chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: You go down to Miami and when it's flooding at high tide on a sunny day, fish are swimming through the middle of the streets.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: December 1, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: climate change
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "You go down to Miami and when it's flooding at high tide on a sunny day, fish are swimming through the middle of the streets." This reminds us of the fishing stories you might hear from your uncle.  Fish have been seen (and videotaped) on the streets. But that’s been in the low-lying areas that surround Miami, not on the streets in the city proper. And the sightings were during the more dramatic king tides, when high tides are at their highest, not during average daily high tides. Overall, we rate his statement .
Statement: Says Rick Perry wrote a newspaper item saying he was "open to amnesty" for illegal immigrants in the United States.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 18, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: the CNN Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Romney’s  leaves the  misimpression Perry is lately open to amnesty, while Perry has said he's against amnesty for years. Still, Romney is correct that Perry once wrote a newspaper saying he was open to amnesty, though Perry's 2001 letter spoke only to a particular proposal. The Texan also has aired continued interest in enabling illegal immigrants to become guest workers, an idea that some consider a form of amnesty. We rate Romney's statement .
Statement: The U.S. Army had a training program that put "evangelical Christians, Catholics and Mormons in the same category of religious extremism as we do al-Qaida.
Speaker: randy forbes
About the speaker: Randy Forbes is from Chesapeake and represents Virginia's Fourth District in Congress. He was first elected to the House of Representatives in 2001. He serves on the Judiciary Committee and the Armed Services Committee, where he is chairman of the Seapower and Projection Forces Subcommittee.
Forbes previously served in Virginia's House of Delegates from 1989 to 1997 and in the State Senate from 1997 to 2001. He also was chairman of the Republican Party of Virginia from 1996 to 2001.
Forbes received a bachelor's degree from Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, in 1974, and a law degree from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in 1977.
Date: April 11, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: military;religion
Context: a congressional hearing
Fact-check justification: Forbes, at a military budget hearing, said "We’ve had a training program ... where we list evangelical Christians, Catholics and Mormons in the same category of religious extremism as we do al-Qaida." This did happen in at least one briefing at a reserve center in Pennsylvania. The Army says it was a  -- made by an individual, not the command -- that was corrected upon the first complaint. Forbes, while offering no contrary information, made sweeping statements that suggest the training program was widespread and officially sanctioned. He also misread one entry on the list as Mormons, when, in fact, it named a small sect that practices polygamy. Forbes’ statement has an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That makes it .
Statement: Brazil President Jair Bolsonaro will hold a press conference to "announce military audit of controversial election, may arrest criminal judges.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 1, 2022
Topics: elections;military
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post shared a headline from The Gateway Pundit that said Bolsonaro would hold a press conference to "announce a military audit of Brazil’s controversial election, and may arrest criminal judges."  Bolsonaro did none of that in his first public remarks following his defeat. Instead, he authorized his staff to initiate the peaceful transition of power to the incoming administration.  Independent electoral observers said the Brazilian vote was legal and fair. We rate the post .
Statement: Says NC absentee voters have "no way" to know if ballots are delivered
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: February 26, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Nonetheless, it’s an available tracking option. We rate this  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] .
Statement: Women are "disproportionately impacted by voter ID laws — especially married women who change their names, or those whose IDs do not accurately reflect their gender.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: August 26, 2021
Location: national
Topics: elections;voter id laws;women
Context: a proclamation
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "Women are also disproportionately impacted by voter ID laws — especially married women who change their names, or those whose IDs do not accurately reflect their gender." The White House pointed to a 2006 survey that found 66% of voting-eligible women have a document with their current legal name. But the survey didn’t ask women if they were prevented from voting as a result of lacking an ID with their current name.  The Williams Institute at UCLA found that about 42% of transgender adults eligible to vote in 2020 in states that don't vote entirely by mail had no ID documents that reflect their correct name or gender. But the report did not contain a count of trans adults who were not able to cast a ballot due to voter ID. Women are significantly more likely to change their name than men, so they are more likely to end up with name variations between their voter registration and their IDs. And women are more likely than men to go through a process to update their documents with their new name, but the process can vary by state. We rate the  . RELATED:   As extremes shape voter ID debate, the rules keep getting stricter RELATED :  Voter impersonation is rare, North Carolina's Cooper says RELATED :  All of PolitiFact’s fact-checks about voter ID
Statement: Warnings about heart problems and blood clots in cold weather are to cover up COVID-19 vaccine side effects.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 8, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Cleveland HeartLab says on its website , "The cold air alone can raise blood pressure, slow down the flow of blood to the heart, and help blood clots form.   RELATED VIDEO Comilla Sasson, vice president for science and innovation for emergency cardiovascular care at the American Heart Association, told AFP that there are "several studies with strong correlations to cold weather heart health concerns," including the increased formation of blood clots.   Sasson said studies have also shown an increase in heart attacks shortly after people get the flu — and winter is flu season. On Dec. 7, the American Heart Association posted a warning on its website : "Heart attack deaths more likely during winter holiday season than any other time of year. "  We rate claims that these warnings are  and covering up rare vaccine side effects .
Statement: His new running mate, Congressman Ryan, put forward a plan that would let Governor Romney pay less than 1 percent in taxes each year.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 18, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: taxes
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Romney hasn’t released his tax returns before 2010, and his 2011 documents aren’t finalized yet. But, looking at the snapshot of his 2010 return, it’s safe to say his tax rate would have taken a nose dive. More than $20 million of Romney's $21.6 million income that year came from interest, dividends and capital gains -- items that would no longer be taxed under Ryan’s plan. Factor in a reduction in the top marginal tax rate and the elimination of the Alternative Minimum Tax, and Romney’s tax rate would have fallen dramatically, almost surely reaching below 1 percent, according to media reports and tax analyses. We rate this  .
Statement: Says "there's 400,000" anchor babies born in the United States a year, which are "individuals coming to our country and having their children so their children can be U.S. citizens.
Speaker: corey lewandowski
About the speaker: Corey Lewandowski is a conservative political adviser who worked for Americans for Prosperity in New Hampshire before joining Trump's campaign.
Date: August 23, 2015
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Lewandowski said that 400,000 "anchor babies" are born in the U.S. every year. The  is not as straight-forward as it seems. First, the figure is outdated — a more accurate number for the amount of births to undocumented immigrants is 300,000. Lewandowski also makes a blanket statement when he says all of these births occurred specifically to anchor the undocumented families to the United States. While the practice occurs, it’s not safe to draw a single broad conclusion from the data and apply it to the intentions of every pregnant undocumented woman. We rate his  .
Statement: In West Virginia alone, overdoses have increased by 50% during the #COVID-19 pandemic.
Speaker: carol miller
About the speaker: Carol Miller, a Republican, was elected to the U.S. House in 2018 to represent West Virginia's 3rd district.
Date: July 30, 2020
Location: west virginia
Topics: drugs;health care;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The Association of American Medical Colleges also reported that suspected drug overdoses rose 18% from mid-March through May, which would be consistent with the notion that the pandemic is pushing overdoses higher.   Our ruling  Miller said, "In West Virginia alone, overdoses have increased by 50% during the #COVID-19 pandemic." For the three months from April through June, EMS responses rose by 33%. Looking just at May and June, the increase was 47%.   We rate her statement .
Statement: Smithsonian admits to destruction of thousands of giant human skeletons in early 1900s.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 2, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "  The post sharing this screenshot was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram. ) This story originated on a website that publishes fiction and satire, and it’s been online since at least 2014 .   A Smithsonian Institution spokesperson also told Reuters in August that the  is .   We rate claims that the Smithsonian admitted to destroying thousands of giant human skeletons !
Statement: We have more people working in the state of New Jersey today than we've ever had in our history.
Speaker: jennifer beck
About the speaker: Jennifer Beck is a New Jersey State Senator. A Republican, she represents parts of Monmouth County.
Date: September 20, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: economy;jobs;states
Context: an interview with NJToday
Fact-check justification: Beck said, "we have more people working in the state of New Jersey today than we've ever had in our history." That’s . New Jersey has not created enough jobs or put enough residents back to work to surpass the state’s 2008 employment peak. And for decades the state’s employment rate was higher than it is now. We rate this statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says the Texas House has "a record number of new members joining our ranks.
Speaker: joe straus
About the speaker: State Rep. Joe Straus, R-San Antonio, was initially elected the speaker of the Texas House in 2009.
Date: November 12, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: elections;states
Context: an e-mail
Fact-check justification: However, from 1876 to 1967, when Democrats dominated Texas politics, turnover in the House was usually much higher, with a high of 97 new members in the 1913 session and only one session proceeding with fewer than 34 new members (32 in 1943). Since 1967, seven sessions have had a freshman class of more than 34, with a high of 71 in 1973. Summing up: The 2011 Legislature stands to have a record number of new Republican House members. But the House record for new members won't be broken, and Straus's statement was not clear about limiting its scope to Republicans only. We rate the statement .
Statement: Health care premiums up 90 percent in New Hampshire.
Speaker: americans for prosperity
About the speaker: Americans for Prosperity is a conservative group advocates for limited government, free markets and fiscal and regulatory restraint.
Date: April 23, 2014
Location: new hampshire
Topics: health care
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Americans for Prosperity said that health care premiums are "up 90 percent in New Hampshire." The  cited a Morgan Stanley report that based its New Hampshire numbers on data from just one insurance broker in the state. Experts say that’s far too small a sample to say anything definitive about what’s happening to premiums in the state. It’s possible for some individuals, given the  combination of income and health factors, could see premium increases of 90 percent. But that’s a far cry from saying that such increases are typical in the state. This statement is not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: There has not been a Democratic woman in Congress from New Jersey in almost four decades.
Speaker: nia gill
About the speaker:  Nia Gill is a Democratic State Senator representing parts of Essex and Passaic counties. Prior to joining the Senate in 2002, Gill served in the State Assembly between 1994 and 2001.
Date: May 7, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: elections;message machine 2012
Context: an interview on NJToday
Fact-check justification: In an interview Monday on NJToday, Gill claimed: "There has not been a Democratic woman in Congress from New Jersey in almost four decades." That history lesson is accurate, because the last Democratic congresswoman from New Jersey was Meyner, who served two terms between 1975 and 1979. The most recent congresswoman from either party was Marge Roukema, a Republican who left office in 2003. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: The right-to-work states are creating a lot more jobs today than the heavily unionized states.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: June 13, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: jobs
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Five of those states -- Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Texas and Utah -- had increases in job growth since April 2001. The population growth in those states may be a factor. By our analysis, Gingrich’s statement that job growth is higher in right-to-work states has merit. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/a5a749c3-e5a8-498a-8c86-1990581abcea
Statement: One-fourth of the vehicles on (Missouri's) highways are defective.
Speaker: dave muntzel
About the speaker: Dave Muntzel is a Republican member of the Missouri state House.
Date: February 25, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: transportation
Context: legislative remarks
Fact-check justification: Muntzel said that one fourth of the vehicles on Missouri highways are defective. That’s leaving out important context. He made it sound like this number applied to all vehicles on the highway. In fact, this figure applies to vehicles that are 10 to 20 years old, which have an inspection rejection rate of 25 percent. Under current law, only vehicles more than five years old require inspection. For vehicles more than five years old that require inspection, 19 percent fail. Furthermore, Muntzel’s  that one fourth of vehicles are defective wouldn’t be much different under the new bill. This is because the  is referring to vehicles 10 to 20 years old. Vehicles 10 years and older would still require the same amount of inspections they are currently held to, one every two years, under House Bill 451. Muntzel’s statement needs more context that the vehicles in this figure are more than 10 years old. One fourth of all vehicles on Missouri highways are not defective. We rate this  . You can find your nearest inspection site at: Mshp.dps.missouri.gov.
Statement: We know mask mandates work. There's enough evidence out there between counties that have done it and counties that haven't.
Speaker: gordon hintz
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Rep. Gordon Hintz, D-Oshkosh, was elected to the state Assembly in 2006. In September 2017, his colleagues elected him minority leader of the Assembly.
Date: February 5, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: In a TV interview, Hintz said, "At the end of the day we know mask mandates work. There’s enough  out there between counties that have done it and counties that haven’t." Multiple studies have suggested mask mandates can lead to a decline in COVID-19 cases. Researchers caution that factors like compliance and enforcement should be taken into consideration, but masks have ultimately proven to be an effective tool in combating the virus.  We rate Hintz’s  .
Statement: Trump supporters are blocking access to polling sites at Clifton City Hall, New Jersey.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 3, 2020
Location: new jersey
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said "Trump supporters are blocking access to polling sites at Clifton City Hall, New Jersey."  Clifton police said that this post is . Police received a report two days before Election Day that a man was holding a Trump banner near a ballot box outside of City Hall. The surveillance video showed no voter intimidation. We rate this statement . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Time and again Glenn Youngkin has made it clear: He would ban abortion as governor.
Speaker: terry mcauliffe
About the speaker: Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat, was elected governor of Virginia on Nov. 5, 2013. He received 47.8 percent of the vote in defeating Republican Ken Cuccinelli, who came in at 45.2 percent. Robert Sarvis, a Libertarian, finished a distant third with 6.5 percent.
McAuliffe's inaguration as Virginia's 72nd governor is scheduled on Jan. 11, 2014.
McAuliffe, a wealthy businessman and noted political fundraiser, was co-chairman of President Bill Clinton's 1996 reelection campaign. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2005 and chairman of Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, McAuliffe unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Virginia governor.
McAuliffe was born in Syracuse, N.Y., on Feb. 9, 1957. He has a bachelor's degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. McAuliffe has lived in Fairfax County for more than 20 years, is married and has five children.
 
Date: September 17, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: He promised to go "on the offense" as governor if Republicans reclaim a House majority. So Youngkin’s words are open to some interpretation. We rate McAuliffe’s statement . Editor’s Note: After publication, Youngkin’s campaign clarified that he wants to repeal a law passed by Democrats that allows health insurance plans bought through state-run exchanges to cover abortions. His campaign says he has not taken a position on Democratic actions ending requirements that women receive ultrasounds and wait 24 hours before they can have an abortion.
Statement: Quotes President Jimmy Carter as saying "If you don't want your tax dollars to help the poor, then stop saying you want a country based on Christian values, because you don't.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 1, 2019
Topics: fake news;poverty;religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Fugelsang took to Twitter shortly after the misattributed version of the quote began to spread to set the record straight. On Sept. 13, 2013, he tweeted : "This quote was widely attributed to Jimmy Carter. I apologize to him for it." Fugelsang again tweeted the quote and added an important parenthetical: "(not Jimmy Carter)." We rate this post .