spread of COVID.
Speaker: bob good
About the speaker: Bob Good is the 2020 Republican nominee for Virginia's 5th Congressional District seat. A self-described biblical conservative, Good is a former associate athletic director at Liberty University, and served a term on the Campbell County's Board of Supervisors.
Good defeated incumbent Rep. Denver Riggleman at a convention in June 2020 to win the 5th District's GOP nominaion. He is opposed in the general election by Democrat Cameron Webb, a Charlottesville physician.
Webb graduated from Liberty in 1988 with a degree in finance.
Date: July 26, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Good points to outlier studies to back his . In one, a Catalonian sample group received no benefit from wearing masks. The other study, from India, found benefits from masks but was rejected in peer review. What Good ignores is a wide body of research from around the world that found mask wearing to noticeably reduce infection rates. We rate Good’s  .
Statement: Fifty-one percent of our taxes are paid by 2% of New Yorkers.
Speaker: eric adams
About the speaker: Eric Adams was elected mayor of New York City in 2021. He has previously served in the New York State Senate, as Brooklyn borough president, and in the New York City Police Department. 
Date: January 7, 2023
Location: new york
Topics: city budget;taxes
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Adams claimed that 51% of city taxes are paid by 2% of New Yorkers.  If he had specified income taxes in his statement, we would have given a  ruling. The budget analysts who study the numbers confirm as much.  The mayor was talking about personal income taxes, his spokesperson said.  But someone listening to Adams’ interview would not necessarily have known that because Adams did not offer that qualification.  Given his past similar statements in which he specified it was income taxes he was talking about, we do not see this as a case in which he was trying to mislead the audience.  But because his statement on the radio show was accurate but needed clarification, we rate his statement as .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "erased all of her emails even though they were subject to recall and review by Congress.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: April 12, 2015
Topics: candidate biography;punditfact
Context: comments on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Romney said that Clinton "erased all of her emails even though they were subject to recall and review by Congress." Romney got it  when he spoke of all of her emails. We know that about 30,000 emails   were turned over to the State Department. Romney’s words about recall and review by Congress are ambiguous. In terms of preserving records, legal experts agree that Congress has no direct role. That is a function of the executive branch. In terms of a congressional investigation, a legal expert told us Clinton did respond to congressional subpoenas, and there is no proof she destroyed  subject to a congressional investigation. Romney’s statement contains an element of  -- Clinton did delete some emails -- but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: A New York law makes it "now perfectly legal to murder" a baby a minute before it would be born.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 23, 2019
Topics: abortion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post oversimplifies and distorts what the New York law allows. The Reproductive Health Act permits abortion after 24 weeks of pregnancy only if the mother’s life or health are threatened or if the fetus isn’t viable. The post doesn’t make clear significant restrictions still apply to the new law; rather, it gives the opposite impression. We rate this post .
Statement: Recent haze in New York City was caused by "Bill Gates' sun-dimming technology.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 18, 2023
Location: new york
Topics: fires;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: His only connection to the research is through a donation to Harvard’s Solar Geoengineering Research Program, which, in turn, is providing part of the funding for this project.   Recent smoky skies in New York were thanks to wildfires burning in Canada, according to the National Weather Service — not sun-dimming technology.   On June 7, for example, "a stalled low-pressure system near Maine and the Canadian Maritime Provinces" sustained northerly winds from fires burning in Quebec and directed the smoke into portions of the northeastern United States. Satellite images show the smoke moving in from the north.   We rate claims that the obscured skies were caused by Gates or supposed "sun-dimming technology" .
Statement: Our small staff of 51 is still fewer than we had a decade ago, yet our caseload -- like that of other courts -- has grown.
Speaker: carol hunstein
About the speaker: Carol Hunstein is the chief justice of the Georgia Supreme Court.
Date: January 25, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: In 2002, the Georgia Supreme Court reported a total of 1,872 cases to the NCSC. The numbers we’ve seen show the Georgia Supreme Court does have fewer employees than it did in 2002. We’ve seen data from the court and the NCSC that show a higher caseload. Our verdict is in. We rate Justice Hunstein’s  as .
Statement: Sen. McConnell offered a fully paid two-month extension of unemployment insurance.
Speaker: john cornyn
About the speaker: John Cornyn is a U.S. senator from Texas, former Texas attorney general and former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He earlier served as a Bexar County state district judge.
Date: July 1, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: economy;federal budget
Context: a conference call with Texas reporters
Fact-check justification: Thomas Mann, a congressional scholar at Brookings, said that in the past, it was broadly accepted that additional spending on unemployment benefits during a serious economic downturn wasn’t harmful to the economy. Similarly, most of the funding during the last eight years for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan was treated as emergency spending and not included in the regular budget, he said. In 2005, for example, Congress approved Bush’s request for $51.8 billion in emergency spending — $1.4 billion to the military, $400 million to the Army Corps of Engineers, and $50 billion to "disaster relief’ (the legislation came in the wake of Hurricane Katrina). Summing up: Of late, congressional efforts to extend unemployment insurance benefits have failed — including McConnell's proposal to finance an extension by paying for it with stimulus funding. We rate Cornyn's statement as .
Statement: When Joe Biden's son Hunter was serving as "a director to Ukraine's largest private gas producer," the elder Biden "threatened to withhold $1 BILLION in U.S. aid to Ukraine if they didn't fire a prosecutor looking into" the gas company.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 2, 2019
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;corrections and updates;foreign policy
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: The viral image said that when Hunter Biden was serving as "a director to Ukraine’s largest private gas producer," his father "threatened to withhold $1 BILLION in U.S. aid to Ukraine if they didn’t fire a prosecutor looking into" the gas company. The image gets individual pieces of this assertion right -- Hunter Biden was a director of the company, and Joe Biden did leverage U.S. aid to fire a prosecutor. But it overreaches by assuming that Joe Biden acted to protect the company his son was affiliated with. In reality, there was widespread agreement in the West that the existing prosecutor had to go, and it’s not clear that the company would have benefited from his ouster anyway, given  that its cases had long been dormant. That said, experts criticize the Bidens for their arrangement, saying it could have been a significant conflict of interest. We rate the statement . CORRECTION, May 8, 2019 : This version clarifies that Hunter Biden and Devon Archer were the two partners who "pursued business with international entities." Christopher Heinz was not a part of those pursuits
Statement: Bill Gates is behind the monkeypox outbreaks.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 21, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: However, Dr. David Heymann, a leading adviser to the organization who formerly headed its emergencies department, said that its spread in developed countries is "a random event" that appears to have been the result of intimate contact between people who attended two recent raves in Europe, The Associated Press reported May 23. Human-to-human transmission of monkeypox happens through contact with skin lesions, bodily fluids, contaminated clothing and bedding, or close-range and prolonged exposure to respiratory droplets. In the United States, the confirmed and probable cases involve people who have recently traveled outside of the country.   We found no  to support the  that Gates is behind the outbreaks.   We rate that  .
Statement: Inner-city crime is reaching record levels.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 29, 2016
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;crime;race and ethnicity
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said that "inner-city crime is reaching record levels." Criminologists say that it is worth watching the recent jump in homicides in certain big cities to see whether it represents a lasting trend or just a blip. However, the homicide rate and the violent crime rate has fallen to such an extent over the past quarter century -- both in big cities and in the country at large -- that it would take many years of significant increases to return to the "record levels" of the early 1990s. We rate the statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/47151ed3-abf3-4b0c-9021-db2c19f155e6
Statement: Ketanji Brown Jackson "says she gave pedophiles lighter sentences (because) it's different when they use computers vs mail to get volumes of child porn. This makes 'total sense' according to Jackson.
Speaker: jack posobiec
About the speaker: Jack Posobiec is a conservative activist who frequently supports Donald Trump on Twitter.
Date: March 22, 2022
Topics: children;criminal justice;pundits;supreme court;facebook fact-checks;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Posobiec said, "Jackson says she gave pedophiles lighter sentences bc it’s different when they use computers vs mail to get volumes of child porn. This makes ‘total sense’ according to Jackson."  Jackson did not say this.  The full context of the clip presented in Posobiec’s tweet shows that Jackson was discussing the findings of a 2012 report from the U.S. Sentencing Commission, not explaining her own rulings or defending child pornography offenders who commit their crimes via the internet. The report detailed how the federal sentencing guidelines had fallen behind the times as the internet changed the way most child pornography offenders were accessing the content. We rate this tweet .
Statement: Every day, 34 Americans are murdered with guns.
Speaker: pardeep kaleka
About the speaker: Pardeep Kaleka is the son of Satwant Singh Kaleka, one of the victims of a mass slaying at the Sikh Temple of Wisconsin on Aug. 5, 2012. After that and other mass shootings in 2012, he joined the national Demand a Plan anti-gun violence campaign.
Date: December 17, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;crime;government regulation;guns
Context: an online video
Fact-check justification: The article quoted experts as saying improvement in medical care is a major factor in the decline in gun homicides. Our rating As part of a national campaign to address gun violence, Pardeep Kaleka, the son of a Wisconsin gun homicide victim, said: "Every day, 34 Americans are murdered with guns." The average for 2010, the most recent year for which complete figures are available, was 30. But the latest rolling five-year average, the type of measure Kaleka used, was 33, slightly less than what Kaleka claimed. We rate his statement .
Statement: I "kicked crooked cops and government officials off the public pension rolls.
Speaker: joseph fernandez
About the speaker: Joseph Fernandez was a lawyer and former city solicitor in Providence. He ran for attorney general in 2010. He died in December of that year.
Date: August 25, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: candidate biography;ethics;legal issues;crime
Context: a candidate mailing
Fact-check justification: We think the average person reading the Fernandez campaign material would be led to believe that, thanks to the work of the former city solicitor, the city is no longer paying pension money to at least two crooked police officers and two crooked government officials. That wouldn't be accurate. Fernandez and the city get credit for trying to hold public officials accountable by pursuing the pension cases. But the statement in his mailing greatly  the facts. We rate his  .
Statement: We've achieved a historic increase in defense spending to get our troops the support they so richly deserve.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 25, 2017
Location: national
Topics: economy;military
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "We've achieved a historic increase in defense spending to get our troops the support they so richly deserve." The defense spending increase Trump laid out in his 2018 budget is not an unprecedented change, regardless of whether it includes war-related spending. It’s also not the done deal Trump described. In order to actually increase defense spending, Congress will have to appropriate the funding and raise the budget cap. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama delivered $2 billion to Brazil to help with offshore drilling projects.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: August 13, 2011
Location: national
Topics: energy;foreign policy;new hampshire 2012
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Although there was an initial commitment for $2 billion, it ultimately became a $308 million loan guarantee. Second, Perry ignores that the Ex-Im Bank is an independent federal agency, and he is  to attribute its actions to Obama. The initial commitment came when it was controlled by Bush appointees. And although the Obama appointee voted for the $308 million loan guarantee, there is no  that it done at the behest of Obama. We rate this statement .