chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Myrtle Beach man who shot at Hurricane Florence dies after bullet ricochets." ​
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 13, 2018
Topics: weather;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: This isn’t the first time Facebookers have somewhat jokingly declared they’d shoot at an incoming storm. The joke Facebook event is similar to one that popped up last year: " Shoot At Hurricane Irma. " The creator was a bored 22-year-old who said at the time that the joke became "something a little out of my control" after more than 43,000 people RSVPed. While the Facebook event "Shooting guns at Hurricane Florence to scare it away" has generated its fair share of interested attendees, there is no credible  that anyone died trying to square off against the hurricane. We rate this  .
Statement: During a town hall meeting on health care, "ABC didn't even allow ads that opposed the president's health care plan to be aired.
Speaker: lamar smith
About the speaker: Lamar Smith is a Republican congressman from a San Antonio-based district in Texas. He became chairman of the House Judiciary Committee in January 2011.
Date: June 24, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: The congressman is right, though. He said, "ABC didn't even allow ads that opposed the president's health care plan to be aired." Groups who opposed Obama's plan tried to buy advertising during his town hall meeting and were turned down. Even ABC said that was the case. We rate Smith's statement .
Statement: Republican leadership took the lead confirming Loretta Lynch as attorney general.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: October 18, 2015
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: an interview on NBC's 'Meet the Press'
Fact-check justification: Cruz said the Senate’s "Republican leadership took the lead confirming Loretta Lynch as attorney general." As the leadership of the majority party in the Senate, McConnell and his lieutenants had the obligation of having the chamber hold a vote on Lynch’s nomination, and McConnell, along with several other Republicans, did personally vote for Lynch’s confirmation. However, Cruz’s  glosses over the fact that Democrats were the driving force in pushing for a confirmation vote, and that McConnell delayed the nomination for longer than any similar nominee in recent history. This contrasts sharply with the impression Cruz leaves -- that GOP leaders were gung-ho about getting Lynch into office expeditiously. The  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it . UPDATE, Oct. 19, 2015: After we published this story, Cruz’s staff responded to our inquiry. Their comments have been incorporated into the article.
Statement: If we had the same staffing ratio (of officers to residents) as Seattle, we'd have 300 more officers in our department.
Speaker: michael reese
About the speaker: Michael Reese is the police chief of the city of Portland.
Date: April 15, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: public safety
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Even if you control for the number of people in the surrounding metro area, we seem to be lagging pretty considerably. We rate this  .    *CORRECTION : An earlier version of this article misstated the population of the Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue metro-area population. The 2010 Census estimates the population to be more than 3,400,000.
Statement: Big-box stores are refunding and crediting customers for fraud and discrimination.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 18, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In the post about the alleged Target refund, clicking "Apply Here" in the post leads to a website that uses Target’s logo but has an unaffiliated url: giftcardsgalore.site.   There’s no mention of the supposed fraud here — just an opportunity for "10 random users" to "receive a fantastic prize." (A $500 Target gift card.)   But Target, Walmart and others caution customers to not buy, sell or check their gift card balances outside of Target’s website. We rate claims that Target and other stores are refunding, crediting or gifting customers through these Facebook posts .
Statement: During the Strickland-Cordray era, taxes were raised by $800 million and Ohio lost 400,000 jobs.
Speaker: mike dewine
About the speaker: Mike DeWine, the Ohio attorney general, won the Republican primary for governor in May 2018 and is running in the general election in November. Previously he was one of Ohio's U.S. senator's, lieutenant governor and a member of the General Assembly.
Date: October 20, 2018
Location: ohio
Topics: jobs;state budget;taxes
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: DeWine said, "During the Strickland-Cordray era taxes were raised by $800 million and Ohio lost 400,000 jobs." This is a case of misplaced blame. The ad tries to scare voters into portraying Cordray as a tax hiker responsible for job losses when in fact there is no  he deserves any blame. Then-Gov. Strickland delayed the fifth year of an income tax cut to fill a budget hole in 2009, but as attorney general Cordray had no role in that decision. Ohio did lose those jobs, but the national recession was to blame -- not anything done by Cordray as treasurer or attorney general. We rate this statement .
Statement: Since 2010, student debt has increased by 102% and real wages have fallen by over 8%.
Speaker: tom nelson
About the speaker: In 2022, Outagamie County Executive Tom Nelson is a Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate. He was the Democratic nominee running in 2016 for the U.S. House seat held by Republican Reid Ribble. He has served as the Outagamie County executive since 2011. In 2010, Nelson won the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor but lost in the general election. Nelson served in the Wisconsin Assembly from 2004 to 2010, and the last two years was the Assembly majority leader.
Date: April 11, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: debt;economy;education;income
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: In a since-deleted tweet, Nelson said "since 2010, student debt has increased by 102% and real wages have fallen by over 8%." Student loan debt has increased astronomically during that time period, so Nelson was on the mark there. But weekly earnings for employees have not fallen — they have  gone up roughly 11% since 2010, when adjusted for inflation.  A statement is  when it is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. That fits here.
Statement: The richest 1 percent have more financial wealth than the bottom 95 percent combined.
Speaker: michael moore
About the speaker: Michael Moore directed the movie "Capitalism: A Love Story" and is a well-known documentary filmmaker. His movies includes "Roger and Me," "Bowling for Columbine," "Fahrenheit 9/11," and "Sicko." He won the Academy Award for best documentary in 2002 with "Bowling for Columbine," and he was a nominee in 2007 for "Sicko." Michael Moore's Web site is www.MichaelMoore.com.
Date: September 29, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;poverty;workers
Context: Washington, D.C
Fact-check justification: (The new version of Forbes' list, released on Oct. 1, 2009, found that the collective worth of the 400 richest families fell $300 billion compared to the previous year; if the wealth of slightly less rich households also decreased, that could change the numbers.) So let's recap. Moore correctly cited the Citigroup memo's contents, and on the larger question, he's correct that the richest 1 percent of Americans own a vastly disproportionate share of the nation's wealth. But we'll take him down a notch because, using another methodology, his statement would not be correct. So we rate his  .
Statement: Eighty-five percent of Floridians who will benefit from expanding Medicaid are "single, childless adults.
Speaker: will weatherford
About the speaker: State Rep. Will Weatherford, R-Wesley Chapel, is Florida's Speaker of the House for 2013-14.
Date: March 8, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: health care;medicaid
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Weatherford, however, erred additionally by referring to only "single" adults. No one measures that. Weatherford is off on his number and his characterization. Yet, the statement contains an element of  in that Medicaid is expected to benefit childless adults more than any other population. We rate his  .
Statement: Barack Obama's health care plan "would leave 15-million Americans out.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: November 15, 2007
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Las Vegas, Nev.
Fact-check justification: Realistically, though, the  is an educated guess. Given that 47-million people are uninsured now, 15-million uninsured after Obama's plan doesn't seem unreasonable, according to several experts — it would mean that Obama succeeded in covering almost 70 percent of those currently uninsured. But neither Clinton nor Obama offer hard numbers on what income levels would qualify for what programs. Given the limited data, other experts question the hard number. It's a tough call, but because of the disagreements here, we find her  to be based on too many hypotheticals to rate more than a .
Statement: Alex Sink was "the first official who said that BP should pay $25 million for an ad campaign to promote Florida tourism.
Speaker: james carville
About the speaker: James Carville is a Democratic political consultant and political commentator.
Date: June 8, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: oil spill
Context: a fundraising letter
Fact-check justification: Sink's campaign did not provide any documentation that she specifically asked for $25 million, either, but we think the more interesting point is whether she was the "first official" to say BP should give the state money for a tourism ad campaign. We find  that other state officials spoke up earlier than Sink, though she was the first statewide elected official to raise the issue. Carville's letter is unspecific on this point, so we have to consider what a reasonable person would think. And by the accounts of Visit Florida, we find others spoke up sooner. We rule this .
Statement: The vast majority of our international commitments take effect without congressional approval.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: March 9, 2015
Location: national
Topics: congress;foreign policy
Context: a statement released to the media
Fact-check justification: Biden said "the vast majority of our international commitments take effect without congressional approval." When looking at binding agreements -- the only types of agreements for which we have good data -- Biden is likely off base. While it’s  that formal treaties represent a small minority of all binding international agreements, most of the other types of non-treaty, binding agreements do have some congressional input, even if it’s less than treaties have. Biden may be on safer ground once you add in non-binding agreements. However, Biden’s office did not provide statistics to back up this , and independent experts said they aren’t aware that such a tally exists. So the  that agreements negotiated without congressional input represent "the vast majority of our international commitments" is essentially informed speculation. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Unemployment is low because everyone has two jobs. Unemployment is low because people are working 60, 70, 80 hours a week and can barely feed their family.
Speaker: alexandria ocasio-cortez
About the speaker: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, a Democrat, was elected to New York's 14th Congressional district seat in November 2018.
Date: July 13, 2018
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an interview on PBS' "Firing Line"
Fact-check justification: Ocasio-Cortez said, "Unemployment is low because everyone has two jobs. Unemployment is low because people are working 60, 70, 80 hours a week and can  feed their family." Even taking into account rhetorical excess, her statement is off in multiple ways. Fewer than one in 20 employed Americans holds a second job of any type, and the people who might be working as much as 70 or 80 hours a week represent a tiny fraction of that tiny fraction. The rates for either statistic are not high by historical standards. In any case, the BLS does not use either of those factors in determining the official unemployment rate. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Tommy Tuberville "is for privatizing Social Security and cutting Medicare.
Speaker: doug jones
About the speaker: Doug Jones is the Democratic nominee in the U.S. Senate special election in Alabama.
Date: August 6, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The Jones campaign said Tuberville supports privatizing Social Security and cutting Medicare. At the time of the ad, Tuberville had said he was interested in allowing people to direct their Social Security payments into a 401(k)-type account, which matches some definitions of privatization. The Tuberville campaign says now that he is not interested in the 401(k) option, but that was not public knowledge at the time of the Jones campaign ad. Early on, Tuberville spoke generically about favoring cuts in entitlements, but he did not mention Medicare. He told voters at a campaign stop in February that he opposed cuts in Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid. There’s some support for the ad’s  about Social Security given his initial comments. But the ad is  about his views on Medicare. We rate this  .
Statement: The children coming across the southern U.S. border "were never examined after they got here and quarantined if they had a disease. They were just sent out across the country. Many of them had measles ... We now have an outbreak of it all because of our immigration policy.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: February 3, 2015
Topics: immigration;public health;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of the "Rush Limbaugh Show"
Fact-check justification: Limbaugh pinned the current measles outbreak on the Central American children who flooded the southern border in 2014. Limbaugh said they were never examined and that many had measles. Limbaugh provided no  that this is . Probably, because no  exists. The children who came in from Central America were examined and vaccinated as part of a standard routine. There is no data that links this or any other outbreak of measles to those immigrants, who are vaccinated at about the same rate as Americans. This  lacks any basis in fact.  We rate it .
Statement: In 2017, West Virginia's $43,469 median household income was $16,867 below the national average, ranking 50th.
Speaker: mike romano
About the speaker: Mike Romano is a Democratic state senator in West Virginia.
Date: November 8, 2018
Location: west virginia
Topics: economy;income
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Romano wrote, "In 2017, West Virginia’s $43,469 median household income was $16,867 below the national average, ranking 50th according to the U.S. Census Bureau." His statement is fully correct -- on West Virginia’s median household income, on its distance from the national average, and in its 50th place ranking. We rate the statement .
Statement: Luana Stoltenberg "originally LOST her race for Iowa State House when Machines declared the Democrat the Winner.
Speaker: kari lake
About the speaker: Kari Lake, a former anchor for Fox 10 News in Phoenix, was the Republican nominee for governor of Arizona in 2022. She lost the general election to Katie Hobbs.
Date: December 10, 2022
Location: iowa
Topics: arizona
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Lake claimed in a tweet that voting machines erroneously gave a Democrat the win in the House District 81 race before a hand count overturned the result. However, a county canvass, not machines, declared Democrat Craig Cooper the winner, plus, Stoltenberg initially had been declared a winner after an election night count by machines.  Election results are not final until certified by the Iowa State Board of Canvassers. Before that certification, though, a three-member panel selected a paper audit over the machine count and declared Stoltenberg the winner. Lake’s  leaves out important context from a line of events outlined in election law. We rate this statement as .
Statement: Social Security is a Ponzi scheme.
Speaker: john loughlin
About the speaker: John Loughlin is state representative from Tiverton who ran an unsuccessful 2010 campaign for Congress in Rhode Island's 1st District. He owns a television, radio and film production company and served 26 years in the military, retiring as a lieutenant colonel in the Army Reserve in 2006. He is married with two daughters.
Date: February 24, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: social security
Context: a meet-the-candidates forum
Fact-check justification: Without that key element of deceit, we find it hard to find Loughlin's analogy -- or that of anyone who uses it -- credible. But there's one more thing. Loughlin doesn't just compare Social Security to the Ponzi scheme concept, he takes it a step further and draws a parallel with the specific case of Madoff, who is believed to have run the largest fraud of this kind in history. Publicly measuring a 75-year-old U.S. government program against such a massive crime is not only overstating the issue, it's bordering on irresponsible. .
Statement: Says Tammy Baldwin "wants to require children starting at age 5 to learn about gay sex!
Speaker: restore american freedom and liberty
About the speaker: Denver-based Restore American Freedom and Liberty is a “hybrid” political action committee that is not affiliated with a candidate and can operate as a traditional PAC, contributing funds to a candidate's committee, and as a super PAC, which makes independent expenditures.
 
Date: February 16, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;education;government regulation;lgbtq;sexuality
Context: a fundraising email
Fact-check justification: Our rating Restore American Freedom and Liberty says Baldwin "wants to require children starting at age 5 to learn about gay sex!" The group did not reply to our requests for information that would back the statement. And we could not find any  that Baldwin supports such a requirement. If information surfaces that was available when the group made its  and it is relevant, we could reconsider this fact check. But in the meantime, we rate the statement .
Statement: Says Sen. John McCain "told dreamers that he'll support the Dream Act, then he voted against it.
Speaker: ann kirkpatrick
About the speaker: Ann Kirkpatrick is a Democratic U.S. representative from Arizona’s 1st congressional district. She served one term, from 2009 to 2011, and was defeated for re-election by Republican Paul Gosar, before being elected again in 2013. 
Date: May 8, 2016
Location: arizona
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview with MSNBC's Al Sharpton
Fact-check justification: Kirkpatrick said, "McCain told dreamers that he’ll support the Dream Act, then he voted against it.’" Her statement leaves out important context. McCain’s views has shifted on the Dream Act, but his waning support hasn’t been the complete flip-flop Kirkpatrick makes it out to be. He did vote against the 2010 Dream Act, years after introducing similar measures in the Senate. But he supported the Dream Act in some form after the vote. He voted yes on the 2013 comprehensive immigration legislation that included pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants brought here as children from other countries. McCain made border security the priority before getting a Dream Act. On balance, we rate Kirkpatrick’s  as . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/17c3bb15-cc01-4495-acb5-16e93f457f77
Statement: The U.S. military seized servers in Germany tied to Dominion Election Systems.
Speaker: youtube videos
About the speaker: Videos uploaded to YouTube.
Date: November 14, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: Social media users are sharing articles and videos claiming that the U.S. military seized Scytl servers in Germany and that the company has ties to Dominion Voting Systems. The Army and Scytl said the  is , and the company has no offices in Germany or connection to Dominion.  We rate this ! This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here for more.
Statement: Under the Arizona immigration law, police are required to check immigration status if someone's "lawn is overgrown" or if a dog is "barking too loudly.
Speaker: kyrsten sinema
About the speaker: Kyrsten Sinema is a senator from Arizona. She was formerly a state representative.
Date: April 30, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;legal issues
Context: an interview on MSNBC's 'Countdown with Keith Olbermann'
Fact-check justification: The law has a few more hurdles than that. It says that "a reasonable attempt shall be made, when practicable, to determine the immigration status of the person, except if the determination may hinder or obstruct an investigation." And of course, there's no way of knowing yet whether law enforcement officers will actually use the full extent of their powers. Still, she's correct that relatively minor violations could open the door to immigration questioning. So we rate her  .