chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The vast majority of the American people" support Biden's $1.9 trillion rescue plan, "including a majority of Republicans.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: February 19, 2021
Location: national
Topics: congress;polls and public opinion;coronavirus
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "The vast majority of the American people" support Biden’s $1.9 trillion rescue plan, "including a majority of Republicans." The White House cited a poll by CBS that found 70% of Republicans approve of Congress passing an additional economic relief package to provide funds to people and businesses affected by the coronavirus outbreak. But two other polls that included more details in their questions — Quinnipiac and SurveyMonkey/New York Times — found less than majority support among Republicans for the American Rescue Plan. All three polls showed strong overall support for the plan. We rate this statement .  RELATED: Joe Biden  support among economists for his $1.9 trillion COVID-19 relief plan RELATED: What’s in Joe Biden’s $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan? RELATED: What you need to know about the budget reconciliation process
Statement: When 36% of the vote was in, Pennsylvania gubernatorial candidate Josh Shapiro had 370,706 votes and 56.6% of the vote while Doug Mastriano had 844,669 and 41.6%.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 9, 2022
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "  According to unofficial results on the Pennsylvania State Department’s website, Shapiro won with 2,946,236 votes, or about 56% of the vote. Mastriano, who has yet to concede the contest, took 2,214,582 votes, or about 42% of all votes in the race. Three other candidates split the remaining votes. There is no merit to the  that when 36% of the vote was reported, Shapiro trailed Mastriano while netting a larger percentage of the vote count. We rate that  .
Statement: You wonder why you don't see Rand Paul as much; he's still shopping for his billionaire. He's like the only one who hasn't found a billionaire to fund his super PAC.
Speaker: claire mccaskill
About the speaker: Claire McCaskill is a Democrat and a U.S. Senator from Missouri.
Date: August 21, 2015
Location: missouri
Topics: campaign finance
Context: comments to HBO host Bill Maher
Fact-check justification: McCaskill said Paul’s failure to gain traction in the crowded GOP field may have something to do with the fact that Paul is the only candidate to have not found his billionaire. There are two problems with this statement. There are candidates running for president who don’t have a billionaire, and Paul has a reported billionaire backer in Yass. We rate McCaskill’s statement .
Statement: Since President Barack Obama took office, "you have 1,700 employees just at the Department of Transportation" earning over $170,000.
Speaker: eric hovde
About the speaker: Eric Hovde, a hedge fund manager and businessman from Madison, entered politics by running for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate in 2012. He finished second in the GOP primary.
Date: June 12, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: bush administration;federal budget;income;transportation
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: She attributed the increase of 765 employees during Obama’s tenure to the Bush-led across-the-board pay increases as well as a collective bargaining agreement for air traffic controllers, signed under Obama, that provided 3 percent raises in 2010, 2011 and 2012. When we pointed out the two fact checks and the OMB’s information to Lansing, he said Hovde’s main point is that the number of federal employees is "exploding" and their pay has gone up under Obama. Our rating Hovde said that since Obama took office, "you have 1,700 employees just at the Department of Transportation" earning over $170,000. Actually, there were that many federal transportation workers earning over $170,000 a year when Obama took office, largely as the result of raises pushed by President Bush. We rate Hovde’s statement .
Statement: The Russian army has surrendered in Donetsk!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 28, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed Russian soldiers surrendered to Ukrainian troops in the eastern province of Donetsk.  Although there have been stories of Russian soldiers surrendering, none have been independently verified or have been reported as having occurred in eastern Ukraine. The post provides no  to support its .  The Ukrainian government has also not publicly said anything about Russian soldiers surrendering in Donetsk. In fact, Putin has announced Russia is annexing the region. We rate this  .
Statement: We've "lifted high school graduation rates to new highs.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 12, 2016
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: a State of the Union speech
Fact-check justification: But uncertainty persists about those old rates. If Obama had restricted his time frame to the past four years, the numbers would be on firmer ground. But he didn't. He gave the impression that these were the highest rates ever. Because Obama's statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, we rate it .
Statement: In Milwaukee, "The (homicide) rate has nearly doubled in the past two years.
Speaker: bryan steil
About the speaker: Bryan Steil, R-Janesville was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2018. 
Date: November 15, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;legal issues;crime;guns
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Steil said In Milwaukee, "the (homicide)  rate has nearly doubled in the past two years." The Journal Sentinel’s homicide database recorded Milwaukee homicides in 2019 at 111. In 2020, the number rose to 204. In 2021, the figure climbed to 212 homicides. So Steil’s "nearly doubled"  is on the mark. For a statement that is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing, our rating is .
Statement: Nothing in any of the Democrat bills would require individuals to verify their citizenship or identity prior to receiving taxpayer-subsidized benefits.
Speaker: house republican conference
About the speaker: House Republicans are represented by the House Republican Conference.
Date: September 9, 2009
Location: national
Topics: immigration;health care
Context: a "myth and fact" news release
Fact-check justification: There is explicit language in the House bill that says illegal immigrants should not receive the subsidized benefits. But we find the Republican conference is right that the legislation does not directly mention verification procedures and, for that reason, it's possible that illegal immigrants who are determined to beat the system might be able to get around the ban. But it's likely that the IRS would, at least indirectly, help to police that. And, the health choices commissioner would have the authority to set up a verification system. On balance, we rate the Republican  .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama released a statement on the "death of brother Robin Williams before ... a statement on brother Michael Brown.
Speaker: cornel west
About the speaker: Cornel West is an African-American academic and author. 
Date: August 25, 2014
Topics: criminal justice;punditfact
Context: an interview on Salon
Fact-check justification: West said that Obama released "a statement on the death of brother Robin Williams before (he) sent out a statement on brother Michael Brown." While the two cases are hardly similar, West is right on the facts. It took Obama three days to issue a statement regarding Brown’s Aug. 9 death and about three hours to comment on Williams’ passing, which was reported on Aug. 11. We rate West’s  .
Statement: The Senate health care bill is longer than Tolstoy's 'War and Peace.'
Speaker: orrin hatch
About the speaker: Orrin Hatch is a Republican senator from Utah.
Date: November 19, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: So while Hatch is right if you simply count pages, when you use a more accurate comparison -- the number of words -- War and Peace is actually longer. In other words, he is right by one measurement, but not by the best measurement. So it turns out that Democrats aren't as wordy as a Russian novelist. Who knew? We find his  .
Statement: When two large whales do the nasty there's sometimes this one bro who just sort of holds them up so they don't float off.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 19, 2019
Topics: environment;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Philip Clapham, former program leader of the Cetacean Assessment and Ecology Program and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, was blunter when we asked him about the Facebook post. "The idea that one male holds up a mating pair is complete and utter bulls---," he said.   In some species of whales, multiple males compete for the same female," he told us. Gray whales are more sedate than, say, humpback whales, but that underwater melee is competition, not cooperation. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says U.S. Rep. Lamar Smith supported the $700 billion Wall Street bailout in 2008, "but now he is standing in the way of reforms that would assure these bailouts would never happen again.
Speaker: lainey melnick
About the speaker: Lainey Melnick, an Austin resident, was the 2010 Democratic nominee challenging GOP U.S. Rep. Lamar Smith of San Antonio. In 2008, she says on her campaign website, she was the Austin regional lead in Travis County for Organizing for America, a group supporting Barack Obama for president.
Date: April 23, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: campaign finance;economy;financial regulation
Context: an e-mail blast
Fact-check justification: All in all, how does Melnick’s e-mail blast stand up? It’s missing a pivotal leg. Though she accurately recaps two of Smith’s votes on bills dealing with the financial sector, the Democratic-supported reform legislation won’t -- as Melnick acknowledges -- end bailouts. Also, Smith’s campaign coffers have benefited from contributions from the financial sector, yet that’s a charge that could be leveled against many members including Texans who have fielded more in such donations. We rate Melnick’s statement as .
Statement: People charged in the Jan. 6 assault on the U.S. Capitol are "political prisoners" and "non-violent trespassers" who have been held in solitary confinement for the past six months.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 24, 2021
Topics: criminal justice;facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post says people charged in the Jan. 6 assault on the U.S. Capitol are "political prisoners" and "non-violent trespassers" who have been held in solitary confinement for the past six months. The vast majority of defendants have been released from custody while awaiting trial, but some held in jail have been kept in solitary confinement. The defendants face numerous charges that include violent acts and attacks on officers. While many defendants may have been inspired to participate based on their political beliefs, there is no  they are being prosecuted for those beliefs; the charges and court documents show they are being prosecuted for actions that law enforcement officials say violated the law. The post contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression — our definition of .
Statement: Says Steve Jobs said, "I realize that all my recognition and wealth that I have is meaningless in the face of imminent death.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 10, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: And in 2015, Snopes checked a similar statement and found it wrongly attributed to Jobs. Claims that another supposed billionaire made the statements have also been debunked . Unlike Jobs, this person didn’t actually exist. Like Jobs, he didn’t make this statement. We rate this post .
Statement: U.S. Reps. Hank Johnson, John Lewis and other members of the Congressional Progressive Caucus are "socialists who are openly serving in the U.S. Congress.
Speaker: sovereign citizens united
About the speaker: From Sovereign Citizen United's website, .sovereigncitizens.org:
"We are residents of Montgomery County, PA who have made it our sole consuming passion to preserve American freedoms from the threat of globalization and loss of our sovereignty through the undermining of our Constitution and Bill of Rights by UN globalists."
And,
"Sovereign Citizens United is a citizens group dedicated to protecting private property ownership and the freedom and liberty that is our birthright as American citizens. We are a clearing house of information and tools to facilitate and promote those goals in every community in America.:
Date: August 12, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: Sovereign Citizens United believes it has  that shows the Congressional Progressive Caucus thinks like socialists and is under the thumb of the Democratic Socialists of America. The  is rather flimsy and, in some cases, bogus. The DSA doesn’t boast on its website that it created the caucus, as the sovereign group claims. Like PolitiFact Oregon, we give this  our lowest rating, .
Statement: Close to 30% of our federal prison population consists of  illegal immigrants.
Speaker: daniel mielke
About the speaker: Daniel Mielke, a farmer, is a Republican candidate for Congress in Wisconsin's 7th District, a seat now held by Democrat Dave Obey.
Date: September 7, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration
Context: a statement on campaign web site
Fact-check justification: So, in his statement did Mielke cross the border between fact  and fiction? He took what was an easy-to-verify fact  -- the number of non-citizens who are guests of  Uncle Sam in the federal prison system -- to make a political point. But instead of going to the source, he relied on an unattributed comment on a political talk show. In doing so, he missed the correct figure by a little and missed some key nuances by a lot. We rate his comment .
Statement: The expanded child tax credit in the Build Back Better Act has "no means testing," so people making $200,000 and $400,000 would get "the same as someone making" $70,000.
Speaker: joe manchin
About the speaker: Joe Manchin is a U.S. senator from West Virginia. The former governor of West Virginia won a special election in November 2010 to complete the balance of the late Sen. Robert Byrd’s term.
Date: December 20, 2021
Location: west virginia
Topics: national;families;federal budget;taxes
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Manchin said that the Build Back Better Act has no means testing for the expanded child tax credit. He said people making as much as $400,000 "still get the child tax credit, the same as someone making ($50,000, $60,000) or $70,000 that really needs it." The increases offered in the Build Back Better Act begin to fall starting with single parent families making over $112,500 and couples making over $150,000. By the time a household makes $200,000, those benefits have disappeared. Under the pre-pandemic rules, less generous benefits continue for married couples making as much as $440,000. But that exists totally apart from the Build Back Better Act. Under any reading of the concept of means testing, the Build Back Better Act uses that approach. A household making $70,000 would see higher benefits than a comparable household making over $200,000. We rate this  .
Statement: Unlike marijuana, medical cannabis oil cannot get you high.
Speaker: allen peake
About the speaker: Allen Peake, a Republican, is a member of Georgia House of Representatives, serving portions of the Macon area.
Date: December 3, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: health care;states;marijuana
Context: a press conference at the Georgia State Capitol
Fact-check justification: Even the National Institute on Drug Abuse, while acknowledging the federal government does not see marijuana as medicine, reports that CBD as a "non-psychoactive cannabinoid" that may prove useful in treating epilepsy as well as some inflamation disorders and mental illnesses. In other words, while the medical use of cannabis oil can be debated given the limited number of medical and clinic studies, there is some common ground on the product. Marijuana remains officially a more dangerous drug than cocaine, according to the federal government. But the main component of the plant used to make cannabis oil doesn’t have the mind-altering, munchies-inducing effect associated with street use of the plant. We rate Peake’s statement .
Statement: 46 percent of women between the age of 16 to 24 despise sexual contact" in Japan.
Speaker: aziz ansari
About the speaker: Aziz Ansari is an actor, comedian and author of the book Modern Romance.
Date: June 16, 2015
Topics: sexuality;punditfact
Context: comments on "The Daily Show"
Fact-check justification: Ansari said, "46 percent of women between the age of 16 to 24 despise sexual contact" in Japan. Despise seems a slightly bold word for it. Still, the surveys on this question all point to a healthy proportion of the young Japanese population having little interest in sex, relationships and dating, and one survey in particular reflects what Ansari said. Experts say Ansari had it right. We rate this  . Update: This item was updated on June 25 with more details about the relationship between marriage and sex in Japan.
Statement: Abigail Spanberger supported "nearly $1 billion in stimulus checks for prisoners, including domestic terrorists.
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: October 4, 2022
Location: virginia
Topics: criminal justice;stimulus;coronavirus
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: One of the recipients was Tsarnaev, the Boston Marathon bomber. Republicans unanimously opposed the legislation. The NRCC omits important information: Republicans voted for two earlier coronavirus relief bills that also, among many things, allowed coronavirus relief checks to go to imprisoned people. And Tsarnaev’s stimulus money was seized to pay restitution to his victims and criminal fines. The NRCC tells half the story and we rate its  .
Statement: CNN is recycling crisis actors in reports about a man dying in Afghanistan in 2021 and at the Uvalde, Texas, school shooting in 2022.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 25, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;texas
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We conducted a reverse-image search that showed the photo on Wikitubia , a Wikipedia-type page for YouTubers, that identifies the person as Jordan. The name Bernie Gores has appeared online since at least August 2020. Back then, the same photo of Jordan was featured as Bernie Gores, a person missing in Lebanon after a fuel explosion in Beirut . That was a hoax, and so is this.   We rate it .
Statement: I fought hard for that (state Senate) seat. I only lost by four points. I raised over $700,000.
Speaker: doug stoner
About the speaker: Doug Stoner, a Democrat, served one term in the Georgia House of Representatives, from 2003-2004. He served in the Georgia Senate from 2005 to 2012.
Date: August 3, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: campaign finance;candidate biography
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: It hadn’t been changed by Tuesday afternoon. To sum up, Stoner said he had raised about $700,000 in his 2012 campaign for a state Senate seat. Stoner said he meant $700,000 over the course of all his political campaigns. But the statements he made at the candidate forum and on his website leave a vastly different impression. We rate Stoner’s  as .
Statement: Defibrillators are being installed all over" the U.K. after a child's death, which may be "why the UK suddenly stopped" COVID-19 vaccination for children under 11 years old.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 9, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that thousands of defibrillators are being installed across the U.K. after the sudden death of a young child, and linked this to changes in COVID-19 vaccine eligibility for children in the U.K. The death referred to in the post was that of an 18-year-old man, not a child. There’s no  his death is linked to COVID-19 vaccines. The map of defibrillator locations shown in the video comes from a public-access database that predates COVID-19. There’s no widespread effort to install defibrillators across the U.K., but there are efforts to show people where to find them. Finally, the U.K. has not stopped giving COVID-19 vaccines to all children ages 5 to 11, though there are eligibility restrictions.  We rate this  .