chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The Internal Revenue code has ballooned to a 5,600-page, 4 million-word complicated mess that is seven times as long as the Bible with none of the good news.
Speaker: leonard lance
About the speaker: Leonard Lance is a Republican congressman representing New Jersey's 7th district.
Date: April 15, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Lance said, "The Internal Revenue code has ballooned to a 5,600-page, 4 million-word complicated mess that is seven times as long as the Bible with none of the good news." It’s generally accepted that the code is about 4 million words in length, according to previous published reports and the publisher of the 2013 winter version of the tax code. Lance also based his figure of 5,600 pages on previous reports from publications such as the Harvard Business Review. Opinions also differ on the code’s length when compared with the Bible, given the many versions, translations and texts of it. And while the tax code isn’t seven times as long as the Bible, even given a standard word count for the good book, we get Lance’s overall point: the tax code is long and complex. We rate his  . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Report proves that COVID-19 vaccines caused 300,000 excess deaths in 2022.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: March 31, 2023
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Instagram posts said a report proves that COVID-19 vaccines caused 300,000 excess deaths in 2022. Experts said the report lacks  and that its conclusions are based on "loose correlations and  assumptions."  A majority of the excess deaths in the U.S. since the pandemic began can be attributed to the virus itself.  We rate the  .
Statement: Twitter has suspended the account of Afghanistan's elected President… and have allowed the Taliban to keep their accounts.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 19, 2021
Topics: afghanistan;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Twitter has not suspended the accounts of either acting president Amrullah Saleh or his predecessor Ashraf Ghani. The two Twitter accounts @Afghpresident and @AfgGreenTrend are currently suspended. Twitter likely suspended the accounts pending verification of who controls them. Taliban spokespeople have active accounts on Twitter, but they have not broken any of Twitter's rules and are still allowed on the platform. We rate this  .
Statement: Says 40 years ago, the U.S. placed Texas under Voting Rights Act for failing to print ballots in Spanish.
Speaker: terral smith
About the speaker: Terral Smith, an Austin lawyer, represented Austin in the Texas House in 1981-1991 before serving as legislative director for Gov. George W. Bush.
Date: September 9, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: civil rights;elections
Context: the Austin American-Statesman
Fact-check justification: Smith said that "about 40 years ago, the federal government placed Texas under the Voting Rights Act because Texas failed to print ballots in both English and Spanish." The amendment made 37 years ago was intended to -- and did -- bring Texas elections under the Voting Rights Act. English-only ballots were a "trigger" alongside other conditions. We rate Smith’s statement as .
Statement: Says Bill Gates said, "We need to develop a digital certificate that shows who has received all the vaccinations. Only those with all the required vaccinations may travel, visit churches, participate in sports and music events, get a job, etc.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 2, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Later, he talked about wanting to "convince people, at least over 80 percent, to take this vaccine." He also addressed conspiracy theories and falsehoods that have spread about him and the coronavirus.   "I hope it doesn’t create vaccine hesitancy," he said. "I hope the conspiracy stuff dies down." We rate this post .
Statement: 57% of the jobs created" in Austin "from 2009 to 2013 do not pay families a living wage.
Speaker: steve adler
About the speaker: Attorney Steve Adler won election as mayor of Austin in December 2014, drawing 67 percent of the vote in a December 2014 runoff. He was sworn in Jan. 6, 2015. He sought re-election in 2018.
Date: September 3, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: city budget;city government;poverty
Context: a campaign web page
Fact-check justification: Adler said: "57% of the jobs created from 2009 to 2013 do not pay families a living wage." To be precise, that’s the estimated share of net jobs added in the multi-county Austin area (not Austin alone) pegged as having median wages less than the living wage for an adult with one child. Families vary in size, though, as do related living wages. We rate this statement, which lacks clarification, .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Matt Wand has sided with anti-choice activists "to restrict access to reproductive health care services.
Speaker: democratic party of oregon
About the speaker: The Democratic Party of Oregon says it "promotes the election of Democratic candidates at every level across the state of Oregon with technical, financial and volunteer support."
Date: October 24, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: abortion;message machine 2012;women
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: We realize that for some advocates, this issue isall or nothing; either you’re with us or against us, on both sides. We take a middle road. The statement is partially accurate -- Wand did side with Oregon Right to Life on legislation that would have affected providers -- but it leaves out important details. The legislation did not target all providers and, in fact, would not have affected a significant provider in the metro area. We rate the statement .
Statement: We spend in tax loopholes annually $1.1 trillion. That's more than we spend on our defense budget in a year, on Medicare or Medicaid in a year.
Speaker: jeanne shaheen
About the speaker: Jeanne Shaheen is a Senator from New Hampshire.
Date: May 31, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview with the editorial board of 'The Telegraph.'
Fact-check justification: "(Loophole) is a very common term used on both sides, but I think, when people look behind what those expenditures were, that's not what comes to mind," added Chuck Marr, director of federal tax policy at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities . Our ruling: The official definition aside, we think loophole conjures images of a narrow tax break that gives a special -- and, in many cases, unfair -- advantage to a specific constituency. But we don't think the entire list of tax deductions, exemptions, credits fits that definition. She's right about the total cost of those "expenditures," but her definition of loophole is a big stretch. We rate Shaheen’s  .
Statement: When it comes to how many of the 35 different federal welfare benefits each state can offer, "the average in the country is about 12 to 14. Why are we giving every one?
Speaker: david dipietro
About the speaker: New York Assemblymember David DiPietro is a Republican and lives in East Aurora in Erie County. He represents the 147th District. 
Date: October 30, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: welfare
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: No one disputes New York has a generous safety net. But DiPietro makes it sound like most states don't offer even half of the optional welfare programs or services that New York does. A basic tenet of PolitiFact is that the burden of proof is on the person making the . DiPietro didn't respond to requests for information to support his . We wanted to know the source of his , but he declined to talk to us. This is an important issue to New Yorkers, and also one that can be prone to exaggeration by those with strong feelings on welfare. So we checked with experts who study welfare and Medicaid benefits. They could not locate the source of his specific . In our research, we found a nonpartisan Kaiser Family Foundation study that compared Medicaid benefits across the country. It found 44 states offered an average of 26 optional benefits. That's considerably more than the "12 to 14" optional welfare benefits that DiPietro claims the average state provides. What's more, the two states that offered the fewest optional benefits - 15 - still offered more than what DiPietro claimed to be the average number among other states.  Our analysis of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families also did not support his .  We rate his  .
Statement: Rep. Adam Kinzinger "admits Trump won" the 2020 presidential election.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 15, 2022
Location: illinois
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Kinzinger on fight with Trump: ‘Yeah, he won. In the short term at least,’" The Hill’s headline said.   Axios ran something similar : "Kinzinger on Trump battle: ‘He won, in the short term at least.’" But the description of this Facebook video takes Kinzinger’s comments out of important context, and could mislead viewers to believe Kinzinger was admitting Trump won the election.   We rate that  .
Statement: The Alamo has been consistently listed as one of the most disappointing landmarks in our nation.
Speaker: george p. bush
About the speaker: George Prescott Bush, formerly a corporate lawyer, won election as Texas land commissioner in 2014. He's renominated to seek a second term in 2018.
Date: October 16, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: history;tourism
Context: the "Alamo Truth" website funded by George P. Bush's political campaign
Fact-check justification: The campaign-funded website says: "The Alamo has been consistently listed as one of the most disappointing landmarks in our nation." We’re persuaded that plenty of visitors have commented on the Alamo’s surprising small size and how quickly a visit can pass, fueling disappointment. Of late, though, it looks like only the Business Insider and the Thrillist listed the Alamo among the nation’s most disappointing landmarks. On balance, we rate this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says President Barack Obama could "basically" legalize all immigrants here illegally "by the sign of a pen.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: August 13, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Rubio said that absent immigration reform from Congress, Obama "will be tempted to issue an executive order like he did for the DREAM Act kids a year ago, where he basically legalizes 11 million people by the sign of a pen." Could Obama offer deferred action for the entire population of undocumented immigrants? His executive powers over deportations are strong, but most experts say that’s an extreme scenario and susceptible to legal challenges, not to mention political fallout. More likely is that Obama could extend deferred action to more subsets of the undocumented population, pushing them lower on the priority list and into a deal-with-you-later category. That might be relief for them, but it’s also a legal limbo that falls short of legalization. We rate the statement .
Statement: Congresswoman Martha McSally voted to let companies sell your internet data to the highest bidder without your consent. Then she got paid $42,000 by the very corporations she allowed to sell your personal info.
Speaker: arizona democratic party
About the speaker: Arizona Democratic Party.
Date: April 3, 2018
Location: arizona
Topics: voting record;privacy issues
Context: a website
Fact-check justification: The Arizona Democratic Party launched a website that claimed, "Congresswoman Martha McSally voted to let companies sell your internet data to the highest bidder without your consent. Then she got paid $42,000 by the very corporations she allowed to sell your personal info." McSally’s vote did not allow companies to sell internet data — that was already legally allowed. Still, experts said companies generally don’t sell data to third parties such as advertisers, rather use the data to deliver companies’ ads. McSally’s campaign received about $42,000 after the March vote from political action committees tied to telecommunications companies. McSally also received contributions from those groups prior to the vote. We rate Arizona Democratic Party’s statement .
Statement: The city of Charlotte passed a bathroom ordinance mandate on every private-sector employer in Charlotte.
Speaker: pat mccrory
About the speaker: Pat McCrory, a Republican, was governor of North Carolina from 2013 to 2017. Previously, he served as mayor of Charlotte.
Date: April 17, 2016
Location: national
Topics: lgbtq;states
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: McCrory said, "The city of Charlotte passed a bathroom ordinance mandate on every private-sector employer in Charlotte." This is an exaggeration. The ordinance would have applied to place of public accommodation, like hotels and stores and other places selling goods and services to the public. While that is a big category, the ordinance would not have applied to private clubs, nonprofits or organizations with viewpoints that would have been at odds with the law, nor would have it really impacted business that don't deal with customers.  The talking point contains an element of  but  the scope of the law. We rate his statement . Update: After we published this fact-check, we heard back from Josh Ellis, McCrory's spokesman. It has been updated to include his comments. The ruling remains unchanged.  https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/2d1960bf-248e-4286-ac92-d47880bff82d
Statement: The flu shot is "designed to spread cancer.
Speaker: meddaily
About the speaker: Meddaily is a website that posts alternative health news.
Date: February 28, 2018
Topics: fake news;health care;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: "Even with current vaccine effectiveness estimates, vaccination will still prevent influenza illness, including thousands of hospitalizations and deaths. Persons aged ≥6 months who have not yet been vaccinated this season should be vaccinated," the CDC wrote in February. Meddaily stated that the flu shot is "designed to spread cancer." Experts say this  is nothing more than a  conspiracy theory. We rate this headline . '
Statement: My opponent in November of 2008 sent a missive to the White House, to President Obama-elect, and said, 'Here's how you need to sell cap-and-trade to the American people.'
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: May 19, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: cap and trade;climate change
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our conclusion: White's e-mail is not close to the "how-to" guide Perry claims. Indeed, White's message urges the incoming administration not to push a carbon emissions proposal until after it has advanced other energy-related ideas. Nowhere does the e-mail offer guidance on pitching cap and trade. Perry floats a politically potent but ,  characterization. !
Statement: The bulk of the people who are shot with a weapon — other than these drug gangs taking on one another — end up being shot with their own weapon.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: April 1, 2012
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: an interview on "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: Biden said "the bulk" of people who are shot with a weapon are shot with their own weapon. The numbers that back up that statement refer only to fatal shootings, including a high proportion of suicides. CDC figures show, and our experts verified, that the majority of gun deaths are suicides, and the majority of suicides are committed with a person’s own gun or a gun owned by someone in the household. Although the numbers for non-fatal shootings are rough, such assaults typically don't involve the use of the victim's gun, experts told us. Biden cited a  statistic but left out the important detail and context that he was talking only about fatal shootings, which would include suicides. That meets our definition of .
Statement: The American people will be appalled to learn the health care bill exempts (congressional) leadership and committee staff.
Speaker: tom coburn
About the speaker: Tom Coburn is a former U.S. Senator from Oklahoma and a physician.
Date: March 23, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: comments to reporters
Fact-check justification: But the CRS report provides more wiggle room; it states "it appears possible" that the language could be interpreted that way. It would have been more accurate to say that the language "may exempt" some staffers. Furthermore, it is  that Coburn's original amendment language was as restrictive as the provision that ended up in the final version of the bill. However, on two occasions, Coburn tried to fix the problem. All that said, we find Coburn's  to be .
Statement: Says "47 additional counties used the same software that caused a 'glitch' in Antrim County (that switched 6,000 votes from Trump to Biden in that county)" and votes in the state are "potentially fraudulent.
Speaker: ted nugent
About the speaker: Ted Nugent, who lives near Waco, performed after Gov. Rick Perry's 2007 inauguration. He is an ardent supporter of Second Amendment gun rights. In 2014, he stumped with Texan Greg Abbott for governor and chaired Republican Sid Miller's campaign for state agriculture commissioner.
Date: November 17, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Michigan resident Ted Nugent said in a Facebook post that "47 additional counties used the same voting software that caused a ‘glitch’ in Antrim County" and said that votes in the state are "potentially fraudulent."  Nugent’s post contains an element of  — Dominion Voting Systems was used in several Michigan counties and in Antrim, which experienced an  early tally in favor of Biden — but it ignores the critical fact that the "glitch" was a human error limited to that county and that the technology itself didn’t simply switch votes. There is no indication of fraud.  We rate it .  This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here for more.
Statement: I brought down crime more than anyone in this country -- maybe in the history of this country -- while I was mayor of New York City." -
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: October 21, 2007
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: Orlando, Fla
Fact-check justification: Meanwhile, independent studies generally have failed to link the tactics of the Giuliani administration with the large decrease in crime rates. Rather, many criminologists believe the decline in New York, as in Chicago, Miami, San Francisco and elsewhere, was the result of a complex mix of social and demographic changes, including a break in the crack cocaine epidemic, an improving economy, and longer prison terms for career criminals. Giuiliani's push for better policing tactics and policies were likely part of it, but not to the extent he claims, experts say. His numbers do look good, and the decline in crime rates sure picked up speed when he was in charge: After falling about 12 percent from 1990 to 1993, violent crime dropped 56 percent over the next eight years. But most big cities, and the nation as a whole, followed a similar pattern: A slow fall beginning around 1990 or 1991, followed by a sharp drop over the next decade.
Statement: Seventy-four percent of Rhode Islanders support [a] national popular vote [for president] because they, as I, believe in one person-one vote.
Speaker: raymond gallison
About the speaker: Raymond E. Gallison Jr., a Democrat from Bristol, R.I., is a lawyer who has been a State Representative since 2001.
Date: June 13, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: elections;history;polls and public opinion
Context: a House floor debate
Fact-check justification: Rep. Raymond Gallison said, "Seventy four percent of Rhode Islanders support [a] national popular vote because they, as I, believe in one person, one vote." In the first half of his statement, he was correctly quoting a single five-year-old robocall poll from a special interest group in which respondents only had two options to choose from. Those who didn't know or didn't care either had to either pick an answer -- without the ability to hear arguments pro or con -- or just hang up, as most people do with such surveys. Nonetheless, other surveys have shown a high level of support for a national popular vote, even if it's not quite as high as the percentage quoted by Gallison. The second half of his statement implied that Rhode Islanders had been polled about their reasons for supporting the proposal. But the 2008 survey -- the one Gallison relied on -- never even posed that question. We can think of a few other reasons (such as wanting to bring more campaign money into Rhode Island) why residents might want a national popular vote. Because his statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, we rate it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)