chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Donald Trump "cut funding to the CDC," "fired the Pandemic Response Team," "refused WHO tests" and "wasted two weeks calling this outbreak a 'Democrat hoax.'
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: March 15, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a screenshot
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post made four claims that criticize Trump’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The first, that he "cut funding to the CDC," is partially accurate; Trump tried to cut the agency’s funding, but Congress prevented it from happening. On the second , while saying Trump "fired" the "Pandemic Response Team" is a stretch, it’s  that National Security Council staffers left abruptly in 2018 and were not replaced.  The third , that Trump "refused WHO tests," contains a hint of , but is   since the U.S. does not usually rely on the WHO for testing protocols. And the fourth , which says Trump "wasted two weeks calling this outbreak a ‘Democrat hoax,’" is  — the president has not called the virus itself a "hoax," just the Democrats’ response to it. As a whole, the Instagram post contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . RELATED: 7 ways to avoid misinformation during the coronavirus pandemic
Statement: A recent on-air protest can't be real because "there are no live on air television broadcasts in Russia. None. Ever.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 15, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said that a Russian journalist’s protest during a state TV broadcast couldn’t be real because "there are no live on air television broadcasts in Russia. None. Ever." But experts we spoke with, including journalists who have worked in Russia, said that is not . There are many live broadcasts, including the news show that was interrupted by an employee’s protest. There has been no  presented that shows her actions were staged as part of a Russian propaganda effort. We rate this  .
Statement: Says "President Trump makes English the official language of the United States!
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 30, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: The story making the rounds on the Internet, meanwhile, says Trump purposely directed his administration to remove the translation. Even if that were  — and there’s no solid  that’s the case — it’s far from making English the nation’s official language. That would require legislation through Congress, which has been proposed in the past but never became law. This incendiary headline woefully misrepresents the actual event to which it is tied. We rate it !
Statement: NBC News "covered up Hunter Biden laptop story.
Speaker: elon musk
About the speaker: Entrepreneur and billionaire Elon Musk is the co-founder and chief executive of Tesla.
Date: May 2, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: NBC News said it was not among the select few news organizations that had been given access to key documents. NBC News said its lack of in-depth reporting in 2020 on the laptop was because of people in Trump's circle trying to limit access to the information. That’s not the same as covering up the story. Musk’s tweet gives the impression that NBC News had all the relevant information and chose not to disclose it, and that’s not accurate. We rate this  .
Statement: Joe Biden put his pants on backwards
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 10, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Other photos of Biden’s trip to Puerto Rico, including some taken by  The Associated Press and shared on the White House Twitter account also showed the president was wearing his pants correctly that day, which, if you thought this was real, should be a relief. In the wake of Hurricane Fiona, President Biden is taking additional action to build a more secure and resilient Puerto Rico – including more than $60 million in funding for storm preparation and a new Puerto Rico Grid Recovery and Modernization team. pic.twitter.com/6ZhQlfJBZB The photo in the Instagram post claiming Biden wore his pants backwards is clearly a . We rate this  Pants (worn correctly) on Fire!
Statement: The emissions generated by watching 30 minutes of Netflix is the same as driving almost 4 miles.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 5, 2022
Topics: climate change
Context: screenshot of a tweet
Fact-check justification: The  in the Facebook post said, "The emissions generated by watching 30 minutes of Netflix is the same as driving almost 4 miles."  The  is attributed to The Shift Project, which describes it as an "error" that "appeared during an interview." Carbon emissions are complicated to gauge across different people who use different devices, drive different cars, get energy from different sources, and so on. However, an estimate from the International Energy Agency estimated that when this  was made in 2019, 4 miles of driving  had more similar carbon emissions to streaming 45 hours of Netflix. We rate this comparison .
Statement: President-elect Biden steps down as president-elect.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 1, 2021
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: and "You’ve been pranked!" Biden has not stepped down.   We rate this Facebook post ! This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: The bottom line is clear: Under the policies of this unified Republican government, American workers, families, and business owners are achieving economic growth that is unmatched in recent memory. … More than 1 million new jobs have been created just since we passed tax reform last December.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: June 4, 2018
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;economy;jobs;taxes
Context: a Senate floor speech
Fact-check justification: McConnell said, "The bottom line is clear: Under the policies of this unified Republican government, American workers, families, and business owners are achieving economic growth that is unmatched in recent memory. … More than 1 million new jobs have been created just since we passed tax reform last December." Officially, it’s 1,037,000 new jobs — and it’s likely that the tax cut had some positive impact. However, it’s questionable to suggest that job growth in the past five months has been especially strong, or that recent rates of job-creation represent some kind of turnaround from a poor performance earlier. Job growth in the past five months is in line with the gains seen in previous five-month periods and in previous January-to-May periods going back nine years. We rate the statement . Correction : The original version of this fact-check misstated the last year the national unemployment rate was 3.8 percent. It was 2000.
Statement: President Obama pledged to go through the budget 'line by line,' but on his watch, non-defense spending has spiraled out of control, increasing by 67 percent in the last year alone.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: January 27, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;stimulus
Context: a live-blog post during the State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: It's a "measure of congressional intent," he said. But because Boehner wrote that nondefense spending "has spiraled out of control," to use numbers that refer to budget authority are, at best, . In this case, the difference between those two methods isn't trivial, thanks to the unusual circumstances of a massive, multiyear spending bill being passed in 2009. In essence, calculating it Boehner's way turns a comparatively modest spending increase into a whopping one. For that reason, we rate his statement .
Statement: Mitt Romney made over a hundred million dollars by shutting down (a Marion, Ind. paper) plant.
Speaker: priorities usa action
About the speaker: Priorities USA Action is a PAC that is supportive of President Barack Obama.
Date: November 2, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;corporations;message machine 2012
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A former plant employee in an ad from Priorities USA Action says, "Mitt Romney made over a hundred million dollars by shutting down our plant." The Marion plant’s purchase and closure was part of a larger investment in paper products manufacturing that earned Bain and its investors over $100 million. It’s a sad tale for Marion workers: Their plant was sold. They lost their jobs, had to reapply to make less, and went on strike. Ultimately Bain closed the plant. But shutting down the plant didn’t make Romney $100 million. That was the profit made by Bain and its investors, only some of which would have been earned by Romney. And it was earned for the entire Ampad investment — not as a result of closing a single manufacturing site. We rate the ad’s  .
Statement: Joe Biden uses the ATF to illegally track your gun transactions.
Speaker: j.d. vance
About the speaker: J.D. Vance won the U.S. Senate race in Ohio in 2022. He has also worked as an investor, commentator, and bestselling author of Hillbilly Elegy. 
Date: February 7, 2022
Location: national
Topics: ohio;guns
Context: an ad on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Vance said, "Biden uses the ATF to illegally track your gun transactions."  His campaign did not identify any actual legal infraction to back the . Some gun rights advocates warn that the vast collection of transaction records at the ATF could lay the groundwork for a national gun registry, which would be illegal. But Biden is not involved in any such effort. By law, the ATF’s largest collection of records can’t be searched by a computer. A 2016 GAO review found that the agency followed the law for these records, and had corrected its practices for other data systems it ran. We rate this  .
Statement: Abraham Hamadeh says he will "lock up doctors, nurses, pharmacists" and "punish women for abortion.
Speaker: kris mayes
About the speaker: A former Arizona Corporation Commissioner, Mayes is a candidate in 2022 for Arizona attorney general.
Date: September 25, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: abortion
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Whether the abortion law from 1864 or the one passed this year prevails, those who assist in performing abortions face criminal penalities. Under the older law, providers risk imprisonment; under the 2022 law, they don’t. Under neither law would the pregnant woman herself face that risk. Part of Mayes’s  is accurate, but it ignores important information. We rate this  .
Statement: Floyd Mayweather Jr. donates a whopping sum of money to Houston after hurricane.
Speaker: houstonchronicle-tv.com
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: August 29, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: an Internet post
Fact-check justification: While Mayweather does have a foundation that aids and promotes community groups , there has been no news that the foundation or the boxer have given money out specifically for hurricane relief. Another sign the story is  is that the same unsubstantiated details have been attributed to other boxers. This same story has already been reused, almost word-for-word, to say that boxer Manny Pacquiao gave $50 million to the city for hurricane relief. How or why this post has ended up on other sites is hard to say, but it doesn’t go the distance on our -O-Meter. We rate it !
Statement: I get the most money from active duty officers and military personnel.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: November 28, 2007
Location: national
Topics: ethics
Context: St. Petersburg
Fact-check justification: "It doesn't mean it reflects the views of anyone else in the military. It just may be the way this small slice of people is making a statement, because it's one of the ways they can make a statement. If you're active military, there aren't too many ways you can protest the mission you've been assigned." John McCain comes in third, with CRP reporting he received $40,000 and the Chronicle saying $48,208. McCain was a Vietnam War prisoner and backs the surge in Iraq.
Statement: Del. Ben Chafin "took money away" from Southwest Virginia schools while voting to build a "politician's palace.
Speaker: mike hymes
About the speaker: Mike Hymes, a Tazewell County supervisor, is running for the Virgnia State Senate in the 38th District. Hymes worked as coal miner and now is the corporate director of human resources at James River Coal Company.
Hymes is a 1967 graduate of Tazewell High School and received a business administration bachelor's degree from Concord College in 1971 and a business administration master's degree from West Virginia College of Graduate Studies. He has long been active in the local community, winning volunteer of the year and most outstanding fundraiser from the United Way of Southwest Virginia.
Date: July 16, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: corrections and updates;education;state budget
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Hymes suggests there’s a tie between education spending and a new office building for legislators. School aid comes from the general fund, which is supported by sales and income taxes, while the construction project would have been a separate expense covered by borrowing money through bonds. They come from two distinct parts of the budget and a bond sale would not have hurt the amount of general fund money available for schools. That misplaced comparison is compounded by an  statement regarding funding for Southwest Virginia schools. Chafin did not take money away from schools. Overall, schools in Southwest Virginia will see an increase both in total state aid and state aid per pupil under the recently approved budget. We rate the  . CORRECTION: An earlier version was  on teacher pay for the coming school year. Teachers will not receive a pay increase.
Statement: Says Republican Sen. John McCain won more votes for president in Cuyahoga County in the 2008 general election than he did in seven states.
Speaker: kevin dewine
About the speaker: Kevin DeWine is the former chairman of the Ohio Republican Party. He was elected the party's chief executive officer Jan. 16, 2009. He resigned in April 2012.
As party chair, DeWine is responsible for the management of all party operations and services, including candidate recruitment, campaign support, training, fundraising, voter contact programs and legal strategies. He also is a member of the Republican National Committee, where he sits on the party's ethics and site selection committees.
He previously served four terms in the Ohio House of Representatives.
 
Date: August 22, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: elections
Context: a speech at a GOP dinner
Fact-check justification: So how many votes did McCain win in the county? The last amended 2008 general election results on file with the Cuyahoga County Board of Elections shows that McCain received 199,880, or about 30 percent. Democrat Barack Obama received 458,422 votes. Comparing this figure against the state vote totals, McCain indeed racked up more votes in Cuyahoga County than he did in seven states. Obama carried these four states, shown here with McCain’s vote totals:
Statement: Rob Portman won the fewest votes of all Ohio U. S. Senate victors since 2000.
Speaker: ohio democratic party
About the speaker: Statewide organization for Ohio's Democrats.
Date: June 3, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: elections;negative campaigning
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Take away those two and simply compare 2006 and 2010, or use all four elections but consider the margins of victory rather than each winner’s raw vote total. Using the latter measure, Portman would rank third out of four in margin of victory. Brown garnered more votes in 2006 than did Portman in 2010, but Portman won his lower-turnout election by a wider margin.    These matters -- presidential-versus-non-presidential elections, and margins of victory -- must be mentioned to fully understand the Democrats’ . That’s why despite its narrow accuracy, we reduce it a notch to .
Statement: A Texas law "will repatriate $1 billion of gold bullion from the Federal Reserve in New York to Texas.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: June 12, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: state budget;wealth
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Abbott said the new law "will repatriate $1 billion of gold bullion from the Federal Reserve in New York to Texas." We see a thread of  here in the law creating a Texas depository that could field bullion deposits. But the statute doesn’t repatriate any bullion. In addition, UTIMCO has around $660 million in gold bullion (not $1 billion) and it's stored in a New York bank, not the Federal Reserve. We rate Abbott’s statement .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: We were the last flag flying in Benghazi.
Speaker: trey gowdy
About the speaker: Trey Gowdy is a Republican Member of Congress representing a district in South Carolina.
Date: May 11, 2014
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;terrorism
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Gowdy said the United States had "the last flag flying in Benghazi." Some nations, such as the United Kingdom, had abandoned Benghazi or limited their footprint prior to the attack on the United States complex. But like a game of telephone, the meaning of the phrase Gowdy used shifted from its original meaning as politicians embraced it as an evocative talking point. In his testimony, Wood used the phrase more rhetorically than literally, explaining that the United States was the last of three western institutions that had been mentioned in a terrorist threat to be attacked. In fact, there’s clear  that several other western nations had a presence in Benghazi immediately before and well after the attack on the U.S. compound. We rate the  .
Statement: My 2018 election was the first time Speaker Robin Vos has lost a Republican-held seat
Speaker: robyn vining
About the speaker: Robyn Vining, D-Wauwatosa, represents District 14 in the Wisconsin state Assembly. She was first elected in 2018.
Date: October 25, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;states
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Vining said her victory in 2018 was the first seat to flip from Republican to Democrat since Vos took over the Assembly in 2013. Almost every Wisconsin district has been locked one way or another as a result of the maps drawn by Republicans in 2011. Only one district flipped from Democrat to Republican in that span.  And only one flipped from Republican to Democrat — in line with Vining’s statement. We rate this  .
Statement: Says if a Florida bill (HB 697) punishing sanctuary cities becomes law "it will be the only law of its kind in the nation.
Speaker: carlos guillermo smith
About the speaker: Carlos Guillermo Smith, an Orlando Democrat, was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 2016.
Date: March 21, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;states
Context: a vote on HB 697
Fact-check justification: Smith said that a proposed crackdown on Florida’s "sanctuary cities" HB 697 would be the "only one of its kind in the nation." Several states have come up with bills targeting so-called sanctuary cities. Among them, HB 697 in its current form is indeed unique in terms of the severity of the prohibitions and penalties against state and local entities that choose not to comply with federal immigration detainer requests. The Texas Legislature appears to have the next-closest version of this legislation.  We rate this statement .
Statement: People in the top tax bracket, "these so-called wealthy, most of them are small-business owners.
Speaker: stephen hayes
About the speaker: Stephen Hayes is a senior writer at the Weekly Standard, a conservative magazine, and author of The Connection: How al Qaeda's Collaboration with Saddam Hussein Has Endangered America.
Date: July 25, 2010
Location: national
Topics: small business;this week - abc news;taxes
Context: on ABC News' "This Week."
Fact-check justification: Sure. But it's impossible to tell how many meet the definition of what most of us think of when we think of small business owners. Other data indicate that among all tax payers who might be small business owners, most would not see taxes go up if the Bush tax cuts for the highest earners are allowed to expire. Hayes said that "these so-called wealthy, most of them are small-business owners." We rate that statement .
Statement: Two-thirds of the federal budget is "permanent law ... it's permanently appropriated.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: December 11, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: debt;federal budget;health care;medicaid;medicare;social security
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: it's permanently appropriated." It’s  that only one-third of the federal spending is done through annual appropriations bills approved by Congress, and that the other two-thirds is mandatory spending on entitlements such as Social Security and Medicare. But mandatory spending appropriations aren’t permanent. It isn’t easy, but Congress can make changes in the law that change spending within mandatory programs. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification, our rating is .
Statement: Georgia has saved $20 million through changes in criminal sentencing.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: February 26, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: criminal justice;state budget
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: The average number of inmates sitting in state prison decreased by about 1,000 a day between 2011 and 2013. Another state report showed the year-round number of inmates had declined in the past two years from 40,648 to 35,111. To sum up, Deal said Georgia has saved $20 million through changes in sentencing. State data show there has been a $20 million decrease in the amount of money spent housing state inmates in county jails. We rate the governor's statement .