chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Not one American flag on the massive stage at the Democratic National Convention until people started complaining- then a small one. Pathetic.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 27, 2016
Location: national
Topics: patriotism
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said on Twitter, "Not one American flag on the massive stage at the Democratic National Convention until people started complaining-then a small one. Pathetic." A huge video board prominently displayed the American flag during the first day. The proof is in the photos. And a physical flag made an appearance during the National Anthem. But Trump has a point that physical flags (plural) appear to have been added to the stage for the second day of the Democratic National Convention, after some stories reported the lack of flags. Trump is partially accurate. We rate the  . Update: After we published, and thanks to a reader, we came across photos from the day before the convention, July 24, that showed flags on the wings of the stage. Here is a photo of the flags from Josh Haner of the New York Times: So the flags were in place before the convention started and removed for the first day ... but reappeared on July 26. We still haven't heard back from the DNC explaining what happened. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/2e8e3eb1-ed26-4a7c-95e7-20a6725bd03b
Statement: On immigration, what reports say President Barack Obama "plans to do is roughly on the same scale" as what President George H.W. Bush did.
Speaker: rachel maddow
About the speaker: Rachel Maddow is the host of MSNBC’s “The Rachel Maddow Show”. She formerly hosted a radio program of the same name on the defunct Air America network.
Date: November 17, 2014
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of MSNBC's "The Rachel Maddow Show"
Fact-check justification: Maddow said Obama’s proposed executive action on immigration policy is roughly on the same scale as one taken by Bush. Both measures unilaterally lifted or would lift the risk of deportation for certain undocumented immigrants. Current estimates of the impact of Obama’s policy are that it would touch about 40 percent of the undocumented population. In 1990, administration estimates of how many people might be affected by Bush’s policy were also in the neighborhood of 40 percent. Estimates at the low end of the scale would have pushed it well below 40 percent. There is some uncertainty here because the 1.5 million number, though widely reported at the time, did bounce around. But the Bush administration seemed to think it was offering a significant, wide-scale program at the time. So we rate Maddow’s statement .
Statement: Says Pete Gallego canceled a "planned meeting with the families of Sandy Hook victims.
Speaker: roland gutierrez
About the speaker: Roland Gutierrez, a San Antonio lawyer, was elected to the Texas House in a May 2008 special election. He ran in a July 2018 special election to represent Texas Senate District 19.
Date: July 18, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: congress;guns
Context: a campaign email blast
Fact-check justification: Gutierrez said Gallego as a U.S. House member "canceled a planned meeting with the families of Sandy Hook victims." This  proved factually incomplete. Interviews and photographs demonstrate that Gallego postponed yet held the meeting at issue. The gathering took place a few hours or possibly a day after it was originally penciled in. We rate the  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says King Street Patriots held a fundraiser featuring an author who believes that registering the poor to vote is un-American.
Speaker: boyd richie
About the speaker: Boyd Richie served three terms as chairman of the Texas Democratic Party. He did not seek re-election in 2012.
Date: November 15, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: elections;poverty;welfare
Context: an email blast
Fact-check justification: They have been described as driving forces behind the 1993 motor-voter law; Cloward’s obituary in The New York Times noted that he and his wife were invited to the White House when President Bill Clinton signed the bill into law. The Times story also mentions a 1966 article that the pair wrote for the Nation magazine calling for a massive drive to recruit the poor onto the voter rolls as a means of forcing radical welfare reform. The Times describes the article as "perhaps (the couple's) most controversial writing," saying it "helped to foster the emergence of a more militant welfare rights movement, including the occupation of welfare offices in many cities and other acts of civil disobedience." Our ruling: The guest speaker at the Nov. 14 King Street Patriots event wrote an article suggesting that registering the poor to vote is un-American, further likening the registration of welfare recipients to offering burglary tools to criminals (though Richie did not mention this aspect). We rate Richie’s statement .
Statement: While (women) represent 47 percent of the overall work force, we only make up 23 percent of STEM-related occupations.
Speaker: ivanka trump
About the speaker: Ivanka Trump is an American businesswoman and the daughter of and assistant to President Donald Trump.
Date: June 12, 2017
Location: national
Topics: jobs;science;women
Context: an interview on "Fox & Friends"
Fact-check justification: Ivanka Trump said, "While (women) represent 47 percent of the overall work force, we only make up 23 percent of STEM-related occupations." She’s right on the first figure, and she’s close on the second, according to the most recent comprehensive data. But because she’s a few percentage points off on the latter figure, we rate her statement .
Statement: Says Jeff Foxworthy wrote a 'fence test' for Republicans and Democrats.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 27, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "I would just like to clear the air and say it was not created by me. It is nothing close to my beliefs, and someone just slapped my name on it." We rate this Facebook post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: The U.S. spends "57 cents on the dollar on defense.
Speaker: ilhan omar
About the speaker: Ilhan Omar is a Democratic congresswoman representing Minnesota's 5th congressional district, which includes parts of Minneapolis and surrounding municipalities.
Date: December 1, 2019
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Omar said the U.S. spends "57 cents on the dollar on defense." Overall, defense accounts for about 15% of the federal budget. Her figure is roughly in the ballpark when considering only discretionary federal spending, but she did not say that. We rate Omar’s statement .
Statement: Under President Barack Obama, "We've got the lowest labor force participation in over three decades, since 1978.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: January 26, 2014
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: an interview on CBS' "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: Cruz said, "We’ve got the lowest labor force participation in over three decades, since 1978." We’re pretty confident Obama isn’t asking Cruz for State of the Union talking points, and he’s especially not interested in one that may suggest today’s economic policies aren’t working. Cruz has his statistics right. But we’ll note at least part of the trend has been years in the making and appears strongly tied to the inevitable aging of the baby boomer population. In other words, it’s not all Obama’s fault, and it’s not going to change the minute he leaves office. We rate Cruz’s statement  .
Statement: 1.3-million people in America make their living off eBay.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: October 7, 2008
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Nashville, Tenn
Fact-check justification: But that includes many who made just a few bucks – not a living. We examined this issue before , when McCain said 50,000 Americans made their living off eBay. The company told us it didn't know where he got that number, but we gave him a  because we couldn't be certain he was . This time, his number is more than a million higher, and not even conceivably . McCain bought himself a .
Statement: Ted Budd voted to cut Medicare and Social Security and voted to raise the retirement age, too.
Speaker: senate majority pac
About the speaker: Senate Majority PAC is a super PAC that works to elect Democrats to the U.S. Senate.
Date: October 24, 2022
Location: north carolina
Topics: medicare;social security
Context: a political ad
Fact-check justification: The Senate Majority PAC says "Ted Budd voted to cut Medicare and Social Security and voted to raise the retirement age, too." Budd supported a proposal that would have retooled Social Security and, years from its implementation, would have provided some Americans with fewer benefits than recipients are currently offered. He also voted against a bill that protected Medicare from scheduled cuts. However, the ad ignores that the proposed Social Security changes were not immediate. It also overlooks key details of Budd’s vote last December: he voted against a bill that raised the debt ceiling and staved off cuts to Medicare.  The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Says of flood of non-Mexicans being apprehended at the border: "These are people that are coming from states like Syria that have substantial connections back to terrorist regimes and terrorist operations.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: June 17, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;terrorism
Context: an interview on Fox & Friends
Fact-check justification: Speaking of a flood of immigrants from countries other than Mexico being apprehended at the U.S-Mexico border, Perry said, "These are people that are coming from states like Syria that have substantial connections back to terrorist regimes and terrorist operations." The latest available data show that less than 5 percent of "other than Mexican" apprehensions in the last two completed federal fiscal years involved people from U.S.-designated terrorist states or safe havens. Perry, in contrast, placed all such people being apprehended by U.S. border officials into that category, a conclusion neither the governor or the agency described as his source backed up with . We rate this  as !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: When he (Donald Trump) asked Florida to have casino gambling, we said no.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: September 16, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: campaign finance;gambling
Context: the CNN debate
Fact-check justification: Bush said of Trump, "When he asked Florida to have casino gambling, we said no." We didn’t find that Trump directly petitioned the state for gambling, but there’s a pile of  that Trump was pursuing a deal to operate casinos on Seminole land in Florida. And at the same time, Trump gave money to Bush and the state party during Bush’s 1998 race for governor. Trump said it was "totally " that he sought casino gambling and failed, but we find that Bush has the better part of this fight. We rate Bush’s statement .
Statement: In Texas, schools do not even have to teach sex education.
Speaker: pat carlson
About the speaker: Pat Carlson is a former president of the Texas Eagle Forum, a right-leaning group whose "mission is to enable conservative and pro-family men and women to participate in the process of self-government and public policy-making so that America will continue to be a land of individual liberty, respect for family integrity, public and private virtue, and private enterprise."
Date: March 11, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: an e-mail
Fact-check justification: Its spokesman, Jerry Strickland, declined, saying: "We don't provide legal opinions lightly; because of that, this would truly be an issue for TEA." When we asked Anderson plainly if schools are required to teach sex education, he said: "It's not a yes or no answer." How's this for clarity? If the responsible state agency cannot answer "yes," there is no requirement.  We rate Carlson's statement as .
Statement: The film and TV industry supports more than 24,000 direct jobs and pays local workers more than $1.68 billion in wages in Georgia.
Speaker: motion picture association of america
About the speaker: The Motion Picture Association of America advocates for the motion picture, home video and television industries and is made up of representatives from Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures; Paramount Pictures Corporation; Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc.; Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation; Universal City Studios LLC; and Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.
Date: June 8, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: jobs
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The MPAA released data this week to bolster its lobbying to fast-track a trade deal that would open more of Asia to its content. It claimed the industry supported 24,000 direct jobs and paid workers more than $1.68 billion in the Peach State in 2013. Federal data confirms nearly all of the job figures and payroll, many of which have been reduced from the official headcount. The MPAA overreaches in deciding movie theater workers such as ushers are industry workers, versus retail employees. But those jobs would likely be outweighed by freelance workers on production sets, which the MPAA did not count in its tally. We rate the group’s  .
Statement: Rhode Island Treasurer Gina Raimondo "raised the mortality rate from 65 to 87" and "used a 1994 annuity chart" to create the pension crisis.
Speaker: paul valletta
About the speaker: Paul Valletta Jr. is a firefighter and a lobbyist for the Rhode Island State Association of Firefighters.
Date: October 27, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: deficit;pensions;retirement;state budget;unions
Context: testimony at a General Assembly pension hearing
Fact-check justification: Union official Paul Valletta said General Treasurer Gina Raimondo created the pension crisis when she, in part, used an outdated annuity chart and "raised the mortality rate from 65 to 87" even though life expectancy (as calculated by Social Security) is actually 78. First, the life expectancy for state workers wasn't 65 when the vote to raise it was taken. It was 82 to 88 (depending on the group). Second, the board didn't bump the life expectancy up by 22 years. It increased it by 0.3 to 1.1 years, depending on the group, to provide a funding cushion in case life expectancies continue to go up. Finally, Raimondo didn’t make that decision on her own. She was one vote on the 15-member retirement board, which she chairs. (The board voted 9-6 last April to approve the new life expectancies and lower the expected rate of return on the pension fund’s investment. Only one of the seven public employee representatives voted in the majority.) Valletta's statement includes a grain of  -- a 1994 actuarial table was previously used in the calculations and 78 years is close to the Social Security estimates for overall life expectancy for the entire state. But he has omitted crucial facts and chooses to disbelieve the actual data that leads to a very different conclusion. We rate his statement  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Savannah is home to "the fastest-growing port in the nation.
Speaker: casey cagle
About the speaker: Casey Cagle, a Republican, is the lieutenant governor of Georgia
Date: January 19, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;transportation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Among the big dogs of American ports, it appears the Savannah port is the nation’s fastest-growing port. But some smaller ports could argue that they are growing at a faster rate. Experts are also careful to say Savannah is the nation's fastest-growing container port. PolitiFact Georgia thinks the lieutenant governor has a strong argument, but we must include the caveat of some of these smaller ports. We rate Cagle’s statement as .
Statement: Dwayne 'The Rock' (Johnson) Has Officially Filed For The 2020 Presidential Campaign
Speaker: rearfront.com
About the speaker: Rearfront.com is a website that spreads viral news.
Date: August 9, 2017
Topics: campaign finance;elections;fake news;punditfact
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: That explanation squares with what Tilford had earlier told several other news outlets that he has not talked to Johnson himself. According to his LinkedIn page , Tilford graduated from Knox College in 2012 and has worked on campaigns in New Jersey and Louisiana. He was also a field organizer for Barack Obama’s 2012 presidential campaign in Clayton County, Iowa. We did not hear back from two representatives of Johnson’s camp. As for the headline’s message that The Rock is locked in for 2020, we rate that statement .
Statement: The Biden family is so heavily invested in oil and energy in other countries.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 2, 2021
Topics: candidate biography;energy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An image widely shared on Facebook said: "The Biden family is so heavily invested in oil and energy in other countries." The latest financial disclosure filed by President Biden and the first lady show no direct investments in foreign oil or energy. Other family members are not required to file such disclosures and so the extent of their personal investments is not known.  Joe Biden’s son Hunter and his brother James have past financial ties to foreign energy interests. The statement is unsupported. It contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate the post .
Statement: McCain used to buck his party on immigration by fighting for comprehensive reform. . . . But when he was running for his party's nomination, he . . . said that he wouldn't even support his own legislation if it came up for a vote.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 8, 2008
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Washington, D.C
Fact-check justification: However, Obama is laying it on thick in stating McCain bucked his party in crafting the original plan. The immigration plans McCain championed were a priority of the Bush administration and Republican leaders in the Senate. To be sure, they infuriated grass-roots conservatives, who constitute a core GOP constituency and have long been critical of McCain's position on a host of issues. But in this case, Obama may be giving McCain too much credit for being a maverick in order to make the about-face more dramatic. Still, because McCain essentially disavowed his original comprehensive immigration proposal and said repeatedly he would focus on border security as president, we judge Obama's statement .
Statement: Pennsylvania judge allows ballots to count that are received up until November 14th.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 8, 2022
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Some Republicans sued the city of Philadelphia after election officials said they would carry out that process after the vote count to accelerate vote tallying, The Philadelphia Inquirer reported .   A judge criticized election officials for that decision but said it was too close to Election Day to order them to reinstate the process. Nevertheless, Philadelphia’s city commissioners voted on the morning of Election Day to do so anyway. But none of this had any bearing on the deadline for mail-in ballots, which remained Nov. 8. Claims that a Pennsylvania judge said ballots received up until Nov. 14 could be counted are .
Statement: The MOB in PA was HIRED by the Biden team to create fake ballots by the thousands!!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 17, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks;pennsylvania
Context: a Live video
Fact-check justification: Merlino’s lawyer denied his client was part of any voter fraud scheme in Pennsylvania.   "My client categorically denies all the allegations and Joey would rather die than ever be a snitch," John Meringolo told the New York Daily News . We reached out to the Biden transition team for a comment, but we haven’t heard back. The Facebook post is  and makes a  . We rate it !
Statement: In New York, "Average college debt - $30,000 per student.
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: January 3, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: debt;education
Context: an announcement
Fact-check justification: Cuomo said the average college debt for those who borrowed for college in New York state is "$30,000 per student." Cuomo gets it right, according to the Institute for College Access & Success, which analyzed debt for 2015 graduates in New York State. And his  is about what the Federal Reserve Bank of New York calculates for all New York state consumers with college debt. We rate his  as .