chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Right now we are spending at an all-time high, close to 25 percent of our GDP [is] being spent on the federal government. But our revenues are at an almost all-time low of about 15 percent [of GDP].
Speaker: mark warner
About the speaker: Mark Warner, a Democrat, has represented Virginia in the U.S. Senate since 2009. He serves on the Banking, Budget, Commerce and Intelligence committees. He is the honorary co-chairman of the Forward Together PAC.
Warner gave the keynote address at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. Warner previously served as governor of Virginia from 2002 to 2006. He also ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in 1996. Before public office, Warner was an early investor in the cell phone business, co-founded the company that became Nextel.
Warner was born in Indianapolis, Ind., and grew up in Illinois and Connecticut. Warner graduated from George Washington University, Washington, D.C. He received a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass.
Date: April 17, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: deficit;economy;federal budget;taxes
Context: a TV appearance
Fact-check justification: Revenue levels -- 93 percent of which come from taxes -- haven’t been this low in 60 years. So Warner is right. He also aces the spending side. The U.S. has only seen government outlays chew up this much of GDP once in history, at the height of World War II. We rate this statement .
Statement: Every bit of plastic that has ever been created still exists.
Speaker: jeff bridges
About the speaker: Jeff Bridges is an Academy Award-winning actor, singer and activist.
Date: March 28, 2016
Location: national
Topics: environment;energy;science
Context: a Facebook video
Fact-check justification: Bridges' statement was absolute: "Every bit of plastic that has ever been created still exists." The experts say that's rubbish. "It's too all-encompassing," said Beckman. Although far too much plastic persists in the environment in places and in forms that are unwanted, too much has been burned or degraded to make the assertion accurate. Because his provocative  leaves no room for subtlety, we rate it .
Statement: The American Power Act "would cut our dependence on oil in half.
Speaker: votevets.org
About the speaker: VoteVets is an advocacy group.
Date: May 26, 2010
Location: national
Topics: cap and trade;climate change;energy;oil spill
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: We also note that the EIA's analysis of the 2009 House version of the bill is less optimistic than the NRDC. But most significantly, we think the context of the ad suggests Wolf is talking about cutting overall oil consumption -- not just foreign oil imports -- in half. If they were only talking about oil imports, why would Wolf be standing on an oil-stained beach in Louisiana? Perhaps newer reports will ultimately back up the VoteVets , but they based their  on a 2009 report that actually projects a much smaller reduction in overall oil consumption. And so we rate the  .
Statement: Baby carrots are soaked in bleach and can cause cancer.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 23, 2022
Topics: food safety;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook video said baby carrots are soaked in bleach and can cause cancer. A nutritional expert said baby carrots are shaped from longer, thinner carrots that are unlikely to be sold as is on the market. They are washed in a diluted solution with bleach, but are rinsed off. The solution is safe under federal regulations, and is no more harmful than the chlorine solution in tap water. We rate this  .
Statement: During her tenure as county attorney in Minnesota, "there was a 65 percent decrease in incarceration of African-Americans.
Speaker: amy klobuchar
About the speaker: Amy Klobuchar is a senator from Minnesota. Klobuchar was elected as senator in 2006 and re-elected in 2012 and 2018. Klobuchar received a bachelor’s degree in political science from Yale University and a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School. In 2019, she announced she was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 2, 2020.
Date: March 17, 2019
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;criminal justice;legal issues;crime;race and ethnicity
Context: an interview on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Klobuchar said that during her tenure as county attorney in Minnesota, "there was a 65 percent decrease in incarceration of African-Americans." Klobuchar’s statement hinged largely on unreliable data for jails. The only credible data we can use, for prisons, shows the African-American incarceration rate fell by 12 percent, and the admission rate fell by 22 percent. That's a drop, but both are well below 65 percent. Experts said that Klobuchar’s policies could have contributed to the decline, though other factors beyond her control could have made a difference as well. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says he worked with the Democratic legislature to balance spending with revenues so that "at the end of my four-year term, the rainy day fund was established at more than $2 billion.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: August 8, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;new hampshire 2012;state budget
Context: a speech to a Manchester, N.H. Rotary club
Fact-check justification: The state's financial records back that up. But it's important to note that the spending reductions he touts occurred in just one year, 2003. Other years, thanks to economic growth, Romney and the legislature were able to increase spending. And besides the spending reductions in that one year, Massachusetts also earned a revenue windfall from a surge in capital gains receipts. We rate his  .
Statement: The budget for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau "is only about 1 percent of the amount banks generate just from late fees and overdraft fees.
Speaker: elijah cummings
About the speaker: Elijah E. Cummings is a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland.
Date: May 24, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;financial regulation;regulation
Context: a congressional subcommittee hearing
Fact-check justification: According to the Department of Commerce, profits in the finance and insurance sector for 2010 -- not revenues, just profits -- amounted to $366.8 billion . We’ll note here that we're not ruling on whether a budget that’s equal to 1 percent of penalty and overdraft fees is too little (or too much) to carry out the agency’s tasks. But on the specific comparison Cummings made, we found that he was accurate and even understated the disparity slightly. He’s correct that the new agency’s budget is "only about 1 percent of the amount banks generate just from late fees and overdraft fees." So we rate his statement .
Statement: Says Hunter Biden "was hanged at Gitmo.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 17, 2021
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: On the day Hunter Biden was supposedly hanged, Fox News host Sean Hannity spoke about  the ongoing DOJ investigation into a consulting firm tied to the younger Biden. Hannity didn’t mention anyone’s death. Meanwhile, Hunter Biden recently sold at least five prints of artwork for $75,000 each at his recent Los Angeles exhibition , appearing on Oct. 1 before a crowd of 200 people at Hollywood's Milk Studios. There is no  that this video is legitimate. !
Statement: Re: (Marco) Rubio's support of earmark ban: In 2002 alone, he requested 37 earmarks worth $43 million.
Speaker: steven schale
About the speaker: Steven Schale is a Democratic strategist who ran President Barack Obama's Florida campaign in 2008. He is principal manager of Schale Strategies, LLC and maintains a blog, www.stevenschale.com.
Date: November 15, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget;state budget
Context: a posting on Twitter
Fact-check justification: But those aren't the years Schale referenced.  Schale said Rubio requested 37 earmarks in 2002 worth $43 million -- which he says is at odds with Rubio's current support for an earmark ban. Schale has his math right, according to figures kept by the state. Rubio that year ranked fifth in requests for money among Florida House members. We rate Schale's statement .
Statement: There's a tremendous tax that we pay when we (American businesses) go into China, whereas when China sells to us there's no tax.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 26, 2016
Location: national
Topics: china;trade
Context: an interview with the New York Times
Fact-check justification: Trump said "there’s a tremendous tax that we pay when we go into China, whereas when China sells to us, there’s no tax." If Trump was thinking of China’s value-added tax, he has something of a point. China has a basic VAT of 17 percent, while the United States has none. However, the VAT applies to most goods sold in China, regardless of where they are made. And the VAT affects domestic producers the same as foreign ones. If Trump was thinking of import tariffs, he has a different problem. Yes, China’s tariffs are higher than those imposed by the United States, but the Chinese exporters do face a tax when they sell in this country. So in terms of tariffs, Trump is . No expert or report we found from impartial sources suggested that taxes of any sort presented a challenge to American firms that sell in China. There are problems, but they stem from other things China does. Whatever tax or tariff Trump had in mind, he either exaggerated the impact on trade or got the U.S. rate . We rate this  .
Statement: We have lost more lives in the last two years" due to opioids "than all of the lives lost during the Vietnam War.
Speaker: richard ojeda
About the speaker: Richard Ojeda, a U.S. Army veteran and Democratic state senator, ran unsuccessfully for a U.S. House seat in West Virginia in 2018. He has announced his interest in pursuing the presidency in 2020.
Date: October 24, 2018
Location: west virginia
Topics: drugs;health care;military
Context: a video posted to Facebook
Fact-check justification: Ojeda said, "We have lost more lives in the last two years" due to opioids "than all of the lives lost during the Vietnam War." More than 90,000 people died from opioid overdoses in 2016 and 2017 combined, and more than 135,000 died from all drug overdoses in those two years. Both are higher than the 58,220 U.S. service member deaths in Vietnam. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Biden supports a school choice ban that would impact 74,000 Wisconsin students.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 11, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral post on Facebook from a pseudo-news site says a "Biden school choice ban would impact 74,000 Wisconsin students." Biden does oppose one stripe of school choice programs, ones that apply public tax dollars to parents’ private school tuition bills. But everything else in this headline is . The term "school choice" also covers an array of other programs that Biden supports. And the voucher program in Wisconsin is about 42,000 students, not 74,000. But most notably, the assertion that Biden has the power to "ban" such voucher programs simply doesn’t hold water. A president and Congress that opposed vouchers could put some hurdles in place, but the Wisconsin program is authorized and funded by the state. We rate this  .
Statement: For decades, the state's gas tax has been among the highest in the nation.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: June 27, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: transportation;taxes
Context: a letter to Department of Transportation officials
Fact-check justification: The state topped the ranking in 1988. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the state’s taxes ranked among the top five highest, ranking second in 2003 and 2004. Our rating In a letter to transportation officials, Walker wrote "For decades, the state’s gas tax has been among the highest in the nation." He backed up his claims with federal data showing Wisconsin has been among the top 10 states for the highest gas taxes in the nation for more than 30 years, even topping the chart in 1988. We rate the  .
Statement: Amy Coney Barrett overturned a $6.7M verdict after a prison guard repeatedly raped a 19-year-old inmate who was 8 months pregnant.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 24, 2022
Topics: supreme court;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that Barrett, while serving on an appeals court, reversed a decision to award $6.7 million in damages to a pregnant inmate raped by a jail guard in Wisconsin. The  leaves out the context that Barrett didn’t make the decision alone; it was the unanimous decision of a three-judge panel. Also, the court was only ruling on whether Milwaukee County was liable to pay the damages, not the award amount itself. The court ruled the county was not responsible under Wisconsin’s indemnification law because the guard acted outside of his job duties and his training.  The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Bill McCollum holds the same position on (embryonic stem cell research) as Barack Obama.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: June 8, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: abortion;science
Context: a campaign mail piece
Fact-check justification: McCollum did vote for the Dickey Amendment, which sought to prevent federal funding of embryonic stem cell research. But in 2004, he talked about "appropriate funding" for embryonic stem cell research. Obama, meanwhile, has supported increased federal funding for embryonic stem cell research, saying embryonic stem cells "may have the potential to help us understand, and possibly cure, some of our most devastating diseases and conditions." There's enough of a question when it comes to funding in our minds to add a slight asterisk to Scott's mailer. We rate his  .
Statement: Says Newt Gingrich is responsible for the gridlocked politics of Washington.
Speaker: david axelrod
About the speaker: David Axelrod is a former senior adviser to President Barack Obama. He is now an analyst for NBC News.
Date: December 5, 2011
Location: national
Topics: bipartisanship;history
Context: an interview on NBC's "The Daily Rundown"
Fact-check justification: So while Gingrich was sharply partisan, there are solid examples where he short-circuited gridlock to push bills to enactment. On balance, we rate Axelrod’s statement .
Statement: Fox offers Chris Wallace's Sunday spot to Candace Owens.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 2, 2022
Topics: pundits;facebook fact-checks;punditfact
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Fox News confirmed to PolitiFact that the  about Owens is . The rumor appears to have originated with "America’s Last Line of Defense," a network of parody websites whose bogus stories have fooled people online for years. In 2017, PolitiFact reported that a man from Maine was operating the sites, writing under a series of pseudonyms.   A headline on one of the "America’s Last Line of Defense" websites matches the text of the widespread Facebook post verbatim — except that it misspelled Owens’ last name. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: You have areas of Pennsylvania that are barely affected and [the governor wants] to keep them closed.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 14, 2020
Location: national
Topics: coronavirus;pennsylvania
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said that Wolf wants to keep parts of Pennsylvania closed that have been " affected" by the coronavirus. Trump was likely speaking about counties in Central and Eastern Pennsylvania like Lebanon and Lancaster whose Republican lawmakers have been clamoring for more freedom even though their coronavirus case counts remain relatively high. Those places have not been " affected." They’re battling active outbreaks. Trump was right, though, that until May 15, Wolf wanted to keep closed nine counties with relatively few cases. For these reasons, we rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: When the mayor of Providence's brother wrote over 100 grand in bad checks to the city, Joe Fernandez didn't have the guts to prosecute him. He let him off the hook.
Speaker: peter kilmartin
About the speaker: Peter Kilmartin has been Rhode Island's attorney general since Jan. 4, 2011. He is a lawyer and retired captain in the Pawtucket Police Department who, until his election, had been a state Representative since 1991.
Date: September 1, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: ethics;crime;message machine 2010
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: * He attacks Fernandez for not bringing criminal charges, when Fernandez, by law, had no authority to do so. * He faults him for not bringing a civil case, when Fernandez, for ethics reasons, turned the case over to a private lawyer to pursue potential civil action. His allegations against Fernandez fall into the realm of , and we give him a !
Statement: We confer more PhDs each year than any other university in America except Berkeley.
Speaker: bill powers
About the speaker: William Powers Jr., president of the University of Texas at Austin since February 2006,  previously served as dean of the university's School of Law, whose faculty he joined in 1977.
Date: September 27, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: his "State of the University" address
Fact-check justification: Powers said that each year, UT-Austin confer more PhDs than any other U.S. university except Berkeley. That was so in 2009-10 -- and in another recent year, UT awarded even more PhDs than Berkeley. In other years, however, UT ranked third, fourth, sixth, third and fourth nationally in PhDs bestowed as Berkeley ranked first or second. In the end, this speech  misrepresents the results for each year by cherry-picking how the two public universities finished in one year, and those results were (narrowly) not even the latest available count. UT annually awards many PhDs. But each year of late, its total PhDs awarded has gone up and down compared to outcomes at Berkeley and a few other institutions. Put another way, UT fell short of this proclaimed finish in six out of eight recent years. We rate the statement, incorrectly making UT's tally out to be consistently second-best in the land, as .
Statement: Right now we have sufficient reserves to take care of Tennessee's lottery scholarship students for a few years more.
Speaker: dolores gresham
About the speaker: First elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives in 2002, Gresham won election to the Tennessee Senate in 2008 and represents Chester, Crockett, Fayette, Hardeman, Hardin, Haywood, McNairy and Wayne counties. She is from Somerville, which is about 30 miles east of Memphis, and chairs the senate's education committee.
Date: February 29, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: deficit;lottery
Context: an interview with reporters following presentation of improved lottery revenues
Fact-check justification: In pushing for more stringent standards for students to qualify for the state’s lottery scholarships, Gresham said recently recurring deficits in the program could only be sustained for "a few years more." For Tennessee’s huge lottery reserve fund to be depleted would mean exponentially unprecedented deficits that are not seen by even the most pessimistic of projections. Gresham’s  is unsupported by the numbers and we rule it .   ---------------------------------------- * None of the figures in this article include $10 million to $12 million a year in Tennessee Lottery unclaimed prize proceeds that are placed into a separate account exclusively for after-school programs in the elementary grades.
Statement: Says Jacky Rosen promised "to repeal middle-class tax cut.
Speaker: dean heller
About the speaker: Dean Heller is a Republican U.S. senator from Nevada.
Date: April 17, 2018
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a campaign ad press release
Fact-check justification: Heller said that Rosen promised to repeal middle-class tax cuts. The Republican tax law provides immediate tax relief to middle-class families, though those savings expire without further action for all but the highest earners. Rosen spoke at an event that called for repeal of what they called the "Trump Tax" on the middle class. However, Rosen said the law should be fixed; she did not say it should be repealed. As a point of policy, both Rosen and the organizers of the event where she spoke support middle-class tax cuts, but not the package passed by Republicans. There’s some nuance here, but Rosen didn’t vow to repeal the current tax law. We rate this  .
Statement: Forty aides who serve President Barack Obama "owe $333,485 in back taxes.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 28, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: taxes
Context: blog posts
Fact-check justification: Putting all this together, the  -- that 40 staffers in the Obama White House are tax delinquents -- is accurate. Yet when presented as an Obama White House phenomenon, it omits pertinent facts. It fails to mention that this is neither new nor unique to this president or this branch of government.    Based on PolitiFact guidelines, when a  is accurate but leaves out facts necessary to get the full picture, the -O-Meter is to read "." That is how we rate this :  .