chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Zero percent of kids in Cairo are college-ready.
Speaker: chris kennedy
About the speaker: Chris Kennedy is a businessman and a son of former U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy.
Date: February 9, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: education
Context: an interview with the Southern Illinoisan editorial board
Fact-check justification: Kennedy tried to make a point about inadequate state school funding when he declared "zero percent of kids in Cairo are college-ready." But school officials in that deep southern Illinois community report a majority of current seniors have already received acceptance offers from at least one college. Kennedy backtracked on his original statement when news media sought clarification, though he did not admit error. In the second go-around, he pointed to slightly better numbers from a different set of state-collected test data. The first figure Kennedy referenced relied on the ACT, a test the state no longer uses for its proficiency benchmark. Some, but not all, Cairo students took that test, meaning the results were incomplete and did not reflect the performance of the entire class of 2018. The caveat is clearly stated on the schools website accessed by the Kennedy campaign to derive data about Cairo. Kennedy later revised his comments to cite a different set of college preparedness data based on a different test that the state now administers to high schoolers. The results from that second set of tests, the SAT, are not great when it comes to Cairo, but they also don’t show zero percent college preparedness. It also should be stressed that the Illinois State Board of Education cautions against using a standardized test score as the sole indicator of college preparedness. The confusing set of numbers and assertions reeled out by Kennedy to bolster his comments about Cairo students make it clear he didn’t do his homework before claiming initially that no members of the graduating class of 2018 were prepared for college. For that reason, we rate his statement .
Statement: Says the CBO estimates that fully extending the Bush tax cuts would add 600,000-1.4 million jobs in 2011 and 900,000-2.7 million jobs in 2012.
Speaker: national association of manufacturers
About the speaker: The National Association of Manufacturers is a trade association representing businesses involved in manufacturing.
Date: December 2, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;taxes
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: The more jobs we can create, the more economic growth we will see across the nation." But she didn't push back on the substance of our analysis. So NAM is accurately quoting the numbers on the Republican alternative but conveniently leaving out the detail that the Democratic alternative is nearly as good at creating jobs. It also ignores the CBO's conclusion that extending the tax breaks for upper-income Americans offers diminishing returns. On balance, we rate the statement .
Statement: Pete Buttigieg is a favorite candidate of Wall Street and the health care industry.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: February 7, 2020
Topics: campaign finance;health care;health check
Context: campaign talking points issued days before the New Hampshire primary
Fact-check justification: Context is also important. It’s likely a large number of Sanders’ health care contributions are from nurses and doctors as individuals. There’s no way to identify whether this support was related to the candidate’s health policies or motivated by other reasons. Sanders’  has some  to it but is imprecise. For this reason, we rate the  .
Statement: Says Rebecca Dallet "has talked about her interest in advocating for policies that need to be changed to achieve her political objectives.
Speaker: michael screnock
About the speaker: Michael Screnock is a judge for the Sauk County Circuit Court in Wisconsin. He was appointed by Republican Gov. Scott Walker in 2015 and ran unopposed for election in 2016. In 2017, he announced he would run in 2018 for a seat on the Wisconsin Supreme Court. 
Date: March 2, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;civil rights;ethics;government regulation;guns
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Dallet frequently says she is merely stating her values, such as equal rights or clean air and water, and often she singles out those issues without advocating for a particular policy position. But on some occasions she has gone beyond that. For example, after citing clean air and water, and equal protection as her values, she pledged to "advocate for the policies that need to be changed." And she has advocated for addressing "mass" incarceration; increasing voter participation and not allowing the sale of AR-15 guns. We rate Screnock statement’s .
Statement: The birther movement was started by Hillary Clinton in 2008. She was all in!
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 22, 2015
Location: national
Topics: obama birth certificate
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said that Clinton started the birther movement and "was all in." It’s an interesting bit of history that the birther movement appears to have begun with Democrats supporting Clinton and opposing Obama. But Trump, and others who have made this , neglect to mention that there is no direct tie to Clinton or her 2008 campaign. The story appears to have started with supporters of Clinton, an important distinction. Trump goes on to completely distort the chain of events by claiming Clinton "was all in" on the birther movement. Most of the talk started after Clinton suspended her presidential campaign. And the only thing she officially has ever done is deny any accusation of starting a whisper campaign. We rate this  .
Statement: Over 40 percent of the American people don't have $400 in the bank.
Speaker: howard schultz
About the speaker: Howard Schultz is a businessman from New York. He is the former CEO of Starbucks and is a former owner of the Seattle SuperSonics. He said that he was considering running for president in early 2019 but temporarily ended his considerations in June because of health concerns.
Date: January 27, 2019
Location: national
Topics: wealth
Context: an interview on CBS
Fact-check justification: Schultz said "over 40 percent of the American people don't have $400 in the bank." Based on the latest survey from the Federal Reserve Board, Schultz is essentially on track: 40 percent of Americans said that, if faced with an emergency expense of $400, they would not be able to cover it, or would have to borrow or sell something in order to cover it. We rate Schultz's statement .
Statement: Governor Kate Brown wants to make Oregon's mask mandate PERMANENT.
Speaker: christine drazan
About the speaker: Christine Drazan is a Republican candidate for the governor of Oregon. She previously served as the minority leader of the Oregon House of Representatives, from 2019-2021.
Date: January 5, 2022
Location: oregon
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The agency says it will be able to repeal the mandate once it’s deemed safe to do so, but it has not provided a date certain for when that might happen. We have not found any  that Brown herself has spoken specifically in support of the permanent mandate proposal. The statement is accurate but needs additional information. We rate it . PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: Salaries for Virginia's teachers are below the national average.
Speaker: kitty boitnott
About the speaker: Kitty Boitnott was president of the Virginia Education Association, an organization of about 60,000 public school teachers, from 2008 to 2012..
Date: April 20, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Virginians have higher salaries than most Americans. Their cost of living, meanwhile, ranks in the middle of states. But we digress. Boitnott said Virginia pays its teachers below the national average and we owe you a rating on that. Her statement is .
Statement: John McCain has given erratic and inconsistent answers on when troops should return from Iraq.
Speaker: democratic national committee
About the speaker: The Democratic National Committee is the national organization of Democrats.
Date: July 9, 2008
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: an ad on the Internet
Fact-check justification: Two of the instances (the "Hardball" interview and the "Meet the Press" interview) are borderline; his comments address issues that affect withdrawal but aren't precisely on point. Two instances ("The Early Show" interview and McCain's speech) are fair and accurate representations of his views. While the ad is right on two items, and partially right on two items, three of the quotes are out of context and distort McCain's original meaning. This weakens the DNC's case against McCain significantly. We rate the DNC's argument that McCain has given inconsistent and erratic answers on when troops should return from Iraq .
Statement: Says Donald Trump's use of the term "fake news" to undermine journalism "seems (to have) inspired dictators and authoritarians.
Speaker: jeff flake
About the speaker: Jeff Flake, a Republican, represents Arizona in the U.S. Senate. He was elected to the Senate in 2012, after serving in the U.S. House.
Date: January 17, 2018
Location: national
Topics: fake news;transparency
Context: the U.S. Senate
Fact-check justification: Flake said that Trump's use of the term " news" to undermine journalism seems to have "inspired dictators and authoritarians." Trump popularized the phrase " news" over the past two years as a way to dismiss news coverage that is unsympathetic to him and his administration, even when the reporting is accurate.  There are more than a dozen recent instances where foreign leaders, including dictators and authoritarians, have similarly invoked " news" to dismiss allegations against them, including widespread extrajudicial killings and other human rights abuses. We found no mentions of " news" from foreign leaders before 2016. Expanded use of the epithet has also emboldened authoritarian governments to jail more journalists under " news" statutes, experts said.   Flake has solid examples from around the world to back up his statement, and there’s strong correlation here given the timeline. We rate this  .
Statement: Says the Defense Department shrink-wrapped $10.8 billion in American money, loaded it on 175 pallets and put it on a transport plane to Iraq where they passed out $100 bills and no one has any receipts.
Speaker: dennis kucinich
About the speaker: Dennis Kucinich is running in the Democratic primary for governor of Ohio in 2018. Kucinich was elected to Congress in 1996. He previously served as a member of the city council and as mayor in Cleveland, the city where he was born in 1946. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Case Western University. He has been married since 2005 to Elizabeth Harper. He was married twice before and has one child. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 25, 2008.
Date: January 6, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: iraq
Context: a FoxNews interview
Fact-check justification: Kucinich’s spokesman did not respond to questions asking why Kucinich told Fox that $10.8 billion was at issue, when $12 billion was the amount discussed by Waxman’s committee. Bowen said he wasn’t familiar with any cases where $10.8 billion were shipped to Iraq on 175 pallets, as Kucinich claimed, though he applauded Kucinich’s advocacy for effective Iraq oversight. "He is one of the reasons why the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction has been able to succeed in the last seven years of work," Bowen said of Kucinich. Pentagon spending may be a legitimate place to look for budget cuts, but money misspent from this source could not be used "for the things we need at home." For these reasons, we rate his  .
Statement: The Inspector General's report now makes clear that the FBI launched an intrusive investigation of a U.S. presidential campaign on the thinnest of suspicions.
Speaker: william barr
About the speaker: William Barr was the United States Attorney General during President Donald Trump's administration for most of 2019 and 2020.
Date: December 9, 2019
Location: national
Topics: elections;ethics;legal issues
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Barr said, "The Inspector General’s report now makes clear that the FBI launched an intrusive investigation of a U.S. presidential campaign on the thinnest of suspicions." The report found that the decision to start the Russia investigation was justified. But the FBI did secure a FISA warrant to surveil Page, a technique that is permitted but considered intrusive. We rate Barr’s statement .
Statement: The FBI just confirmed that it was ANTIFA, not Trump supporters, who breached the Capitol.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 7, 2021
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: As we’ve previously reported , there’s no way to identify everyone who participated in the mayhem on Jan. 6. But no one claiming that antifa activists stormed the Capitol has provided legitimate proof, while the  that Trump supporters were involved is indisputable. We rate this Facebook post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Using a surcharge on the cigarette tax to help pay for a new downtown sports arena "is not feasible under state law.
Speaker: tom barrett
About the speaker: Tom Barrett served as the 44th mayor of Milwaukee from 2004 until 2021. The mayoral position is non-partisan. A member of the Democratic Party, he was previously elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly (1984–1989), Wisconsin Senate (1989–1993) and U.S. House of Representatives (1993–2003).
Barrett lost bids for governor in 2002, 2010 and in the 2012 recall race against Gov. Scott Walker. He was sworn in as U.S. ambassador to Luxembourg on Dec. 23, 2021.
Date: March 3, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: In that respect, there is nothing different about the approval required for a cigarette tax increase, a funding option that’s used in other parts of the country. Our definition for  is a statement that's partially accurate but leaves out important details. That fits here. Note: An earlier version of this item incorrectly stated that the Public Policy Forum was leading a task force studying the area's cultural needs. The organization is only conducting research into the matter.
Statement: Says Texas lawmakers in 2011 ordered school districts to test every student on their respiratory system and weight.
Speaker: mike villarreal
About the speaker: Mike Villarreal, a House member since 2000, resigned his seat on the cusp of the 2015 legislative session to run for mayor of San Antonio.
Date: April 4, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: children;education;public health;recreation
Context: Texas House debate on state budget
Fact-check justification: Villarreal said the 2011 Legislature ordered Texas students to take fitness tests including checks of weight and respiratory systems. The mandated tests can involve checking each student’s weight and the aerobic tests relate to respiration. But lawmakers launched the program a few years earlier, in 2007, though they approved changes in 2011. We rate this  as .
Statement: 75 doctors in South Florida walked out in protest as their hospital was flooded with unvaccinated COVID-19 patients
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 23, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Social media posts  that about 75 doctors in South Florida walked out in protest as their hospital was overrun with unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. This is .  The event was an early-morning news conference to encourage COVID-19 vaccinations and mask-wearing. It wasn’t a protest or a walkout. The doctors who participated either came before the start of their shifts, or after.  We rate this .
Statement: He voted twice for a budget resolution that increases the taxes on individuals making $42,000 a year.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: October 15, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Hempstead, N.Y
Fact-check justification: The resolutions would not change the tax code. Moreover, Obama as a candidate has proposed tax increases for couples earning $250,000 or more a year, or singles earning $200,000 or more. We rated previous versions of McCain’s charge as . Although McCain added context to his charge, it doesn’t change the fact that the votes were never expected to raise taxes. So we rate the latest version of McCain’s statement .
Statement: Says Texas' unemployment rate has doubled on Rick Perry's watch.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: September 22, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: jobs
Context: newspaper article
Fact-check justification: Paul Brace, a political science professor at Rice University, said: "Overall unemployment wasn't (Perry's) fault, but our relatively good performance also has little to do with what he did." That made sense then — and it does now. Texas unemployment, lately at its highest level in more than two decades, doubled while Perry was governor, as Romney says. But it’s  to conclude this was Perry’s fault, as the Romney camp does in saying "on his watch." We rate the statement as .
Statement: Alopecia isn't a medical disease; it's an aesthetic one.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 28, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Sometimes hair grows back but repeated bouts of baldness can also occur." It is not life-threatening, but there is no cure. The statement that alopecia "isn't a medical disease" contains an element of  — the term alopecia broadly refers to hair loss from any cause, including normal aging. But the  ignores critical facts: Some types of alopecia are an autoimmune disease. We rate the  that alopecia isn’t a medical disease .
Statement: A Dominion representative in Gwinnett County improperly downloaded election data to "manipulate the data.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 1, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says that a Dominion representative in Gwinnett County improperly downloaded election data to "manipulate the data." The video and the post include no proof that the representative was manipulating data. A state elections official and a county spokesperson told reporters that the allegation was . We rate this statement . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: BREAKING: Sheriff Joe Arpaio will take over (John) McCain's seat in the Senate.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 26, 2018
Topics: congress;fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The person who runs America’s Last Line of Defense, Christopher Blair, has told us in the past that his websites are created to trick conservatives and make money. "I discovered that Facebook following plus blog plus ads equals income," Blair said. A fabricated headline and story claimed Arpaio had been appointed to replace McCain in the U.S. Senate. McCain’s replacement hasn’t been announced yet. We rate the  !
Statement: A known antifa member" dressed as a Donald Trump supporter "and caused the Capitol riot" on Jan. 6.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 21, 2021
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: A viral image claims that a "known antifa member" dressed as a Trump supporter "and caused the Capitol riot" on Jan. 6. Activist John Earle Sullivan, whose photo appears in the image, joined Trump supporters in the riot, extensively filmed and cheered on the violence, and is charged with crimes for his participation. But there is no  that he is part of antifa, or that he caused the riot. We rate the post .