chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Royalties for oil and other energy sources are the "second-largest revenue source to the federal government after the IRS.
Speaker: darrell issa
About the speaker: Darrell Issa is Republican congressman from California. He is also chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee.
Date: May 4, 2010
Location: national
Topics: energy;federal budget
Context: an interview with Dylan Ratigan on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Only about $5.7 billion actually made it to the federal treasury for general purposes in 2009 -- an amount that, if we were to use it instead of the $9.9 billion figure, would push MMS even further down the list of revenue producers for the federal government. We'll grant Issa that this is a complicated fact to hash out during a rapid-fire interview, and we think any error he made in offering this factoid doesn't necessarily undermine his broader argument. We'd go so far as to suggest that Issa would have been perfectly on target if he'd simply said that MMS is "one of the largest" revenue sources to the federal government after the IRS. But he added more specificity than the facts justify. So we rate his statement .
Statement: In 2010, Maxine Waters steered $12 million in TARP funds to her husband's private bank account. She was indicted but served no time.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 6, 2019
Topics: ethics;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post says Maxine Waters in 2010 steered $12 million in TARP funds to her husband’s private bank account. The post also says that she was indicted but served no time. This is  on several points. First, OneUnited received $12 million in bailout funds, not Waters’ husband, though he did have a financial stake in the bank. That conflict of interest led to a congressional investigation after Waters called then-Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson in 2008 (not 2012, as the Facebook post says) on behalf of minority-owned banks.
Statement: We've got a personal tax system that's so complicated it costs Americans about $500 billion a year to comply with the current tax code.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: December 15, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: taxes
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Added together, this is likely a bit lower than the Tax Foundation’s projected 2011 figure of $392 billion and significantly lower than the $500 billion figure. Boehner, as did Perry, made a valid point -- that a whole lot of money is spent on tax preparation in the United States today. But their numbers are not close to accurate, and a huge part of the dollar cost they mention is not money that anyone actually spends. Rather, it is the value placed on the time people take for  preparation. On the -O-Meter, we rate the  .
Statement: Books banned in Texas include 1984, Maus, and The Handmaid's Tale, but not Mein Kampf.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: February 1, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A  viral Feb. 1 tweet  said, "Books banned in Texas include 1984, Maus, and The Handmaid's Tale, but not Mein Kampf. I'm done arguing with the people over whether this is fascism." While Texas is seeing an influx in local requests to remove books, there is no statewide ban in place. Additionally, "1984," "Maus" and "The Handmaid's Tale" are not named in a state effort to scrutinize certain books, though "The Handmaid's Tale: The Graphic Novel" by Margaret Atwood and Renee Nault is included on the list. We rate this  as .
Statement: New Jersey's citizens are working at the highest rate in three years.
Speaker: jennifer beck
About the speaker: Jennifer Beck is a New Jersey State Senator. A Republican, she represents parts of Monmouth County.
Date: June 25, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs
Context: a speech on the state Senate floor
Fact-check justification: Beck said that "New Jersey's citizens are working at the highest rate in three years." To support her , Beck pointed to the number of employed residents, which is at the highest level since more than three years ago. But Beck said rate and the percent of employed residents ticked down slightly from May 2009 to May 2012. We rate this statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton dressed up in blackface.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 2, 2019
Topics: candidate biography;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We further couldn’t find any credible, original source for this photo or corroborating . And it doesn’t pass the smell test. The eyes of the woman in the photo we viewed appear to be brown, not blue, like Hillary Clinton’s. And while the man in the picture perhaps looks like former president Clinton, it’s only a passing resemblance. We rate this  !
Statement: There will be no public funding for abortion in this legislation.
Speaker: bart stupak
About the speaker: Bart Stupak is a former Democratic congressman from Michigan’s 1st district. He declined to seek re-election in 2010, retiring after nine terms in office.
Date: March 21, 2010
Location: national
Topics: abortion;health care
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: The executive order puts the weight of the president's word behind providing a way to ensure two checks go to insurers every month, so that abortion dollars and federal dollars are not commingled. We think that's enough to back up Stupak's , "There will be no public funding for abortion in this legislation." But that's a conclusion we reached before the president promised an executive order, back when Stupak disagreed with us and insisted the bill would have had federal dollars subsidizing abortions. We don't understand how the executive order changes Stupak's logic on this issue, but no matter how he arrived as his conclusion, we think he's right now. And we rule his  .
Statement: Homeless people are immune to COVID-19
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 21, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;public health
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post making the rounds on Facebook claims homeless populations are immune to COVID-19. Not only is there no basis for this  -- or claiming that any group has natural immunity to a virus that emerged just months ago -- the reality says otherwise. A CDC study of shelters in four major cities found that 25% of those tested were positive. In addition, tests of workers at the shelters came back with 11% positive. We rate the  . window.gciAnalyticsUAID = 'PMJS-TEALIUM-COBRAND';
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Statement: Mitt Romney "supervised a company guilty of massive Medicare fraud.
Speaker: winning our future
About the speaker: Winning Our Future is a Super PAC supporting Newt Gingrich for president in 2012.
Date: January 27, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: message machine 2012
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: As PolitiFact Florida found, it is difficult to determine whether Romney was involved in the fraud. Bain had control of Damon for four years, two of those before it went public. We believe Romney had some authority over the policies at Damon. But to say he "supervised" the company is somewhat of a stretch. We rate this  .
Statement: Says a 9-year-old girl was recently raped in Austin, Texas, by a guy previously "caught four times and released.
Speaker: glenn beck
About the speaker: Glenn Beck is the host of The Glenn Beck Program, a nationally syndicated talk-radio show. He also hosts an Internet-based TV show. Beck formerly hosted a television talk show on CNN Headline News and then Fox News.
Date: July 17, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;children;criminal justice;crime
Context: an interview of Gov. Rick Perry
Fact-check justification: Beck said a 9-year-old girl was recently raped in Austin, Texas, by a guy previously "caught four times and released." Beck got the alleged crime and location , but authorities northwest of Fort Worth did detain Israel Andrade, an unauthorized U.S. resident previously deported three times, on a charge of burglary of a habitation with intent to commit another felony, which local officials referred to as indecency with a child by sexual contact. There was no rape. On balance, we find this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: California will have the "highest gas tax in the nation" once its 12 cent gas tax hike goes into effect.
Speaker: jim patterson
About the speaker: Republican state assemblyman from Fresno.
Date: April 10, 2017
Location: california
Topics: energy;gas prices;states;taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Republican State Assemblyman Jim Patterson claimed California’s recent gas tax increase, once approved by Gov. Jerry Brown as expected, would result in the "highest gas tax in the nation." Patterson relied on outdated gas tax rates. Current figures from the Tax Foundation show California’s per gallon gas tax will still trail Pennsylvania’s rate by more than 6 cents, even after the tax hike goes into effect in November. California would likely move from seventh highest to second in the nation. These figures are also confirmed by the American Petroleum Institute. In the end, we rate Patterson’s  . UPDATE: This fact-check has been updated with comments from Joe Henchman of the Tax Foundation about the sales tax California charges on gasoline.  The foundation provided us a second update later in April 2017 that accounted for an additional and less-publicized gas tax increase under California’s new legislation. It concluded "Pennsylvania will still be highest, but by a narrower margin." This latest update factors in an additional 7.5 cent per gallon gas tax increase that would start in July 2019. This is on top of the 12 cent per gallon hike that would go into effect in November. The state’s full gas tax increase would amount to 19.5 cents per gallon by this time. California’s overall gas tax would climb to 58.3 cents per gallon under the foundation’s latest calculations. We continue to rate Patterson's  as  as the foundation concluded this higher California gas tax, even in 2019, would  be "just behind Pennsylvania's highest-in-the-nation 59.3 (cents-per-gallon) tax."    –  The statement is not accurate. Click here for   more   on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Chuck Hagel's nomination as defense secretary "has been publicly celebrated by the Iranian government.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: February 1, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: foreign policy;military
Context: a Politico column
Fact-check justification: Cruz said the Hagel nomination "has been publicly celebrated by the Iranian government." An Iranian foreign ministry spokesman expressed hope that with Hagel as secretary, Washington would become "respectful of the rights of nations" and if so, he said, Iran’s hatred of U.S. policies will decrease. Experts differ on the significance of those comments. But they concur that the response fell short of a governmental celebration, with most saying it was far from it. Our sense is there has been no Hagel party in Iran, leaving this  worse than . It’s . !
Statement: When Donald Trump lost the Iowa caucus to Ted Cruz in 2016, "he immediately cried that Cruz cheated.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: November 18, 2020
Location: iowa
Topics: elections
Context: tweets
Fact-check justification: Twitter users said President Trump claimed the Iowa caucuses in 2016 were fraudulent. Trump tweeted a handful of times on Feb. 3, 2016 about Ted Cruz stealing the election and the votes being fraudulent. We rate the Twitter users’ claims to be .
Statement: Waiting periods for gun purchases may not make a difference, because "If somebody's decided that they're gonna take their life, they're gonna take their life.
Speaker: van wanggaard
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Sen. Van Wanggaard, R-Racine, was elected to the Senate in 2010. He lost his seat in a recall election in 2012, but won the seat back in a regular election in 2014. He is a retired traffic investigator with the Racine Police Department and a former member of the Racine County Board of Supervisors.
Date: June 5, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: public health;public safety;guns
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: When asked whether Wisconsin should reinstate the 48-hour waiting period for handgun purchases, Wanggaard said no because he doesn’t know "that that saves anything," and "if somebody’s decided that they’re going to take their life, they’re going to take their life." But research shows a link between waiting periods and reduced suicide deaths, especially suicides by firearm.  Separately,  suggests that the majority of people who at one point sought to die by suicide do not do so.  We rate his  .
Statement: When it comes to protesters in Madison, "almost all" are now from outside of Wisconsin.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: February 22, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;state budget
Context: a secretly-recorded prank telephone call
Fact-check justification: Certainly there are folks there from far and wide. But there’s no  the out-of-towners have taken over. All  points to this being -- and remaining -- a home grown effort. We rate Walker’s statement . Patrick Tricker of The Daily Cardinal contributed to this report.
Statement: Says Barack Obama "has the legal authority to let in really however many refugees he wants, from whatever country.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: February 5, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration;federal budget;foreign policy;terrorism
Context: a public forum
Fact-check justification: Federal law requires the president each year to set a ceiling on the number of refugees to be admitted to the United States in the next 12 months and to set priorities on which countries they come from. But the president does not have unilateral authority. The president must set the framework in consultation with Congress. And both the president and Congress determine funding for the federal agencies involved in the resettlement process. For a statement is that is partially accurate but leaves out important details, our rating is .
Statement: Says court ruling allows abortions in North Carolina "until right before the baby is delivered.
Speaker: tim moore
About the speaker: Tim Moore is a Republican from Cleveland County and the speaker of the N.C. House of Representatives.
Date: June 4, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: abortion
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Moore’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] .
Statement: If you tried to pay out $1 trillion by handing it out at $1 per second, it would take more than 31,000 years.
Speaker: johnny isakson
About the speaker: Johnny Isakson, a Republican, is a U.S. senator from Georgia
Date: January 24, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: "Over 31,000" is therefore close enough for all practical purposes, Ulmer said.    We wholeheartedly agree. Isakson gets an A in arithmetic. We rule his statement . And we hope he continues to tout the -O-Meter in all his speeches.
Statement: Sen. Kyrsten Sinema "voted with the president 93% of the time.
Speaker: karine jean-pierre
About the speaker: Karine Jean-Pierre is an assistant to President Biden and White House Press Secretary. She has been a long-time adviser to Biden in the administration, the campaign, and to the then-vice president. Earlier, she served as chief public affairs officer for MoveOn.org and as an NBC and MSNBC political analyst.
Date: December 9, 2022
Topics: congress;voting record
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: She cited a FiveThirtyEight analysis of how often Sinema voted with or against Biden.   FiveThirtyEight's analysis included only 59 votes, and experts said there's more to supporting a president than casting votes. Sinema objected to several of Biden's legislative proposals and forced compromises before bills came to a vote, which is not reflected in the voting record. The statement is accurate but needs clarification. We rate it .
Statement: Says President Obama "helped more than half a million veterans and military family members go to college through the Post-9/11 G.I. Bill.
Speaker: michelle obama
About the speaker: Michelle Obama is the wife of Barack Obama and the former First Lady of the United States. She is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School and has worked for the Mayor of Chicago and the University of Chicago. Michelle and Barack Obama have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: December 14, 2011
Location: national
Topics: afghanistan;iraq;veterans
Context: a speech welcoming home troops at Fort Bragg
Fact-check justification: Michelle Obama said her husband has "helped more than half a million veterans and military family members go to college through the Post-9/11 G.I. Bill." Michelle Obama made it sound like the bill was a major legislative priority for him, but it was signed by his predecessor.   Senator Obama voted for the new G.I. Bill. (And he wasn’t exactly going out on a political limb by favoring a law that enhanced benefits for military service members in the midst of two wars.) However, Obama did sign another bill in 2011 expanding benefits. The two laws together have helped more than 600,000 men and women returning from war find their way toward new careers, according to the VA. Obama deserves some credit for that achievement, but he's just one of many. We rate Michelle Obama's statement .
Statement: Says that Andrew Gillum said, "Police and prisons have no place in justice.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: October 30, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: criminal justice
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Gillum did sign the Dream Defenders elected officials pledge, but we could find no  of him saying "police and prisons have no place in justice." That’s a line from the Dream Defenders’ longer document, the Freedom Papers. The pledge Gillum signed focuses on divesting from prisons, guns and police and putting money into safety and education. Signees also agree not to take money from the NRA or a private prison group. The longer document, the Freedom Papers, expands on the Dream Defenders’ views with 20-pages of statements about a range of social and economic issues. The two-page elected officials pledge contains the line, "I pledge my support to the Freedom Papers." However, Gillum and the Dream Defenders maintain that they do not see eye-to-eye on several issues and that the Dream Defenders are "more left-leaning" than Gillum. We rate this . ​
Statement: Most climate scientists agree that we only have less than a decade to turn things around or else we'll be stuck with a 'worst case scenario' including rising sea levels, devastating droughts, and worsening famines.
Speaker: sean casten
About the speaker: Sean Casten is a Democrat serving as U.S. Representative for Illinois' 6th congressional district. This is his first term in office.
Date: August 18, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: climate change
Context: a campaign email
Fact-check justification: Casten said that "most climate scientists agree that we only have less than a decade to turn things around or else we’ll be stuck with a ‘worst case scenario’ including rising sea levels, devastating droughts, and worsening famines." A 2018 UN climate report determined a significant decrease in carbon emissions by 2030 is necessary in order to keep global temperatures from rising 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels in years to come, and to mitigate even more severe effects of a warming planet. Experts told us action taken to decrease emissions in the next decade will be critical. However, they said it’s an oversimplification to suggest we face a hard deadline of a decade to address climate change before crossing a threshold into climate disaster. We rate Casten’s  .   — The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.