chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Mark Warner's "record is one of acting against" the Keystone XL pipeline.
Speaker: ed gillespie
About the speaker: Ed Gillespie is a Republican strategist who currently runs the firm Ed Gillespie Strategies. He served as counselor to former President George W. Bush. Gillespie has announced he will run for Virginia governor in 2017. He narrowly lost a 2014 bid for the U.S. Senate to Democrat Mark Warner.
Date: May 14, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: climate change;energy;voting record
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Gillespie says Warner’s "record is one of acting against" the Keystone XL pipeline. In 2012, Warner did oppose a procedural step that would have allowed a Senate vote on expediting the project. He explained that he even though supported the pipeline, he thought it should be part of a broad energy policy. Even so, its reasonable to count this vote as an action against Keystone. But after that, Gillespie’s  runs into problems. Each party blames the other for the Senate’s failure to pass pro-Keystone legislation this May. Gillespie’s campaign notes that Warner helped block a GOP effort to amend an energy efficiency bill with a go-ahead for Keystone and a provision that would prevented new carbon emission regulations. On the other hand, Warner co-sponsored a clean bill that would have expedited the pipeline. A review of the record shows Warner voted in favor of a Keystone resolution in 2013. He signed two letters to the president and one to the secretary of state asking them to expedite the project. Many environmentalists put Warner squarely in the Keystone crowd. So we rate Gillespie’s statement .
Statement: Says Democratic opponents Cal Cunningham and Erica Smith support sanctuary policies.
Speaker: thom tillis
About the speaker: Thom Tillis is a Republican who serves as U.S. Senator from North Carolina.
Date: January 10, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: immigration
Context: an email newsletter
Fact-check justification: Tillis said Cunningham and Smith support "sanctuary policies."  Both candidates oppose a bill that would require sheriffs to comply with ICE. But that’s not the same as endorsing sanctuary cities. In fact, Smith said she would support a sheriff’s decision to comply with ICE if ICE offered financial assistance. His statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Beginning in the early 1990s, we built barriers in 4 sectors at our southern border. Since each was built, those sectors have seen massive drops in apprehensions of people crossing the border illegally," including 90 percent to 95 percent decreases in the Tucson, Yuma, San Diego and El Paso sectors. ​
Speaker: shelley moore capito
About the speaker: Shelley Moore Capito is a U.S. Representative from West Virginia and a Republican candidate for U.S. Senate.
Date: January 30, 2019
Location: west virginia
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Capito said, "Beginning in the early 1990s, we built barriers in 4 sectors at our southern border. Since each was built, those sectors have seen massive drops in apprehensions of people crossing the border illegally," including 90 percent to 95 percent decreases in the Tucson, Yuma, San Diego and El Paso sectors.  The four sectors she cited fell substantially after hitting peaks in the 1990s and the early 2000s, but not quite as much as she indicated. And the rest of her assertion is questionable. Border apprehension declines started prior to passage of the 2006 law that authorized border fencing. Moreover, while such barriers may have had an impact, other factors, notably the troubled economy after the Great Recession, are often credited with playing a key role in the decline of border apprehensions. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Facebook now has a "witch checker.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 7, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Fact-checking website TruthorFiction.com found the "witch checker"  resembled another challenge – #911snitch . Those posts alleged that typing #911snitch revealed whether commenters were "snitches" if the words stayed the same or not by whether a green bar with a blunt-style cigar displaying "not a snitch" appeared. The website found , like #HocusPocus, typing #911snitch, "did not at any point produce a green bar to prove that you or your friends are not snitches…" A Facebook spokesperson also confirmed to PolitiFact that there is no "witch checker" feature.   The internet has, once again, put a spell on us. We rate this  !
Statement: Donald Trump to issue an executive order to ban Facebook across U.S.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 2, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: But this post wasn’t categorized there, instead getting the label "World News." The post also had an April Fool’s Day tag, so the story is a prank. Readers who made it to the end of the faux story would have noticed something not in the usanews4u.us post: A link marked as Trump’s and Zuckerberg’s remarks on the issue actually redirects to — you guessed it — Astley’s 1987 hit single . If you ask us how we’re feeling about this statement, don't tell us you're too blind to see. !
Statement: One out of every four homeless people on our streets is a veteran.
Speaker: john edwards
About the speaker: John Edwards is a former U.S. senator from North Carolina who was John Kerry's running mate in 2004. A personal injury attorney, Edwards was born in South Carolina in 1953 and now lives in Chapel Hill, N.C. He graduated from North Carolina State University and earned a law degree from the University of North Carolina Law School. He is married to Elizabeth Edwards, who has been diagnosed with cancer. They have three children; a fourth was killed in an auto accident. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: December 19, 2007
Location: national
Topics: poverty
Context: Iowa and New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Even reputable studies sometimes find different estimates for the homeless. Though the percentage of homeless veterans is an estimate, the number Edwards cites appears to be based on the latest available and was partially compiled by the federal agency that serves veterans. So he is on solid ground. But we have to take off a little bit for his emphatic statement of what's actually a complex estimate. For that reason, we find his statement to be .
Statement: Real wages "went up last year 1.1%.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: December 19, 2019
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: Los Angeles
Fact-check justification: Sanders said real wages rose 1.1% in the past year. Government numbers back that up. Whether that "ain’t great," is a matter of judgment. It is not as high as it was in 2015-2017. It is higher than the average since 1980. We rate this  .
Statement: Teachers are the number one occupation of the antifa terrorist organization according to the FBI.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 20, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a text post
Fact-check justification: We reached out to the FBI for a comment, but we haven’t heard back. The agency told the AP that its focus is "not on membership in particular groups but on individuals who commit violence." There is  that, in general, teachers’ political views skew left . But we could find nothing to back up the  that they are overrepresented in the antifa movement. We rate the Facebook post !
Statement: Says CNN called Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi an "unarmed father of three.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 27, 2019
Topics: terrorism;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "This is ," said Christal Jones, a senior public relations manager at CNN, in an email. "Don’s show airs weeknights 10pm to midnight. The clip shows a time of 9:01pmET." The Facebook post is not accurate and makes a  . We rate it !
Statement: To give a sense of how families are struggling, a record four out of every 10 school kids in Ohio now qualifies for subsidized lunch.
Speaker: amy hanauer
About the speaker: Amy Hanauer is the founding executive director of Policy Matters Ohio, a policy research institute that examine issues that matter to working families in Ohio. Policy Matters Ohio was founded in January 2000. In 2008, Nation magazine named it the most valuable state or regional organization in the country.
Date: May 5, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: children;economy;families;poverty
Context: at a rally at the Ohio Statehouse
Fact-check justification: Since 2002, the highest percentage of students receiving subsidized lunch was, in fact, in 2010. In 2009, which saw the second-highest participation, 42 percent of students at schools participating in the federal program received subsidized lunch (compared to 44 percent in 2010). Hanauer’s speech was spot-on about the ratio of kids receiving subsidized lunch. As for calling the ratio a record, neither the Department of Education nor the USDA provided data that showed a higher percentage in the past. We rate the statement .
Statement: To pay for government growth, leaders of both parties "borrowed $4 billion a day, leaving us with today's $14 trillion debt.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: March 30, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: the 'Wall Street Journal'
Fact-check justification: Rubio's statement was that, to pay for government growth over decades, leaders "borrowed $4 billion a day, leaving us with today's $14 trillion debt." The sentence mixes a breakdown of the deficit and a total for the debt, and the casual reader could easily confuse the two concepts. We think it would have been more accurate to say that leaders "borrowed $4 billion a day last year to cover the deficit, pushing today's debt to $14 trillion. " Still, the senator’s calculation works, even though the money isn't really borrowed every single day.  Overall, we rate this  .
Statement: By 12th grade, "more than 3 out of 10 girls have been pregnant at least once.
Speaker: georgia association of homes and services for children
About the speaker: The Georgia Association of Homes and Services for Children is a membership group of foster homes and other groups that provide services for children.
Date: July 15, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: families;women
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: Children are not." So yes, three in 10 females in the U.S. become pregnant at least once by age 20. This means that while Welfare Watch got the statistic from the G-CAPP Web site , it's correct that a significant percentage of U.S. teens become pregnant . So while the statement is generally , it was off-target on some important information.   We rate the statement  .
Statement: Says Dennis Miller said that if he didn't see women protesting the Ghislaine Maxwell trial verdict "you're all frauds. This isn't justice for those women, this is a joke.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 26, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: His first, recent Instagram posts since September 2021 — before the Maxwell verdict — are about his travels in Sri Lanka. We didn’t find Gettr, Rumble or Parler accounts for the comedian. In 2018, Miller said he was planning to take a break from politics and "just be funny and not talk about the issues as much," the Associated Press reported at the time.   If  that Miller did say this emerges, we’ll reconsider our rating. For now, it’s .
Statement: Garth Brooks played to a "half-empty arena" in Illinois.
Speaker: sid miller
About the speaker: Sid Miller, a former Texas House member, won election as state agriculture commissioner in November 2014.
Date: June 25, 2023
Location: texas
Topics: lgbtq
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Miller did not respond to PolitiFact’s requests for comment. But after PolitiFact reached out to his team June 29, Miller corrected the post, adding the line, "(This is a satirical post folks! Watch this come , most Garth fans ain't woke!)" The  that Brooks recently played to a half-empty arena in Illinois was fabricated. We rate it !
Statement: Video shows Nancy Pelosi saying, "I've given a shoot-to-kill order for any breach of the speaker's lobby," on Jan. 6, 2021.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: April 19, 2023
Topics: congress;jan. 6
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: The real video of Pelosi came from a documentary by her daughter Alexandra Pelosi that first aired Oct. 13, 2022, on CNN. The conversation the elder Pelosi had on the phone in that clip was with former Vice President Mike Pence about his safety and how to reconvene the electoral count for the presidential election.   "We’re being told it could take days to clear the Capitol and that we should be moving everyone here to get the job done … uh, we’re at (redacted) which has facilities for the House and the Senate to meet," Pelosi said , according to a CNN transcript. "We’d rather go to the Capitol and do it there, but it doesn’t seem to be safe." We rate the  that this video shows Pelosi giving a shoot-to-kill order on Jan. 6, 2021, !
Statement: Says a photo of a tortured man is U.S. diplomat Chris Stevens, who was killed in the 2012 Benghazi attack.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 19, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: As well, a reverse-image search shows versions of the photo on the internet as early as 2008 –– four years before Stevens’ death. Various blog posts make a myriad of claims about the image’s origin. It has been used to illustrate articles about Spanish war crimes, Argentinian war crimes and CIA torture in Afghanistan. While we weren’t able to pinpoint its exact origin or date, it is clear that this photo existed online several years before Stevens’ death. We rate this !
Statement: We have seized more currency, more drugs, more outbound arms in the past year than any year in our country's history.
Speaker: janet napolitano
About the speaker: Janet Napolitano is the U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security, appointed by President Obama. Prior to that, she was the governor of Arizona.
Date: May 7, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration;crime;marijuana;guns
Context: a speech before the Atlanta Press Club
Fact-check justification: To sum up: The data DHS gave us is not enough to prove definitively that Napolitano’s  that the agency has "seized more currency, more drugs, more outbound arms in the past year than any year in our country’s history." We can say that seizures increased recently under the Obama administration, but they were so low in the past that the bump is not a major accomplishment. Also, the seized contraband is likely such a small percentage of what crosses the border that the increase’s impact on the illegal drug trade is slight. By PolitiFact’s rules, the burden of proof is on the person who makes the . Since the Department of Homeland Security did not provide us with enough data to support her talking point, and the increase in seizures is not a clear-cut sign of border security success, we rate her  .
Statement: Six justices" on the U.S. Supreme Court have been "confirmed in presidential election years since 1912.
Speaker: gwen moore
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore is a Democratic member of Congress, representing Wisconsin's 4th District, which primarily includes Milwaukee. Moore, who served in the state Legislature from 1989 to 2004, was elected to Congress in 2004.
Date: March 16, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: congress;legal issues;supreme court
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: He put William Brennan directly on the court with a "recess appointment" to replace Sherman Minton. He then formally nominated Brennan in January 1957. Our rating Moore said "six justices" on the U.S. Supreme Court have been "confirmed in presidential election years since 1912." The number is correct. Our rating is .
Statement: In a period of roughly 72 hours, a small group of angry black students managed to force the resignation of the two highest ranking officials at that school.
Speaker: megyn kelly
About the speaker: Megyn Kelly is a journalist with NBC News. Previously, she was a journalist at Fox News and hosted "The Kelly File" on weeknights. 
Date: November 11, 2015
Topics: education;human rights;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "The Kelly File" on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Kelly said in a span of about three days, a small group of black students forced the resignations of two top administrators at the University of Missouri. Multiple press reports and interviews with members of the Mizzou community tell us Kelly’s shorthand falls short on several key points. Deans, graduate students, and faculty had been pressing for the ouster of Loftin for at least a month prior to his departure. It is no small matter for deans to make such a demand and they did so three times in early October. Loftin’s problems with the university community go back well into the beginning of the semester. There’s more support for the role of black students in the removal of Wolfe. The  tells us that pressure from black students was the driving force and the momentum shifted rapidly against him when a student went on a hunger strike on Nov. 2. However, anger had been growing since mid October and a much larger number of people from across the university community joined the call for Wolfe to step down. Kelly’s statement is only partially accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Says Kobe Bryant's wife "recorded her suicide after depression attack this morning.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 3, 2020
Topics: fake news;sports
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: More astute news consumers, however, have followed credible news stories about Koby Bryant’s death. And more than 10 million liked this photo that Vanessa Bryant posted of her family on Instagram last week when she thanked the "millions of people who’ve shown support and love during this horrific time. "  "I’m not sure what our lives hold beyond today, and it’s impossible to imagine life without them," she said. "But we wake up each day, trying to keep pushing because Kobe, and our baby girl, Gigi, are shining on us to light the way." We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says Qassem Soleimani "assisted in the clandestine travel to Afghanistan of 10 of the 12 terrorists who carried out the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: January 3, 2020
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The 9/11 Commission Report said that Iran facilitated travel for al-Qaida members who would carry out the 9/11 attacks. But the report also found no  that Iran knew of the plans for the attacks. The report also does not mention Soleimani. We found no  that Soleimani was involved with the travel of terrorists from Iran to Afghanistan. In the absence of  for Pence’s , we rate his statement .
Statement: Under the current procedure, if someone "on a terror watch list" tries to buy a gun, authorities are notified.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: June 19, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: crime;terrorism;guns
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Preliminary data from a more recent, yet-to-be-published survey suggests the proportion of unlicensed gun sales has decreased, but such sales still involve millions of guns each year, according to Northeastern University Professor Matthew Miller, who co-directs the Harvard Injury Control Research Center. Our rating Ryan said that under the current procedure, if someone "on a terror watch list" tries to buy a gun, authorities are notified. That is accurate as it applies to gun sales in which a federal background check occurs. But a significant amount of gun sales or other transfers lack background checks, so there would be no red flag when someone on the list tries to buy a gun. For a statement that is partially accurate, but leaves out important details, we rate Ryan’s  .