chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: We do have a Trade Deficit with Canada, as we do with almost all countries (some of them massive).
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 15, 2018
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;trade
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted, "We do have a Trade Deficit with Canada, as we do with almost all countries (some of them massive)." On Canada, Trump’s statement is at best telling only part of the story. The United States currently has a trade deficit in goods with Canada, but the United States’ edge in services turns the overall balance of trade into a surplus for the United States. As for the world at large, Trump is  — the United States actually has a surplus with a majority of countries tracked in the official data. However, it’s reasonable to point out that among the biggest trading partners, trade deficits outpace trade surpluses in size. We rate the statement .
Statement: These steps (a middle-class tax cut, national health care plan, foreclosure prevention fund, Social Security fix and more) are all paid for.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 16, 2008
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: Flint, Mich
Fact-check justification: And it may be  that those proposals will leave the deficit smaller than it is now, though we can't say for sure. More to the point, Obama can't say for sure. Until he fleshes out his economic plan considerably more, it's disingenuous to go around claiming his proposals are "paid for." And that  is even more suspect considering that his proposals would leave a larger deficit than would the tax laws currently on the books. We find his  to be .
Statement: 250,000 trucks are participating in the "Freedom Convoy" in Canada.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 27, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The CBC reported that both the Canadian Trucking Alliance and the American Trucking Associations say that up to 26,000 of 160,000 drivers who regularly cross the U.S.-Canada border are likely to be sidelined due to the vaccine mandate.    In Canada alone, as many as 16,000 drivers may be sidelined, according to the Canadian Trucking Alliance. Omar Alghabra, the Canadian transport minister, said about 90% of truckers there are vaccinated.   We couldn’t find any  to support the  that 250,000 trucks are participating in the convoy — five time greater than even the organizers’ estimates.   We rate this post .
Statement: Twenty-five percent of our kids in foster care are there because their parents are involved in drugs.
Speaker: vicky hartzler
About the speaker: Rep. Vicky Hartzler, R-Mo., represents Missouri's fourth district. She was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1994.
Date: October 9, 2015
Location: missouri
Topics: children;drugs;poverty
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Hartzler claimed that a quarter of children in foster care were there because of their parent’s drug abuse. Her  is a modest estimation of the issue, according to reliable data kept by Congress. Drug abuse by parents is the second most prevalent reason for a parent losing custody of a child to foster care services. We rate this  to be .
Statement: The Atlanta shooting suspect wrote an anti-China post on Facebook prior to the shootings.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 17, 2021
Topics: china;crime;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Both are not aligned. Facebook also told PolitiFact that the screenshot does not show a real post.   "We’ve confirmed that these screenshots are  and we’re removing them from the platform for violating our policies," company spokesperson Sally Aldous said. We didn’t find a legitimate Facebook account belonging to Long, but CNN reported that a Facebook spokesperson said the company did remove an Instagram account it believed to be linked to Long. We rate this post .
Statement: White supremacists are going to be "shooting up all Walmarts and will kill Blacks and Mexicans" in San Bernardino, California.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 4, 2022
Topics: terrorism;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Social media posts warned shoppers to stay away from Walmart stores in San Bernardino because police there were warned of threats by white supremacists to kill Black and Mexican shoppers. But police officials in the city and county said there were no credible threats, and a spokesperson for the San Bernardino Police Department said they were monitoring reports of threats nationwide, not specific to the city or county.  Nationally, there have been a few cases of threats being made to Walmart stores, but most were not deemed credible. We rate this  .
Statement: Lead paint was not banned to protect children's health, but because it would protect people from radiation.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 6, 2023
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that lead paint was not banned to protect children’s health, but may have been banned because the paint would have protected Americans from dangerous radiation emitted from 5G, cell phone towers and other wireless technology. Lead paint was banned in homes in 1978 specifically to protect children from the toxic substance’s potential health harms. The ban came decades before wireless technology was widespread in the U.S. There’s no conclusive  that the nonionizing radiation emitted from the technology is causing health problems, and radiation experts said there wouldn’t be enough lead in lead paint to offer any radiation protection. We rate the  .
Statement: Obama, instead of nominating a health professional, he nominated someone who is an anti-gun activist (for surgeon general).
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: October 19, 2014
Location: national
Topics: congress;corrections and updates;ebola;health care;public health;guns
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Cruz said, "President Obama, instead of nominating a health professional, he nominated someone who is an anti-gun activist." Murthy has a long list of credentials showing he is a health professional, including his position as an attending physician at a leading hospital. Murthy runs a health care reform organization that has pushed for gun control measures, and he has expressed personal support for gun control. But enacting gun control is not Murthy’s main cause and not part of his public surgeon general platform. It’s no secret that Murthy is a political ally for Obama and backs his positions on gun control. But it's  to say he's an anti-gun activist but not a health care professional. We rate Cruz’s  . Update, Oct. 24, 2014: After we published this item, Frazier, Cruz’s spokeswoman, wrote us to say that we didn’t note in our original report that Cruz acknowledged Murthy was a medical doctor. We have added to the story additional context from the interview with Crowley to make that clear. Still, we continue to believe that Cruz was  to minimize Murthy’s substantial record as a medical professional -- in ways unrelated to gun policy -- and caricature him as primarily an advocate. Our rating remains the same.
Statement: Yale study: Vaccinated people more likely to be infected than those without the jab.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 24, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that a Yale study showed that vaccinated people are more likely to be infected with omicron than people who are not vaccinated. The  misrepresents the source and findings of the study. It was done by Danish researchers at the Statens Serum Institut, not by Yale researchers.  The study shows a sharp decline in vaccine effectiveness against omicron over time in people who have received two doses. It also shows that effectiveness is restored with a booster dose of Pfizer, although there is not enough data on a Moderna booster. The authors said the study did not conclude that vaccinated people are more likely to be infected with omicron than people who are not vaccinated. They said their findings prove the need for more vaccinations and booster doses to combat the rapid rise of omicron. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Mark Zuckerberg's real name is Jacob Greenberg and he's the grandson of billionaire David Rockefeller.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 18, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But a close look shows they’re not the same person. Zuckerberg was a billionaire at this point, so an arrest for drugs in Arizona would have been covered by local and national media outlets.   Still, there are conspiracy theorists who say Zuckerberg is secretly the grandson of Maurice "Hank" Greenberg , who was once a member of the Rockefeller-founded trilateral commission, and who supposedly married one of Rockefeller’s four daughters. Maurice Greenberg did marry a woman named Corinne Phyllis Zuckerman, but she’s not David Rockefeller’s daughter and doesn’t appear to share any relation with the Rockefeller family — or with Mark Zuckerberg.   We rate this !
Statement: Fuel containing 15% ethanol will ruin a car engine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 12, 2022
Topics: energy;gas prices;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says fuel containing 15% ethanol will ruin a car engine. The EPA and an academic study have said that fuel containing 15% ethanol is safe for cars, trucks and sport-utility vehicles made in 2001 or later — which make up more than 90% of the vehicles on U.S. roads. Many car manufacturers have okayed the use of E15 fuel in their vehicles made in the past 10 years. But the fuel may not be safe for the engines of some vehicles on the road. We rate this  .
Statement: Rick Scott  "invested $38 million in the Port of Jacksonville's vital Mile Point Project," which "covered missing federal funds for the project.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: July 25, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: economy;federal budget;state budget
Context: a newspaper ad
Fact-check justification: Yes, Scott persuaded state leaders to put aside $36 million for the project, with the remaining $2 million coming from the port and the corps. In years past, the federal government paid most of the tab for improving a federal shipping channel. The Republicans’ ad implies Obama bears the burden for missing federal funding for Mile Point, saying Obama "took his eye off the ball."  be told, it’s the fault of Congress, which has final say over Army Corps port projects. A wide-ranging bill that would authorize the Mile Point project is stalled, the norm in recent years. RPOF’s ad is accurate but could use more context. We rate the statement .
Statement: The gunman at Greenwood Park Mall was a CIA asset.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 20, 2022
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: an image on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A viral post shared on Facebook suggested the Greenwood Park Mall shooter was a CIA-activated asset. The suggestion is tied to " flag" claims, which happen frequently after mass shootings like the one in Indiana. Police are still investigating the shooting, but we found no  that the CIA planned Greenwood Park Mall shooting and an armed bystander’s intervention doesn’t show the attack was a " flag." We rate this  . RELATED: Why do some people think mass shootings are staged every time?
Statement: The state's overall revenues only returned this year to 2007 levels.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: September 15, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;state budget
Context: candidate forum
Fact-check justification: At the low point --- which was the fiscal year that ran from July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2010 -- total tax collection were about $14.5 billion -- or $3.3 billion off the peak. It wasn’t until Fiscal 2014, which ended June 30 of this year, that total state tax collections were back to -- and slightly above -- 2007 levels, budget documents show. Tax collections for 2014 were $17.9 billion -- or about $100 million over 2007 levels. The governor is right on the money on this one.    We rate Deal’s statement as .
Statement: They eliminated the funding for community policing.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 15, 2020
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: an ABC town hall
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "They eliminated the funding for community policing." That’s . While the program’s funding is lower than it was in the 1990s, it was never brought down to zero and remains in the neighborhood of $200 million a year. We rate the statement .
Statement: A miscarriage is considered an abortion.
Speaker: eddie lucio, jr.
About the speaker: Brownsville native Eddie Lucio, Jr., was first elected to the Texas Senate in 1990, after serving two terms in the Texas House of Representatives.
Date: February 17, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: abortion
Context: remarks on the Senate floor
Fact-check justification: Often the loss is a miscarriage (sometimes called spontaneous abortion by doctors)." Where does that leave us? There’s  in Lucio’s statement: In medical terms, a miscarriage is also termed a spontaneous abortion. Where the senator got off track was in conflating those natural occurrences with elective abortions — medical procedures that terminate a pregnancy. We rate his statement as .
Statement: The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office says with the supersized staff, the IRS audit rate 'would rise for ALL taxpayers' regardless of income, and would even result in audits of innocent Americans who have paid their taxes and don't owe the IRS anything.
Speaker: joni ernst
About the speaker: Joni Ernst is a Republican senator from Iowa. A former state senator, she won the 2014 GOP primary for an open U.S. Senate seat and defeated Democratic Rep. Bruce Braley in November. She was sworn into Congress in January 2015, replacing long-time Senator Tom Harkin.
Date: August 24, 2022
Location: iowa
Topics: taxes
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: Ernst said a nonpartisan CBO report raised a flag about the Inflation Reduction Act’s impact on all taxpayers by allowing increased audits, regardless of income and even for those who don’t owe on their taxes. Ernst left out pertinent information that is in the CBO report, though. Analysts determined that the new law would bring audit rates back to where they were 10 years ago and that the rate of audits of high-income taxpayers would increase more than for lower-income taxpayers. Biden administration policy would target higher-income payers, the report states. But, the report warns about the possibilities facing lower income earners. We rate her statement to be .
Statement: Capital punishment is a "specific deterrent with the most heinous crimes.
Speaker: jeff bartos
About the speaker: Jeff Bartos is a Montgomery County, Pa.-based businessman and Republican candidate for Pennsylvania lieutenant governor in the Nov. 6, 2018 election. He is the running mate of Republican gubernatorial hopeful Scott Wagner. 
Date: October 6, 2018
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: death penalty
Context: a televised debate
Fact-check justification: Bartos had a point that the jury is still out on whether the death penalty is an effective deterrent. But he also says he’s certain it is "a specific deterrent with the most heinous crimes." Most experts disagree, saying there is no convincing scientific  supporting this conclusion. Bartos’ statements also conflict with each other. For these reasons, and given the emphatic testimony of experts and the dearth of  they point to, we rate his  about the death penalty being "a specific deterrent with the most heinous crimes" .
Statement: Per order from @GovWhitmer, people in Michigan are now banned from purchasing a new baby car seat in stores.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: April 10, 2020
Topics: states;coronavirus
Context: a Twitter post
Fact-check justification: Sachs tweeted: "Per order from @GovWhitmer, people in Michigan are now banned from purchasing a new baby car seat in stores." No part of the executive order bans the sale of car seats, but large stores are under orders to keep customers away from areas selling items in categories such as gardening, flooring and furniture. Two Michigan Walmarts cited the order in initially roping off and prohibiting the sale of car seats, but Walmart clarified for store managers that baby products can be sold in stores or online. Whitmer has repeatedly stated that the sale of car seats is not banned in Michigan.  We rate this  .
Statement: I've been against that war in Afghanistan from the very beginning.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: December 12, 2021
Topics: afghanistan;military
Context: an interview with Rita Braver of CBS
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "I’ve been against that war in Afghanistan from the very beginning." The record tells a different story. Biden, along with every senator, voted to launch the war, three days after the 9/11 attacks. He opposed aspects of the war as vice president, particularly a troop surge 10 years later. We rate Biden’s statement .
Statement: Says Texas Senate hopeful Donna Campbell doesn't live in the district she's hoping to win in 2012.
Speaker: burnt orange report
About the speaker: The Burnt Orange Report, which started in 2003, is a pro-Democratic Party Texas political blog. In its self-description, it says its writers include institutional leaders, political consultants, elected officials, lobbyists and concerned Texans.
Date: October 3, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: We were frustrated in this check because the blogger did not prove her  and Campbell didn’t discuss it with us. Our sense, based on available information, is that while Campbell formerly lived in Colorado County and was even still registered to vote there at the time of the Burnt Orange Report blog post, she settled in the 25th District, and obtained a driver’s license there, some time after voting in October 2010 and before the blogger aired her . We rate the statement .
Statement: Disturbing Pfizer ad tells kids they'll get superpowers from COVID jab.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 3, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: In nearly a minute and a half, no one makes the  that the vaccine gives children superpowers. And the context in which superpowers are mentioned, it’s clear they’re not referring to, say, invisibility or flying. The headline makes a different case, and using language like "disturbing" and "pure evil," leaves readers with the  impression that the company is dangling the  promise of movie superhero powers to trick children into getting the COVID-19 vaccine. That’s . We rate this headline .
Statement: In 2008 (Mandel) was re-elected to a second term, representing a district with a 2:1 Democrat to Republican voter ratio.
Speaker: josh mandel
About the speaker: Josh Mandel, a Republican from Lyndhurst, is a Marine veteran who served two tours in Iraq. He served as Ohio treasurer from 2011 to 2019.  Before that, he was a state representative from the 17th Ohio House District. He unsuccessfully challenged Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 US Senate race. Mandel is running for the GOP nomination for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat in 2022.
Date: August 19, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: elections
Context: a statement posted to his website
Fact-check justification: Obama received 37,350 votes, about 51.5 percent. McCain received 35,207 votes, about 48.5 percent. What all this shows is that depending on which gauge you use, the ratio of Democrats to Republicans can vary significantly. Yet by one measurement, Mandel is correct We rate his statement as . Comment on this item .