chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Florida ranks first in the nation for access to free prekindergarten.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: March 16, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: children;education
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Scott said, "Florida ranks first in the nation for access to free prekindergarten." A national education group ranked Florida No. 1 in access for 4-year-olds during the 2011-12 school year, the most recent year available. However, the same report ranked Florida 35th in state spending per pupil. The report also concluded that the state only met three of 10 benchmarks, though it’s possible for education experts to quibble about the value of those benchmarks. Scott was careful with his wording because he only mentioned "access," but the rest of the report’s findings may provide a different picture of Florida’s VPK program. His statement is accurate but needs additional information, so we rate his statement .
Statement: It is against the law for the NSA to record or monitor Americans' phone calls without getting a specific FISA warrant to do so.
Speaker: lynn westmoreland
About the speaker: Rep. Lynn Westmoreland is a Republican from Georgia.
Date: June 20, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: terrorism;privacy issues
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: In order to do surveillance under Section 704, Deputy U.S. Attorney General James Cole said at the June hearing, it would require "identifying that person; identifying the probable cause to believe that that person is involved in either terrorism or foreign intelligence activities; and indicating that we have then the request to the court to allow us to intercept their communications because we've made the showing that they're involved in terrorist or foreign intelligence activities." Again, Westmoreland said it is illegal for intelligence officers to listen to the phone calls of Americans without a FISA warrant. Federal documents, congressional testimony and comments from the president support his . The rules are different if you’re not a U.S. citizen. Since Westmoreland specifically referenced U.S. citizens, we rate his  .
Statement: The Arizona gubernatorial race was a "fraudulent election.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 17, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Another piece of misinformation that took hold: that the county — the state’s most populous  — intentionally reduced polling places, suggesting a bigger disenfranchisement plot.   But Maricopa County had 48 more voting locations in the 2022 general election than it did in the 2020 general election.   Among other related claims we’ve debunked: that the social media followings of Lake and Hobbs suggest election fraud; that bags of ballots in Maricopa County are  of election fraud; that split election results show the race was rigged; that Hobbs was caught in a vote counting room; that there was no chain of custody for ballots at a polling site in Maricopa County; that the chain of custody was broken there; and that final, unofficial election results in Arizona were delayed because election officials there wanted "more time to cheat . "  No  has emerged of widespread voter fraud in Arizona, just as it didn’t in the 2020 election.   We rate claims that the Arizona gubernatorial race was fraudulent !
Statement: Parents and teachers are already worrying about what they call the 'Trump Effect.' They report that bullying and harassment are on the rise in our schools, especially targeting students of color, Muslims and immigrants.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: August 25, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration;education;islam
Context: Reno
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "Parents and teachers are already worrying about what they call the ‘Trump Effect.’ They report that bullying and harassment are on the rise in our schools, especially targeting students of color, Muslims, and immigrants." Teachers surveyed by the Southern Poverty Law Center study reported an increase in bullying and harassment, particularly involving anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim sentiments. Many of these teachers, unsolicited, cited Trump’s campaign rhetoric and the accompanying discourse as the likely reason for this behavior. The term Trump Effect is a product of the survey’s authors. And the survey is unscientific because it's based on anecdotal reports. But experts in bullying told us the Southern Poverty Law Center’s survey and their sense of current trends in schools supports Clinton’s point. We rate her  .
Statement: Jeff Flake's office leaks names of those charged in Mueller's Russian probe.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 30, 2017
Location: national
Topics: fake news
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: We will take care that the news we present will be all  and fast delivered so you can always know first. With love and respect to America your Morning Herald! Everybody should know the ." In reality, it’s a junk news website that should not be trusted. This  rates !
Statement: Says the 1956 Republican Party platform supported equal pay, the minimum wage, asylum for refugees, protections for unions and more.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 28, 2014
Location: national
Topics: immigration;poverty;social security;unions;women;workers
Context: a meme on social media
Fact-check justification: The meme says the 1956 Republican Party platform supported equal pay, the minimum wage, asylum for refugees, protections for unions and more. That’s generally correct. However, it’s worth noting that other elements of the 1956 platform were considered conservative for that era. Also, some of the issues have changed considerably between 1956 and 2012, such as the shift from focusing on post-war refugees to focusing on illegal immigration. The  is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: Because of my policies, Black Unemployment has just been reported to be at the LOWEST RATE EVER RECORDED!
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 28, 2018
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;race and ethnicity
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said that "because of my policies, Black Unemployment has just been reported to be at the LOWEST RATE EVER RECORDED!" While African-American unemployment rates are indeed at record lows, Trump’s ability to take credit is uncertain. The rate has fallen with ski-slope consistency since about 2010, six years before Trump took office. And economists have always been skeptical about the ability of presidents to take either credit or blame for conditions on their watch, since many other factors play into economic results. Trump has taken no specific actions aimed at lowering the unemployment rate for African-Americans. We rate the statement .
Statement: He's only there for one purpose and one purpose only, and that is to run a shadow government that is gonna totally upset the new agenda.
Speaker: mike kelly
About the speaker: Pennsylvania Congressman
Date: March 4, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: legal issues
Context: Northwestern PA
Fact-check justification: A spokesperson for Obama did not respond to a request for comment. Our Ruling Congressman Mike Kelly accused President Barack Obama of operating a shadow government, saying he was only staying in Washington, D.C. for that "one purpose and one purpose only." Yet there is no  Obama is running a shadow government, and Obama has provided another purpose for why he’s staying in Washington: so his daughter Sasha can finish high school. Kelly’s spokesperson later walked back the Congressman’s statement, saying "Rep. Kelly does not believe that President Obama is personally operating a shadow government."    We rule the  .
Statement: Late changes to the Arizona immigration law "lay to rest questions over the possibility of racial profiling.
Speaker: jan brewer
About the speaker: Jan Brewer, a Republican, is the former governor of Arizona.
Date: April 30, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;legal issues
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Brewer's office did not respond to a request for comment.    Ultimately, the late changes do bolster Brewer's contention that the law prohibits racial profiling. But our legal experts say that it is far from the done deal that she suggests. There are simply too many legal loose ends to be settled in court to be able to say that the late changes to the law will "lay to rest questions over the possibility of racial profiling," as Brewer put it. We rule Brewer's statement .
Statement: Over the past 25 years, job growth in right-to-work states has been twice as high as in non-right-to-work states. ... The facts are just so clear that this is going to lead to more jobs and higher pay for the people of Missouri.
Speaker: eric greitens
About the speaker: Eric Greitens, a combat veteran who served in Afghanistan and Iraq, founded The Mission Continues, a Missouri-based non-profit that helps returning veterans. He won his race for Missouri governor as a Republican in 2016. He resigned on May 29, 2018 after he was charged with felony computer tampering and faced allegations related to an extramarital affair.
Date: February 8, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: corrections and updates;jobs;workers
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Greitens used correct numbers but excluded important contextual information that might give someone a different impression of the figures. We rate this  . Correction:   This story was corrected on April 6, 2017, to accurately describe the methodology used in the Illinois Policy Institute’s analysis of job growth in right-to-work and non-right-to-work states. Job growth numbers for states were aggregated, not averaged.
Statement: Says Danny Tarkanian is "NRA 'F' Rated.
Speaker: michael roberson
About the speaker: Michael Roberson is a Republican state senator in Nevada and served as the senate majority leader during the 2015 legislative session. Roberson is running for Congress in Nevada's 3rd Congressional District.
Date: April 13, 2016
Location: nevada
Topics: guns
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: A series of Web ads  Tarkanian has an F rating from the NRA. Tarkanian did receive an F rating from the NRA in 2006, and he also received the blessing of the pro-gun control Brady Campaign. But NRA endorsements are intended to only last for one election cycle, and Tarkanian has planted himself well within conservative orthodoxy on gun issues at least since 2010. In 2012, the most recent grade available, he earned a C+. Roberson’s ad cherry-picked a decade-old rating and left out context about Tarkanian’s more recent comments in opposition to gun control. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Elizabeth Warren has a racist figurine in her kitchen.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 16, 2019
Topics: candidate biography;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "The object clearly does not match the inset, and you can see for yourself in the photos below that the object is actually a Grecian urn." We rate this  ! On Jan. 31, the New York City Republicans responded to PolitiFact's message about the post and said it had been pulled. "It was apparently posted by Tomi Lahren on Twitter," the group said in a Facebook message, "and one of the administrators of this page posted it. We removed it after we found out it was not !"
Statement: Congress just passed another huge, pork-filled spending bill. The Democrats allowed less than a day to read all 3,400 pages and stuffed it with nearly 10,000 earmarks costing about $10-billion dollars.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: January 12, 2008
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: Livonia, Mich
Fact-check justification: Not surprisingly, McCain fails to note that his own party turned the appropriations process into a veritable earmark mill during the GOP's 12 years in power. "There are a lot of self-proclaimed fiscally conservative Republicans who take earmarks," said Keith Ashdown, chief investigator for the watchdog group Taxpayers for Common Sense, adding that McCain has walked his talk by refraining from making requests for local projects. The gist of his charge is  about spending, but his numbers are off and it's  to suggest all the parochial spending is being done by Democrats. When we add it up, we get .
Statement: Says that "along the southern border of the U.S.," the government apprehends "seven individuals a day who are either known or suspected terrorists.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: February 17, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;homeland security;terrorism
Context: Dallas
Fact-check justification: Pence said in Dallas that "along the southern border of the U.S.," the government apprehends "seven individuals a day who are either known or suspected terrorists." We found no facts that back up this border-specific tally. Nationally in 2017, the federal government says, Homeland Security stopped 2,554 individuals on its terrorist watch list from entering the country, which breaks out to seven people a day. Most of those individuals tried to enter by air, the government says. We rate Pence’s  .  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: An appellate court found Kamala Harris and police "took part in framing and prosecuting a man" for a murder he didn't commit, paying a key witness $60,000 in relocation benefits for testifying against him.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 8, 2020
Topics: criminal justice;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An appellate court did not find that Harris and San Francisco police framed and prosecuted Trulove for a murder he didn’t commit. But after Trulove was acquitted in a second criminal trial, he prevailed in a civil suit filed against the city and county of San Francisco and city police for framing him for murder, according to court filings.  Harris didn’t prosecute the criminal case against Trulove, but she was district attorney at the time, and an appellate court concluded that he deserved a new trial because his lawyer didn’t take "any action in the face of highly prejudicial prosecutorial misconduct." According to court filings, the district attorney’s office also placed Lualemaga in witness protection but we don’t know exactly how much she received from the office to pay for her room and board.  The Facebook post accurately describes some elements of Trulove’s saga, but it gets other parts  and  Harris’ role in the case.  We rate this post .
Statement: Kay Bailey Hutchison was elected state treasurer, succeeding Ann Richards. Democrats then abolished the position ... Hutchison later became a U.S. senator.
Speaker: karl rove
About the speaker: Karl Rove is a former senior adviser and deputy chief of staff to President George W. Bush. He has worked as a commentator and political analyst for Fox News.
Date: March 9, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: elections
Context: his autobiography
Fact-check justification: How does Rove’s statement shape up? As noted, he's correct that Hutchison succeeded Richards as treasurer. But he's  about the order of subsequent events, and assigns an unsupported motive—that Democrats abolished the agency because a Republican had its top spot. Some Republicans backed the abolition, too, and it was Hutchison’s Democratic successor whose stint in the office came to a sign-scraping close. We rate Rove’s poor job of retelling history as .
Statement: Says as president he has "total" authority to re-open states amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 13, 2020
Topics: states;coronavirus
Context: a White House briefing
Fact-check justification: Trump said he has "total" authority to reopen the states amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Trump and the White House have not explained what parts of the Constitution or laws he is referring to that he thinks give him "total" authority over governors.  Governors have the power to set rules to protect their residents’ public health such as closing swimming pools and schools and requiring social distancing. Trump does not have the power to undo the governors’ orders. In this case, his exaggeration is so vast that it qualifies as . By our definition, that means his statement rates .
Statement: Says the Trump administration transferred $10 million from FEMA to ICE.
Speaker: jeff merkley
About the speaker: Jeff Merkley is a Democratic senator from Oregon. He was elected in 2008. Merkley won his first campaign for the Oregon Legislature as a representative in 1998. He was elected Democratic leader in 2003 and speaker of the House in 2007. He studied international relations at Stanford University and earned a graduate degree in public policy at Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
Date: September 11, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: an MSNBC interview
Fact-check justification: Merkley said the Trump administration transferred $10 million from FEMA to ICE. DHS, which oversees FEMA and ICE, did transfer nearly $10 million from FEMA to ICE. The immigration agency got the funds to pay for detention beds and for the transportation of immigrants ordered deported. A transfer document shows that some of the FEMA money had been marked for response and recovery, mitigation, preparedness and protection. Officials argued that the money didn’t come from the disaster relief fund, but Merkley didn’t say it did, he only said it came from FEMA. We rate Merkley’s  .
Statement: Fairfax County is not requiring the last four digits of Social Security Numbers on absentee ballots in this election.
Speaker: the gateway pundit
About the speaker: The Gateway Pundit is a conservative website.
Date: October 30, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: elections
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: The article said that "Fairfax County is not requiring the last four digits of Social Security Numbers on absentee ballots in this election." The article garbled the nature of a lawsuit against Fairfax County’s elections office. Under state law, absentee ballots do not require Social Security numbers when they are cast. Instead, the lawsuit challenged voter applications to secure an absentee ballot, rather than the ballots themselves. Fairfax County acknowledges approving some absentee ballot requests that did not include partial Social Security numbers, as long as the applicant’s identity could be confirmed through other information. The county argues that this is within its discretion under the law, while the plaintiffs who filed the suit say the county can’t go around the Social Security number requirement in the law. A county court dismissed the case on procedural grounds before deciding whether the plaintiffs or the defendants had the law on their side. This  contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says Milwaukee County spent over $170,000 in salaries in 2010 for employees to "participate in union activities such as collective bargaining.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: February 22, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: county government;state budget;unions
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: That means it would be up to the government to decide whether to continue to pay some employees for doing union work, said Walker spokesman  Cullen Werwie. Let’s wrap up. Gov. Walker said Milwaukee County spent more than $170,000 in 2010 on salaries for employees doing union activities. The actual tally, according to the county -- for three union presidents who did union work full-time and other employees who did occasional union work -- was $180,385. We rate Walker’s statement .