chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Building a wall" on the U.S.-Mexico border "will take literally years.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: January 15, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: Radio interview
Fact-check justification: Keep in mind, too, it took more than six years to build roughly 700 miles of fence and barriers along the roughly 2,000-mile U.S.-Mexico border. We rate this speculative  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Sherrod Brown "votes 97 percent with Chuck Schumer, almost 95 plus percent with Elizabeth Warren.
Speaker: jim renacci
About the speaker: Jim Renacci, a Republican, is running against U.S. Sen. Sherrod Brown, a Democrat, in 2018. Renacci is the representative from Ohio's 16th Congressional District. He is a businessman and also the former mayor of Wadsworth. He was first elected to Congress in 2010.
Date: July 10, 2018
Location: ohio
Topics: congress;voting record
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Renacci said Brown "votes 97 percent with Chuck Schumer, almost 95 plus percent with Elizabeth Warren." The numbers are largely correct and not in dispute. But it’s not unusual for members of the same party to vote together, and it doesn’t tell the full story about their voting record. We rate this  .
Statement: Obama himself voted against funding our nation's veterans and troops in the field during a time of war.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: May 12, 2008
Location: national
Topics: military
Context: a statement by a spokesman
Fact-check justification: But Obama and 13 other holdouts (in all, 10 Democrats, three Republicans and one independent) registered their displeasure with a "clean" funding bill that didn't address troop withdrawals by voting against the measure. "We should not give the president a blank check to continue down this same, disastrous path," Obama said in a statement on the day of the vote. Obama has, in fact, shown an interest in improving military benefits, working in the spring of 2005 to insert language in a defense authorization bill reversing a policy that required soldiers receiving outpatient care at Walter Reed Army Medical Center to pay for meals. Through his proxies, McCain fails to put Obama's vote in the proper context, so we cannot rate this statement . Still, even though Obama had his reasons, the fact remains that he voted against the bill, which leads us to conclude that McCain's statement is .
Statement: Most military experts say there is anywhere between 25 and 30 members of al Qaeda in Afghanistan.
Speaker: david cicilline
About the speaker: David Cicilline was elected to the 1st Congressional District in 2010. Before that, he was mayor of Providence, beginning in January, 2003. A Brown University graduate, he received his law degree from Georgetown University Law Center.
Date: May 6, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: afghanistan
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: But Cicilline claimed the number he cited -- lower than most others -- was what "most military experts" were saying. In fact, that’s not what most military experts were saying. And even he acknowledges he "misspoke." We rate his   . (To comment or offer your own ruling, visit us on Facebook .)
Statement: The fact is that red light cameras change driver behavior and cut down on the most dangerous types of accidents.
Speaker: rick kriseman
About the speaker: Rick Kriseman is a state representative representing parts of Pinellas County. He was first elected in 2006.
Date: July 28, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: public safety
Context: a Tampa Bay Times questionnaire
Fact-check justification: Kriseman’s point is not new: Many supporters of red light cameras tout, as he did, that benefits include changed motorist behavior and reducing the most dangerous kind of crashes. We found some studies that say cameras changed motorist behavior -- by either putting them on high alert or teaching them a lesson. But whether they truly "cut down on the most dangerous types of accidents" remains a matter of much debate. We rate his  .
Statement: 99.4% of businesses in Wisconsin are small businesses," and they employ "nearly half of our workforce.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: May 6, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;small business;workers
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Some are more positive on Wisconsin, but most place Wisconsin at or below average. That led then-Gov. Scott Walker to get a   rating in 2017 for picking the most glowing of the recent results to  Wisconsin was a Top 10 state for business. Johnson’s tweet said small business is a big deal in Wisconsin, accounting for more than 99% of all businesses and half of all employment. That  — based on the federal definition of a "small" business — is in line with the latest data. We rate his statement .
Statement: Joe Biden is being investigated for human trafficking and is guilty.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 17, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram report claims "Joe Biden is being investigated for human trafficking and is guilty." House Republicans have said they plan to investigate the president and his family for alleged wrongdoing when the new Congress convenes in January, but there is no active investigation into Biden related to human trafficking.   The Instagram post pre-emptively ascribes guilt to the president.  We rate this  .
Statement: Currently, 23 percent of our military's infrastructure is graded as 'poor' while 9 percent is 'failing.'
Speaker: allen thomas
About the speaker: Allen Thomas is the former mayor of Greenville, North Carolina, and a Democratic candidate for North Carolina's 3rd Congressional District.
Date: April 9, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: a candidate questionnaire
Fact-check justification: Thomas said, "Currently, 23 percent of our military’s infrastructure is graded as ‘poor’ while 9 percent is ‘failing’." These numbers are in line with what the Department of Defense reported to Congress last year. We rate this statement . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected]
Statement: A video shows a nurse pretending to vaccinate actor Anthony Hopkins before squirting fluid in the syringe on the floor.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: March 9, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "The excess liquid pictured in the video is a result of residual volume that occupies the ‘dead space’ in the needle system ... AFTER the full dose drawn into the syringe has been administered," the statement said. "This is expected, and ‘dead space’ is present in every medication administered by injection." In January, the U.S. government sought to squeeze an extra dose out of the Pfizer vials by providing special syringes with low dead space to reduce the amount of vaccine left over, but the effort was hampered by a syringe shortage. This post is .
Statement: Four kids who took the coronavirus vaccine died immediately.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 17, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral image on Facebook claimed, "Many kids will die from the covid-19 vaccine. Just to remind you the 4 kids that took the vaccine, died immediately."  There is no  that children have died because of the coronavirus vaccines in development, or that a future vaccine will contain microchips. We rate this  .
Statement: John Oxendine is under a state ethics investigation because he illegally funneled more than $120,000 to his campaign from shady insurance political action committees in Alabama.
Speaker: karen handel
About the speaker: Karen Handel is the former secretary of state of Georgia. She is also the former chair of the Fulton County Board of Commissioners. Handel, a Republican, lost the runoff for the GOP nomination for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: June 28, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: ethics
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Handel's mailer said a violation took place even though the commission has yet to vote on whether the case has merit. No judge has been assigned to the case, much less issued a ruling. If the mailer said Oxendine was "accused" of illegally funneling money it would have been correct. But it didn't. We rate Handel's statement .
Statement: An extra 2 whole months and 15 days. That's how long it takes for white women to make the same amount men made in the same job last year. And it's even worse for women of color.
Speaker: tammy duckworth
About the speaker: Tammy Duckworth was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2016 after representing Illinois' 8th Congressional District for two terms. She is an Iraq War veteran and former Assistant Secretary for the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Date: March 15, 2022
Location: illinois
Topics: income
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Rating Duckworth claimed it takes an extra 2.5 months for white women to earn the same as all men working in the same job. The study to which she refers does not separate white women and does not examine occupations. While it is  the gender pay gap is worse generally for Black, Latina, Native and Asian American women, Duckworth made the same mistaken comparison about occupation. We rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.
Statement: Says Joe Biden owns a private island next to Jeffrey Epstein's.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 20, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says Biden owns a private island next to Epstein’s. There’s no public  that’s the case. The recorder of deeds for the U.S. Virgin Islands, which includes Esptein’s Little St. James, shows no results in its database for Joe Biden.  We rate this post !
Statement: Says Hawaii Gov. Neil Abercrombie made a late-night visit to Kinko's to forge President Barack Obama's birth certificate two days before Obama unveiled it to the media.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: April 1, 2012
Location: national
Topics: obama birth certificate
Context: e-mail messages circulating on the Internet
Fact-check justification: It seems silly that we have to put these claims to the -O-Meter, but given that the Hawaii Reporter received serious calls about it and that the chain email continues to circulate, we'll quickly set the meter on fire to shed a little light on the silliness. !
Statement: Says he never told anyone he hated the U.S. Senate.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: May 16, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;congress
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Rubio said he never told anyone he hated the U.S. Senate. Private conversations notwithstanding, we couldn’t find any  that he ever used the word "hate" (or any version of it) while discussing the Senate in a public forum. But it’s pretty clear Rubio harbored some disdain for the tedium of the political process, calling the Senate dysfunctional and votes meaningless. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate his statement  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/3e1ff830-5626-4757-8ba8-c647b39c3557
Statement: Milwaukee has less taxing power than most similar cities and is the only U.S. city of 400,000 or more "that does not have a sales tax or local income tax.
Speaker: tom barrett
About the speaker: Tom Barrett served as the 44th mayor of Milwaukee from 2004 until 2021. The mayoral position is non-partisan. A member of the Democratic Party, he was previously elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly (1984–1989), Wisconsin Senate (1989–1993) and U.S. House of Representatives (1993–2003).
Barrett lost bids for governor in 2002, 2010 and in the 2012 recall race against Gov. Scott Walker. He was sworn in as U.S. ambassador to Luxembourg on Dec. 23, 2021.
Date: September 15, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: taxes
Context: an appearance on WISN-TV's UpFront
Fact-check justification: Barrett said Milwaukee faces unusual taxing challenges and is "the only city in this country with a population of over 400,000 that does not have a sales tax or local income tax." Barrett is essentially on target with the general  that Milwaukee is in the minority nationally. Wisconsin is one of about a dozen states that authorizes cities to assess only property taxes — not sales or income taxes. But his core statistical  is . Several other cities larger than 400,000 do not impose their own sales or income tax. We define  this way: "The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context." That fits here.
Statement: Says the Atlanta mayor is "shutting the city down for" the NBA All-Star Game weekend.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 25, 2021
Location: georgia
Topics: government regulation;public health;sports;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: She said:  "Under normal circumstances, we would be extremely grateful for the opportunity to host the NBA All-Star game, but this is not a typical year. I have shared my concerns related to public health and safety with the NBA and Atlanta Hawks. We are in agreement that this is a made-for-TV event only, and people should not travel to Atlanta to party. There will be no NBA-sanctioned events open to the public and we strongly encourage promoters, clubs, bars, etc. not to host events in the city related to this game. "  We rate the Facebook post .
Statement: Georgia is one of three states that "effectively have no regulations whatsoever on lobbyists giving to legislators.
Speaker: josh mckoon
About the speaker: Josh McKoon, a Republican, is a Georgia state senator from Columbus.
Date: April 3, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: ethics
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: In South Dakota, the code section on lobbyists mentions nothing about gift limits for lobbyists. The NCSL lists South Dakota as having "no restrictions." We found no discrepancies in the NCSL’s research. The current laws in Georgia, Indiana and South Dakota afford lobbyists freedom to give state lawmakers as much as they want. We rate McKoon’s  as .
Statement: Clayton County has employed 1,300 people over the past seven months through the Neighborhood Stabilization Program.
Speaker: mickie williams
Date: September 7, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;housing
Context: a presentation
Fact-check justification: But, as Emrath and others said, it would be easier to examine the numbers if Clayton had a breakdown of how much work each person hired performed for the county. People who work independently to buy, fix up and resell homes offer similar estimates to Clayton concerning the number of people they've hired to do such work. Clayton County's initial statement appears accurate. But it's based on estimates that can't be confirmed, and for that reason, we believe it needs more context. We rate the NSP estimate as .
Statement: Caravan Violence: Invaders Shoot At Police, Set Fire To Immigration Checkpoint
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 31, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: The Conservative Daily Post reported, "Caravan Violence: Invaders Shoot At Police, Set Fire To Immigration Checkpoint." Combined with the photograph of a U.S. border patrol facility, it gives the  impression that the fire and shooting involved U.S. officials and an American facility. The  shows it did not. The fire was in southern Mexico, it was reportedly caused by men who had left the caravan and were returning south, but were detained by Mexican officials. There were no "invaders" (meaning more than one person) shooting at police, unless it took both of the arrested males to fire the same gun. If they were part of the caravan, it's not clear why someone would shoot at police guarding them. And the incident occurred in Mexico far from the U.S. border. Because the statement contains elements of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it .
Statement: Gun violence is by far the leading cause of death for young African American men, outstripping the next nine causes of death combined.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: February 17, 2016
Location: national
Topics: race and ethnicity;guns
Context: a speech posted on Medium
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "Gun violence is by far the leading cause of death for young African-American men, outstripping the next nine causes of death combined." As long as you define "young" as being between the ages of 15 and 24, Clinton’s statement is accurate, according to CDC data. We rate the statement .
Statement: The three wealthiest people" own "more wealth than the bottom half of the American people.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: July 14, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: corporations;poverty;wealth
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: "The meaningful thing to say," Saez told us, "is the bottom half of the U.S. families owns essentially no wealth on net, because debts cancel out whatever small assets they may have, on average." Our rating Sanders says: "The three wealthiest people" own "more wealth than the bottom half of the American people." The wealth of Gates, Bezos and Buffett exceeded that of the 160 million at the bottom of the scale, according to a 2017 study. And more recent estimates indicate the wealth of the three has since grown dramatically, widening the gap even more. We rate Sanders’ statement .
Statement: Under changes being debated, state employees in Wisconsin "who earn $30,000, $40,000, $50,000 a year might have 20 percent of their income just disappear overnight.
Speaker: ed schultz
About the speaker: Ed Schultz is the host of the Ed Show on MSNBC.
Date: February 15, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;pundits;state budget
Context: a statement on his television talk show
Fact-check justification: The sources we consulted indicate the range is 6.8 percent to 11 percent. Even if the higher payments comprise 20 percent of the income of some employees, there’s no indication it will be that high on a wide scale, particularly for state workers earning as much as $50,000 per year. If Schultz can provide  of a large-scale 20 percent impact, we’ll review this item. But this is our rating: . (Editor’s note: On March 4, 2011, this item was changed to fix an error in the percentage of employee salary that goes toward paying for pensions and health insurance for a hypothetical employee at UW-Eau Claire.)
Statement: Video shows Donald Trump at an Alabama rally on July 13, 2022.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 13, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) The footage is authentic, but the timestamp isn’t. A simple search for Trump and Cullman, Alabama, reveals that the rally was held a year ago, on Aug. 21, 2021. He talked about President Joe Biden and Afghanistan and recommended that his supporters get a COVID-19 vaccine, a suggestion that was met with boos. We rate claims that this footage is from 2022 .