chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: California gubernatorial candidate Steve Poizner, a Republican, "gave $10,000 to Al Gore's recount" effort in 2000.
Speaker: meg whitman
About the speaker: Meg Whitman is the former CEO of eBay and the 2010 Republican gubernatorial nominee in California. Largely self-financing her campaign, Whitman lost the general election to then-Attorney General Jerry Brown.
Date: May 14, 2010
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;candidate biography;elections;message machine 2010
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: Ultimately, there is no way to prove with any certainty whether Steve Poizner was simply writing a check for his wife, as he suggests. Experts tell us it could have happened that way. But under the law, the fact that he signed the check officially makes the donation his, and the listing of his employer, rather than his wife's, on the disclosure form provides additional  that he was the intended donor. So while the case isn't conclusive, its strongly suggestive. We rate the Whitman campaign's  .
Statement: Says Joe Biden had an iPad at his podium during the debate.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 22, 2020
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Then around the 1:58:00 mark, Biden can be seen grabbing what looks like pieces of paper and a pen and leaving the stage with his wife, Jill Biden. Contrary to what the narrator in the Facebook video says, around the 1:58:08 mark, someone approaches Trump’s podium and removes a notepad with a brown, cardboard back. Another person then approaches the vice president’s podium and removes an identical notepad.   There is nothing in the video to suggest that either person picked up an iPad. We rate this  .
Statement: Says President Joe Biden "recently said that 48.8% of Wisconsin voters are threats to democracy.
Speaker: republican governors association
About the speaker: the gubernatorial campaign arm of the Republican Party.
Date: September 5, 2022
Location: national
Topics: elections;wisconsin
Context: Email
Fact-check justification: The Republican Governors Association claimed that Biden "recently said that 48.8% of Wisconsin voters are threats to democracy."  But the president clearly separated Republicans who embrace Trump’s far-right, election-denial positions from mainstream Republicans, who still may have cast a vote for Trump in 2020. And in Wisconsin, recent polling shows that there is not uniform support for Trump or his views, even among Republicans.  That would mean Biden’s "MAGA Republicans" comment wouldn’t refer to every Wisconsinite who voted Republican in the last election.  We rate this  .
Statement: The fiscal cliff agreement was "the largest tax increase in history.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: March 3, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;health care;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: William McBride of the business-backed Tax Foundation said that in "nominal dollar terms," the fiscal cliff tax hike is the largest in history, but "certainly not as a share of GDP." Our rating Ryan said the fiscal cliff agreement is "the largest tax increase in history." For this type of statement, raw dollars is a virtually meaningless measure, given that it doesn’t truly compare the size of tax increases over time. And as a share of the economy, the fiscal cliff tax increase is clearly not the largest tax increase in history. We rate Ryan’s statement .
Statement: Unemployment numbers "are artificial numbers. These are numbers that are massaged to make the existing economy look good, to make this administration look good when, in fact, it's a total disaster.
Speaker: donald trump jr.
About the speaker: Donald Trump Jr. is the son of President Donald Trump and his former wife Ivana Trump.
Date: July 24, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;elections;history;jobs;labor;workers
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Trump Jr. said that unemployment numbers "are artificial numbers. These are numbers that are massaged to make the existing economy look good, to make this administration look good when, in fact, it's a total disaster." The economists with whom we spoke said Trump is  to question the integrity of the federal unemployment data. The method of developing the estimates have been used for decades, their limitations are widely recognized, other economic indicators have confirmed their reliability, and there's no  that they have been massaged for political purposes. Because his  is in the realm of the , we rate it ! https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/5ff3b1f3-79ac-4f4e-bce9-8a10cc1ddcfa
Statement: We spend almost twice as much per capita on health care as do the people of any other country.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: August 16, 2015
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that "we spend almost twice as much per capita on health care as do the people of any other country." The United States spends more on health care per capita than other countries, but not always twice as much. Sanders’ comment suggests the United States outpaces all other countries more than it actually does. European countries with extensive social service networks aren’t so far behind the United States.  We rate his statement .
Statement: Arizona Secretary of State Katie Hobbs "sent 6,000 wrong ballots to Republicans.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 23, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: That’s . 1,000 voters in Arizona mistakenly received mail-in ballots that included only federal candidates, not state and local candidates.   County officials sent the ballots, not Hobbs’ office. And about 20% of voters who received the federal-only ballots were Republicans. We rate this  .
Statement: We've lost 26 million jobs … since (Obama's) been president.
Speaker: reince priebus
About the speaker: Reince Priebus was the first chief of staff to President Donald Trump, replaced by John Kelly in July 2017. Priebus was previously chairman of the Republican National Committee, a post he assumed in 2011. He is also the former chairman of the Republican Party of Wisconsin. He was an unsuccessful Wisconsin state Senate candidate in 2004. He is a Kenosha, Wis., native and lawyer.
Date: April 5, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;history;jobs
Context: an interview on NBC's "Today" show
Fact-check justification: Just for a sense of scale, if it were a net number, losing 26 million jobs, as Priebus indicated, would mean losing about 20 percent of the nation’s jobs -- something on the scale of the Great Depression. We e-mailed the Republican National Committee’s press office for an explanation, but they did not reply by the time we posted this story. Perhaps Priebus simply misspoke, or perhaps he misplaced a decimal point and ended up  by a factor of 10. Whatever the reason, the 26 million figure he cited on the Today show was  . We rate it .
Statement: Photo shows Queen Elizabeth II meeting Donald Trump wearing a brooch given to her by Barack Obama.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 8, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The queen did wear a brooch gifted to her by former President Barack Obama and Michelle Obama when the Trumps were in the United Kingdom, but she wasn’t wearing it when she met the Trumps. And she wasn’t wearing it in the picture being shared online. The Trumps arrived on July 12, when Elizabeth "was otherwise engaged," the Telegraph said at the time. Her audience that day included the archbishop of Canterbury, and she was photographed wearing the small flower brooch that the Obamas found at a Washington antiques shop in 2011.   We rate claims that the photo of Elizabeth with the Trumps shows her wearing a brooch given to her by the Obamas .
Statement: Joe Biden was holding a medical device in a photo he tweeted during the 2022 Winter Olympics.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 21, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Biden wore a black mask, which he held onto throughout the conference. The  that Biden was holding a medical alert device masks the . ! RELATED ARTICLE:  ‘Cheap fakes’: Viral videos keep clipping Biden’s words out of context RELATED VIDEO
Statement: The Simpsons" predicted Queen Elizabeth II's 2022 death.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 15, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: According to a Wiki page dedicated to "The Simpsons," Elizabeth has appeared in six episodes, none of which mention her death. We found no  elsewhere that she died on the show.   This cartoon illustration of the queen in a casket appears to be an alteration of another Simpsonslike cartoon image of former President Donald Trump in a casket. As we noted in a prior fact-check, that image never appeared in "The Simpsons" either.   As we did with the faux-Trump image, we rate the  that the Simpsons predicted Elizabeth’s death !
Statement: Hemp has 25,000-35,000 known usages. That means it is going to be something that will replace plastics, and styrofoam and concrete.
Speaker: nikki fried
About the speaker: Nikki Fried is the chair of the Florida Democratic Party and Won't Back Down political action committee. Fried lost the Democratic primary for Florida governor in 2022. Previously, she served as the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Commissioner. Before that, she worked as a lawyer and marijuana lobbyist and as the head of the felony division of the Alachua County public defender. 
Date: October 12, 2019
Location: florida
Topics: marijuana
Context: a speech to the Florida Democratic Party
Fact-check justification: Fried said, "Hemp has 25,000-35,000 known usages. That means it is going to be something that is going to replace plastics, and styrofoam and concrete."  The number comes from a Popular Mechanics article in 1938 about the number of potential products that creates an overly optimistic picture of the number of uses. Just because a use exists does not mean that it is commonly available. Most hemp grown now is for CBD. Fried said that hemp products will "replace" such common materials as plastics and concrete, but we found no  that hemp has the physical properties to truly replace these materials. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this statement .
Statement: The amount of money that we put into running our own state legislature is nearly as much as we put into the University of Rhode Island.
Speaker: dawson hodgson
About the speaker: Dawson Hodgson was a state senator from North Kingstown, R.I., representing District 35 in East Greenwich, South Kingstown and Narragansett. A lawyer and businessman, he was first elected to the Senate in November 2010. In 2014, he made an unsuccessful run for attorney general as a Republican.
Date: January 3, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;education;state budget
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Dawson Hodgson said, "The amount of money that we put into running our own state legislature is nearly as much as we put into the University of Rhode Island." In fact, the state contributes $58 million to URI, roughly $20 million more than the legislature’s budget. That’s not "nearly as much." Whether Hodgson’s point about budget priorities is valid or not, he got the numbers . We rate the    .
Statement: Latin America's economy is almost as big as the economy of China.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: October 22, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;foreign policy
Context: Boca Raton, Fla
Fact-check justification: Romney said that "Latin America’s economy is almost as big as the economy of China." It's a stretch to characterize an economy that's about one-third bigger as "almost as big," especially since China’s lead over Latin America is actually increasing. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Says President Obama said of the national debt, "If I don't have this done in three years, then there's going to be a one-term proposition.
Speaker: americans for prosperity
About the speaker: Americans for Prosperity is a conservative group advocates for limited government, free markets and fiscal and regulatory restraint.
Date: August 14, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: deficit;message machine 2012
Context: an Americans for Prosperity attack ad
Fact-check justification: Obama wasn’t talking about the deficit or the debt when he said, "If I don't have this done in three years, then there's going to be a one-term proposition." In this instance, the piling on is unnecessary to make the group’s point, and it’s intentionally . The ad takes Obama’s comments from an interview about bank bailouts and TARP and makes it look as if he’s talking about the national debt. The use of the debt clock also purposely detracts from the president’s initial statement about the federal deficit. We rate this  .
Statement: The coronavirus "was constructed in the Wuhan Institute of Virology.
Speaker: scott perry
About the speaker: Republican Scott Perry was elected as the U.S. representative of Pennsylvania's 4th Congressional District (York, Adams and Cumberland counties) in 2013. He earned re-election in 2018, and due to redistricting, now serves the 10th Congressional District (Dauphin, Cumberland and York counties).
Date: October 17, 2020
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: china;corrections and updates;coronavirus
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Perry said the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 was "constructed" in a Wuhan, China, lab. There’s no  to support this. Scientists who’ve studied the virus’s genetic makeup say that it is a naturally occuring virus. We rate Perry’s statement . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: We were the No. 1 job creator in America in February and we are now the No. 4 job creator in the last year.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: April 2, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an interview with Fox News
Fact-check justification: Yes. Are we responsible for it? From our perspective out here, we have just taken on a lot of tough problems and created a better environment." That part could be classified as political rhetoric, and we’re not rating it. But Kasich’s statement  about job creation rates is .
Statement: Atlanta now has as many visitors as Las Vegas, San Diego and Los Angeles. Orlando, Fla., and New York City still have more visitors.
Speaker: kasim reed
About the speaker: Kasim Reed is Mayor of Atlanta.
Date: August 7, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: tourism
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Other firms say Reed’s  appears correct. But there is really no concrete way to tell. The mayor’s statement needs that bit of detail to clarify his . We rated the statement . Staff writer Eric Stirgus contributed to this article.
Statement: The NSA and FBI tell Congress that Russia did not influence electoral process.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 20, 2017
Location: national
Topics: elections;homeland security
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "The NSA and FBI tell Congress that Russia did not influence electoral process." Rogers and Comey never said this — not in the video clip Trump shared, nor at any point in the five-hour hearing. Rather, they said they believe Russia interfered in the presidential election, in an attempt to help Trump and undermine the democratic process. They said they don’t know one way or the other if that interference actually did affect public opinion or the outcome of the election. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Not one dime gets added to the deficit because of Social Security.
Speaker: mark pocan
About the speaker: Mark Pocan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2nd Congressional District on Nov. 6, 2012. He is from Madison and previously served as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin state Assembly. 
Date: April 16, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: deficit;disability;retirement;social security
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Two days after Pocan made his statement, Baldwin said on C-SPAN : "Social Security has not contributed one penny to our current deficit or debt." But unlike Pocan, she noted the government has used "other taxpayer funds" when payroll taxes weren’t enough to pay Social Security benefits. In 2011, 2012 and 2013, our colleagues at PolitiFact Texas , Georgia and New Hampshire examined claims similar to Pocan’s. Each reached the same rating: . And that’s what we rate Pocan’s statement.
Statement: Says when she "helped get $15 billion more for veterans care, Kucinich voted No.
Speaker: marcy kaptur
About the speaker: Marcy Kaptur represents Ohio's Ninth Congressional District in the House of Representatives. She was first elected to the House in 1982. She is the senior-most woman in the 111th Congress.
 
Date: February 15, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: federal budget;message machine 2012;veterans;voting record
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: Kucinich takes credit for championing a program that he ultimately voted against. His work for the program gives a different impression than his vote. His positions help explain his votes, both on HR 2055 last December and on HR 3288, the prior spending measure cited in the ad. Those are important pieces of information needed to evaluate the . On the -O-Meter, it rates .
Statement: Close to hundreds" of people died at Astroworld.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 8, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We’ve checked a few other  posts related to Astroworld, including that Live Nation packed 50,000 people into a venue that only had capacity for 20,000 and that the tragedy was related to COVID-19 vaccines . Both claims were , and so is this one.    Hundreds were injured, but there’s nothing to support the  that "close to hundreds" of people died. The New York Times published profiles of the 10 people whose deaths were confirmed in connection with the festival.   We rate this  .
Statement: Says Texas ranks last in the percentage of residents with high school diplomas.
Speaker: sacramento bee editorial board
About the speaker: The editorial board of The Sacramento Bee says it composes editorials that are its collective opinion. It meets regularly to discuss community concerns and issues of the day, it says.
Date: February 6, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: education;pundits
Context: an editorial
Fact-check justification: The Bee ’s editorial board said Texas ranks last in its share of residents with high school diplomas. That’s right, though Texas lately has company. In 2011, the Lone Star state tied for last with Mississippi and California. In each state,  81.1 percent of adults 25 and older had completed high school or the equivalent, the government says. We rate this  as .
Statement: Says Gov. Tony Evers gave $2.4 million in COVID relief money to Planned Parenthood affiliates throughout Wisconsin "to bail them out and fund abortions.
Speaker: rebecca kleefisch
About the speaker: Rebecca Kleefisch was the lieutenant governor of Wisconsin from 2011-19 under Gov. Scott Walker. She previously worked as a TV anchor and reporter, most recently with WISN-TV in Milwaukee. Kleefisch was defeated August 9, 2022 in her Republican primary bid for Republican nomination for governor.
 
Date: March 9, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;public health;coronavirus
Context: Campaign email
Fact-check justification: Kleefisch claimed Evers gave Planned Parenthood affiliates in Wisconsin $2.4 million in federal COVID relief money "to bail them out and fund abortions."  Evers did give them grants funds, but they’re not being used to pay for abortions.  Our definition of  is a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.  That fits here.