chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Sotomayor thinks "that one's sex, race and ethnicity ought to affect the decisions one renders from the bench.
Speaker: judicial confirmation network
About the speaker: The Judicial Confirmation Network is a conservative nonprofit organization that, according to its Web site, is made up of "citizens joined together to support the confirmation of highly qualified individuals to the Supreme Court of the United States."
Date: May 26, 2009
Location: national
Topics: sotomayor nomination;supreme court
Context: a released statement
Fact-check justification: To the contrary, Sotomayor says several times that she agrees judges should aspire to "transcend their personal sympathies and prejudices." However, she acknowledges that we are all informed by our experiences and that "personal experiences affect the facts that judges choose to see." And, she concludes, when it comes to things like race and sex discrimination, that kind of diversity of experience can be an asset. In context, it's clear that Sotomayor isn't suggesting the intellect of Latina women is superior to that of white men, only that a greater diversity of experience and thought would be a valuable addition to the court system. And so we rate the Judicial Confirmation Network's statement .
Statement: We have right now, … in the state of California, 55 percent of all immigrants are on public assistance.
Speaker: steve cortes
About the speaker: Former Trump Hispanic advisory council president and CNN political commentator.
Date: January 23, 2018
Location: california
Topics: immigration;welfare
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Cortes said, "We have right now … in the state of California, 55 percent of all immigrants are on public assistance." That’s  of households but not individual immigrants, in 2012, a study found. The Current Population Survey found a lower amount, that 41 percent of immigrant households in California relied on welfare. Government assistance is broadly defined to include school lunch and Medicaid. The discrepancy in what may ordinarily be considered welfare, like cash and housing assistance, was much lower between native and immigrant households in California. In the absence of clearer definitions of public assistance and the distinction between immigrants and immigrant households, Cortes’   immigrants’ drain on public coffers. We rate this statement .
Statement: The only segment in the beer market that is growing is the craft beer segment.
Speaker: mike villarreal
About the speaker: Mike Villarreal, a House member since 2000, resigned his seat on the cusp of the 2015 legislative session to run for mayor of San Antonio.
Date: April 22, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: alcohol;regulation;small business
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: On March 28, Anheuser-Busch announced plans to buy Chicago craft beermaker Goose Island. "Sales of these more expensive and more sophisticated craft beers are a tiny drop in the bucket compared to mass market beer sales, but they’re growing faster than mainstream beers," according to a National Public radio story about the deal. Last September, CNBC reported that publicly-traded craft beer companies had seen "explosive growth" in the U.S. while overall beer sales were down. And an August MarketWatch report said: "While beer consumption in recent quarters has remained  anemic for the major commercial beer brewers... sales for premium or so-called craft beers have continued at a steady pace." We rate Villarreal’s statement as .
Statement: Says he posted a "win" in the Republican Party of Wisconsin endorsement contest in the U.S. Senate primary.
Speaker: jeff fitzgerald
About the speaker: Wisconsin Rep. Jeff Fitzgerald, R-Horicon, is the speaker of the state Assembly. He was elected to the Assembly in 2000. His brother is Wisconsin state Senate Majority Leader Scott Fitzgerald. In October 2011, Jeff Fitzgerald ran unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate in 2012.
Date: May 13, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: Facebook and Twitter posts
Fact-check justification: A first-place showing in the final showdown -- and majority support -- do represent a "win" for Fitzgerald. Or, as he tweeted, "success." But the  needs some clarification in that it was not a formal endorsement -- the prize everyone was seeking.    We rate it . (You can comment on this item on the Journal Sentinel's website )
Statement: A "well-crafted garlic salve" can "heal any ailment of the lungs and respiratory system.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 4, 2022
Topics: health care;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post says a "well crafted garlic salve" can "heal any ailment of the lungs and respiratory system." Doctors told PolitiFact a topical garlic salve would be an ineffective treatment against respiratory illnesses, and there is no scientific  that it works. We rate this  .
Statement: Have the suburbs been inundated with former residents of Atlanta housing projects? Absolutely not.
Speaker: barney simms
About the speaker: Barney Simms is chief external affairs officer of the Atlanta Housing Authority
Date: June 29, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: housing
Context: a letter
Fact-check justification: DeKalb County's population is slightly more than 747,000, the Census Bureau data show. Even if all 1,400 of those people moved to one of those counties, is it fair to say one of those places has been "inundated" with former AHA tenants? We don't think so. The data from the AHA and Georgia State both reach similar conclusions that the percentage of tenants moving out of the city has been small. Therefore, we rate Simms' statement as .
Statement: Obama voted for "tax subsidies and giveways" that have slowed oil companies from pursuing clean energy sources.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: March 11, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Harrisburg, Pa
Fact-check justification: Responding to a PolitiFact inquiry, the Clinton campaign referred to a speech she made on the Senate floor, citing her opposition to the bill because, in part, it ignored pressing energy challenges, including U.S. dependence on foreign oil. "The bill includes billions in subsidies for mature energy industries, including oil and nuclear," Clinton said in her July 29, 2005, remarks. However, this reasoning ignores the fact that tax breaks for oil and gas producers encourage domestic production, which helps reduce reliance on foreign oil. Clinton is right that Obama voted for the bill and she didn't. But because she incorrectly depicts the 2005 energy bill as a setback to renewable energy and a sop to Big Oil, we find her statement to be .
Statement: Says Gerald Daugherty advocated lowering the penalty for crimes like strangulation in domestic violence cases because "they just 'throw more people into the'" jail "'system.
Speaker: david holmes
About the speaker: David Holmes, the 2016 Democratic nominee to represent Precinct 3 on the Travis County commissioners court, previously worked as an aide to Democrats including Bob Bullock, Ann Richards and Leticia Van de Putte. He also has worked in the music business.
Date: October 17, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a Facebook post and video
Fact-check justification: Holmes said Daugherty advocated lowering the penalty for crimes like strangulation in domestic violence cases because "they just ‘throw more people into the’" jail "‘system.’" Addressing staff members, Daugherty appeared to be seeking input on a variety of issues affecting the costs of operating the jail. Among the questions he raised was whether the county should argue for a lowering of the penalty for strangulation. Yet Daugherty didn’t advocate for that action either in his comment at the work session or in any statement or action since, far as we can tell. We rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/db629f33-5c92-4efa-9999-f121a00a8ffb
Statement: We have the highest tax rate anywhere in the world.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 14, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump, while lamenting the condition of the middle class, said the U.S. has "the highest tax rate anywhere in the world." All sets of data we examined for individual and family taxes prove him . Statutory income tax rates in the U.S. fall around the end of the upper quarter of nations. More exhaustive measures - which compute overall tax burden per person and as a percentage of GDP - show the U.S. either is in the middle of the pack or on the lighter end of taxation compared with other advanced industrialized nations. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: And, you know, our first president and our first commander in chief prayed every day. He had a field manual of prayers.
Speaker: duncan hunter
About the speaker: Duncan Hunter is a former U.S. representative from California, first elected to the post in 1980. He was born in California in 1948 and went to Western State University for undergraduate and law degrees. He served in Vietnam and practiced law before running for Congress. He is married and has two children. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 19, 2008.
Date: October 31, 2007
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: a Fox News interview
Fact-check justification: Washington scholar Rupert Hughes wrote in 1926 that no  connects Washington to this prayer book, which was found nearly a century after his death in a old trunk. Hughes consulted a penmanship expert who proved it wasn't even in Washington's handwriting. "We are very confident that this prayer book is not Washington's prayer book," Chase said. Fortunately for Hunter, it's a common myth. Otherwise, we might give him a  ruling.
Statement: Says a Republican bill he vetoed would have implemented a "mandate" to make public the names of all students' parents or guardians.
Speaker: tony evers
About the speaker: Tony Evers, a Democrat, was elected Wisconsin governor in November 2018. His term begins in January 2019. Evers has served as the Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction, a non-partisan position, since 2009. He previously worked as a teacher and school district administrator.
Date: November 21, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education
Context: a veto message
Fact-check justification: While vetoing a pupil records law, Evers said the law would have mandated that schools release the names of students’ parents or guardians. He stated that the mandate was his main reason for vetoing the measure. But there is no mandate — something Evers’ office eventually admitted 11 days later. State statute is clear that the district can choose which student information is released, and even after that parents or guardians can choose to opt out of releasing any student information. It’s an admittedly obscure, in-the-weeds kind of law, but it takes on a larger significance since the governor — or a staffer working on his behalf —  either fundamentally misunderstood how the law works or intentionally misstated it to support his veto. We rate Evers’  .
Statement: Eric Esshaki "would allow insurance companies to kick people with a preexisting condition off their plans in the middle of a pandemic, including over 100,000 Michiganders who have survived COVID-19.
Speaker: haley stevens
About the speaker: Haley Stevens represents Michigan's 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Date: September 29, 2020
Location: michigan
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: A Haley Stevens campaign ad says her challenger, Eric Esshaki, supports a plan that would allow insurers to kick over 100,000 COVID-19 survivors in Michigan off their health care plans. Stevens cites Esshaki’s support for repealing the Affordable Care Act, which includes protections for preexisting conditions. But Esshaki has called for waiting to repeal the ACA until there’s a replacement that maintains those protections. Stevens’ ad also assumes that all Michiganders who have survived COVID-19 would be affected in the same way — and lose their coverage — if the ACA were repealed or overturned. That’s not the case. People in the individual insurance market would be most at risk if insurers designate coronavirus infections as a preexisting condition. But the effect on people covered by job-based group plans, Medicare or Medicaid would be more limited. The  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts. We rate it .
Statement: GOP tax plan "is better for working, middle-class families" since "88% of the tax relief goes to those making $100,000 or less.
Speaker: john nygren
About the speaker: John Nygren is a Republican who represents the 89th District in the Wisconsin State Assembly
Date: February 12, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The numbers are accurate, so far as they go. The problem is they show only part of the picture. The Democrats are proposing a larger overall tax cut that would result in more tax savings for those under $100,000 in earnings — even if that accounts for a lower percentage of the overall tax cut package. So the statement is partially accurate, but it leaves out important details. That’s our definition of .
Statement: Biden impeachment in progress.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 6, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: So far, no House majority has ever impeached a president of the same party. It is the job of the Senate to consider whether the articles of impeachment merit removal from office. Republicans controlled the House when they initiated the impeachment process against former President Bill Clinton, and Democrats controlled the House when they initiated the impeachment process against Trump in 2020 over his dealings with Ukraine in connection with his hopeful re-election, and again in 2021 after the Jan. 6 Capitol attack.   Democrats still control the House, and they haven’t initiated an impeachment process against Biden. We rate claims that Biden’s impeachment is in progress !
Statement: Photo shows Kim Jong Un's weight loss
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 16, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) The first photo shows Kim in Pyongyang, North Korea in March 2019. The second photo shows him taking part in a parade in the city in September 2021.   But the 2021 photo has been altered in the Facebook post to make him appear thinner than he looks in the original image.   Claims that this photo shows how much weight Kim lost are .
Statement: For too long, Obamacare has caused high premiums and dismal coverage. ... Under Obamacare premiums in job-based coverage have increased by $3,775
Speaker: vicky hartzler
About the speaker: Rep. Vicky Hartzler, R-Mo., represents Missouri's fourth district. She was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1994.
Date: March 14, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: health care
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Hartzler claimed that "Obamacare has caused high premiums and dismal coverage," and that "premiums in job-based coverage have increased by $3,775." Her  ignores a key finding of the study from which her numbers came: that the increase in premiums is dramatically slowing. She also discounted the fact that experts believe that only 1 to 3 percent of the increase in premium cost was actually attributable to the Affordable Care Act. Due to her misinterpretation of the numbers, we rate Hartzler’s  .
Statement: I never said that" Marco Rubio was Mark Zuckerberg's personal senator.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 28, 2015
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Boulder, Colo
Fact-check justification: In the debate, Trump said he "never said that" Marco Rubio was Mark Zuckerberg’s personal senator. But he may want to check his own website, which says exactly that. !
Statement: Law enforcement in the state of Arizona supports" the state's new immigration law.
Speaker: jan brewer
About the speaker: Jan Brewer, a Republican, is the former governor of Arizona.
Date: July 1, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a Fox News interview with Greta Van Susteren
Fact-check justification: The police chiefs who filed declarations supporting the Obama administration’s attempt to block it stressed their own concerns about illegal immigration. But when it came to the new law, they expressed worry that it will stop undocumented witnesses from coming forth in serious crimes, impose large new amounts of work on police forces without additional compensation, invite lawsuits against police departments and divert police from focusing on crimes such as kidnappings and illegal drug smuggling. Brewer suggests unified support from police. Yes, there is support from two police groups, but there’s also opposition from police chiefs. We find her  .
Statement: Responding to a major snow event in Atlanta would be like Kansas City, Mo., responding to a major earthquake.
Speaker: sly james
About the speaker: mayor of Kansas City Mo.
Date: February 7, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: weather
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: But to compare cleaning up the mess from 2 inches of snow  to recovering from a major earthquake rattles the very heart of the -O-Meter. One is relatively common over the span of decades. The other, extremely rare. The Kansas City mayor overreached on this one. We rate James’ statement .
Statement: Says the high-speed rail project provides "short-term jobs.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: March 2, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: jobs;stimulus;transportation
Context: an interview with Fox News
Fact-check justification: Scott said the high-speed rail project provides "short-term jobs." He's largely right. More than 80 percent of the jobs created (talking job-years again) only exist for two years, and 98 percent of the jobs last no more than four years while the rail's being built. That leaves just 1,100 direct and indirect jobs created as a result of the operation of the train that are truly permanent. We rate Scott's  .
Statement: Because of Jim Whelan, "the 1990s are the only decade since the 1920s when the population of Atlantic City actually went up.
Speaker: jim whelan
About the speaker: State Sen. Jim Whelan is a Democrat from Atlantic County.
Date: September 15, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: gambling
Context: a debate with Assemblyman Vince Polistina
Fact-check justification: Whelan’s statistics about Atlantic City’s population changes are on target, but the population growth came from a variety of factors. As the city’s political leader, Whelan obviously played a role in new development and other improvements, but he also inherited a booming casino industry and served at a time when more immigrants were moving to urban areas across the country. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Bill Gates' Former Doctor Says Billionaire 'Refused To Vaccinate His Children'
Speaker: yournewswire.com
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: May 7, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: That was a clarifying moment for me. No child should die a preventable death. Bill and I have dedicated our lives to reducing the number who do." Without , Yournewswire claimed that a former doctor for Bill Gates said the philanthropist refused to vaccinate his own children. We rate the post !
Statement: Says Donna Campbell is pushing a 35 percent sales tax extending to medicine, groceries and real estate.
Speaker: jeff wentworth
About the speaker: Jeff Wentworth, a state senator from San Antonio, lost his bid for the 2012 Republican nomination for the seat.
Date: July 19, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: taxes
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Wentworth says Campbell is pushing a 35 percent sales tax extending to medicine, groceries and real estate. She’s not, though we can see the threads behind this  . While running for Congress in 2010, Campbell  spoke out in favor of a possible 23 percent federal sales tax in return for wiping out federal income taxes. In the same spirit, she now supports replacing property tax revenue collected across Texas with income from the state sales tax. By itself, that move could drive the state sales tax rate to 14 percent or so. Then again, the conditions her campaign lays out could be taken as signals she’s not ready to embrace any sudden surge or broadening of the tax. Campbell’s two stances, taken years apart in campaigns for different offices, reflect on sales taxes at different levels of government.This  distorts both positions by effectively combining the possible tax rates. All told, too, it’s  to assert that Campbell, who has signed no-new-tax pledges, is pushing or calling for an expanded sales tax set at 35 percent. !