chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Moderna's lawsuits against Pfizer-BioNTech shows COVID-19 vaccines were in the works before the pandemic started.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 26, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In response to Moderna’s lawsuits against Pfizer and BioNTech, an Instagram post suggested the COVID-19 vaccine was created years before the pandemic began. Moderna is suing Pfizer and BioNTech for patent infringement, alleging the rival companies used Moderna’s mRNA technology to make their own COVID-19 vaccine. Moderna filed patents for this technology between 2010 and 2016. The first COVID-19 vaccine was approved for emergency use in December 2020. Although the patents existed before the pandemic began, this does not mean Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech were already working on the COVID-19 vaccine. Scientists have used mRNA technology to study other viruses, such as the flu, Zika and rabies. We rate this  .
Statement: Cases, numbers and deaths (of COVID-19) are going down all over the Country!
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 24, 2020
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Cases, numbers and deaths (of COVID-19) are going down all over the Country!" In general, the daily number of new infections and deaths is going down nationally, and in many states. However, a significant minority of states are seeing the number of new, daily infections rise, and some counties are "hot spots" with rapid spread. This suggests a patchwork pattern with generally slower spread than earlier in the pandemic. We rate the statement .
Statement: Less than 10 percent of President Barack Obama's Cabinet members have private-sector experience.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: September 27, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: message machine 2012
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: Once again, the chart contains data that the author has since said was missing some information. It seems clear that more than 10 percent of Obama’s Cabinet has private-sector experience. The authors of this chain email should know better by now. We say hit the delete button on this . .
Statement: Bill Gates claims to be a "valid representative of the pharmaceutical industry" because he "read a lot of books about that topic.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 8, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Ferguson begins by asking Gates about climate change and then pivots to pandemics, asking whether the next one is "as urgent now as the threat from climate change. "  She later discusses a conspiracy theory that emerged during the pandemic that Gates was using the vaccine rollout to "insert chips" in people, among other rumors, and asks Gates about disinformation.   Other news organizations reported on Ferguson asking whether Gates regretted his relationship with the late convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. He said he "shouldn’t have had dinners" with him.   We rate claims that the interview exchange in the Instagram post is authentic .
Statement: We had already issued several thousand Special Immigrant Visas .. to the (Afghan) translators, when I came into office.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: August 18, 2021
Location: national
Topics: afghanistan
Context: an interview with ABC News
Fact-check justification: Biden said that the United States had issued several thousand special visas to Afghan translators who had helped Americans. Based on the available data, the actual number of Afghan employees who have received a visa is likely closer to 1,700. On the other hand, the total number of Afghans helped is over 6,400, and the administration has sped up the processing time. There is a backlog of about 18,000 Afghans who worked with Americans who have started the visa application process. We rate this  .
Statement: Says it was "a crime for Nixon to wiretap the Democrats at Watergate but OK for Obama to wiretap Republicans at Trump Tower.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 28, 2019
Topics: history;impeachment;crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said: "Why was it a crime for Nixon to wiretap the Democrats at Watergate but OK for Obama to wiretap Republicans at Trump Tower?" There’s no  to support the allegation that Obama wiretapped Trump Tower. Plus, historians told us that while Nixon tried to cover up the Watergate break-in, there’s no conclusive  that he actually ordered the wiretapping to take place.  We rate this post .
Statement: Says his political opponents "brought 100,000 protesters into our state.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: July 27, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;government regulation;state budget;unions;workers
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Walker said his political opponents "brought 100,000 protesters into our state." In early 2011, tens of thousands of protesters — and perhaps as many as 100,000 on some days — participated in daily demonstrations near the state Capitol to protest Walker’s collective bargaining reform law. But there is no  to indicate that all or nearly all were from outside of Wisconsin. We rate Walker’s statement . More on Scott Walker For profiles and stories on Scott Walker and 2016 presidential politics, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel's  Scott Walker page .
Statement: Michael Untermeyer has been a Democrat for more than 40 years.
Speaker: michael untermeyer
About the speaker: Candidate for District Attorney of Philadelphia
Date: May 10, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: city government;elections
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: In a recent campaign ad, a narrator claimed Michael Untermeyer "has been a Democrat for more than 40 years." There’s nothing to suggest that isn’t , though the campaign was unable to produce — and  PolitiFact  was unable to locate — any voter registration forms from prior to 2003. But the  is leaving out a caveat: He wasn’t a Democrat for more than 40 years consecutively, and it certainly wasn’t the last 40 years. Untermeyer spent five of the last 10 years as a registered Republican. We rate the  [//].
Statement: Was Martha Kanter "dispatched to Corvallis with $17 million in stimulus money" to save Craig Robinson's job?
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 18, 2014
Location: oregon
Topics: stimulus
Context: a chain email
Fact-check justification: And there is no  that an administration official was "dispatched" to Corvallis. The state, not the feds, also chose how to spend the money. The  has been debunked repeatedly , but keeps cropping up with nothing changed but the date. It’s not only , but  so. We rate it .
Statement: Under President Obama, U.S. security funding for Israel is at an all-time high.
Speaker: democratic national committee
About the speaker: The Democratic National Committee is the national organization of Democrats.
Date: February 29, 2012
Location: national
Topics: israel;foreign policy;military
Context: a Web video advertisement
Fact-check justification: The ad says "U.S. security funding for Israel is at an all-time high." Actually, it was higher in one or two years, depending whether you use inflation-adjusted dollars. In addition, the ad oversells the credit Obama can take for this year’s number. The amount was outlined by a memorandum signed in 2007 under President George W. Bush. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: U.S. troops are getting only 4 hours of Ebola training before deployment to Liberia.
Speaker: allen west
About the speaker: Allen West announced in July 2021 that he is running for the Republican primary for Texas governor. He served for about a year as chairman of the Texas Republican Party, stepping down in June 2021. West represented Florida's 22nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013. Lieutenant Colonel West retired from the Army in 2004 after 22 years of service.
Date: October 20, 2014
Topics: ebola;foreign policy;military;public health;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: West said the United States is sending military personnel to confront Ebola after just four hours of training. While the average service member sent to West Africa will receive that amount of training specific to Ebola, the Army said that is a small part of the total training to attune them to medical hazards and to practice the measures to minimize the risk of exposure. That training applies to those who are unlikely to be exposed to the virus at all. Those who have a higher risk of exposure receive additional training. The  has an element of  but leaves out significant information. We rate it .
Statement: In a now deleted Telegram post, former President Trump congratulated the Navy Seals on a 'perfect beautiful whack'" in Haiti.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 7, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In a statement , President Joe Biden condemned the assassination, and said, "The United States offers condolences to the people of Haiti, and we stand ready to assist as we continue to work for a safe and secure Haiti." An Instagram post claimed that former President Trump congratulated Navy SEALs on their "perfect beautiful whack" of the Haitian president.   There is no  that Trump said any such thing. There’s also no  that Navy SEALs had any role in Moïse’s death, and the post making the  used doctored headlines. We rate this  .
Statement: New evidence ties COVID-19 creation to research funded by Fauci
Speaker: worldnetdaily
About the speaker: WorldNetDaily is a conservative Internet news Web site owned by the Western Center for Journalism.
Date: February 1, 2021
Topics: corrections and updates;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: WorldNetDaily wrote that "New  ties COVID-19 creation to research funded by Fauci." Both the NIH and EcoHealth Alliance have denied that a grant to the Wuhan lab funded gain-of-function research, though a scientist told us that one paper published with assistance from the grant seems to describe techniques similar to gain-of-function.  The CDC , the WHO , and the NIH have all said that the virus that causes COVID-19 evolved naturally. There is no  to support that  that it was created by researchers.  This  is .
Statement: Georgia "has the lowest minimum wage in the country.
Speaker: stacey evans
About the speaker: Stacey Evans, a Democrat, is a state representative from the Smyrna area.
Date: January 26, 2018
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: campaign website
Fact-check justification: Evans said Georgia "has the lowest minimum wage in the country." Georgia’s minimum wage of $5.15 per hour is the lowest in the nation, but Wyoming also has the same minimum wage. Also, most of Georgia’s workers paid hourly rates earn the federal minimum of $7.25. Evans’ statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: The majority of people in polls do "not support Obamacare.
Speaker: bill o'reilly
About the speaker: Bill O'Reilly hosted The O'Reilly Factor on Fox News until 2017. He formerly worked as a television news reporter and has authored numerous books.
Date: February 6, 2011
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;health care;polls and public opinion;pundits
Context: an interview with President Obama
Fact-check justification: The least popular part of the law is the individual mandate requiring people to buy insurance (23 percent favorable). O'Reilly said that a "majority of the people in the polls" do not support the health care law. If we were rating Obama's statement on its own, that the public is evenly divided, we would rate that . But O'Reilly isn't entirely , in the sense that support for the bill does not hit 50 percent or higher. Taking a broad picture of the polls reveals a divided public, so we rate his statement .
Statement: The state's tax burden has, according to census figures released today, cost our state another 190,000 residents in 2009.
Speaker: tom kean jr. 
About the speaker: Tom Kean Jr. is the Republican leader in the New Jersey State Senate. He represents parts of Morris, Somerset and Union counties.
Date: May 24, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: census;economy;taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Bauer produced no solid  that even a substantial share of the approximately 190,000 people left because of taxes. It's a powerful line to  that people are fleeing the state because of high taxes. But we find insufficient  it is . We rate the  . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says "Nicolás Maduro is carrying out a genocide on his people.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: May 13, 2019
Location: florida
Topics: foreign policy
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Scott said, "Nicolas Maduro is carrying out a genocide on his people." Experts on genocide contacted by PolitiFact universally agreed that the conditions in Venezuela are horrible, with many saying Maduro’s actions amount to tyranny and possibly crimes against humanity. But they strongly agreed that "genocide," as defined by the U.N., does not apply to the situation in Venezuela, because it does not involve the deliberate targeting of an ethnic group for destruction. We rate the statement .
Statement: Of Sen. Jeff Sessions, "you've objected to immigrants volunteering to serve in our armed forces, saying, 'In terms of who's going to be most likely to be a spy, somebody from Cullman, Ala., or somebody from Kenya?'
Speaker: richard durbin
About the speaker: Dick Durbin in the senior U.S. senator from Illinois and the Democratic majority whip.
Date: January 10, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: Sessions' Senate confirmation hearing for attorney general
Fact-check justification: During Sessions’ Senate confirmation for attorney general, Durbin told him, "You've objected to immigrants volunteering to serve in our armed forces, saying, 'In terms of who's going to be most likely to be a spy, somebody from Cullman, Ala., or somebody from Kenya?'" In a 2014 radio interview, Sessions discusses immigrants in the military and raises concerns about a man from Kenya serving in the military, after allegations of the man trying to extort a local family. Sessions does question who’s more likely to be a spy -- somebody from Alabama or Kenya. The radio conversation includes comments about a subset of immigrants, people in the country illegally. With military reductions on the table, Sessions said "the last thing we need" is to get rid of people who have served in the military and bring in "people who are illegally in the country." Durbin’s statement is accurate but needs clarification, so we rate it .
Statement: The U.S. Department of Defense spends $80 million a year on prostate cancer research, $25 million a year on ovarian cancer research and $150 million a year on breast cancer research.
Speaker: saxby chambliss
About the speaker: Saxby Chambliss, a Republican, is a United States senator from Georgia
Date: November 7, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: a hearing
Fact-check justification: To sum up, Chambliss said the federal government gives the U.S. Department of Defense $80 million a year for prostate cancer research, $25 million a year for ovarian cancer research and $150 million a year for breast cancer research. The senator is correct that there is such a program. The numbers are slightly off for two of the three forms of research. Chambliss used numbers three years older than the most recent material. We rate his  .
Statement: Boston University CREATES a new COVID strain that has an 80% kill rate.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 17, 2022
Topics: public health;science;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post shared an image of a headline that read, "Boston University creates a new COVID strain that has an 80% kill rate." This is partly accurate. Researchers at Boston University are investigating what made COVID-19’s omicron variant less deadly and more likely to evade immunity. In that effort, they added a spike protein from a milder omicron virus to an original strain of SARS-CoV-2 to create a new strain they called Omi-S. When researchers compared the effects of the three viruses on mice, they found that 80% of the Omi-S-infected mice died. But citing the 80% figure alone leaves out key context, including that the resulting strain was less fatal than the original, which killed 100% of mice. Experts say this kind of research is not unusual and the experiment was conducted in accordance with accepted safety procedures. The mice used were highly susceptible to the virus. And the point of the study was to learn more about why the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 frequently evades immunity and leads to fewer fatalities.   We rate this  .
Statement: We're the only advanced democracy in the world that makes it harder for people to vote.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: March 11, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: elections;states
Context: keynoting South by Southwest Interactive
Fact-check justification: Obama said in Austin: "We’re the only advanced democracy in the world that makes it harder for people to vote." This statement leaves out important details--such as that only nine U.S. states have strict photo-ID requirements at the polls and 16 states haven’t imposed any such hurdle. So, the practices Obama is singling out aren't uniform. Also, a very few advanced democracies -- Spain, France and Belgium -- require photo IDs at the polls though it's worth noting that those nations also make it easy for each citizen to have the accepted ID. On balance, we rate this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/dd558343-dee4-49d8-9735-4db371ad8644
Statement: Says the Trump administration's new policy for legal immigrants on welfare "has been around for a while. This is not a new thing that the president is trying to implement here, that the United States has been this way.
Speaker: rob schmitt
About the speaker: Rob Schmitt is co-host of Fox News' "Fox & Friends First."
Date: August 14, 2019
Topics: immigration;medicaid;welfare;punditfact
Context: a "Fox & Friends First" discussion
Fact-check justification: Schmitt said, "This rule has been around for a while. This is not a new thing that the president is trying to implement here, that the United States has been this way." Public charge as a standard of inadmissibility has been a staple of immigration law since 1882. But Trump’s new policy will significantly change the way immigration officials decide which legal immigrants should be disqualified from getting visas or green cards. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. So we rate it .
Statement: Low-flow toilets "can cost homeowners up to $1,000 each.
Speaker: elaine boyer
About the speaker: Elaine Boyer, a Republican, is a DeKalb County commissioner
Date: October 27, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: environment
Context: a newspaper op-ed
Fact-check justification: Very strictly speaking, Boyer's right. Installing a low-flow toilet "can" cost up to $1,000. But in many cases, it will cost much less. Boyer's  could have used more explanation and context, but much of it holds water. We therefore rule it .