chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: 91% of suspected terrorists who attempted to buy guns in America walked away with the weapon they wanted.
Speaker: patrick murphy
About the speaker: Patrick Murphy won his first seat in 2012 for the U.S. House of Representatives representing District 18 in Florida. Murphy lost a U.S. Senate race against Marco Rubio in 2016. 
Date: December 8, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: homeland security;guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Murphy said, "91 percent of suspected terrorists who attempted to buy guns in America walked away with the weapon they wanted." His figure comes from a GAO report that showed a bit more than 91 percent of gun store weapons applications by people on the FBI’s terrorist watch list were approved. There are some caveats to the watch list, including past issues with who is included and why. The report also didn’t distinguish how many individuals are making these applications, or how many people on the watch list potentially buy firearms at gun shows. But experts have told us the report is both plausible and not altogether unsurprising, given how many guns Americans purchase. We rate Murphy’s statement .
Statement: Two-thirds of our economy is a consumer economy.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 24, 2008
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Boca Raton, Fla
Fact-check justification: Consumption includes pretty much everything we spend our money on. The major components of consumption include things like food, apparel and services, transportation, health care and entertainment. The latest data available from the third quarter of 2007 show that personal consumption expenditures in the United States made up 70 percent of the gross domestic product, with a split of 7.7 percent for durable goods, 20.4 percent for nondurable goods, and 41.9 percent for services. Turns out Romney is on the money. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says he didn't support the lawsuit to repeal the Affordable Care Act.
Speaker: mike braun
About the speaker: Mike Braun is a Republican running in the Indiana GOP primary for U.S. Senate. Having built his career in business, Braun served on the Jasper School Board and in the state House of Representatives.
Date: October 30, 2018
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Braun said, "As a Republican, you get swept into the fact that you would support that lawsuit. That is not the case." Braun only seems to have made one comment with regard to the lawsuit to repeal the ACA, in which he said he supported it, but stressed his commitment to maintain protections for pre-existing conditions through other means. Those other means, though, are unspecified vague, so it’s hard to give him much credit. We rate his statement .
Statement: We have invested record funding in protecting our environment.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: March 4, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: environment
Context: his State of the State speech
Fact-check justification: During his State of the State speech Scott said, "We have invested record funding in protecting our environment." After the speech, a Scott spokesman said he was referring to money directed toward springs restoration. Scott’s statement during the speech likely left  listeners with the impression that his investment in the environment in general is a record, and that would be . Sorting out the total investment in environmental protection under Scott compared to predecessors is complicated because funding comes from state and federal sources and multiple state programs relate to the environment. However, under one way to compare funding - - the total for the Department of Environmental Protection -- Scott falls far short of Bush’s record. And Scott doesn’t beat Crist’s record, either. Scott tried to take his spending recommendation for one particular environmental project -- springs restoration -- and portray that as an overall record, and that’s not the case. We rate this  .
Statement: ADHD does not exist.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 31, 2017
Topics: health care;race and ethnicity;public health;facebook fact-checks;health check
Context: a video interview
Fact-check justification: The  that "ADHD does not exist" is not accurate. Johnson’s underlying argument about the justification for medication and disproportionate diagnoses of ADHD in Black children do not give his takeaway more credibility, either. Research shows and psychiatrists told PolitiFact that ADHD is a real mental disorder with a recorded history that dates back to 1798. While misdiagnoses do occur, research shows that Black children are often underdiagnosed compared to white children with similar behavior patterns. We rate Johnson's  .
Statement: The same unhinged leftists cheering last week's shooting are all backing Jon Ossoff.
Speaker: principled pac
About the speaker: The Principled PAC, also known as the Principled Leadership Project, recruits and endorses conservative candidates "who will lead the fight to restore constitutionally limited government, free markets, and individual liberty to our republic."
 
Date: June 18, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: congress;crime;public safety
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Principled PAC said, "The same unhinged leftists cheering last week's shooting are all backing Jon Ossoff." For any statement we fact-check, the speaker carries the burden of proof. Principled PAC did not respond to multiple requests seeking information to support its incendiary  linking Ossoff to a celebration of violence against Republicans. We were unable to find a single example of someone cheering the recent shooting of Republican lawmakers and voicing support for Ossoff. We rate Principled PAC’s statement !
Statement: The "average tax" for billionaires is "about 3%," which is "a lower tax than a schoolteacher or a firefighter.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: February 15, 2023
Topics: workers;taxes
Context: Lanham, Maryland
Fact-check justification: Biden said the "average tax" for billionaires is "about 3%," which is "a lower tax than a schoolteacher or a firefighter." Biden has previously cited an 8% figure, based on calculations by the White House’s Council of Economic Advisers. But even the 8% figure doesn’t fully align with what Biden said. Both figures stem from calculations made under a theoretical proposal. Under current laws, the 25 highest-earning billionaires paid a 16% tax rate on average, estimates show. Meanwhile, among households earning between $50,000 and $100,000 a year — the category that many teachers and firefighters would fall into — the vast majority paid effective tax rates of between 0% and 15%. Even the very richest billionaires are paying rates higher than that under today’s tax code. We rate the statement .
Statement: More than 20 police officers are dead now because of the riots.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 5, 2020
Location: national
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: One died following a vehicle collision. One died while responding to a call about a suspicious vehicle. We did find news reports indicating that several active law enforcement officers have sustained injuries in the course of the hundreds of protests staged in communities across the country since Floyd died. But we found no other information to suggest that more have lost their lives. We rate this  .
Statement: We now have longitudinal data that shows that children born around Superfund sites have dramatically higher rates of birth defects, dramatically higher rates of autism.
Speaker: cory booker
About the speaker: Cory Booker is a senator from New Jersey. He was first elected to the Senate in 2013, making him the first African-American senator from New Jersey and the first African-American elected to the Senate since Barack Obama in 2004. Booker served as mayor of Newark from 2006 until 2013. He has a bachelor's degree in political science and a master’s degree in sociology from Stanford University, an honors degree in United States history from The Queens College as a Rhodes Scholar and a J.D. from Yale Law School. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and suspended his campaign in January 2020.
Date: April 29, 2019
Topics: environment;autism;health care;public health;health check
Context: a cable TV news interview
Fact-check justification: But that isn’t the same thing as a "dramatically higher rate." The statement is , but could use more context. We rate it . This fact check was reported and edited by Kaiser Health News. PolitiFact and KHN are partnering to fact-check claims about health care.
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton has "taken hundreds of millions from those countries" where "women are stoned, where women are killed for adultery and women can't drive.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: October 2, 2016
Topics: candidate biography;foreign policy;punditfact
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Giuliani said Hillary Clinton has "taken hundreds of millions from those countries" where "women are stoned, where women are killed for adultery and women can't drive." The Clinton Foundation, not Clinton personally, has taken in tens of millions of dollars, not hundreds of millions, from countries that have questionable records on women’s rights, including those that ban driving and stone women for adultery. Giuliani’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/51051fd3-5459-455c-9598-19dd130cdabf
Statement: The GOP-controlled Legislature has "refused to act on at least 150" appointees of Gov. Tony Evers.
Speaker: chris larson
About the speaker: Chris Larson, a Milwaukee Democrat, was elected to the Wisconsin state Senate in November 2010. A former member of the Milwaukee County Board, he is a candidate for Milwaukee County executive in 2016.
Date: September 10, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;legal issues;states
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Larson said the GOP-controlled Legislature has "refused to act on at least 150" appointees from Evers. He provided a list with 157 names. The Legislative Reference Bureau said a more updated tally put the number at 163. For a statement that is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing our rating is .
Statement: Since Volvo spurned Georgia for South Carolina in early May, some 3,455 jobs promising more than $800 million in investments have come to the Peach State.
Speaker: chris riley
About the speaker: Chris Riley has served as Gov. Nathan Deal's chief of staff since shortly after his first election to the office in 2010.
Date: July 17, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: jobs;states
Context: an Atlanta Journal-Constitution blog post
Fact-check justification: State officials promised that Georgia’s momentum for attracting new business would not falter following the loss of a $500 million Volvo plant to rival South Carolina in May. Gov. Nathan Deal’s chief of staff said in July that smaller deals since the Volvo project have led to the promise of 3,455 jobs and $800 million in investment statewide. State economic development data show Chris Riley was low in his tally. Even with an error in the data, Georgia can count nearly as many jobs and significantly more in investment than was promised by Volvo. We rate his  .
Statement: I've been reducing the number of Democratic" Texas Senate committee "chairs since I came in" as lieutenant governor.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: September 16, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: bipartisanship;candidate biography
Context: a Republican lieutenant governor candidate forum
Fact-check justification: Dewhurst said he has been reducing the number of Democratic Senate committee chairs since becoming lieutenant governor. He cut the number of Democratic chairs, from seven to six, in his first year in the leadership office. Then in 2005, he cut the number from six to five, a total that held in 2007. But as in 2003, Dewhurst named six Democratic chairs each regular legislative session from 2009 through 2013. Upshot: Dewhurst twice reduced the number of Democratic chairs, getting to five, but he also has bestowed chairmanships on six Senate Democrats for nearly half a decade. We rate this , which has an element of  but ignores critical facts, as . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The Obama-GOP compromise "raises taxes, it raises the death tax.
Speaker: jim demint
About the speaker: Jim DeMint is a former U.S. Senator from South Carolina. He is now president of The Heritage Foundation .
Date: December 7, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;taxes
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: People often weigh a tax change relative to today's reality. So in that sense, it could be considered a tax increase compared to the anomaly of 2010. But the compromise tax plan is actually considered by many a win for Republicans, because the estate tax would have automatically jumped much higher -- to 55 percent on the value of estates over $1 million -- if no deal were reached. And it's less than the 45 percent rate on the value of estates over $3.5 million in effect in 2009 and which House Democrats proposed to make permanent last year. So we rate DeMint's  .
Statement: Steve Santarsiero wrote PA's Gun Safety Law.
Speaker: steve santarsiero
About the speaker: Pennsylvania state representative running for U.S. Congress.
Date: April 2, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: guns
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Santarsiero, a candidate for Congress, claims in a recent campaign mailer that he "wrote PA’s Gun Safety Law." The campaign goes on to reference two bills that were authored by Santarsiero but that never made it out of committee. In addition, Pennsylvania doesn’t have an overarching law that governs "gun safety" and the law that does govern gun safety wasn’t written by Santarsiero. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Bill O'Reilly spoke 40 percent of the words in an interview with President Barack Obama.
Speaker: dana milbank
About the speaker: Dana Milbank is a columnist for the Washington Post.
Date: February 3, 2014
Topics: pundits;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of MSNBC's "Politics Nation"
Fact-check justification: Milbank said O’Reilly said 40 percent of the words during his interview with the president. That was a little high. By our count, 35 percent would be more accurate. O’Reilly spoke decidedly more than Tapper did in his time with Obama. We rate the  .
Statement: The dollar "has fallen over 44% since Bernanke began pumping money into the system beginning back in 2002.
Speaker: virginia tea party patriots
About the speaker: Virginia Tea Party Patriots is a statewide tea party federation of local Tea Party groups.
Date: November 15, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: economy
Context: a letter to Congress
Fact-check justification: Since Bernanke joined the Board in 2002, the value of the dollar dropped 39% against the euro, not 44%. The Tea Party’s statement also relies on one measurement of U.S. currency -- against the euro -- instead of a broader comparison to several major world currencies. Using that standard, the dollar has fallen 22%. Nevertheless, the letter’s point that the value of the dollar has fallen sharply since 2002 is undeniable, even if the decline is more gradual using indexes other than the euro and even if Bernanke had limited influence for four of the eight years. Therefore, we find the  to be .
Statement: Says Wisconsin Senate recall candidate Jessica King "voted to increase her pay with taxpayer dollars by 63 percent.
Speaker: randy hopper
About the speaker: Randy Hopper served the Fond du Lac area as a Republican state senator from Wisconsin from 2008 until losing a recall election in 2011.
Date: July 20, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: city budget;income;voting record
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: It’s  to  King voted for the raise, given that she voted against the ordinance that raised the pay -- which is the only legal way council pay can be raised. And Hopper’s  of 63 percent itself is , given that the correct raise figure is a somewhat lower 56 percent.  and . Around here, that’s a combustible mixture. We give Hopper’s  a .
Statement: Charlie Crist allowed college tuition to increase up to 15 percent every year.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: June 2, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: Scott for Florida’s new ad about education costs said, "Charlie Crist allowed college tuition to increase up to 15 percent every year." Tuition did go up 15 percent in 2009 and 2010. But the ad downplays the fact that tuition increased 5 and 6 percent the two years prior to that. (It also neglects to mention it went up 15 percent under Gov. Scott one year, as well.) We should also note that Crist wasn’t the only actor here. The Legislature approved increases, as did the state Board of Governors. Still, tuition did go up each year, and as high as 15 percent for two years. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says a recent study shows Florida students are second in the world in fourth grade reading, behind Singapore.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: January 15, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a discussion with black lawmakers
Fact-check justification: Scott said Florida students are second in the world in fourth grade reading, behind Singapore, and offers a study as . The study backs his  up, to a point. Florida students finished second in overall reading to Hong Kong, not Singapore. In the percentage of advanced readers, Florida ranked second behind Singapore. But it’s important to note these rankings do not account for every country in the world. Or every state in the United States. In fact, Florida was the only state included in the ranking Scott cited because Florida paid to be included. Scott would have been correct to say Florida finished second in the study, but he stretched the  a bit when he said Florida ranked second in the world. It would have been more accurate to say Florida ranked second among 53 education systems that were included. We rate Scott’s  .
Statement: The new Apple Watch Series 4 includes "the first ECG product offered over-the-counter directly to consumers.
Speaker: jeff williams
About the speaker: Jeff Williams is Apple's chief operating officer.
Date: September 12, 2018
Location: california
Topics: corporations;public health;technology
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Apple Chief Operating Officer Jeff Williams said the new Apple Watch Series 4 "is the first ECG product offered over-the-counter directly to consumers." That  ignores the fact that start-up AliveCor has produced over-the-counter ECG devices for several years. The AliveCor device requires a cardiologist to review the first test, while that won’t be necessary for the Apple watch. This is a very subtle distinction and not enough to stand up Williams’ . We rate it .    –  The statement is not accurate. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Wisconsin's concealed-carry permit rules demand more proof than other states that safety training requirements are met, rendering "all existing (training) certificates insufficient" as part of the permit application
Speaker: national rifle association
About the speaker: An advocacy group that fights restrictions on the right to bear arms.
Date: October 15, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: government regulation;guns
Context: a website alert
Fact-check justification: We think it’s reasonable to interpret the NRA  as meaning no other state asks for as much as we do on the certificate, so that part of the statement is basically accurate with some clarification. The group also said the DOJ rules render all existing graduation certificates "insufficient for submission with a citizen’s license application." There’s ample  that is  for courses run by organizations such as the NRA. The NRA’s overall point is a technical one, but requires some clarification. We rate it .