chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Ronald Reagan "raised taxes in 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986 and 1987.
Speaker: gerry connolly
About the speaker: Gerald E. “Gerry” Connolly, a Democrat, has represented Virginia's 11th Congressional District in Congress since 2009. The district encompasses Fairfax County, Prince William County, and Fairfax City in Northern Virginia.
Connolly serves on the House Budget Committee, the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.
He is the Ranking Member of the Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations, which covers many key issues relating to Northern Virginia’s workforce and economy.  Connolly also serves on the Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Job Creation, and Regulatory Affairs.  He is a senior member of the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa and also serves on the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific.  
Connolly is vice-chair of the New Democrat Coalition, co-chairing its Technology, Education and Entrepreneurship Task Force, chair of the Smart Contracting Caucus, co-chair of the Sustainable Energy and Environment Caucus, co-chair of the Congressional Caucus on U.S.-Turkey Relations and Turkish Americans, co-chair of the Congressional Caucus on Korea, and co-chair of the Congressional Caucus on Taiwan.  
 Connolly received a B.A. in Literature from Maryknoll College in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, and a M.A. in Public Administration from Harvard University in 1979.
After graduating from Harvard, Connolly spent 10 years on the staff of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, where he handled numerous issues including oversight of international economic issues and policies concerning the Middle East and the United Nations.
 Connolly also worked in the non-profit and private sectors for organizations and companies involved in international trade, regulatory matters, and research.
Date: June 5, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: deficit;taxes
Context: a floor speech
Fact-check justification: Connolly said Reagan, as president "raised taxes" in 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986 and 1987.  Reagan did, in fact, sign off on at least one tax increase during each of those years. Some of the increases were modest in scope. And it’s important to note that overall U.S. taxes, when measured as a portion of the nation’s GDP, went down during Reagan’s presidency. But there’s no doubt that Reagan was willing to cut budget deals that included raising revenues. We rate Connolly’s statement .
Statement: This year's state budget "continues to direct millions in taxpayer dollars in advertising to the failing Start-Up NY program
Speaker: brian kolb
About the speaker: Brian Kolb is a Republican Assemblymember from the Rochester area. He was a 2018 candidate for New York governor, but dropped his bid early in the race.
Date: March 31, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: corrections and updates;economy;jobs;state budget;taxes
Context: a statement on the state budget
Fact-check justification: Kolb said the state budget directs millions of dollars to advertise the Start-Up NY program. It’s  that a line in the budget allows the state to use money to advertise Start-Up NY. But state officials use the same pot of money to promote tourism and other programs in the state. While the bill may include language about where advertising money can be spent, if the agency chooses to advertise the program, nothing in the budget bill requires the Cuomo administration to spend money on Start-Up NY advertising. The agency that would create and run ads for Start-Up NY says it has no plans to use the money for that purpose.  Kolb’s statement that the budget directs millions of dollars to be spent advertising the program is not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: I went to the Olympics that was out of balance, and we got it on balance.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 22, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Boca Raton, Fla
Fact-check justification: It’s correct that Romney more than balanced the the Salt Lake Organizing Committee’s budget. But that doesn’t tell the whole story, since he helped secure at least $400 million -- and possibly up to $1.5 billion -- in government funding to make the Olympics function that is not included in the balance sheet he’s touting. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. So we rate Romney’s  .
Statement: Just last year, alone, 710 police officers" were assaulted in New York state.
Speaker: martin golden
About the speaker: Martin Golden is a Republican state senator from New York's 22nd district in Brooklyn.
Date: January 30, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a press conference announcing the Community Heroes Protection Act
Fact-check justification: Golden said,  "Just last year alone, 710 police officers … were assaulted in this state." Golden relied on FBI data that does not include assaults on officers from New York City. Golden undercounted, but his point is not lost: The number of reported assaults on law enforcement officers is significant. His statement needs clarification and additional information. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/4f5e2b87-867c-40c7-9c04-981acd31615a
Statement: Says Marco Rubio is proposing a new $1 trillion "welfare program" in tax credits and "$1 trillion in new military spending.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: November 10, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;families;federal budget;military;welfare;taxes
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: It’s estimated that over 10 years, a common time frame for federal budget planning, Rubio’s child tax credit would result in the loss of $1 trillion in tax revenue; and his plan to reverse declines in Pentagon spending would cost $1 trillion. But it’s a stretch to call the tax credit welfare and in making his , Paul didn’t state that the $1 trillion costs would be over 10 years. We rate Paul’s statement . More debate claims Go here for PolitiFact National's fact checks on statements made during the Milwaukee debate. And here for PolitiFact Wisconsin's night-of review of the debate.
Statement: The Nashville bombing was an attempt to stop an AT&T audit into Dominion software and cover up election corruption.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 27, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Posts online  that the Christmas Day bombing in Nashville was an attempt to cover up election fraud because AT&T was conducting an audit of Dominion Voting Systems machines and that the equipment was recently relocated to the company’s building that was damaged in the blast. This is bogus. There is no  that suggests that the explosion was election-related. Both companies have denied the posts claims, saying that there was no such audit and that Dominion’s machines were not recently transported to Nashville. !
Statement: The five Guantanamo detainees swapped for Bowe Bergdahl "are right now back on the battlefield.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 21, 2015
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: South Carolina
Fact-check justification: Donald Trump said the five Guantanamo detainees swapped for Bowe Bergdahl "are right now back on the battlefield." The Taliban Five are known to be in Qatar, where they have been since their release over a year ago. Qatar is considered neutral ground -- not a battlefield -- and they are not allowed to leave the country. At least one of the five has been in contact with suspected insurgents, but experts said there is not enough information available to know the extent of these communications. And even if they had communicated with insurgents from afar, that would not the same as literally going back to the battlefield. Because there is no  to support Trump’s , we rate it .
Statement: Simulation with fictional virus shows '"what they're preparing for us" in 2025.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 5, 2023
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "Most of us don’t respond well if we face something that’s rare and catastrophic," she said. "It’s almost like inoculating them. Exercises are a form of inoculation for emergencies." She said gathering the people who must respond to such events and letting them get to know one another and learn to cooperate is beneficial. We rate the  that a simulation with a fictional virus shows ‘"what they're preparing for us" in 2025 .
Statement: We're above 800 million Muslims radicalized, more than half the Muslims on Earth That's not a minority. That's now a majority.
Speaker: ben shapiro
About the speaker: Ben Shapiro is a conservative political commentator and columnist who founded The Daily Wire.
Date: October 15, 2014
Topics: islam;terrorism;punditfact
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: Shapiro said that a majority of Muslims are radicals. To make his numbers work, he had to cherry-pick certain results from public opinion surveys. Given the choice between two possible percentages, he chose the higher one. Shapiro also relied heavily on the idea that anyone who supported sharia law is a radical. Some of the best polling work shows that Muslim beliefs are much more nuanced. Some countries where high percentages of Muslims support Sharia law show low support for suicide attacks on civilians. Large fractions of Muslims that endorse sharia law do not want it imposed on others. The meaning of Sharia law varies from sect to sect and nation to nation. Shapiro’s definition of radical is so thin as to be practically meaningless and so too are the numbers he brings to bear. We rate the  .
Statement: Not once in his entire career in Washington, D.C., which started way back in 1991, has Democratic Socialist Bernie Sanders ever voted yes on sanctions against Russia.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: February 22, 2020
Topics: foreign policy
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: A post claims: "Not once in his entire career in Washington, D.C., which started way back in 1991, has Democratic Socialist Bernie Sanders ever voted yes on sanctions against Russia." Sanders voted once, in 2017, to add Russia to a sanctions bill. But on the final version of that bill, which carried sanctions against Russia, North Korea and Iran, he voted no. Moreover, he voted no on a Russia sanctions bill in 2012. The statement is partially accurate. We rate it .
Statement: We're starting to reach almost herd immunity in this nation, so we'll be on the downside of this virus very soon.
Speaker: vicky hartzler
About the speaker: Rep. Vicky Hartzler, R-Mo., represents Missouri's fourth district. She was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1994.
Date: September 2, 2020
Location: missouri
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: an interview with FM 93.9 “The Eagle”
Fact-check justification: Hartzler claimed, "We’re starting to reach almost herd immunity in this nation, so we’ll be on the downside of this virus very soon." Without a vaccine, herd immunity relies on infections driving immunity. At the time of the quote – and now – immunity in the United States is far short of that required by estimates. This statement is not accurate. We rate this  .
Statement: Amniocentesis, does, in fact, result more often than not in this country in abortion.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: February 19, 2012
Location: national
Topics: abortion;health care;public health
Context: an interview on CBS's "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: Santorum told Face the Nation , "Amniocentesis does, in fact, result more often than not in this country in abortion." While no agency or organization we spoke with keeps national statistics, researchers and reports we consulted show that more than 90 percent of amniocenteses result in normal diagnoses — and thus often healthy babies. Meanwhile, perhaps half of parents whose fetuses are diagnosed with abnormalities —   those with the most severe, untreatable problems — may go on to end their pregnancies. So by the best  available, perhaps less than 5 percent of parents who choose amniocentesis choose to end their pregnancies. Santorum’s statement isn’t accurate, and we rate it .
Statement: Gov. Ron DeSantis raised "taxes on the middle class by more than $1.5 billion while giving away $624 million to big corporations.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: August 25, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: corporations;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The Florida Department of Revenue told PolitiFact it refunded nearly $624 million to the state's corporate taxpayers this year.   In 2019, DeSantis signed legislation that extended a provision — signed by former Gov. Rick Scott — that temporarily reduced corporate income tax rates. The refunds benefited more than 20,000 corporate taxpayers, according to the state Department of Revenue.   Crist's statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Photo shows "what railways in Ohio look like while we send $40 billion to Ukraine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 18, 2023
Location: national
Topics: ohio;transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: The U.S. Department of Transportation is managing more than $4 billion in grant programs designed to improve rail safety and eliminate intersections where a railroad crosses a public road, the Biden administration said Feb. 17 .   The U.S. has spent $113 billion since 2022 to support Ukraine. A Facebook post said a photo of a dilapidated railroad track shows "what railways in Ohio look like while we send $40 billion to Ukraine." The image used in the post comes from a 6-year-old video, and that railway has since been fixed. We rate this  .
Statement: He positions himself as pro environment, but he scored a zero — yes, zero — from the League of Conservation Voters last year.
Speaker: moveon.org
About the speaker: MoveOn.org is a left-leaning political advocacy group. It endorsed Sen. Barack Obama for the Democratic nomination.
Date: April 5, 2008
Location: national
Topics: environment
Context: an e-mail message
Fact-check justification: Despite McCain's low ratings, Jenkins considers him one of the three most reliable Republican senators on environmental issues. (The other two Jenkins named are Susan Collins and Olympia Snowe, both of Maine.) MoveOn's words about McCain's environmental record are literally  — because he's missed so many votes. As we noted in our previous item, his average score with the group between 2001 and 2006 was 44.3, but the e-mail gives the impression that McCain is rock-bottom on environmental issues. We rate this charge by Moveon.org to be .
Statement: We're down near the low end of per capita deaths ... Most places are at 60 deaths per 100,000. We're at 29.
Speaker: joe kernen
About the speaker: Joe Kernen is co-host of CNBC's TV show, "Squawk Box."
Date: May 27, 2020
Topics: public health;pundits;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: an episode of CNBC's "Squawk Box"
Fact-check justification: Kernen said: "We’re down near the low end of per capita deaths … Most places are at 60 deaths per 100,000. We're at 29." The U.S. has hovered slightly above 29 COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 people in recent days, but it is far from being "down near the low end of per capita deaths."  Only a handful of countries are performing worse by that metric, and just three have recorded more than 60 deaths per 100,000. We rate this statement .
Statement: Mitt Romney "gave away his father's inheritance.
Speaker: reince priebus
About the speaker: Reince Priebus was the first chief of staff to President Donald Trump, replaced by John Kelly in July 2017. Priebus was previously chairman of the Republican National Committee, a post he assumed in 2011. He is also the former chairman of the Republican Party of Wisconsin. He was an unsuccessful Wisconsin state Senate candidate in 2004. He is a Kenosha, Wis., native and lawyer.
Date: August 26, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;wealth
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Reince Priebus says that Romney "gave away his father's inheritance." Romney has repeatedly said so himself and that's backed up by the simple fact that Brigham Young University has an institute named for his father launched just a few years after his death. And there’s no reason to think Romney would have needed the money a decade after his lucrative move to Bain Capital. We find the  supports the  and we see nothing to contradict it. If any  emerges, we'll review it. But in the meantime, we rate Priebus’  .
Statement: If Wisconsin's governor cuts perquisites as much as he plans to do, "it would still leave (workers) better off than their private sector" counterparts.
Speaker: george will
About the speaker: George Will is a conservative columnist syndicated by the Washington Post.
Date: February 20, 2011
Location: national
Topics: labor;pundits;state budget;this week - abc news
Context: ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: The point is that it's important to consider an employee's total package of wages and benefits when comparing public and private sector compensation. But that's not the issue before us here. Will clearly stated that he was talking about just the benefits side of the equation. And with regard to the changes Walker has proposed -- requiring greater employee contributions to pension and health care -- Will is right that they would still leave public employees "better off" than those in the private sector. We rate Will's comment .
Statement: Lean, finely textured beef is the proper name [not pink slime], and it is a safe, widely used product.
Speaker: gary black
About the speaker: Elected Georgia's first GOP farm chief in 2010
Date: April 4, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: food safety
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: So do some state officials. Some research has concluded it is safe. Still, there are reasons for concern, such as those listed in the 2009 New York Times report. We also find it interesting that our neighbor to the north, Canada, has not permitted the beef to be sold there. With those caveats, we rate Black’s entire statement that the beef is safe as .
Statement: We are within the margin of error.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: October 31, 2008
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: A FOX News/Opinion Dynamics poll had Obama leading 47 to 44, easily within the 3-point margin of error. So McCain was within the "margin of error" in five of the 11 polls we checked. We find his statement . UPDATE: Our original item mistakenly calculated the margin of error without using its impact on the number for both candidates. We have changed the calculations, which changed our ruling from  to .
Statement: By 2015, we will be sending so much interest" to China that "we will be paying for the entire People's Liberation Army.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: November 9, 2011
Location: national
Topics: china;deficit;foreign policy;military
Context: Michigan
Fact-check justification: Bachmann said that "by 2015, we will be sending so much interest" to China that "we will be paying for the entire People's Liberation Army." Today, we only pay about a quarter (if you use official statistics) or 15 percent (if you use the Pentagon’s estimate), and the likelihood that those percentages will increase dramatically within four years is almost nil. So we rate Bachmann’s comment .
Statement: The extra point is almost automatic. … (The NFL) had five missed extra points this year out of 1,200 some odd" attempts.
Speaker: roger goodell
About the speaker: Roger Goodell is the commissioner of the NFL.
Date: January 20, 2014
Topics: sports;punditfact
Context: an interview on NFL.com
Fact-check justification: Let’s sum up our findings: Is the point-after touchdown attempt an almost pre-determined outcome that propels kickers to the top of scoring charts? Yes. More pertinently, did Goodell have his stats straight? Also yes. In football terms, Goodell’s  is up and it’s GOOD! At PunditFact, we call that .