chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says that U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio says troops are leaving Iraq "too fast.
Speaker: wrongwayrubio.com
About the speaker: WrongWayRubio.com is a website that opposes Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla. It is a joint project of Progress Florida and Florida Watch. 
Date: May 8, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: iraq;foreign policy
Context: a Twitter messaging campaign
Fact-check justification: The statement from WrongWayRubio.com reads, "Rubio says troops are leaving decade-old war 'too fast'." But the message offered a news story as  that doesn’t prove the point.   Still, when we looked more broadly at Rubio’s public statements on Iraq, we found the tweeted message did accurately summarize the views he had in September 2011. During a recent foreign policy speech, Rubio didn’t mention Iraq, but we found nothing to indicate Rubio has changed his mind. Given Rubio's stated views -- that U.S. forces should remain in Iraq to provide stability --  we rate the statement .
Statement: Turkey, Brazil, Britain, Sweden, Spain, Czech Republic, Mexico, El Salvador, Japan and Singapore canceled all COVID-19 quarantine procedures, testing and compulsory vaccination and are considering COVID-19 "just a seasonal flu.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 2, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: None ever had compulsory COVID-19 vaccination for their entire adult population. Some have COVID-19 vaccine mandates for specific groups of workers. Some European leaders have said COVID-19 should be treated as endemic — but that is not equivalent to calling the virus a seasonal flu. COVID-19 appears to have a higher infection fatality rate than influenza. We rate this  .
Statement: During my time in office, we've increased per pupil aid by more than $300 per student. Now, our schools have returned to the top 10 in the country after falling to 17 under the previous administration.
Speaker: tony evers
About the speaker: Tony Evers, a Democrat, was elected Wisconsin governor in November 2018. His term begins in January 2019. Evers has served as the Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction, a non-partisan position, since 2009. He previously worked as a teacher and school district administrator.
Date: December 27, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;education;state budget
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Evers said "During my time in office, we've increased per pupil aid by more than $300 per student. Now, our schools have returned to the top 10 in the country after falling to 17 under the previous administration." For the first part of the , the $300-plus figure is generally accurate, but Evers glosses past the fact that some of the increase is based on one-time COVID aid that he steered toward schools.  In the second part of the , he cites accurate numbers — at least by one measure — but ignores that the ranking involves a 50-50 mix of performance in higher education and pre-K-12 education. And that some of the improvement in ranking is because of the higher ed side. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, our rating is .
Statement: The toxicity of COVID-Omicron is 5 times higher than that of the delta variant, and the mortality rate is also higher than that of Delta.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 4, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Early  indicates omicron might result in milder illness. But research has found it is highly transmissible, can cause reinfection at a rate of at least three times higher than prior COVID-19 variants and has the power to elude some of the protections vaccines give. But more information is still needed, in part because hospitalizations and deaths usually lag outbreaks of cases. That said, there is nothing in the research so far that indicates the data reported in this post is accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Says Debbie Wasserman Schultz "has these offshore accounts" like Mitt Romney.
Speaker: mary matalin
About the speaker: Mary Matalin is a Republican political consultant and commentator.
Date: July 15, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: comments on "This Week with George Stephanopoulos."
Fact-check justification: Matalin said that Romney might have offshore accounts, but so do others. "Debbie Wasserman Schultz, the handpicked Democratic chairman by Barack Obama, has these offshore accounts," she said. Actually, Wasserman Schultz had a 401(k) account of less than $15,000, managed by an American company, that included some foreign investments. Romney’s account was a savings account of approximately $3 million held by a Swiss bank. Matalin does have a point that Romney’s account was entirely legal and he paid taxes on the earnings. It’s also  that many Americans have foreign investments through 401(k)s and pension funds. But Wasserman Schultz’s investments are not similar to Romney’s, neither in size nor in type. We rate Matalin’s  .
Statement: Clinton said "great things about NAFTA until she started running for president.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 24, 2008
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Lorain, Ohio
Fact-check justification: And now she says it needs to be fixed. Was running for president the cause of this switch, or was it a gradual change of thinking? It's hard to say; the balance of  does not point to a harsh pivot point. But when we balance her previous statements against her more recent statements, we find that she has changed her sentiments when she speaks about NAFTA. We rate Obama's charge .
Statement: He has "ushered in $3 billion in new investment.
Speaker: david cicilline
About the speaker: David Cicilline was elected to the 1st Congressional District in 2010. Before that, he was mayor of Providence, beginning in January, 2003. A Brown University graduate, he received his law degree from Georgetown University Law Center.
Date: June 28, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: candidate biography;economy
Context: a statement on Cicilline's website
Fact-check justification: Not only that, he takes credit for ventures that predate his term in office, and he repeats the  in public. We presented our research to Deller, a Providence City Hall veteran. At the end of a long conversation, his response: "If this were 2005 and I thought there would be a -O-Meter sometime in the future, I might not have put it that way." That's really all you need to know. .
Statement: We didn't go out asking people" to join the "stand your ground" task force.
Speaker: jennifer carroll
About the speaker: Jennifer Carroll, a former Florida state representative from House District 13 in North Florida, was elected Florida lieutenant governor on Nov. 2, 2010, as Gov. Rick Scott's running mate. Carroll resigned from office on March 13, 2013.
Date: April 19, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: crime;public safety
Context: Capitol news conference
Fact-check justification: Carroll said "we didn’t go out asking people" to join the task force charged with examining Florida’s "stand your ground" law. "They came to us," she said. This was accurate for several members, including Baxley, Siplin and Caimano (there could be more, but we can’t know that without Scott’s office fulfilling our records request). But we found several instances of the panel’s organizers inviting people to join, including a state attorney and crime prevention coordinator personally recruited by Carroll’s top aide.  That's not how Carroll put it at the news conference, when she spoke of an application process. We rate Carroll’s  .
Statement: Virginia was named "best managed state, best state for business and best state to raise a child" while I was governor.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: April 5, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: children;economy;education;elections;small business
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: Virginia has long-earned top marks for state management, finishing at or near the top of virtually every survey in that category for 20 years. Kaine built upon a strong legacy of management established by his predecessors from both parties. He deserves credit, however, for keeping the state near the top. He was handed a Cadillac and drove it well. We rate his statements .
Statement: Video shows Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez pouring shots for a group of people "days before testing positive" for COVID-19.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: January 9, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a TikTok video
Fact-check justification: A TikTok post claimed to show Ocasio-Cortez pouring shots for a group of people "days before testing positive" for COVID-19.  She contracted COVID-19 in January 2022, but the video is from Ocasio-Cortez’s visit to a Buffalo restaurant in October 2021. We rate this  .
Statement: Says U.S. Senate rival Tommy Thompson ran Medicare "into the ground" and "nine years closer to bankruptcy.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: October 18, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;federal budget;medicare
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: The big spending is on payments for health services, and Congress sets payment rates through legislation. Fee-for-service gives a strong incentive for the use of more services, and more complex services, which increases total program spending." Our rating Baldwin said Thompson ran Medicare "into the ground" during his four years as health and human services secretary, citing the fact that its key trust fund moved nine years closer to insolvency. But Medicare’s financial health is determined more by presidents, members of Congress, health care costs and other factors -- over a period of decades -- than by the limited role of the HHS secretary. We rate Baldwin’s statement .
Statement: Says "Did you know that if you accepted the District's proposal today you would have NO pay increase for 4 years? Seven years of frozen wages = Disrespect.
Speaker: portland association of teachers
About the speaker: The Portland Association of Teachers is the labor organization for teachers at Portland Public Schools, Oregon's largest school district.
Date: April 25, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: education;unions
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: Which gets us to . We’ll explain this another way. There’s a bit of  in the assertion -- some teachers will have no pay increase for four years if this offer is accepted. But the statement ignores step raises, a 2 percent across-the-board raise in 2010, and the addition of a top step this school year -- also known in PolitiFact lingo as critical facts that would give a different impression. We rule the statement .
Statement: Says former President Barack Obama "pardoned a traitor who gave U.S. enemies state secrets, he also pardoned a terrorist who killed Americans.
Speaker: katie pavlich
About the speaker: Katie Pavlich is a conservative journalist for Townhall.com and a Fox News contributor.
Date: August 26, 2017
Topics: criminal justice;legal issues;crime;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Pavlich said Obama "pardoned a traitor who gave U.S. enemies state secrets, he also pardoned a terrorist who killed Americans." Obama did not pardon Manning or Lopez Rivera, instead issuing commutations, which alleviate punishment for, rather than grant forgiveness for, a federal crime. The legal consequences of each differ significantly, though both represent executive forms of clemency. Still, the difference here is not trivial. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Gov. Scott Walker approved a "gutting" of two tax credits that help the poor and elderly.
Speaker: gwen moore
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore is a Democratic member of Congress, representing Wisconsin's 4th District, which primarily includes Milwaukee. Moore, who served in the state Legislature from 1989 to 2004, was elected to Congress in 2004.
Date: April 28, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: income;poverty;taxes
Context: a song/speech
Fact-check justification: "Gutting," in our dictionary , is "to remove the vital or essential parts." While the percentage cut was deep in one of the credits, Walker and the GOP-controlled Legislature left them largely intact. We rate Moore’s  . (And hope we don’t come back to this one no more, no more, no more...) (You can comment on this item on the Journal Sentinel web page )
Statement: We know from ... the federal data, that they only stop or apprehend one out of four illegal people crossing our border.
Speaker: jan brewer
About the speaker: Jan Brewer, a Republican, is the former governor of Arizona.
Date: July 8, 2015
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: comments on CNN
Fact-check justification: Brewer said that, based on federal data, "they only stop or apprehend one out of four illegal people crossing our border." The federal data doesn’t support that. According to the Government Accountability Office, 61 percent of people trying to cross the Southwestern border in FY 2011 (the last year available) were apprehended and another 23 percent were stopped and ran back to Mexico. Only 16 percent "got away," meaning they presumably made it into the United States. It’s obviously hard to know the real numbers with certainty given the nature of the topic, but Brewer erroneously pointed to federal data that does not back her up. We rate her  .
Statement: Cornell University professor Robert Oswald said "COVID-19 was imaginary and fictitious.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 28, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a photo caption
Fact-check justification: "COVID-19 is real," Oswald wrote in his statement. "Any Facebook post that suggests otherwise is a hoax and is not . "  Many researchers have isolated the full genome of the coronavirus, which has killed more than 332,000 Americans and sickened more than 19 million. To  the virus is a hoax is  and . We rate the Facebook post !
Statement: Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas and his wife Ginni posted a photo of themselves enjoying a $5,135 bottle of wine "as American women despair about abortion rights being taken away from them.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: May 6, 2022
Location: national
Topics: abortion;supreme court
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Social media posts  an image of Clarence and Ginni Thomas shows them enjoying a $5,000 bottle of wine following the Roe v. Wade draft leak.  This is miscaptioned. The photo is real but it wasn’t taken recently. It dates back to at least September 2018.  We rate these posts .  RELATED: Fact-checking 5 claims in the leaked Supreme Court draft opinion on Roe v. Wade
Statement: John McCain "took on the drug industry.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: September 8, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: And in 1995, he voted against offering drug discounts to state Medicaid programs and public health facilities during a debate on balanced-budget legislation. These votes might indeed have helped the drug industry at crucial times. But they were on narrow amendments to broader bills and are not as significant as McCain's stands on importation and generics, which prompted stiff resistance from big, name-brand drug companies and their allies in Congress. McCain can rightly  that he confronted drug companies on sensitive issues that affected its bottom line. For this reason, we rule his statement .
Statement: New reports show Kevin Nicholson made over $1 million advising companies that shut down Wisconsin plants and laid off 1,900 people.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: July 31, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;corporations;workers
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: But it doesn’t say how much he was paid for consulting for the companies that did layoffs and shutdowns. In short, Baldwin cites no  to show how much money Nicholson was paid consulting for those companies. And we don’t know whether Nicholson’s work had anything to do with the layoffs and the shutdowns. There’s simply no  of what he did for those companies. Baldwin’s statement contains only some element of   — our definition of .
Statement: Newt Gingrich "has suggested" building "a mirror system in space" could improve the Earth's habitability.
Speaker: david brooks
About the speaker: David Brooks is a columnist for the New York Times.
Date: December 9, 2011
Location: national
Topics: history;science;space
Context: the New York Times
Fact-check justification: Gingrich co-wrote his book more than a quarter century ago, and since he doesn’t appear to have reiterated the call for floating mirrors in recent years, we can safely assume the idea is no longer at the top of his policy agenda. But did cite the idea approvingly in his book, so we rate Brooks’ statement .
Statement: A mailer from the Obama campaign "accurately indicates" that Hillary Clinton would "force uninsured people to buy insurance, even if they can't afford it.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 26, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Cleveland, Ohio
Fact-check justification: Yes, it does "force" people to buy insurance in the sense that a mandate requires everyone to be covered. But her plan's intention clearly is that everyone will be able to afford it. Obama's mailer makes it sound like Clinton's plan is a ham-handed law, and that Clinton isn't concerned with cost. So we can't completely agree that Obama's mailer is accurate. We rate his statement to be .
Statement: Video shows movers carrying boxes out of the White House as President Trump discusses 2020 election results.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 14, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The footage is from Sept. 28, 2019, shortly after House Speaker Nancy Pelosi announced that the House would begin its impeachment inquiry into Trump. The video was altered for comic effect. We rate it .   This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here for more.
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "was asked repeatedly to provide security in Benghazi on several occasions, including direct cables.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: May 19, 2013
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;terrorism
Context: an appearance on CNN’s ‘State of the Union’
Fact-check justification: Paul blamed Clinton for Benghazi security failures, saying she "was asked repeatedly to provide security in Benghazi on several occasions, including direct cables." The State Department was asked repeatedly for additional U.S. security staff in Libya. But we see no  that Clinton herself was made aware of those requests. For example, there’s no "direct cable" that automatically appears on the secretary of state’s desk. Instead, all cables would have carried her name, and only those passed up the chain by staff would have reached her. She says these ones didn’t. Meanwhile, the same security officer who testified that he would have expected her to be briefed on his request for more staff also said, "there is something apparently  with the process of how those security recommendations are raised to the secretary." Paul’s office didn’t provide  linking requests for security directly to Clinton. We found only  that requests were made of her department. We rate his statement .