chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: One-hundred times as many people worked their way from poverty into the American middle class" during his presidency compared to Ronald Reagan's presidency.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: October 24, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;jobs;poverty;workers
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Measured one way -- from the year each president took office to the election year in which each last served -- the number of people no longer living in poverty under Clinton was 100 times more than the number under Reagan. But a consistent measure -- from the year each president took office to the year each president left office -- shows the figure under Clinton was only 22 times higher. What’s more, Clinton provided no  that all the people lifted out of poverty during his tenure had entered the middle class. For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel’s web page .
Statement: There haven't been tax cuts for the rich" in Rhode Island.
Speaker: nicholas mattiello
About the speaker: Nicholas A. Mattiello has been Speaker of the Rhode Island House of Representatives since March 25, 2014. A Democrat and lawyer, he is a graduate of the Suffolk University School of Law and represents District 15 in Cranston. He previously served as Majority Leader in the House.
Date: January 18, 2015
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;history;jobs;poverty;state budget;wealth;taxes
Context: an interview on "10 News Conference"
Fact-check justification: House Speaker Nicholas Mattiello said, "There haven't been tax cuts for the rich" in Rhode Island. He later specified a time frame: Never. The 2010 tax changes -- which dropped the top tax rate by four percentage points -- is often regarded as a tax cut for the rich, but the wealthy actually paid more. They also paid more after the 2009 change, which called for taxing capital gains as ordinary income. But we only had to go back to 2006 to find tax legislation that argues against his point. Although no longer in effect, it imposed an ever-lower cap on state taxes that benefitted more and more rich people as the tax cap dropped lower and lower. And the 2014  change in the estate tax meant that wealthier estates weren't taxed as heavily. Overall, we believe the rich disproportionately benefit from this change even though all heirs, paupers and princes alike, get the same break. On balance, the PolitiFact Rhode Island judges rate his statement  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.) (Corrections: Gordon Fox was House Majority Leader when he talked to the Heartland Institute about the 2006 tax changes. The initial version of this item incorrectly said he was House Speaker. Donald Carcieri was the governor when the 2010 tax changes were passed. The initial version said it was Lincoln Chafee.)
Statement: Says he "opposed $716 billion cut to Medicare.
Speaker: c.w. bill young
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. C. W. Bill Young, R-Indian Shores, represented the 13th Congressional District of Florida. He was the nation's longest-serving Republican congressman on the day of his death, Oct. 18, 2013. Young held public office for more than 50 years, including a decade in the Florida Senate and 22 terms in Congress.
Young was born in Harmarville, Penn., on Dec. 16, 1930. His family moved to Pinellas County when he was 15. He is a veteran of the Army National Guard. He married his second wife, Beverly, in 1985. They have two sons, Billy and Patrick, and Robbie from her first marriage.
Date: October 17, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: medicare
Context: a TV commercial
Fact-check justification: Young’s ad says he voted against the controversial $716 billion Medicare cut. What he voted against was the Affordable Care Act, which implements an estimated $716 billion reduction in payments to hospitals and private insurers in effort to reduce the program’s ever-increasing costs. He could not have known the amount would be $716 billion, as that estimate came two years after the health care vote. Meanwhile, the Republicans have their own plan for reducing future Medicare spending, by bring more private insurance companies into Medicare and offering voucher-like premium support. The  excludes several points. We rate it .
Statement: The Republican plan would cut federal law enforcement officers — 30,000 — including 11,000 FBI agents, 2,000 border agents, DEA agents, and so on.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: May 10, 2023
Location: national
Topics: immigration;federal budget;public safety
Context: New York
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "The Republican plan would cut federal law enforcement officers — 30,000 — including 11,000 FBI agents, 2,000 border agents, DEA agents, and so on." What Biden presents as certain is really more of a guess. The White House made assumptions for broad cuts prescribed in the House-passed Republican bill; the measure does not say it would cut those numbers. Experts agree with Biden that the House bill would lead to steep cuts, giving the  an element of . Some Republicans have called for keeping funding whole for defense and veterans’ care, which would require deeper cuts in remaining departments.  But so far no one knows precisely how those cuts would play out — if the Senate and Biden ever agreed to them — which gives taxpayers a  impression. We rate this statement . Senior Correspondent Louis Jacobson contributed to this fact-check. RELATED : Republicans vow not to cut veterans’ benefits. But the legislation suggests otherwise. RELATED : Could President Biden use the 14th Amendment to head off a debt default? RELATED : More than 200 fact-checks of Biden
Statement: Rhode Island's state pension system "underperformed the median three out of the four years that Mr. [Frank] Caprio was in office.
Speaker: seth magaziner
About the speaker: Seth Magaziner is a Democrat who was elected Rhode Island General Treasurer in 2014. He is a former vice president at Trillium Asset Management, an investment firm in Boston. He has a bachelors degree in history from Brown University and a masters in business administration from Yale University.
Date: July 13, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: candidate biography;economy;pensions;retirement;workers
Context: a debate on WPRI-TV
Fact-check justification: Seth Magaziner said that Rhode Island's state pension system "underperformed the median three out of the four years that Mr. Caprio was in office," which is the  we're checking. There is no uncontested gold standard against which the "median" can be determined. Using the benchmarks Magaziner wants to use -- Boston College's data on pension returns in other states and the respected Wilshire index -- Magaziner is off the mark a bit, in part because Magaziner wants to count fiscal years in which Caprio wasn't serving a full term as treasurer. But the government pension experts with whom we spoke cautioned that such comparisons are not always fair, because different plans use different investing strategies based on their history and funding requirements. If you look at the predetermined benchmark used for Rhode Island's plan, the state's pension program performed below the median in two of the four calendar years that Caprio was in office, and in two of the three full fiscal years that included his tenure. The bottom line: The state’s plan underperformed benchmarks, as Magaziner said, but not quite as often as he said. Because the statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, such as an alternative measure of success that tells a slightly different story, we rate it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: John Boozman supports "privatizing Social Security
Speaker: blanche lincoln
About the speaker: Blanche Lincoln is a former two-term U.S. senator from Arkansas who was defeated in 2010 by Republican John Boozman.
Date: August 19, 2010
Location: national
Topics: message machine 2010;social security
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: But even Lincoln's website admits that such a proposal only constitutes "partial privatization." In 2004, Boozman said that he would support transferring a portion of the trust fund into private investments. We are not entirely sure what that would have entailed, but when we asked him whether he supports the government putting money into the stock market, he told us that that decision lies solely with the individual workers. In short, Lincoln's ad makes it seem as though Boozman has consistently advocated handing the entire program over to Wall Street bankers, which is a significant stretch. We rate this .
Statement: Putting a national lockdown, stay-at-home orders, is like house arrest. Other than slavery, which was a different kind of restraint, this is the greatest intrusion on civil liberties in American history.
Speaker: william barr
About the speaker: William Barr was the United States Attorney General during President Donald Trump's administration for most of 2019 and 2020.
Date: September 16, 2020
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;legal issues;coronavirus
Context: a speech at a Hillsdale College event
Fact-check justification: Barr said that COVID-19 stay-at-home orders were like house arrest and represented "the greatest intrusion on civil liberties in American history" since slavery. While efforts to contain the coronavirus have brought hardship to millions of people, public health restrictions, while challenged, have largely passed legal muster. On the flipside, denying the right to vote to millions of Black people, terrorizing Black communities, jailing people for voicing an opinion, and forcibly relocating or deporting over a million citizens go against core principles of the Constitution. Suffering is not easily quantified, and we recognize that actions taken in the past that were not ruled at the time as having violated civil rights are viewed differently through history’s lens. But the scale and force of assaults on civil liberties in the past outweigh the infringements due to COVID-19. We rate this  . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Says Joe Biden "is restricting travel for Americans into Mexico, but is keeping the border wide open for illegal aliens to walk right into our country.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: July 26, 2021
Topics: immigration;foreign policy;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Social media posts claimed that Biden "is restricting travel for Americans into Mexico, but is keeping the border wide open for illegal aliens to walk right into our country." The tweet contains an element of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Under Barack Obama the last two years, the number of federal limousines for bureaucrats has increased 73 percent.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: June 26, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;new hampshire 2012;transportation
Context: CBS' Face the Nation
Fact-check justification: In other words, some of the State Department increase has been in the works for at least two years prior to Obama taking office. Accusing the Obama administration of significantly increasing the federal limousine fleet in the midst of a recession and spiraling deficits may make for a great red meat line on a Republican campaign stop. But Bachmann's  that "under Barack Obama the last two years the number of federal limousines for bureaucrats has increased 73 percent," is based on squishy figures from the GSA (according to the GSA itself). And it's also impossible to tell from the numbers exactly how many of the new "limousines" were ordered by the Obama administration, and how many were ordered by his predecessor. Given those qualifiers, we rate it .
Statement: David Perdue "has never voted in a Republican primary until his name was on the ballot.
Speaker: jack kingston
About the speaker: Jack Kingston, a Republican, is a former U.S. Representative from Georgia and a political commentator.
Date: July 8, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: voting record
Context: Friends of Jack Kingston flyer
Fact-check justification: To sum up, the Kingston camp, trying to convince voters that Perdue isn’t a real Republican, has sent out a flier that states: David Perdue "has never voted in a Republican primary until his name was on the ballot." Public records show Perdue didn’t vote in a general election primary until this year, when he’s a candidate for U.S. Senate. But those same records show Perdue voted Republican in the presidential primaries in 2008 and 2012. That makes the "never voted in a Republican primary"  flat out . We rate the Kingston statement as .
Statement: Says Tom Hughes supports paving over thousands of acres with over-development and sprawl.
Speaker: bob stacey
About the speaker: Bob Stacey was executive director of 1000 Friends of Oregon until 2009. He also has worked as chief of staff for Rep. Earl Blumenauer and for the Ball Janik law firm. He also has worked for TriMet and for then-Gov. Barbara Roberts as a senior policy adviser. He was elected to the Metro Council in May 2012. 
Date: October 19, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: environment;housing
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: "It has to be done carefully, it has to be done thoughtfully, and it doesn't have to be a lot of it," he said. "But it's clear from the case we've made that it has to happen." Does that sound like a man hooked on suburban sprawl? The  that Hughes would pave over thousands of farmland with over-development and sprawl is .    Comment on this item.
Statement: If you go strictly by the numbers, crime is down across the board. Last year we had a 10 percent decrease in the most serious crimes.
Speaker: george turner
About the speaker: George Turner has been Atlanta's Chief of Police since 2010.
Date: April 4, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: crime
Context: a newspaper article
Fact-check justification: Residents in the West End, which pays off-duty police officers for extra security, and in the neighborhood surrounding Booker T. Washington High School, which does not, feel their streets are safer, though larcenies, car theft and prostitution persist in some areas. "I feel much better about what we see," said Bill Cannon, head of the Booker T. Washington Community Association and Neighborhood Watch. As Turner said, "strictly by the numbers" crime is down in Atlanta. Those numbers appear to reflect what is going on in area neighborhoods, and there is no  that the agency is improperly reporting its crime statistics.     We therefore rule Turner’s statement .
Statement: The Obama administration "manipulated deportation data to make it appear that the Border Patrol was deporting more illegal immigrants than the Bush administration.
Speaker: lou dobbs
About the speaker: Lou Dobbs is a television host on Fox Business Network. He was formerly the host of CNN’s ‘Lou Dobbs Tonight’.
Date: July 1, 2014
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: a segment on 'Lou Dobbs Tonight'
Fact-check justification: Dobbs said the federal government "manipulated deportation data to make it appear that the Border Patrol was deporting more illegal immigrants than the Bush administration." Deportations or "removals" under Obama are tracking higher than during the Bush years using the most literal deportation statistics, as well as those solely from ICE. Dobbs’ contention that the Obama administration is inflating its number is an interpretation of a change in federal policy to process and remove people trying to enter the country illegally rather than just turn them around. Whether you agree with the policy, those formal removals are occurring. That strategy is rooted in previous administrations but was accelerated by Obama so that people trying to cross the border illegally face more significant consequences and receive formal deportation orders. We rate the  .
Statement: Many countries (in NATO) owe us a tremendous amount of money for many years back, where they're delinquent, as far as I'm concerned, because the United States has had to pay for them.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 11, 2018
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military
Context: the NATO summit
Fact-check justification: Trump said that "many countries owe us a tremendous amount of money for many years back." NATO members agreed to contribute at least 2 percent of their country’s GDP toward defense by 2024, but that defense spending does not take the form of payments to the United States or the alliance as a whole. We rate this statement .
Statement: I don't understand what Republicans are doing against this. It was their idea. John McCain introduced cap and trade legislation three times.
Speaker: john boccieri
About the speaker: John Boccieri is former member of Congress. A Democrat, he represented Ohio's 16th Congressional District.
Date: August 18, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: cap and trade;climate change
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: McCain’s staff did not respond to our request to discuss his stance on the House cap-and-trade bill that Boccieri supported. Until late August, McCain faced a tough primary battle against former GOP congressman J. D. Hayworth, who had criticized McCain’s support for cap-and-trade. Energy expert Frank Maisano said McCain has been silent on the issue recently, because of "political pressures he was getting from the right" during that campaign. We find Boccieri’s statement that John McCain introduced cap and trade legislation three times to be . Comment on this item .
Statement: Mitt Romney "said it was 'tragic' to end the war in Iraq.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 6, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: iraq
Context: Charlotte, N.C
Fact-check justification: According to Obama, Romney "said it was ‘tragic’ to end the war in Iraq." Romney characterized Obama’s 2011 removal of troops from the country with that word, but he was talking about the pace of the drawdown. Romney’s point, held by other Republicans, was that Obama’s drawdown happened too quickly and would lead to an unstable transition for Iraq. Romney has said conditions in Iraq are difficult to forecast and he would prefer a larger transitional force. We rate this  . PolitiFact Florida is partnering with 10 News for the election. See video fact-checks here .
Statement: Says $6 billion projected to accumulate in the state's rainy day fund is already used.
Speaker: charles perry
About the speaker: Charles Perry was elected to his first term in the Texas House in 2010.
Date: June 24, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: state budget
Context: a Texas Tribune interview
Fact-check justification: Rep. Perry reminded us those are uncertain speculations. Plus, he suggested, it’s likely "we are going to see less and less money from the feds," noting that Congress is in talks to reduce federal spending and besides, states will ultimately be expected to pick up a share of the costs of the federal health care overhaul approved in 2010. Our take: Rep. Perry’s statement overreaches because the money projected to pile up in the fund has not been used. Still, the 2011 Legislature adjourned amid expectations that when legislators next gather, they will lean on the fund to cover $6 billion in unpaid expenses. We rate his  .
Statement: The Canadians — they (dropped) their tax rates to 15 percent. The average tax rate on businesses in the industrialized world is 25 percent.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: October 11, 2012
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Danville, Ky
Fact-check justification: That’s quite a bit higher than Canada’s, and since April, it has been the highest corporate tax rate on the books of any OECD nation. Still, the actual tax rate paid by a company will likely be lower than the official rate, due to deductions and exemptions. Our rating Ryan said Canada dropped its corporate tax rates to 15 percent and that "the average tax rate on businesses in the industrialized world is 25 percent." He’s correct on both counts, though it’s worth pointing out that provincial taxes boost Canada’s rate to 26.1 percent, and that the actual rate paid by specific companies in certain countries, such as the U.S., can be lower than official rates due to deductions and exemptions. We rate Ryan’s  .