chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: For "the average middle-class family, your taxes today are lower than when I took office.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: November 30, 2011
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Scranton, Pa
Fact-check justification: Every taxpayer is different, and some "middle-class" Americans may have seen their tax rate or their tax burden go up for one reason or another. But Obama was talking about "the average middle-class family." The changes to the tax code made under Obama and the analyses by the Tax Policy Center show that for the middle 60 percent of the income distribution, both the average tax paid and the average tax rate fell between 2008 and 2011. We rate Obama’s statement .
Statement: Says Ohio Treasurer Josh Mandel "supports allowing the United States to default on its obligations.
Speaker: ohio democratic party
About the speaker: Statewide organization for Ohio's Democrats.
Date: July 25, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: However unlikely it is that those provisions would gain passage in Congress, it’s far from endorsing default. But perhaps most importly, while declaring Mandel endorses default, the Ohio Democrats don’t rely on Mandel’s words at all. Their cited source was information DeMint and the SCF stated about Mandel. We find the Ohio Democratic Party’s  isn’t just , it’s also . On the -O-Meter there’s just one ruling for that kind of statement: .
Statement: Actor Macaulay Culkin died from a heroin overdose.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: November 11, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims Macaulay Culkin died from a heroin overdose. Culkin is alive. He recently acted in a television series and has been videoed and photographed in public several times recently, including in a week before the video circulated on Facebook. The  appears to be based on a debunked 2014 rumor about Culkin’s death. We rate this  !
Statement: Studies have consistently failed to establish the existence of a link between the harshness of a country's drug laws and its levels of drug use.
Speaker: kofi annan
About the speaker: Kofi Annan is the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation and the former Secretary General of the United Nations.
Date: April 19, 2016
Topics: global news service;drugs;crime
Context: the Huffington Post
Fact-check justification: Annan said that studies consistently fail to find a link between the harshness of a country’s drug laws and its levels of drug use. The experts we reached and the data and reports we found largely backed that up. In some places, tougher penalties led to less use. In others, tougher laws had no effect at all. In the United States, while there are shifting patterns of drug use, there is no simple relationship to the severity of the nation’s drug laws. The caveat is that from the European study, relaxing penalties had equally unpredictable results. Annan’s statement needs that bit of context. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/57b76f03-26f4-41a0-8a93-f3bfa84ccb0f
Statement: Says Donald Trump was back on Twitter as of May 2021.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 27, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: Citing two Trump tweets on Jan. 8, Twitter said: "We assessed the two Tweets referenced above under our Glorification of Violence policy, which aims to prevent the glorification of violence that could inspire others to replicate violent acts and determined that they were highly likely to encourage and inspire people to replicate the criminal acts that took place at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021." A Twitter spokesperson confirmed May 28 that Trump's account remains permanently suspended. It appears the message used by the Instagram account came from an account called @realDonaldTrump on  Gab.com , an alternative social networking site, that says it is an "uncensored Twitter archive and shares email statements sent by The Office of Donald J. Trump." When we searched @realDonaldTrump on Twitter on May 28, a message appeared saying the account has been suspended. We rate the Instagram post .
Statement: Says she "made sure Laquan McDonald's autopsy went public" and "called for the dash cam footage to be released.
Speaker: toni preckwinkle
About the speaker: Preckwinkle is the Cook County Board President and also leads the Cook County Democratic Party. She is currently running for mayor of Chicago.
Date: January 9, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: civil rights;transparency
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Preckwinkle claims she was instrumental in releasing the details of McDonald’s autopsy. That much is . But Preckwinkle’s ad also asserts she called for the city to release the dash cam footage of the shooting. We could find no  of her doing so before a judge had already ordered the release. Preckwinkle’s ad is partially accurate and leaves out important details, so we we rate it .   – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here  for more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Because of the failure to pass a repeal bill, "Obamacare remains the law of the land ... This means more than 300,000 Georgians below the poverty line will still not have access to the insurance Obamacare promised.
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: July 28, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Perdue said that because of the failure to pass a repeal bill, "Obamacare remains the law of the land ... This means more than 300,000 Georgians below the poverty line will still not have access to the insurance Obamacare promised." Perdue has a point: Even with Obamacare in place, 300,000 Georgians below the poverty line can’t get insurance. However, in the context of decrying the failure of the Republican bills to advance in Congress, this observation is . While the Senate and House bills would have offered tax credits to low-income Americans, independent analysts agree that these tax credits wouldn’t open the door to affordable insurance for low-income Americans. Perdue’s criticism of Obamacare is also problematic. In reality, the ACA’s Medicaid expansion could have covered even more than 300,000 low-income Georgians had it not been rejected by Perdue’s fellow Republicans in Georgia. We rate the statement .
Statement: If there were not derivatives, there would be no bank loans at all today.
Speaker: jeff greene
About the speaker: Jeff Greene, a wealthy businessman from Palm Beach, lost the Democratic primary for Florida governor in August 2018. He campaigned for the U.S. Senate and was defeated in the Democratic primary on Aug. 24, 2010.
Date: June 22, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: corporations;economy;financial regulation
Context: a Democratic U.S. Senate debate against Rep. Kendrick Meek
Fact-check justification: Jeff Greene said that "if there were not derivatives, there would be no bank loans at all today." Many of the experts we spoke with told us that Greene's underlying point that using derivatives makes it easier for banks to issue long-term loans is sound. Still, there was a consensus that Greene did take his argument too far by categorically declaring that banks would stop making loans. Banks were making mortgage loans before the derivatives that Greene was talking about even existed, and they would continue to make them even if derivatives disappeared tomorrow, albeit perhaps in decreased quantities. We rate this one .
Statement: Barack Obama issued a decree "demanding that every public school now allow grown men and boys into the little girls' bathroom.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: May 14, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: children;education;legal issues;sexuality
Context: his speech at the Republican Party of Texas convention
Fact-check justification: Cruz said Obama issued a decree "demanding that every public school now allow grown men and boys into the little girls’ bathroom." Federal agencies told schools to let transgender students use the restrooms corresponding to their gender identity. Yet that letter of guidance says nothing about grown men or other adults, leaving this  with just an element of  provided you believe, as Cruz apparently does, that a transgender person born a boy remains a boy. We rate this statement .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says the governors of Michigan, New York and Nevada "have issued orders banning the prescription of hydroxychloroquine to patients with COVID-19.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 29, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims the governors of Michigan, Nevada and New York have ordered banning the use of chloroquine for COVID-19 patients. Nevada and New York have restricted access to the malaria drug in an effort to limit stockpiling. Each state has exemptions for patients hospitalized with the coronavirus. Michigan has taken no additional regulatory action to restrict access to chloroquine; instead, it has asked prescribers to avoid giving the drug to potential stockpilers.  The Facebook posts are . We rate them .
Statement: The growth in health care costs "has been reined in through the Affordable Care Act.
Speaker: jim moran
About the speaker: Rep. Jim Moran, D-8th, was first elected in 1990 to represent a district covering Falls Church, Alexandria, Arlington County and part of Fairfax County.
He serves on the Appropriations Committee and is the ranking member on the Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, as well as serving on the Defense Subcommittee.
Moran previously served as the mayor of Alexandria from 1985 to 1990.
Moran was born in Buffalo, N.Y. He graduated from College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Mass., in 1967, and received a master of public administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1970.
Date: September 12, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: health care
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Moran said health care costs have been "reined in through the Affordable Care Act." Other Democrats have made similar statements. The rate of cost growth began to slow in 2009 -- the year before Obamacare was passed, when the nation was in recession. Many analysts say the slow economic recovery is the major reason health care spending have been rising at historically low rates. Research by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services says that Obamacare has played "no discernable role" in the slowed growth rate. That doesn’t mean Obamacare has played no role. Some analysts, including the CEO of the Kaiser Family Foundation, believe Obamacare has helped slow costs, but say they can’t quantify its impact. All told, Moran’s statement is highly exaggerated and we rate it .
Statement: Under last year's health care reform, "a bunch of bureaucrats decide whether you get care, such as continuing on dialysis or cancer chemotherapy.
Speaker: phil gingrey
About the speaker: Phil Gingrey, a Republican, is a congressman from Georgia
Date: June 22, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: The IPAB does not have anything close to the power that Gingrey suggests. It cannot raise costs to Medicare recipients, much less kill them off by denying lifesaving care. The  is also outrageous. A policy board is not deadlier than pushing Grandma off a cliff.     We diagnose Dr. Gingrey with a not-quite-fatal case of .
Statement: We are almost halfway to our goal of 1,000 rapes prosecuted!
Speaker: tim mcginty
About the speaker: Tim McGinty is a Democrat running for reelection as Cuyahoga County prosecutor.
Date: February 17, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: crime
Context: his campaign website
Fact-check justification: Witnesses have to be tracked down, she continued, and oftentimes, the victim has to be found again, too, when years have passed since the crime occurred. It’s up to the prosecutors and police departments in each jurisdiction to re-boot these investigations. Our rating McGinty said his office is "almost halfway" to his goal of prosecuting 1,000 rapes as a result of testing a cache of thousands of previously untested rape kits. As of Feb. 9, 444 defendants had been indicted, which is nearing the halfway point of 500.    A defendant is being prosecuted once charged, so we rate this  .
Statement: 3,000-Pound Great White Shark Captured in Great Lakes.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: June 22, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog
Fact-check justification: We also found no credible reports of disappearances on the lake. A disclaimer at the bottom of the story calls NotAllowedTo.com a satire entertainment website. "We make no representation as to the completeness, accuracy or currency of any information on this Web Site," a disclaimer reads. This  is bogus. We rate it !
Statement: Says the Obama administration "watered down sanctions" against Iran, delayed them and tried to stop Congress "from putting the tough sanctions in place.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: October 11, 2012
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;nuclear;terrorism;trade
Context: the vice presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Ryan argued that "this administration watered down sanctions, delayed sanctions, tried to stop (Congress) from putting the tough sanctions in place." He’s right that the Obama administration compromised with Russia and China to earn their backing in the U.N. Security Council, and pushed for legislative waivers and other flexibility from Congress as it organized an international coalition to counter Iran. But just because the administration resisted plans in Congress does not mean it failed to get tough sanctions imposed. In fact, that international diplomacy has resulted in "what many now consider to be ‘crippling’ sanctions." In fact, there’s now so much economic pressure on Iran that Congress’ research arm reports Iran may soon decide to seek a nuclear compromise. That’s the opposite of what Ryan’s critique suggests. He employs a sliver of  in service of a  impression. We rate his  .
Statement: Murder went up" when Romney was governor. "Robbery went up. Violent crimes went up.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: November 24, 2007
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: a newspaper interview
Fact-check justification: The robbery rate increased from 111.5 to 125. So what made the violent crime rate go down if murders and robberies went up? The biggest category decline under Romney was aggravated assault, which declined from 22,018 to 18,800, a drop of 14.6 percent. Given these numbers, Giuliani is right when he says murders and robberies went up, but  when he says violent crime went up. We rate his  .
Statement: Says his plan to raise car registration to $56 would still leave Virginia with a fee that's "equal to or lower than most states.
Speaker: bob mcdonnell
About the speaker: Bob McDonnell is the Republican governor of Virginia until January 2014. McDonnell was elected over Democratic state Sen. Creigh Deeds.
McDonnell previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1992 to 2006 and as state Attorney General from 2006 to 2009.
McDonnell graduated from the University of Nortre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind., with a bachelor's degree in 1976. He then served in the U.S. Army on active duty from 1976 to 1981 and in the reserves until 1997, retiring as a lieutenant colenel. He received a master's degree in business adminsitration from Boston University in 1980 and a master's and law degree from Regent University, Virginia Beach, in 1989.
Date: January 8, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: transportation;taxes
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: McDonnell said that if his proposed $56 car registration fee is approved, Virginia’s annual registration costs would still be "equal to or lower than" most states. The governor’s office, when asked, offers no proof to this . Information from AAA and the National Conference of State Legislatures shows the governor is . Under McDonnell’s plan, Virginia’s registration would be higher than 28 states and lower than seven. The 14 other states have variables in their formulas for computing car registration fees that could result in charges that are higher or lower than the $56 McDonnell has proposed. The bottom line is that Virginia would have a higher car registration fee than most states. McDonnell’s  has no basis and we give it our lowest rating, Pants of Fire.
Statement: Says Texas General Land Office "has earned the school children of Texas $451,932.89 on wind leases that haven't produced a watt of energy.
Speaker: jerry patterson
About the speaker: Jerry Patterson, who won election to three terms as state land commissioner starting in 2002, filed to seek the post afresh in the 2018 elections. The former state senator from Pasadena unsuccessfully sought the 2014 Republican nomination for lieutenant governor.
Date: April 27, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: children;education;energy;state budget
Context: a newspaper column
Fact-check justification: (Indeed, land commissioners traditionally mention the "schoolchildren of Texas" in connection with proceeds from state-owned lands; it's hallowed parlance.) Patterson said the described proceeds—like mineral royalties from state lands—went instead to the Permanent School Fund, the state's public education endowment, which had a $22.6 billion balance as of the end of August. The State Board of Education receives a share of earnings from the fund for distribution to school districts on a per-student basis. Also, districts use the fund to back bonds for capital projects, according to the endowment's 2009 annual report. We rate Patterson’s statement as .
Statement: University of Texas students "signed a petition seeking the legal right to abort newborn babies up to five-years-old.
Speaker: texas right to life
About the speaker: A statewide anti-abortion and anti-euthanasia group that celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2013, Texas Right to Life says it fights "for the rights of the unborn (including the nascent humans created in laboratories), the disabled, the sick, the elderly, and the unloved," on its website, which also states, "We are non-sectarian and non-partisan, and we are the Texas affiliate of the National Right to Life Committee with representation on their board of directors."
Date: December 5, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: abortion;criminal justice;education;crime
Context: an email blast
Fact-check justification: The group said UT students "signed a petition seeking the legal right to abort newborn babies up to five-years-old." Some university students signed the petition, but others did not. Some of those who did sign later said they did not support the concept advocated by the petition. Further, Texas Right to Life's email struck us as implying that students on the campus were hustling up support for legalizing infanticide and child killings. In reality, a visitor briefly collected signatures one day, almost like attempting a trick. So, this statement is partially accurate but lacks important context. That makes it .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The new health care law will "force seniors into Barack Obama's government-run health care program.
Speaker: dan coats
About the speaker: Dan Coats is the junior U.S. senator from Indiana, having been elected to succeed Sen. Evan Bayh in 2010. Coats previously served in the U.S. Senate from 1989 to 1999, and was Ambassador to Germany from 2001-2005 under President George W. Bush. He was also a prominent lobbyist and attorney in the private sector.
Date: October 14, 2010
Location: national
Topics: medicare;message machine 2010;retirement
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: But Medicare Advantage programs changed their offerings from year to year before the health care law passed. And if seniors are being forced into regular Medicare, a government-run health care program, it's one they've collectively been forced into for 45 years. Ellsworth's vote did nothing to change that. The ad is capitalizing on confusion about the nature of the Medicare program and making a  . !