chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Federal, state and local governments have subsidized the production of the Volt to the tune of estimates between $50,000 and $250,000 per vehicle sold.
Speaker: jim jordan
About the speaker: Jim Jordan is a member of the House of Representative from Ohio's 4th Congressional District. A conservative Republican, Jordan is chair of the Republican Study Committee.
Date: January 25, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: corporations;energy;technology
Context: a congressional hearing
Fact-check justification: Mackinac’s numbers seem inexact and fluid and designed to make headlines at the expense of accuracy. They include money that went to a company that doesn’t supply the Volt. And the per-vehicle tally considers all aid awarded at a time when Volt sales are just beginning. That figure will fall dramatically -- a point the study’s author concedes -- as more Volts and cars that use its technology are sold, with one analysis citing a figure of $25 per car if projected out over the next 25 years. On the -O-Meter, Jordan’s  rates .
Statement: Election fraud: Democrats are voting twice in Maryland
Speaker:  infowars
About the speaker: Infowars is a conspiracy oriented website run by Alex Jones.
Date: November 5, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: She said that early voting is done through the electronic voter registration database and anyone who tried to vote twice would be immediately flagged. Their only other option, if they insisted that they hadn't voted yet, would be to cast a provisional ballot, which would be investigated by election officials and never counted if it was confirmed that the person had already voted. Duncan said she was unaware of any specific complaints of double voting in the Nov 6 election. In short, InfoWars is alleging voting fraud by Democrats in Maryland based on the  of a single anonymous caller who says he overheard a comment that was casually made in public under circumstances that, even if accurately interpreted, don't implicate any particular political party. Because the  is absent of real , we rate it !
Statement: 15,000 troops will not see their families for #Thanksgiving because of @realDonaldTrump's Scaravan Stunt. Oh yeah, it's also costing you 200 million dollars.
Speaker: eric swalwell
About the speaker: Eric Swalwell is a representative of California’s 15th Congressional District. Swalwell has represented the district since 2013. He received his bachelor’s degree in government and politics from the University of Maryland, College Park and a J.D. from the University of Maryland School of Law. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in July.
Date: November 12, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;military
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Swalwell said "15,000 troops will not see their families for #Thanksgiving because of @realDonaldTrump’s Scaravan Stunt. Oh yeah, it’s also costing you 200 million dollars." Trump floated deploying between 10,000 and 15,000 troops to protect the border. But the Defense Department estimates they will deploy a maximum of 7,000 troops through Dec. 15. That’s in addition to the 2,100 National Guardsmen who have been there since April. The cost of deployment has not been made public by the Defense Department, but Swalwell cited news stories placing the estimate near $200 million. Given the current troop numbers, the cost might be closer to between $119 and $129 million. That’s still pretty high. We rate this statement .
Statement: You see the Nazi platform from the early 1930s ... look at it compared to the (Democratic Party) platform of today, you're saying, 'Man, those things are awfully similar.'
Speaker: donald trump jr.
About the speaker: Donald Trump Jr. is the son of President Donald Trump and his former wife Ivana Trump.
Date: August 1, 2018
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: an interview with One America News Network
Fact-check justification: Trump Jr. said, "You see the Nazi platform from the early 1930s ... look at it compared to the (Democratic Party) platform of today, you're saying, 'Man, those things are awfully similar,' to a point where it's actually scary." Only a small number of elements of the two platforms are clearly similar, and those are so uncontroversial that they appear in the Republican platform as well. The vast majority of planks in the Nazi platform not only don’t appear in the Democratic platform, but are wholly antithetical to it. We rate this .
Statement: Harambe received 15,000 votes in the presidential election.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 9, 2016
Topics: elections;fake news;punditfact
Context: articles on the Internet and social media posts
Fact-check justification: The day after the presidential election, bloggers took to social media to share stories claiming Harambe received thousands of votes in this year’s presidential election. The claims are a hoax. Most of those stories were written the day after the election, and any write-in votes for Harambe wouldn’t have been counted. Moreover, more than half of states require write-in candidates file paperwork in advance of the election, while another nine don’t even permit write-in candidates. We rate this  ! https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/a101f410-03bf-4c11-8bd5-6398bfe4873c
Statement: Says Marco Rubio "has a 98 percent voting record with the Koch brothers.
Speaker: patrick murphy
About the speaker: Patrick Murphy won his first seat in 2012 for the U.S. House of Representatives representing District 18 in Florida. Murphy lost a U.S. Senate race against Marco Rubio in 2016. 
Date: October 27, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: voting record
Context: a U.S. Senate debate
Fact-check justification: Murphy said Rubio "votes 98 percent of the time with the Koch brothers." Murphy is citing a scorecard given out by AFP, a group funded by the Koch brothers. The duo is clearly involved in this group, but it should be noted that the brothers have not held office, voted or have direct influence over the votes that are analyzed on the AFP scorecard. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate Murphy’s statement .
Statement: Takes credit for "substantially reducing the size of the state workforce.
Speaker: george allen
About the speaker: George Allen was a U.S. senator from 2001-2007. He was governor of Virginia from 1994-1998.
Date: August 22, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: jobs
Context: campaign literature
Fact-check justification: It is important to note that as the number of state employees fell under Allen, Virginia’s reliance on private contractors rose. We can’t say how many of the departed bureaucrats went back to work for the state government -- albeit indirectly -- as private consultants. Those records don’t exist. So we struggle to call Allen’s reduction substantial. We rate his statement .
Statement: The WHO coronavirus test "was a bad test.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 17, 2020
Location: national
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a White House press conference
Fact-check justification: Trump said that the coronavirus test used by WHO "was a bad test." In the lab, the test was found to produce neither  positives nor negatives. The White House produced no  that the test under-performed. We rate this  .
Statement: Says that like Todd Akin, all Texas Republicans in U.S. House cosponsored a bill "that attempts to distinguish between 'forcible rape' and other sexual assaults.
Speaker: lone star project
About the speaker: The Lone Star Project describes itself as "providing fact-based political and legislative analysis designed to help individuals, organizations and the press see beyond the rhetoric and misinformation typically provided by the current Republican State Leadership in Texas and Texas Republicans in Washington... The Lone Star Project is organized as an activity of the Lone Star Fund, which is a federal political action committee registered with the Federal Elections Commission."
Date: August 23, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: crime
Context: a political action committee report
Fact-check justification: Except for Culberson in 2011, all Texas Republicans in the House cosponsored versions of the legislation using the word "forcible." But, absent from the PAC’s  is the fact that two Texas Democrats cosponsored the 2010 proposal, which dampens the suggestion that Republicans alone were committing to placing "forcible" rape into the proposal. And though the PAC said the "bill ... attempts to distinguish between ‘forcible rape’ and other sexual assaults," redefining rape was not the proposal’s purpose. Also, its author agreed to delete the term when critics singled it out. We rate the statement .
Statement: The health care bill will subsidize families of four that make more than $80,000 a year.
Speaker: orrin hatch
About the speaker: Orrin Hatch is a Republican senator from Utah.
Date: March 21, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on CNN's State of the Union
Fact-check justification: "So families that include older adults could face very high premiums relative to their incomes, even at 400 percent of the poverty level, making it unaffordable for such families to purchase coverage without a subsidy." All of this helps explain the rationale for why a family earning $88,200 might need federal assistance. But it doesn't undermine the validity of Hatch's point. Starting in 2014, the health care bill will indeed "subsidize ... families of four that make over $80,000 a year." So we rate Hatch's statement .
Statement: Romneycare sent costs spiraling out of control" in Massachusetts, "hiking premiums, squeezing household budgets.
Speaker: winning our future
About the speaker: Winning Our Future is a Super PAC supporting Newt Gingrich for president in 2012.
Date: January 24, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: health care;message machine 2012
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The Massachusetts health plan expanded coverage to many people who didn’t have insurance before, and that did cost the state and federal government money. Also, consumers saw increases in their health care costs. But there’s little to show that the health plan Romney signed as governor caused the increased costs that affected household budgets. In recent years, health care costs have been rising around the country, and Massachusetts is not exempt. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says James Clapper "and virtually everyone else" said "there is no collusion" in the Russia investigation findings.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 12, 2017
Location: national
Topics: elections;homeland security
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "When James Clapper himself, and virtually everyone else with knowledge of the witch hunt, says there is no collusion, when does it end?" Some of the public statements by those with knowledge of the FBI investigation do not support Trump’s  that "virtually everyone" privy to the probe says there’s no  of collusion. While Comey has not described specific , he has confirmed that sufficient credible information exists for the FBI to consider the Russia probe a high enough priority to warrant an investigation. As for Clapper’s statement, it’s apparent Trump has twisted the former DNI’s words to make it appear as if he’s ruled out the possibility that  exists showing the Trump campaign colluded with Russian interlopers during the 2016 election. But Clapper’s statement was that he had no knowledge of collusion -- not that collusion didn’t occur. Clapper has since stated that his capacity as DNI would not necessarily give him the kind of access to the FBI investigation that one would need in order to determine whether or not  of collusion exists. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: In 2011, Milwaukee Public Schools "will provide 77 cents in employee benefits for every dollar it spends on wages.
Speaker: bob donovan
About the speaker: Bob Donovan is a Milwaukee alderman, representing a district on the city's south side.  He was elected to the Common Council in 2000. In July 2014 he declared himself a candidate for mayor of Milwaukee in the 2016 election.
Date: September 29, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: In calling on Milwaukee Public Schools to file for bankruptcy, Milwaukee Alderman Bob Donovan said that for every $1 MPS will spend in 2011 on wages, it will spend another 77 cents on benefits. The figure was off a bit, since he used an early estimate -- the actual number is 74 cents. And it’s a little confusing for taxpayers, since it rolls in costs related to retirees, not just current employees. But his larger point -- that MPS pays a lot more in benefits than other local governments pay -- is on the money. We rate Donovan’s  .
Statement: The estimated savings of this (debt ceiling) deal only pay for half of the cost of extending all of the Bush-era tax cuts for another decade.
Speaker: bobby scott
About the speaker: Bobby Scott, D-3rd, has been a member of the U.S. House of Representatives since 1993. The district is comprised of all of Charles City and Surry counties and Petersburg and Portsmouth and portions of Henrico and Prince George counties and Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk and Richmond. Scott has seats on the Judiciary and Education and Labor committees.
Scott previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1979-83 and in the state Senate in 1983-93. He was a member of the National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve. He was a lawyer in a private practice from 1973-91.
Scott was born in Washington, D.C. He earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., in 1969 and a law degree from Boston College in 1973.
Date: August 1, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: That means the spending cuts would equal 53.8 percent of the Bush tax cut costs through the end of the decade. It’s questionable whether the divided Congress will agree on a bipartisan package of spending cuts and revenue increases to achieve the maximum $2.4 trillion goal in debt savings. If it does, the savings over the decade would equal 61.5 percent of the cost of extending the Bush tax cuts. But three analysts said Scott’s use of the $2.1 trillion figure is solid. His  lands close to a moving bull’s-eye and we rate it .
Statement: New data shows that death is proportional to dose" for COVID-19.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 4, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post states: "New data shows that death is proportional to dose" for COVID-19. Research shows the unvaccinated are far more likely to die from COVID-19, and that there is no clear  that COVID-19 vaccines have caused any deaths in the U.S. We rate the post .
Statement: The number of people who "believe in socialism ... is increasing.
Speaker: ben carson
About the speaker: Dr. Ben Carson is President Donald Trump's secretary for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. A retired pediatric neurosurgeon, Carson ran as a Republican for president in 2016. He owns homes in West Palm Beach and Maryland.
Date: August 16, 2015
Location: national
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Carson said the number of people who "believe in socialism ... is increasing." There has been sparse polling over the years about what the public thinks of socialism, so experts told us to be cautious about the numbers that do exist. However, there are suggestions in the polling data that younger Americans are more open to the idea of socialism, which they equate with European social programs and Nordic-style social democracies.  We rate his  .
Statement: Houston suffered $1.7 billion in operating losses under Mayor Bill White.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: September 15, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: economy;message machine 2010;taxes
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: "That means revenues had to be bigger than expenditures for operations" during those years, McLain said. Summing up: The $1.7 billion figure for net operating losses in White's time as mayor has a basis in fact; the city's net assets did decline by that amount on his watch, though changes in accounting practices also drove up the number. Problematically, using a single private-sector measure to gauge overall financial performance in the public sector doesn't necessarily produce conclusive results. Houston's accumulated "changes in net assets" by themselves are an incomplete reflection of the city's fiscal health while White was mayor; the $1.7 billion figure may even be meaningless in this regard. We rate Perry's statement .
Statement: Kirk "Cox joined special interests to deny teachers raises.
Speaker: sheila bynum-coleman
About the speaker: Sheila Bynum-Coleman, a Democrat, is a 2019 candidate for the Virginia House of Delegates' 66th District seat. She is running against Speaker Kirk Cox, a Republican first elected to the House in 1990. She is a real estate agent and small business owner.
Bynum-Coleman is the mother of five and a graduate of the L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs at Virginia Commonwealth University.
 
 
Date: September 5, 2019
Location: virginia
Topics: education;income
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Bynum-Coleman’s TV ad says "Cox joined special interests to deny teachers raises."  She had to temporarily pull the ad because it claimed Cox voted against a 2013 state budget with a teacher raise when, actually he supported it. Bynum-Coleman’s corrected ad offers three citations to back her , all of them at least seven years old. Two concern the death of bills in the House Appropriations Committee where Cox was a member, One in 2005, would have set an open-ended  goal to raise teacher salaries to the national average; the other would have let school boards spend surpluses in 2013 for a one-time bonus. The third source is two confusing sentences in a 2008 editorial.  Cox says he doesn’t remember any of these occasions and it would be nice if he did. None of Bynum’s  of leads to a recorded vote although Cox, if he followed form, was likely to have gone along with the committee’s Republican majority. And none of her  centers on Cox’s actions when there was money on the table for salary increases. There have been seven budgets since 2005 that raised teacher salaries and Cox voted for each one. Two other times, he supported budgets with pay raises, and a year later voted with the General Assembly to rescind them before they took effect because of flagging state revenues. All told, Cox’s record matches the legislature’s since 2005. He voted for nine teacher pay hikes and twice to later cancel them.    Bynum-Coleman offers no proof for her charge Cox joined special interests to stop teacher raises. When you combine this with the erroneous sourcing on her first ad - still posted on her Twitter page - Bynum-Coleman’s full  is unsubstantiated.  We rate it .
Statement: The proposed Gogebic mine in northern Wisconsin "could be extended as long as 21 miles.
Speaker: dan kaufman
About the speaker: Musician and writer Dan Kaufman is a Wisconsin native now living in Brooklyn, N.Y. He works as a freelance fact checker for the New York Times.
 
Date: March 29, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment
Context: an opinion article
Fact-check justification: And that’s only if the company decides it’s worth the effort. Yourdictionary.com says: "The definition of ‘could’ is often used in the place of ‘can’ to show a little doubt." But there’s more than a little doubt here. Kaufman’s statement may be partially , but it leaves out important information and details. That’s our definition of .
Statement: Annual precipitation "has increased in Rhode Island by over 12 inches in the last century.
Speaker: david cicilline
About the speaker: David Cicilline was elected to the 1st Congressional District in 2010. Before that, he was mayor of Providence, beginning in January, 2003. A Brown University graduate, he received his law degree from Georgetown University Law Center.
Date: May 1, 2015
Location: rhode island
Topics: climate change;history;science;weather
Context: The Providence Journal
Fact-check justification: In summary, David Cicilline said annual precipitation "has increased in Rhode Island by over 12 inches in the last century." Reliable but slightly out-of-date sources back him up. The 100-year increase we calculated going through 2014 is just a tenth of an inch shy of 12 inches, but the difference between that and being slightly over 12 inches is just a few drops in the bucket. Thus, we rate the  as  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Says that except for foreign policy, Ron Paul's voting record and his voting record are virtually identical.
Speaker: paul broun
About the speaker: U.S. House Rep. Paul Broun, a Republican, is from Athens. He represents Georgia's 10th congressional district.
Date: February 13, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: voting record
Context: a fundraiser letter
Fact-check justification: Broun said except for foreign policy, his voting record and Ron Paul’s voting record were virtually identical. The men’s congressional terms overlapped from 2007 to January 2013. During that time, PolitiFact Georgia found that the congressmen’s votes differed just 6 percent of the time after the foreign policy exclusion. We rated Broun’s statement . Staff writer Karishma Mehrotra contributed to this article.
Statement: Says to leave objects in the sun to avoid contracting the coronavirus.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 25, 2020
Topics: environment;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: There isn’t  that leaving items in the sun can protect you from contracting the coronavirus. The best way to avoid COVID-19 is to wash your hands with soap and water, avoid touching your face, disinfect surfaces in your home daily and avoid close contact with people. We rate the Facebook statement .
Statement: Every county in the state of Texas has a veterans court.
Speaker: dave griffith
About the speaker: Dave Griffith is a Republican state representative from Missouri.
Date: February 12, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: health care;legal issues;veterans
Context: a hearing
Fact-check justification: Griffith said, "Every county in the state of Texas has a veterans court." Based on data for veterans courts, Texas does not have anywhere near 254 veterans courts, the number of counties in the state. We rate the  .