chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Obamacare will mean 2.1 million fewer jobs by 2021.
Speaker: americans for prosperity georgia chapter
About the speaker: Americans for Prosperity's Georgia chapter is a conservative group advocates for limited government, free markets and fiscal and regulatory restraint.
Date: February 17, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: The CBO report did not say the health care law would result in a reduction of 2.5 million jobs. It specifically said "more than 2.5 million people are likely to reduce the amount of labor they choose to supply to some degree" and added that "many of them will not leave the labor force entirely." We believe that is an important distinction. This  does contain some element of , but some of the details are . We rate it .
Statement: Says Michelle Obama waved "red communist flags" on her trip to China.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: April 4, 2014
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;pop culture
Context: a chain email
Fact-check justification: The chain email said Michelle Obama waved "red communist flags" on her trip to China. In reality, she didn’t wave the national flag of China or any other "communist" flag -- she was simply waving long red banners during a folk-dancing exhibition. We rate the  .
Statement: Poor people pay "in some cases, up to 25 percent of (their) income for water.
Speaker: matt damon
About the speaker: Matt Damon is an actor and co-founder of Water.org, a group that promotes the expansion of clean water in the developing world.
Date: April 20, 2017
Topics: global news service;poverty;water
Context: a discussion with the president of the World Bank
Fact-check justification: Damon said that poor people sometimes pay as much as 25 percent of their income for water. A decade-old United Nations report said that the urban poor in Uganda were paying very nearly that much, about 22 percent of their wages. Damon’s co-founder of Water.org has seen people spending this much in his work in Honduras. More recent hard data appears to be in short supply. But it wouldn’t take much for Damon’s  to be accurate. Given that poor people pay an inordinate share of whatever money they have for basic needs, and they tend to live in places where water costs more, some people probably do spend as much as Damon said. The facts we have are enough for us to rate this  .
Statement: Image shows Harvard email terminating a student over social media accounts.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 11, 2021
Topics: education;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Kashuv posted screenshots on Twitter of his emails with Harvard’s admission office after the school revoked his admission. In one email , Harvard’s admissions office said it reserves the right to revoke admission from incoming students "if you engage or have engaged in behavior that brings into question your honesty, maturity, or moral character." An email claimed that Harvard "terminated" a student because of their social media accounts. The university told news agencies that the email was . We rate this  !
Statement: Fewer Democrats were on the Georgia general election ballot in 2012 than in more than 100 years.
Speaker: bryan long
About the speaker: Bryan Long is executive director of Better Georgia, an affiliate of the ProgressNow network. Long is a former reporter for the AJC and CNN.
Date: April 24, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: a panel discussion
Fact-check justification: And there is a 42-year gap when information is not available. Long’s overall point that 2012 was a light year for Democrats is correct. But he overreaches when he tries to stretch those numbers back a century. A lot of context -- and years -- are missing from his statement. We rated his  .
Statement: The Republicans just voted last year to end Medicare.
Speaker: steve rothman
About the speaker: Steven R. Rothman served as a Democratic congressman representing parts of northern New Jersey between January 1997 and January 2013. He left office after losing a primary election to Rep. Bill Pascrell.
Date: February 8, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: medicare;retirement
Context: a speech on the House floor
Fact-check justification: In a speech on the House floor, Rothman repeated a  that’s been debunked many times before: "The Republicans just voted last year to end Medicare." Republicans approved a dramatic restructuring of the Medicare program, but that plan would not "end Medicare." The program would remain in existence, and the proposed changes would not affect current beneficiaries or others who turn 65 years old before 2022. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: On average, each U.S. military working dog saves the lives of between 150 and 200 servicemen and women over the span of his career.
Speaker: rob wittman
About the speaker: Rob Wittman, a Republican, represents Virginia's first 1st Congressional District, which stretches from Newport News to some outlying Norther Virginia preincts.
Wittman worked for 20 years at the Virginia Department of Health as an environmental health specialist and as field director for the Division of Shellfish Sanitation.
He served on the Montross Town Council from 1986 to 1996 and on the Westmoreland County Board of Supervisors from 1996 to 2005. He was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 2005. Two years later, he won a special election to Congress following the death of Rep. Jo Ann Davis, a Republican.
Wittman holds a B.S. in biology from Virginia Tech, a Master's degree in public health from the University of North Carolina and a Ph.D. in public policy and administration from Virginia Commonwealth University.
Date: June 18, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: animals;military
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Wittman said, "On average, each U.S. military working dog saves the lives of between 150 and 200 servicemen and women over the span of his career." This is a myth that’s been spread for years, often by organizations promoting the adoption of retired military dogs. Wittman says he picked up the figure from the American Humane Association’s website. Nobody seems to know the original source of the numbers. Wittman and others who state the number unequivocally fail in their burden of proof. The Department of Defense says it never has quantified the number of lives saved by military dogs and that the 150- to 200-per-dog number "is likely greatly inflated." Think about it: If the number was correct, it would mean the dogs are saving the lives of more than 400,000 service members every eight to nine years. While recognizing military dogs for the important service they perform, we rate Wittman’s statement .
Statement: The Biden Department of Justice "would use the FBI to target parents who speak out against critical race theory.
Speaker: rebecca kleefisch
About the speaker: Rebecca Kleefisch was the lieutenant governor of Wisconsin from 2011-19 under Gov. Scott Walker. She previously worked as a TV anchor and reporter, most recently with WISN-TV in Milwaukee. Kleefisch was defeated August 9, 2022 in her Republican primary bid for Republican nomination for governor.
 
Date: October 23, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;families;legal issues
Context: Campaign email
Fact-check justification: In a campaign email, Kleefisch claimed the Justice Department told the FBI to target parents who speak out against critical race theory. But the memo outlining what would take place indicated the bureau will aim to curb violent threats and criminal conduct, not anyone who publicly criticizes critical race theory. What’s more, the initial letter from the school boards association didn’t seek federal help only to protect against threats from critical race theory critics. The group sought protection for any threats, no matter what prompted them. We rate this  .
Statement: About 40% to 50% of CDC, FDA employees are refusing the COVID-19 vaccine, according to" Anthony Fauci and FDA's Peter Marks.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 14, 2021
Location: north carolina
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: A widely shared Instagram post claimed: "About 40% to 50% of CDC, FDA employees are refusing the COVID-19 vaccine, according to" Anthony Fauci and FDA’s Peter Marks. Fauci, Marks and the CDC’s Walensky were asked what percentage of their employees have received the COVID-19 vaccine. Fauci estimated 60% for his National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Marks said probably in the same range for the FDA, and Walensky didn’t give a percentage for the CDC.  None of them said anything about employees who refuse to be vaccinated. We rate the statement .
Statement: Democrats oppose any effort to secure our border.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 24, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: Wisconsin
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Democrats oppose any effort to secure our border." Trump’s broad swipe fails to capture other actions under border security that Democrats have supported. Democrats have sponsored and backed legislation for border security, including surveillance technology. Trump also claims that the border wall is under construction and that he got $1.6 billion from Congress for it, but leaves out that Democrats also voted in favor of that appropriation. Trump’s  is . We rate it .
Statement: Tampa Bay is "leading the state in jobs creation.
Speaker: bob buckhorn
About the speaker: Bob Buckhorn is making his second run for mayor in Tampa's nonpartisan elections on March 1, 2011. He previously served on the City Council from 1995-2003.
Date: January 15, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: From April 2011, the month that Buckhorn took office as mayor, through April 2014, Orlando produced more jobs, with the Tampa Bay area close behind. Buckhorn’s commercial says "we’re leading the state in jobs creation." That was  for several years, but over last year the trends changed. Tampa is no longer leading the state in job creation. We rate his statement .
Statement: Oregon leads the nation in number of jobs per capita in manufacturing.
Speaker: econorthwest
About the speaker: Established in 1974, ECONorthwest provides economic, planning and financial analysis to clients in both the public and private sectors.
Date: December 9, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: jobs
Context: a paper for the Oregon Business Plan
Fact-check justification: ECONorthwest, in preparing a paper delineating that success, wrote that "Oregon leads the nation in number of jobs per capita in manufacturing." The sentence needed to be rewritten to say the state leads the nation in manufacturing output per capita. That would have made the  . But regardless of the correction that followed, PolitiFact Oregon makes its rulings based on original claims. Not to detract from the success Oregon is having in semiconductor manufacturing, but we rate the original  .
Statement: This is the first time a party has picked up multiple seats during a regular election since the mid 1980s, making this the largest majority of any party in more than 25 years.
Speaker: mike haridopolos
About the speaker: Mike Haridopolos, a Republican, is the president of the Florida Senate.  Haridopolos represents District 26 which spans portions of Osceola, Brevard and Indian River counties. He was elected to the state senate in 2003, and previously served in the State House of Representatives.
Date: November 2, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: elections;history
Context: a post-election interview
Fact-check justification: So back to the question at hand. How accurate was Haridopolos in stating, "This is the first time a party has picked up multiple seats during a regular election since the mid 1980s, making this the largest majority of any party in more than 25 years?" His comment wasn't clear that he was referring only to the state Senate with "multiple seats," and he could have been slightly more accurate by specifying since the late 1980s. Haridopolos was correct, though, in saying that this is the largest majority in the past quarter-century. We rate the  .
Statement: In 2004, George W. Bush lifted the ban on those (AR-15 type) rifles, and since then, the number of massacres has increased 183%. During the ban, there were 12 incidents. Since he lifted the ban, there were 34 incidents.
Speaker: joy behar
About the speaker: A co-host on the ABC talk show The View.
Date: March 23, 2021
Location: colorado
Topics: crime;pundits;punditfact;guns
Context: a TV segment
Fact-check justification: Behar said, "In 2004, George W. Bush lifted the ban on those (AR-15 type) rifles, and since then, the number of massacres has increased 183%. During the ban, there were 12 incidents. Since he lifted the ban, there were 34 incidents." The ban expired because of a sunset provision in the law, not because of Bush.  The numbers in Behar’s  aligned with — and even understated — one researcher’s findings on the number of mass shootings that occurred during and after the 1994-to-2004 ban. Other research has similarly identified increases in such incidents since the ban ended, though the exact numbers vary partly due to how "mass shooting" is defined.   We rate this  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "himself has a financial stake in the French company that makes the brand-name version of hydroxychloroquine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 7, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: So the statute doesn’t apply to Trump at all," Clark said. "And even if this statute did apply to the president, the regulation’s exemption would seem to apply here. So Trump’s touting of this drug does not violate the criminal conflict of interest statute." Trump has a tiny stake in Sanofi through a mutual fund, but experts told us that Trump’s holdings do not violate federal conflict of interest laws. The post leaves out important context, so we rate it .
Statement: A Georgia law has not "criminalized giving people bottles of water." It pertains to political organizations.
Speaker: josh holmes
About the speaker: Josh Holmes is president and founding partner of Cavalry LLC. Holmes previously served as Chief of Staff to U.S. Senator Mitch McConnell and managed McConnell’s 2014 re-election campaign. Holmes worked on several U.S. Senate campaigns including Senator Norm Coleman’s successful 2002 bid, McConnell’s 2008 reelection, and Senator Rand Paul’s 2010 victory.
Date: March 28, 2021
Location: georgia
Topics: national;elections
Context: an interview on Fox News Sunday
Fact-check justification: Holmes said a Georgia law has not "criminalized giving people bottles of water." It pertains to political organizations. SB 202 makes it a crime for people — and not just people from political organizations — to hand out food or bottles of water within 150 feet of a polling place or 25 feet of any voter standing in line. The only kernel of  is that the law has a sentence which allows poll workers to make available "self-service water from an unattended receptacle to an elector waiting in line to vote." But just because poll workers can make self-service water available, doesn’t mean they are required to come up with a way to make water accessible to voters in every line at every polling site. Also, people could hand out water or food to voters outside the 150-foot and 25-foot boundaries. We rate this statement .
Statement: Right now in Ohio 200,000 people are getting opioid treatment because they have insurance under the Affordable Care Act.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: April 9, 2018
Location: ohio
Topics: drugs;health care
Context: a speech to the City Club of Cleveland
Fact-check justification: Brown said, "Right now in Ohio 200,000 people are getting opioid treatment because they have insurance under the Affordable Care Act." Harvard and New York University researchers concluded that about 220,000 people with addiction or mental health disorders had coverage through the Affordable Care Act, either through Medicaid expansion or purchasing insurance on the exchange, in 2016. But Brown oversimplified the study. The statistic is more broad than those who have received treatment for opioid addiction. Other state data suggest the number could be higher than 220,000, if we include multiple years. Brown’s general point that the Affordable Care Act has benefited people who need opioid treatment is supported by experts. We rate this  .
Statement: Sixteen [federal] programs exist to fight homelessness" and some of them are duplicative.
Speaker: jack kingston
About the speaker: Jack Kingston, a Republican, is a former U.S. Representative from Georgia and a political commentator.
Date: November 30, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget
Context: a presentation
Fact-check justification: "There are reasons why each [program] exists," Berg said. In summary, we found more federal programs aimed at helping the homeless than Kingston did. Some of the programs do share the same goals, although Berg noted there are some differences in who gets the funding and how they get used. We believe Kingston's statement is accurate, but more information shows there are some differences in about all of these programs. Kingston may not have gotten the assignment he wanted, but the congressman gets a pretty high mark on our rating system, .
Statement: Every single county in New York has experienced a federal climate disaster between 2011-2021.
Speaker: rebuild by design
About the speaker: Rebuild by Design was launched after Superstorm Sandy in October 2012. It works with regional leaders and communities to better understand and protect against environmental risks.
Date: March 1, 2023
Location: new york
Topics: environment;climate change;natural disasters 
Context: a report
Fact-check justification: Rebuild by Design wrote, "Every single county in New York has experienced a federal climate disaster between 2011-2021." The group cites federal data showing that every New York county has experienced a federally declared disaster during the period studied and experts say climate change likely played some role. However, because climate change refers to decades-long patterns, rather than individual weather events, it’s impossible to say which of these disasters in New York state were because of climate change. We rate the statement .
Statement: Photo shows President Barack Obama posing with a 420 sign.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 20, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The area’s signs show how much the glacier has receded over time, with each marker representing its boundary throughout history. Obama is seen standing next to a sign with "1961" on it. The caption reads: "The impacts of climate change are real, and the people of Alaska are living with them every day. It's never been more important for us to work together to address this challenge. -bo" A post shared by The Obama White House (@obamawhitehouse) !
Statement: This administration is slashing the Navy to pay for more Obamacare.
Speaker: ed gillespie
About the speaker: Ed Gillespie is a Republican strategist who currently runs the firm Ed Gillespie Strategies. He served as counselor to former President George W. Bush. Gillespie has announced he will run for Virginia governor in 2017. He narrowly lost a 2014 bid for the U.S. Senate to Democrat Mark Warner.
Date: July 26, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: health care;message machine 2014;military
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Gillespie says the Obama administration is "slashing the Navy to pay for more Obamacare." The  is erroneous for two reasons. First, Congress is complicit in the Navy budget cuts. By failing to agree on a debt-reduction plan, it triggered a self-imposed regimen of automatic cuts to defense and domestic programs. Second, Obamacare is shielded from those reductions because it’s not subject to annual appropriations from Congress. The ACA is self-funded through a series of specially enacted taxes and health care efficiencies. Its fortunes are not tied to those of Navy. Gillespie, who has made this statement at least twice, sent us plenty of information, but none of it linked the Navy cuts to Obamacare. We agree with the military expert who called the  "specious nonsense." But at PolitiFact, we call it .
Statement: Says a video shows Greta Thunberg firing a rifle.
Speaker: youtube videos
About the speaker: Videos uploaded to YouTube.
Date: December 12, 2019
Topics: facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: Thunberg is a common target for online misinformation. After giving speeches to Congress and a United Nations climate summit in September, conspiracy theories about her family spread on social media. Dozens of out-of-context or doctored images of Thunberg also gained traction online. The YouTube video is similarly . We rate it .