chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says "when I voted against [an increase in the minimum wage], it was in the 80s.
Speaker: joseph kyrillos
About the speaker: Joseph Kyrillos, Jr. is a Republican state senator representing part of Monmouth County. The former chairman of the New Jersey Republican State Committee, Kyrillos is running in the November 2012 general election for the U.S. Senate seat currently held by Democrat Robert Menendez.
Date: October 10, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: candidate biography;income;voting record
Context: a debate on New Jersey 101.5-FM
Fact-check justification: Kyrillos said, "when I voted against [an increase in the minimum wage], it was in the 80s." Actually the state senator and Republican U.S. Senate hopeful voted against a bill in 2005 that eventually increased the minimum wage to $7.15 per hour. We rate this statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: When Obama went to Pakistan in 1981, he could not have been traveling as a U.S. citizen.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: June 28, 2010
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;obama birth certificate
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: Our good friends at Snopes and Factcheck.org found a travel article about visiting Pakistan published in the New York Times in June 1981, and it mentions nothing about such travel being illegal. An August 1981 letter to the editor in the New York Times by the U.S. Consul General in Lahore, Pakistan, encouraged people to come visit. We also found an ad in the New York Times from March which listed Karachi and Lahore as two destinations in their travel package. In 1981, travel to Pakistan was not illegal or prohibited. Somebody was just looking for an excuse to promote the birther conspiracy, so we rate it .
Statement: Map shows states where "all of the children… are back to living mask-free, normal lives.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 14, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Nationally, about 28% of children ages 5 to 11 had received one dose of COVID-19 vaccine as of Jan. 18, according to Kaiser Family Foundation . An Instagram post says, "All of the children in the green states are back to living mask-free, normal lives," and shows a map of the U.S. with the majority of states marked in green. Though the majority of states do not have statewide school mask mandates, individual school districts still have mandates. And many school districts also have quarantine requirements for students who are close contacts of those who test positive for COVID-19, which disrupts normal schooling. We rate this  .
Statement: Just last year we gave the military a $700 billion budget increase, which they didn't even ask for.
Speaker: alexandria ocasio-cortez
About the speaker: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, a Democrat, was elected to New York's 14th Congressional district seat in November 2018.
Date: July 26, 2018
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: an interview on the Daily Show
Fact-check justification: Ocasio-Cortez said, "Just last year we gave the military a $700 billion dollar budget increase, which they didn’t even ask for." That’s the total defense budget for 2018, which marks an increase in $61 billion from 2017. (Her campaign acknowledged this point.) It is more than the Defense Department settled in negotiations for Trump’s budget request ($668 billion), but exactly what they requested in their annual wishlist to Congress. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Rick Santorum "voted to let convicted felons vote.
Speaker: restore our future
About the speaker: Restore Our Future is a super PAC run by supporters of Mitt Romney.
Date: January 13, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: criminal justice;elections;crime;message machine 2012
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Here, we’re fact-checking the original television ad from the super PAC Restore our Future, which claimed Santorum "voted to let convicted felons vote." Santorum argued during the debate that the ad is particularly  because the ad’s visual -- a jump-suited prisoner wearing an "I voted" button -- could give people the impression that Santorum supported allowing people in prison to vote, which he does not. When we saw the ad, we were already familiar with efforts in various states to restore voting rights to felons who have completed their sentences, so we didn’t think that it meant that Santorum wanted to allow current prisoners to vote. Still, we can understand that people who haven’t followed this issue before might be confused into thinking Santorum supported allowing incarcerated prisoners to vote. Santorum’s vote was actually to restore voting rights for felons who had completed their sentences and probation. The ad muddies that point, so we rate the its  .
Statement: Donald Trump has "described Hillary Clinton as one of the best secretaries of state in history.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: February 28, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;foreign policy
Context: on CNN's "State of the Union."
Fact-check justification: Cruz said Trump has "described Hillary Clinton as one of the best secretaries of state in history." To the contrary, Trump last year called Clinton the worst secretary of state in history and we didn't find any instance of Trump calling Clinton one of the best ever. Still, Trump previously said he liked Clinton and even that she was doing a good job as secretary -- while, in the 2013 NBC News interview, he said: "And how did she do as secretary of state, probably above and beyond everybody else and everything else." We see ambiguity in this phrasing, which could be taken as high praise or, more logically, as a clumsy rehash of Trump’s repeatedly expressed prediction in the interview that Clinton’s record would be a target of scrutiny. On balance, we rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says caravans of people are coming to cross the Mexico-U.S. border.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 1, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: President Trump tweeted that caravans of immigrants are coming to the Mexico-U.S. border. We confirmed that a caravan of 1,200 to 1,500 people from Central America--not caravans--was in southern Mexico, about 900 miles from the Rio Grande, when Trump tweeted. Also, accounts vary on whether all participants are bound to enter the U.S. An organizer estimated that most of the people intend to remain in Mexico. On balance, we rate this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says a Washington Post headline and graphic about COVID-19 deaths are misleading.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 8, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post accused the Washington Post of  readers with a headline showing that the omicron variant of COVID-19 has pushed deaths in the U.S. to their highest numbers in a year and that the elderly and unvaccinated have been hit hardest. It juxtaposed the headline with a graphic from the article that showed the percentage of deaths by age group, indicating that the omicron variant has hit people over 75 particularly hard in recent months.  Data from Johns Hopkins University — which the Post used — as well as CDC totals show that deaths had risen recently to their highest numbers since last spring. While data on deaths by vaccination status aren’t yet available after Dec. 4, the Post spoke with doctors and public health officials who noted a higher death rate among unvaccinated Americans.  The Post’s article was neither  or misinformation, but this Facebook post was. We rate this  .
Statement: President Obama has no plan to reduce the deficit, let alone pay down the debt.
Speaker: connie mack
About the speaker: Connie Mack was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in November 2004. Mack, of Fort Myers, lost a U.S. Senate race to Sen. Bill Nelson in 2012. He served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2003.
Date: September 6, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: debt;deficit;federal budget
Context: 'The Hill'
Fact-check justification: Mack said that "President Obama has no plan to reduce the deficit, let alone pay down the debt." Obama has presented a plan that reduces the deficit. Analysts have debated whether it goes far enough. But it is a plan. However, while the plan reduces deficits, it doesn’t eliminate them. And that means the sheer amount of the debt continues to grow. Obama’s defenders would say that his plan stabilizes the debt and makes the debt smaller in comparison with the size of the overall economy. But this is not the same thing as reducing the debt itself.   So Mack has a point that Obama’s plan doesn’t reduce the debt in dollars. He’s  that Obama has no plan to reduce the deficit. We rate this  .
Statement: Says COVID-19 remains in the air for eight hours and that everyone is now required to wear masks "everywhere.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 28, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says the virus that causes COVID-19 remains in the air for eight hours, and everyone is now required to wear masks. This is . There is no current  that the virus can remain in the air for eight hours. While the CDC is exploring its position on whether masks should be worn more widely in the general population, it doesn’t "require" everyone to wear masks "everywhere." As more studies are done on how the virus persists in various environments, there may be extra precautions put in place, especially for health care professionals treating COVID-19 patients. There is still not enough known to say definitively how this new virus behaves in every setting. Preliminary studies suggest the virus may be more "airborne" than initially believed. But the term "airborne" should not be applied loosely as current research doesn’t indicate that COVID-19 is comparable to highly transmissible airborne illnesses like measles. Experts say the biggest threat of transmission is close contact with an infected person. The post makes unsubstantiated claims and twists facts to give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says Secretary of State Rex Tillerson got a "government service golden parachute" payment of $180 million "from Exxon Mobil that he would have to forfeit had he taken a job elsewhere.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: January 31, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: corporations;income;foreign policy;wealth
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our rating Baldwin says Tillerson got a "government service golden parachute" payment of $180 million "from Exxon Mobil that he would have to forfeit had he taken a job elsewhere."    The amount is correct and the company did opt to "cash out" Tillerson because he would be becoming secretary of state. But on Baldwin's larger point, it’s an earned retirement benefit, not newly added compensation and not something created simply because Tillerson took a government post. He would almost certainly have been in line to receive it even if he had taken a different job, as long as it wasn’t with an Exxon Mobil competitor. For a statement that has an element of  but leaves out critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is .
Statement: Welfare programs caused more long-term damage to Detroit than the atomic bomb caused to Hiroshima
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: February 17, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;poverty;urban
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: A  comparison that’s really in bad taste. In fact, it’s outrageous." We agree. The Hiroshima-Detroit email utilizes a gallery of dramatic photos that attempt to distort history -- in two countries. The conclusion is , the definition of .
Statement: Says "Essex County residents suffer the second highest property taxes in the nation.
Speaker: joseph chiusolo
About the speaker: Joseph Chiusolo is a Republican candidate for Essex County Freeholder. Chiusolo currently serves as deputy mayor in Cedar Grove.
Date: October 25, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: In a press release, Chiusolo claimed "Essex County residents suffer the second highest property taxes in the nation." That’s  if you’re looking at property taxes as a percentage of the median household income. But Essex County’s property taxes rank sixth and 92nd according to two other measurements. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Sen. Clinton said "the surge of troops in Iraq was 'working.' Now.... Sen. Clinton says the surge 'has failed' and that we should 'begin the immediate withdrawal of U.S. troops.'
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: August 23, 2007
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: On Aug. 22, Clinton's Senate office issued a statement saying she hasn't changed her position: "The surge was designed to give the Iraqi government time to take steps to ensure a political solution to the situation. It has failed to do so…. It is abundantly clear that there is no military solution to the sectarian fighting in Iraq. We need to stop refereeing the war, and start getting out now." Indeed, Clinton introduced legislation in February in the Senate, S. 670, to withdraw troops from Iraq.
Statement: You must give EVERY PENNY" of the advance child tax credit payments back when you file your 2021 taxes.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: July 15, 2021
Topics: economy;taxes;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: A tweet said that "you must give EVERY PENNY" of the advance child tax credit payments back when you file your 2021 taxes. Because the IRS calculated eligibility for the payments based on a family’s 2020 tax return, it is possible that some families, such as those whose incomes dramatically increased in 2021 or parents who alternate claiming children as dependents, could have to pay some money back.  However, "must" communicates a sense of certainty that is at odds with the reality of the situation. And even families that end up having to pay back some of the child credit will not necessarily have to pay back "EVERY PENNY." Finally, the law includes protections in place to ensure the lowest-income families will not have to pay back erroneous payments.  We rate this  .
Statement: Transgender individuals in the U.S. have a 1-in-12 chance of being murdered.
Speaker: garnet coleman
About the speaker: Coleman, initially elected to the Texas House in 1991, formerly chairs the Texas House Committee on County Affairs. Coleman says in his online biography that he's one of the authors of the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) in Texas, a program that makes health insurance available to more than 500,000 children from working families. He said he also helped simplify access to Medicaid for more than 600,000 Texas children, and worked to secure an increase of $161.5 million for at-risk child care services.
Date: May 6, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;criminal justice;crime;sexuality
Context: a committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Coleman told colleagues: "Transgender individuals in the U.S. have a 1 in 12 chance of being murdered." We’re not judging here whether transgender individuals are at risk of attack. But we did not find  for this figure or even sufficient information to gauge if it was rooted in facts. All told, Coleman's  was both unsupported and implausible. !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. UPDATE, 12:30 p.m., April 25, 2016 : We revised this article after hearing from Kay Brown. The story now includes her analysis of how a 1-in-12 estimate came to be. These changes did not affect our rating of Coleman's .
Statement: The states have always defined marriage.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: December 13, 2015
Location: national
Topics: lgbtq;marriage
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Rubio said, "States have always defined marriage." Rubio has a point that states are generally in charge of administering marriage within their boundaries. However, his statement implies that state marriage regulations were untouched by the federal government up until the Supreme Court’s decision to legalize same-sex marriage, and that is not the case. There are numerous 20th century examples of the Supreme Court overturning state marriage regulations that it found to be unconstitutional, including the 1967 decision to invalidate laws banning interracial marriages. We rate Rubio’s  .
Statement: Ida was the strongest hurricane to ever strike anywhere in the United States.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 14, 2021
Topics: weather;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Case in point," she said, "Zeta last year was thought to have made landfall as a Category 2 hurricane. It wasn’t until months later, after looking over all the data, they revealed in the final report for Zeta that it actually reached major hurricane status hitting Louisiana as a Category 3."   But the argument that the current conclusions about Hurricane Ida are  because of a windshield crack doesn’t bear out. And there’s no  now to  that Ida is the strongest storm to ever hit the United States.   We rate these posts .
Statement: The wife of the Ferguson, Mo., police chief said African-Americans in Ferguson "are feral and violent.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: August 13, 2014
Topics: city government;criminal justice;families;human rights;crime;urban;punditfact
Context: posts on Twitter
Fact-check justification: A post from a group claiming that it is associated with Anonymous said that the wife of the Ferguson, Mo., police chief said African-Americans in Ferguson "are feral and violent," among other things. The tweet references a Facebook post that is not from Jackson’s wife. The woman in the picture lives in Florida not Missouri. We rate this  .
Statement: The vast majority of crime that is gun related is committed by people who illegally are possessing that firearm.
Speaker: john faso
About the speaker: John Faso is the Republican candidate in the 19th Congressional District. He is a former Republican leader in the New York State Assembly, and also ran for governor in New York in 2006.
Date: February 27, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: guns
Context: an interview on C-SPAN
Fact-check justification: Faso said "The vast majority of crime that is gun related is committed by people who illegally are possessing that firearm." People can differ on what constitutes a "vast majority." What's more, illegal gun crime is not well researched in the U.S. The latest data is more than a decade old. One analysis of the data showed Faso’s  is not  in some states while  in others. But experts say most gun crime is likely committed by those who illegally possess guns. His statement is accurate but needed additional information. We rate it  .
Statement: Says he did not support the October 2008 legislation to rescue Wall Street firms.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: September 16, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: federal budget;financial regulation;new hampshire 2012
Context: answer to questions
Fact-check justification: All in all, it's easy to see the rationale for charging Perry with being for the legislation. The Manchin-Perry letter urged action on the very day the Senate was poised to take up the bailout package.      Still, Perry is correct that the joint letter didn’t explicitly advocate the Senate plan. Also, his second Oct. 1, 2008, statement could be taken as a timely signal he didn’t want Congress to rescue Wall Street the way it did. We rate Perry’s  .