chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Under the ruling of the Supreme Court, any lobbyist could go into any legislator and say, if you don't vote our way on this bill, we're going to run a million-dollar campaign against you in your district.
Speaker: david axelrod
About the speaker: David Axelrod is a former senior adviser to President Barack Obama. He is now an analyst for NBC News.
Date: March 14, 2010
Location: national
Topics: corporations;elections
Context: an interview on ABC's This Week
Fact-check justification: Based on our discussions with experts, we'd characterize the Citizens United decision as something that opens the door to Axelrod's scenario wider than it had been, not a decision that makes the scenario possible for the first time.  Axelrod is correct that under Citizens United , making that kind of threat to a lawmaker is possible -- but by implying that Citizens United is what made it possible, his comment is somewhat . We found broad expert agreement that lobbyists had been legally able to make such threats even before the Citizens United ruling was handed down. As a result, we'd argue that Axelrod's example loses some of its relevance and urgency. So we rate Axelrod's statement .
Statement: Walgreens' position "has always been" to "dispense Mifepristone in any jurisdiction where it is legally permissible to do so.
Speaker: walgreens
About the speaker: Walgreens is an American company that operates the second-largest pharmacy store chain in the United States.
Date: March 6, 2023
Location: national
Topics: abortion;corrections and updates;legal issues;public health
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Walgreens said in a statement that its position has "always been" to "dispense mifepristone in any jurisdiction where it is legally permissible to do so." Walgreens told leaders in 21 states that it won’t dispense the drug in states wherewon't dispense the drug in their states and would only do so where legally permissible." But that list of states included four where abortion does remain legal — Alaska, Kansas, Iowa and Montana. However, those states have laws that restrict pharmacies like Walgreens from selling abortion pills, including requiring an in-person visit or an ultrasound, a doctor to provide the medication, or stipulating that only licensed physicians can perform abortions.  These types of restrictions are in effect in Alaska and Iowa and paused in the other two states amid litigation.  The blocked laws do not bar Walgreens and other pharmacies from dispensing the drug. But experts said Walgreens’ decision to withhold the drug in those states makes sense given the unsettled restrictions. Walgreens’ statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. .   RELATED: The top claims about abortion, fact-checked   RELATED: Ask PolitiFact: What would the end of Roe mean for access to abortion pill? Correction, March 20, 2023: A sentence in the "our ruling" section inaccurately summarized what Walgreens told leaders in 21 states. The story has been corrected; the rating is unchanged.
Statement: Rep. Peter Petrarca "voted on two pieces of legislation that helped auto body shops ... and at that point I think there is a conflict of interest.
Speaker: gregory j. costantino
About the speaker: Gregory J. Costantino was a candidate for District 44 of the Rhode Island General Assembly.
Date: August 12, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;ethics
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Gregory Costantino said during a recent "Newsmakers" broadcast that Rep. Peter Petrarca had in the past voted for two pieces of auto body shop legislation and therefore his actions amounted to a conflict of interest. The official legislative record shows Petrarca voted on the bills. And considering Petrarca's professional and personal connections to the auto body shop industry, his vote on them posed at least an appearance of conflict of interest. But whether the bills actually help body shops or consumers is debatable. Therefore we rate Costantino's :   .
Statement: Says Catherine Cortez Masto "was happy to line her own pockets with taxpayer dollars when state employees were slammed with frozen salaries.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: January 27, 2016
Location: nevada
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The NRSC said Cortez Masto "was happy to line her own pockets with taxpayer dollars when state employees were slammed with frozen salaries," but this is a highly  . The state increased Cortez Masto’s salary during a time of pay freezes for Nevada’s state workers. She was unable to legally reject the pay increase, so she donated $38,000 back to the state during her last four years in office. We rate the  .
Statement: The United States is "the only developed country in the world that has not cut its corporate tax rate.
Speaker: herman cain
About the speaker: Herman Cain is an author, columnist and talk radio host. Cain, a former pizza franchise CEO, ran for president as a Republican in 2012.
Date: February 11, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: corporations;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: He argues they should be lowered here in order for America to be competitive with the rest of the world. There is ample  that the U.S. is behind the curve on this front, but not everyone is cutting their rates. We find Cain’s statement, and the larger point he is trying to make, is on-point. But he omits important details in the quest to make that point. We rate his statement .
Statement: The No. 1 issue that the American people care about is getting America back to work.
Speaker: john cornyn
About the speaker: John Cornyn is a U.S. senator from Texas, former Texas attorney general and former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He earlier served as a Bexar County state district judge.
Date: January 20, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: economy;health care
Context: a televised interview
Fact-check justification: Thirty-eight percent of respondents said job creation and economic growth was the top priority . Thirteen percent chose national security/terrorism and 13 percent said the deficit and government spending. So the senator got it right. Americans consider jobs the No. 1 issue right now. We rate Cornyn’s statement .
Statement: Joe, I keep hearing you every morning talking about the biggest tax increase in history, but you don't mention it's also the biggest tax cut in history.''
Speaker: richard durbin
About the speaker: Dick Durbin in the senior U.S. senator from Illinois and the Democratic majority whip.
Date: March 24, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care;taxes
Context: a comment on the "Morning Joe'' show on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: But more than that, if you look at the net effect, the bill is a tax increase. In general, higher income people will pay more, lower income people will get more. In any case, even if you only looked at that side of the ledger, the side with $500 billion of tax credits over 10 years, that wouldn't be the largest tax cut in history. Durbin would have been closer to the  had he stuck to the president's script -- largest middle class tax cut for health care -- but we think even that is  because it ignores that the bill is an overall tax-raiser. But as Durbin even left those qualifiers out of his statement, that makes our call easy: It's .
Statement: Quotes Kamala Harris as saying: "After we impeach, we round up the Trump supporters.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 9, 2020
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The Trump Train Pro News story, like the  posts that came before it, lifts almost verbatim from an Aug. 7 satirical article on Bustatroll.org, a website known for publishing fictional content in the name of satire. The Bustatroll.org story shares the same headline, too. Some social media users were fooled into thinking the threat reported on Trump Train Pro News was real. It’s not. We rate this statement !
Statement: America has lost over 50,000 manufacturing factories on other trade deals.
Speaker: ed schultz
About the speaker: Ed Schultz is the host of the Ed Show on MSNBC.
Date: April 17, 2015
Topics: jobs;trade;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of MSNBC's "The Ed Show"
Fact-check justification: Schultz said that more than 50,000 manufacturing factories were lost due to trade deals. His numbers are up for some interpretation, depending on how you factor in the most recent recession. The recession itself exposes a flaw in Schultz’s math in that he blames trade deals for almost all of the decline in factories. But there is no question that worldwide economic events played the dominant role after 2008. Changes of technoogy also have played a role. This statement is partially accurate but leaves out many important details. We rate it .
Statement: Says Mandela Barnes supports killing "preemies" – "infants born prior to 37 weeks of pregnancy
Speaker: restoration pac
About the speaker: Suburan Chicago-based Restoration PAC is a super PAC that was formed in January 2015.
Date: September 28, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;elections;health care
Context: Digital ad
Fact-check justification: With the ad’s linguistic distortion aside, the underlying point is still vastly  when it comes to Barnes’ view.   Our ruling  A Restoration PAC ad claimed that Barnes supports killing "preemies," or "infants born prior to 37 weeks of pregnancy. "  There’s no  for the  that Barnes would support killing babies after birth — it is a wild accusation that the group itself has, apparently, backed off on. Even read more generously, the idea that Barnes would support abortion until birth misses the mark given what he has said about the issue.   We rate this  !
Statement: A gun "background check is futile. Something like 42 (people during the) last year … were prosecuted for trying to buy a gun with a criminal record out of 11 million.
Speaker: larry pratt
About the speaker: Larry Pratt has been executive director of Gun Owners of America for over 30 years, according to the group.
Date: December 15, 2013
Topics: punditfact;guns
Context: comments on Fox's "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Pratt said "the background check is futile. Something like 42 (people during the) last year of record were prosecuted for trying to buy a gun with a criminal record out of 11 million." He is a little off in his numbers, but they’re close. However, his statement also paints just a partial picture of the entire background check procedure and how authorities and gun sellers use it to keep criminals from purchasing weapons. To make a bold  like the system is "futile" and then leave out the thousands of individuals denied a firearm because of a background check is . We rate it .
Statement: The war in Iraq was a major factor in blowing "the top off the price of oil.
Speaker: jim webb
About the speaker: Jim Webb is running for president of the United States in 2016.
Webb, a Democrat, served as a U.S. senator from Virginia in 2007-13. He served as the first Assistant Secreatry of Defense for Reserve Affairs and Secretary of the Navy in the Ronald Reagan administration.
Webb is a 1968 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and served as a Marine Corps infantry officer until 1972 and saw action in the Vietnam War, for which he was awarded the Navy Cross, Silver Star, two Bronze Stars and two Purple Hearts.
Webb was born in Saint Joseph, Mo. He also has a law degree from Georgetown Law Center, Washington, D.C. He has written fiction and nonfictions books and won an Emmy award for his 1983 PBS coverage of the U.S. Marines in Beirut. He frequently writes opinion columns for many publications.
Date: February 3, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: energy
Context: a committee hearing
Fact-check justification: But both also said higher demand in China and other emerging economies, along with a surging global economy before the 2008 recession, were far more important factors. Global demand for oil has increased by 7.6 million barrels a day over the last decade -- more than three time Iraq’s peak output during that period. Webb is correct that the Invasion of Iraq had an effect on oil prices, especially immediately after the invasion. But rising demand from China and other developing nations played a far more important role over the course of the past eight years. We find his statement is .
Statement: Meghan Markle wasn't allowed to attend Queen Elizabeth II's funeral.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 17, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A quick online search reveals plenty of news reports and photos of Markle at the queen’s funeral and no word about a supposed "last order" denying her the opportunity to attend.   "Prince Harry and Meghan Markle occupied highly visible spots at the state funeral for Queen Elizabeth II" on Sept. 19, Time reported . Markle wore a pair of diamond-and pearl stud earrings gifted to her by the queen, Harper's Bazaar said . People noted that Markle wiped away a tear as she shared a "sweet moment with Princess Charlotte," her niece, at the funeral.   We rate claims that she wasn’t there .
Statement: Says Pope Francis said, "You cannot call yourself 'Catholic' and vote Democrat. It is a grave sin, one for which there is no redemption.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 26, 2019
Topics: religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  Republican and Democratic Catholics both used to admire Pope Francis, according to Pew, but he’s become an increasingly polarizing figure in the church. Democrats and Democratic-leaning Catholics view him more favorably than Republicans and Republican-leaning Catholics. Republican Catholics are much more likely than Democratic Catholics to say he’s "too liberal" and "naive." Most Catholic Democrats say he’s doing an excellent or good job of spreading the Catholic faith.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says Thai police found bodies of children with their organs removed.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 28, 2019
Topics: children;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said a photo of rows of dead children showed the victims of organ trafficking. The picture comes from Syria in 2013 after a deadly chemical weapons attack. The  connection to organ trafficking dates back to 2016. We rate this .
Statement: Says Paul Ryan's budget would turn Medicare into a "voucher.
Speaker: robert menendez
About the speaker: Robert Menendez, a Democrat, has been serving as one of New Jersey's U.S. Senators since January 2006. Menendez previously served as a member of the House of Representatives.
Date: October 4, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: medicare
Context: a debate on NJTV
Fact-check justification: In a debate Thursday against Kyrillos, Menendez claimed Ryan’s budget would turn Medicare into a "voucher." It’s accurate that Ryan’s plan, starting in 2023, would provide premium support payments for new beneficiaries to purchase private insurance or a plan that acts like traditional Medicare. The term "voucher" generally describes this approach. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: A record number of immigrants not from Mexico are "being apprehended at the border.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: June 17, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;crime
Context: an interview on Fox & Friends
Fact-check justification: Perry said a record number of immigrants not from Mexico are "being apprehended at the border." We didn’t come up with apprehension figures for every year through history. But available figures show the Border Patrol apprehended more people from countries other than Mexico along the border through the first eight months of fiscal 2014 than it apprehended in any of the preceding 17 years. We rate Perry's statement as .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The United States is "seeing greater income inequality now than any time since the 1920s.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 16, 2008
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Philadephia
Fact-check justification: Piketty and Saez found that economic inequality grew further by 2005. That year, the top 1 percent of Americans — people with incomes of more than $348,000 — received their largest share of national income since 1928. Critics may argue whether this change in income distribution is significant or not, or what it's underlying causes are. Earlier in this campaign, Hillary Clinton argued that George W. Bush was to blame, a statement we found only  . But the numbers show that income inequality is at a record high since the 1920s, so we find Obama's statement to be .
Statement: A bird pooped on Joe Biden during his speech" in Iowa.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 12, 2022
Location: iowa
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook  said that a bird did its business on Biden’s jacket while the president was delivering a speech in Iowa. Something did stain the president’s suit during his speech, but it was distillers grains, according to reporters in the room and the White House. A video clearly shows particles flying around from a giant, nearby grain pile. We rate this  .
Statement: The largest U.S. companies would owe $620 billion in U.S. taxes on the cash they store in tax havens.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: April 6, 2016
Location: national
Topics: corporations;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that if American multinational corporations had to pay taxes on the profits they made overseas, they would owe $620 billion. This is at the high end of the estimates we collected. Sanders also described the overseas holdings as cash. According to one expert we reached, a lot of that money might be invested in factories and other hard infrastructure and might not be available for tax collections. Still, the mid-range estimate from credible sources is in the $500 billion to $550 billion range. All the numbers cited were relatively high. We rate Sanders’ estimate .
Statement: Says revenues "are actually up after tax reform.
Speaker: don bacon
About the speaker: Don Bacon is the Republican U.S. Rep. for Nebraska's 2nd Congressional District.
Date: October 16, 2018
Location: national
Topics: deficit;federal budget;taxes
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Bacon defended the tax law by dismissing projections that it will add to the deficit, saying that revenues "are actually up after tax reform." Revenues did increase by 0.4 percent, but this historically small increase disappears once inflation is factored in. In addition, any causal link between this small revenue growth and the new tax law is dubious, since during the months in which the new law predominated, revenues were actually down. The Bacon campaign told us he meant to say that individual tax revenues have gone up, not revenues overall. Still, he didn’t specify that to viewers. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says President Joe Biden was recorded talking about bank collapse.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: March 15, 2023
Location: national
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: In this case, it surfaces only TikTok results, which is a pretty good indication it can be ignored," Caulfield said. A TikTok video claims Biden was recorded talking about the Silicon Valley Bank collapse. The White House said the audio clip is inauthentic and an expert said it’s . The expert’s forensic analysis showed that the voice was machine-generated.   We rate this  !
Statement: Says North Carolina bill to require in-person learning is "stripping out some of the health protocols that are in place.
Speaker: roy cooper
About the speaker: Roy Cooper, a Democrat, is the governor of North Carolina. Previously he was the attorney general, a state senator and a state representative.
Date: February 2, 2021
Location: north carolina
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Cooper said a Republican bill that would require counties to enact in-person learning is "stripping out some of the health protocols that are in place." He’s right that the bill would "strip" school boards of the ability to offer remote learning exclusively. Also, if the bill is enacted and local school boards opt for Plan A, one could argue that teachers would be stripped of their social distancing protection. However, a parent whose child attends a school operating under Plan B may hear Cooper’s comments and think the Republican bill would remove some health protocols that are already in place. That doesn’t appear to be the case. Bill sponsors say the intention is for schools to continue operating under the guidelines outlined by the Cooper administration. We rate his  .