chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: We proudly handed the Biden administration the most secure border in history. All they had to do was keep this smooth-running system on autopilot.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: March 21, 2021
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a statement to the media
Fact-check justification: Trump said "we proudly handed the Biden administration the most secure border in history. All they had to do was keep this smooth-running system on autopilot." While Trump promoted building a wall, some metrics suggest Trump didn’t attain the most secure border in history. And Trump ignores that the surge started in the spring of 2020 when he was still in office.  He also grossly oversimplified how the immigration system works. It’s not as straightforward as keeping it on "autopilot."  Biden’s actions and tone on immigration play a role in migration, but so do other factors such as ongoing economic and social havoc in Central America. We rate this statement . RELATED: Did the increase of children arriving at the border start under Trump or Biden? RELATED: Fox News’ Jeanine Pirro wrongly claims US border is ‘open to anyone from anywhere’
Statement: Tommy Thompson created the first school choice program in the nation, giving thousands of Milwaukee students the choice of where they go to school – no matter where they live or how much money their parents make.
Speaker: tommy thompson
About the speaker: Tommy Thompson, a Republican, was a 2012 candidate for the U.S. Senate from Wisconsin. He served as governor of Wisconsin from 1987 until 2001, when he left office to become President George W. Bush's secretary of health and human services. He previously spent 20 years in the Wisconsin Assembly. Thompson briefly ran for president, withdrawing in 2007.
Date: May 1, 2007
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: his campaign Web site
Fact-check justification: The Milwaukee Parental Choice Program was established in 1989, it was the first of its kind. The program allowed low income families to use state funds to send their children, at no cost to them, to the public or private school of their choice. David Boaz, executive vice president of the Cato Institution, gives Thompson and a Milwaukee state legislator, Polly Williams, "most of the credit" for creating school choice. "The (Milwaukee) school choice reform was pivotal in putting choice on the national agenda." In an editorial praising Thompson as "America's No. 1 public-policy tinkerer," the Capital Times declared that after welfare reform, "If there is a second "reform" for which Thompson is credited, it is state support of the development of school vouchers."
Statement: We buy 35 percent of all Chinese exports.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: October 12, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: trade
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Regardless of that slip, he is correct that the United States is China’s top export destination. A one-quarter share is not as hefty as a one third share would be, but either way, the United States remains the most significant market for Chinese exports. But while PolitiFact Ohio isn’t looking to play Gotcha!, a key tenet is that words matter. In this case, Brown’s number is nearly 30 percent greater than the correct figure. On the -O-Meter, we rate his statement .
Statement: There isn't a single (Texas) legislator under the age of 30, even though millennials make up 25 percent of the electorate in Texas.
Speaker: huey rey fischer
About the speaker: Huey Rey Fischer, citing experience as a legislative aide, is a 2016 candidate for the Texas House seat to be vacated by Elliott Naishtat.
Date: February 8, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: history;population
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Fischer said: "There isn’t a single (Texas) legislator under the age of 30, even though millennials make up 25 percent of the electorate in Texas." The Texas House and Senate each lacks legislators under age 30. But getting a fix on millenials in the Texas electorate can be slippery. Relying on an estimate of residents old enough to vote, as Fischer did, folds in people not eligible to vote--including non-citizens. On the other hand, nearly 20 percent of registered voters are millenials. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: House Bill 2301 never had a public hearing
Speaker: oregon education association
About the speaker: The Oregon Education Association  is a union that represents about 47,000 educators working in pre-kindergarten through grade 12 public schools and community colleges.
Date: July 1, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: education
Context: a blog posting
Fact-check justification: There was no negotiating in public the version put to legislators as part of a final deal. The bill that passed bypassed the comprehensive nature of the original House Bill 2301. Elements of the final bill were discussed, in passing, but the heart of it did not receive a public hearing. The  that the legislation received no public hearing is  -- accurate but needing additional clarification. Comment on this item.
Statement: Says "CNN host Fareed Zakaria calls for jihad rape of white women.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: June 30, 2017
Location: national
Topics: fake news;islam
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: According to the Teoinfo/People’s Cube article, Zakaria wrote, "The white race is rightfully failing because it is a foolish, arrogant, and self-absorbed ethnicity that has racism infused into its very genes," and went on to say "thankfully, the Prophet Muhammad has given us a foolproof way to speed up the decline of a vanquished nation by treating their women as our sex slaves." The rumor-busting website Snopes declared it  in January 2016. Despite the article’s satirical roots, warning labels or disclaimers were lost as it moved from site to site. Reclaim Australia Rally, a group that asks "all patriotic Australians to stand united against Islamisation and home grown terror threats," shared the Teoinfo post on its Facebook page on July 2.   An article that presents over-the-top satire as fact merits a  .
Statement: Says Obama adviser David Plouffe took "large piles of cash" from a joint venture partner of a company owned by Iran's Revolutionary Guard.
Speaker: secure america now
About the speaker: Secure America Now is an independent, non-profit group that claims 2 million members of all political stripes, united behind "policies that will protect our nation against terrorist infiltration, attack and capitulation to our enemies."
Date: September 12, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;foreign policy;message machine 2012
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Secure America Now’s ad claims that Plouffe took "large piles of cash" from a joint venture partner of a company owned by Iran’s Revolutionary Guard. In reality, he took $100,000 for two speeches from a Nigerian subsidiary of that "joint venture partner," and the Iranian company’s ownership wasn’t yet crystal clear. But there were plenty of red flags, if Plouffe had looked for them, that his speaking trip in retrospect might not look so politically savvy. For example, a key Irancell shareholder was already labeled a proliferator of weapons of mass destruction. We rate the ad’s  .
Statement: Says Fox News "posts a fake picture to show soldiers excited to see Trump in Afghanistan….forgets to take out the Universal Studios sign in the background.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 3, 2019
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: AFP photographer Olivier Douliery took the photo on Nov. 28 . The caption says: "U.S. Soldiers react with cheers and applause as US President Donald Trump arrives in Bagram Air Field during a surprise Thanksgiving day visit." Fox News told FactCheck.org that it never aired the image, but other news outlets ran it, including the Times of Israel , Axios and the Daily Mail . None of those images show the sign that appears in the Facebook post.   We rate it !
Statement: For the first time in more than a decade, imports accounted for less than half of (the oil) we consumed.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: March 11, 2011
Location: national
Topics: energy;oil spill;trade
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: In 2009, 17 percent of the U.S.'s oil imports came from the Persian Gulf. But again, Obama's statistic depends on the way you calculate it. By a mainstream measure of "dependence on foreign oil," the U.S. produced domestically a quantity of petroleum that was slightly more than half the amount it consumed. But strictly speaking, imports made up 61 percent of the oil actually consumed in the U.S. last year. And so we rate Obama's statement .
Statement: Elon Musk said a new Tesla feature can scan testicles and use that information "to biometrically unlock and start the car.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: March 27, 2023
Location: national
Topics: transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Using reverse-image search with a screenshot from the video, PolitiFact found that the  footage is from Musk’s March 3 interview at the World Government Summit, an annual event held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, by a nonprofit organization of the same name. ( Learn more  about how we conduct reverse-image searches.)   In the real video , Musk did not reference "particular testicular detection." Instead, the video transcript on YouTube shows that during the 35-minute interview, he discussed topics including misinformation on Twitter and the search for a new Twitter CEO, the need for safety in artificial intelligence and his fears of a so-called single-world government — which made several news headlines . We rate the  that Musk was talking about a new feature to unlock and start a Tesla !
Statement: Tom Barrett "voted for the largest tax increase in history ... raising taxes on gas and Social Security.
Speaker: republican governors association
About the speaker: the gubernatorial campaign arm of the Republican Party.
Date: September 16, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;message machine 2010;taxes
Context: a series of campaign TV ads
Fact-check justification: Partisans have tussled for years over what constitutes the all-time biggest tax-boosting bill. And we expect that barroom arguments will persist. But the  is clear: While Barrett voted for a big tax bill, it’s not the largest in American history, based on its actual share of economic output, which economists and the Treasury Department say is the most valid approach. The increase is evidently the largest in raw dollars, though, so the Republican Governor’s Association has at least one barstool leg to stand on. We rate the RGA’s  .
Statement: Say North Carolina Gov. Roy Cooper was arrested for driving while intoxicated in Stanly County.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 4, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: crime
Context: Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: Multiple Facebook users  that Cooper got caught driving while impaired in Stanly County. Court dockets show no record of Cooper being charged with a crime. The Stanly County Sheriff says his deputies can find no record of Cooper being detained. And PolitiFact can find no  the rumor is accurate. We rate this  .
Statement: Gas in Canada is $9.00 a gallon.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 20, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The highest price at that time was in Hong Kong, at more than $11 per gallon. Canadian gas prices weren’t near $9 per gallon around the time of the original June 11 tweet either, Snopes reported . Factors such as taxes on gas, how reliant countries are on cars for transportation, and whether those countries produce their own oil play a role in cost fluctuations from one nation to the next. Gas prices across the globe have also surged because of sanctions on Russian energy, pandemic-related changes in supply and demand, and increasing oil costs. We rate the  that "gas in Canada is $9.00 a gallon" .
Statement: The minute this proposal for near-beach oil drilling came up, I was against it.
Speaker: alex sink
About the speaker: Alex Sink is a candidate for Congress in Florida's 13th Congressional District. She served as Florida's Chief Financial Officer from 2007 to 2011. She was the Democratic Party's nominee for governor in 2010, but lost to Rick Scott.
Date: June 10, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: oil spill
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: In a press release, she spoke out against the proposal three days after the House Policy Council voted for it -- and three days before the full House voted on it. Because she was so specific with her words, we have to be specific, too. Three days after a vote is not "the minute," despite her 2008 opposition. Sen. Nelson tweeted about it that very day. So we rate her  .
Statement: The Democratic Party "is the oldest continuous political party in the world.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: August 5, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: history
Context: Milwaukee
Fact-check justification: But it was not until the Great Reform Act of 1867 that Britain began to develop modern parties in the sense that a broader swath of the electorate was able to participate. Our rating Kaine said that the Democratic Party is "the oldest continuous political party in the world." The political parties that developed in the United States were the first modern political parties in the sense that they drew broader representation from the general electorate than their predecessors in other nations. In the U.S., the Democratic Party is older than the Republican Party. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Patrick Mahomes said, "I believe George Zimmerman is innocent.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 14, 2020
Topics: criminal justice;crime;sports
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: But even if the statement is meant to be an interpretation of what Mahomes tweeted back in 2013, his tweets are ambivalent enough that they do not make it clear how the quarterback felt. Other tweets from Mahomes’ exchange with his high school classmate show him saying "there was no reason for Zimmerman to follow him and Trayvon just defended himself and Zimmerman had a (gun) so he shot him" and "I still don’t understand what the point of him following him with a (gun) was. "  Another tweet he published that day suggests he was disappointed by the verdict and critical of Zimmerman.   "Knew this was going to happen," he tweeted, "at least you know Zimmerman will never be able to go in public again. "  We rate this headline .
Statement: Jerry Brown "gave California state employees collective bargaining powers" and "now, state employees can retire at 55 with much of their salary for life.
Speaker: meg whitman
About the speaker: Meg Whitman is the former CEO of eBay and the 2010 Republican gubernatorial nominee in California. Largely self-financing her campaign, Whitman lost the general election to then-Attorney General Jerry Brown.
Date: October 15, 2010
Location: national
Topics: message machine 2010;retirement;state budget;workers
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Perhaps, as some argued, collective bargaining laws set the ground rules that strengthened the unions' position. But subsequent governors and the state legislature still had to negotiate those deals. Brown's track record shows he was sometimes a tough negotiator with the unions. And the most expensive change to the pension program (the one highlighted in the ad) came 16 years after Brown left office. And so we rate the ad's  .
Statement: Science says that being single will kill you faster than obesity.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 9, 2018
Topics: public health;science;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The article by Wonderneed claimed that "science says being single will kill you faster than obesity." But the article cites an analysis on loneliness, not on romantic relationships. Studies have shown that loneliness can be a significant health concern, increasing a person’s risk of death by 50 percent. This is a higher rate than that of obesity, which increases health risks by 45 percent. But none of the studies actually examine the speed at which someone dies. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Chicagoans "live in one of the most taxed cities and the most taxed county, unfortunately, in the country.
Speaker: lori lightfoot
About the speaker: Lori Lightfoot is the 56th mayor of Chicago. Prior to taking office in May 2019, she worked as an attorney and previously served as president of the Chicago Police Board, a civilian body responsible for deciding disciplinary matters involving allegations of police misconduct.
Date: November 19, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: taxes
Context: a debate appearance
Fact-check justification: Lightfoot said, "we live in one of the most taxed cities and the most taxed county, unfortunately, in the country." By that, she meant Chicagoans are among the most taxed because they pay high county and city taxes. It’s clear the tax burden in Chicago is punishingly regressive, taking a bigger bite out of the overall incomes of poorer residents than the wealthy. That’s a byproduct of not only local but state tax policy. So Lightfoot would have been correct had she claimed that low-income Chicagoans are some of the nation’s most taxed. And her broader comments do suggest those residents were the focus of her concern. Instead, she made a blanket statement that plays straight into a common but  narrative that all in Chicago pay punishingly high taxes. We rate her  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Same little boy died of COVID-19 in three different countries. Still don't believe the media is #fakenews?
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 6, 2020
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: This Facebook post does not show that the media is falsely suggesting that the same boy had died of the coronavirus in three different countries. Rather, it shows that someone used doctored images of a child who reportedly killed himself to falsely suggest a media conspiracy over COVID-19. We rate it .
Statement: Says Scott Walker is "forcing some women to undergo a transvaginal probe to get an abortion.
Speaker: emily's list
About the speaker: EMILY's List is a political advocacy group that raises money to elect Democratic women who support abortion rights.
Date: October 21, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;health care;message machine 2014;public health;technology;women
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Our rating In a TV ad, EMILY’s List said Walker is "forcing some women to undergo a transvaginal probe to get an abortion," while an image on the screen said Walker "endorses mandating transvaginal ultrasounds."    The law doesn’t mandate transvaginal ultrasounds, rather it says the woman seeking an abortion can choose either a transvaginal or transabdominal ultrasound. But medical professionals say that the new requirement, as a practical matter, means some women have to get a transvaginal ultrasound. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important information, our rating is . You can comment on this item on the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel website .
Statement: Says Austin is the "largest city in America without a congressional district anchored in it.
Speaker: elliott naishtat
About the speaker: Elliott Naishtat, dean of the Travis County legislative delegation, won his first Texas House term in 1990.
Date: June 20, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: redistricting
Context: a Texas House floor debate
Fact-check justification: Naishtat said Austin is the "largest city in America without a congressional district anchored in it." Austin has portions of six districts and Austinites don’t come close to comprising the majority of residents in any of them. In contrast, the nation’s 10 more populous cities have at least one such district. We rate this  as .
Statement: Susan Rice arrested for criminal 'unmasking' of Trump officials.
Speaker: thelastlineofdefense.org
About the speaker: A web site associated with fake news. It is run by a man named Christopher Blair, a self-described "liberal troll" who wants to fool conservative readers with outlandish stories.
Date: September 18, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: United Arab Emirates officials did not tell President Barack Obama’s administration the prince was visiting, which broke with diplomatic practice. The country later tried to set up back-channel communications between the Trump White House and Russia. Trump in April had accused Rice of possibly committing a crime by seeking the names of the Trump officials involved, but there’s no  that’s the case. In any event, the post about Rice’s arrest is a bogus report concocted by a prolific online troll. We rate the statement !