chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says a photo of a woman wearing a costume holding the sign "vagina lady" is Stanford law professor Pamela Karlan.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 6, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The caption does not name the person in the photo, but reads, "One of two ladies in vagina costumes." We reached out to race officials about whether Karlan’s name appeared on that year’s roster, but were told their registration data doesn’t go back that far. We searched news coverage of the event and found no mention of Karlan. Karlan herself responded to PolitiFact in an email, and said she didn’t attend the race and the photograph is not of her. We rate this .
Statement: Says David Jolly lobbied "for government-run health care just last year.
Speaker: kathleen peters
About the speaker: Kathleen Peters is a state representative for District 69 running for the open 13th U.S. Congressional District seat. She was previously the mayor and a city commissioner of South Pasadena in Pinellas County.
Date: December 19, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;negative campaigning
Context: comments during a press conference
Fact-check justification: Peters said at a press conference that Jolly was guilty of "lobbying for government-run health care just last year." She was attempting to link her opponent with Faneuil, a company that has worked with Washington state to operate a health care exchange. Both Jolly and Faneuil say Jolly wasn’t lobbying on health care, and we didn’t find specific  to show that he worked on that project. Peters later backed off the accusation, changing the wording in a mailer to point out Jolly was being paid by a company that also is paid for operating an Obamacare health exchange. Peters didn’t find any specific  linking Jolly to the Washington call center project, and we didn’t find anything more in our own review of the public records. Meanwhile, the Jolly campaign offers a plausible explanation for what kind of work he did for the company. Due to a lack of , we rate Peters’ statement .
Statement: Says Joe Biden and Barack Obama "directly participated in a plot to have #SealTeam6 MURDERED, then arranged a massive cash deal as part of a cover up.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: October 13, 2020
Topics: afghanistan;terrorism;facebook fact-checks
Context: a videos, articles and screenshots
Fact-check justification: Claims that Obama and Biden "directly participated in a plot" to murder members of SEAL Team Six are . The conspiracy theory hinges on one man’s unproven assertions about the 2012 Benghazi attacks, the death of bin Laden and the 2011 crash of the Extortion 17 helicopter in Afghanistan. There is no  to support those assertions. Two military investigations concluded that Extortion 17 crashed after a Taliban fighter shot a grenade at it. The investigations did not uncover a government plot to kill Navy SEALs. The statement is  and . We rate it ! Clarification Oct. 20: Anna Khait no longer contributes to the Epoch Times, the publication says. An earlier version of this story was unclear on that point.
Statement: Says Bernie Sanders' health care plan would "empower Republican governors to take away Medicaid, to take away health insurance for low-income and middle-income working Americans.
Speaker: chelsea clinton
About the speaker: Chelsea Clinton is the daughter of former President Bill Clinton and former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. 
Date: January 12, 2016
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a campaign event for Hillary Clinton
Fact-check justification: Chelsea Clinton said Sanders’ health care plan would "empower" governors "to take away health insurance for low-income and middle-income working Americans." Under Sanders’ plan, Americans would lose their current health insurance. However, his proposal would replace their health insurance and cover the currently uninsured. The program would auto-enroll every citizen and legal resident, all of whom would be entitled to benefits. While the plan would give governors authority to administer health insurance within their states, it includes provisions to allow federal authorities to take over if the governors refuse to implement it. It’s impossible to predict with certainty how Sanders’ plan would play out in real life. But Clinton’s statement makes it sound like Sanders’ plan would leave many people uninsured, which is antithetical to the goal of Sanders’ proposal: universal health care. We rate her  .
Statement: From '05 to '09, we've had 1,100 soldiers commit suicide, one every 36 hours.
Speaker: tim ryan
About the speaker: Tim Ryan is a representative of Ohio’s 13th Congressional District. Ryan served the state’s 17th Congressional District from 2003 until 2013, when he assumed office to represent the 13th District. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president. In 2022, he is running for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat.
Date: March 16, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: military
Context: a House committee hearing
Fact-check justification: It released its own report on the topic last year. So where does this  rank on the -O-Meter? Ryan’s number for actual suicides over a five year period was understated, but not off by enough to distort his underlying point - that suicides among military personnel are a problem that is on the rise. His statistic of one military suicide every 36 hours was also on the mark. On this point we rate his statement as .
Statement: With those first principles, it allowed a fellow like me to get in his truck and go from one end of the state to the other; started 20 points down and wound up 20 points ahead on election night.
Speaker: fred thompson
About the speaker: Fred Thompson was a U.S. senator from Tennessee from 1994 to 2003. He graduated from Memphis State University and earned a law degree at Vanderbilt University. Thompson practiced law and served a variety of government counsel positions, including as minority counsel for the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities ("Watergate Committee"). In his acting career Thompson has appeared in 18 films, and recently worked as a TV actor, playing a prosecutor on the series Law and Order. Thompson was born in Alabama in 1942. He has been married to Jeri Kehn since 2002, and has four children, two from his first marriage. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 22, 2008.
Date: September 21, 2007
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: Washington, D.C
Fact-check justification: The truck played a role for the lobbyist and actor. He leased it to campaign in the state, building his down-home bona fides among voters. In the same speech Thompson also pointed out, correctly, that President Bill Clinton won Tennessee twice. But it's worth noting that Thompson's first victory, 1994, came in a tidal wave year for Republicans, who took control of Congress. "That was kind of a watershed year in Tennessee," said Brad Coker, managing director of Mason-Dixon.
Statement: Oregon is the only state out of the 50 states in the USA that continues to pay 100% of the medical benefits for its employees and their families.
Speaker: dennis richardson
About the speaker: Dennis Richardson is a member of the Oregon House, representing District 4. He is an attorney and owns the law firm of Dennis Richardson & Associates, P.C., in Central Point.
Date: March 4, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: health care;state budget
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: Oregon is one of two states that covers a full range of benefits -- health, dental and vision -- but it’s one of at least four that covers the premiums for its lowest-cost health plan. Richardson’s larger point, that Oregon is in a shrinking group of states that do so is certainly a strong and valid one. However, he undercuts his argument by resorting to hyperbole. We find his  . Comment on this item.
Statement: The number of new businesses started per year has dropped by 100,000 during this president's term.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: April 11, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: corporations;economy;elections;jobs;small business
Context: a campaign speech
Fact-check justification: Mitt Romney said: "The number of new businesses started per year has dropped by 100,000 during this president’s term." Many studies have found that fewer businesses have been created during the recession than in previous years. But we couldn’t find any that attributed a drop-off to Obama’s policies or, for that matter, Bush’s policies. There is some  in Romney’s , but he neglected to say that the rate of new business start-ups was dropping before Obama took office. Or that by one measurement it has increased recently. Because Romney "leaves out important details or takes things out of context," we rate his statement . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Says with Jon Corzine, "it's the first time, I think, in history where a former Senator has been subpoenaed to testify before his former colleagues.
Speaker: pat roberts
About the speaker: Pat Roberts of Kansas was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1996. He previously served as a U.S. Congressman, elected in 1980.
Date: December 6, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: history
Context: an interview on Fox Business News
Fact-check justification: Roberts claimed that Jon Corzine is the first former senator to be "subpoenaed to testify before his former colleagues." Corzine is the first senator to be compelled to testify before Congress in more than 100 years. And as far as Senate historian’s office knows, he’s the first to be subpoenaed to testify in front of a Senate committee. Based on that information, we rate Roberts’ statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: U.S. Rep. Alan Grayson "compared a former vice president to a vampire ... and compared America's health care system to the Holocaust.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: February 26, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: In our view, the two uses have different meanings. The World War II "Holocaust" conveys a deliberate, horrific killing because of religion. While the uncapitalized "holocaust" is a broader term.   State Republicans got it right when they say Grayson has compared a former vice president to a vampire, but it's a stretch for their press release to liken American's health care system to the Holocaust of World War II. So we rate their statement .
Statement: Ohio ranks 46th in the country in putting dollars in the classroom.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: November 3, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: education
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: With no recent national data available for comparison, the national ranking that the policy center bestowed on Ohio appears unchallenged. Even the Ohio Education Department admitted that the policy center report’s figures for Ohio appear to be close to accurate, though it can’t say for sure or measure the figures against other states. It would, however, be useful for Kasich to acknowledge that the figures used for the ranking that he has repeatedly cited are more than two years old. That’s a key piece of information needed for context. That’s why we rate Kasich’s statement .
Statement: Glitches with voting in Arizona, New Jersey and Texas are proof the election is rigged.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 8, 2022
Location: new jersey
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks;arizona;texas
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post said glitches with voting in Arizona, New Jersey and Texas were proof the election is rigged.  In Maricopa County, Arizona, several printers that produced ballots didn’t use enough ink, making the ballots unreadable by the machine’s scanners. The workaround was to insert completed ballots into a secured slot, similar to a dropbox, to be counted after polls closed. Alternatively, voters could go to other polling places where machines were working. Machines that read and collect ballots malfunctioned in Mercer County, New Jersey, but voters were able to deposit their paper ballots into secure collection bins to be counted when polls closed. In Bell County, Texas, several check-in machines that allow voters to receive ballots were not functioning correctly because of daylight saving time. The problem was resolved, and voting centers stayed open for an additional hour to make up for the lost time.   None of the issues in any of the states prevented people from voting, and election officials in each jurisdiction said all votes were counted. We rate this  .
Statement: A schedule proves Donald Trump was recently participating in presidential activities.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 21, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It’s not linked on the Factba.se site but it was still accessible via a Google search when PolitiFact asked him about the Facebook post.   Frischling said, "We’ve run into confusion in the past where folks think Factba.se IS the White House’s official website," he said.   It’s not. And this isn’t Trump’s schedule — it’s Biden’s.   We rate claims that it is Trump’s schedule .
Statement: While in prison, boxer Jack Johnson invented and patented the first wrench, and white people insulted him by calling it a "monkey wrench.
Speaker: snoop dogg
About the speaker: Snoop Dog is a rapper.
Date: June 15, 2020
Topics: government regulation;sports
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Johnson did get a patent for a wrench he invented while in prison. But it was not the first wrench ever invented, and the original as well as one that became known as the monkey wrench were patented decades earlier. The origin of the monkey wrench name had nothing to do with Johnson.  We rate the statement .
Statement: Rick Perry "was the (campaign) chairman for Al Gore at one time, not too many years ago.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: August 10, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an Iowa campaign stop
Fact-check justification: When you're about to celebrate (your) 76th birthday, as Dr. Paul is next week, I suppose not. But in politics, it's a lifetime, no?" It was more than two decades ago. For that reason, we rate Paul’s statement . This rating was changed to  on Sept. 7, 2011.
Statement: Prince William May Not Attend Royal Wedding Leaving Harry Without a Best Man; Princess Diana Would Not Be Happy
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 16, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: BBC quoted a Kensington Palace spokesperson as saying: "The Duke of Cambridge will not be attending the FA Cup final due to his responsibilities as best man at his brother's wedding." Inspiringday.com’s About Us page says it is "a beautiful collection of fresh content to improve your life and brighten your day." One of its headlines said, "Prince William May Not Attend Royal Wedding Leaving Harry Without a Best Man; Princess Diana Would Not Be Happy." That’s not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Over 80 percent of our trade deficit today is with countries that are not trade agreement partners, that are not level playing fields for the United States.
Speaker: kevin brady
About the speaker: Brady represents a Houston-area U.S. House district.
Date: July 28, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: trade
Context: a U.S. House floor speech
Fact-check justification: And in a July 1 article on the institute's website that criticized the proposed trade agreement with South Korea as "foolish," Scott wrote: "History shows that such trade deals lead to rapidly growing trade deficits and job loss in the United States." Clearly, there's a difference of opinion on whether free-trade agreements are a good thing vis-a-vis the growing U.S. trade deficit, as Brady asserts. But the key statistic in Brady’s statement stands up. In fact, he understates the share of our trade deficit with nations that don't have free-trade agreements with the U.S. We rate Brady's statement .
Statement: Studies have shown Latinos are more than 40 percent less likely to call 911 when they have been a victim of a crime.
Speaker: kamala harris
About the speaker: Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States. Harris was elected as a senator from California in 2016. She previously was California’s attorney general from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 until 2011, she was the district attorney of San Francisco. Harris received a bachelor’s degree in political science and economics from Howard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in December. On Aug. 11, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden named Harris as his running mate.
Date: February 16, 2017
Location: california
Topics: immigration;crime
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: U.S. Sen. Kamala Harris said in a recent speech that "studies have shown Latinos are more than 40 percent less likely to call 911 when they have been a victim of a crime." A 2013 study by a professor at the University of Chicago, Illinois, found 44 percent of respondents (all Hispanics) agreed with the following statement: "I am less likely to contact police officers if I have been the victim of a crime for fear that they will ask me or people I know about our immigration status." The study’s author called Harris’  "basically on target." Harris leaves the impression there are multiple reports to back up her  when she uses the phrase "studies have shown" in her . Based on our research, and comments from her spokesman, there’s only a single report that backs this up. In 2009, the Pew Research Center produced a report that indicates a smaller share of Hispanics would be hesitant to contact police if they were victims of a crime. Unlike the 2013 report, the Pew study did not raise the issue of whether respondents would be concerned police would ask about their immigration status. It also took place before an increase in police involvement in immigration enforcement around the country. In the end, Harris’ statement needs a couple clarifications but is backed up by the 2013 report. We rate it .   – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/ebea8081-40ba-4fbd-85a4-f10c04656599
Statement: The director of the FBI said that we cannot properly vet people coming from the Middle East.
Speaker: carlos beruff
About the speaker: Carlos Beruff is a Bradenton developer running for U.S. Senate. His company, Medallion Homes, operates in Manatee and Sarasota counties. He has never held an elected office, but then-Gov. Charlie Crist in 2009 appointed him to the Sarasota-Bradenton Airport Authority, the Southwest Florida Water Management board and the State College of Florida board. Gov. Rick Scott reappointed him to all three positions and in 2015 picked Beruff to lead his hospital commission. 
 
Date: August 6, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;terrorism
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Beruff said, "The director of the FBI said that we cannot properly vet people coming from the Middle East." Comey, while talking specifically about Syrian refugees and not all of the Middle East, has repeatedly said that admitting refugees has its challenges and that information gaps do exist. But he also has expressed confidence in the admission procedure and says it continues to improve. That makes it hard to argue Comey feels like the government’s process "cannot properly vet people." We rate Beruff’s statement .
Statement: Volunteer firefighters and communities they serve in Georgia and elsewhere are being devastated by Obamacare.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: January 9, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: press release
Fact-check justification: The National Republican Senatorial Committee said that volunteer firefighters and communities they serve in Georgia and elsewhere could be devastated by Obamacare. But fixes to the problem were already under way. Those regulatory fixes, which are set to be put in place by 2015, seem to satisfy the volunteer firefighters in question. At minimum, it was premature for the National Republican Senatorial Committee to declare that firefighters and the communities they protect are "the latest Obamacare victims." We rate the NRC's statement .