chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: A "fairly limited number of people, 25 million to 30 million," will be allowed to access a national health insurance exchange.
Speaker: claire mccaskill
About the speaker: Claire McCaskill is a Democrat and a U.S. Senator from Missouri.
Date: October 25, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on "This Week with George Stephanopolous."
Fact-check justification: By and large, most of this country is going to continue to get their health insurance through their employer." The Congressional Budget Office analyzed the Senate bill and pegged it at 23 million to 27 million by 2019, slightly less than the 30 million the CBO estimated under the House bill. Roughly speaking, that's less than 10 percent of the U.S. population. McCaskill is off by just a little bit on the Senate version and on the money for the House bill. So we rate her statement .
Statement: North Korea "has over two-dozen nuclear warheads.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: October 30, 2015
Location: iowa
Topics: corrections and updates;foreign policy;nuclear
Context: Sioux City, Iowa
Fact-check justification: Rubio claimed that North Korea "has over two-dozen nuclear warheads." That overstates North Korea’s estimated nuclear arsenal by about 50 percent, but isn’t egregious given the relatively small numbers involved. (The U.S., by contrast, has more than 7,000 nukes.)  We rate Rubio’s  .
Statement: Says Wisconsin women facing pay discrimination can't "do something about it" under bill passed by Republicans.
Speaker: kathleen falk
About the speaker: Kathleen Falk, a Wisconsin Democrat, lost a bid in 2012 for the Democratic nomination to run against Gov. Scott Walker in a recall election. Falk served as the Dane County executive from 1997 to 2011. She ran unsuccessfully for governor in 2002 and for state attorney general in 2006.
Date: March 24, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: civil rights;legal issues;women;workers
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: But eliminating the state lawsuit option wouldn't affect the three other avenues of legal recourse available to workplace discrimination victims. And Falk’s  was women facing pay discrimination would have no options at all. Our rating Falk said women facing pay discrimination can't "do something about it" under a bill passed by Wisconsin Republicans. But of the four legal options available under the current law, only one would be eliminated by the bill. We rate Falk's statement .
Statement: As a result of climate change, ice fishermen in Wisconsin "are already noticing fewer days they can be out on our ice covered lakes.
Speaker: mark pocan
About the speaker: Mark Pocan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2nd Congressional District on Nov. 6, 2012. He is from Madison and previously served as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin state Assembly. 
Date: January 16, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment;climate change
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Not what is going to happen this year. Our rating It’s been a longer and colder winter than in recent years. But that doesn’t erase a trend that’s been well-established. The number of days that the lakes have ice on them -- making them safe for ice fishing -- has declined. We rate Pocan’s statement .
Statement: I've taken on the federal government and won.
Speaker: jeff kottkamp
About the speaker: Jeff Kottkamp is a former Florida lieutenant governor. He campaigned to be Florida Attorney General and was defeated in the Republican primary on Aug. 24, 2010.
Date: July 31, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: The case returned to district court and quickly was dismissed, giving Kottkamp the victory he claims over the feds. Kottkamp said during a televised debate that he has taken on the federal government as a lawyer and won. In the 1990s, Kottkamp represented an accountant who was sued by the U.S. Department of Labor for allegedly violating the Fair Labor Standards Act. Kottkamp successfully argued that the man fired two employees legally. For that, we rate his  .
Statement: The new health care law "will cut $500 billion from Medicare. That will hurt the quality of our care.
Speaker: 60 plus association
About the speaker: The 60 Plus Association is a conservative advocacy group for senior citizens, with a "free enterprise, less government, less taxes" approach. 
Date: September 8, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicare;message machine 2010
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The ad also says those cuts will "hurt the quality" of seniors' care. But we find that to be a highly contentious subject, and the 60 Plus ad doesn't hint at any of the ways that the reductions are ways to make Medicare more efficient. Finally, the ad doesn't mention any of the benefits to seniors, such as improved prescription drug coverage. The ad seems more intent on attacking the health care law than accurately describing this complicated piece of legislation. Because it leaves critical facts out of its description in a way that gives a  impression, we rate the statement .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney said "we are going to have to live with high gas prices, it's a good thing because it will reduce consumption, we don't want to produce any more gasoline.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: March 25, 2012
Location: national
Topics: gas prices
Context: Wisconsin
Fact-check justification: Santorum said: "Who said, when he was governor of Massachusetts, we are going to have to live with high gas prices, it's a good thing because it will reduce consumption, we don't want to produce any more gasoline? That would be Mitt Romney." In 2006, during another fuel price spike, Romney said he believed high prices were "here to stay," and he struck a practical tone, suggesting that should lead to greater conservation and efficiency. He said there may never be a right time to push for more gas use. Those are points fairly summed up in Santorum’s remarks. But Romney didn't make a value judgment that high gas prices a "good thing." And he completely misrepresented Romney’s position when he said the former Massachusetts governor opposed increasing production. In the situation in 2006, Romney simply didn’t address that topic. On balance, we rate Santorum’s  .
Statement: Every single Senate Democrat voted against hiring more border agents. They voted against deporting felons. And they voted against ending catch and release.
Speaker: citizens for sanity
About the speaker: Citizens for Sanity is a conservative nonprofit whose leaders are associated with the America First Legal Foundation, which was founded by former Trump administration official Stephen Miller.
Date: October 7, 2022
Location: national
Topics: immigration;border security;elections;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: However, focusing only on those votes doesn’t provide a full picture of the senators’ record. In March, all the Senate’s Democrats voted to support an omnibus spending bill that included funding to hire more Border Patrol agents and to detain and deport immigrants convicted of certain crimes.   Also, Democrats’ vote against providing funding to keep an immigration-related public health policy in place did not invalidate border authorities’ ability to use immigration law to release immigrants into the U.S. while they await court proceedings. The ad contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: They are literally chopping off the private parts of young kids.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: August 4, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: health care;sexuality;health check
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: DeSantis said, "They are literally chopping off the private parts of young kids." DeSantis' office provided two examples of teenagers who received transition-related surgeries. The Florida Department of Health would define both cases as involving adolescents, and experts say the procedures are rare for minors and aren't typically recommended. There are no examples we could find, or the governor's office provided, of transition-related surgeries for people under the age of 14.  Medical transitioning is not recommended for prepubescent children, as DeSantis suggested. We rate his  .
Statement: When we held recent economic dialogues with China, we agreed on over 100 different things  —  including wildlife trafficking and volcano research. None of these 100-plus points of agreement addressed cybersecurity.
Speaker: carly fiorina
About the speaker: Carly Fiorina is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. She is the former chairman and chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). She was defeated in her attempt as the Republican nominee to unseat Sen. Barbara Boxer in 2010.
Date: December 17, 2015
Location: national
Topics: china;criminal justice;infrastructure;crime;foreign policy
Context: a column posted on Medium
Fact-check justification: Fiorina said, "When we held recent economic dialogues with China, we agreed on over 100 different things — including wildlife trafficking and volcano research. None of these 100-plus points of agreement addressed cybersecurity." One document listing agreements struck during a June 2015 U.S.-China summit supports Fiorina’s point, but citing that one document is a case of extreme cherry-picking. Three months later -- and three months before Fiorina published her article -- the United States and China struck a significant cybersecurity agreement, and since then, the countries have taken steps to implement the agreement and forge cybersecurity agreements with other nations. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate the  .
Statement: Students in Wilkes County, North Carolina, "identify themselves as cats or 'furries'" and "have asked for litter boxes to be placed in school restrooms for them to use.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 17, 2022
Location: north carolina
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) Morgan Mathis, a spokesperson for Wilkes County Schools in North Carolina, told PolitiFact that the school system "is not aware of any of the requests mentioned in this post such as items in restrooms. "  If credible  emerges that there’s any validity to this , we’ll reconsider our ruling. But it appears to be part of a pattern of fabricated,  claims. !
Statement: In the history of the United States, 168 presidential nominees have been filibustered, 82 blocked under President Obama, 86 blocked under all the other presidents.
Speaker: harry reid
About the speaker: Harry Reid is a former U.S. senator from Nevada. He served as the Democratic minority leader in the U.S. Senate immediately prior to leaving office.
Date: November 21, 2013
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: a graphic
Fact-check justification: Reid’s graphic said that "in the history of the United States, 168 presidential nominees have been filibustered, 82 blocked under President Obama, 86 blocked under all the other presidents." The figures are solidly sourced to the Congressional Research Service, but the graphic’s wording was  -- an error that Reid’s office acknowledged after we contacted them, and for which they released a corrected version of the graphic. Meanwhile, the question of how many pre-Obama presidents should be included is a bit murkier. The CRS report doesn’t incorporate data prior to 1949, but there’s  that blocked nominations were rare to nonexistent before that. Since the revised numbers actually increase the accuracy of Reid's underlying point -- that blockages under Obama have accounted for a disproportionate share of those undertaken in United States history -- we rate the  .
Statement: Biden drained America's Strategic Petroleum Reserves to the lowest level since 1984.
Speaker: morgan luttrell
About the speaker: Morgan Luttrell was elected in 2022 to serve Texas' 8th Congressional District. The district includes San Jacincto and Polk counties, as well as parts of Motgomery, Walker, and Harris counties.
Date: January 10, 2023
Location: texas
Topics: energy
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Luttrell said, "Biden drained America's Strategic Petroleum Reserves to the lowest level since 1984." Available federal data supports his . We rated this . Correction: This article was changed to accurately include the IEA 's name, International Energy Agency. This change does not affect the ruling.
Statement: One Texas city "has a law that says that women can only have six dildos.
Speaker: alcee hastings
About the speaker: Alcee L. Hastings is a Congressman for Florida's District 20, which includes parts of Broward and Palm Beach counties. Hastings, a former federal judge, was first elected in 1992.
Date: February 5, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: sexuality;states;supreme court
Context: an interview with CNN
Fact-check justification: Hastings said that one Texas city "has a law that says that women can only have six dildos." There's a law, now invalid, along those lines — though it was intended to prevent the sale of such devices, not the ownership of them. In addition, it was a statewide law, not a city law, and more importantly, it was struck down by a federal appeals court more than six years ago. Hastings’ office did not provide supporting  for an existing city law that sets a dildo limit. There’s some obscurity because the law is still on the books. But experts told us that, as a practical matter, the law has no teeth, and stores today in Texas can, and do, sell more than six dildos. We’ll reconsider our ruling if additional information comes to light, but for now, we rate it .
Statement: Says science shows the physiological effects of wearing masks include hypoxemia, hypercapnia, shortness of breath, toxicity and increased muscle tension.
Speaker: diamond and silk
About the speaker: Diamond and Silk (real names Lynnette Hardaway and Rochelle Richardson) are Pro-Donald Trump activists.
Date: April 12, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A widely shared Facebook post that links to a medical journal article says to "follow the science" of a list of physiological effects said to be caused by wearing masks. The article was written by an exercise physiologist and was published by Medical Hypotheses, a journal that says its purpose is to publish "interesting theoretical papers."  There is not  to back the article’s list of claimed effects from mask wearing.  We rate the post .
Statement: The EPA has tried to define a puddle or a drainage ditch on your farm to be navigable waters and thus subject to massive environmental regulations.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: March 30, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: environment;agriculture;regulation;water
Context: Milwaukee
Fact-check justification: Cruz said, "The EPA has tried to define a puddle or a drainage ditch on your farm to be navigable waters and thus subject to massive environmental regulations." The EPA’s water rule specifically excludes puddles. It only applies to ditches that are constructed out of streams or ditches that function like streams and could carry pollution to downstream waters. Cruz omits that the water rule was put on hold by the courts in 2015 pending litigation. We rate this  .
Statement: In K-12 education, our kids are scoring at the bottom of science and mathematics right now in the industrialized world -- at the bottom.
Speaker: dave brat
About the speaker: Dave Brat represents Virginia's 7th Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives. He was first elected to the seat in 2014 after pulling of a stunning upset of Majority Leader Eric Cantor in a Republican Primary. He is active in the Freedom Caucus, a conservative wing of Republican congressmen.
Prior to Congress, Brat was chairman of the business and economics department at Randolph-Macon College. 
Brat, a midwestern native, has obtained a Masters in Divinity from Princeton Theological Seminary and a Ph.D. in economics from American University. He began teaching at Randolph-Macon in 1996.
Brat served two Governors on the Joint Advisory Board of Economists. He was president of the Virginia Association of Economists.
Date: October 28, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: education
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Brat said U.S. students rank "at the bottom" in math and science scores among industrialized nations. U.S. students have not fallen quite to the very bottom of the stack. The latest testing shows U.S. students rank near the middle of the pack among industrialized nations for science scores and in the bottom tier for math scores. The performance is nothing to celebrate, but Brat is  when he says twice in his statement that U.S. students rank "at the bottom" of developed nations in math and science scores. We rate his  .
Statement: North Carolina ranks last in the country in K-12 funding.
Speaker: north carolina state house democratic caucus
About the speaker: Democratic Caucus of the North Carolina state House of Representatives.
Date: February 8, 2023
Location: north carolina
Topics: education
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The North Carolina House Democrats’ Twitter account said the state "ranks last in the country in K-12 funding." The party said this  is based on a study of 2019-20 education budgets from across the nation. But the tweet omits key context: that it’s referring to what one organization calculated to be North Carolina’s "funding effort" — its public pre-K to 12th grade funding as a percentage of the state’s GDP — not its funding level. The same organization ranked North Carolina 19th for how well it distributed funding to schools with high student poverty and 48th for its overall per-pupil spending. Other measures, including the National Education Association, the Urban Institute and EducationData.org have ranked North Carolina low on its per-pupil funding, but not dead last.  The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That’s our definition of .
Statement: The benefits that were offered to me as a congressman don't even compare to the benefits that you get as a state employee. I just experienced that myself. They're not nearly as good.
Speaker: sean duffy
About the speaker: Sean Duffy is a Republican member of the U.S. House, representing Wisconsin's 7th District in the northwestern part of the state. The former Ashland County district attorney was elected In November 2010, taking the seat previously held by Democratic U.S. Rep. Dave Obey of Wausau.
Date: February 23, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;federal budget;health care;state budget
Context: a discussion at a town hall meeting
Fact-check justification: Duffy apparently selected one of the higher-priced health plans, but won’t say which one, so we can’t do an exact comparison. But looking at the plans offered, we found potentially much higher health insurance costs for federal workers, depending on which plan and what level of coverage an employee wants. But we found a far less significant gap -- and some federal advantages -- on retirement benefits. So, Duffy’s statement is generally accurate but leaves out important details. That puts his statement at .
Statement: We are seeing kids who are healthier.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: October 27, 2016
Location: national
Topics: children;public health
Context: North Carolina
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that "we are seeing kids who are healthier." She said that in the context of First Lady Obama’s work on nutrition and exercise, and her campaign staff drew our attention to obesity trends. The latest numbers show less obesity for kids 11 and under, but a continued rise for young teens 12 to 17. As for diet, the government’s index for healthy eating has gone up. On the flip side, several measures such as depression, asthma and curtailed activity are moving in the  direction. At best, in the areas that lie at the heart of the first lady’s work, the picture is mixed. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/55453902-1bd4-4428-97c6-bdeee941a1ba
Statement: We don't have a (military) reserve force if something happens.
Speaker: joe theismann
About the speaker: Joe Theismann played in the NFL for 12 years, winning a Super Bowl for the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XVII. In 1983, he won the NFL's MVP award for bringing the team to another Super Bowl. The Notre Dame alumnus's pro football career ended when he broke his leg in a 1985 game.
He has worked for ESPN and the NFL Network in recent years, with occasional appearances on Fox News.
Date: July 9, 2015
Topics: immigration;military;punditfact
Context: a discussion on "Outnumbered"
Fact-check justification: Warning of a shorthanded military amid a border crisis, Theismann said, "We don’t have a reserve force if something happens." Theismann later admitted he didn’t choose his words very carefully. Automatic federal cuts as part of sequestration are shrinking the military. Leaders have warned that cuts could reduce the Army’s ability to respond to crises. But the Army Reserve, which Theismann says he was talking about, very much remains in existence. The Reserve would be available, along with the National Guard, to assist the border patrol or active military in emergencies. We rate his  .