chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Chicago's reduction in teen smoking over the last eight years is the "largest drop in the United States of America.
Speaker: rahm emanuel
About the speaker: Rahm Emanuel is the mayor of Chicago. He represented the Chicagoland area as a U.S. congressman prior to joining the White House as the first chief of staff in President Barack Obama’s administration. Emanuel also held various posts in the Clinton Administration from 1993 to 1998, and worked as an investment banker in the private sector.
Date: April 7, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: public health
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Emanuel said that Chicago’s reduction in teen smoking over the last eight years is the "largest drop in the United States of America." Federal data on cigarette usage among high schoolers tracks with the figure he cited for Chicago’s decline. That same dataset, however, shows that Chicago is far from the nation’s leader in reducing teen smoking. At least nine other major school districts or counties came out ahead. We rate Emanuel’s statement .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Japanese whaling crew eaten alive by killer whales, 16 dead.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 11, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: There’s also no mention that it is several years old. We’ve noticed here at PolitiFact that some  news stories seem to come back into the social media consciousness after a couple of years in limbo. We don’t know why this one returned to port after so long adrift, but the story is still anchored in fiction. We rate it ! https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/8ce44b69-3cfe-4eff-9f9f-0781ee391e09
Statement: On Obama, "The press warns the 'Taxman Cometh.'
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: August 15, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Fact-check justification: This is becoming more commonplace, particular with the Obama campaign as we explore in this story. We examined an Obama ad that uses news citations and concluded that it was . With MCain, there is a kernel of  to the , in that editorials are part of the press, but voters clearly understand the difference between news reports and articles of opinion. Opinions make the political world go around, but the point is that there are many points of view about Obama's and McCain's tax plans and to present three editorials - two from historically conservative editorial boards - as the voice of "the press" is going too far. For those reasons, we rate the ad .
Statement: If you are going to kill the families of terrorists, realize that there's something called the Geneva Convention we're going to have to pull out of.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: December 15, 2015
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;military;terrorism
Context: Las Vegas
Fact-check justification: Paul said, "If you are going to kill the families of terrorists, realize that there's something called the Geneva Convention we're going to have to pull out of." A range of experts in international law agreed that at least two elements of the Geneva Convention would contravene a policy of killing family members of terrorists, and that the United States has demonstrated a commitment to adhering to both provisions. We rate Paul’s statement .
Statement: Democrats rang up a $1.42 trillion budget deficit in 2009 — the single largest in American history.
Speaker: the freedom project
About the speaker: The Freedom Project is a Republican fundraising operation led by House Republican Leader John Boehner.
Date: October 19, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: By one standard — total dollars — the group is right that fiscal year 2009 will have the largest deficit in history. But it comes up second if you measure it by share of GDP, as many economists prefer. As for the second part, it's not correct to blame all the spending on Democrats. Yes, the Obama administration and the Democratic-led Congress are responsible for a good chunk of that spending — but many elements were backed by lots of Republicans, including President Bush. The Freedom Project glosses over this important detail, so we rate the  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "hasn't broken his promise" to release his tax returns.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: October 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;taxes
Context: the vice presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Pence said Trump "hasn't broken his promise" to release his tax returns. Trump said he would "absolutely" release his tax returns in January 2016 and that it'll happen "probably over the next few months" in February without the stipulation of an IRS audit. He also made the promise in 2011, 2014 and 2015 without conditions.   There’s still 33 days left before Election Day, so Trump still has time to honor this pledge. But, as of Oct. 4, 2016, when Pence made his , Trump has yet to show the public the money. We rate Pence’s  .
Statement: President Barack Obama's latest executive order "mandates the apprehension and detention of Americans who merely show signs of 'respiratory illness.'
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 3, 2014
Topics: ebola;public health;punditfact
Context: an article posted on Infowars.com
Fact-check justification: Infowars.com said Obama’s latest executive order "mandates the apprehension and detention of Americans who merely show signs of ‘respiratory illness.’" That’s a fundamental misreading of the executive order Obama signed and the power the federal government has. The updates Obama made to a 2003 executive order do not mandate the apprehension and detention of people who show signs of "respiratory illness," has nothing to do with the current Ebola crisis and only affect people entering the country or crossing state lines. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Gov. Rick Perry has never held a private-sector job.
Speaker: bill white
About the speaker: Bill White, an author, is a San Antonio native who was mayor of Houston from 2004-2009. He was the 2010 Democratic nominee for governor of Texas.
Date: April 20, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: “They were looking for local businessmen and folks who were a good representation of the community to serve on the board.” Perry's pre-government employment may not have been in typical 9-to-5 occupations, but it certainly qualifies as a "private-sector job." Bacon, White's spokeswoman, said he was making the point that he has considerably more private-sector experience — as a lawyer and businessman — than Perry does. That's not entirely what White said in Wichita Falls. We rate his statement as .
Statement: Ed Gillespie "would not mention (Donald Trump's) name unless he was condemning him.
Speaker: corey stewart
About the speaker: Corey Stewart, a Republican, is the chairman of the Prince William County's board of supervisors. He was elected to the board in 2003 to represent the Occoquan district. Then he won a special election in 2006 to become chairman. He was elected to four-year terms in 2007 and 2011.   
Stewart ran an unsuccessful campaign for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor in 2013.
Stewart was born in Minnesota. He graduated from Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., and earned a law degree from William Mitchell College of Law, St. Paul, Minn. He works as an international trade attorney in private practice.
Date: November 9, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: negative campaigning
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Stewart said Gillespie "would not mention" Trump’s name "unless he was condemning him." Gillespie certainly did not praise Trump, and he did criticize the presidential nominee for making a vulgar statement about women. But there are several instances where Gillespie mentioned Trump while voicing support of the GOP ticket, saying it was important to keep conservative control of the U.S. Supreme Court. So we rate Stewart’s statement .
Statement: Under Governor Crist, 3,000 teachers laid off.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: June 23, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: economy;education;jobs;stimulus
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A TV ad by Scott’s political committee says that under Crist, 3,000 teachers were laid off. The ad omits some key points. The number was derived from media reports about possible layoffs, not all were actual layoffs. Also, Crist accepted federal stimulus money that preserved thousands of teacher jobs. Finally, Crist was not solely responsible for teacher layoffs. Crist and the Republican-led Legislature signed off on budget cuts amid a national recession -- and no single politician is responsible for that economic meltdown. Clearly, some teachers were laid off statewide, but the ad lacks  that it amounted to 3,000 positions. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Rick Scott "didn't even come to his own education summit. But he did take time to go to the tea party convention the same week.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: November 4, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a rally announcing his candidacy for governor
Fact-check justification: Scott delegated oversight of the education summit to his education commissioner, and other members of his team also attended. Still, Crist is right on the facts: Scott steered clear of one summit that week and made a speech at another laced with politics and connections to the tea party movement. We rate the statement .
Statement: In the Georgia House district that hosted a special election on June 20, "Trump won by 20+ points.
Speaker: joy reid
About the speaker: Joy Reid is the host of MSNBC's The Reid Report.
Date: June 20, 2017
Topics: elections;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Reid's original tweet said that in Georgia’s 6th district, "Trump won by 20+ points." Romney won by that wide a margin margin in 2012, and Price did, too, as recently as last November. But Trump was nowhere near as popular in the district as Reid’s tweet indicates. He won by a point or two -- far worse than Republican candidates have traditionally fared in the 6th. We rate the statement . EDITOR'S NOTE,  June 21, 12:55 p.m.: Shortly after this article was posted, a reader informed us that Reid had replied to a follower on Twitter that she may have gotten the statistic . We have now included that in the article.
Statement: In Wisconsin, a woman only earns 80 cents for every $1 a man earns.
Speaker: mary burke
About the speaker: Burke is a former Trek Bicycle executive and former Wisconsin Commerce Department secretary who announced on Oct. 7, 2013 that she would seek the Democratic nomination for governor in Wisconsin in the fall 2014 election against incument Republican Gov. Scott Walker. She lost to Walker on Nov. 4, 2014. She is a school board member in Madison, Wisconsin.
Date: April 8, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;income;jobs;women
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: So, there is  that Wisconsin women earn 78 cents per $1 of what men earn, although the role discrimination might play is not clear. Our rating Burke said: "In Wisconsin, a woman only earns 80 cents for every $1 a man earns." Her  is slightly conservative, in that census data put the figure at 78 cents. It's worth noting that the gap is not necessarily due to discrimination -- a conclusion some might have drawn because Burke's statement made reference to pay discrimination. We rate the  .
Statement: The elimination of income and sales taxes in New York is equal to 9 percent of taxable income, meaning that if you make $100,000 a year you lose $9,000
Speaker: brian higgins
About the speaker: Brian Higgins is a Congressman from Western New York. He is a Democrat.
Date: November 3, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: taxes
Context: remarks at a House hearing
Fact-check justification: Higgins said New York state taxpayers could lose as much as 9 percent of their taxable income if state and local tax deductions end. Higgins meant to say residents would no longer be able to deduct 9 percent of their income from their federal taxes, not that they would lose that money outright. But even if he said what he meant, that would still be . House Republicans came to a compromise on property tax deductions that refute the numbers in his statement. We rate the  .
Statement: Jamie Foxx left 'paralyzed and blind' from blood clot in his brain" after a COVID-19 vaccine injection.
Speaker: charlie kirk
About the speaker: Charlie Kirk is the founder and president of Turning Point USA, a conservative group that advocates for limited government and free markets.
Date: June 1, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: "  Benza and Kirk are not the first to tie Foxx’s health to vaccines. We fact-checked a   that the actor suffered a brain bleed as a result of a COVID-19 vaccine. There is no  that COVID-19 vaccines cause aneurysms. Publicly available  does not support the  that Foxx is paralyzed and blind as a result of receiving a COVID vaccine. New details could emerge about his condition, but based on what we know now, we rate this statement .
Statement: Amendment 4 will reduce Florida's economic output by $34 billion annually.
Speaker: citizens for lower taxes and a stronger economy
About the speaker: A political action committee opposing Florida's proposed Amendment 4.
Date: January 21, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: economy;elections;florida amendments
Context: the "No on 4!" website
Fact-check justification: So back to the question. Will Amendment 4 reduce Florida's economic output by $34 billion annually? There are bound to be some economic impacts, but as all the economists noted, it would be premature to assume that anybody knows what that impact will be. Developers may decide not to push for projects under the new rules, if the amendment passes. Or they may propose other projects more likely to be approved. And voters may or may not approve the projects that do make the ballot. We steer clear of ruling on predictions, and that's the issue we have with the blanket statement made by "No on 4." The opponents use a scary number of $34 billion in lost economic output based on assumptions that other economists -- even two economists who also are opposed to Amendment 4 -- say aren't knowable. Everybody agrees the amendment would have some impact, but how much isn't known. Because "No on 4!" states the  unequivocally without including the uncertainty, we rate it .
Statement: Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the average American family of four will receive a $1,182 tax cut.
Speaker: markwayne mullin
About the speaker: Markwayne Mullin is the United States representative for Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district 
Date: November 3, 2017
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a post on a congressional office website
Fact-check justification: Mullin said that the average American family of four would get a tax cut of $1,182. The number is a reasonable estimate, based on certain assumptions. What might not be obvious is that families who take advantage of deductions today might see their taxes rise. And even those who benefit immediately might see those gains turn into losses after 2023. So if you think this tax cut would be ongoing, or every year, you'd be . Unlike his colleagues, however, Mullin didn’t outright promise that the initial tax cut would last for more than one year. Mullin's statement therefore is accurate but needs additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Obama says America is great, but let's "try to change it.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 2, 2008
Location: national
Topics: patriotism
Context: a blog posting
Fact-check justification: More : A Google search of the quote finds no mention of it before Steyn's Jan. 28 post. Our fact-checking cousins at Snopes.com also looked into the quote and the claims that Obama said it. They found them . We'll second that. In fact, it's so  it's  .
Statement: Says "Barack Obama has gone from blaming George W. Bush to plagiarizing George W. Bush.
Speaker: marc thiessen
About the speaker: Marc Thiessen is a columnist for the Washington Post and a scholar with the conservative American Enterprise Institute. He served as an adviser to President George W. Bush.
Date: January 29, 2014
Topics: pundits;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of Fox News' "The Kelly File"
Fact-check justification: Thiessen said that Obama had gone from blaming George W. Bush to plagiarizing him. Thiessen himself says he didn’t mean that Obama copied Bush; rather, that Obama took the theme of opportunity from Bush. Even if Obama did emphasize a theme Republicans identify with, that in no way matches the popular, or legal, understanding of plagiarism. At PunditFact, we understand that words can be delivered for effect, but we also uphold the principle that words matter. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Pope Francis "took the name of a saint who basically reached out to Muslims.
Speaker: matthew dowd
About the speaker: Matthew Dowd is an author and MSNBC analyst. In 2021, he briefly ran for the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor of Texas. He served as chief political strategist to Republican President George W. Bush.
Date: September 20, 2015
Topics: islam;religion;punditfact
Context: a panel discussion on ABC News' "This Week with George Stephanopoulos"
Fact-check justification: Dowd said that Pope Francis’ namesake, St. Francis, reached out to Muslims. The historical record tells us that indeed, St. Francis, likely at great personal risk, left the safety of the crusaders’ camp and spent a few days with the Sultan of Egypt. No one actually knows what the two men said to each other. From all that we read and heard from historians, the presumption is that St. Francis tried to convert the sultan. Over the centuries, depending on the point a person wanted to prove, the story has been presented in different ways. In some versions, St. Francis challenges the Muslims. In others, he is attempting to bridge a religious gulf. The word "outreach" can have different meanings. The record doesn’t clarify the nature of the outreach, but, taken broadly, it does confirm that some kind of meeting took place. We rate the  .
Statement: I was the only member of the Senate – Republican or Democrat – who has consistently voted against efforts to use the so called 'nuclear option' to change the rules of the Senate.
Speaker: joe manchin
About the speaker: Joe Manchin is a U.S. senator from West Virginia. The former governor of West Virginia won a special election in November 2010 to complete the balance of the late Sen. Robert Byrd’s term.
Date: April 5, 2019
Location: west virginia
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Manchin said, "I was the only member of the Senate – Republican or Democrat – who has consistently voted against efforts to use the so called ‘nuclear option’ to change the rules of the Senate." Experts in Senate procedure tell PolitiFact that Manchin is correct, having voted in favor of the status quo -- and against "nuclear option" efforts -- in each of the four relevant votes between 2013 and 2019. We rate this statement .
Statement: Video shows former President Barack Obama sharing how to mislead the public.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: April 30, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a TikTok video
Fact-check justification: A TikTok video shares a truncated clip of Obama speaking about disinformation. The former president did say the words in the video, but the video was edited to omit the context of the speech he gave at Stanford University. Obama wasn’t extolling disinformation’s virtues, but rather warning about its dangers and calling for governments and tech companies to better protect democracy. We rate this  .
Statement: Says $800,000 cost of Texas special legislative session would pay for 1.6 million condoms, 90,000 months of the pill or 20 full-time sexual health educators.
Speaker: sarah ponder
About the speaker: PolitiFact Texas did a fact-check on a sign carried by Sarah Ponder of Austin during a July 1, 2013, rally at the Capitol against proposed abortion legislation. Ponder works for an education technology firm and said she had attended the rally to show support for effective ways to reduce the number of abortions performed.
Date: July 1, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: abortion
Context: a rally at the state Capitol
Fact-check justification: Ponder used a conservative estimate for the cost of the second special session, presuming it runs for the full 30 days. She used the lowest price we found for the pill, a mid-range price for condoms and a salary that doesn’t seem out of line for an entry-level sexual health educator position, so it’s probably  that under certain circumstances, you could pay for the items on her sign with $800,000 apiece. Then again, it might be fairer to estimate the pill at $25 a month instead of $9, which means you could only pay for 32,000 months of contraception, not the 90,000 months she cited. And unless you only wanted to hire newly-graduated sexual health educators, you might have to pay them more like $52,000 per year, which would cover 16 instead of 20 educators. So an adjusted version of the sign might read: "$800,000: 1.6 million condoms, 32,000 months of the pill, 16 full-time sexual health educators" instead of "$800,000: 1.6 million condoms, 90K months of the pill, 20 full-time sexual health educators." We rate Ponder’s  as .