chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Nationwide tuition at public universities is up almost 300 percent ... in the last 20 years.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: February 6, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: Tallahassee
Fact-check justification: Biden said "Nationwide, tuition at public universities is up almost 300 percent ... in the last 20 years." The College Board’s data shows that between 1991-92 and 2011-12, it increased by about 291 percent for public four-year universities in current dollars -- one valid way of measuring tuition hikes. Adjusted for inflation, however, tuition hasn’t gone up quite that fast -- it’s up 136 percent. So we rate Biden’s  .
Statement: John McCain "has threatened extinction for North Korea and sung songs about bombing Iran.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 26, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: Oxford, Miss
Fact-check justification: But given that it was one remark from 14 years ago, we question its relevancy to today's campaign. Because Obama omits the context of the remark and North Korea is still in the headlines, voters would likely think McCain said it recently, which was not the case. In the end, Obama is right that McCain said both things. But since the context of the Obama  was a discussion of what "a president" should or shouldn't say publicly, we're not going to give full weight to the 14-year-old tough-talking remarks of a senator who at the time hadn't ever declared himself a candidate for the presidency. We rate Obama's statement .
Statement: Rick Scott "was forced to resign as the head of a company that pled guilty to massive amounts of systematic fraud, including 14 felonies, leading to a historic $1.7 billion fine.
Speaker: alex sink
About the speaker: Alex Sink is a candidate for Congress in Florida's 13th Congressional District. She served as Florida's Chief Financial Officer from 2007 to 2011. She was the Democratic Party's nominee for governor in 2010, but lost to Rick Scott.
Date: May 18, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;health care
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: I learned hard lessons, and I've taken that lesson and it's helped me become a better business person and a better leader." In its , the Sink campaign says Scott "was forced to resign as the head of a company that pled guilty to massive amounts of systematic fraud, including 14 felonies, leading to a historic $1.7 billion fine." Scott's former company, Columbia/HCA, did plead guilty to 14 felony charges stemming from a massive federal fraud investigation, and Scott himself admits the company wound up paying $1.7 billion in fines. Whether Scott was forced to resign or not is something of an HR employment trick, but  media accounts certainly suggest the company's board of directors was under pressure from shareholders to shake things up. That's enough to rate Sink's  .
Statement: Anthony Fauci was on the Clinton Foundation board for 20 years and "currently serves on Gates Foundation.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 12, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Grand Challenges in Global Health Initiative was aimed at AIDS, malaria and other diseases, and Gates announced at the time that it would be administered by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, which agreed to provide scientific advice and support. The board that Fauci belonged to was formed to determine what "grand challenges" in global health could help thwart disease if they were solved. The initiative then provided grants to scientists around the world to look for solutions to the challenges.    But we found nothing to support what the Facebook post alleges.   We rate it .
Statement: Says Tim Burns and Rebecca Dallet "have openly criticized laws signed by Governor Walker that they disagree with and are campaigning as activists who will implement their policies from the bench.
Speaker: michael screnock
About the speaker: Michael Screnock is a judge for the Sauk County Circuit Court in Wisconsin. He was appointed by Republican Gov. Scott Walker in 2015 and ran unopposed for election in 2016. In 2017, he announced he would run in 2018 for a seat on the Wisconsin Supreme Court. 
Date: January 29, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: ethics;legal issues
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: I won’t be afraid to stand up to Donald Trump and Scott Walker, or whomever is in power, when I’m on the Supreme Court bench." Our rating Screnock says Burns and Dallet "have openly criticized laws signed by Governor Walker that they disagree with and are campaigning as activists who will implement their policies from the bench." Burns has been explicit on both counts. Dallet hasn’t criticized laws signed by Walker or campaigned to implement certain policies, although she has identified certain issues that are important to her. For a statement that is partially accurate, our rating is .
Statement: The @nytimes states today that DJT believes 'more countries should acquire nuclear weapons.' How dishonest are they. I never said this!
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 13, 2016
Location: national
Topics: nuclear
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted, "The @nytimes states today that DJT believes ‘more countries should acquire nuclear weapons.’ How dishonest are they. I never said this!" Trump accused the New York Times  of mispresenting his belief, but the newspaper did not. The reporter portrayed his comments on arming other countries with nuclear weapons as something Trump "has suggested" to further U.S. security interests. Trump has said he is opposed to nuclear proliferation while also repeatedly saying some countries, namely Japan and South Korea, might be "better off" if they were to develop nuclear weapons, given their proximity to North Korea. He even made such comments to the New York Times . We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: Barack Obama wrote a thesis at Columbia University in which he criticized "plutocratic thugs" and said the Constitution gave Americans "the shackles of hypocrisy.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 23, 2009
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;legal issues
Context: a posting on many blogs
Fact-check justification: "I encourage anyone who's on the Internet, make sure it's linked to an accredited news source," he said. "If you do pass it along, you should say, 'This is probably , but this says the president is a lizard." So once again, satire from Jumping in Pools has triggered an avalanche of unwarranted outrage. And so for the many bloggers who spread the  information, we set the meter ablaze – . And check your facts next time, okay?
Statement: Buffalo Bills player Damar Hamlin's collapse was caused by the COVID-19 vaccine.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: January 4, 2023
Location: ohio
Topics: corrections and updates;public health;sports;facebook fact-checks;new york;coronavirus
Context: an image shared on Instagram
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that Hamlin’s collapse was caused by the COVID-19 vaccine.  The Bills said Hamlin experienced a cardiac arrest following a hit on the field. Doctors are still investigating what might have led to Hamlin’s loss of heart function. No one close to his case has suggested that COVID-19 vaccines are to blame; and Hamlin's vaccination status is not publicly known. A growing body of research shows the COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective. In some cases, they have been linked to inflammation of the heart, but experts say the risk of heart inflammation is greater from COVID-19 infection than the vaccine. Experts who have viewed the video said Hamlin’s cardiac arrest was likely caused by commotio cordis, which is often seen among athletes who’ve taken hits to the chest, or potentially an underlying heart condition. We rate claims that Hamlin’s collapse is attributable to COVID-19 vaccines . CORRECTION, Jan. 5, 10 a.m. : This story has been changed to remove Dorrian Glenn’s  that Hamlin was resuscitated twice. The family has since clarified Hamlin was resuscitated once.
Statement: In Missouri, there are still (FEMA) cases pending from floods that occurred in 2013.
Speaker: vicky hartzler
About the speaker: Rep. Vicky Hartzler, R-Mo., represents Missouri's fourth district. She was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1994.
Date: October 30, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: natural disasters 
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Hartzler said: "In Missouri, there are still (FEMA) cases pending from floods that occurred in 2013." While most counties in Missouri have had their resolutions to their claims involving flooding in August 2013, Pulaski County has had a long battle with FEMA over funding in the last four years. The approval for the last round of funds went out after Hartzler’s news release at the end of October. Pulaski County is awaiting physical repairs, and FEMA does not close cases until physical repairs are completed. Although what Hartzler said is , there is only one case that was still pending when she made her comment. Hartzler’s statement sounds as though there are multiple cases that FEMA had not responded to. Her statement is accurate but needs additional information or clarification. So we rate this  .
Statement: Says Mary Burke's Madison school district "will be the only school district left in the state" to "ignore the (Act 10) law" in the 2015-16 school year.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: September 3, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: unions;workers
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Such a move could or would subject a district to legal challenge. Our rating Walker said Mary Burke’s Madison school district "will be the only school district left in the state" to "ignore the (Act 10) law" in the 2015-16 school year. Due to some legal circumstances, Madison stands alone right now with a 2015-’16 contract that has pre-Act 10 elements. The law has affected some elements of district policies nonetheless. We rate Walker’s  .
Statement: You (Hillary Clinton) get a subpoena, and after getting the subpoena you delete 33,000 emails.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 9, 2016
Location: national
Topics: history;homeland security;legal issues;transparency
Context: the second 2016 presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "You (Hillary Clinton) get a subpoena, and after getting the subpoena you delete 33,000 emails." Clinton’s staff received a subpoena for Benghazi-related emails March 4. An employee managing her server deleted 33,000 of Clinton’s emails three weeks later. The FBI found no  that the emails were deleted deliberately to avoid the subpoena or other requests. Clinton’s team requested for the emails to be deleted months before the subpoena came. They also argued that all the emails that would be relevant to the subpoena had already been turned over to the State Department. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Says David Jolly refused "to cut spending for a national greenhouse in D.C.
Speaker: club for growth
About the speaker: The Club for Growth is an anti-tax group.
Date: July 20, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: The Club for Growth said Jolly refused "to cut spending for a national greenhouse in D.C." While "greenhouse" trivializes the U.S. Botanic Garden, the group is right that Jolly broke with most Republicans in voting against a 2014 amendment to cut funding for repairs to the complex’s roof and facade. We rate the  .
Statement: A photo shows women who "gathered to scream at Trump through their vaginas.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 21, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  In September 2016, the magazine Dazed published an interview with Canavan, an artist who created a series of portraits of women for her "Raising the Skirt" project, which in part aimed to change public perceptions about the female body. According to an archived About page on the Raising the Skirt website , the project began as a three-day workshop funded by Live Art Development Agency. Photographer Dawn Felicia Knox documented workshops, according to the site. It had nothing to do with Donald Trump. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Radio Marti and TV Marti have spent more than $500 million to reach less than 1 percent of the Cuban population.
Speaker: lawrence o'donnell
About the speaker: Lawrence O'Donnell is the host of MSNBC’s The Last Word. He was formerly the chief of staff for both the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance and the Committee on Environment & Public Works in the 1990's. He is also an actor, and has been executive producer of the television shows The West Wing and Mister Sterling. O'Donnell blogs at the Huffington Post as well. In the past, O'Donnell has described himself as a socialist.
Date: July 8, 2014
Topics: foreign policy;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell"
Fact-check justification: O’Donnell said that the United States had spent over $500 million to reach less than 1 percent of the Cuban population. The weight of the GAO findings, the assessment from one of the program’s early supporters, and outside experts largely confirm O’Donnell’s numbers. If anything, the government has spent more than O’Donnell said. He might have overstated how small the audience actually is, but independent government reviewers conclude that the audience is small. The new distribution methods of text and email come with some impressive numbers, but there is no verification that a substantial portion of these messages get through. While the quality of the data can be questioned, the numbers that do exist suggest O’Donnell was largely correct. We rate the  . Update: The Cuban telecomm company Etesca said there are approximately 3.3 million cell phone and land lines in Cuba. This story has been updated to reflect that point.
Statement: Says Barack Obama "put in place a board that can tell people ultimately what treatments they're going to receive.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 3, 2012
Location: national
Topics: debates;medicare
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: When Romney was talking about the Independent Payment Advisory Board and Medicare, he said, Barack Obama "put in place a board that can tell people ultimately what treatments they're going to receive." He avoided the more  and harsher wording of some other critics, who have falsely described the board as "rationing" care. But Romney’s  can leave viewers with the impression that the board will sit around a table and talk about whether grandpa can get his bypass or not, and that’s not the case. The board can reduce how much the government pays health care providers for services, reduce payments to hospitals with very high rates of re-admissions or recommend innovations that cut wasteful spending. And there are questions about whether that could lead to different treatment decisions, but Romney's comments give a  impression. We rate his statement .
Statement: Anybody who is familiar with the historical data from the IRS knows that raising income tax rates will likely actually reduce federal revenues.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: November 7, 2010
Location: national
Topics: this week - abc news;taxes
Context: an interview on "This Week with Christiane Amanpour."
Fact-check justification: To recap, Pence said that, "Anybody who is familiar with the historical data from the IRS knows that raising income tax rates will likely actually reduce federal revenues." Actually, the historical data doesn't show that. Experts said the economic theory Pence is drawing from doesn't apply in the current situation, and an increase in tax rates would not cause tax revenues to decline. So we rate his statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/99d4f639-1c35-43e2-8ba7-3480dabc1ce7
Statement: Senator Obama has, in fact, never had a serious Republican challenger.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: February 11, 2008
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a conference call to reporters led by Cilnton pollster Mark Penn
Fact-check justification: Four years later, Obama found himself on an unexpectedly easy path to the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by Republican Peter G. Fitzgerald. First, Republican multimillionaire front-runner Jack Ryan dropped out of the race amid allegations he pressured his wife to go to sex clubs. The GOP, desparate for a quick replacement, turned to social conservative Alan L. Keyes, who moved from Maryland to Illinois for the race. Obama wound up capturing 70 percent of the vote, buoyed by the national exposure he received from delivering the keynote speech for presidential nominee John Kerry at the Democratic National Convention in Boston. Because Obama has faced only token Republican opposition, when he's faced any at all, we deem this  to be .
Statement: Says Donald Trump's tax plan gives the wealthy and corporations "more than the Bush tax cuts by at least a factor of two.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: October 9, 2016
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: the second presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Clinton said Trump’s tax plan will give the wealthy "more than the Bush tax cuts by at least a factor of two." After-tax incomes for the top 1 percent of taxpayers increased by 5.4 to 6.7 percent thanks to the Bush tax cuts. The same group would see incomes gains of 10.2 to 19.9 percent under the Trump tax plan, if not more. Measuring it in a different way, the top 1 percent received a tax break equivalent to 0.66 percent of GDP under Bush. Trump’s tax plan would deliver a cut equivalent to 1.32 percent of GDP. We rate Clinton’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/7d98cf58-b2a5-4f26-9f42-bf63296e908d
Statement: Media outlets reported that the same boy died 3 times from the coronavirus, in 3 countries.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 14, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It’s unclear where the screenshot combining Godinho’s photo and Abdulwahab’s name originated. We couldn’t find its source. Godinho’s photo does turn up in image searches on the Abdulwahab story headline, but they link to accurate reports about Godinho’s death. All the articles referenced in the post correctly identify the boy in the photo and did not misuse his image. We rate this Facebook post !