chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Surface temperatures on Earth "have stabilized.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: May 20, 2014
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;corrections and updates
Context: an interview with Fox News' Bill O'Reilly
Fact-check justification: Rubio said that "surface temperatures in the earth have stabilized." He has a point that over roughly the past decade and a half, global surface temperatures have "paused," particularly compared to their rapid rise in previous decades. But scientists we interviewed agreed that the use of the word "stabilized" represents an unjustified leap from the data, since "stabilized" suggests that we have gotten through the worst of climate change. At the very least, the uncertainty inherent in climate forecasting makes such a  of "stabilization" premature. More likely, the  suggests that the "pause" in global surface temperatures is temporary, with temperatures poised to rise once the oceans start releasing more heat, such as during an El Nino event. It’s not clear when temperatures will rise again, but few scientists doubt that temperatures will rise again at some point. We rate Rubio’s  . CORRECTION: The initial version of this article incorrectly identified Paul C. "Chip" Knappenberger as being affiliated with DeSmog blog. He has no affiliation with the blog. As our initial report noted, he is a scholar at the Cato Institute.
Statement: The CDC issued a report commissioned by President Obama just earlier this year, and it found some very inconvenient facts. Armed citizens are less likely harmed by attackers. Effectiveness of gun control laws is mixed. Gun buybacks don't work.
Speaker: s.e. cupp
About the speaker: S.E. Cupp, a conservative columnist, speaker and author, is a host of CNN's Crossfire. She previously served as a columnist for the New York Daily News and hosted a show on Glenn Beck's website, glennbeck.com.
Date: September 13, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care;public safety;pundits;guns
Context: a discussion on CNN's "Crossfire"
Fact-check justification: Cupp said that a CDC report this year found: "Armed citizens are less likely harmed by attackers. Effectiveness of gun control laws is mixed. Gun buybacks don't work." The report, which summarized the state of gun research and outlined areas for new investigation, cited studies that showed crime victims who used guns had lower injury rates. But it also noted a need to explore other factors and "confirm or discount" earlier research. On gun control laws, the research itself is mixed — and there’s a "paucity of reliable and valid data" on which to base it. The report did cite  that gun buybacks don’t work. Cupp exaggerated the findings of the CDC report, which merely rounded up studies as it argued for more and better research. In most cases, the report was intended to spur more research, not settle controversial claims once and for all. We rate her  .
Statement: We had bipartisan legislation that got through the Senate" that would have prevented bonuses like AIG's "and then somehow mysteriously disappeared.
Speaker: ron wyden
About the speaker: Ron Wyden is the Democratic U.S. Senator from Oregon.
Date: March 17, 2009
Location: national
Topics: corporations;economy
Context: an interview on The Rachel Maddow Show
Fact-check justification: Wyden overstated the case a bit when he responded in the affirmative to Maddow's suggestion that the amendment "would have stopped what we are experiencing right now." It would not have eliminated the bonuses entirely — only that portion over $100,000 per person. And the tax that would have been imposed on companies that did not comply would have recovered just 35 percent of the excessive amount. But Wyden can legitimately  to have taken on the issue with gusto — well before the current outrage over AIG's bonuses. We find his  to be .
Statement: Says Missouri needs a voter I.D. law because "there's over 16 people in the state of Missouri who have been convicted of some type of voter fraud.
Speaker: will kraus
About the speaker: Will Kraus, a Republican, is a Missouri state senator.
Date: August 30, 2015
Location: missouri
Topics: elections;legal issues
Context: Missouri Politics"
Fact-check justification: Kraus said Missouri needs a voter I.D. law because there have been more than 16 cases of "some type of voter fraud" in Missouri. That number isn’t , but it doesn’t support Kraus’ assertion that photo identification would solve the problem — or that there is a problem of people impersonating voters. Kraus’ statement is partially accurate but takes things out of context. We rate his  .
Statement: The big Wall Street banks, the big corporations" give "many times more" political donations to Democrats than Republicans.
Speaker: jim demint
About the speaker: Jim DeMint is a former U.S. Senator from South Carolina. He is now president of The Heritage Foundation .
Date: March 7, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: campaign finance;corporations;elections
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating DeMint said that the "big Wall Street banks, the big corporations" give "many times more" political donations to Democrats than Republicans and he referred to his time in the U.S. Senate from 2005 to 2013. Democrats raised nearly three times more than Republicans in one financial sector in one election cycle. But for the most part, when they led their margins were much smaller. And in recent cycles, Republicans have led in money from Wall Street and business. We rate DeMint’s statement .
Statement: Says Amy Coney Barrett said that breastfeeding babies is child molestation.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 13, 2020
Topics: supreme court
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .)   There’s no  that Barrett said this, and the words appear to be lifted from an anonymous post that was recently shared on a Reddit sub thread called "insane parents." Barrett’s background and biography has received considerable news coverage since she was announced as President Donald Trump’s pick to replace the late Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. We found nothing to suggest, in recent clips or in a search of news archives, that Barrett shares these views on breastfeeding and no statements from her calling it "molestation." We rate this !
Statement: Nearly 2 out of 3 Americans want to reduce legal immigration from 1 million per year down to 500,000 or less.
Speaker: numbersusa
About the speaker: NumbersUSA is an advocacy group that promotes reduced immigration.
Date: September 13, 2020
Topics: immigration;polls and public opinion
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The poll question did not point out that 1 million people get green cards each year, or ask respondents specifically whether they favored a reduction or increase. So the NumbersUSA’s  about Americans wanting to reduce legal immigration is a stretch from the poll's phrasing. Other polls have found broader public support — as much as 72% — for keeping immigration levels the same or increasing them. The Facebook post is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "wants to essentially abolish the Second Amendment.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 21, 2016
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a speech at the Republican national convention
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "My opponent wants to essentially abolish the Second Amendment." The addition of the word essentially doesn’t change the accuracy of this . We found no  of Clinton ever saying verbatim or suggesting explicitly she wants to abolish the Second Amendment. The bulk of her comments suggest the opposite: She wants to enact stricter gun control, but has no objection to responsible gun ownership. Gun advocates say Trump’s  is backed up by Clinton’s openness to a gun buyback program and her disagreement with a Supreme Court decision on the Second Amendment. But whether or not these cherry-picked comments actually reveal Clinton’s intentions is a matter of interpretation. We rate Trump’s  .   https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/85ef6fa9-d3d9-4a5f-afd2-40af77b1eb94
Statement: Says that several times in the last 15 years, Austin City Council candidates have won seats after trailing by more than 4,000 votes in the election prompting the runoff.
Speaker: randi shade
About the speaker: Randi Shade, elected to the Austin City Council in 2008, did not win re-election in 2011. She's the former founding executive director of the Texas Commission on Volunteerism & Community Service, according to information on her campaign website.
Date: May 19, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: city government;elections;history
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Anything could happen in the Tovo-Shade runoff; we’re not making predictions. Per recent history, though, Shade’s  is off. Two comparable comebacks do not amount to "several." And by percentage of votes cast, only one candidate in the last 15 years made up a deficit as large as Shade’s. We rate her statement .
Statement: Median income in this country is … $35,000 a year. Because of Joe Biden's inflation, the average monthly expenses have increased by $500, almost.
Speaker: tim scott
About the speaker: Tim Scott, a South Carolina Republican senator, announced he is running for president in May 2023. He joined the Senate in 2013. Scott was previously elected to the Charleston County Council, the South Carolina House of Representatives and the United States House of Representatives.
Date: June 21, 2023
Topics: economy;income
Context: a Fox News town hall
Fact-check justification: Scott said, "Median income in this country is … $35,000 a year. Because of Joe Biden's inflation, the average monthly expenses have increased by $500, almost." One measure of median income offers a number close to what Scott said, but it’s not the most commonly used metric, and it’s one that moves the median income downward, since it counts children and nonworking spouses in its denominator. Meanwhile, the $500 increase in costs was calculated based on a June 2022 analysis, when year-over-year inflation was 9.1%. Today, inflation is 4%, which suggests that the amount of cost increase would be lower in the most recent month. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Labor union president Andy Stern is "the most frequent visitor" at the White House.
Speaker: glenn beck
About the speaker: Glenn Beck is the host of The Glenn Beck Program, a nationally syndicated talk-radio show. He also hosts an Internet-based TV show. Beck formerly hosted a television talk show on CNN Headline News and then Fox News.
Date: December 3, 2009
Location: national
Topics: ethics;pundits
Context: his Fox News Channel show
Fact-check justification: Our sources column at the right includes the full list of Clinton's 26 visits, with links to the documentation. Since the White House has said that it cannot fulfill our request for a full listing of Clinton's White House visits, it's possible that the number of Clinton visits is actually higher. (And we have not included instances in which Clinton met with the president in locations away from the White House itself, such as flights aboard Air Force One and foreign travel, even though we found  documenting those sorts of visits as well.) So, while Beck did pass along a widely reported finding as he made his point about Stern, the data it was based on was incomplete and out of date by the time of his show, and ultimately the conclusion he drew was . We rate his statement .
Statement: Nancy Mace denies climate change.
Speaker: joe cunningham
About the speaker: Joe Cunningham is a Democrat, elected in 2018, as the U.S. Representative for the 1st District of South Carolina.
Date: October 16, 2020
Topics: climate change
Context: a website post
Fact-check justification: Cunningham’s  that Mace "denies climate change" is accurate, but needs some clarification. Mace has hedged on the issue, saying the science isn’t conclusive. We rate Cunningham’s  .
Statement: Expanding Medicaid would bring 40,000 jobs to North Carolina.
Speaker: darren jackson
About the speaker: Darren Jackson is a state representative from North Carolina currently serving as the state House minority leader.
Date: January 30, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: jobs;medicaid;public health
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Jackson said, "Expanding Medicaid would bring 40,000 jobs to North Carolina." Indeed, economists and health care experts say more money injected into North Carolina would lead to more jobs for its residents, although it’s difficult to pinpoint exactly how much. Jackson’s estimate fits in line with the available research, and experts we spoke to agreed it was reasonable. But it’s still an estimate — a fact Jackson did not mention in his tweet. We rate this statement . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected]
Statement: You can't actually use ARPA (American Rescue Plan Act) funds" to pay down state unemployment insurance fund deficits.
Speaker: jb pritzker
About the speaker: J.B. Pritzker is Illinois' 43rd governor and a former Chicago venture capitalist and entrepreneur.
Date: July 21, 2021
Location: illinois
Topics: debt;coronavirus
Context: a podcast interview
Fact-check justification: Pritzker said ARPA funds cannot be used to pay down state unemployment insurance fund deficits. His office acknowledged federal guidelines released in May permit states to use that aid to replenish those funds and said Pritzker misspoke. We rate Pritzker’s  .  — The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: U.S. Reps. John Barrow and Sanford Bishop and their fellow Democrats "went on a spending spree and now their credit card is maxed out.
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: May 18, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget
Context: press releases
Fact-check justification: Barrow and Bishop have voted for spending bills, but members of Congress of all stripes vote to spend money. That’s part of their job. Once again, the NRCC is guilty of cherry-picking. Whether you agree with their individual votes, the records of these Blue Dog Democrats show it’s unfair to say they’re on a "spending spree." Since these Georgians are keeping an eye on the nation’s credit card statement, we rule the NRCC’s statement .
Statement: We waterboard, incidentally, hundreds of our own military personnel. They waterboard themselves in training to toughen themselves up.
Speaker: duncan hunter
About the speaker: Duncan Hunter is a former U.S. representative from California, first elected to the post in 1980. He was born in California in 1948 and went to Western State University for undergraduate and law degrees. He served in Vietnam and practiced law before running for Congress. He is married and has two children. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 19, 2008.
Date: August 31, 2009
Location: national
Topics: military
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: According to the CIA inspector general's report, the technique used on the suspects was more powerful and convincing. And in the case of one terror suspect, it was used 183 times, often in rapid succession. So to argue the technique isn't torture because it is used on American servicemen as part of training ignores that it was not used in the same way. Still, Hunter is correct that the U.S. military has waterboarded servicemen as part of survival training. And so we rule his statement .
Statement: There have been more than 270 mass shootings in the United States in the last year alone. That's where four or more are killed.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: October 9, 2017
Location: california
Topics: crime;guns
Context: a speech at the University of California at Davis
Fact-check justification: Hillary Clinton in her UC Davis speech said there have been more than 270 mass shootings in the United States so far this year. She defined the events as "where four or more are killed." Our research has shown that a broad definition of mass shootings requires four or more people to be killed or injured. There have been more than 270 of those horrific crimes so far this year. But Clinton left out the key words "or injured," dramatically changing the criteria for these shootings. There have been a much smaller number of mass shootings that meet this stricter criteria of "four or more people killed," nowhere near the 270 she claimed. We rate Clinton’s  .    –  The statement is not accurate.
Statement: Since the time of the Civil War, we've made a distinction in this country between the availability and the ability to access for people who were in the military, versus the rest of us, to vote.
Speaker: mike dewine
About the speaker: Mike DeWine, the Ohio attorney general, won the Republican primary for governor in May 2018 and is running in the general election in November. Previously he was one of Ohio's U.S. senator's, lieutenant governor and a member of the General Assembly.
Date: August 31, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: elections;military
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Special absentee voting privileges have been extended to military voters dating back to the Civil War. However, he also implied that those laws have been on the books for the past 150 years. This is  only in a handful of states, the vast majority of states had to reenact military voting statutes after 1915.    That’s important information his  leaves out that put the statement in full context. On the -O-Meter, DeWine’s  rates .
Statement: Says FEMA is giving essential workers $1,000.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 14, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: That’s because the link you’re supposed to click to sign up leads to an image of a gorilla flipping off the camera. FEMA isn’t providing assistance to individuals and families affected by the coronavirus, according to its website .   Misinformation about the coronavirus has been pervasive during the pandemic. FEMA has a page dedicated to "coronavirus rumor control" debunking several other  claims.   We rate this post !
Statement: Unemployment has been on the rise throughout Wisconsin" as Paul Ryan stepped up his advocacy of "immigration increases.
Speaker: federation for american immigration reform
About the speaker: The Federation for American Immigration Reform is an organization whose mission statement is to educate Americans about the costs of immigration, particularly illegal immigration.
Date: August 5, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration;economy;jobs
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: And it’s  Ryan is endorsing "immigration increases." But saying the rate "has been on the rise" suggests more than a one-month trend -- and there is no such trend in recent months. And for that one month, statewide unemployment in June fell, not rose, undercutting FAIR’s statement. There’s an element of  here, but some critical facts create a different impression. That’s our definition of .
Statement: As Washington debates cracking down on the big Wall Street banks, I've passed legislation that does so.
Speaker: david segal
About the speaker: David Segal, a Democrat, is a state representative serving the city of Providence. Before being elected to the General Assembly in 2006, he was a member of the Providence City Council for four years, starting in 2003. He was a candidate for Congress in the 1st District in 2010.
Date: June 17, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: financial regulation;voting record
Context: a statement on his campaign website
Fact-check justification: Segal's measures in 2006 showed a foresight about a brewing problem and the gumption to try to do something about it. But his actions at the General Assembly in 2009 were nowhere near bold enough to warrant a  that he cracked down on big Wall Street banks. We're calling it . Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: Under the GOP tax law, "if you live in Hinsdale, Illinois … you are now being double-taxed to the tune of $35,000.
Speaker: sean casten
About the speaker: Sean Casten is a Democrat serving as U.S. Representative for Illinois' 6th congressional district. This is his first term in office.
Date: October 22, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: taxes
Context: a debate:
Fact-check justification: Casten said that under the GOP tax law, "if you live in Hinsdale, Illinois … you are now being double-taxed to the tune of $35,000." His vague debate comment suggests — and fliers his campaign have posted around the area  — that because of the cap on SALT deductions, residents could be hit with massive increases on their tax bill for 2018. But Casten’s statement ignores the reality that the calculation of any tax averages for Hinsdale are heavily skewed by a minority of residents who are very wealthy. It also fails to recognize the many other factors at play in the new tax law. The Republican overhaul made several changes to past tax law, some of which may come as a benefit to taxpayers and some of which may not. By focusing only on the downside, and exaggerating its impact at that, Casten’s  greatly distorts the tax situation for the constituents he seeks to serve. We rate his  .