chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: I have 35 years' experience making change.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: December 20, 2007
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Iowa and New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: And so we find Clinton's resume and accomplishments generally support her claims of 35 years of political experience. There are a few periods during her Arkansas years when she had less time for public service because she was busy with corporate law and her duties as a new mother. But an examination of her resume and interviews with her biographers show she had a wide range of political and public service roles over those 35 years. Her  to be "an agent of change" for that time is a flourish of campaign rhetoric (she was trying to match Obama's  to the word change), but we find it's reasonable because, to be an advocate for any group or cause often means to seek change. We find her  to be .
Statement: The typical white male worker in this country is making in real terms what he was making in 1973" and "the average worker is making what they were making in 1996.
Speaker: david axelrod
About the speaker: David Axelrod is a former senior adviser to President Barack Obama. He is now an analyst for NBC News.
Date: September 27, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;new hampshire 2012;workers
Context: a speech to the New Hampshire Institute of Politics
Fact-check justification: Axelrod was on the money in talking about the erosion of earnings for white male workers since the early 1970s, and basically on track in comparing how things stand today for the typical American family compared to 1996. We rate his statement .
Statement: Nearly half of all pregnancies in the U.S. are unintended.
Speaker: edith ajello
About the speaker: Edith H. Ajello has been a Rhode Island state representative since November 1992. A Democrat, she chairs the House Committee on Judiciary and is a member of the House Oversight Committee. She lives in Providence and works in oriental rug restoration and sales at V. George Rustigian Rugs.
Date: October 14, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: abortion;census;children;families;health care;public health;women
Context: commentary piece
Fact-check justification: Perry and Ajello stated that nearly half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended. Two studies based on data from the U.S. census and the CDC reported that the share of unintended pregnancies in the United States was 49 percent. We rule this   . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Long gas lines forming in North Korea.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 17, 2017
Location: national
Topics: energy;foreign policy
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump referred to "long gas lines forming in North Korea." North Korea does appear to be facing a gasoline crunch, with prices rising in recent months. But experts we contacted, along with media reports that appeared in response to Trump’s tweet, uncovered little  of lines at the pump, likely because the North Korean government exerts such control over gasoline and automobiles that the impact of such shortages are far narrower than they would be in the United States. We rate the statement
Statement: Says after Australia passed a "new law" that forced gun owners to give up over 640,000 firearms, the country saw a dramatic increase in homicides, assaults and robberies.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 21, 2019
Topics: fake news;history;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: If we interpret the post to be referring to today’s numbers, it’s still .   The rates of various types of violent crime (excluding sexual assault ) has, depending on the crime, stayed the same or declined over the last several years. To summarize our findings, Australia instituted a buyback program in the late 1990s after passing stricter gun legislation, which resulted in more than 640,000 firearms being turned into the government. Meanwhile, the rates of violent crimes did not and have not dramatically increased, as the post suggests. We rate this .
Statement: 100 percent of the crime is committed, in estimate, by about 15 percent of the population.
Speaker: dan patrick
About the speaker: As a Houston state senator, Dan Patrick won election as lieutenant governor of Texas in November 2014 after earlier defeating incumbent David Dewhurst for his party's nomination. Patrick also has hosted a daily talk show on AM700 in Houston.
Date: September 3, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;criminal justice;crime;population
Context: an interview by David Brown, host of the Texas Standard
Fact-check justification: Patrick said: "100 percent of the crime is committed, in estimate, by about 15 percent of the population." Sure, not all of us commit crimes, a point that’s patently obvious. When it comes to the specifics of this "15 percent" declaration, however, we found nothing to back it up — including the statistics offered by Patrick’s office. Invented stats meet our definition of a  . !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. CORRECTION, 5:30 p.m., Oct. 13, 2015 : This story has been amended to correct an  figure. A reader helped us realize the second study of Philadelphia juveniles involved more than 28,000 youngsters, not 2,000, as we initially wrote. This change did not affect our rating of the .
Statement: A salesclerk at Hobby Lobby who needs contraception … is not going to get that service through her employer's health care plan because her employer doesn't think she should be using contraception.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 30, 2014
Location: national
Topics: abortion;health care;legal issues;women
Context: an interview at the Aspen Ideas Festival
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that "a salesclerk at Hobby Lobby who needs contraception … is not going to get that service through her employer’s health care plan because her employer doesn’t think she should be using contraception." There’s reason to believe that future court decisions could allow companies to forgo payment for all types of birth control, but Clinton’s  refers specifically to Hobby Lobby’s policies toward its employees. And in that context, her  is greatly exaggerated. Hobby Lobby doesn’t shun contraception entirely for its employees; it pays for access to 16 out of the FDA’s 20 approved methods. Where Clinton has a partial point is that an employee would be barred from having the company pay for four other types, even if one of those may be the best medical option for the employee’s needs. On balance, we rate the  . UPDATE, July 4, 2014: After this article was published, Hillary Clinton's camp got back to us. A spokesman pointed us to a line from Ginsberg's dissent that "seems to be pretty in line with" Clinton's comments. "The exemption sought by Hobby Lobby and Conestoga (Wood Specialties, another plaintiff in the case) would override significant interests of the corporations’ employees and covered dependents. It would deny legions of women who do not hold their employers’ beliefs access to contraceptive coverage that the ACA would otherwise secure." We stand by the rating of .
Statement: On Donald Trump's plan to cut federal funding to sanctuary cities, "because of a decision by the Supreme Court, no president's in a position to cut off funding across the board. It has to be very specific to the matter at hand.
Speaker: bill de blasio
About the speaker: Bill de Blasio is the mayor of New York City. He has been mayor since 2014. De Blasio received a bachelor’s degree in metropolitan studies from New York University and a master’s degree in international affairs from Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in September.
Date: November 18, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration;city budget;county budget;federal budget;homeland security;state budget
Context: a WNYC interview
Fact-check justification: In a discussion about Trump’s plans to cut federal funding to sanctuary cities, de Blasio said, "because of a decision by the Supreme Court, no president's in a position to cut off funding across the board. It has to be very specific to the matter at hand." It’s not as settled by law as de Blasio makes it sound, but experts say generally that the mayor is correct. The Supreme Court, in South Dakota vs. Dole , concluded that Congress could not coerce local governments to act based on the threat of withholding federal funds. Also, any funds that are withheld must be germane to the reason they are being withheld. The court ruling dealt with Congress, however, and not the executive, and there is ambiguity about both what tactic Trump might pursue and the legal precedence behind it. De Blasio's statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate de Blasio’s  .
Statement: Says Kevin Cramer voted to let insurance companies go back to denying coverage for 300,000 North Dakotans with pre-existing conditions.
Speaker: heidi heitkamp
About the speaker: Heidi Heitkamp, a Democrat, served as a U.S. senator from North Dakota from 2013 to 2019.
Date: August 16, 2018
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Heitkamp said Cramer voted to let insurance companies go back to denying coverage for 300,000 North Dakotans with pre-existing conditions. Cramer's votes technically included provisions to prevent health care companies from denying coverage to people with pre-existing conditions. But the limits of what insurance companies could charge would have been watered down, which would have sent premiums skyrocketing, experts say, to the point that coverage for many would be unattainable. However, only about a tenth of the 300,000 people in the ad would be directly affected by the laws in question. We rate this statement .
Statement: Quotes Alexandria-Ocasio Cortez as saying private truck drivers are "destroying America" and should be "government regulated and drivers should be on full-time camera until we can figure out how to automate our shipping and do away with them altogether.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 14, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Some of these satire websites, including BustaTroll, make clear its articles are indeed made up. But, as is the case with this faux quote and others, eventually the fabricated content is transformed into unsourced memes that are then shared on social media as real news. In this case, several posts share the fabricated quote as real, with captions like "Not getting political on this page but you ALL SHOULD KNOW this is what AOC thinks of ALL OF US,,,,,she needs to go," and "Look at this dumb b****." This meme displays a  Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez quote taken from a made-up story and includes no disclaimer. As such, we rate it !
Statement: Says HR 1 would "legalize" the kind of fraud found in North Carolina
Speaker: dan crenshaw
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Dan Crenshaw represents the 2nd Congressional District in Texas.
Date: March 9, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: And his arguments do nothing to substantiate his original tweet. We rate his  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] .
Statement: Actions of the Tennessee state legislators who protested against gun violence were "at least equivalent" to the actions of the Jan. 6 insurrectionists.
Speaker: cameron sexton
About the speaker: In August 2019, Cameron Sexton was elected the 83rd Speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives. He first joined the House in 2010 and represents the 25th House District, which includes Cumberland and Van Buren Counties, as well as the City of Monterey in Putnam County.
Date: March 30, 2023
Location: national
Topics: states;guns;jan. 6
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Sexton said that actions of the Tennessee state legislators who protested against gun violence were "at least equivalent" to the actions of the Jan. 6 insurrectionists. A trio of Democratic lawmakers stood at the lectern on the Tennessee House floor calling for legislative action in response to gun violence. The protest stopped the House chamber’s official business, but the protesters’ actions were not an attempt to overthrow the state government. There was no violence or destruction of property, and no one was arrested.  In comparison, Jan. 6 rioters smashed windows and broke doors causing millions of dollars in losses, injured 140 police officers, and vandalized property. Sexton’s comparison of the Tennessee lawmakers’ actions to the actions of the people who stormed the Capitol on Jan. 6 is . We rate his  . RELATED : Protesters against gun violence didn’t make their way onto the Tennessee House floor RELATED : All of our fact-checks of statements about Jan. 6 Staff writer Madison Czopek contributed to this fact-check.
Statement: If public employees don't pay more for benefits starting April 1, 2011, "the equivalent" is 1,500 state employee layoffs by June 30, 2011 and 10,000 to 12,000 state and local government employee layoffs in the next two years.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: February 21, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;state budget
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: He provided a basis for those claims. Walker also said cited layoffs of local government employees. He didn’t spell out that estimate, but it appears he would have the figures needed to make it. If more details emerge, we’ll revisit this item. For now, we rate Walker’s statement .
Statement: Says the man who rushed the stage at him in Dayton, Ohio, "had chatter about ISIS, or with ISIS" in his social media posts.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 13, 2016
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;elections;terrorism
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Trump said Thomas DiMassimo, the man who rushed at him in Dayton, Ohio, "had chatter about ISIS, or with ISIS" in his social media posts. There is lots to offend people on DiMassimo’s social media posts. But there doesn’t appear to be any legitimate connection between DiMassimo and ISIS. The link Trump tweeted was a hoax or an effort to troll DiMassimo. It’s also unlikely that someone who really had ISIS ties and who had been arrested for threatening a presidential candidate on live television would be quickly released from custody pending trial. The police report of his arrest makes no mention of ISIS or Islamic terrorism. We rate the  . UPDATE, March 14, 2016 : In an interview with CNN on March 13, DiMassimo "vehemently denied belonging to ISIS. He told CNN the video was doctored and provided a link to what he said was the original footage from a protest he participated in more than a year ago."
Statement: Says "74 percent of small-business people believe that Obamacare is a bad idea.
Speaker: larry elder
About the speaker: Larry Elder announced April 20 that he is running as a Republican for president. He lost the California gubernatorial recall election in 2021 and is a conservative radio talk show host.
Date: October 11, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: The numbers that Elder used to base his  were in response to a different question. Also, the poll that Elder relied on to make his  is deeply flawed. Still, Elder believes the combined 74 percent of respondents in the U.S. Chamber of Commerce poll who say the health care law may impact future hiring reflects their feelings about Obamacare. Elder may have a point, but there is no concrete  that supports his argument. We rate his  .
Statement: The first Congress passed a law mandating that every able-bodied man must own a musket.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: April 28, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: history;guns
Context: a speech to the National Rifle Association
Fact-check justification: Cruz said: "The first Congress passed a law mandating that every able-bodied man must own a musket." Action by the nation’s second Congress wasn’t that far-reaching. The law required states to create militias to be staffed by some able-bodied white men aged 18 through 44 who were to provide their own muskets and other supplies. Excused from militia service: Officials ranging from the vice president to certain workers and also anyone exempted by a state. We rate this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Joe Biden leaked the names of SEAL Team 6's families to al-Qaida and that he "cannot be trusted.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 1, 2019
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that Joe Biden leaked the names of elite SEAL Team 6 members to al-Qaida. There is no  to suggest that Biden disclosed information to the terrorist organization. Though he made remarks praising the Navy SEALs as a group in an address two days after the raid that killed bin Laden, Biden’s speech came after it was already public knowledge that the group and the CIA were part of the operation.  We rate this  .
Statement: In case you forgot. Two years ago today, we were experiencing the greatest economy in the history of the world.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 5, 2021
Topics: economy;jobs;facebook fact-checks
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: Facebook posts said, "In case you forgot. Two years ago today, we were experiencing the greatest economy in the history of the world." Economists offer multiple data points that undermine this assertion. While unemployment was near historical lows under Trump, growth in gross domestic product was well below what previous presidents achieved, and other metrics such as wages and business investment ranged from decent to mediocre. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Travis County, home to Austin, is the most liberal county in the United States.
Speaker: tom delay
About the speaker: Tom DeLay, a former members of the U.S. House and Texas House, is a former House majority leader. He resigned his seat in June 2006. In 2010, a Travis County jury convicted him of laundering corporate donations to help Texas House candidates in 2002, but the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals overturned the convictions Oct. 1, 2014.
Date: January 13, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Certainly, especially by Texas standards. Most liberal in the country? Not by a long shot. The statement is more than  -- it’s . !
Statement: X marks the spot at every HCA location where (Gov. Rick Scott) probably defrauded taxpayers.
Speaker: florida democratic party
About the speaker: the Florida affiliate of the Democratic Party.
Date: April 17, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The Florida Democratic Party distributed a cheeky map of the country and Scott, saying "X marks the spot at every HCA location where I probably defrauded taxpayers." The post involves the health care fraud settlement against Scott, who used to be CEO of Columbia/HCA. We don’t know if fraud occured at those eight exact places on their map, but experts said the scope of the settlement with Columbia/HCA suggests the Democrats'  isn’t too much of a stretch. The Department of Justice and the attorney general said the case affected facilities nationwide and taxpayers across the country.  We rate this .