chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Video shows "CBS Mornings" host Gayle King interviewing Elon Musk about a new project ensuring Canadians "won't have to work anymore.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 14, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) In the original video , from 2021, King talks to a news anchor for a CBS News affiliate in Boston about Oprah Winfrey’s then-recent interview with Prince Harry and Meghan Markle. She doesn’t mention Elon Musk or a supposed investment opportunity for Canadians.   The video of Musk, comes from a May 2022 recording of the "All-In" podcast. Highlights from that conversation include bots on Twitter, Musk’s opinions about the Biden administration, moving from California to Texas, and his non-Twitter companies, Tesla and SpaceX. We rate claims that this is an authentic video .
Statement: Under the new and little known 'global justice' initiative," the Obama administration has ordered FBI agents to "read Miranda Rights to high-value terrorist detainees captured on the battlefield.
Speaker: republican national committee
About the speaker: The Republican National Committee is the national arm of the Republican Party.
Date: July 7, 2009
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;foreign policy;military;terrorism
Context: a GOP survey
Fact-check justification: At the least, we can say the GOP question/statement is a bit . It suggests every detainee captured in Afghanistan is read his rights. That has only happened in a small number of cases, and only with Department of Justice approval. And according to the military, that has nothing to do with the Global Justice proposal. And so we rule this one .
Statement: HIV is not contagious.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 3, 2023
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: HIV-related mortality rates rose steadily through the 1980s and peaked in 1995. With improved treatments, the death rate has dropped in half since  2009, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. Without HIV treatment, people with AIDS typically survive about three years, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The  that HIV is not contagious is  and . We rate it !
Statement: 2014 midterm election spending by "the left and the right are both equal.
Speaker: joe scarborough
About the speaker: Joe Scarborough, a former Republican congressman from Florida, is the host of "Morning Joe" on MSNBC. He is a lawyer with Beggs and Lane, the oldest firm in Florida and a former publisher and editor of "The Florida Sun," a newspaper.
Date: November 3, 2014
Topics: campaign finance;punditfact
Context: a segment on "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: Scarborough and a guest tussled over spending in the 2014 midterms, with Scarborough saying the spending on both sides in 2014 is equal. The estimates we have say Republican-aligned groups spent more, though the estimates are somewhat close. But there is a lot of money that was spent that we cannot track.  Scarborough’s  is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Says there are thousands of registered voters over 110 years old in North Carolina, including one who is 219 years old.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: May 11, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: corrections and updates;elections;fake news;states
Context: a chain email
Fact-check justification: After President Donald Trump announced a new commission on voter fraud, a chain email has been making the rounds in North Carolina suggesting voter fraud and "questionable elections." It cites thousands of people registered to vote who couldn’t possibly be alive. However, nearly 98 percent of those people are actually voters who the state lists as being born in 1900 or 1901 since they didn’t have to give their date of birth when registering to vote. Others are on the list simply due to clerical errors. Of these nearly 5,400 voters who appear 110 or older, no more than 130 are dead. And it could be less. A 2016 audit found only two cases of people voting in the name of a dead person, out of more than 4.8 million votes cast. The email reaches a faulty conclusion based on a dishonest premise, and we rate its  . Correction: An earlier version of this article said inactive voters have their registrations automatically revoked after 16 years. It's actually after eight years. This did not affect our ruling.
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "has been a champion of globalist trade agreements. ... Worst of all, they are now pushing the disastrous 5,000-page Obamatrade — the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement.
Speaker: jeff sessions
About the speaker: Jeff Sessions is President Donald Trump's Attorney General. He was previously a U.S. Senator from Alabama.
 
Date: July 18, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;trade
Context: Cleveland
Fact-check justification: Sessions said Clinton "has been a champion of globalist trade agreements. ... Worst of all, they are now pushing the disastrous 5,554-page Obamatrade — the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement." Clinton has largely supported free trade deals, but calling her a "champion" of them goes too far. Out of the 15 trade deals that she’s commented or voted on from 1993 to 2016, she currently opposes four of them, including the Trans-Pacific Partnership deal that Sessions singled out. We rate Sessions’  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/66f39bcc-aed2-45b1-9d58-641cdff013eb
Statement: We finally achieved that energy independence… under the Trump administration. President Biden squandered (it) away.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: July 14, 2022
Location: national
Topics: economy;energy;gas prices;wisconsin
Context: Blog post
Fact-check justification: Johnson claimed "We finally achieved that energy independence … under the Trump administration. President Biden squandered (it) away." By some measures, this is  — the U.S. has relied on imported oil products for decades and continues to do so. By choosing a more narrow metric, Johnson cites an accurate number: Late in the Trump administration, the U.S. began exporting more crude oil and petroleum products than it imports. But Johnson is also  to say the situation has been reversed under Biden.  Our definition of  is: "The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression." That fits here.
Statement: I remain one of the poorer members of the United States Senate.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: April 14, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: the Brooklyn presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "I remain one of the poorer members of the United States Senate." It’s important to remember that the financial-disclosure forms produce values too vague to be 100 percent certain of where each senator ranks in net worth. And with a minimum net worth of $160,000, we wouldn’t say Sanders is poor. That said, a credible calculation using financial disclosure forms put Sanders as having the 19th lowest net worth in the Senate. We rate the statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/c8f91756-1e20-48c6-9d55-44f4d3c615b1
Statement: Quotes Sen. Lindsey Graham as saying President Trump "probably knows more about medicine and specifically viruses than any of the so-called scientists at the NIH and CDC.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 2, 2020
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Graham released a statement on Feb. 26 praising Trump’s response to the current coronavirus outbreak, but he doesn’t suggest in that statement that he believes Trump knows more about the virus than medical professionals. We reached out to Graham’s office for comment but did not hear back in time of publication.   The person who tweeted the made-up quote, Dan Lyons, describes himself on his Twitter account as an "inventor of  news." But this context is lost on people who viewed the tweet on other platforms and those who didn’t visit his profile.   !
Statement: PolitiFact Wisconsin "concluded that the charge that Justice Prosser prejudges matters that come before the court is True.
Speaker: joanne kloppenburg
About the speaker: JoAnne Kloppenburg of Madison is state Court of Appeals judge and a former assistant state attorney general. She ran for the Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2011 and is running for the high court again in 2016. 
Date: March 29, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;legal issues
Context: a statement at a candidate forum
Fact-check justification: Actually, there aren’t two, but rather six possible ratings on the -O-Meter. , which is what we concluded about Kloppenburg’s prejudging , is a statement that "contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression." That’s a long way from , which means a statement "is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing." At the opposite end of the meter from  is , for a statement that is  . And  is what Kloppenburg gets for her  about our earlier ruling.
Statement: Says Mitt Romney supports a plan "to slowly and gradually raise the retirement age of Social Security.
Speaker: chris redfern
About the speaker: Chris Redfern is chairman of the Ohio Democratic Party, a post he has held since December 2005.
Date: February 15, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: social security
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: It’s why Social Security is called the third rail of American politics. Redfern’s  about Romney is accurate. Romney has said repeatedly that he would gradually raise the retirement age for Social Security. But that Romney specifically has excluded people already retired and those near retirement age is additional information that helps clarify the statement. On the -O-Meter, Redfern’s  rates .
Statement: When White House communications director Anita Dunn said that Mao Tse-tung was "one of her favorite philosophers, only Fox News picked that up.
Speaker: bill o'reilly
About the speaker: Bill O'Reilly hosted The O'Reilly Factor on Fox News until 2017. He formerly worked as a television news reporter and has authored numerous books.
Date: October 23, 2009
Location: national
Topics: pundits
Context: a comment on the O'Reilly Factor
Fact-check justification: With only a few exceptions, the media coverage we found consisted either of opinion columns (both pro and con), purposeful mentions of it by TV commentators or as a subject for laughs. However, if we stick to his precise wording, O'Reilly is certainly  that "only Fox News" picked up the story. While Fox beat the drum more heavily than anyone — not surprising, since it was the network's story to begin with — CNN and the blogs of several major newspapers also mentioned it. In addition, syndicated versions of two Washington Post columns appeared in many newspapers around the country. We rate his statement .
Statement: Video shows Elon Musk talking about an "AI cryptocurrency trading platform" he launched.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 14, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Musk didn’t mention BitSoft or cryptocurrency during the interview. We found no  that Musk is affiliated with something called BitSoft or BitSoft360. When we clicked on the video, as Musk appears to suggest in the clip, the link leads to a webpage posing as the website for British tabloid The Sun. But the website gives it away: something called hongfahk, an a url that includes references to women’s T-shirts and a "gym king. "  We rate this post .
Statement: We have plans to build a railroad from the Pacific all the way across the Indian Ocean.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: June 14, 2023
Topics: environment;transportation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: African nations have an additional interest in the railway’s development, because it is expected to boost trade and help people move across the continent. The African Development Bank Group says the corridor’s development will bring jobs to the area, enable human transportation and strengthen the regional agricultural sector. Though a train across the world’s largest ocean would certainly be a marvel, there is no Indian Ocean-Pacific Ocean train line happening soon. The oceans are separated by Australia, several Southeast Asian countries, such as Indonesia and the Philippines, and their surrounding seas.   We rate Biden’s comment .
Statement: Trump supporters tackled an Antifa thug, unmasked him, duct taped him to an electrical box.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 10, 2020
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A photo posted on Rallitox’s Instagram shows the scene from a different angle, and "Rallitox" can be seen written below "I’m an unicorn!!" The caption says: "Human sticker serie. I’m aN unicorn!! Berlin 2015." We rate this post .
Statement: Social media posts claim the U.S. Postal Service "says you should give mail in ballots at least 14 days roundtrip. So, if you plan to vote by mail, election day isn't November 3. It's October 20th.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 24, 2020
Location: california
Topics: elections;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: In the end, these social media posts stretch the  by suggesting there’s a fixed deadline of Oct. 20 to vote-by-mail in the United States. The Postal Service and elections experts encourage voters to act early, but deadlines vary by state.   We rate the overall  .    – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context.
Statement: Says John Cornyn dodged the draft during the Vietnam War.
Speaker: david alameel
About the speaker: David Alameel, a dentist-turned-investor, was the Democratic U.S. Senate nominee in Texas in 2014.
Date: June 28, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;history;military;public service
Context: his speech at the Texas Democratic Party convention
Fact-check justification: Alameel said Cornyn "dodged" the draft during the Vietnam War. This  puts no stock in Cornyn registering for the draft and qualifying for student deferments, which many men eligible for service took. These men weren’t draft dodgers in the conventional sense of that term; none fled the country or the like. A government document even suggests Cornyn was briefly classified as available for immediate service. Alameel offered nothing but mention of Cornyn seeking a deferment as the basis of his  which, all told, we find factually unsupported and . !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says under U.S. Sen. Robert Menendez's watch the nation's unemployment rate and debt doubled and the federal budget deficit quadrupled.
Speaker: joseph kyrillos
About the speaker: Joseph Kyrillos, Jr. is a Republican state senator representing part of Monmouth County. The former chairman of the New Jersey Republican State Committee, Kyrillos is running in the November 2012 general election for the U.S. Senate seat currently held by Democrat Robert Menendez.
Date: October 4, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: candidate biography;debt;deficit;economy;jobs
Context: a debate on NJTV
Fact-check justification: Kyrillos said that under Menendez’s watch the nation’s unemployment rate and debt doubled and the federal budget deficit quadrupled. While Kyrillos’s arithmetic is  accurate in the time since Menendez joined the Senate, it’s  to assign full responsibility for national economic trends on one legislator. For that reason, we rate this  . To comment on this ruling, go to  NJ.com .
Statement: If 20 million illegals vote, you can kiss the Second Amendment goodbye.
Speaker: joe miller
About the speaker: Joe Miller is a Republican from Alaska. He won the party's nomination for U.S. Senate in 2010 but lost the general election to fellow Republican Lisa Murkowski. 
Date: August 9, 2014
Location: national
Topics: immigration;message machine 2014;guns
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Miller said, "If 20 million illegals vote, you can kiss the Second Amendment goodbye." We found that it would be nearly impossible to remove the Second Amendment from the Constitution, given the country’s ideological make-up, and adding a voting bloc of 20 million would be unlikely to change that -- regardless of their political persuasions. However, it’s possible that adding 20 million new voters who lean Democrat could result in stricter gun control laws. Miller’s mailer muddies the waters, because increasing gun ownership regulations is not the same thing as scrapping the Second Amendment entirely. The ad is  when it suggests 20 million voters can repeal part of the Constitution’s Bill of Rights. We rate it .
Statement: China, my understanding is, supplies 4 percent of the steel in the U.S.
Speaker: angus king
About the speaker: Angus King is a United States Senator from Maine.
Date: March 4, 2018
Location: national
Topics: china;foreign policy;trade
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: King said, "China, my understanding is, supplies 4 percent of the steel in the U.S." There are different ways to measure U.S. steel imports by country. In terms of dollar value, Chinese steel made up 3.35 percent of the United States’ nearly $30 billion annual steel import market in 2017. But in terms of quantity, China accounted for just over 2 percent of U.S. steel imports that year. King’s  tracks closely to one of two measures. But in either case, King does not stray too far from the Commerce Department’s 2017 data. We rate this .
Statement: Florida shelled out more money for drug testing than it saved by denying welfare benefits to people who tested positive for drugs.
Speaker: nan orrock
About the speaker: Nan Orrock, a Democrat, is a Georgia state senator from Atlanta.
Date: January 22, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: legal issues
Context: television interview
Fact-check justification: "There is no  that a problem exists." So where does this leave us? Orrock based her statement on news accounts about the Florida experience. Previous studies also suggest that similar measures elsewhere would not save taxpayers money. We rate her statement .
Statement: October 2013, Obama shut down the government for 16 days to force Obamacare.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 22, 2018
Topics: immigration;health care;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said that Obama shut down the government in 2013 to force Obamacare. There are a couple of key differences between then and today. First, leading Republicans, including Ryan, noted that Obamacare largely would move forward even if some elements were defunded. In that sense, Obama was not fighting to "force" Obamacare, because he didn’t need to. Second, in 2013, two issues, Obamacare and the debt ceiling, were on the table. In 2018, funding for the wall stands alone. In 2013, a compromise on the debt ceiling cleared the way to reopen the government. There is also a legal difference. In 2013, Obamacare was already law. Funding for the wall is not. The situation in 2013 was more complicated than today. Obama, like Trump, aimed to protect a favored policy. But he also wanted to raise the debt limit, an issue of at least equal importance. We rate this  .
Statement: Says that the Paris Climate Accord will cost the U.S. economy "6.5 million jobs and $3 trillion in economic growth by 2040.
Speaker: wayne christian
About the speaker: Wayne Christian of Center, first elected to the Texas House of Representatives in 1996, lost his bid for the GOP nod in 2012.
Date: January 5, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: climate change;energy
Context: a letter
Fact-check justification: "  Our ruling  Christian wrote in an open letter that reentry into the Paris Climate Accord will "cost American workers 6.5 million jobs and $3 trillion in economic growth by 2040," accurately citing a study released in 2017 by NERA Economic Consulting.    Those figures were similarly referenced by Trump in justification of his decision to withdraw from the accord.  After that announcement, authors of the study said the "Trump administration selectively used results" and failed to consider key limitations of their findings.    Christian similarly omitted these caveats.    We rate this  .
Statement: One of the first states in the union to pass a voter ID bill was Rhode Island, 85 percent Democratic legislature.
Speaker: ann coulter
About the speaker: Ann Coulter is a conservative columnist and author.
Date: September 27, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: elections;pundits
Context: a TV show appearance
Fact-check justification: Ann Coulter said Rhode Island was one of the first states to enact voter-identification laws. It isn’t.  At least a dozen states had such laws earlier, making Rhode Island closer to the middle of the pack. We rule her statement .