chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Anthony Fauci "wants Americans to get 4 shots per year.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 26, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: On Dec. 8, Pfizer officials said that a fourth vaccine dose could be necessary to protect against the omicron variant.   But there is no  that Fauci wants Americans to get four COVID-19 vaccine shots every year.   On Nov. 24, the Journal of the American Medical Association noted that some companies that produce COVID-19 vaccines are planning for annual COVID-19 vaccine boosters, but that it’s not yet clear if that will be necessary.   In any case, we know one thing: Fauci didn’t say that he wants Americans to get four shots each year.   We rate that  .
Statement: When [Mitt Romney] was the governor of Massachusetts, he performed 100 — and I'm not sure this number is right, but my mind says it's about 180 gay marriages.
Speaker: judy manning
About the speaker: Judy Manning, a Republican, is a state representative from Marietta, Georgia.
Date: January 4, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: lgbtq;marriage
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: There’s no  that Romney has performed any gay marriage ceremonies. It appears Rep. Manning used the  language to describe Romney’s actions as governor because her estimate of how many marriages she thought he performed is very similar to the number of one-day marriage designations that The Boston Globe reported. Had Manning said Romney approved 100 to 180 one-day marriage designations, her statement would likely be correct. However, she used the word "performed," which suggests Romney actually officiated the ceremony and created a vastly different impression of the candidate’s stance on same-sex marriage for anyone who read that article. Our rating: .
Statement: The federal government regulates the holes in Swiss cheese.
Speaker: lynn westmoreland
About the speaker: Rep. Lynn Westmoreland is a Republican from Georgia.
Date: February 11, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: food safety
Fact-check justification: His staff recently found the 15-page document about Swiss cheese and thought it was a classic example of government overreach. However, the congressman’s statement gives an impression about Swiss cheese grading that does not completely convey how this works. The Swiss cheese grading is done by the federal government. But this is regulation the cheese industry seeks -- not regulation foisted upon them. We rate the congressman’s  as .
Statement: Document shows that Hunter Biden paid Joe Biden $50,000 a month in rent.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 18, 2023
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Conservative commentators and social media posts  that Hunter Biden paid Joe Biden $50,000 in monthly rent to live at the same Delaware home where classified documents were found. This is . The figure refers to quarterly rent Hunter Biden paid for office space in Washington, D.C., a spokesperson for Sweden’s National Property Board confirmed. We rate this  . PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.  Update, Jan. 23, 2023 : This story has been updated to include confirmation from Sweden’s National Property Board on the lease dates for Hunter Biden's business.
Statement: Says Patrick Henry said, "The Constitution is not a document for the government to restrain the people: it is an instrument for the people to restrain the government.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 2, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Fact-check justification: I have never understood why advocates of any cause stoop to inventing quotations? Wouldn't you want to know that your cause is ? How can you do that if you're making up  quotations. It's beyond me." We rate the  as .
Statement: Today, when people retire in Galveston County, Texas, they retire making at least 50 percent more than they would ever get out of Social Security.
Speaker: herman cain
About the speaker: Herman Cain is an author, columnist and talk radio host. Cain, a former pizza franchise CEO, ran for president as a Republican in 2012.
Date: September 12, 2011
Location: national
Topics: social security
Context: a Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: But that debate is beyond the scope of this article. On the specific question Cain raised -- whether participants in Galveston will "retire making at least 50 percent more than they would ever get out of Social Security" -- the answer is, "it depends." According to studies published a dozen years ago, some will, and some won’t. And the outlook today for the Galveston plan’s rate of return -- while not immutable going forward -- is more downbeat than it was in 1999. On balance, we rate Cain’s statement .
Statement: Says the military accounts for about 10 percent of Florida's economy.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: December 6, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: economy;military
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Scott told reporters military spending makes up about 10 percent of the state's economy. In 2005, military spending accounted for 7.5 percent of the state gross domestic product, but that figure did not include the impact of the Florida National Guard or Coast Guard bases. The author of the study, who is now updating his report using 2008 numbers, said that while he cannot release more up-to-date numbers, that the military's position in the economy has risen since 2005. That will make Scott's point nearly right on. We rate this  .
Statement: Of all the illegals in America, more than half come through Arizona.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: May 7, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;message machine 2010
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: For example, if you assume 50 percent of the current illegal immigrants in this country entered illegally, then only 22.5 percent crossed through Arizona. Even if you assume that 70 percent entered the country illegally, a high estimate, then only 31.5 percent entered through Arizona. The McCain ad would have been right if it said, "Of all the people who enter this country illegally, nearly half come through Arizona." But the  as worded is pretty far off. We rate it .
Statement: The Paris Agreement "is by far the largest number of countries ever to sign an international agreement on a single day.
Speaker: ban ki-moon
About the speaker: Ban Ki-moon is secretary-general of the United Nations. Mr. Ban took office on 1 January 2007. On 21 June 2011, he was unanimously re-elected by the General Assembly and will continue to serve until 31 December 2016. Highlights of his tenure include:
Date: April 22, 2016
Topics: global news service;climate change;foreign policy
Context: comments
Fact-check justification: Ban said, the Paris Agreement "is by far the largest number of countries ever to sign an international agreement on a single day." That is correct, beating the previous record when 119 countries simultaneously signed the Law of the Sea Treaty in 1982. But there are two caveats. First, Signing does not equal ratification. Countries must still do that before the agreement takes effect. Second, it’s worth noting there are more independent nations today to sign an agreement than in year’s past. The statement is accurate but needs additional information. We rate it .
Statement: A former Clinton administration official and other economists agree that "if you keep extending these temporary unemployment benefits, you're just going to extend joblessness even more.
Speaker: michelle malkin
About the speaker: Malkin is a prominent conservative blogger and pundit
Date: August 2, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;pundits;stimulus
Context: on This Week with George Stephanopoulos
Fact-check justification: So let's review what Malkin said. She correctly characterized Katz's writings from nearly 20 years ago. However, due to the changed nature of the labor market in today's recession, neither Katz nor most economists we talked to believe that his findings have much relevance to the current situation. This undercuts Malkin's assertion that "there are a lot of these smart economists who say this – that if you keep extending these temporary unemployment benefits, you're just going to extend joblessness even more." For this reason, we rate her statement .
Statement: [R]emember, the president proposed eliminating charitable deductions for higher-income taxpayers.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: February 19, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: We also called the Santorum campaign, which cheerfully asked us to send an email to a campaign spokesman. We emailed the spokesman twice but didn’t get a reply. Santorum’s statement seems off base from anything we’ve seen or read. The Obama administration has talked repeatedly about reducing charitable deductions, not eliminating them. We rate Santorum’s  as .
Statement: I am a candidate. I have not withdrawn.
Speaker: mike gravel
About the speaker: Mike Gravel is a former senator from Alaska. Gravel served as senator from 1969 until 1981 and ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008.. He is also a former lieutenant in the U.S. Army, serving from 1951 to 1954. Gravel received a bachelor’s degree in economics from Columbia University School of General Studies. In 2019, he announced he is running for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: March 13, 2008
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: But not at the Democratic convention. At the Libertarian convention — May 22-26, 2008. "Right now he's actively pursuing the Libertarian nomination," Kraus said. Despite the fact that no one will believe us, we find Gravel is actively pursuing a presidential nomination in 2008, albeit with the Libertarians since he has exhausted his chances as a Democrat. So his statement, while possibly delusional, is totally .
Statement: NFL attendance and ratings are WAY DOWN. Boring games yes, but many stay away because they love our country.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 24, 2017
Location: national
Topics: sports
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said "NFL attendance and ratings are WAY DOWN. Boring games yes, but many stay away because they love our country." Ratings were down 8 percent in 2016, but experts said the drop was modest and in line with general ratings for the sports industry. The NFL remains the most watched televised sports event in the United States. Ratings in 2017 so far suggest a similar year-on-year drop, but experts say it’s too early to tell, and external factors like Hurricane Irma, which coincided with the season’s first week, may help explain the drop. NFL game attendance dropped slightly from 2016 to 2017, and rose from 2015 to 2016. As for political motivation, there’s little  to suggest people are boycotting the NFL. Most of the professional sports franchises are dealing with declines in popularity. We rate this  .
Statement: Says that "you can't destroy the guns purchased in a (gun) buyback program as the city (of Memphis) wants to do.
Speaker: stacey campfield
About the speaker: Stacey Campfield represents District 7 -- part of Knox County -- in Tennessee's state Senate.
Date: September 11, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: city government;guns
Context: a post on his blog
Fact-check justification: It is PolitiFact policy to take into account when someone later acknowledges an original  was somehow . Often, those statements are made during live interviews, but in this case Campfield took the time to write up and post not one but two items onto his blog declaring that it would be illegal for Memphis to destroy guns purchased in a buy-back program. Campfield hadn’t altered his blog post as of this writing. We give him a ruling of  .
Statement: (Obama's) entire national security team, including his secretary of state, said we want to arm and train and equip (Syrian rebel forces), and he made the unilateral decision to turn them down.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: September 10, 2014
Location: national
Topics: homeland security;military
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: McCain said Obama’s "entire national security team, including his secretary of state, said we want to arm and train and equip (Syrian rebel forces), and he made the unilateral decision to turn them down." Obama did go against the advice of four key players on his administration’s National Security Team, including Clinton (secretary of state), Petraeus (CIA director), Panetta (defense secretary), and Dempsey (chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff). We also know from Clinton’s book that there was "high-level support from the National Security Council." There’s an element of uncertainty that Obama went against his "entire" team. We don’t know the positions of many of his advisers during those deliberations, including Vice President Joe Biden and his national security adviser. Their opinions are strong voices on Obama’s team. We rate McCain’s statement .
Statement: Last year the IRS audited Americans earning less than $25,000 a year at five times the rate of other groups.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: August 7, 2022
Location: national
Topics: economy;workers;taxes;wisconsin
Context: News release
Fact-check justification: Johnson said "last year, the IRS audited Americans earning less than $25,000 a year at five times the rate of other groups." That, well, tracks with the TRAC data — and lawmakers on the other side of the issue have cited the same information in making their case for the bill. But both sides are missing a key point: Audits are not all begun instantly, so at best the figures cited are preliminary ones.  They will change, and the proportion may well shift, as time passes and more audits are started and completed. In other words, the statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. That’s our definition for .
Statement: James Comey has 50 counts of TREASON. And John Brennan has 48 counts of TREASON.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 14, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court," according to the Constitution. On the most basic level, treason has to occur in wartime, or during an armed rebellion against the government. We rate this Facebook post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Women in our state will continue to have cost-free access to reproductive health care
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: October 6, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: abortion;women
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Cuomo said women in New York state "will continue to have cost-free access to reproductive health care" because of an action the state took earlier this year. But not every woman is in an insurance plan regulated by the state. It’s possible a self-insured large employer in New York state could apply for an exemption from the federal birth control mandate. If granted the exemption, the company would not have to provide health coverage for birth control to its employees. Those exemptions are not expected to be widespread, but they are possible. Cuomo’s statement needs clarification. We rate it .
Statement: I, all the way back in January, warned (President Trump that) this pandemic was coming. I talked about what we needed to do.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: July 20, 2020
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: an interview with Joy Reid on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "I, all the way back in January, warned (President Trump that) this pandemic was coming. I talked about what we needed to do." Biden expressed concern about the coronavirus weeks before Trump did, and he recommended the Obama approach on Ebola, including international cooperation and the use of sound science, in January. He warned of the possibility of a pandemic several weeks before the WHO declared one, and predicted that there would be more cases in the U.S.  But while he spoke broadly in January about how the U.S. should approach the crisis, he did not offer a detailed plan until March 12, a day after the WHO declaration. We rate the statement .
Statement: Ohioans want an end to pay-to-play politics.
Speaker: ed fitzgerald
About the speaker: Ed FitzGerald is Cuyahoga County's first county executive. He took office in January 2011 when a charter form of county government took affect. Prior to his election as county executive, he was mayor in the city of Lakewood. He also has been a congressional staff member, an FBI special agent, a practicing lawyer and assistant county prosecutor and an elected city councilman.
Date: April 19, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: criminal justice;ethics;crime
Context: an email announcing his gubernatorial campaign kickoff
Fact-check justification: Kasich has never been accused of or charged with a crime, and FitzGerald lacks proof that he is even suspected of one. The GOP’s attack on FitzGerald was especially  given the fact that a federal prosecutor has publicly cleared the county executive of wrongdoing. FitzGerald walks a finer line by citing specific cases in which members of Kasich’s administration or political circle were accused of ethics violations and other uses of poor judgment -- but nothing that fits the "pay-to-play" label. As for Borges, had his misdemeanor come during Kasich’s term, FitzGerald might have a better argument. Instead, on the -O-Meter, PolitiFact Ohio finds his statement .
Statement: Says an image of a pile of needles is from Nancy Pelosi's congressional district in San Francisco.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 19, 2020
Topics: drugs;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: While the photo is miscaptioned, it is  that San Francisco and other large cities continue to experience problems of homelessness and drug abuse . Nevertheless, the image is not from a San Francisco park. It was taken at a homeless camp in Washington as part of a six-month project, and the needles were displayed to demonstrate the opioid crisis in the community. This photo is mislabeled and missing context. We rate it .
Statement: The United States is the only industrialized, modernized country that does not already have a paid family medical leave program in place.
Speaker: jennifer boysko
About the speaker: Jennifer Boysko, D-Fairfax County, won a special election the Virginia Senate in January 2019. She filled a seat previously held by Democrat Jennifer Wexton, who had been elected to the House of Delegates. Boysko was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 2015.
Boysko was reared in Alabama and Arkansas. She is a graduate of Hollins College in Virginia. 
Date: January 18, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: families;jobs;women
Context: a committee debate
Fact-check justification: Boysko said, "The United States is the only industrialized, modernized country that does not already have a paid family medical leave program in place." All other developed countries surveyed by the International Labor Organization have programs mandating at least some paid maternity leave. An international study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development found the same thing. The benefit is not available to all workers in some countries, but Boysko doesn’t  that it is. So we rate her statement .
Statement: Says that "data from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities suggest that the Texas budget gap is worse than New York's, about as bad as California's, but not quite up to New Jersey levels.
Speaker: paul krugman
About the speaker: Paul Krugman is a columnist for the New York Times and professor of Economics and International Affairs at Princeton University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2008. He describes himself as liberal.
Date: January 6, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: an op-ed column
Fact-check justification: As we noted recently, the Center for Public Policy Priorities now estimates that Texas needs nearly $27 billion more than the state expects to raise from taxes and other sources to maintain current government services and programs through 2012-13. McNichol told us by e-mail that the Washington center consequently considers the updated 2012 Texas shortfall to be $13.4 billion, equal to nearly 30 percent of the 2011 budget. At the time of Krugman’s column, the projected Texas shortfall was nowhere near New Jersey’s level. The comparisons of expected shortfalls in Texas, New York and California were accurate. We rate his statement .