chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: University of Wisconsin System's reserves are in the "mid- to low-range" of comparable university systems.
Speaker: kevin reilly
About the speaker: Kevin P. Reilly began his tenure as the sixth president of the University of Wisconsin System on September 1, 2004. Reilly served as Chancellor of UW-Extension from July 2000 through August 2004. He was Provost and Vice Chancellor of Extension from 1996 to 2000. A native of New York City, Reilly came to Wisconsin from the State University of New York System, where he was Associate Provost for Academic Programs and then Secretary of the University.
Date: April 23, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget;states
Context: a legislative meeting
Fact-check justification: SUNY: -16 percent Our rating Reilly said UW System's reserves are in the "mid- to low-range" of comparable university systems, as though that fact has been clearly established. Using a key measure, Wisconsin’s level of reserves is below that of some of its peers. But there is debate about whether some of the state systems the UW System considers to be peers are in fact peers. And figures simply aren’t available for other peer systems. With the  available, we find Reilly’s statement partially accurate but missing important details -- our definition of .
Statement: In the House, Republicans dramatically outperformed historical precedents.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 7, 2018
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "In the House, Republicans dramatically outperformed historical precedents." That’s not what the numbers currently show, and the GOP’s position in the House is likely to end up worse as the outstanding races are called. If you look all the way back to the Civil War era, the expected GOP losses are in line with the long-term historical average -- not a dramatic overperformance. And if you look at the patterns typical over the last 50 years, the projected losses for 2018 are one-third higher than the average losses and more than double the median losses during that period. We rate the statement .
Statement: Sherrod Brown "sent billions of our tax dollars to foreign countries.
Speaker: josh mandel
About the speaker: Josh Mandel, a Republican from Lyndhurst, is a Marine veteran who served two tours in Iraq. He served as Ohio treasurer from 2011 to 2019.  Before that, he was a state representative from the 17th Ohio House District. He unsuccessfully challenged Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 US Senate race. Mandel is running for the GOP nomination for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat in 2022.
Date: May 23, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: congress;federal budget;foreign policy;message machine 2012;stimulus
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: When confronted with those facts, the Mandel campaign offered as support for its  that Brown votes for appropriations for U.S. foreign operations. That's the money for embassies, war-related spending to help establish new governments and the U.S. portions of international missions. That's a  stretch from what the ad implies, which is that Brown tried to hide that he irresponsibly sent billions or our tax dollars to foreign countries. We have a rating for statements that are both  and . It's .
Statement: Wisconsin is "clearly seeing a decline in COVID infections
Speaker: wisconsin republican legislative leaders
About the speaker: Robin Vos, R-Rochester, is the speaker of the Wisconsin Assembly. Scott Fitzgerald, R-Juneau, is Senate Majority Leader. Republicans have controlled both chambers of the Wisconsin Legislature since the 2010 election.
 
Date: April 21, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;public health;coronavirus
Context: a joint statement
Fact-check justification: Vos and Fitzgerald said the state is "clearly seeing a decline in COVID infections." There are a lot of ways to slice the coronavirus data, but this is an exaggeration. New cases and deaths in the week before this  were roughly in line with both the preceding week and the averages for the month of April. Hospitalizations had dropped somewhat from the week prior, but were holding steady for the five preceding days. We rate this  .
Statement: One out of two Americans … are living either in or near poverty. That means 150 million Americans, half of us.
Speaker: tavis smiley
About the speaker: Tavis Smiley is the host of the late-night television talk show Tavis Smiley on PBS and The Tavis Smiley Show from Public Radio International (PRI).
Date: April 22, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;poverty;welfare
Context: an interview on CBS' "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: The Census Bureau has produced a number that supports Smiley’s  that "one out of two Americans … are living either in or near poverty. That means 150 million Americans, half of us." However, it is not the Census Bureau’s official measure of poverty; that statistic would have shown no more than one-third of Americans to be near-poor. Failing to mention that it’s an alternative statistic may leave a  impression with viewers. On balance, we rate the statement .
Statement: Says "we brought crime rate down by 30 percent" when he was mayor of Dallas.
Speaker: tom leppert
About the speaker: Tom Leppert, who unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. Senate in 2012, served as mayor of Dallas from June 2007 to early 2011. He previously worked in business, also serving as CEO of The Turner Corporation, the nation's largest general building company, according to the biographical material on his campaign website.
Date: January 12, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: city budget;federal budget;crime
Context: a U.S. Senate debate hosted by Empower Texans and the Texas Public Policy Foundation
Fact-check justification: Leppert’s estimate of a 30-percent, three-year drop is on target, though crime was dropping years before his tenure and factors beyond his influence surely contributed to the drop he touts --  among them private donations before he was mayor and the earlier hiring of a new police chief. Yet the police force grew substantially on his watch. We rate his statement .
Statement: $2.4 million of the NIH dollars was spent on 'origami' condoms.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: October 15, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: ebola;public health
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: In trying to document waste at NIH, Paul said the health agency spent $2.4 million on "origami" condoms. Paul didn’t provide any more information in his speech, leaving the crowd to wonder whether tax dollars are going to the development of paper condoms folded into fancy shapes. What he didn’t say is that ORIGAMI is the name of a company that has received the NIH grants to develop an improved condom that is made of silicone and has fold-out pleats. NIH has long encouraged  condom use to reduce unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. We don’t find much fault with Paul, however. The company, by its very name, suggests the principles of origami drive its design. So we rate Paul’s  .
Statement: New Glarus Brewing Co.'s Spotted Cow is available only in Wisconsin.
Speaker: mary burke
About the speaker: Burke is a former Trek Bicycle executive and former Wisconsin Commerce Department secretary who announced on Oct. 7, 2013 that she would seek the Democratic nomination for governor in Wisconsin in the fall 2014 election against incument Republican Gov. Scott Walker. She lost to Walker on Nov. 4, 2014. She is a school board member in Madison, Wisconsin.
Date: August 7, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: alcohol
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: The brewery made a business decision and stopped out-of-state sales about 11 years ago. And that’s become an important, if not entirely well known, selling point for the brewery ever since. We rate her statement .   Correction: This item originally stated that Summer Shandy was introduced in 2011. The correct year is 2007.
Statement: Undocumented students who qualify for in-state Oregon tuition are "actively working toward U.S. citizenship.
Speaker: michael denbrow
About the speaker: Michael Dembrow is the state representative for Oregon House District 45, which includes Northeast Portland, the city of Maywood Park and the Parkrose area. He is an English instructor at Portland Community College.
Date: April 4, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: immigration;education
Context: a website posting
Fact-check justification: But the federal Dream Act is not Oregon’s Tuition Equity Bill and for supporters to  that these students are all "actively working toward" or "on the path" toward citizenship is . To sign an affidavit that the student will file an application as soon as the student is eligible to do so is essentially meaningless for most students. Unless students are already in the process of applying for citizenship, which might be the case for some, the moment where they are eligible likely will never come for most undocumented students under current law.    There’s an element of  -- signing an affidavit indicates some intention on the part of the student who hasn’t yet applied -- but it’s nowhere near the same as applying for legal status with USCIS. We rate this .
Statement: Our (Texas) graduation rate ranks 43rd out of 50 states.
Speaker: bill white
About the speaker: Bill White, an author, is a San Antonio native who was mayor of Houston from 2004-2009. He was the 2010 Democratic nominee for governor of Texas.
Date: February 1, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: The national rate of graduating students in 2009 was 69.3 percent. Texas' graduation rate has been sliding. In 2001 the state ranked 35th, with 65 percent of students graduating from high school. In 2008, Texas ranked 42nd with 62.6 percent of students graduating. We rate White's  as .
Statement: According to the CDC, "110 million Americans now have a sexually transmitted illness.
Speaker: phil robertson
About the speaker: Phil Robertson founded the Duck Commander Company in 1993 in West Monroe, La. He and his extended family have starred in the A&E reality TV show, "Duck Dynasty."
Date: February 27, 2015
Topics: health care;public health;punditfact
Context: a speech at the CPAC conference
Fact-check justification: Robertson said that, according to the CDC, "110 million Americans now have a sexually transmitted illness." The figure isn't out of thin air -- it has been touted aggressively by the CDC -- but Robertson describes its meaning incorrectly. There are 110 million infections -- not people who are infected -- and only a small percentage of infected individuals are considered to have an "illness." The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says "all my grandparents" immigrated to America.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: April 15, 2015
Location: national
Topics: immigration;candidate biography
Context: Iowa
Fact-check justification: Talking about immigration in Iowa, Clinton said, "All my grandparents, you know, came over here." It’s very clear from the  that not all of Hillary Clinton’s grandparents were immigrants. In fact, only one was. It’s possible she misspoke, but it doesn’t make her comment more accurate. We rate her  .
Statement: Says Rep. Maxine Waters, D-Calif., only needs about 40,000 to 50,000 votes to win election to Congress compared with the 120,000 votes King needs, because Waters has a higher immigrant population.
Speaker: steve king
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Steve King is a Republican congressman from Iowa.
Date: May 22, 2014
Location: national
Topics: elections;population
Context: a House floor speech
Fact-check justification: In a warning to Republicans about the risks of allowing illegal immigrants a path to citizenship, King said Waters wins election to Congress with fewer votes than he does because of ‘two things’ -- lower turnout and a higher immigrant population. King is correct that both lower turnout rates and a higher population of immigrants who aren’t allowed to vote accounts for some of the difference in their respective vote totals. But he gets some of the key numbers , cherry picks the type of election he’s talking about and ignores the role of the districts’ size, the level of presidential competitiveness and differences in the quality of the competition they face. We rate King’s  .
Statement: Says the paperback edition of Mitt Romney's book deleted line that Massachusetts' individual mandate "should be the model for the country
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: December 10, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care;states
Context: Iowa
Fact-check justification: Perry's right that Romney's comments about health care were edited between editions. Among other things, a line that advocated the Massachusetts model as a strong option for other states was replaced by a shorter, more generic sentence. But that line was preceded by an argument for state-level solutions, exactly the argument Romney extends now. That's not how Perry characterized it. So he did win that bet — by not betting. We rule his  .
Statement: You must list all your guns on your 2010 tax return.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: November 1, 2009
Location: national
Topics: taxes;guns
Context: an e-mail circulated to many people
Fact-check justification: It's worth noting that variations of this chain e-mail have been circulating for many years. The Web site UrbanLegends.about.com wrote about this rumor back in September 2000. Only recently has a new version emerged. And like so many  e-mails we've examined lately, it targets President Barack Obama. This e-mail makes so many   claims that we have to set the meter ablaze — !
Statement: Heidi Cruz, Ted's wife, is managing director of Goldman Sachs. They oversee the Texas utilities.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 21, 2021
Topics: energy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In Texas, the electricity grid’s main operator is the nonprofit Electric Reliability Council of Texas , or ERCOT. It manages the flow of electric power to more than 26 million customers, and it’s governed by a board of directors that includes industry representatives , among others. ERCOT is subject to oversight by the Public Utility Commission of Texas , which regulates the state’s electric, telecommunication, water and sewer utilities.    Gov. Greg Abbott called on ERCOT’s leadership to resign in the wake of grid failures during the winter storm and he has made reforming the group an emergency item for the 2021 legislative session, which is now underway.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says Adam Schiff's family Christmas card has a photo of the whistleblower, who is dating Schiff's daughter.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 11, 2019
Topics: congress;impeachment;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: (Also, for the record, PolitiFact cannot confirm that person is the whistleblower.) Alexa Schiff’s boyfriend isn’t the first person to be confused with the CIA officer. We’ve already debunked multiple posts that  photos of George Soros’ son, Alexander, is the alleged whistleblower. Another  , that a photo of "Obama’s White House staff" shows the whistleblower, is also .   We rate this Facebook post !
Statement: Says the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine "dumps millions" of dangerous "spike proteins right into your body.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 14, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: "It's just a single viral protein similar to the hepatitis B and human papillomavirus vaccines, and are remarkably safe. "  "The SARS-CoV-2 virus, on the other hand, reproduces itself thousands of times, and is incredibly dangerous." The National Institutes of Health said data from the trial "indicate the investigational vaccine was generally well-tolerated." The most common side effects were mild to moderate pain at the injection site, fatigue, headache and temporary muscle pain. We rate the post .
Statement: Cannabis reform "is supported by the majority of the residents of our state, including a majority of Republicans.
Speaker: melissa agard
About the speaker: Melissa Kristen Agard is an American small business owner and politician from Madison, Wisconsin. A Democrat, she is a member of the Wisconsin State Senate and minority caucus vice-chair. She previously served four terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, when she was primarily known as Melissa Sargent.
Date: April 11, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: drugs;legal issues;marijuana
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Among Republicans, 51% supported legalization, while 42% were opposed.   But that comes with a footnote: To reach the 51% level, one has to include those who identify as Republican, as well as those who lean Republican. This is often done in polling, so it’s not surprising here. But it is worth noting. We rate the  .
Statement: The city (of St. Louis) is no stranger to violence. There were 5,762 violent crimes in 2015 alone, including 188 homicides. The highest rate per capita in the country, according to FBI crime statistics.
Speaker: pete hegseth
About the speaker: Pete Hegseth is CEO of Concerned Veterans for America and a Fox News contributor. He was a Republican candidate for U.S. Senate in Minnesota in 2012. 
Date: September 17, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: crime
Context: a Fox News segment
Fact-check justification: Fox News commentator Pete Hegseth said St. Louis had the highest crime rate and highest homicide rate per capita in the country in 2015, according to UCR data. Hegseth cites the data correctly. But experts caution against using crime data to compare cities. In St. Louis’ case, its high crime rate is at least partially explained because the St. Louis suburbs are not part of the city proper. Hegseth’s  is accurate but needs that point of clarification. That meets our definition of .
Statement: Postmaster General Louis DeJoy "gave $400,000 to Republicans just this year" and has "between $30 and $75 million in assets of direct competitors to the United States Postal Service.
Speaker: really american
About the speaker: Really American is an anti-Donald Trump political action committee. 
Date: August 12, 2020
Topics: ad watch
Context: a tweeted video
Fact-check justification: In an ad, Really American said DeJoy "gave $400,000 to Republicans just this year" and has "between $30 and $75 million in assets of direct competitors to the United States Postal Service." Data from the Federal Election Commission and the Office of Government Ethics confirms those claims. DeJoy and Wos’ holdings in XPO and UPS alone amount to between $30.3 and $75.8 million, and DeJoy has contributed more than $440,000 to Republican causes since January 2020. Whether XPO is a "direct competitor" to the USPS is up for debate, but the company could benefit from a weaker Postal Service. Meanwhile, the USPS inspector general is investigating DeJoy for potential ethics conflicts. The Really American ad is accurate but needs clarification or additional information.. We rate it .
Statement: This new gas tax does not increase (road) capacity anywhere in the state. It will build no new lanes of freeways. If Californians didn't like their traffic before, they're going to like it even less when they're stuck in the exact same traffic and paying more for their gas.
Speaker: travis allen
About the speaker: Travis Allen is a Republican and a member of the California State Assembly, representing the Orange County area. He is a 2018 candidate for California governor.
Date: June 15, 2017
Location: california
Topics: gas prices;state budget;the 2018 california governor's race;transportation;taxes
Context: a Repeal the Gas Tax campaign article
Fact-check justification: Republican Assemblyman and candidate for governor Travis Allen claimed California’s gas tax increase won’t build new roads or freeway lanes nor will it ease traffic congestion. His statement distorts the goal of the gas tax increase. Its purpose was to tackle the state’s backlog of transportation repairs -- not to build bigger roads and highways. Allen also misses the mark on the details. It’s correct to say one of the measure’s big pots of money prohibits spending on general purpose freeway lanes. But it allows funding for freeway carpool and toll lanes along with efficiency projects that can ease up bottlenecks. Additionally, the measure sets aside $100 million annually for the expansion of local roads. Allen’s  balances on a sliver of , but has a freeway full of problems. We rate it .  –  The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Governor’s race Allen is one of two top Republican candidates to announce a run for California governor. The other is John Cox, a businessman from San Diego County. S everal prominent Democrats  are also competing in 2018 to succeed Jerry Brown as governor. They include former Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa , California Treasurer John Chiang ; Delaine Eastin, the state’s former superintendent for public instruction; and Gavin Newsom , the state’s current lieutenant governor. Visit our Tracking the  series  here  to see all of our 2018 governor's race fact-checks.  Tracking the : Hear a  you want fact-checked? Email us at  [email protected] , tweet us  @CAPolitiFact  or contact us on  Facebook .