chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: An image of a woman buried up to her neck and drinking a spoonful of water was from Iran and taken just before she was "stoned to death" under Sharia Law.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 19, 2019
Topics: fake news;iran;islam;religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The photo is part of a series taken by various news agencies, like Reuters , and depicts Maria Gabriela Ruiz, a 66-year-old Colombian woman who was one of three people protesting the Colombian government’s failure to relocate 150 displaced people to a safer sector of the city of Cali, according to one caption . Ruiz and others protested by voluntarily burying themselves up to their necks in July 2003, as was documented by photographs of the protests, which are available on Getty Images and Adobe’s stock images . This isn’t to say that Iran hasn’t been criticized for its forms of punishment, which still include stoning as a legal method. The photograph is real but has nothing to do with Islam, Sharia law or stoning, as social media’s  caption suggests. This post is !
Statement: Says the 2018 defense authorization bill includes raises for the military "for the first time in 10 years.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 9, 2018
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: remarks at the White House
Fact-check justification: Trump said that recent legislation "includes raises for our military. First time in 10 years." That’s . Depending how you count it, the most recent year without a military pay raise was either 35 or 57 years ago — not 10. And the most recent pay raise wasn’t even the biggest in the past 10 years; it was exceeded by raises in 2008, 2009 and 2010, during the Bush and Obama administrations. We rate the statement .
Statement: We've lifted hundreds of thousands of people out of poverty in the last five years.
Speaker: bill de blasio
About the speaker: Bill de Blasio is the mayor of New York City. He has been mayor since 2014. De Blasio received a bachelor’s degree in metropolitan studies from New York University and a master’s degree in international affairs from Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in September.
Date: May 17, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: city government;poverty
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: De Blasio said his administration has "lifted hundreds of thousands of people out of poverty in the last five years." His administration’s methodology in measuring poverty, recognized as effective, calculated that there were 236,500 fewer people in poverty or near poverty in 2017 because the poverty rate was lower than in 2013. But his statement didn't include the term "near poverty." He said poverty. And even using the city's definition of who qualifies as poor, there are roughly 140,000 fewer poor people in New York City today under the declining poverty rate. That's not hundreds of thousands. What's more, the federal poverty rate has been falling nationally, and the city has enjoyed a robust economy during de Blasio’s tenure. While the city has implemented and supported initiatives that help low-income people, experts are skeptical that his policies lifted all of those people out of poverty as his use of the word "we" suggests. We rate his  .
Statement: Your chances of throwing it are actually a little bit better in that situation.
Speaker: doug pederson
About the speaker: Eagles head coach
Date: December 18, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: sports
Context: In a press conference
Fact-check justification: Eagles coach Doug Pederson chose to pass the ball on a two-point conversion that would have likely won Sunday’s game against the Baltimore Ravens. He didn’t even have running back Ryan Mathews on the field and explained "your chances of throwing it are actually a little bit better in that situation." The last five years of two-point conversion data show otherwise. Teams have converted 53 percent of running attempts on two-point conversions, compared to 48 percent of passing attempts. Pederson may have been right to throw against the Ravens, but his justification for his decision was . We rule the  .
Statement: The Obama administration's 2013 Syria proposal "had no clear objective," while Trump's Syria strike "had a clear strategic objective.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: April 9, 2017
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: an interview on ABC "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Rubio said the Obama administration’s 2013 Syria airstrike proposal "had no clear objective," while Trump’s Syria strike "had a clear strategic objective." In 2013 Obama’s team made their goals clear through a days-long lobbying effort: to degrade Assad’s chemical weapons abilities and deter future attacks through targeted military strikes on facilities and resources related to the attack. Trump in 2017, conversely, didn’t lobby Congress and the public because he launched his strike unilaterally. After the strike, his team said the action was designed to degrade a facility related to the chemical weapons attack and send a message that the United States doesn’t tolerate chemical weapons use. There is little material difference between what Obama planned to do and what Trump actually did, in terms of goals and scope. We rate Rubio’s  .
Statement: New financial regulation "actually guarantees future bailouts of Wall Street banks.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: April 14, 2010
Location: national
Topics: corporations;economy;financial regulation;regulation
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Is it possible that liquidation may cost the government money, potentially more money than is allowed for in the bill? Yes. But even so, McConnell is using seriously overheated rhetoric. Nothing in the bill "guarantees" future bailouts of Wall Street banks. We rate his statement .
Statement: Brian Kemp and Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger "perhaps in collusion with the Radical Left Democrats" are attempting to "unseat" U.S. Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 21, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: national;elections;legal issues;jan. 6
Context: a statement to the media
Fact-check justification: Trump said Kemp and Raffensperger "perhaps in collusion with the Radical Left Democrats" are attempting to "unseat" Greene. A group of voters filed a challenge with Raffensperger to remove Greene from the ballot. Under state law, Raffensperger is required to forward that challenge to an administrative law judge, and he did so. As governor, Kemp has no role in this process.  We rate this statement . RELATED : All of our fact-checks of Trump RELATED : What Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene has said about election fraud, QAnon and other conspiracy theories ’ RELATED : All of our fact-checks about elections
Statement: Video shows former President Donald Trump addressing the nation on June 16.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 16, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) The video shared in the post is from November 2022, when Trump spoke remotely at the Republican Jewish Coalition’s national leadership meeting .   It doesn’t show him speaking on June 16, as this post suggests. We didn’t find  that he addressed the nation from elsewhere on that date, either.   We rate claims this video shows a June 16 Trump speech .
Statement: Your politicians in Tallahassee today are saying, in your area, that they don't need any more jobs. That is exactly what Rep. Paul Renner said.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: February 13, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a roundtable discussion
Fact-check justification: Scott said, "Politicians in Tallahassee today are saying, in your area, that they don't need any more jobs. That is exactly what Rep. Paul Renner said." That is not exactly what Renner said, and it misleads voters about the issue. Renner supports legislation to eliminate funding for Visit Florida and Enterprise Florida, which Scott says will cost Florida jobs -- ergo, Renner supports losing jobs. Renner, naturally, sees it differently. He thinks the money would be better devoted to tax cuts. The picture is far more complex than the broad brush Scott paints. We rate this  .
Statement: During my administration, for example, we boosted U.S. exports to Canada and Mexico by about 50 percent. That supports about 2.8 million American jobs.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 29, 2016
Location: national
Topics: trade
Context: a press conference at the North American Leaders Summit
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "During my administration, for example, we boosted U.S. exports to Canada and Mexico by about 50 percent. That supports about 2.8 million American jobs." The first  is plausible, though experts say Obama should have used 2008, not 2009, as his baseline. That change would have cut the growth down to about 30 percent. The second  is , so long as you believe Obama to be suggesting that 2.8 million jobs were created due to export increases. We rate these claims . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/9c21f93f-09e9-4f15-8239-71781338bf0f
Statement: Says George Washington said, "A free people ought not only be armed and disciplined. But they should have sufficient arms and ammunition to maintain a status of independence from any who might attempt to abuse them. Which would include their own government.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 13, 2018
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: However, the quote is then manipulated into a differing context and the remaining text is ." Here’s the accurate version of Washington said: "A free people ought not only to be armed, but disciplined; to which end a uniform and well-digested plan is requisite; and their safety and interest require that they should promote such manufactories as tend to render them independent of others for essential, particularly military, supplies." Washington "was a strong proponent of a robust national defense" and during his first annual address to Congress argued for lawmakers to take a role in promoting the domestic manufacture of weapons and ammunition to avoid the supply issues that the Continental Army faced during the Revolutionary War, said mountvernon.org. The Facebook post contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: You can absolutely get a gun if you have several felonies as long as you buy it on the Internet or at a gun show.
Speaker: amy schumer
About the speaker: Amy Schumer is a comedian and star of Comedy Central's Inside Amy Schumer.
Date: April 28, 2016
Topics: crime;punditfact;guns
Context: an episode of "Inside Amy Schumer"
Fact-check justification: Schumer’s character said, "You can absolutely get a gun if you have several felonies as long as you buy it on the Internet or at a gun show." The kind of transaction Schumer described is possible, though illegal, and far more complicated than her comment suggests. Federal law prohibits felons from buying guns. But with some effort, they could purchase a gun from private sellers over the Internet or at a gun show without getting caught, because private sellers are not required to run background checks. Schumer is doing a comedy bit, but compared with similar claims we’ve checked, her phrasing makes it sound like buying guns with a felony is easy and lawful. That is not the case. The context is significant. We rate her  .
Statement: President Donald Trump's budget "threatened to cut $2 trillion from Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid
Speaker: hakeem jeffries
About the speaker: Hakeem Jeffries is a member of Congress representing parts of Queens and Brooklyn in New York City.
Date: April 29, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: federal budget;medicaid;medicare;social security
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Jeffries said Trump’s budget threatened to cut $2 trillion from Medicaid, Medicare, and Social Security. The only way to get to $2 trillion in cuts is by counting some numbers and not others. Expert said the net cut would be closer to $1 trillion.  We rate the statement .
Statement: The poverty rates for African Americans and Hispanic Americans -- it's been incredible, they've all reached their lowest levels in the history of our country.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 29, 2018
Location: west virginia
Topics: race and ethnicity;poverty
Context: Wheeling, W.Va
Fact-check justification: While Trump didn’t directly take credit for the decline in his Wheeling remarks, it’s worth noting that the poverty rate had fallen for several years running under his predecessor, President Barack Obama. So the pattern stems from the generally improving economy under both presidents. Our Ruling Trump said, "The poverty rates for African Americans and Hispanic Americans -- it’s been incredible, they’ve all reached their lowest levels in the history of our country." He’s right that poverty rates hit their historical lows in 2017 since the statistic was first calculated consistently in 1966. We rate the statement .
Statement: Congratulations to the IRS on winning the $846.3 million Mega Millions Jackpot.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 3, 2022
Topics: lottery;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post shared a Twitter screenshot claiming the winner of the $1.34 billion Mega Millions lottery jackpot will have to pay $846.3 million in taxes to the IRS. The Forbes article used in the screenshot does not say this and explains in detail how the winnings will be taxed if distributed in a one-time, lump-sum payment that is lower than the advertised jackpot. The actual amount of money the winner will be expected to pay in federal taxes for the one-time payment is around $288.7 million million. If the full jackpot amount was taxed, it would still not be anywhere near the figure the post cites. We rate this  .
Statement: In contrast to how a Black man who was shot by police was treated, Kenosha police officers "let an armed white supremacist walk right past them after shooting people.
Speaker: gwen moore
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore is a Democratic member of Congress, representing Wisconsin's 4th District, which primarily includes Milwaukee. Moore, who served in the state Legislature from 1989 to 2004, was elected to Congress in 2004.
Date: August 26, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: legal issues;guns
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: In a tweet, Moore said in contrast to how a Black man who was shot by police was treated, Kenosha police officers "let an armed white supremacist walk right past them after shooting people." Kenosha police did let Rittenhouse walk by and ultimately return home to Illinois after prosecutors say he killed two protesters and injured a third.  But social media posts and profiles haven’t revealed any  linking him to white supremacist groups, according to a key organization that tracks extremist activity.  A statement is  when it’s partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. That fits here.
Statement: Says "On the Public Service Commission, (Kevin Cramer) raised his pay to over $93,650.
Speaker: heidi heitkamp
About the speaker: Heidi Heitkamp, a Democrat, served as a U.S. senator from North Dakota from 2013 to 2019.
Date: September 26, 2018
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Heitkamp said, "Could you give yourself a $23,000 raise? Ask Kevin Cramer. On the public service Commission, he raised his pay to over $93,650." Cramer’s salary increased by $25,737 during his tenure on the Public Service Commission. But he didn’t give himself that raise. The governor proposed it, the OMB drafted it, and the legislative assembly voted on its passage. The other 12 elected officials in North Dakota received the same percentage salary bump. We rate this statement .
Statement: Obama never held a single Senate hearing on Afghanistan.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: July 18, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: McCain's ad, though, doesn't make the detailed case that Clinton did as to why Obama should have held hearings on Afghanistan in the first place. And in the months since Clinton made her , Obama did chair a meeting of the Foreign Relations committee in which Afghanistan was discussed at some length (though it arguably was not the primary reason for the meeting; the ambassadorships were). Taking all of this together, we find we have to lay out a number of explanations for McCain's statement on hearings, but in essence, he's right. Obama did not hold hearings that dealt directly with Afghanistan. We rate McCain's statement .
Statement: The woman in this photograph is Margaret Sanger, founder of Planned Parenthood, meeting with the Ku Klux Klan in 1926, Silver Lake, New Jersey.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 15, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: There is no sign referencing Sanger in the original photo either. Gizmodo reported in 2015 that the altered image was created in 2006 as part of a contest from an anti-Sanger blog. "The blog contest, unsurprisingly, was pretty specific," Gizmodo says in the story. "Since there are no photos of Sanger addressing the KKK, people were supposed to create art commemorating the event." We rate this image .
Statement: NEW: Biden Admin. instructs Americans to social distance and wear masks in the event of a Nuclear Fallout.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 1, 2022
Topics: nuclear;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Social media posts said in a "new" update, the Biden administration instructed Americans to "social distance and wear masks in the event of a Nuclear Fallout." The COVID-19 recommendations that appear on FEMA’s nuclear explosion web page predate the Biden administration. Archived web pages show they have been in place since at least November 2020.  We rate this  .
Statement: Says Texas schools have had "massive increases" in class sizes with Rick Perry as governor.
Speaker: arne duncan
About the speaker: Arne Duncan is the U.S. Secretary of Education. Prior to his appointment as secretary of education, Duncan was chief executive officer of the Chicago Public Schools.
Date: August 18, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: "We are looking at having fewer teachers and a growing student population," Spencer said. "That means a higher student-to-teacher ratio." It makes sense that the size of some classes could grow as districts adjust to teacher cutbacks. But Duncan’s statement says classes have already grown massively, a  contradicted by state figures indicating elementary school classes might be slightly bigger than they used to be — and some high school classes are smaller than they were in earlier years. We rate the secretary’s  .