chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Photos show Joe Biden with a "Chinese handler.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 21, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Cho is identified as a Secret Service agent in the caption of this Associated Press photo showing him Biden and first lady Jill Biden walking to the White House. He’s known as a "perfectionist supervisor," according to the Washington Post, and he was second-in-command of the presidential detail during the Trump administration.   In 2019, the homeland security secretary awarded Cho a gold medal for exceptional service for his role arranging the security for then-President Donald Trump’s historic visit to North Korea. Cho was recognized for "tireless and direct participation in high-level negotiations with the leaders of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea," including planning all security details for Trump’s trip to that country, according to the Department of Homeland Security . We rate claims that Cho is a "Chinese handler" .
Statement: We have a tax code that allows groups to use their political operations within the tax code, under the guise of a charity, to use undisclosed millions of dollars to do political campaigns.
Speaker: xavier becerra
About the speaker: Xavier Becerra is California's attorney general and a Democrat. Previously, he was member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Date: May 19, 2013
Location: national
Topics: elections;taxes
Context: a comment on 'Meet the Press'
Fact-check justification: Becerra said the tax code allows charities to spend undisclosed millions to do political campaigns. Becerra might have used the word "charities" too broadly to describe the tax-exempt organizations that rely on this wrinkle of the tax code. Becerra said he was trying to use language that most people would understand instead of the tax code’s technical term of a 501(c)(4) group. He’s right that these organizations can raise millions to engage in politics, and they need not reveal their donors. We rate this statement .
Statement: Wisconsin is the nation's top cranberry producer — in fact, our farmers harvest around 60 percent of the country's crop.
Speaker: tony evers
About the speaker: Tony Evers, a Democrat, was elected Wisconsin governor in November 2018. His term begins in January 2019. Evers has served as the Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction, a non-partisan position, since 2009. He previously worked as a teacher and school district administrator.
Date: December 28, 2022
Location: national
Topics: agriculture;food;wisconsin
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Cranberry marshes cover about 21,000 acres of the state, and are a part of more than 250 farms.   Our ruling  Evers claimed that Wisconsin is the top cranberry producer in the United States, growing nearly 60% of the crop.   Those figures are on the money. Wisconsin has more than twice the cranberry production of the next highest-producing state, Massachusetts.   We rate this  .
Statement: There are some counties in Texas where the first day of hunting, you have to shut down the schools because people are going to go hunting.
Speaker: lupe valdez
About the speaker: Lupe Valdez, a Democrat elected four times as Dallas County sheriff, declared her candidacy for governor in December 2017. She won the party’s nomination in May 2018.
Date: May 8, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: children;education;recreation
Context: a Facebook Live interview by the Fort Worth Star-Telegram editorial board
Fact-check justification: Valdez declared: "There are some counties in Texas where the first day of hunting, you have to shut down the schools because people are going to go hunting." We didn’t learn how Valdez reached this conclusion, for which we found no confirmation. We rate this  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Marijuana today is "genetically modified," with THC levels that "far surpass the marijuana" of the 1970s.
Speaker: patrick kennedy
About the speaker: Patrick Kennedy is a former Democratic congressman from Rhode Island. He served from 1995 to 2011, opting not to seek re-election in 2010 following the death of his father, Massachusetts Sen. Ted Kennedy.
Date: January 21, 2014
Location: national
Topics: drugs;public health;marijuana
Context: an interview with MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Kennedy said that marijuana today is "genetically modified," with THC levels that "far surpass the marijuana" of the 1970s. Generally speaking, the potency of marijuana has been on the rise since Obama’s youth, though experts disagree about what impact that rise could have on marijuana’s negative health effects, in part because the research so far has been incomplete. The most off-base part of Kennedy’s  is that the rise in THC levels comes from "genetic modification." It’s actually from genetic selection, a very old process of producing desired traits from crops. On balance, we rate his statement .
Statement: The day President Obama took office, gasoline was $1.79 a gallon.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: September 7, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;energy;gas prices
Context: a Republican presidential debate at the Reagan Presidential Library
Fact-check justification: It's also worth noting that a president's ability to affect gasoline prices is limited. "Other than lip service, there is little any president or member of Congress can do about the price of gas, since 70 percent of the cost of a gallon is determined by the cost of crude oil," said John B. Townsend II, a spokesman for the mid-Atlantic region of the American Automobile Association. As recently as early 2009, a gallon of gasoline cost half what it cost today, which may be hard to remember, given the recent run of high prices. But it did cost that little. So we rate Bachmann’s statement .
Statement: Say Bill Gates is linked to HPV vaccine related deaths in India.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 15, 2016
Topics: global news service;public health
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: An anti-vaccination blog tied Bill Gates to the deaths of several girls who were part of an HPV vaccination roll out in India. A full medical investigation determined that the girls died from causes completely unrelated to the vaccine. Some were poisoned by insecticide, malaria took others, and one drowned. Many millions of young girls and boys have received the vaccine over the years and while there are some common side effects, they are mild. The blog post is a mash-up of outdated rumors that were disproven years ago. We rate this  . (Editor’s note: PolitiFact has received funding from the Poynter Institute as part of a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.) https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/832d43f2-30f0-4ddb-b5d8-036835a20af2
Statement: Biden's plan is a 14% tax hike on middle class families.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 12, 2020
Topics: taxes
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The Trump ad said that "Biden's plan is a 14% tax hike on middle class families." There is no  for this assertion. The article cited in the ad says nothing about this, and analyses by independent think tanks found a much smaller indirect hit from the corporate tax hike, one that could well be reversed by larger-scale tax cuts that Biden has proposed and that are currently being analyzed. We rate the statement .
Statement: Large majorities" of the public "oppose major changes to Medicare" and favor higher taxes on the wealthy.
Speaker: paul krugman
About the speaker: Paul Krugman is a columnist for the New York Times and professor of Economics and International Affairs at Princeton University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2008. He describes himself as liberal.
Date: April 18, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;medicare;polls and public opinion;pundits;taxes
Context: a newspaper column
Fact-check justification: Krugman said that "large majorities" support support higher, not lower, taxes on the wealthy, and recent polls support that point. On Medicare, several polls suggest that large majorities, including a majority of Republicans, oppose major changes to the program. One poll, released after Krugman wrote his column, showed an advantage for the Ryan plan. But the preponderance of  at the time Krugman made his statement bears him out. We rate his statement .
Statement: Virginia has "lagged behind other states when it comes to (covid-19) testing.
Speaker: levar stoney
About the speaker: Levar Stoney is a 2016 candidate for mayor of Richmond.
Stoney was appointed Secretary of the Commonwealth in 2014 by Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe. He resigned the post in April 2016 to run for mayor. Prior to that, he served as executive director of the Virginia Democratic Party and worked in a number of campaigns.
Stoney was born in 1981 in New York and later moved to Yorktown, Va. He graduated from James Madison University in 2004, where he was president of the student government.
 
Date: April 10, 2020
Location: virginia
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: On April 10, Stoney said Virginia has "lagged behind other states when it comes to (covid-19) testing."  On any given date from the eve of the mayor's statement through this April 21 writing, Virginia has been last, or next to last, in per capita testing.  So we rate Stoney’s statement .
Statement: Richard Burr voted to protect tax breaks for companies that ship jobs overseas but voted against a tax break to help working people.
Speaker: deborah ross
About the speaker: Deborah Ross is a Democratic politician from North Carolina. She is a lawyer, former state representative and former head of the North Carolina ACLU.
Date: October 13, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: corporations;economy;workers;taxes
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Ross said that Burr "voted to protect tax breaks for companies that ship jobs overseas but voted against a tax break to help working people." PolitiFact has docked points on several versions of this same  in the past, in large part because it oversimplifies the bills in question and doesn’t account for the fact that experts don’t think the bills would have done anything to keep jobs in the United States, or bring them back, had the changes become law. Burr did vote against the bills in question – inconsequential though they might have been – so there is a sliver of  here. But the reality of the situation isn’t nearly so cut-and-dried as Ross describes it. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/b9f6abfd-ac60-43cb-a2dd-20fbc5f6d903
Statement: Federal workers "are paid well above the HOUSEHOLD income in southern Missouri.
Speaker: jason smith
About the speaker: Jason Smith, a Missouri Republican, was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in a special election in June 2013. 
Date: January 30, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: federal budget;income;workers
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The bare bones of Smith’s  hold up to scrutiny. Federal workers do take home more in income than the average household in southern Missouri. But Smith’s statement doesn’t take into account differences between southern Missourians and the average federal employee that help explain income disparity, such as education. We rate this statement .
Statement: The Super Bowl has "one of the highest levels of human sex trafficking activity of any event in the country.
Speaker: john cornyn
About the speaker: John Cornyn is a U.S. senator from Texas, former Texas attorney general and former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He earlier served as a Bexar County state district judge.
Date: January 27, 2015
Location: national
Topics: crime;sports
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Cornyn said that the Super Bowl has "one of the highest levels of human sex trafficking activity of any event in the country." There’s very little  to support this persistent . It’s certainly possible that a Super Bowl host city might attract more sex trafficking during the event than it would at other points in the year given the rapid arrival of many thousands of visitors with money to spend. But there’s no empirical  to prove it.   We rate his  .
Statement: Arizona Department of Education gives green light on face mask and vaccine mandates, as well as implementing Critical (Race) Theory.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 3, 2021
Location: arizona
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post said the Arizona Department of Education issued a letter giving schools a "green light" to impose mask mandates and teach critical race theory. An Arizona Supreme Court ruling voided state laws that barred school districts from enforcing mask mandates and teaching critical race theory.  The Arizona Department of Education letter informed schools of the ruling, but the agency didn’t give them the "green light" to implement mask mandates and teach critical race theory, and it didn’t have the authority to do so. We rate this . RELATED VIDEO:
Statement: A flight crew took a knee and stranded the New Orleans Saints on an airport runway.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 2, 2017
Location: national
Topics: fake news;sports
Context: a fake news post
Fact-check justification: Blair, a self-proclaimed liberal troll, is known to run a number of joke news sites responsible for publishing stories meant to "mess with conservatives," he told PolitiFact in an email last spring. The owner of Freedumjunkshun.com  is listed as a private registrant , so there is not any definitive proof that Blair is behind this site. But a quick look at the website’s About Us reveals the site referring to itself as "Freedom Crossroad," the name of another website that we found to be run by Blair. Regardless of its origins, the post claims that a protesting flight crew stranded the Saints. We rate the  !
Statement: Ukraine issued a press release about Joe Biden
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 1, 2022
Topics: foreign policy;ukraine;russia
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: The caption implies that Ukraine recently released information about Biden. But the video featured in the post is from a press conference held in May 2020 and orchestrated by Derkach, who has been described by U.S. officials as an active Russian agent. During the press conference, Derkach revealed audio tapes that he said served as  of Biden’s misuse of American taxpayer money. But the recordings corroborated Biden’s own account of his dealings in Ukraine. We rate this  .
Statement: Says stimulus money went to buy electric cars from Finland as a payback to Obama supporters.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: July 18, 2012
Location: national
Topics: energy;message machine 2012;stimulus
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: The Romney campaign ad said that stimulus dollars paid for jobs in Finland. There is nothing accurate in this . The federal loan guarantees the company received were not part of the stimulus, and there is no  that any government dollars paid for work done by Finnish workers. Ornisher, the company spokesman, told us the contract to produce the cars in Finland had been signed before the federal loan was approved. Also, measures were put in place to ensure that taxpayer dollars only went for work done in America. Fisker Automotive has yet to open the factory in Delaware but it also hasn’t received the large government loan needed to do that. The ad’s suggestion that the Fisker loan was a reward to a political supporter also falls flat. The program was approved initially by the Bush administration. We rule the  .
Statement: For the first time in U.S. history, a personal inaction will be deemed unlawful -- not purchasing a health-insurance plan
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: March 23, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care
Context: the Wall Street Journal
Fact-check justification: Let’s wrap up. Johnson, in a bold and broad , says the health care mandate is unprecedented in imposing penalties for failure to get insured. But experts agree there is already a long list of "personal inactions" penalized by the government, such as failure to buy auto insurance or attend jury duty. And Johnson’s contention that the health mandate is broader than all the other mandates -- even if  -- doesn’t negate that fact. This merits a .
Statement: A Republican-led softening of firearms training rules means that "untrained individuals" would be allowed to carry guns with a state permit.
Speaker: donna seidel
About the speaker: Democrat Donna Seidel, the assistant minority leader of the Wisconsin Assembly, represents a Wausau area district. She was elected in 2004.
Date: November 7, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: regulation;guns
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: We found his comments, at the very least, strongly suggest that people faking the training could still get permits. Others back up Van Hollen’s assertion that he would be in a weak position, and it’s clear Wisconsin’s rules would be among the most lenient among states requiring permits. The law is still on the books requiring an instructor-led training course, but it’s hard to prove that someone skipped it. So the door is open to "untrained" individuals getting a permit. We rate Seidel’s statement .
Statement: The Federal Reserve "has suspended the availability of new currency.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 9, 2022
Location: national
Topics: financial regulation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a reel
Fact-check justification: Banks make their orders for cash with one of those 12 locations. A Fed spokesperson told PolitiFact that this process wasn’t hindered during 2022 and will continue as normal, without interruption.   The agency said in a December announcement that a new series of Federal Reserve notes is in production. The notes will include the signatures of Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen and U.S. Treasurer Lynn Malerba, the first time in U.S. history that two women have signed currency at the same time. We rate the  that the Federal Reserve "has suspended the availability of new currency" .
Statement: Says Gwen Graham "was a Washington lobbyist.
Speaker: steve southerland
About the speaker: Steve Southerland, a funeral home owner in the Florida Panhandle, was elected to the U.S. House representing Congressional District 2 on Nov. 2, 2010. He lost re-election to Democrat Gwen Graham on Nov. 4, 2014.
Date: September 10, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: Southerland said Graham "was a Washington lobbyist." Even if it’s  that Graham lobbied, it would have been for a brief period a quarter-century ago. But it’s not at all clear that the charge is . Southerland’s campaign based their attack on paperwork from the law firm Graham worked for after earning her law degree, listing her among the support staff. However, Graham provided a note from her supervisor saying that she was a researcher at the time and had not done actual lobbying work. She was listed because listing junior and support staff was a common practice at the time, according to a law firm retained by the Graham campaign. Experts we talked to agreed. At most, Graham’s inclusion on disclosure forms may have technically made her part of a lobbying effort, but there’s little  to suggest what, if anything, she did. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: A small business receiving a federal tax credit "to provide health care for its employees ... would be barred under the Stupak Amendment from allowing their employees to use ... the health care that they offer them for abortion.
Speaker: ed rendell
About the speaker: a Democrat who is serving his second term as governor of Pennsylvania.
Date: November 12, 2009
Location: national
Topics: abortion;health care
Context: the 'Rachel Maddow Show'
Fact-check justification: We give Rendell credit for noting the often overlooked impact the amendment would have on abortion options for employees of subsidized small businesses. He's right that the company cannot simply offer a single, comprehensive health care plan that includes abortion. But both the individuals and the companies in question can purchase separate riders that cover abortion, which suggests that the term "absolutely disallowed" is . This may be cold comfort to abortion-rights advocates, who are generally skeptical of the value of riders, saying that companies may not offer them and that individuals may not purchase them. But it earns Rendell a .