chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: German perverts open bestiality brothels.
Speaker: michael knowles
About the speaker: Michael Knowles is a political commentator who hosts a show at The Daily Wire, a conservative news website.
Date: April 6, 2022
Topics: sexuality;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: It cited a Daily Mail story that allegedly was published "today." But the Daily Mail story was published in July 2013 and contained outdated information. The German government outlawed bestiality in February 2013. We found no credible reports to back the . We rate this post .
Statement: Foxconn hasn't hit job targets on its massive Wisconsin factory because "No. 1, you had a pandemic.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 17, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Asked why Foxconn has fallen short of expectations, Trump said "No. 1, you had a pandemic." The pandemic no doubt has played a role in Foxconn’s 2020 struggles, where the state expects the company to fall even farther off of its projected hiring levels. But the project was foundering long before that. The benchmarks that showed Foxconn struggling all occurred before the pandemic — the company fell short of even minimum hiring targets in 2018 and 2019 while investing nowhere near the money initially projected by this point for what was to have been a Generation 10.5 facility. Referencing the pandemic as the primary reason for Foxconn’s struggles is flat . We rate this  .
Statement: We have a legal immigration system in America that accepts 1 million people a year, legally. No other country in the world even comes close to that.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: May 1, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: the National Review Forum
Fact-check justification: Rubio said, "We have a legal immigration system in America that accepts one million people a year, legally. No other country in the world even comes close to that." The United States accepted just under 1 million people in 2013, the most recent numbers available. As a percentage of population, though, the United States ranked 19th out of 24 countries in 2013. Still, Rubio is correct that the overall figure puts the United States ahead of other countries. We rate this  .
Statement: If protesters blocking the road "start banging on your windows, threatening you and trying to get in your vehicle," it is legal to "hit the gas and plow through them.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 31, 2020
Topics: civil rights;legal issues;crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that if protesters blocking the road "start banging on your windows, threatening you and trying to get in your vehicle," it is legal to "hit the gas and plow through them." Experts said such use of deadly force would be legal only if the driver feared for their life and using the vehicle was proportionate to the amount of force being used against the driver. The statement is overly broad. We rate it .
Statement: Says the number of Democrats who voted for the GOP measure allowing health plan renewals is close to the number who voted on GOP bills to delay mandates on employers and individuals.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: November 17, 2013
Location: national
Topics: congress;health care
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Twenty-one House Democrats voted for all three measures: Ron Barrow (Ariz.), John Barrow (Ga.), Julia Brownley (Calif.), Cheri Bustos (Ill.), Bill Enyart (Ill.), Elizabeth Esty (Conn.), Pete Gallego (Texas), Joe Garcia (Fla.), Daniel Maffei (N.Y.), Sean Maloney (N.Y.), James Matheson (Utah), Mike McIntyre (N.C.), Patrick Murphy (Fla.), Williams Owens (N.Y.), Gary Peters (Mich.), Scott Peters (Calif.), Collin Peterson (Minn.), Nick Rahall (W.V.), Raul Ruiz (Calif.), Paul Schneider (Ill.), and Kyrsten Sinema (Ariz.) When we noted the disparity to Pelosi spokesman Drew Hammill, he said, "She was making the point that people have made these votes on this before." Pelosi does have a point about the Democratic votes on the employer mandate being close to the recent roll call on insurance policies, but she’s off on the vote to delay the individual mandate. That attracted only about half as much support from Democrats (22 versus 39). Her statement is partially accurate, so we rate it .
Statement: McCain's "plan for the economy is to extend George Bush's tax cuts for billionaires and give a $100-billion additional corporate tax cut.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: April 1, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Philadelphia
Fact-check justification: McCain's campaign estimates the entirety of its tax cuts would total $400-billion a year. Clinton didn't mention that part, which causes us concern. Her statement suggests that McCain has only two ideas for helping the economy, and that's not . Yes, she accurately describes those two elements of McCain's economic proposal, but she's  to suggest that's all McCain has in mind. For that, we give her a .
Statement: ISIS is "going to people showing videos of Donald Trump insulting Islam and Muslims in order to recruit more radical jihadists.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: December 19, 2015
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;terrorism
Context: the Dec. 19 Democratic presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that ISIS is "going to people showing videos of Donald Trump insulting Islam and Muslims in order to recruit more radical jihadists." We were unable to find any  to support this. The Clinton campaign did not provide any  that this is already happening -- only that it could be happening, or that it may in the future. If ISIS was using Trump for recruitment videos, we would expect a frenzy of media coverage over it. We rate this  .   UPDATE, Jan. 5, 2016 : About two weeks after Clinton’s comment, various news outlets reported that the terrorist group Al Shabaab had released a recruitment video that featured clips of Trump speaking shortly after the Dec. 2 terrorist shootings in San Bernardino, Calif., about his proposal for a temporary but "total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the U.S." As we noted in greater depth here , we aren’t changing our rating, because we rate statements based on  that was public at the time the statement was made. Before she made her comment, Clinton had no way of knowing about the Al Shabaab video. SITE Intelligence Group, which found the video, said it was distributed on Twitter on Dec. 31. In addition, Al Shabbab is not affiliated with ISIS.
Statement: A majority of Americans "since Harry Truman days" support single-payer health insurance, or "full Medicare for all.
Speaker: ralph nader
About the speaker: Ralph Nader, 74, ran for president in 2000 and 2004. Born in Winsted, Conn., in 1934, he graduated from Princeton University with a major in East Asian studies, and earned his law degree from Harvard. After a stint in the Army, he made his name as a consumer advocate with exposes on the auto industry, notably the 1965 book "Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile." He and his activist-disciples, known as "Nader's Raiders," successfully advocated consumer-banking laws, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Freedom of Information Act and a host of other reforms. A bachelor, he still resides in Winsted, though he spends much of his time in Washington, D.C.
Date: May 7, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;health care;history;medicare;polls and public opinion;public health
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Nader said a majority of Americans "since Harry Truman days" support single-payer health insurance, or "full Medicare for all." While there are individual poll results dating back to 1945 that indicate majority support for single-payer, overall the results are mixed, at best. In fact, one review of more than 100 polls over 50 years found that most people opposed single-payer. We rate the  . To comment on this item, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel website .
Statement: Says "The Simpsons" predicted the coronavirus.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 20, 2020
Topics: pop culture;public health;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .)   Most of the images are actually from an episode about the "Osaka flu" — a factory employee coughs into a package bound for Homer back in Springfield and he gets sick.    But the image of the cat behind the broadcaster seems to have been altered from how it originally appeared in an episode about "housecat flu." On the show, the text doesn’t say "corona virus" but "apocalypse meow."  Eat our shorts : We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: People are five to seven times more likely to be murdered in workplaces that allow firearms than in those that prohibit it.
Speaker: wisconsin anti-violence effort educational fund
About the speaker: Wisconsin Anti-Violence Effort Educational Fund describes itself as the “only statewide grassroots organization solely dedicated to reducing gun violence, injuries and deaths.”
Date: October 30, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: workers;guns
Context: website article, emails, direct mail
Fact-check justification: Some experts faulted WAVE -- though others didn’t -- for using different wording than the study itself, which said North Carolina workplaces that allowed guns were five to seven times more likely to be the site of a homicide. Some experts said they could not conclude from the North Carolina study whether the higher likelihood of workplace homicide would be  in other places like Wisconsin. But other experts said the North Carolina study was proof that the workplace homicide rate in Wisconsin likely would be at least somewhat higher in workplaces that allow guns compared to workplaces that don’t. In sum, WAVE’s statement is generally accurate, but leaves out important details, such as that the study applied only to North Carolina. That’s our definition for .
Statement: Judging by a recent vote, Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz "thinks it's okay for medical marijuana patients to go to federal prison.
Speaker: americans for safe access
About the speaker: Americans for Safe Access (ASA) works toward "ensuring safe and legal access to cannabis (marijuana) for therapeutic uses and research," according to its website. It was founded in 2002 and has offices in California and Washington D.C.
Date: June 5, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: criminal justice;drugs;crime;marijuana
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: The ad by Americans for Safe Access says that, judging by a recent vote, Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz "thinks it's okay for medical marijuana patients to go to federal prison"-- even the elderly ALS patient shown in the ad. We can't measure what Wasserman Schultz believes in her heart, but we are able to take a closer look at what her voting record shows. She did vote against an amendment to prevent the federal government from using money to keep certain states from decriminalizing medical marijuana. And laws that could theoretically send medical marijuana users to prison remain on the books. Still, it’s an exaggeration to say that Wasserman Schultz’s vote means she wants to send ailing seniors to prison for smoking a joint. The reality is that today, even without the amendment in force, federal prosecutions of medical marijuana users are exceedingly rare. Most of the prosecutions we found involved users who were also accused of dealing marijuana. The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . CORRECTION , June 11, 2014: An earlier version mischaracterized a summary of the medical marijuana amendment. The amendment bans the use federal money to prevent certain states from implementing their own medical marijuana laws. The text above has been changed accordingly.
Statement: President Donald Trump's phone call with the Ukrainian president "sounds exactly like what Joe Biden did.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: November 10, 2019
Location: national
Topics: impeachment
Context: an interview on Meet the Press
Fact-check justification: Paul said Trump's phone call with the Ukrainian president "sounds exactly like what Joe Biden did." Paul equated the actions of Trump and Biden, but they are not the same. Biden threatened to withhold aid unless Ukraine fired a prosecutor who was widely viewed as corrupt — in line with U.S. and international policy. Trump, by contrast, temporarily froze aid and then asked the president of Ukraine to investigate Biden, his potential 2020 political rival.  We rate this statement .
Statement: Says she has opposed measures to weaken the Dodd-Frank Wall Street regulatory bill and campaign-finance legislation when they were offered as stand-alone bills.
Speaker: ann mclane kuster
About the speaker: Ann McLane Kuster was the Democratic nominee for Congress in the Second Congressional District of New Hampshire, narrowly losing by just 3,551 votes in 2010.
Kuster, an attorney, has not held elected office, but her parents did. Her mother, Susan McLane was a State Senator, and her father Malcolm served as Mayor of Concord, on the Executive Council, and ran for Governor as an Independent in 1972.
Kuster, of Hopkingtom, graduated from Dartmouth College in 1978, in the third class with women, and received her law degree from Georgetown University Law Center in 1984.
Date: January 6, 2015
Location: new hampshire
Topics: congress;voting record
Context: an interview with the Concord Monitor at her Concord office
Fact-check justification: Kuster says she has opposed measures to weaken campaign-finance restrictions and financial-services protections when they were offered as stand-alone bills. She can make a plausible case on campaign finance, but her record on financial-services protections is more mixed. Early on, she voted for several measures that would weaken the Dodd-Frank act; only recently has she taken a firm stance against efforts to ease provisions of Dodd-Frank. Her statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate Kuster’s  .
Statement: Since February 2009, the private sector has lost millions of jobs while the federal government has grown by hundreds of thousands of workers.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: August 24, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;stimulus
Context: a speech at the City Club of Cleveland
Fact-check justification: We think that's an important caveat to consider. The House minority leader is right on the money when he says millions of private sector jobs were lost. But his reliance on the temporary hiring of census workers to support the notion that the government has grown by hundreds of thousands of workers shortchanges accuracy. That's why we rate this statement, just as we have previous similar claims, as . Comment on this item .
Statement: There hasn't been a Republican in the legislature or the City Council in Providence in over 30 years.
Speaker: bernard jackvony
About the speaker: Bernard Jackvony is a lawyer who served as Rhode Island's lieutenant governor from 1997 to 1999.
Date: May 31, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: elections
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: He attributed the Republican eclipse in Providence to demographic and social changes similar to those that have occurred in many urban areas.      Jackvony, in his statement on "A Lively Experiment," was making the point that it has been a long time since a Republican sat on the council or represented the city in the Assembly.      While he said over 30 years, it’s in fact 19½. His overall point may have been sound, but his numbers weren’t. The judges rule  .
Statement: Asks, "How is this possible?" with a chart showing that 104.41% of registered voters in North Carolina and 103.56% of registered voters in Wisconsin cast votes.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 4, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks;wisconsin
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: "  PolitiFact previously checked the  about Wisconsin having more votes cast than registered voters and rated it .   This  suffers the same fate. We rate it .   This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: If the shot actually saved lives, they'd be priced so high that you literally could not afford them, you know like insulin.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 16, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: Vaccine providers signed agreements with the federal government not to charge patients; they can seek reimbursement of their costs through Medicare, Medicaid and private insurance. Federal funds reimburse health care providers for administering the vaccines to people who don’t have health insurance. With regard to insulin, rising prices are a problem for the millions of Americans who rely on the medication to manage their diabetes. The high costs have been driven largely by the business practices of manufacturers, health plans and pharmacy benefit managers, PolitiFact reported . We rate the meme .
Statement: A quorum-breaking Texas Democrat said in 2007 that mail-in ballot fraud "is the greatest source of voter fraud in this state.
Speaker: chip roy
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Chip Roy was elected to represent Texas' 21st Congressional District in 2018. Previously he worked as vice president of strategy for the Texas Public Policy Foundation, a conservative think tank. He also worked as a political operative for several different Texas Republicans.
Date: July 29, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: elections;voter id laws
Context: a hearing
Fact-check justification: Anchía’s statement is correct too. As of 2007, about 85% of voter fraud cases involved mail-in-ballot fraud. About 58% of voter fraud cases since 2005 involve mail-in ballot fraud.  But the total number of prosecutions are minuscule compared to the tens of millions of votes cast in the last 15 years.    We rate Roy’s  .
Statement: Says "of the 2,000 Portland households in the year-long (composting) pilot, 87 percent of participants reported being satisfied with the overall system.
Speaker: sam adams
About the speaker: Sam Adams is the mayor of Portland. Before that he was a city commissioner and , for 11 years, was chief of staff to then-Mayor Vera Katz.
Date: August 10, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: an article on his website
Fact-check justification: But "if I were the client looking at this, I would look at the positive number I got back with squinty eyes. So where does all this leave us? Well, we’re not sold that the satisfaction rate is as high as 87 percent, given the survey design and the way the sample was collected. But, it does seem obvious that, among the pilot homes, the program is relatively popular. We’ll give this statement a .