chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Video shows "pupils in Nigeria running away from being vaccinated.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 26, 2021
Topics: health care;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: As other fact-checkers have reported, it was posted on YouTube in May of 2019, when a tear gas canister exploded at a school in Nigeria.   "The explosion caused panic," the Guardian reported , "prompting several students who were scared to start jumping down from the first floor of the two-storey of the secondary school. "  As of mid-August, only about 700,000 people in Nigeria had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, according to Reuters . That’s a fraction of the country’s 200 million residents though it recently received a delivery of four million doses of the Moderna vaccine.   We rate this post .
Statement: John Cornyn backed his pal David Dewhurst" for the U.S. Senate over Ted Cruz.
Speaker: steve stockman
About the speaker: Steve Stockman, a Republican from Friendswood, returned for a second term in the U.S. House in 2013 - 16 years after his first term. He unsuccessfully sought his party's U.S. Senate nomination in 2014.
Date: January 24, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a Stockman campaign web page
Fact-check justification: Stockman said Cornyn supported Dewhurst over Cruz for the U.S. Senate in 2012. There’s no  of that. In contrast, news reports say Cornyn revealed no preference before congratulating Cruz for winning the Republican nomination, making Stockman's  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The COVID-19 vaccines "were released to the public after only two months of testing in healthy humans.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 25, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: People who participated in clinical trials of the vaccines continue to be monitored, and the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention monitors the administration of vaccines to the general public for possible side effects that are severe or unexpected. Public health officials, scientists and doctors say the vaccines are safe and protective during pregnancy, based on trials, studies and the available safety data. The CDC on Aug. 11 recommended vaccination for those who are pregnant or looking to get pregnant, as the safety  becomes more conclusive and new infections from the delta variant continue to mount. The statement contains only an element of . We rate it .
Statement: Liberals have figured out a Facebook algorithm and "all the people getting banned from Facebook are somehow conservatives.
Speaker: todd starnes
About the speaker: Todd Starnes is a conservative columnist and radio show host.
Date: April 17, 2014
Topics: pundits;punditfact
Context: an interview on "Hannity"
Fact-check justification: Starnes said all the people getting banned from Facebook are conservatives and that liberals had figured out a way to game the system. We could find no tally of conservative versus liberal complaints about troubles with Facebook. Starnes said all the people getting banned were conservatives and that is not the case. As for the algorithm, Facebook says there isn’t one. Users report violations and staff at Facebook review those reports. We rate this  . Update: We've updated this fact-check with an additional example of a liberal group complaining of being blocked on Facebook after a reader noted that one our previous examples likely came from a satirical conservative group.
Statement: (James) Comey knew murdered DNC staffer, Seth Rich, was WikiLeaks source & covered it up for Hillary (Clinton).
Speaker: patriotcrier.com
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: May 16, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: an Internet post
Fact-check justification: PatriotCrier.com said, "Comey knew murdered DNC staffer, Seth Rich, was WikiLeaks source and covered it up for Hillary." The website’s assertion that Comey knew Rich was WikiLeaks’ source of the DNC emails and hid the  to protect Clinton is a wild assumption based on refuted . A private investigator had claimed that the FBI had analyzed Rich’s laptop and found proof that he had given the emails to WikiLeaks, but then recanted his story. Fox News and its network affiliate, which had broadcast the story, later retracted it. There’s no  there’s any link between Rich and WikiLeaks. The FBI has indirectly denied investigating the case, which Washington police consider a robbery gone . With no concrete proof of this far-fetched , we rate it ! Editor's note: Shortly after this fact-check was published, an FBI spokeswoman officially confirmed that Rich's death was being investigated by the Metropolitan Police Department. The text has been updated.
Statement: Congress used earmarks "for more than 200 years.
Speaker: harry reid
About the speaker: Harry Reid is a former U.S. senator from Nevada. He served as the Democratic minority leader in the U.S. Senate immediately prior to leaving office.
Date: May 6, 2014
Location: national
Topics: congress;corrections and updates;federal budget
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Reid said Congress has used earmarked spending for "more than 200 years." A credible case can be made that Congress engaged in something like earmarking as long ago as 1789 and 1817. The tactic wasn’t used extensively and consistently during that whole period, and it really exploded in the past 20 years, before being phased out more recently. Still, Reid has a point that legislators have long directed spending, and there are 200-year-old (and older) examples of things that are very much like earmarks. We rate Reid’s  . Correction: This report has been changed to remove a reference to an article that examined the history of the earmark. We incorrectly identified the source of article as Taxpayers for Common Sense, but their site only reproduced the article. The report was originally posted to Townhall.com
Statement: Says JoAnne Kloppenburg "has told us she thinks it's her job to promote a more equal society.
Speaker: rebecca bradley
About the speaker: Rebecca Bradley was appointed as a justice on the Wisconsin Supreme Court in October 2015 by Republican Gov. Scott Walker. She is running for a 10-year term on the court in the April 2016 election. She formerly was a judge on the Milwaukee County Circuit Court and on the Wisconsin Court of Appeals. 
Date: March 21, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;legal issues;supreme court
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: That echoes the  made by Bradley. Our rating Bradley says "JoAnne Kloppenburg has told us she thinks it's her job to promote a more equal society." Kloppenburg does say that, but she also says more. Kloppenburg declares that her judicial philosophy is to uphold the U.S. Constitution, and that in her view, the fundamental principles of the Constitution are to "protect individual rights and promote a more equal society." Bradley’s statement is accurate but needs additional information -- our definition of .
Statement: The Russia investigation "was a coup. This was an attempted overthrow of the United States government.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 25, 2019
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: an interview with Fox News' Sean Hannity
Fact-check justification: Trump said the Russia investigation "was a coup. This was an attempted overthrow of the United States government." The Russia investigation stemmed from a by-the-rules law enforcement inquiry. That’s far different than a coup, for which the defining characteristic is that it occurs outside the legal system. It’s also worth noting that the original investigation began before Trump had even been sworn in, meaning he wasn’t even eligible to be deposed by a coup. We rate the statement .
Statement: The GOP's health bill will protect people with pre-existing conditions "every bit as well as Obamacare did.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: September 20, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;government regulation;public health
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Those are the regulations most responsible for driving up premiums and destabilizing insurance markets. Our rating Johnson said the GOP health bill he is co-sponsoring will protect people with pre-existing conditions "every bit as well as Obamacare did." The bill would keep the Affordable Care Act’s prohibition on denying coverage to people with pre-existing health conditions. But states could obtain waivers that would allow insurers -- unlike under Obamacare -- to charge people with pre-existing conditions premiums and provide them lesser benefits. We rate Johnson’s statement .
Statement: The Austin Tea Party and an ultra-conservative millionaire are behind the" campaign against the city's light-rail proposition.
Speaker: lloyd doggett
About the speaker: Rep. Lloyd Doggett was initially elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994.
Date: October 25, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: city budget;city government;corrections and updates;transportation
Context: a Let's Go Austin mailer
Fact-check justification: Doggett said: "The Austin Tea Party and an ultra-conservative millionaire are behind the" campaign against the city’s light-rail proposition. Skaggs seems wealthy, has supported Republican candidates and is treasurer for the major group battling Prop. 1. The Austin Tea Party opposes the proposal too. However, the group hasn’t spent a dime on the cause and doesn’t appear to be a major mover in the anti-Prop. 1 campaign. We find this statement .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. UPDATED, 2:45 p.m., Oct. 31, 2014: This story was amended to specify that Americans for Prosperity didn't  bring O'Toole to Austin, contrary to what a pro-proposition activist said. This change didn't affect our rating of the .
Statement: The insurance commissioner can't do squat about health care.
Speaker: ralph hudgens
About the speaker: Republican Georgia State Sen. Ralph Hudgens of Hull is running for state insurance commissioner in 2010.
Date: June 22, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: a radio interview broadcast over the Internet
Fact-check justification: He used the word "squat," as in "diddly squat." Bupkis. Nada. Nothing. That's a bit of an exaggeration, but Hudgens still earns a .
Statement: I was totally against the war in Iraq, saying for many years that it would destabilize the Middle East.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 27, 2016
Location: national
Topics: iraq;foreign policy
Context: a major foreign policy speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "I was totally against the war in Iraq, saying for many years that it would destabilize the Middle East." The record shows at best some early reservations about the war that evolved into opposition about a year after the war began. However, we find no  of Trump warning about regional destabilization before or after the war started. We rate this statement .
Statement: The U.S. has "over $62 trillion in unfunded liabilities.
Speaker: frank wolf
About the speaker: Frank Wolf, R-10th, has been a member of the U.S. House of Representatives since 1981. The 10th District stretches from McLean to Winchester. Wolf sits on the House Appropriations Committee, where he is the Chairman of the Commerce, Justice and Science subcommittee. In addition, he is the co-chairman of the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission, a bipartisan organization made up of more than 200 members of Congress who work together to raise awareness about international human rights issues. Wolf announced in December 2013 that he would not run for re-election in 2014.
Wolf served as a lawyer in the U.S. Army Reserves. He lost the first two congressional elections he ran in before winning in 1980.
Wolf was born in 1939 in Philadelphia. He received his undergraduate degree from Penn State University in 1961 and his law degree from Georgetown University in 1965. 
Date: April 19, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: deficit;economy;federal budget
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: In fact, Congress changes the terms all the time.     Secondly, the numbers Wolf based his  on are badly outdated. In fact, using the 75-year estimates he cites, the figure would be significantly lower than $62 trillion based on 2011 figures. So, while Wolf’s  is based on an actual figure, it’s an old one that was shaky to begin with given the distant projection and likelihood of change. We rate his  .
Statement: Governor Andy Beshear has authorized Kentucky teachers to make in-home visits. With parental approval, teachers will inspect the bedroom of each student currently enrolled in K-8.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 29, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Louisville Courier-Journal writes that "a prankster thought it would be funny to worry Kentucky parents." But, the newspaper reported, the bedroom bulletin is a hoax.    On Facebook and Twitter the Kentucky Department of Education wrote: "Families: We are aware of a  social media post going around with our logo (as well as a KDE logo that hasn’t been used in many years) & logos of other state agencies. Please be assured that any official document from us will be posted from this official account." We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: We're going to be looking at $8 billion a day that we're going to be pouring into foreign countries in order to import that make-up fuel that we're going to need to take the place of what we could have gotten out of the gulf.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: May 31, 2011
Location: national
Topics: energy;oil spill;regulation
Context: an interview on Fox
Fact-check justification: But she overstated the amount of the dip attributable to the moratorium, and she grossly overstated the cost of that dip if a similar mount of oil is purchased from foreign sources. By the most generous accounting, the cost of that dip in oil production and the substitution of imports comes to a little less than $35 million a day. Palin said $8 billion a day. That's way off. We rate her  .
Statement: Today many Florida teachers are at risk of having their pay impacted by the performance of children who are not even in their classrooms or subject areas.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: September 22, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a Tampa Bay Times op-ed
Fact-check justification: Crist is echoing a legitimate concern of teachers, administrators, lawmakers and unions of the performance pay law. Crist neglects to mention the Legislature tried to address this in a new law that says teachers can only be evaluated by students in their classrooms. Until more assessments are prepared for more subjects, some teachers, particularly in non-core classes or in grades without assessments, will continue to be evaluated not based on the subjects they teach but on overall student scores in FCAT reading and math. Crist’s point is largely accurate given the first round of evaluations, but a new law aims to reduce the problem. We rate this .
Statement: Research found that "over the course of the existence of the Brady Bill ban, the use of assault weapons in crimes decreased by two thirds.
Speaker: edward flynn
About the speaker: Edward Flynn was the police chief in Milwaukee, Wis., from January 2008 to February 2018. He was police commissioner in Springfield, Mass., from 2006 to 2008. He served as secretary of public safety under then-Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney from January 2003 until taking the Springfield job.
Date: March 1, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;crime;guns
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Flynn’s  suffers somewhat, though, from an excess of certainty. The study and its author offer numerous and serious cautions that make clear the 70 percent figure -- while suggestive of a major drop -- is not a definitive figure. And the study makes clear that not all weapons traced by authorities are, as Flynn’s statement implied, used "in crimes." Those are important details that were missing. We rate his statement .
Statement: Michelle Nunn ranks agriculture issues as the 18th most important items facing Georgia.
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: October 7, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: agriculture;elections
Context: a U.S. Senate debate
Fact-check justification: So where does that leave us? It is accurate that agriculture is listed as 18 out of 22 policy memos that need completing, according to leaked internal campaign documents. But there is no  to support the idea that the list is a ranking of Nunn’s priorities. Perdue’s statement ignores critical facts and is  on its face. We rate it .
Statement: Says Beto O'Rourke and Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand "have both said they would tear down the wall if elected president.
Speaker: america first
About the speaker: America First is a primary Super PAC dedicated to electing federal candidates who support President Donald Trump’s agenda.
Date: March 1, 2019
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: America First tweeted that O’Rourke and Gillibrand "have both said they would tear down the wall if elected president." The tweet doesn’t tell the whole story. O’Rourke in an MSNBC interview said he’d take down wall in El Paso. O’Rourke later said "there is a role" for physical barriers in other parts of the U.S.-Mexico border. Gillibrand did not denounce O’Rourke’s MSNBC statement of taking down wall in El Paso, but she also did not unreservedly embrace that position. Gillibrand said that if that made sense, she could support it, but would first need to evaluate the barriers’ effectiveness. America First’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details and context. We rate it .
Statement: Food stamps have gone up two-and-a-half times under Barack Obama.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: September 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;poverty
Context: an interview on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Giuliani said that "food stamps have gone up two-and-a-half times under Barack Obama." Due to expanded eligibility and outreach, as well as the after-effects of the Great Recession -- each of which began under Bush -- the number of SNAP beneficiaries and the cost of the program has risen under Obama. However, the increase in these metrics has been 36 percent and 50 percent, respectively -- far less than the two-and-a-half-times multiplier Giuliani used. It’s also worth noting that both of these figures have been falling consistently over the past several years, a trend that Giuliani’s comment obscures. We rate the  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/dce7bf66-64d8-4c46-b449-3c471eb34446
Statement: For the first time since 1990, American manufacturers are creating new jobs.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 15, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a speech at Milwaukee's Master Lock plant
Fact-check justification: Employment is still down compared to the start of Obama’s term. But the numbers have been in the plus column since January 2010. So, in the end, the president got it  after he had it right. And we’re rating what he said, not what he was supposed to say. We rate the president’s  .