chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Sen. Chuck Schumer in 2014 "helped put together and signed a $25 billion deal to fund a border wall" and now opposes Trump's $5 billion request for a border wall "just because he's a Republican." ​
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 17, 2018
Topics: immigration;homeland security;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post says Schumer in 2014 "helped put together and signed a $25 billion deal to fund a border wall" and now opposes Trump's $5 billion request for a border wall "just because he's a Republican." There are numerous factual errors here: there was no border barrier deal in 2014. A 2013 legislative package proposed $8 billion for border fencing — not $25 billion for a border wall. More importantly, the border fencing Schumer backed in 2013 is different than how Trump has described his border wall. And the meme glosses over Schumer’s previous support for border wall funding earlier this year, in exchange for protections for Dreamers. We rate this post .
Statement: Every single Democrat in the U.S. Senate has signed up for the open borders, and it's a bill, it's called the 'open borders bill.'
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 6, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a campaign rally
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Every single Democrat in the U.S. Senate has signed up for the open borders, and it's a bill, it's called the ‘open borders bill’," written by Feinstein. There is no such bill. The bill introduced by Feinstein, and supported by all Senate Democrats, is meant to stop family separations at the border. The measure does not eliminate the enforcement of immigration laws. Trump gave an  and  description of the bill. We rate his statement .
Statement: (Ronald Reagan) raised taxes a billion dollars in his first year as governor of California.
Speaker: mike huckabee
About the speaker: Mike Huckabee ran for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former governor of Arkansas; he also sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. He left hosting a self-titled television show on Fox News in January 2015.
Date: January 10, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Myrtle Beach, S.C
Fact-check justification: In a debate on Jan. 5, 2008, Rudy Giuliani correctly pointed out that Reagan had endorsed a policy of amnesty for some illegal aliens. Read our ruling here. Now, Huckabee's math may be a little off on what that $1-billion would translate to today. It's actually closer to $6.3-billion. But the bottom line, Huckabee's statement about Reagan is .
Statement: More than 3 million young adults ... have gained insurance under (the Affordable Care Act) by staying on their family's plan.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 1, 2014
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a public address
Fact-check justification: Obama said more than 3 million adults aged 19 to 25 got health coverage as a result of an Affordable Care Act mandate that allows those individuals to remain on their families’ private plans. There’s no way to get an exact figure, and estimates range anywhere from less than 1 million to 3.1 million. Obama’s estimate may be quite high, but his point that the law’s mandate has increased coverage in that age range is spot on. We rate his  .
Statement: The poverty rate in West Virginia "was 19.1 percent, the fourth-highest in the country.
Speaker: mike romano
About the speaker: Mike Romano is a Democratic state senator in West Virginia.
Date: November 8, 2018
Location: west virginia
Topics: poverty
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Romano said the poverty rate in West Virginia "was 19.1 percent, the fourth-highest in the country." He’s right on both counts, so we rate his statement .
Statement: Rhode Island's unemployment insurance system "is the most expensive such system in the country.
Speaker: kenneth block
About the speaker: Kenneth Block is a software engineer and president of Simpatico Software Systems. He founded Rhode Island's Moderate Party and ran unsuccessfully for governor in 2010. He switched to the Republican Party in 2013 and made an unsuccessful run for Rhode Island Governor in 2014.
Date: November 8, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;government regulation;small business;state budget;states;workers;taxes
Context: an interview on Rhode Island Public Radio
Fact-check justification: Ken Block said Rhode Island's unemployment insurance system "is the most expensive such system in the country." If he had said we were AMONG the most expensive, he would be on solid ground. But he has repeatedly insisted that Rhode Island's program is THE most expensive. The  only  he supplied was a Tax Foundation report that doesn't directly evaluate the expense of the system. And other measures, from the foundation itself and U.S. Department of Labor, say it's not the most expensive. Because Block was unequivocal, we will be as well. We rate his statement as   . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Many firearms experts determined the Las Vegas shooter's use of a bump stock actually prevented more casualties and (injuries) due to its inconsistency, inaccuracy, and lack of control.
Speaker: michael williams
About the speaker: State Sen. Michael Williams is a Republican candidate running in Georgia’s gubernatorial primary.
Date: October 17, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: crime;guns
Context: press release
Fact-check justification: Williams said many firearms experts have determined that the use of a bump stock in the Las Vegas shooting prevented more injuries and deaths than would have otherwise occurred had he not used a bump stock. Outside of a blog from a pro-gun rights group, we did not find "many firearms experts" making that argument. We did learn that bump stock devices tend to affect a weapon’s accuracy. But we found several firearms experts who attributed the high number of people injured and killed to the shooter’s ability to fire rapidly, which a bump stock would have amplified. We rate this statement .
Statement: Recent census data shows that the average American family spends over $13,000 a year for health care coverage.
Speaker: bruce braley
About the speaker: a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives representing Iowa
Date: September 16, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a speech on the House floor
Fact-check justification: Virtually no one cuts a $13,375 check for health care. Most pay 27 percent of it, or even less." Jeff Giertz, the communications director for Braley, acknowledged PolitiFact's interpretation of the data, but added, "Regardless of how you measure it, the costs are high and getting higher — there’s certainly no disputing that." Still, even inadvertently glossing over the meaning of these numbers gives the  impression that American families are paying approximately four times as much as they actually are for health care. We rate Braley's statement .
Statement: A photo shows Joe Namath and Al Woodall kneeling on the sideline of a football field during the national anthem.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 10, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post sharing a photo of Joe Namath claims he was kneeling during the national anthem and it was something "all players" used to do. The photo is legitimate, but it was taken sometime during the third quarter after Namath’s teammate, Al Woodall, left the game due to an injury. We also found no  that it was regular practice for players to take a knee during the anthem. It was not a form of protest and was not during the national anthem. We rate this post .
Statement: We're up 123,000 jobs over the last year and three-quarters. We're actually, according to the Bureau of Labor statistics, down 500 ... auto jobs in Ohio.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: September 29, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Parts manufacturing, down 1,200 jobs since Kasich took office, is up 3,900 jobs from the trough of June 2009. It is also worth noting that the figures the governor cited reflect only direct jobs in the auto industry. Some industry analysts, such as the Center for Automotive Research in Ann Arbor, also look at two other categories of employment in the industry -- intermediate and spin-off -- in considering the impact auto manufacturing has on the economy. Under that gauge, job growth in other businesses that have a connection to the auto industry also would be considered. On the -O-Meter, a statement that is accurate but needs clarification or additional information rates .
Statement: Says Abraham Lincoln said, "America will never be destroyed from the outside. If we lose our freedoms it will be because we have destroyed ourselves from within.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 22, 2019
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: As a nation of freemen, we must live through all time, or die by suicide." Michael Burlingame, a chair in Lincoln studies at the University of Illinois Springfield, told us Lincoln "was denouncing mob violence which would lead to chaos, provoking the public to demand law and order, which would be provided by an ambitious leader who would rule tyrannically. "  The Facebook post contains an element of . But the quote published on the social media platform is not something Lincoln said. We rate it .
Statement: I made a bunch of these promises during the campaign. ... We've got about 60 percent done in three years.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 25, 2011
Location: national
Topics: politifact's top promises
Context: a speech at a fundraiser
Fact-check justification: Obama’s statement at the fundraiser was clearly in the past tense -- about having already "done" 60 percent of his promises in three years, and a White House spokeswoman made it clear he was relying on numbers from our Obameter. The White House’s subsequent description -- that Obama "has achieved or made progress on over 60 percent of his agenda" -- is essentially accurate based on our data, but that’s not what Obama himself said. By our numbers, the best he can  for now is 39 percent. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Remember after the shooting in Las Vegas, (President Donald Trump) said, 'Yeah, yeah, we're going to ban the bump stocks.' Did he ban the bump stocks? No.
Speaker: kirsten gillibrand
About the speaker: Kirsten Gillibrand is a senator from New York. Gillibrand was appointed as senator in 2009 to fill Hillary Clinton’s vacated seat, as Clinton became U.S. Secretary of State under Barack Obama. Gillibrand won a special election in 2010 to retain her senate seat and won re-elections in 2012 and 2018. From 2007 to 2009, she served as the representative of New York’s 20th Congressional District. Gillibrand received a bachelor’s degree in Asian Studies from Dartmouth College and a J.D. from UCLA School of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in August.
Date: June 2, 2019
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a Fox News town hall
Fact-check justification: Gillibrand said, "Remember after the shooting in Las Vegas, (President Donald Trump) said, ‘Yeah, yeah, we’re going to ban the bump stocks.’ Did he ban the bump stocks? No." Gillibrand’s effort to turn Trump into a villain on bump stocks flies in the face of the facts. In reality, bump stocks were a rare area in which Trump accomplished a goal sought by gun critics, and his administration’s rule was more forceful than what the NRA had sought. Thanks to the efforts of Trump and his administration, owning bump stocks is now a felony. We rate Gillibrand’s statement .
Statement: Says Donald Trump tweeted, "Corona vaccine from Israel! Stock market up! Economy even stronger now! Besides US, Israel best at inventions: Judaism, olives. Wonderful vaccine, will stop Corona DEAD around world. Can't make vaccines when being bombed, not have been possible without peace I created in Israel!
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 5, 2020
Topics: israel;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Trump has tweeted about vaccines, though. On March 2, for example, he wrote : "I am meeting with major pharmaceutical companies today at the White House about progress on a vaccine and cure. Progress being made!" Trump’s tweets draw media coverage, but searching online for the language that appears in the Facebook post we found no mention of anyone saying it.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Mark Harris has said he would cut Social Security and Medicare.
Speaker: dan mccready
About the speaker: Dan McCready is a Democrat who's running for Congress in North Carolina's 9th District
Date: October 10, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: medicare;social security
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: McCready claimed Harris "has said he would cut Social Security and Medicare." PolitiFact couldn’t find an example of Harris describing a plan for changing Social Security and Medicare benefits for the people who get them now or stand to get them soon. On Medicare, McCready has failed to prove that Harris said he wants to cut the program at all. But on Social Security, it’s clear from his past and recent statements that his hopes for reform include changes that would limit future government payouts. Harris has used the word "overhaul" and said he’s open to scaling back Social Security for people under 50. However, he’s consistently said his desired reforms wouldn’t affect people who are in the program or stand to benefit from it in the next decade or so. We rate this  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide.
Statement: Report: Vaccine related deaths may rival recorded COVID-19 deaths.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 11, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: A widely shared Instagram post claimed: "Report: Vaccine related deaths may rival recorded COVID-19 deaths." There is no credible report saying this. The  came from a guest on a show produced by Alex Jones, who runs a website known to traffic in  news and conspiracy theories. The guest said she based her statement on data that soon would be produced by a California man who runs a medical billing company. The CDC says its review of data has not established a causal link between the COVID-19 vaccines and reported deaths. COVID-19 has killed nearly 600,000 people in the U.S. We rate the post .
Statement: Oil production from federal waters in the Gulf of Mexico reached an all-time high" in 2010.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: March 11, 2011
Location: national
Topics: energy;history;oil spill;regulation
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: We think that’s a fair point. Obama is indeed correct about the record-high levels of Gulf oil production in 2010. However, he ignores a downward trend that began in 2010 and that is projected to fall further over at least the next two years. We think it’s problematic to use the record-setting statistic to buttress the notion that Gulf oil production is on a healthy trendline. On balance, we rate Obama’s statement .
Statement: We're putting our great coal miners back to work.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 13, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;pennsylvania
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said he put coal miners back to work. He stabilized the industry after years of losses under Obama, but then the pandemic began, and the subsequent recession turbocharged the hobbled industry’s decline. The 6,400 job losses the mining industry has suffered in recent months tracks with utility companies’ waning demand for coal. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: 24 of every 100 kids in school today speak Spanish.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: September 15, 2020
Location: national
Topics: census;education;race and ethnicity
Context: a speech at a Florida event
Fact-check justification: Biden said "24 of every 100 kids in school today speaks Spanish."  Nationwide, according to Pew, the proportion is lower: about 17%. Other times, Biden uses the 1-in-4 statistic to indicate the number of Latino children, and that statement is correct. On his specific statement about the number who speak Spanish, we rate this statement .
Statement: Over 30 states passed the legislation to ban powdered alcohol," and Missouri is not one of them
Speaker: patricia pike
About the speaker: Patricia Pike is a Republican state representative in Missouri.
Date: April 11, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: alcohol;drugs
Context: a legislative debate
Fact-check justification: Pike said, "Over 30 states passed the legislation to ban powdered alcohol," and Missouri is not one of them. The latest count shows Pike is safely in the right ballpark, with 36 states and Washington, D.C., cracking down on this substance.. We rate Pike’s statement .
Statement: The omicron variant's name is evidence the coronavirus pandemic is a hoax.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 27, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The letter after that is xi, which a spokesperson for the organization told the Times wasn’t used "because it is a common last name." It’s the spelling of the surname of the leader of China, for example — Xi Jinping — though the pronunciations are different. The Times reported that because WHO didn’t initially explain why it skipped nu and xi, it prompted speculation that the organization has been too deferential to the Chinese government.   But it’s not  that the pandemic is a hoax.   We rate those claims .
Statement: There are people trying to make legal age of consent 4 years old.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 7, 2020
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In 2018, the BJPsych Bulletin, a British medical journal, published an article that makes the case that lowering the age of consent from 16 to 15 or 14 in the United Kingdom would decriminalize "a large number of ‘underage’ young people engaging in sexual intercourse." It did not entertain the idea of lowering the age of consent to 4. We rate this Facebook post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.