chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: According to the most recent report, Wisconsin's high school graduation rates are also up again -- to third best in the country.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: January 19, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;education;states
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification:  . Activist Scot Ross: Under Scott Walker, Wisconsin "moved from 16th to third in percentage of people with student loan debt."  . Lawmaker Jennifer Shilling: A "voucher school that closed after 9 days this year collected $5.4 million in taxpayer subsidies since first opening."  .
Statement: Joe Biden puts pro-life groups on domestic extremist list, calls pro-life people 'violent.'
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 29, 2021
Topics: abortion;homeland security;terrorism;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A headline widely shared on Facebook claims that Biden "puts pro-life groups on domestic extremist list, calls pro-life people ‘violent.’" An assessment ordered by Biden on the threat posed by domestic violent extremism says that one category of so-called domestic violent extremists are those that have "ideological agendas in support of pro-life or pro-choice beliefs."  It does not label anti-abortion groups generally as domestic violent extremists, or as violent. We rate the post .
Statement: The Department of Health and Human Services is considering a plan to adopt socialist price controls from foreign countries.
Speaker: americans for tax reform
About the speaker: Americans For Tax Reform was founded in 1985 by Grover Nordquist. It advocates a tax system in which the taxes are simpler, flatter, more visible, and lower than they are today. It views the government's power to control one's life as derived from its power to tax and believes that power should be minimized.
Its flagship program is the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, which it began promoting in 1986 and expanded to the state level in 1990. Those who sign on to the pledge commit to oppose any effort to increase income taxes on individuals or businesses.
Date: May 6, 2019
Topics: health care;health check
Context: a televised ad by the Americans for Tax Reform
Fact-check justification: These strategies do not necessarily constitute "price controls." And while some could conceivably be viewed as "socialist," it is  to suggest all of them are. Furthermore, the  ignores important context about the American drug-pricing market. This  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts, and is in some cases actively . We rate it .
Statement: Actually, on some procedures, you're more likely to die if you're on Medicaid than if you're uninsured.
Speaker: michael needham
About the speaker: Michael Needham is the CEO of Heritage Action for America.
Date: June 25, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: health care;medicaid
Context: an interview on Fox News Sunday
Fact-check justification: Needham said, "Actually, on some procedures, you're more likely to die if you're on Medicaid than if you're uninsured." Needham points to a 2011 op-ed that cited studies about the outcomes of patients on Medicaid for certain types of procedures. We were able to reach the authors of three of those studies who disputed Gottlieb’s conclusions. We rate this  .
Statement: Trade deals are negotiated in "secret" and, unlike corporate interests, politicians never invite "the leaders of the AFL-CIO or steelworkers or the mine workers to come in and sit down in these meetings.
Speaker: ted strickland
About the speaker: Ted Strickland was governor of Ohio from 2007 through 2010. He lost his bid for re-election in 2010 to Republican John Kasich.
Date: May 9, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: labor;trade
Context: Lorain, Ohio
Fact-check justification: Strickland told a union hall’s audience, "We need to stop politicians and special interests from negotiating trade deals in secret. ... To my knowledge they’ve never invited the leaders of the AFL-CIO or steelworkers or the mine workers to come in and sit down in these meetings." He was correct that trade deals are negotiated in secret. However, when Strickland says that union leaders aren’t invited to have a say in these talks, he’s . Union representatives are part of the advisory committees that have access to negotiators and politicians as these deals are worked out. They have similar access to the corporate leaders and business interests. How much of a difference they’re able to make -- that’s a whole other fact-check. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says James Mattis said, "If you burn the American flag you'll spend two years in the military. I promise you, you'll be cured of the desire to burn a flag ever again.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 18, 2021
Topics: military;patriotism;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Alt News, a fact-checking website based in India, looked into the origins of the quote  then and noted that the name "Mahesh Vikram Hegde" was stamped on the photo. Hegde had been arrested twice in the southwest Indian state of Karnataka for spreading misinformation, according to Alt News.   In June 2020, Mattis said that Trump’s actions threatened the U.S. Constitution . Flag-burning is considered "symbolic speech" under federal law, and the Supreme Court ruled in 1989 that it is protected by the First Amendment.   We rate claims that Mattis said this .
Statement: Says President Donald Trump started a trade war that "led to a surge in farm bankruptcies.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: September 21, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: agriculture;coronavirus
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Speaking in Manitowoc, Biden said Trump started a trade war that "led to a surge in farm bankruptcies." The trade wars have indeed hit farmers hard. And bankruptcies rose at the height of the trade wars, increasing more than they had in the four prior years. But this  oversimplifies by listing the trade wars alone as being responsible for that increase. We define  as a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. That fits here. This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Says the "number-one source" of illegal immigration "is people legally coming to the United States on a tourist visa or a student visa and then disappearing into the population and never being heard from again.
Speaker: rob andrews
About the speaker: Rob Andrews is a Democratic congressman representing New Jersey's 1st district, which includes parts of Camden, Gloucester and Burlington counties.
Date: September 12, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview with Townsquare Media New Jersey
Fact-check justification: In an interview with Townsquare Media New Jersey, Andrews claimed the "number-one source" of illegal immigration "is people legally coming to the United States on a tourist visa or a student visa and then disappearing into the population and never being heard from again." Data on the overstay population has been labeled unreliable, but most available estimates suggest such individuals are not the "number-one source." Those estimates indicate most illegal immigrants had entered the country illegally. Most studies have said overstayers range from about one-third to roughly half of all illegal immigrants, and the U.S. Homeland Security Secretary said people overstaying their visas may account for fewer than 40 percent. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: States run elections, not the federal government.
Speaker: wisconsin senate republicans
About the speaker: Republicans controlled the Wisconsin Senate in 2013, as well as the Assembly and governorship.
Date: October 26, 2021
Location: national
Topics: elections;states;wisconsin
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: In a Twitter retort, Wisconsin Senate Republicans claimed that the state runs elections, not the federal government.  The tweet had no mention of local levels of government, where the bulk of the work on and before Election Day plays out -- and where the critical task of counting and certifying local totals takes place. Elections are actually governed and managed at the federal, state and local levels, which means they aren’t really "run" by any one part of the government. That said, the state clearly does play an important role in setting the rules for elections. We rate this  .
Statement: Russia's Army was "destroyed.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 18, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;russia
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: The Guardian reported Dec. 18 that "fragile morale almost certainly continues to be a significant vulnerability across much of the Russian force," according to the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence. But Russian forces haven’t been outright "destroyed," as the post claims, and the war continues.    Reuters reported Dec. 17 that Russian President Vladimir Putin has sought commanders’ proposals for how the country’s Ukraine invasion should proceed. Putin recently said that the Russian military is conducting military exercises in Belarus, and that Russia continues to attack Ukraine with drone strikes.   We rate claims that Russia’s army was destroyed .
Statement: After one year, Tennessee's students made their biggest single-year jump in achievement ever recorded in the state.
Speaker: arne duncan
About the speaker: Arne Duncan is the U.S. Secretary of Education. Prior to his appointment as secretary of education, Duncan was chief executive officer of the Chicago Public Schools.
Date: July 23, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: education
Context: the Huffington Post
Fact-check justification: While the new teacher evaluation system continues to be controversial, the state Department of Education report says it is at least partly responsible for the academic gains Tennessee students have made over the past year. During that period, student test scores approved, in aggregate, at a faster rate than any year since 2007, the most recent year in which comparable data is available. In his column, Secretary Duncan left out a couple of qualifiers about the student achievement – namely, that the teacher evaluations are partly but not solely responsible for the student improvement, and that comparable data on student achievement is available only back as far as 2007. Still, his larger point – that Tennessee students have made historic academic gains in the past year – is backed up by the state report. Thus, we rate his  as .
Statement: PWNED: House GOP Dominates Twitter, YouTube, Social Media in Congress.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: January 22, 2010
Location: national
Topics: pop culture
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: But the bottom line is that Boehner is correct when he boasts that the House GOP dominates the Democrats on Twitter, YouTube and other social media in Congress. Still, we had to ask, is Boehner really so plugged-in that he knows what PWNED means? Schaper artfully sidestepped the question and said, "He surprises me every time I talk about it (social media). I think people would be surprised." On this , Boehner earns a .
Statement: A Colgate toothpaste is subject to "recall.
Speaker: shared this
About the speaker: Shared This is a website that publishes how to tips, news about health and other topics.
Date: November 28, 2017
Topics: fake news;health care;punditfact
Context: an article on a website
Fact-check justification: Shared This stated that the FDA issued a ban on triclosan, which is an ingredient in soap, toothpaste and other products. The article included photos of Colgate toothpaste and uses an image of the word "recall." In reality the FDA’s ban in September 2016 only applied to antibacterial soaps and not Colgate Total toothpaste. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Joe Manchin "strongly supported and voted for Hillary Clinton after she said, 'We're going to put a lot of coal miners and coal companies out of work.'
Speaker: patrick morrisey
About the speaker: Patrick Morrisey is the attorney general of West Virginia. Morrisey is running for the West Virginia U.S. Senate seat.
Date: August 21, 2018
Location: west virginia
Topics: candidate biography;economy;energy;workers
Context: Charleston, W.Va
Fact-check justification: Morrisey said Manchin "strongly supported and voted for Hillary Clinton after she said, ‘We’re going to put a lot of coal miners and coal companies out of work.’" It’s worth noting some of the context that Morrisey left out -- that Clinton had also expressed empathy for coal miners’ economic challenges in her initial remark, that she later clarified what she had meant to say, and that Manchin had worked to convince Clinton of why her remarks had been unacceptable. Still, none of that changes the gist of Morrisey’s assertion -- that Clinton said the remark, and that Manchin remained in her camp through the election (while we know he endorsed her, we do not know for sure he voted for her, as ballots are secret). We rate the statement .
Statement: BREAKING Trump preps Marines to stop presidential coup.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 27, 2023
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: For about half of the video, the host of a conservative YouTube channel talks about mainstream media coverage of a January 2017 military raid in Yemen that left a U.S. Navy SEAL dead. In the second half, he tries to sell viewers on a discount code for an oversized teddy bear as a Valentine’s Day gift.   There’s no mention of Trump rallying Marines to stop a coup.   We found no  this  is . We rate this post .
Statement: President Obama has worked to change Medicare for the worse" by "creating an unelected, unaccountable panel with the power to deny coverage of certain treatments.
Speaker: ohio republican party
About the speaker: Statewide organization for Ohio's Republicans.
Date: October 15, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: an election flier
Fact-check justification: And describing the board as having "the power to deny coverage of certain treatments" could lead readers to believe the board will sit around a table and talk about individual cases, like whether grandpa can get his bypass or not, and that’s not the case. The board won’t look at individual patients or deny individual treatments. Instead, it will make system-wide recommendations to rein in the future growth of Medicare spending, and it makes those recommendations within limited parameters. Those are critical facts that would give a different impression. On the -O-Meter, the  in the GOP mailer rates .
Statement: The Dems demand a photo ID to get a cheeseburger.
Speaker: greg murphy
About the speaker: Rep. Greg Murphy is a Republican from Greenville and the only North Carolina legislator who is a medical doctor. Murphy is a practicing surgeon.
Date: January 16, 2022
Location: north carolina
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Criticizing Democratic opposition to voter ID requirements, Murphy said, "The Dems demand a photo ID to get a cheeseburger." Murphy is greatly exaggerating the effects of Washington’s latest COVID-19 rules. Adults in Washington, D.C., do need to show a form of photo ID to dine inside a restaurant or other eatery. But there’s more than one way to get a cheeseburger and we’re not aware of any Democrats or businesses withholding them from people who don’t produce photo identification. People without a photo ID can still go through a drive-thru, have one delivered, place an order to go, or head to the grocery store for beef, buns and condiments.  We rate this  .
Statement: Says John F. Kennedy Jr. said, "If my dear friend Donald Trump ever decided to sacrifice his fabulous billionaire lifestyle to become president he would be an unstoppable force for ultimate justice that Democrats and Republicans alike would celebrate.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 1, 2019
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Kennedy and Trump were not strangers. The photo that appears in the Facebook post is authentic, a shot from March 1999 , when the two men watched a New York Knicks game. And while an associate of Kennedy’s said that he once complimented Mar-a-Lago and punted questions about a presidential run to Trump, Kennedy didn’t make the fawning statement the Facebook post claims, nor did he say it in his June 1999 magazine. We rate this post as .
Statement: Mercedes said high taxes and the cost of doing business in New Jersey worked to Georgia's advantage in landing the company's USA corporate headquarters.
Speaker: mark drewniak
About the speaker: Press secretary, New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie.
Date: January 6, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a press interview
Fact-check justification: Our conclusion . We don’t begin to know all the costs that were taken into consideration, given both states staying mum on incentives and all the costs associated with running a major corporation. But we know that the move will save Mercedes on its tax bill, and expert analysis show cost savings of about 20 percent on factors such as labor expenses. In the end, Georgia comes out on top in both categories. We rate the statement as .
Statement: On Oct. 7, the Access Hollywood tape comes out. One hour later, WikiLeaks starts dropping my emails.
Speaker: john podesta
About the speaker: John Podesta is chairman of Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign.
Date: December 18, 2016
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;elections
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Less than an hour later, Wikileaks  published  more than 2,000 emails from what appeared to be the personal account of the chairman of Hillary Clinton’s presidential campaign." Podesta's  rates . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/4e5f0b67-694b-461a-91a7-b98f4e164d74 Correction: WikiLeaks' first post of Twitter was around 4:30 p.m. An earlier version of this fact-check referred to a subsequent tweet.
Statement: The Democrats' health care bills would end "the denial of ... coverage to those who have a pre-existing condition," while the Republican bill would not.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: February 28, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's 'This Week'
Fact-check justification: Ultimately, both parties' approaches have their critics. But we believe that, despite some caveats, Pelosi is basically correct in saying that the Democratic approach would explicitly end "the denial of ... coverage to those who have a pre-existing condition." As for Pelosi's belief that the Republican approach fails to do the same, she unfairly glosses over the fact that the GOP proposal makes it a high-priority goal and that it provides a path (albeit a controversial one) to get there. Still, Pelosi is correct that under the GOP plan, insurers would still be able to deny coverage to those with pre-existing conditions. On balance, then, we rate her statement .
Statement: The COVID-19 vaccine "went out for distribution" in Nebraska "days before the FDA even said they were going to approve it.
Speaker: lee merritt
About the speaker: Dr. Lee Merritt is an orthopaedic and spinal surgeon and the owner of a clinic in Nebraska that performs tattoo removal and other services. 
Date: January 16, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a video shared on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Merritt claimed that doses of COVID-19 vaccine arrived in distribution centers in Nebraska before it was approved by the FDA.  The Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services announced that it received both the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines after the dates of FDA approval. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services said that it releases vaccines for distribution 24 hours after they are approved. A top planner of the federal government’s vaccine development efforts said that the vaccine began shipping after it was approved.  We rate Merritt’s  .