chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Marco Rubio's "income skyrocketed while his power increased.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: March 24, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a TV advertisement
Fact-check justification: That chart looks like this: Not huge differences, mind you, but differences. In his TV ad "We Thought He Was Different," Crist said Rubio's income skyrocketed and showed a red-line graphic that illustrates the dramatic increase. While his ad chose years that had a particularly steep increase, a broader range of years show much the same thing. In his eight years in the House, Rubio's income more than quadrupled. We rate Crist's  .
Statement: Says CNN reported Ben Carson was "taking a break from campaigning" and the Cruz campaign "forwarded that news to our volunteers.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: February 6, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: the New Hampshire GOP debate
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that it was CNN, not his campaign, that first reported that Carson "taking a break from campaigning," and his campaign forwarded that news to his supporters. Cruz's campaign took a nugget of information from CNN and took it too far. CNN reported that Carson was "to take a break after Iowa," while simultaneously noting that Carson would ultimately continue campaigning. The Cruz campaign sent messages on its app anyway, saying that Carson would "stop" his campaign. A key surrogate said that Carson was doing "the equivalent of suspending." That’s more than simply "forwarding" news. We rate Cruz’s  . Update: This item was updated to include a description of CNN's lower-third graphic.
Statement: According to the state of Florida, you are almost twice as likely to be attacked by an alligator than by someone who happens to carry a conceal-and-carry permit.
Speaker: florida students for concealed carry
About the speaker: Florida Students for Concealed Carry advocates for lawful concealed carry of firearms on college campuses by licensed, of-age individuals. Erek Culbreath is the president as of 2015.
Date: March 16, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: animals;corrections and updates;crime;guns
Context: Florida Senate higher education committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Culbreath said, "According to the state of Florida, you are almost twice as likely to get attacked by an alligator than by someone with a conceal-and-carry permit." We don't have data on attacks committed by people with conceal-and-carry permits. The gun data is based on an approximation using permit revocations that may or may not accurately reflect the number of "attacks." Also, the data is 10 years old.  That said, these statistics, imperfect as they are, do support the notion that both kinds of attacks are uncommon. Whether this is a valid argument in favor of the bill is in the eye of the beholder. We find the statement has an element of  but ignores other information that would give a different impression. So we rate it .
Statement: The Boston Marathon bombing "is the fifth case" in which U.S. government officials examined individuals potentially involved in terrorism "and felt they were no threat and they went on to carry out terrorist murders.
Speaker: peter king
About the speaker: Peter King is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives serving a district in New York. He is a senior member of the House Homeland Security Committee and the House Intelligence Committee.
Date: April 22, 2013
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: an interview with MSNBC
Fact-check justification: King said the Boston Marathon bombing "is the fifth case" in which U.S. government officials examined individuals potentially involved in terrorism "and felt they were no threat and they went on to carry out terrorist murders." It’s clear that there are at least four prior instances -- Anwar al-Awlaki, David Headley, Abdulhakim Muhammed and Nidal Hasan -- that fit the pattern of someone being on the government’s radar screen and later allegedly committing terrorist acts. But in at least one of these cases, and to a lesser extent two others, it’s not clear that the government determined that the individuals "were no threat" based on the initial round of scrutiny. On balance, we rate King’s statement .
Statement: Sherrod Brown and his special interest allies in Washington are plotting to spend over $13 million" to defeat Josh Mandel.
Speaker: ohio republican party
About the speaker: Statewide organization for Ohio's Republicans.
Date: July 10, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: campaign finance;elections
Context: an emailed statement
Fact-check justification: (To keep Redfern honest, we asked the Ohio Democratic Party for the funding sources Redfern was talking about. The list included the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, American Crossroads and other groups. Neither Mandel’s campaign nor the National Republican Senatorial Committee – the GOP equivalent of the DSCC – were on the list.) Those details are important to know to be able to put the Ohio Republican Party’s  in context. On the -O-Meter, the  rates .
Statement: Of all the money we spend on education, less than 32 percent goes to teachers.
Speaker: dan patrick
About the speaker: As a Houston state senator, Dan Patrick won election as lieutenant governor of Texas in November 2014 after earlier defeating incumbent David Dewhurst for his party's nomination. Patrick also has hosted a daily talk show on AM700 in Houston.
Date: July 13, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Patrick said: "Of all the money we spend on education, less than 32 percent goes to teachers." This percentage, we found, aligns with the simple comparison of total teacher salaries to all funds spent on public schools. But it’s worth clarifying that not all funds can be diverted to teacher salaries. You could also say that close to half of available school spending in 2015-16 went to teacher salaries. We rate the statement .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: We're now the No. 1 producer of oil in the world. We've surpassed Saudi Arabia.
Speaker: amy klobuchar
About the speaker: Amy Klobuchar is a senator from Minnesota. Klobuchar was elected as senator in 2006 and re-elected in 2012 and 2018. Klobuchar received a bachelor’s degree in political science from Yale University and a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School. In 2019, she announced she was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 2, 2020.
Date: January 4, 2015
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: comments on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Klobuchar said the United States is "now the No. 1 producer of oil in the world." The latest global oil production statistics back up Klobuchar’s . The United States has been the world’s largest oil producer since late 2012. We rate her statement . Help fund PolitiFact's Kickstarter to live fact-check the 2015 State of the Union and GOP response.
Statement: In 3 months, Melania took 21 trips to NY, to get her hair done, at taxpayer cost of $675,000 or $32,143/trip.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 8, 2020
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral Facebook post claimed that "Melania took 21 trips to NY, to get her hair done, at taxpayer cost of $675,000 or $32,143/trip" in a three month period.  Military flight records show that the first lady spent $675,000 on 21 trips between Washington,  Florida and New York. However, she frequently traveled to New York to take care of her son, Barron, not "to get her hair done." We rate this post . ​
Statement: Says Joe Biden talked about eating wooden corn dog sticks.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 17, 2020
Topics: candidate biography;food;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: He didn’t talk about corn dogs at all, nor "Bernie people" or even "centers," not counting a reference to the Centers for Disease Control.   The  Biden interview appears to be a joke . But like a game of telephone, not everyone is getting it.   "Dementia," wrote one person commenting on the Facebook post.   We rate it !
Statement: Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau pays mainstream media $600 million to report in favor of him.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 2, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "It’s a small tweak that distorts the video’s meaning without sophisticated editing," the CBC reported at the time, "but it’s effective because it plays on very real concerns and criticisms of the government’s so-called media bailout program." The Canadian government had then earmarked $600 million for tax credits and other incentives to help struggling news outlets, according to the CBC.   But Trudeau was making a joke during the dinner. He wasn’t claiming that he had bribed the media.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says Supreme Court candidate JoAnne Kloppenburg's record as a state Justice Department lawyer consists only of the prosecution of cases regarding regulation of docks.
Speaker: david prosser
About the speaker: David Prosser is a Wisconsin Supreme Court justice. He was appointed to the court in 1998 and was re-elected three years later to a full 10-term term. He previously spent 18 years in the state Assembly representing the Appleton area; for eight of those years he was the Republican leader.
Date: March 21, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment;candidate biography;legal issues
Context: statement during a candidate forum
Fact-check justification: That would be more believable if people treated it that way at the time and if it didn’t match up with one of the major lines of attack from Kloppenburg critics in the campaign. At PolitiFact, a statement is  if it is not accurate. It’s not accurate to say that Kloppenburg’s has only handled dock cases. That’s a   -- from a justice who has heard her argue a variety of cases before him on the state’s high court.  plus  equals .
Statement: Says Jeb Bush "significantly cut early voting prior to the 2008 presidential election.
Speaker: arthenia joyner
About the speaker: Arthenia Joyner is a Democratic state senator from Tampa. Previously she was a member of the Florida House of Representatives.
Date: July 30, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: a letter to Jeb Bush
Fact-check justification: Joyner said Bush "significantly cut early voting prior to the 2008 presidential election." Bush signed a 2005 bill limiting early voting to a maximum of eight hours per day, specifying the changes would take effect in 2006. That did scale back early voting hours in some counties quite a bit. But there’s no mention that Bush also signed the 2004 bill that established early voting in Florida in the first place, part of a post-2000 election overhaul. We also have to add that the GOP-led Legislature drafted both bills. Joyner’s statement is accurate but could use additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: The insurance risk corridors aren't going broke like Republicans predicted.
Speaker: james carville
About the speaker: James Carville is a Democratic political consultant and political commentator.
Date: April 13, 2014
Topics: health care;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Carville said that Republican fears of big payouts under the risk corridors have not come to pass. Carville was claiming victory before any numbers are in. We won’t know for sure whether government gained, lost or broke even with the risk corridors until 2014 is over. The CBO projections suggest little reason for concern. If they had gone the other way, that would undermine Carville’s case, but they are not the final proof. Carville’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate the  .
Statement: Most of the state budget isn't for state government doing things. ... 85 percent of the state budget is transferred to local communities for delivery of service.
Speaker: ron amstutz
About the speaker: State Rep. Ron Amstutz represents the 3rd House District, which includes all of Wayne County, Ohio. He has 30 years of service in both the Ohio Senate and the Ohio House.
Date: April 18, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: state budget
Context: a forum on the state budget
Fact-check justification: So Amstutz’ statement is essentially accurate. Also to be considered is the all-funds budget. The percentage of money that goes back to communities is smaller, about 67 percent, but it still matches the description of "most" that he used at the Ideastream forum. That’s a piece of additional information that provides full understanding. On the -O-Meter, Amstutz' statement rates as .
Statement: A judge's order means there's a "Constitution exemption zone" if you live "within 100 miles of the United States border.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 5, 2014
Location: national
Topics: immigration;civil rights;technology;privacy issues
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said a judge's order means there's a "Constitution exemption zone" if you live "within 100 miles of the United States border." There is a border search exception, which long predates the district court ruling, that allows officials at or near borders to search people and their possessions without obtaining warrants. Experts say that’s not an exception to the whole Fourth Amendment. It's certainly not an exemption to the entire Constitution, which covers a wide range of rights, like freedom of the press and freedom of religion. The post has an element of  but takes information out of context and requires a good deal of clarification. We rate this  .
Statement: Video shows Ukraine was "nuked.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 1, 2023
Topics: nuclear;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Neither the defense ministry nor Tass mentioned a nuclear strike. The Guardian says that "the size of the fire in Pavlohrad suggests Russia may have hit an important arms depot." The targeting of a facility holding ammunition or fuel could explain the secondary explosions in the video. But there’s no proof of a nuclear attack, which would have serious implications for the conflict. We rate the post .
Statement: Says the Obama administration plans to reduce the number of beds devoted to holding individuals violating immigration laws and to "release hundreds of dangerous criminals into our communities.
Speaker: michael mccaul
About the speaker: Michael McCaul was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004.
Date: June 5, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;criminal justice;crime
Context: U.S. House floor debate
Fact-check justification: McCaul said the Obama administration, seeking to reduce the number of detention beds, plans to "release hundreds of dangerous criminals into our communities." The administration has sought to shrink the number of beds devoted to holding individuals in detention, saying that would save money. If approved, this could lead to more individuals who face immigration proceedings not living behind bars. It also looks to us like the government is keeping its options open on releasing more immigration detainees if money runs tight. However, we did not confirm any related expected release of hundreds, or even a few, dangerous criminals. The February 2013 release of 2,200-plus individuals didn't include violent criminals, a top administrator testified. McCaul’s statement has an element of ; the administration's budget request. But there doesn't appear to be any plan to release dangerous criminals. We rate the  as .
Statement: Says Tennessee has some of the lowest beer excise tax rates in the country.
Speaker: the tax foundation
About the speaker: According to its website, the Tax Foundation is a non-profit begun in 1937 with a mission "to educate taxpayers about sound tax policy and the size of the tax burden borne by Americans at all levels of government. From its founding in 1937, the Tax Foundation has been grounded in the belief that the dissemination of basic information about government finance is the foundation of sound policy in a free society."
Date: March 5, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: alcohol;corrections and updates;taxes
Context: a map published on its blog
Fact-check justification: The Tax Foundation published beer excise tax figures that included local taxes for other states, but excluded Tennessee and Kentucky’s wholesale beer taxes. While the map is accurate that Tennessee has a flat per-barrel beer excise tax of $0.14 per gallon, excluding the statewide wholesale beer tax creates a  impression that Tennessee’s beer taxes are among the lowest in the nation. We rate the  .
Statement: Says it probably costs more than $300,000 to run for a seat on the Pedernales Electric Cooperative board of directors.
Speaker: troy fraser
About the speaker: Troy Fraser, a former Texas House member, was initially elected to the Texas Senate in 1996. He was chosen by colleagues as the Senate's president pro tempore for the 2011 legislative session.
Date: April 19, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: elections;energy
Context: a Texas Senate committee hearing
Fact-check justification: And the responses we got from most of last year’s candidates suggests there’s no basis for pegging the costs of such campaigns anywhere near $300,000, which is more than 60 times-- 60! --the most that anyone told us they spent. The statement is so , it smokes. .
Statement: Says Donald Trump funded a Veterans Day parade 26 years ago in New York City after the city refused to pay.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 9, 2020
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Before the event, the New York Times reported that Trump was given the honor of serving as grand marshal for the event in exchange for his contributions, and put the total cost of the parade at about $2.4 million. (McGowan told CNN in that same 2016 interview that Trump was never grand marshal because he’s not a veteran, but the Times reported that he was in a follow-up story published a day after the parade.)   Trump didn’t fund the entire event. And while the post seems to be  on the city’s involvement, it does appear that Trump’s contribution and efforts enabled the parade to go on as planned. We rate this .
Statement: A new poll shows 62 percent support the president's plan to reform health care. That means ... letting you choose between keeping the private insurance you have and a public health insurance plan.
Speaker: americans united for change
About the speaker: A liberal advocacy group, Americans United For Change states on its Web site that it was founded in 2005 to fend off President Bush's plan to privatize Social Security. In 2006, the organization "broadened its scope to build broad public and congressional support for action on a wide range of long-stalled policy issues."
Date: June 14, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an Internet ad
Fact-check justification: We find their statement . Update, June 22, 2009: We ruled this statement  because the ad distorted the results of the poll.   Several days after we published this item a New York Times/CBS News poll showed 72 percent support for a public option.   But we're not changing our ruling because the New York Times poll hasn't changed the circumstances our the original fact we checked: The ad distorted the facts about the poll that it referenced.
Statement: Mitt Romney received exactly zero votes in at least 12 Cuyahoga County precincts.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: November 11, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: elections
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: It may be surprising that no Romney votes were found in some precincts, Salling told us, "but it is a far reach to suggest  fraud as the explanation." The  that Mitt Romney received no votes in more than a dozen precincts in Cleveland may seem amazing. But voting history, registration, demographics and statistical analysis say it is both feasible and credible. The Board of Elections says it is actually understated. On the -O-Meter, the  rates as .
Statement: The GOP tax plan "Sabotages the health care of 13 MILLION Americans.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: November 27, 2017
Location: california
Topics: health care;taxes
Context: a tweet from her team's political account
Fact-check justification: Nancy Pelosi recently claimed  the GOP tax plan "Sabotages the health care of 13 MILLION Americans." She has a partial point: Senate Republicans have proposed eliminating the ACA’s requirement that all Americans have health insurance or pay a penalty. By getting rid of this, the CBO estimates 13 million fewer people would have insurance a decade from now. Many would voluntarily leave the individual health care marketplace, driving up premiums for those who remain, forcing some who want to keep their insurance to drop it. But like other top Democrats, Pelosi left out much of the story. "Sabotaged" just doesn’t fit for the two-thirds of those researchers say would leave voluntarily. PolitiFact New York and The Washington Post   examined similar claims and rated them the equivalent of . They were partially accurate but omitted key information. We agreed with their assessments. We also rate Pelosi’s  .   – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context.