chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: At this particular point in time, looking at the field, there's only one individual that's ever had the uniform of his country on—and that's me.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: February 27, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;military
Context: a web ad
Fact-check justification: In a web video, Perry said: "At this particular point in time, looking at the field, there’s only one individual that’s ever had the uniform of his country on—and that’s me." Perhaps Perry’s definition of the "field" leaves out possible aspirants who haven’t surged in early polls. We also can see Perry making a case for being the best-known possible Republican nominee with military experience. However, there are others who might bid—a sitting senator, another former governor, a former ambassador and a Democratic former senator—who also were in the military. On balance, we rate his absolute statement .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. UPDATE, 5:10 p.m., March 4, 2015: We updated this story by adding details of Graham's military service, drawing on information provided by his spokesman. Our rating of the  was not affected.
Statement: The "Buffett rule" "raises virtually no money, maybe a day and a half of our borrowing per year.
Speaker: barry hinckley
About the speaker: Barry Hinckley ran an unsuccessful race, as a Republican running, for the U.S. Senate in Rhode Island in 2012. A graduate of the University of Colorado, Boulder, he is the founder and former president of Bullhorn Software in Boston. He is also an aviator and has raced sailboats professionally.
Date: April 11, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: deficit;economy;federal budget;taxes
Context: a campaign event
Fact-check justification: Senate candidate Barry Hinckley says the Buffett rule would annually raise only "a day and a half" of what the federal government borrows every year. Our calculations yield a number closer to a day and a quarter, which would actually bolster Hinckley’s point that the tax plan raises "virtually no money." In relative terms, he may have a point, but $4.7 billion is not a small amount of money. (Rhode Island’s total budget is $7.7 billion.) Moreover, by another estimate, increasing taxes on the wealthy could raise $16 billion a year, or the equivalent of four days of the nation’s borrowing. Because of that issue and others related to calculating the national debt per day, Hinckley’s is not a perfect comparison. Because the statement needs clarification, we rate it . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Naomi Biden says Joe Biden died four years ago.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 7, 2022
Topics: corrections and updates;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: He also has three siblings : a sister, Valerie , and two brothers, James and Frank . James is seven years younger than the president, and Frank is 11 years younger. We rate claims that this is a video of Naomi Biden saying Joe Biden died and is being impersonated by his twin .  Correction, March 13, 2023:   President Joe Biden has three siblings, not four.  An earlier version of this fact-check had the  number.
Statement: David Hogg graduated from Redondo Shores High School in 2015.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 28, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact;guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: According to a tweet by Daniel Williams, a fellow student, Hogg moved to Florida their freshman year and has not transferred since. "He moved from California our freshman year and hasn't transferred since. I've worked with him in many tv production project and sorry @davidhogg111 but he isn't that great of an actor," Williams tweeted . We rate this statement !
Statement: Says New Jersey's job growth in May represents "25 percent of all the jobs created in the country.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: June 15, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs
Context: a video posted on YouTube
Fact-check justification: At his June 14 press conference, Christie claimed New Jersey’s over-the-month increase of 17,600 jobs in May represented "25 percent of all the jobs created in the country." The governor was comparing the state’s job growth to the national estimate of 69,000 net jobs created. But according to the bureau, state estimates and the national estimate are developed separately, making it  to compare the two. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says Virginia, Florida and Georgia are the three states that are the principal source for gun trafficking.
Speaker: jim moran
About the speaker: Rep. Jim Moran, D-8th, was first elected in 1990 to represent a district covering Falls Church, Alexandria, Arlington County and part of Fairfax County.
He serves on the Appropriations Committee and is the ranking member on the Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, as well as serving on the Defense Subcommittee.
Moran previously served as the mayor of Alexandria from 1985 to 1990.
Moran was born in Buffalo, N.Y. He graduated from College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Mass., in 1967, and received a master of public administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1970.
Date: February 27, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: crime;guns
Context: House debate
Fact-check justification: In 2006, Texas overtook Florida for the third spot, but Georgia held the top position throughout the four-year period. Adjusting for population, Virginia and Georgia still rank in the top 10 gun-exporting states, but Florida drops to No. 29. Moran’s statement is accurate but lacks that important detail. Ultimately, the data and experts tie the gun trafficking to states’ gun laws, and these three states have laws that are less restrictive than others surrounding them.    We rated Moran’s statement .
Statement: Since 2011, the gap in high school graduation rates between African-American students and all students has been cut in half, from 6.4 percent to 3.1 percent.
Speaker: phil berger
About the speaker: Phil Berger is a Republican from Eden and the president pro tempore of the North Carolina Senate.
Date: February 25, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: education
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Berger said, "Since 2011, the gap in high school graduation rates between African-American students and all students has been cut in half, from 6.4 percent to 3.1 percent." The most recent data from the state Department of Public Instruction shows these numbers to be spot-on. We rate this statement . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] .
Statement: Going to public financing really disadvantages Democrats because you're not able to raise funds between the day you win the primaries and the time you're officially nominated.
Speaker: bill richardson
About the speaker: Bill Richardson is the former governor of New Mexico, having served two terms in that position from 2003-2011. Richardson is also a former congressman, U.S. secretary of energy, and ambassador to the United Nations. He unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for president in 2008, and was President Barack Obama’s initial nominee for secretary of commerce in 2009.
Date: October 5, 2007
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: In August, McCain became the first presidential candidate to qualify for federal matching funds in the primaries, and he has indicated he might accept the money. Should McCain accept public financing and emerge as his party's presumptive nominee, he and Edwards would be in the same boat when it came to fundraising. The general point that Richardson makes is valid: a candidate's hands are tied by rules governing federal matching money — especially the state-specific spending limits that are based on voting age population instead of political reality. But he overstates the case that Edwards' campaign would be "really" hurt during the important months before the convention. We find his statement .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney's tax plans would "give an additional $250,000 tax cut to millionaires and billionaires" while raising taxes on the middle class.
Speaker: ted strickland
About the speaker: Ted Strickland was governor of Ohio from 2007 through 2010. He lost his bid for re-election in 2010 to Republican John Kasich.
Date: August 27, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: taxes
Context: a campaign speech
Fact-check justification: As long as the details of the Romney plan remain unknown, the conclusions can't be definite. But the part of Strickland's statement about millionaires represents tax cuts they would get without accounting for tax deductions and write-offs that could be reduced or eliminated. His statement about the middle class -- who stand to lose more from changes to those deductions than they'd gain by the tax cuts -- includes them. Those are important details that put the  in proper context. On the -O-Meter, Strickland’s  rates .
Statement: We will spend $100 billion in Afghanistan this year, fixing roads, building bridges, training police officers, and more, [and] cutting the same things in our own country.
Speaker: david cicilline
About the speaker: David Cicilline was elected to the 1st Congressional District in 2010. Before that, he was mayor of Providence, beginning in January, 2003. A Brown University graduate, he received his law degree from Georgetown University Law Center.
Date: August 28, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: afghanistan;deficit;federal budget;infrastructure;military
Context: a TV debate
Fact-check justification: The stress of debates can prompt a candidate to misspeak and mumble at times, especially when it becomes a slugfest of accusations like last week’s first televised Cicilline-Gemma get-together. But we believe anyone who watched the debate last week would have had the impression that Cicilline wasn’t talking about the cost of tanks and soldiers and running a war when he raised the $100 billion figure. He was talking specifically about redirecting money now spent on Afghanistan’s infrastructure and using it on things we’re cutting  "in our own country" -- our own crumbling roads and bridges. But we are spending about $15 billion this year for that kind of non-military aid, not $100 billion. Therefore we rate his statement:
Statement: Texas would have to increase current state spending by 28 percent just to reach the national average for spending per resident.
Speaker: scott mccown
About the speaker: F. Scott McCown, a former Travis County state district judge, once presided over the landmark legal battle over school funding equity. He has led the Austin-based Center on Public Policy Priorities since 2002.
Date: February 1, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: state budget
Context: a letter
Fact-check justification: But when we ran this past Mark Robyn, the foundation’s staff economist, he cautioned that the 2007 chart is outdated. More recently, a 2009 report by the Kaiser Family Foundation shows Texas with state spending of $3,630 per person compared to the national average of $5,038--an indication that Texas would have had to increase its spending 39 percent that year to reach the national average. A footnote to the foundation’s research posted online says the spending figures were obtained from the National Association of State Budget Officers. DeLuna of the Austin center said the NASBO total doesn’t take into account some Texas spending that the census bureau counted, such as extra money for state universities and Food Stamp benefits. We rate McCown’s statement .
Statement: Since taking office, Hochul has passed more than 400 new bills
Speaker: kathy hochul
About the speaker: Kathy Hochul, a Democrat, is the governor of New York state. She is a former member of Congress.
Date: April 19, 2022
Location: new york
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: But the language is plausible, because they became law after she signed them. ( Under certain circumstances , bills that have been passed by the legislature can become law even without the governor’s signature.)   Our ruling  Hochul said that she passed more than 400 bills since taking office.   According to a database of legislation, she signed 585 bills since taking office in late August and mid-April.   We rate this  .
Statement: When I was born, defense spending was 60 percent of the budget. It's now 17 percent.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: February 22, 2012
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: Mesa, Ariz
Fact-check justification: As his benchmark, Santorum chose defense spending as a percentage of the federal budget. He could have chosen other measures, such as defense spending as a percentage of GDP or annual spending in inflation-adjusted dollars, and they would have showed different patterns. But we think the measurement is credible, and his choice of it is reasonable. Because his numbers are close, but not exact, we rate it .
Statement: Japan drops all vaxxine mandates, places myocarditis warning on label.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 6, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: An article headline said, "Japan Drops All Vaxxine Mandates, Places Myocarditis Warning on Label." The headline gives the  impression that Japan rescinded an existing vaccine mandate because of concerns over myocarditis. That’s not the case. Japan placed myocarditis warnings on vaccine labels in December, but it never implemented a COVID-19 vaccine mandate and has no compulsory vaccinations at all. We rate this  .
Statement: Says "the money is in the budget" to give a tax break to "everyone," including people making more than $1 million.
Speaker: lou greenwald
About the speaker: Lou Greenwald is a Democratic state Assemblyman representing parts of Burlington and Camden counties. He also serves as the Assembly Majority Leader.
Date: July 15, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: an interview on 6abc’s “Inside Story”
Fact-check justification: In a TV interview, Greenwald said "the money is in the budget" to give a tax break to "everyone," including people making more than $1 million. But Christie and Democratic legislators have indicated that any tax cut would likely be limited to New Jerseyans below a certain income level and not apply to millionaires. In fact, Greenwald has been a leading advocate of doing just the opposite: raising taxes on millionaires. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: While Sarah was Mayor of Wasilla she tried to fire our highly respected City Librarian because the Librarian refused to consider removing from the library some books that Sarah wanted removed.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: August 31, 2008
Location: national
Topics: civil rights
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: So we find no basis to find that part of the story . But Palin did ask the librarian if she would consider removing books. Maybe it was posed as a rhetorical question as Palin says. But she asked. So we rule the statement .
Statement: Says FBI agent Peter Strzok's hearing confirmed Republican Congressman Jim Jordan's theory about how the Justice Department got the Steele dossier.
Speaker: hugh hewitt
About the speaker: Hugh Hewitt is the host of a nationally syndicated radio show and a columnist.
Date: July 15, 2018
Topics: legal issues;punditfact
Context: a panel discussion
Fact-check justification: Hewitt said FBI agent Peter Strzok’s hearing confirmed Republican Congressman Jim Jordan’s theory about how the Justice Department got the Steele dossier. Specifically, Hewitt said Nellie Ohr, an analyst who worked at the research firm Fusion GPS, passed derogatory information on Donald Trump to her husband, a senior official at the Justice Department. But the hearing did not establish or confirm that Nellie Ohr was a go-between for Fusion GPS and U.S. law enforcement agencies. There are also several other ways law enforcement agencies obtained the Steele dossier that do not appear to involve Nellie or Bruce Ohr. Hewitt is not accurate in claiming that the hearing confirmed this theory. We rate his statement .
Statement: The health care numbers are going up.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: July 18, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's This Week
Fact-check justification: "The healthcare reform legislation Congress passed in late March divided the public then and has not gained support in the three months since," read a report published by Gallup in late June. If you look over the last six months and use live interviewer polls, which are usually considered more reliable, as opposed to just looking at polls since March when the bill passed, then you can see a small trend upward, according to Charles Franklin, co-founder of Pollster.com. However, Franklin agrees that using the time around the bill was signed into law is "an obvious point of comparison." Franklin added that the lack of polling over the last three months makes it difficult to accurately detect trends using Pollster.com data. Since the poll results reflect no clear trend up or down in the public's view of the health care bill since its passage in March, we rate his statement .
Statement: A wind turbine "could never generate as much energy as was invested in building it.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 16, 2021
Location: national
Topics: climate change;energy
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral image said that a wind turbine "could never generate as much energy as was invested in building it." The  cherry-picked a quote from a book and distorted its meaning. Every study of the lifecycle of wind turbines finds that they produce more energy than it took to produce them. Most analyses put the energy payback period at about a year or so. The most conservative, real-world assessment we found calculated that wind turbines in Texas produced more electricity than it took to build them after about six years. We rate this  .
Statement: The U.S. gun homicide rate is 20 times the combined rate of other western nations.
Speaker: jim moran
About the speaker: Rep. Jim Moran, D-8th, was first elected in 1990 to represent a district covering Falls Church, Alexandria, Arlington County and part of Fairfax County.
He serves on the Appropriations Committee and is the ranking member on the Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, as well as serving on the Defense Subcommittee.
Moran previously served as the mayor of Alexandria from 1985 to 1990.
Moran was born in Buffalo, N.Y. He graduated from College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Mass., in 1967, and received a master of public administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1970.
Date: January 10, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: crime;guns
Context: a newspaper column
Fact-check justification: The number fell to 10 times as high when we defined the inexact term of "western nations" as countries belonging to NATO. So Moran’s figures are outdated and on the high side. His terminology is loose. But his point -- that gun homicide rates in the U.S. tower over those of other wealthy  European nations -- holds up. We rate the statement .
Statement: Our (COVID-19) numbers are better than almost all countries.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 17, 2020
Location: national
Topics: coronavirus
Context: Wisconsin
Fact-check justification: Trump said that the United States’ COVID-19 "numbers are better than almost all countries." The White House pointed to one number to back that up — the number of deaths relative to the number of known cases. But the source it cited said that wasn’t a good measure of the threat of the disease. By other yardsticks, the United States is doing worse than many countries, including many major developed economies. It has a higher death rate in relation to its population, the virus is known to have reached a larger share of the population, and the percentage of tests that come back positive is higher than in many other nations. We rate this  .