chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Vaccinated people under 60 in England "are dying at twice the rate of unvaccinated people the same age. ... I don't know how to explain this other than vaccine-caused mortality.
Speaker: alex berenson
About the speaker: Alex Berenson is a journalist.
Date: November 20, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Berenson claimed in a Nov. 20 blog post that vaccinated people under 60 in England "are dying at twice the rate of unvaccinated people the same age. ... I don’t know how to explain this other than vaccine-caused mortality." Berenson’s  uses a chart based on real mortality statistics from the government. But it reaches a conclusion that is not supported by the data in that report.  For a post that has an element of  but leaves a  impression, our rating is .
Statement: If upstate New York split from downstate "the economic indicators of upstate New York would be among the lowest in the country.
Speaker: robert duffy
About the speaker: Robert Duffy is the former Lieutnenat Governor of New York. He now serves as President and CEO of the Rochester Business Alliance.
Date: August 19, 2016
Location: new york
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: the Rochester Business Journal
Fact-check justification: Duffy wrote in the Rochester Business Journal that "the economic indicators of upstate New York would be among the lowest in the country" if the region split from downstate. We compared national data on unemployment and wages to county-level data to rate his . With Duffy’s definition of upstate New York, unemployment is close to the national average while wages and income are among the lowest in the country according to the latest data. We rate this  as . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/fa7c54fa-de00-4abc-9ed1-8e386ceaf46c
Statement: Celine Dion's 16-year-old Rene-Charles Angelil's was among the 58 victims who were killed" in Las Vegas.
Speaker: houstonchronicle-tv.com
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: October 4, 2017
Location: national
Topics: fake news
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: "On Sunday we lost too many beautiful, innocent souls, and so many are still suffering,. But tonight we’re going to let these families know that we are supporting them and that we will help them through their tragic loss." She made no mention of her son, because he was not a victim of this mass shooting. HoustonChronicle-tv.com has posted other  news articles that we have rated before. Like those articles, we rate the  that René-Charles Angélil was a victim of the Las Vegas massacre as .
Statement: Many types of fish and shellfish from waters across the state are labeled unsafe to eat.
Speaker: james florio
About the speaker: James Florio was governor of New Jersey from 1990 to 1994. He is a Democrat.
Date: December 14, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: environment;food safety
Context: The Star-Ledger
Fact-check justification: Our ruling Florio said in a recent opinion column in The Star-Ledger that most fish from New Jersey waterways "is labeled unsafe to eat." Experts told PolitiFact New Jersey that they agree with the former governor’s assessment but also note that fish from New Jersey waters can be eaten safely by following consumption advisories. Also, fish bought in supermarkets or other stores in New Jersey are labeled, but recreationally caught fish are not. We rate Florio’s statement .   To comment on this story, go to  NJ.com .
Statement: The Z-visa that was offered in that Senate bill let everybody who's here illegally, other than criminals, stay here for the rest of their lives.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: September 5, 2007
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Durham, N.H
Fact-check justification: Only immigrants who meet certain requirements will be able to stay here "for the rest of their lives." For instance, immigrants who have entered before January 1, 2007 are eligible to apply for Z visas. AND Romney is  in stating that illegal immigrants who wish to remain in the U.S. must only prove that they are not criminals. Illegal immigrants who wish to work in the U.S. must pass a background check, pay fines, be consistently employed, and pay taxes. Those seeking permanent citizenship must return to their country of origin and apply for permanent resident status through their applicant as well as pay a $4,000 application fee.
Statement: If we don't spend money on a pier, then that money does wipe into the general funds of the city or the county, and if you send it to the county, you never see it again.
Speaker: bill foster
About the speaker: Bill Foster was elected mayor of St. Petersburg in 2009. He is a former St. Petersburg City Council member.
Date: August 6, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: taxes
Context: a mayoral debate
Fact-check justification: So Foster said that if money isn’t spent on a pier, it will go back to the city and county. He’s technically right . But that doesn’t happen for another 22 years, in 2035. The odds of the city not spending the money -- on the Lens, a different construction project or a refurbishment of the inverted pyramid -- are slim. We rated Foster’s  .
Statement: Say a "left wing extremist, chases down, rams car over Trump bumper sticker.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 1, 2018
Topics: crime;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A headline from Pacific Pundit said a "left wing extremist, chases down, rams car over Trump bumper sticker." The details laid out in the story were  in line with what has been reported in other credible outlets. Until we hear more from the case, the story and headline should be more precise. We rate this statement .
Statement: President Obama gave Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood one and a half billion dollars.
Speaker: barry hinckley
About the speaker: Barry Hinckley ran an unsuccessful race, as a Republican running, for the U.S. Senate in Rhode Island in 2012. A graduate of the University of Colorado, Boulder, he is the founder and former president of Bullhorn Software in Boston. He is also an aviator and has raced sailboats professionally.
Date: April 21, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: deficit;economy;federal budget;human rights;israel;foreign policy
Context: an interview on State of the State
Fact-check justification: Republican U.S. Senate candidate Barry Hinckley said the Obama administration approved $1.5 billion to go to Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood. In fact, the aid package was for the nation of Egypt, not the Brotherhood. The Brotherhood may control the largest bloc of seats in parliament, but it's not even a majority. Not only that, the country itself continues, for now at least, to be controlled by the military. And more than 80 percent of the aid package is military aid. The statement is  for so many reasons, we rate it  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Says "CNN Journalist Of The Year Fired For Creating Fake News Stories," with image of CNN reporter Jim Acosta.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 19, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: In a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A story from The Federalist Papers with the headline "CNN Journalist Of The Year Fired For Creating  News Stories," is being shared on social media with a photo of CNN reporter Jim Acosta. The post is  clickbait. Acosta has nothing to do with the story, and the journalist fired doesn't work for CNN. Readers caught on to the gimmick if they read the full story. Overall, we rate this  .
Statement: Former President Donald Trump said "any indictment of me is an indictment of you.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 14, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: If they can indict ME for stealing nuclear secrets, they can indict YOU for stealing nuclear secrets! If they can indict ME for asking election officials to ‘find’ 11,780 votes, they can indict YOU for asking election officials to ‘find’ 11,780." This post doesn’t appear in Trump’s  Social feed , nor did we find  it ever did.   Plus, the image in the posts on social media include a small watermark in the left corner: imgflip.com , where people can share and create memes .   We rate claims this is an authentic post .
Statement: Says Barack Obama had "huge majorities" in Congress during his first two years in office and "did nothing with them to create jobs in America.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: November 9, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: federal budget;jobs;stimulus
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: In a radio interview, Christie claimed that in Obama’s first two years, the president had "huge majorities in the House and Senate, and did nothing with them to create jobs in America." But Obama and the Democratic-controlled Congress did do something, governor. It’s called the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, a stimulus bill that various economists credit with creating or saving jobs. That’s why it is  for Christie to  Obama did "nothing." ! To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/becce145-1294-4e69-bab4-9896b14ad075
Statement: Wisconsin sold fresh water to California, helping that state's dairy industry, and "lost a bunch of jobs (and) a bunch of farmland.
Speaker: amardeep kaleka
About the speaker: Amardeep Kaleka, a Democrat from suburban Milwaukee, announced in October 2013 that he planned to run against U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan (R-Wis.) in the 2014 election.
Date: October 20, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: agriculture;jobs;states;water
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: And we could find no record of it. Our rating Kaleka said Wisconsin sold fresh water to California and "lost a bunch of jobs (and) a bunch of farmland." There’s no  of such a water sale, something that would have made for countless front-page stories, let alone it leading to a loss of jobs and farmland in Wisconsin. The statement is  and : . You can comment on this item on the Journal Sentinel's web site .
Statement: My property taxes went down largely because my technical college portion went down 35.5% because of the money we put in at state.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: December 12, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Our rating In a tweet, Walker said: "My property taxes went down largely because my technical college portion went down 35.5% because of the money we put in at state." He’s right. We rate his  . ------ More on Scott Walker For profiles and stories on Scott Walker and 2016 presidential politics, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel's Scott Walker page .
Statement: The White House was dark for 10 nights in a row.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 30, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: While some of the windows are indeed dark, one is not, and outdoor lights illuminate the exterior of the building.   A second one shows the doctored version of this photo — the one that appears in the posts now circulating on social media — only it accompanied a 2017 post on a self-described "spoof news and satire" website.   The  news story said that then-President Donald Trump had turned off the White House lights "to fool FBI agents into thinking no one was home." "Obviously the purpose of our Photoshop wasn’t to mislead, but to complement a joke we were making," the managing editor of the website told BBC News last year as it was shared in connection with reports that Trump had sheltered in an underground White House bunker amid protests over George Floyd’s death.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: I've done more impeachments than anybody else in the history of the country.
Speaker: jim sensenbrenner
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner, R-Wis., has served in Congress since 1979. He represents a district covering Milwaukee suburbs.
Date: December 8, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;history
Context: a House Judiciary Committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Many House members have served as a manager in one or two impeachments. Texas Democrat Hatton Sumners managed three during his 34-year House career, which ended in 1947. But only Sensenbrenner has managed four impeachments. We rate his statement .
Statement: Rep. Ilhan Omar "voted yes" to "provide further funding for the 9/11 First Responders Victims Fund" while Sen. Rand Paul "voted no.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 21, 2019
Topics: voting record;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook photo claims Omar "voted yes" to pass a bill extending the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund while Sen. Rand Paul "voted no." The congressional voting record shows that Omar did vote for the measure in the House. At the time the photo was published, Paul objected to a motion to pass the bill in the Senate without debate. The move did not technically constitute a nay vote, but it did effectively halt the legislation. Later, he did officially vote against the bill — he was one of two Republican votes against it. We rate the Facebook post .
Statement: The Obama administration's policies "have reduced minority dropout rate by 25 percent.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: July 23, 2014
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: Las Vegas
Fact-check justification: Biden said Obama administration policies "have reduced minority dropout rate by 25 percent." He’s very close on the numbers, and the administration can take some credit for the decline. But a lot of other factors likely played a role, from Bush-era policies to state-level action to larger forces such as the weak economy, falling teen birth rates and rising preschool enrollment. On balance, we rate Biden’s  .
Statement: Half the states in the U.S. have laws that criminalize criticism.
Speaker: american civil liberties union
About the speaker: The American Civil Liberties Union bills itself as "the nation’s premier defender of the rights enshrined in the U.S. Constitution," defending "individual freedoms including speech and religion, a woman’s right to choose, the right to due process, citizens’ rights to privacy and much more . . . even when the cause is unpopular, and sometimes when nobody else will."
Date: December 22, 2018
Location: national
Topics: civil rights
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The ACLU said that "half the states in the U.S. have laws that criminalize criticism." While almost half of the states do have criminal defamation provisions, to say that these laws criminalize criticism is an overstatement. It fails to represent that the goal of such laws is to criminalize only criticism with actual malice and untruth to hurt others’ reputation. Truthful criticism or opinion would not be subject to prosecution. Even some  statements would be defensible as long as they weren’t made with ill will or reckless disregard. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Charlie Crist "was pro-life, pro-gun and vehemently anti-tax.
Speaker: george lemieux
About the speaker: George LeMieux is a former U.S. Senator from Florida. He was appointed by Gov. Charlie Crist in 2009 to fill the unexpired term of Sen. Mel Martinez and served until January 2011.
Date: August 29, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: abortion;candidate biography;taxes;guns
Context: the Tampa Bay Times
Fact-check justification: LeMieux said that Gov. Charlie Crist "was pro-life, pro-gun and vehemently anti-tax." Crist did describe himself in similar language in 2010 while he was still a Republican and running for U.S. Senate. And we agree that he was consistently for gun rights. His record on abortion was more mixed. At different times, he called himself "pro-life" and he called himself "pro-choice." And even when he called himself "pro-life" in 2006, he said he would not support overturning Roe vs. Wade. In 2010, he earned cheers from abortion rights supporters when he vetoed a bill that would force women who are getting abortions to undergo an ultrasound. Crist portrayed himself as anti-tax and generally avoided tax increases, although he did support the cigarette tax hike and other increases in fees. On the whole, we rate this  . PolitiFact Florida is partnering with 10 News for the election. See video fact-checks here .
Statement: In Florida, "it's illegal for mayors to even bring up gun reform for discussion.
Speaker: wayne messam
About the speaker: Wayne Messam is the mayor of Miramar, Fla. Messam began his tenure as mayor in 2015. He received his bachelor’s degree in management information systems from Florida State University. In 2019, he announced he is running for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: May 16, 2019
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;states;guns
Context: campaign website
Fact-check justification: Messam said that in Florida, "it’s illegal for mayors to even bring up gun reform for discussion." Florida law prohibits local officials from enacting rules on firearms and ammunition. There are penalties for officials who enact or cause the enforcement of such regulations. Officials may choose not to discuss changes to gun laws, since they can’t legally enact them. But that law doesn’t directly prohibit the discussion of gun laws. Messam’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . ​
Statement: If a sealed bag of raw poultry appears "puffy," it means the protein is not safe to consume.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 13, 2022
Topics: agriculture;food;food safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A viral Facebook video claimed sealed bags of raw poultry that appear taut or "puffy" are indicative of spoilage, making the protein unsafe to consume. That’s , according to USDA regulatory guidelines for packaging. Puffy packaging is generally an indicator the distributor used controlled atmosphere packaging, in which oxygen is supplemented with carbon dioxide or nitrogen. We rate this  .
Statement: The country's bankrupt.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: August 11, 2011
Location: national
Topics: bankruptcy;deficit;federal budget
Context: Ames, Iowa
Fact-check justification: Republican presidential candidate Rep. Ron Paul of Texas, who  has raised warning flags about U.S. debt for decades , declared in an Iowa debate Aug. 11, 2011, that "the country's bankrupt." Okay, we'll bite: Is it? PolitiFact Wisconsin tested a similar  in February from Gov. Scott Walker ("We’re broke. We don't have any more money.") and found it   . But Paul's talking about the whole country.
Statement: The "federal government is going after school districts, trying to force them to let boys shower with little girls.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: November 19, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: education;sexuality;sports
Context: an interview with Steven Crowder
Fact-check justification: Cruz said the "federal government is going after school districts, trying to force them to let boys shower with little girls." Cruz’s vision of schoolboys everywhere showering with girls grossly distorts the issue. The fact is the Obama administration has sided with transgender students seeking access to school facilities including locker rooms, holding that anything less would violate federal anti-discrimination requirements. Such conflicts — few and far between — haven’t had to do with the government wanting boys to shower with girls. We rate the  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.