chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Obama ad contends that John McCain endorses Rush Limbaugh's comments about immigration.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 18, 2008
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a video ad
Fact-check justification: The Obama campaign suggested McCain presented to a different face when speaking to Latinos at the National Council of La Raza Convention in July, but the full text of his answer does not back that up. Anyway, these relatively minor points raised by the Obama campaign are overshadowed by the larger import of the TV ad, which attempts to link McCain to seemingly racially insensitive remarks by Rush Limbaugh. As ABC’s Jake Tapper so aptly notes in his Political Punch blog , "even if one is uninclined to see Limbaugh’s quotes as having been taken unfairly out of context, linking them to McCain makes as much sense as running a quote from Bill Maher and linking it to Obama. " We are inclined to think the Limbaugh quotes were lifted out of context, and we think that presenting them in an ad about McCain’s immigration policy — as if McCain somehow endorsed those comments — isn’t just , it’s "pantalones en fuego" .
Statement: Since President Obama took office, gas prices have gone up 67 percent.
Speaker: johnny isakson
About the speaker: Johnny Isakson, a Republican, is a U.S. senator from Georgia
Date: March 11, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: cap and trade;climate change;economy;gas prices
Context: a Twitter post
Fact-check justification: There are two elements to Isakson’s : the actual statistics and his implication that Obama is to blame for rising gas prices. Isakson’s precise statement about gas prices is accurate. They have increased. But the overall statement, intended as a political broadside, leaves out important details and takes things out of  context. We rate this  .
Statement: Fewer people get hurt playing rugby" than American football.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: April 13, 2023
Topics: public health;sports
Context: a speech to the Irish parliament
Fact-check justification: Biden said that "fewer people get hurt playing rugby" than American football. Significant academic research suggests that rugby results in higher rates of overall injuries and concussions than American football does — often two to three times higher. Other studies paint a more nuanced comparison in injury rates between the two sports. However, even these studies suggest that injuries from rugby can be serious, both in real time and over a lifetime. We rate the statement .
Statement: Wisconsin Republicans have not passed a single bill in 6 months.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 4, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: public health;states;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral Facebook post says, "Wisconsin Republicans have not passed a single bill in 6 months," criticizing a lack of legislative action amid the coronavirus pandemic. The timeframe is largely accurate. It’s been more than five and a half months since the Legislature passed any bill. It’s not unusual in an election year for the Legislature to adjourn from spring until the new year. But the Wisconsin Legislature’s inaction is unusual for this year, as lawmakers have done less than almost any other state to address the pandemic despite being one of just 10 full-time legislatures in the nation. That makes this a reasonable statement. We rate this  .
Statement: New Washington state law allows "government to take away minors from parents if they refuse to agree to gender-transition surgery.
Speaker: the gateway pundit
About the speaker: The Gateway Pundit is a conservative website.
Date: May 10, 2023
Topics: children;legal issues;sexuality;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Republican Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis is expected to sign  legislation that broadly prohibits gender-affirming care for transgender minors, leading to claims that the government could "kidnap" transgender children from their parents. The bill does not grant the state unilateral power to "kidnap" or take custody of a child receiving gender-affirming care from a family, but it does change how custody disputes between parents are resolved. A California law that took effect in September provides legal protections for parents fleeing states that have banned gender-affirming health care for youths. The law does not permit the state to take custody of a child if one parent disagrees with a child’s decision to seek gender-affirming health care, as some claims have suggested.​  The Washington law does not allow "government to take away minors from parents if they refuse to agree to gender transition surgery." We rate the  .
Statement: I've lived" in Milwaukee "all 61 years of my life.
Speaker: andy gronik
About the speaker: Democrat Andy Gronik, a businessman who lives in the Milwaukee suburb of Fox Point, announced in July 2017 that he would run for governor of Wisconsin in 2018 in his first run for public office. He dropped out of the race on June 21, 2018.
Date: May 13, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;education;population
Context: a candidates forum
Fact-check justification: Our rating Gronik told an audience made up largely of Milwaukee teachers at an education forum in Milwaukee: "I’ve lived here (in Milwaukee) all 61 years of my life." Gronik acknowledged to us that he grew up in one Milwaukee suburb, Glendale, and now lives in another, upscale Fox Point. "Milwaukee" as sort of a blanket term for the city and its close-in suburbs is not entirely . But in the context of Gronik’s , it’s . We rate his statement .
Statement: The Chris Hani Baragwanath in South Africa is "the world's third-biggest hospital.
Speaker: chris hani baragwanath hospital
About the speaker: The Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital is based in Soweto in Johannesburg, South Africa
Date: February 29, 2016
Topics: global news service;health care;public health
Context: a page on the hospital's website
Fact-check justification: Administrators of the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto, Johannesburg, said theirs is the third-largest in the world. Today, the hospital has 2,888 useable beds. A hospital in Belgrade, Serbia, has 3,470. The Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital is large, but not as large as it believes. We rate this statement .
Statement: You can't read a speech by George Washington . . . without hearing him reference God, the Almighty.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: April 8, 2009
Location: national
Topics: pundits;religion
Context: a radio broadcast
Fact-check justification: "They were sort of products of the 18th century Enlightenment," said John Ferling, a retired professor at the University of West Georgia whose book, The Ascent of George Washington: The Hidden Political Genius of an American Icon , is due to be published in May. "They thought in terms of there being a Supreme Creator who created life and the universe but then didn't intrude in things from that point on." So Washington wasn't nearly the devout Christian that Limbaugh suggested he was and he did not refer to God in all his speeches as the talk show host claimed. We find Limbaugh's  is .
Statement: 2,000 illegal aliens were arrested by ICE in 2017 for murders committed here in the United States!
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 31, 2018
Topics: immigration;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: This Facebook post claims that in 2017, ICE arrested 2,000 undocumented immigrants for murder. The number appears to stem from an ICE report detailing how many immigrants the agency arrested for being in the country illegally in fiscal year 2018. But it is being misinterpreted and misused. According to the report, those arrested for immigration offenses had a combined 2,028 homicide charges and convictions in their records. But those offenses could have been accumulated over many years — not just 2017 — and didn’t necessarily happen the same year ICE arrested these people. In addition, a homicide could be a murder, but it could also be an accidental killing. Finally, ICE didn’t pick any of these folks up for murder; it picked them up for being in violation of the nation’s immigration laws. We rate this  .
Statement: Even a 100 percent tax on millionaires would only fund four months of government operations, failing to seriously address budget deficits and debt.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: October 9, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: deficit;federal budget;taxes
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Newer data tells a bit different story, even while somewhat bolstering Ryan’s point. But he misfires in suggesting a limited budget impact from such a hypothetical tax. In the year he chose, the federal deficit would have been wiped out. So, Ryan is close to the mark on his math but the details work against his overall point. We rate his  .
Statement: Workers have begun removing spires of Cinderella Castle at Magic Kingdom ahead of Hurricane Dorian.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 29, 2019
Topics: weather;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Using FotoForensics, a visual analysis tool, we were able to isolate the manipulation. The tool results indicate that someone cloned part of the blue sky and placed it over part of the castle spire on the left-hand side. The right-hand spire appears to have been removed altogether. The Facebook post is not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: At the end of 2016, there were 23 percent fewer federal prosecutions than in 2011, so (prosecutors) looked at this scourge (opioid deaths) and they let it go by.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 8, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: drugs;crime
Context: a briefing on opioids
Fact-check justification: Trump said "at the end of 2016, there were 23 percent fewer federal prosecutions than in 2011, so (prosecutors) looked at this surge and they let it go by." Trump made the statement in the context of rising opioid overdose deaths. An analysis of data shows that federal drug charges overall declined 23 percent between 2011 and 2016. But that data doesn’t tell us anything about opioid cases specifically. Where Trump misses the mark is his suggestion that the drop in prosecutions is to blame for the opioid epidemic, which started before Obama’s tenure and then grew worse during his presidency. Obama could have done more earlier to address the epidemic, experts said, but there is no  that his strategy on federal drug prosecutions led to a spike in opioid overdose deaths. We rate this  .
Statement: Sen. Obama "made the very argument he is now criticizing back in November 2006.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: October 25, 2007
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Fact-check justification: After that, he says the reduced forces in Iraq would still have a role to play in sending a message to Iran and Syria. But it's an exagerration to say that he has dramatically switched positions. The Clinton campaign is right when it asserts that there is little difference between Clinton and Obama on Iran policy. Both advocate aggressive diplomacy and economic sanctions, and both say a military strategy cannot be ruled out. But selectively quoting Obama from the November speech is a weak point for this argument, so we rate this  .
Statement: I'm one of two members of Congress out of 535 that takes no corporate cash, no political action committee money.
Speaker: beto o'rourke
About the speaker: Beto O’Rourke is a former representative of Texas’s 16th Congressional District. He represented the district from 2013 until 2019, when he gave up his seat to run a senate campaign against incumbent Ted Cruz, which O’Rourke lost. He received a bachelor’s degree in English literature from Columbia University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: March 31, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: campaign finance;congress;ethics;history
Context: Dallas
Fact-check justification: O’Rourke said: "I’m one of two members of Congress out of 535 that takes no corporate cash, no political action committee money." Unsaid: no candidate can take corporate cash; that’s illegal. Otherwise, we found, O’Rourke was one of at least five (not two) House incumbents to keep no PAC contributions in the run-up to the 2016 elections. He also hasn’t accepted PAC aid into 2017 though he drew on about $297,000 in PAC donations in his House bids of 2012 and 2014--actions not recapped in his Dallas call for contributions. We rate this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: In the 1950s,  "A lot of people got rich — and they had to pay a top tax rate of 90 percent.
Speaker: michael moore
About the speaker: Michael Moore directed the movie "Capitalism: A Love Story" and is a well-known documentary filmmaker. His movies includes "Roger and Me," "Bowling for Columbine," "Fahrenheit 9/11," and "Sicko." He won the Academy Award for best documentary in 2002 with "Bowling for Columbine," and he was a nominee in 2007 for "Sicko." Michael Moore's Web site is www.MichaelMoore.com.
Date: October 2, 2009
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: his movie "Capitalism: A Love Story"
Fact-check justification: The top marginal tax rates paid by the richest Americans were far higher in the 1950s than they are now. In 2009, the top marginal rate was 35 percent on income above $372,958. And although Moore didn't use the term "marginal tax rate," he did say "top tax rate." People without CPAs might  that for a person's average tax rate (it's not), but it's valid wording. And so we rule this one .
Statement: Pfizer CEO has not yet had vaccine.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 22, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Some social media accounts posted that news as if it was new. It wasn’t.   Neither is this interview. Bourla is vaccinated against COVID-19. We rate this post .
Statement: Women in Barack Obama's White House are earning less than men.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 26, 2012
Location: national
Topics: jobs;women
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: In the broadest sense, the Romney campaign is on solid ground when it says that "women in Barack Obama's White House are earning less than men." But the closer you look at the data, the less striking this conclusion becomes. First, the Obama White House has more equitable pay rates than the economy as a whole. And second, when you look at employees who have the same titles, only a small fraction of women are out-earned by men, a difference that might be explainable by differences in experience and longevity rather than discrimination. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: Over the last six years, the state of Illinois spent about $320 million on illegal immigrants.
Speaker: bill mitchell
About the speaker: Rep. Bill Mitchell (R-Forsyth) is an Illinois state representative for the 101st district.
Date: April 20, 2016
Location: illinois
Topics: immigration;health care
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Mitchell claimed that the state of Illinois spent $320 million on health care for illegal immigrants over the past six years. The state’s independent audit reports on the All Kids program from 2009 to 2014 support his . There’s no direct  or research that shows Mitchell failed to mention any important unseen benefits of the program that would significantly change the context of his argument. We rate this  .
Statement: California's Capitol building is "second only to Disneyland," among visitor sites in the state.
Speaker: richard pan
About the speaker: Richard Pan is a pediatrician and serves in the California State Senate representing the Sacramento region. He is a Democrat.
Date: April 7, 2016
Location: california
Topics: tourism
Context: remarks at a Capitol budget hearing
Fact-check justification: State Sen. Richard Pan said the state Capitol is "second only to Disneyland" in visitors in California. This center of state government draws about a bit more than one million annually. But that’s peanuts compared with Yosemite, the San Diego Zoo or Monterey Bay Aquarium, which attract between two and four times as many per year. A state spokesman said the  about the Capitol is "an old wives’ tale." If it ever was correct, it’s long outdated and now just flat out . We rate that part of the senator’s statement .    –  The statement is not accurate. Click here for   more   on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/2e813aa3-54dd-4d3b-9d6d-493ac130feab
Statement: Every 1 percent increase in the cost of health insurance today causes about 30,000 Georgians to be uninsured.
Speaker: judson hill
About the speaker: Judson Hill is a Republican state senator from Marietta.
Date: March 7, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: That’s based on 3 percent of Americans living in Georgia. Considering the recession’s impact in Georgia and that a larger percentage of Georgians were uninsured between 2008 and 2010, maybe the total is higher. Custer, the Georgia State expert, believes Hill is close with his estimate. We’re a little more skeptical about the senator’s math. Our rating: .
Statement: Pfizer funneled $12 million to CNN anchor Anderson Cooper as part of a deal to promote mRNA COVID jabs to the American public.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 6, 2023
Topics: health care;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a screenshot on Instagram
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that "Pfizer funneled $12 million to CNN anchor Anderson Cooper as part of a deal to promote mRNA COVID jabs to the American public." The post credited anti-vaccination advocate and presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. as the ’s source. That’s a distortion of Kennedy’s comments, but Kennedy did not provide any information to back up a related assertion — that Pfizer contributes $10 million toward Cooper’s salary.  A spokesperson for his campaign said the statement was not meant to be taken literally. A spokesperson for CNN called his remarks "fabricated and ." We rate this  .
Statement: Says Rachel Levine was Time magazine's "Woman of the Year.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 29, 2021
Topics: sexuality;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Until 1999, the magazine named a "Man of the Year.") Levine was not spotlighted on one of those Time covers, either.  Time magazine covers frequently crop up on Facebook and other social media platforms. They have targeted former Presidents Donald Trump and Barack Obama in the past. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Clayton County offers the lowest operating millage rate in Metro Atlanta.
Speaker: clayton county government
About the speaker: Clayton County government serves about 250,000 residents and has a five-member board of commissioners. The county seat is Jonesboro, located approximately 20 miles south of Atlanta.
Date: November 2, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: We checked on Monday and it was gone. In closing, the county’s website claimed it had the lowest operating millage rate in metro Atlanta. That information, the county now says, was based on outdated information and was going to be removed. Kudos to Clayton for correcting the information. The  was .