chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Video shows footage from Russia invading Ukraine.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 24, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But this footage is nearly two years old. Posts sharing this video were flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) A reverse image search turns up videos with the same recordings from May 4, 2020, when, the Moscow Times said in a YouTube post , 74 Russian military planes and helicopters flew over Moscow to rehearse for the country’s Victory Day celebration.   We rate claims that the footage shows the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine .
Statement: Says the Obama administration catches and releases nonviolent illegal immigrants.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: December 10, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;criminal justice;crime
Context: Iowa
Fact-check justification: Perry’s statement oversimplifies the administration’s focus on detaining and deporting certain violators of immigration law over others. In fact, people removed from the country on Obama’s watch include both individuals convicted of crimes and those with clean records aside from immigration violations. That said, a majority of the removed detainees last year had a criminal conviction and the share of deported individuals separately convicted of crimes has been on the rise. We rate Perry’s statement .
Statement: California Gov. Jerry Brown has proposed "diverting 30 percent of the funding" from the state's gas tax increase "to non-road related projects like building parks and job training for felons.
Speaker: melissa melendez
About the speaker: California State Senator Melissa Melendez is a Republican and represents Riverside County.
Date: May 11, 2017
Location: california
Topics: state budget;transportation
Context: a press release and a tweet
Fact-check justification: California state Assemblywoman Melissa Melendez recently claimed Gov. Jerry Brown’s budget is "diverting 30 percent of funding from the gas tax to non-road related projects like building parks and job training for felons." There’s some  to her : The governor’s May budget shows about 30 percent of the revenue from this transportation measure goes to categories that won’t directly improve roads for cars and trucks, as dictated by the law Brown signed in April. Most of that 30 percent goes to bicycle, transit and rail projects. Melendez, however, cherry-picked two programs -- parks and workforce training -- that represent less than 3 percent of the overall funding. Melendez’s statement also ignores the fact that roads will see an increased share of the overall funding in future years. Additionally, it’s  and simply not accurate for Melendez to say this money is being ‘diverted’ when Brown’s budget proposes to spend the money exactly as outlined in the bill he signed and the Legislature passed a month earlier. There should be no surprise, at this point, that the measure required funding for transit programs, railways and bicycle and pedestrian paths. The smaller spending on parks, universities and workforce development may raise eyebrows, but was also authorized by SB 1. Melendez’s overall statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate her  .  –  The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Military "recruiting went on at Harvard every single day throughout the time (Kagan) was there.
Speaker: patrick leahy
About the speaker: U.S. Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., is the Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee.
Date: May 16, 2010
Location: national
Topics: kagan nomination;military;this week - abc news
Context: ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: The comment suggests it was business as usual for military recruiters on the Harvard Law School campus. The letter from the student veterans association indicates that was not the case. The limitations described in the letter indicate the organization was not equipped or able to make sure that recruiting went on at Harvard "every single day." Leahy's comment also ignores some important context: namely, that there was a raging legal battle over the extent of the recruiting. And so we rule Leahy's comment .
Statement: Not one of the 17 GOP candidates has discussed how they'd address the rising cost of college.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: August 23, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "Not one of the 17 GOP candidates has discussed how they'd address the rising cost of college." While some Republican hopefuls haven’t had much to say on the issue, it’s not accurate to say none of them have. Rubio has made higher education spending a major plank of his campaign, and other candidates like Christie and Fiorina have set forth ideas and positions. Other candidates have at least mentioned the subject at times. We rate Clinton’s statement .
Statement: California has "the same water infrastructure from when we were 16 million people.
Speaker: dianne feinstein
About the speaker: Dianne Feinstein is a Democratic U.S. Senator from California.
Date: April 3, 2016
Location: california
Topics: infrastructure;water
Context: a newspaper Q&A
Fact-check justification: U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein said California has "the same water infrastructure from when we were 16 million people." Large portions of the state’s modern-day water system, including the State Water Project and Central Valley Project were built in the 1960s, when California reached the 16 million population mark. Some pieces of those systems, which continue to provide water to California’s cities and farms, were completed in the 1970s. In more recent decades, water districts have constructed significant storage reservoirs, plus a large desalination plant, to supplement regional supplies. Feinstein’s comment could have used this additional information. Still, it’s clear that California has not constructed any new statewide projects to match the scale of those of started in the 1960s. We rate Feinstein’s  .    –  The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for   more   on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.   https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/95e5bdea-1aed-4553-bb61-576f12f2ff84
Statement: Says there are four super PACs on the Republican side of the Texas U.S. Senate race.
Speaker: paul sadler
About the speaker: Paul Sadler, a lawyer who previously worked with the Wind Coalition energy advocacy group, served in the Texas House from 1991 through 2003, an East Texas district around Henderson. He was his party's 2012 U.S. Senate nominee.
Date: March 1, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a Travis County Democratic Party candidate forum
Fact-check justification: So, yep: four supers, all linked to Republican candidates in the Texas U.S. Senate race. Sadler told us via email that he did not know of any such PACs supporting him. How would he respond if such a group formed? "Nothing I or anyone else can do -- I think that is the point, isn't it?," he wrote. We rate Sadler’s  .
Statement: Michigan just refused to certify the election results!
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 18, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;michigan
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump claimed that Michigan "refused to certify the election results." That’s not . The State Board of Canvassers that certifies the statewide results has not met yet. The board is scheduled to meet Nov. 23 to vote on certification. In Wayne County, two Republican members of the county canvassing board initially voted against certifying the results but later changed their votes. We rate Trump’s  .  This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Half a million sharks could be killed to make the COVID-19 vaccine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 19, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that a half million sharks could be killed in order to make the COVID-19 vaccines. Squalene is used in several vaccines to help elicit a stronger immune response in the body. But the nine COVID-19 vaccines that have been approved for use across the globe do not contain the compound. Three of 137 vaccines in development worldwide for COVID-19 suggest using squalene as an ingredient, but only two of those have progressed in clinical trials and there is no guarantee they will be approved for use. Finally, calculating the number of sharks it would take to produce a vaccine that uses squalene relies on too many variables to make the half million figure reliable. We rate this  as .
Statement: The number of jobs created and people lifted out of poverty during Bill Clinton's presidency was "a hundred times" what it was under President Ronald Reagan.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: July 17, 2014
Location: national
Topics: economy;history;jobs;poverty
Context: an interview on PBS' "The Charlie Rose Show"
Fact-check justification: Clinton said the number of jobs created and people lifted out of poverty during Bill Clinton’s presidency was "a hundred times" what it was under President Ronald Reagan. Clinton’s record does outpace Reagan’s on the four statistical measures we looked at. But the differences are not like night and day, as her phrasing claims. Both presidents saw improvements, with Clinton’s being incrementally better -- not 100 times better. We rate the  .
Statement: Photo shows Bernie Sanders at the 1969 Stonewall riots.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 14, 2020
Topics: lgbtq;facebook fact-checks
Context: a meme
Fact-check justification: via MEME Sanders is no stranger to protests, though; he was arrested in 1963 during a civil rights demonstration in Chicago. He also has a history of advocating for gay rights. But there’s no  that Sanders was at the Stonewall riots. The Instagram post is . We rate it .
Statement: Democrats pledged to "force all North Carolinians into a single-payer health insurance scheme" that would cost $72 billion.
Speaker: north carolina republican party
About the speaker: The N.C. GOP is a political party in North Carolina
Date: October 23, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: health care
Context: an ad campaign
Fact-check justification: The N.C. GOP says part of the Democrats’ agenda is to "force all North Carolinians into a single-payer health insurance scheme" that would cost $72 billion. As for implementing a single-payer healthcare system, the GOP is right about the potential cost. But they’re  voters about what the bill would do, who supported it and what the Future Now pledge represents. The bill directed a study — not implementation of a single-payer health system. It was sponsored by 10 Democrats and hasn’t been pushed by the party as a whole. The Future Now pledge, meanwhile, doesn’t specifically endorse a single-payer health care system. We rate this  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide.
Statement: President Trump's tariffs are "taking $1.4 billion out of working people's pockets every month.
Speaker: kamala harris
About the speaker: Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States. Harris was elected as a senator from California in 2016. She previously was California’s attorney general from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 until 2011, she was the district attorney of San Francisco. Harris received a bachelor’s degree in political science and economics from Howard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in December. On Aug. 11, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden named Harris as his running mate.
Date: June 1, 2019
Location: california
Topics: economy;trade
Context: a speech at the California Democratic Party Convention
Fact-check justification: It notes, however, that was the impact for 2018 and that all consumers felt the effect of the tariffs not just working people.   There’s no way yet to know the full impact of the president’s tariffs this year. We rate Harris’  .   – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Proposed federal regulations would affect every street sign in the country
Speaker: william howell
About the speaker: William Howell, R-Falmouth, represents the 28th District, which is comprised of parts of Fredericksburg and Stafford County, in the Virginia House of Delegates. He was first elected as a delegate in 1987 and was named speaker of the house in 2003.
He earned a bachelor's degree in business administration from the University of Richmond and a law degree from the University of Virginia. He is a former director of the Virginia Chamber of Commerce and former president of the Fredericksburg Regional Chamber of Commerce.
Date: December 21, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: transportation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: He’s right about the letters, which is the seed of a growing controversy. He’s a bit  about the size. The regulations would not require all street signs to be the same size, although they do offer guidelines. But that doesn’t detract from his main point, that Washington is considering regulations affecting every street sign. We find Howell’s statement .
Statement: Under President Barack Obama, "more Americans are in poverty ... than at any time since the Census Bureau began keeping records on it over 50 years ago.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: November 9, 2011
Location: national
Topics: history;poverty
Context: a written opening statement for a debate
Fact-check justification: Gingrich is right about the absolute number of Americans in poverty. A better understanding of the extent of poverty in the United States requires looking at the number of people in poverty as a percentage of the population. Measuring it that way, the current poverty rate is not the highest ever. Still, this rate is the second highest in more than four decades, which fits with Gingrich’s general point. However, we think Gingrich overstates the amount of blame Obama personally deserves for this statistic. On balance, we rate his statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/435851f0-ed97-4aab-bb33-a751e6f8c8b4
Statement: The NFL is "getting massive tax breaks.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 10, 2017
Location: national
Topics: baseball;federal budget;sports;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said the NFL is "getting massive tax breaks." Since 2015, the NFL hasn’t benefitted from a not-for-profit tax break enjoyed by many professional sports league offices. However, it does enjoy tax exemptions on municipal bonds used to build stadiums. Other sports leagues also benefit from this tax code loophole, sometimes to a greater extent. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says that Starbucks took "Christmas off of their brand new cups.
Speaker: joshua feuerstein
About the speaker: Joshua Feuerstein is a former pastor who uses social media to promote his vision of evangelical Christianity.
Date: November 5, 2015
Topics: religion;punditfact
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Feuerstein said Starbucks took "Christ and Christmas" off their cups. Feuerstein’s prank suggested he meant the word Christmas literally. Going back over 10 years, we could find no proof that the words Christ or Christmas have ever appeared on a Starbucks cup. If they weren’t there in the first place, you can’t say the company removed them. We rate this  .
Statement: Obamacare … carries on even under a government shutdown.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: August 4, 2013
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care
Context: an interview on CBS' "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: Ryan said that "Obamacare … carries on even under a government shutdown." For various reasons, most key parts of the law -- the insurance marketplace, the premium subsidies, and the taxes and regulations -- should continue unimpeded. But shutdowns are rare and unpredictable, so we can’t be entirely sure that there will be no major interruptions. We rate his  .
Statement: The Hollywood celebrities endorsing Hillary Clinton are "in many cases celebrities that aren't very hot anymore.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 24, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Tampa, Fla
Fact-check justification: Trump said the Hollywood celebrities endorsing Hillary Clinton are "in many cases celebrities that aren’t very hot anymore." Trump has a point that out of hundreds of celebrities endorsing Clinton, some have faded. But the data doesn’t lie. Many prolific Clinton-backing stars remain popular according to several metrics: social media influence, earning potential, and popularity on celebrity news blogs and websites. Supporters like Katy Perry, Justin Timberlake, Meryl Streep and George Clooney are arguably the most visible and enthusiastic. Trump’s statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/57cb5021-de28-46f5-840e-64751fb508fe
Statement: Due to the new 'delta variant' California will be mailing in ballots for recall election.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 3, 2021
Location: california
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The Associated Press reported that lawmakers didn’t mention the recall election during debate over the bill before it was passed on Feb. 16. The AP quoted Assemblyman Marc Berman as saying the legislation "recognizes that the pandemic has not gone away. "   But to  that lawmakers are seizing upon the delta variant to extend universal mail-in voting for the recall election is . We rate that  .
Statement: If the sequester hits, federal prosecutors will have to "let criminals go.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 19, 2013
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;federal budget;legal issues;crime
Context: Washington, D.C.
Fact-check justification: Obama said that, if the sequester hits, "federal prosecutors will have to close cases and let criminals go." It’s clear that U.S. Attorney’s offices are looking at a potential cut of $101 million, and a reduction of that size would almost certainly cut back on prosecutions in some fashion. However, the impacts are not as clear-cut as Obama’s bold language suggests. Officials will have a fair amount of discretion in prioritizing what types of cases prosecutors will pursue, possibly cutting back on civil cases rather than criminal ones. And the cuts taking place in U.S. Attorney's offices wouldn't directly affect "criminals" at all, but rather suspects and targets of prosecution who haven't had their guilt determined yet. These represent significant exaggerations, so we rate the  .