chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says the Department of Defense changed its definitions of al-Qaeda and the Taliban making it so almost anybody can be loosely associated with the groups.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: November 22, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: civil rights;criminal justice;terrorism
Context: the CNN Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Paul’s debate warning ties to the House-approved language adding "associated forces" to the Taliban and al-Qaeda as permitted U.S. targets--not to the Defense Department’s budget, contrary to his wording. Most significantly, the U.S. government has laid  to such authority for about a decade. So even if the cited provisions pass into law, they would not change how the government prosecutes detainees. Also, we saw no  that the change would make American non-combatants vulnerable. We rate Paul’s  . CORRECTION, 3:16 p.m., Dec. 6, 2011: This story has been amended so that Wittes is not identified as a lawyer. Our original fact check incorrectly said that he is.
Statement: Says Romney invested in a firm that made goods in China that "could have been made here in America.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 1, 2012
Location: national
Topics: china;jobs;message machine 2012
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The Obama campaign ad said, "These appliances could have been made here in America." For the coffee makers and other items that Global-Tech produced, that is conceivable but unlikely. The U.S. had the technology and the trained people to do the work. But the economics of global trade made that unworkable well before Romney and Bain invested in the firm. We rate the statement .
Statement: Expanding Medicaid will worsen health care options for the most vulnerable among us in Texas.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: April 1, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicaid;poverty
Context: Austin, Texas
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that "expanding Medicaid will worsen health care options for the most vulnerable among us in Texas." Not only does this assertion make no logical sense -- some health coverage should always be an improvement over none -- but the  Cruz and others have pointed to also doesn’t back up his point. None of the studies make the argument Cruz does, and the small sample sizes of uninsured patients, combined with the challenge of defining the terms "Medicaid" and "uninsured," pose serious questions about whether Cruz’s conclusion is valid. In fact, several authors of the papers we contacted disagreed with Cruz’s interpretation of their research. This sweeping generalization does not hold up. We rate the  .
Statement: Right now, I'm polling at about 8 percent" against Barack Obama and Mitt Romney.
Speaker: gary johnson
About the speaker: Gary Johnson is the Libertarian nominee for president in 2016. He was also the party's nominee in 2012. He previously served as governor of New Mexico as a Republican.
Date: June 5, 2012
Location: national
Topics: elections;polls and public opinion
Context: an interview on "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart"
Fact-check justification: He said "right now," yet the most recent PPP national poll was taken in April, nearly two months ago. Also, viewers probably got the impression Johnson has consistently polled at that level in many polls. But the vast majority have not offered Johnson’s name to respondents; the percentage of respondents volunteering "other," a measurement that may be seen as a rough approximation of Johnson’s core support, has ranged between 1 percent and 3 percent in these polls. Finally, experts say they believe Johnson’s showing in the PPP poll exaggerated his level of support. On balance, we rate Johnson’s  .
Statement: Fifty percent of our new" Texas "teachers don't have college degrees.
Speaker: andrew white
About the speaker: Andrew White, a businessman whose father, Mark, served as governor of Texas from 1983 through 1986, seeks the 2018 Democratic nomination for governor.
Date: January 11, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: a public interview with Evan Smith of the Texas Tribune
Fact-check justification: White said 50 percent "of our new" Texas "teachers don’t have college degrees." In fact, very few newly certified teachers lack college degrees. White's camp told us he meant to refer to teachers who don't get certified through undergraduate education programs. We rate what he said .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: About halfway through fiscal year 2009, Washington has run out of money.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: April 22, 2009
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: an opinion piece
Fact-check justification: The statement we're checking here is, "In short, about halfway through fiscal year 2009, Washington has run out of money." That "halfway" number is a little bit of a push; it's actually 57 percent of the year. And, the "run out of money" is metaphorical, not literal. But Boehner is right with his central point that we're spending more money than we're taking in, and that the difference is close to the halfway mark this fiscal year. So we rate his statement .
Statement: The (New England) Patriots were led by an explosive offense that scored the second most points in the NFL.
Speaker: rhode island senate
About the speaker: The Rhode Island Senate consists of 32 Democrats, 5 Republicans and 1 independent.
Date: January 15, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: history;sports
Context: a Senate resolution
Fact-check justification: In sum, the  can be accurate, but only if you combine regular-season and postseason play, which means comparing teams that competed in 16 games with those that have played 17 games (or in a few cases, 18 games). That's a sizable caveat. Because the statement needs clarification or additional information to be correct, we rate it  . (With research by Michael McDermott, sports editor of The Providence Journal. If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Says members of the military have sent him more campaign contributions than they've sent President Barack Obama and more than twice what they've sent other Republican presidential candidates.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: July 20, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: campaign finance
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our most-to-least breakdown: Herman Cain, $2,850; Mitt Romney, $2,750; Michele Bachmann, $2,250; Newt Gingrich, $500; and Tim Pawlenty and Rick Santorum, $250 each. On the Democratic side, Obama’s campaign received more than $16,000 in donations from members of the military. After we conducted this rough check, Paul’s campaign spokesman, Gary Howard, said by email that their numbers showed that Paul garnered $34,480 from members of the military; other GOP candidates fielded $13,848 and Obama took in $19,849. Summing up, Paul’s military-connected contributions for the three months more than double such contributions to all the other Republican presidential candidates—and they also exceed Obama’s. We rate his statement .
Statement: U.S. public schools don't teach the Declaration of Independence.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 6, 2023
Topics: education;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video shared on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A viral video claimed U.S. public schools don't teach the Declaration of Independence.  State educational standards that dictate what students learn in schools across the country require that kids be taught the Declaration of Independence.  We rate this  . RELATED: No, schools didn’t stop teaching cursive writing to keep kids from reading the Constitution
Statement: We don't need a separate (prescription drug) database ... Pharmacies already have a database in place.
Speaker: larry ahern
About the speaker: Larry Ahern is a member of the Florida House of Representatives representing District 51. He was first elected in 2010.
Date: March 25, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: drugs;health care;public health
Context: a letter to the editor of the "St. Petersburg Times"
Fact-check justification: But he just doesn't think the statewide database is an effective tool in that fight. He also claimed in his letter to the editor that a database already is in place. There are many private-sector databases that collect information on prescription drug purchases, but those databases are not interconnected and were not created with the idea of reducing prescription drug abuse statewide. These individual store or company databases don't address the problem. So we rate this  .
Statement: Says Mitch McConnell's "biggest donor" is a "Russian oligarch that the GOP just lifted sanctions on.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 31, 2019
Topics: campaign finance;transparency;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post says McConnell’s "biggest donor" is a Russian oligarch who was released from U.S. sanctions. Blavatnik is involved in Deripaska’s businesses, on which sanctions were lifted recently, but it is  to call him the Russian oligarch "that the GOP just lifted sanctions on." Blavatnik also donated money to McConnell’s Senate Leadership Fund, but he wasn’t the highest donor, records show. He also contributed to other Republican leaders and GOP-affiliated PACs. The attack on McConnell gets a lot of the details . So we rate it .
Statement: One of the interesting things about the Recovery Act was most of the projects came in under budget, faster than expected, because there's just not a lot of work there.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: November 7, 2010
Location: national
Topics: stimulus
Context: a "60 Minutes" interview
Fact-check justification: The recession has created desperate workers willing to work cheaper, and the cost of materials is still relatively low. Obama's point that this was borne out by the stimulus projects is on target. But he stretched the facts -- at least what is actually known -- when he claimed most projects have come in under budget and faster than expected. And so we rate his  . Michael Grabell is a staff writer for ProPublica who covers the stimulus.
Statement: Water-fueled car can travel from LA to NY on 22 gallons.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 30, 2022
Topics: environment;gas prices;science;facebook fact-checks
Context: Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post showing a dated news broadcast in which inventor Stanley Meyer claims his "water fuel cell" could convert water into fuel and power an automobile engine. Meyer insisted someone could drive from Los Angeles to New York on 22 gallons of water using his invention. The  has circulated in varying forms over the years and has been consistently debunked. We could find no  that water can be used as a fuel source. Such a feat would contradict thermodynamics. We rate this  .
Statement: Under Republicans, recessions happen four times as frequently as under Democrats.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: September 19, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: remarks at the 2015 New Hampshire Democratic Party State Convention
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that "under Republicans, recessions happen four times as frequently as under Democrats." The numbers back up Clinton’s  since World War II: Of the 49 quarters in recession since 1947, eight occurred under Democrats, while 41 occurred under Republicans. It’s important to note, however, that many factors contribute to general well-being of the economy, so one shouldn’t treat Clinton’s implication -- that Democratic presidencies are better for the economy -- with irrational exuberance. Clinton is right on the numbers, but her  needs additional information to put its implication into the proper context. We rate her  .
Statement: Says Adolf Hitler "didn't even sink to the level of using chemical weapons. ... He was not using the gas on his own people the same way that (Bashar al-)Assad is doing.
Speaker: sean spicer
About the speaker: Sean Spicer is former press secretary to President Donald Trump. Previously, he was the communications director for the Republican National Committee.
Date: April 11, 2017
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: comments to reporters
Fact-check justification: Spicer said Hitler never used chemical weapons. The Nazi regime brought an industrial approach to mass murder of its citizens and others it sought to exterminate. The construction of gas chambers and the use of deadly gas was fundamental to that strategy. While the convention against chemical weapons did not exist in World War II, the modern definition would encompass the Nazi gas chambers. It makes no difference whether victims are brought to a room filled with deadly gas, or if the gas is sent to them in a bombing raid. We rate this  .
Statement: On Inauguration Day, Vice President Kamala Harris "put her clutch on top of the Bible so her hand is not touching it.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 21, 2021
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: In her memoir , Harris called Marshall "one of my heroes and inspirations." A photo of Harris’ swearing-in ceremony from another angle shows that her left hand is resting on a Bible. (AP) The Facebook post is  and makes a  . We rate it !
Statement: Mark Zuckerberg was arrested.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 4, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Claims that Zuckerberg was arrested are unfounded. He’s been active on Facebook in the days since, posting a video on May 12 that showed him using a forthcoming virtual reality headset .   He gave an interview to Protocol, a publication that covers technology — with no mention of his alleged arrest.   There are no credible reports to corroborate it.   We rate this post !
Statement: Barack Obama's nominee for 'regulatory czar' has advocated a 'Fairness Doctrine' for the Internet" that would require links to opposing opinions.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: April 27, 2009
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;technology
Fact-check justification: So the chain e-mail/article is correct that Sunstein once suggested it. But contrary to the headline, it's a position he no longer holds, as he has since said strongly and repeatedly. Once . No longer. That leaves us at .
Statement: CBS News reported that two more suspects were arrested in the Buffalo shooting, and that one more victim was identified.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 16, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "#BREAKING," read the first tweet, which included four photos. "Two individuals arrested in connection with the #Buffalo mass shooting: Dimitri Potapoff (top) and Richard McWingo (bottom), were arrested by Buffalo law enforcement on Sunday. They allegedly provided weapons, ammunition, and body armor for the shooter. "  The second tweet said: "Another victim of the #Buffalo mass shooting has been identified as Bernie Gores, aged 35."  Facebook posts sharing images of these tweets were flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .)
Statement: Backyard chicken flocks have stopped laying eggs, and the feed is responsible.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 31, 2023
Location: national
Topics: animals;food
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Facebook posts  that backyard flocks have stopped laying eggs and chicken feed is to blame. There is no  that commercial feed is being sabotaged to negatively impact the number of eggs that backyard hens are laying, multiple experts said. Many things, including improper nutrition, infection and stress, can cause drops in egg production.  Tractor Supply and other major feed suppliers targeted by these claims confirmed that they haven’t changed their formulas. A commercial egg shortage, meanwhile, has primarily been because of an avian influenza epidemic, which has killed millions of birds in the U.S., not feed.  We rate this . RELATED: Is RNA making chickens lay fewer eggs? No, improper nutrition, disease are likelier to blame , Jan. 25, 2023 RELATED : The Bill Gates egg shortage conspiracy isn’t all it’s cracked up to be RELATED: 95-item list of food-destroying incidents demonstrates that "you are duped if you think they aren’t planning a food shortage."
Statement: Every single (health care) plan that this White House has ever put forward since Donald Trump was elected covered pre-existing conditions.
Speaker: mick mulvaney
About the speaker: In December 2018, President Donald Trump named Mick Mulvaney as his acting chief of staff. In 2017, Trump nominated Mulvaney to direct the Office of Management and Budget, and he was confirmed shortly after. Before, he served as the new U.S. Congressman for South Carolina's 5th District from 2010-2017. Mulvaney grew up in the Carolinas and went to Georgetown University. He attended law school at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and later did additional course work at Harvard Business School.
His professional background includes law and real estate.
Date: March 31, 2019
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on ABC News' "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Mulvaney said that every single Republican health care plan "covered pre-existing conditions." It is accurate to say that all of them addressed the matter, but in one way or another, all of them failed to match the guarantees currently in the Affordable Care Act. A wide range of policy analysts agreed that under each proposal, some people with ongoing health problems potentially faced much higher rates or coverage of fewer benefits than today. For people concerned about pre-existing conditions, the current coverage is stronger than anything Republicans have proposed. We rate this  .
Statement: In Congress Ron DeSantis pushed a 23% national sales tax.
Speaker: maga inc
About the speaker: MAGA Inc. is a pro-Donald Trump PAC.
Date: May 12, 2023
Location: national
Topics: taxes;florida
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A MAGA Inc. TV ad said that "in Congress Ron DeSantis pushed a 23% national sales tax." DeSantis co-sponsored Fair Tax bills three times while in Congress. Those proposals would set a national sales tax and replace other federal taxes, including income tax. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .  RELATED : Nancy Pelosi repeats incomplete talking point on 2017 GOP tax bill RELATED : Fact-checking 2024 presidential candidates, who’s running
Statement: Says the Biden administration is choosing to send baby formula to the border as one of its "out-of-touch priorities.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: May 12, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;border security;children;families
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: In a statement, Abbott said the Biden administration choosing to send baby formula to the border "is yet another one in a long line of reckless, out-of-touch priorities" on the border. An unverified photo suggests that the Biden administration has shelves stocked with baby formula to feed infants at processing centers near the border amid a nationwide formula shortage.  What’s missing from claims like Abbott’s is that the Biden administration’s actions are in keeping with what previous presidents have done to comply with a federal settlement governing the detention of immigrant children. The baby formula shortage continues to cause stress for many American families, but it does not release the government from its legal responsibility to provide adequate care and nutrition to the children in its custody. The  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that give a different impression. We rate it .