chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Gun "marketplaces" on Facebook mean "ANYONE can broker a deal on a gun online, meet the seller in a parking lot somewhere, and walk away with a weapon.
Speaker: moms demand action for gun sense in america 
About the speaker: Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense In America is a group that advocates stricter gun laws. It claims tens of thousands of members and more than 75 local chapters across the country.
Date: February 14, 2014
Location: oregon
Topics: guns
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Though Facebook pages can advertise guns for sale to a broader audience, there’s nothing inherent about them that makes the actual purchase easier or harder. "ANYONE" is also sweeping. Clearly, Oregon laws -- though they’re sometimes violated -- set some limits on who can buy a gun. We rate the  . Return to OregonLive.com/politics to comment on this ruling.
Statement: Says that under his tax plan, seniors making less than $50,000 per year won't pay any income taxes.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 30, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Some economists have questioned whether it's a wise policy because seniors already receive favorable tax treatment. The Tax Policy Center, a nonpartisan tax research group, said Obama's plan would create inequity by eliminating taxes for senior citizens who earn a modest income but continuing to tax younger workers earning the same amount. Also, it would help seniors who are currently paying income taxes but provide no benefit for those too poor to owe any tax. Still, Obama accurately describes his plan in the ad. We rate his statement .
Statement: More astronauts have been to the moon than farmers who paid the inheritance tax in 2013.
Speaker: bill maher
About the speaker: Bill Maher is a comedian and host of HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher. He also works as a comedian and actor.
Date: April 17, 2015
Topics: taxes;punditfact
Context: his monologue on "Real Time"
Fact-check justification: Maher compared 24 American astronauts who "have been to the moon" to 20 farmers whom he said were the only ones to pay the estate tax. His count for astronauts who "have been to the moon" is reasonable, counting both American moonwalkers and those who have flown in its orbit during various Apollo missions. The larger point about only 20 farmers paying the estate tax is a little more complicated. A 2013 nonpartisan study found 20 small farms and small businesses faced the estate tax in 2013. Maher referred to "family farms" in setting up his . Saying small farms would have been better. And he dropped "family" in later references. Experts said Maher generally could have been more careful in his wording, but that his bit of trivia largely checks out, as does his point that the estate tax affects very few small farmers . We rate his  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/2edf78cd-008c-408e-ae35-939322661e70
Statement: There is long historical precedent for a Supreme Court with fewer justices.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: October 26, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: history;supreme court
Context: a rally for a Colorado U.S. Senate nominee
Fact-check justification: Cruz said: "There is long historical precedent for a Supreme Court with fewer justices." In fact, Congress has kept the court at nine members for all but a handful of years since lawmakers set that number of justices in 1837. A few extended vacancies later left the court operating with eight members, but they occurred because the Senate was resisting nominees rather than committing to an even-steven smaller court. We rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says a girl gets a dollar for a kidney transplant every time a Facebook post is shared.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 17, 2019
Topics: health care;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It doesn’t ask for money.   This Facebook post isn’t the first to  that sharing a photo of an ailing child will result in a cash flow. In December, we rated  a  that Facebook would donate a dollar every time someone shared a photograph of a sick boy.   This Facebook post gets the same rating. !
Statement: A $15-per-hour minimum wage would raise the price of a Taco Bell burrito to $38.
Speaker: jordan rachel
About the speaker: Jordan Rachel is a commentator and contributor at Turning Point USA.
Date: January 16, 2021
Topics: economy;food;pundits;workers;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Rachel said a $15-an-hour minimum wage would raise the price of a Taco Bell burrito to $38. This  is countered by available , including the current burrito prices at Taco Bell locations in cities and counties where a $15 minimum wage is in effect. Four economists characterized the  as a far-off estimate at odds with economic theory. We rate Rachel’s statement .
Statement: This is the 911 call placed by the migrants trapped in the truck found in San Antonio.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 28, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;border security
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: On June 27, officials discovered 48 people dead at the scene, days after, the number jumped to 53 people.   Our ruling  A recording published on Facebook claims to show a 911 call placed by the migrants trapped in the truck found June 27 in San Antonio. However, the recording is from an incident that occured in Feb. 8, 2021, when 80 immigrants were trapped in a tanker truck.   The post wrongly identifies the incident.   We rate this post .
Statement: The federal government only ordered BP to pay "to do one of those six segments" of sand barriers for Louisiana.
Speaker: bobby jindal
About the speaker: Bobby Jindal is the governor of Louisiana and a candidate for president in 2016. He was elected to his first term in 2007. Prior to that, he served as a congressman from 2004 to 2008, representing the suburban areas north of New Orleans.
Date: May 30, 2010
Location: national
Topics: environment;energy;oil spill;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC news "This Week''
Fact-check justification: After changes were made to address those concerns, the cost estimates for the barriers rose from $250 million to $350 million. The state government could move to build the barriers with state money, but Jindal has rejected that idea without a guarantee of reimbursement. So Jindal is right that the federal government has authorized payment for only one of six barriers. But he leaves out the fact that the government has doubts about the plan and whether it will work or not, and the first barrier is meant as a test case. We rate his statement .
Statement: Video confirms Pfizer's CEO is "reptilian.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 30, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In 1998, Time reported , former BBC reporter David Icke published "The Biggest Secret," a book claiming that members of the royal family "are nothing more than reptiles with crowns. "   President Joe Biden has similarly been accused of being a reptile. In 2021, we fact-checked a  that a video proved he wasn’t human because a snake had been seen emerging from his jacket during a debate with then-President Donald Trump. It wasn’t a snake; it was a rosary Biden wears to remember his late son, Beau.   We rate claims that Bourla is reptilian, and that this video proves it, !
Statement: Mandela Barnes came out in favor of abortion up until the moment of birth.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: October 6, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;congress;elections
Context: News release
Fact-check justification:   The NRSC claimed Barnes "came out in favor of abortion up until the moment of birth." The  provided by the NRSC does not support the  they made, but rather conflates both the issue of Roe v. Wade and abortion up until the moment of birth. That being said, Barnes has turned away opportunities to make his views even more clear, and by — according to the Eau Claire report — rejecting a cap, leaves listeners fuzzy at best. Finally, as we noted in the Barnes v. Johnson item, there is no recent change in position, as the  suggests. Our definition of  is "The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That’s what we rate this .
Statement: An electromagnetic radiation detector can detect radiation from someone's COVID-19 vaccination.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 17, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a video on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A Facebook video attempts to show that putting an electromagnetic radiation detector near someone’s COVID-19 vaccination site shows that those who are vaccinated give off high amounts of electromagnetic radiation.  All human bodies give off some level of radiation, but experts say that the video is  because there is nothing in the COVID-19 vaccines that could impact the amount of radiation a person gives off.  What’s more, there is also no  that exposure to low-level electromagnetic fields puts someone’s health at risk. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Joe Biden "murdered U.S. Navy Seals.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 6, 2020
Topics: afghanistan;military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Snopes, which fact-checked a similar  last year, reported that it asked Stavridis by email if he felt Biden’s words put SEAL team members’ lives at risk.   "The Navy Special Warfare community is generally (and appropriately) tight lipped about their operations," Snopes quotes Stavridis as saying by email. "That said — I did not believe that night in May 2011 — or today — that Vice President’s Biden’s comments were in any way inappropriate or that they put at risk the lives of those who conducted that historic operation. I think he kept it at a level of generalization that made is completely acceptable in my view." We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: On average, college students "are taking six years to get a four-year degree.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: July 17, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: debt;education;jobs
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Johnson said that on average, college students "are taking six years to get a four-year degree." It’s more common for students to take four years to graduate than it is for them to take six years. But overall, the average duration is about six years. Our definition of  is a statement that is accurate but needs additional information. That’s how we rate this one.
Statement: Says a report shows that "Ventilators Killed Nearly ALL COVID Patients
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 18, 2023
Topics: corrections and updates;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Researchers studied ventilator-associated pneumonia, including in patients with COVID-19. They found that while ventilator-associated pneumonia contributed to a higher risk of mortality, it was not the primary cause of death — COVID-19 was.   We rate the  that ventilators killed nearly all COVID patients .  CORRECTION (May 25): This story has been updated to correct the source of one piece of information. The information was published by StatPearls, a healthcare education and technology company.
Statement: While fat-cat bureaucrats at the Department of Education are getting paid an average salary of $102,000 a year, teachers in Georgia are getting paid half of that.
Speaker: paul broun
About the speaker: U.S. House Rep. Paul Broun, a Republican, is from Athens. He represents Georgia's 10th congressional district.
Date: July 19, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: education;federal budget
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Broun said that Georgia teachers make half of what average federal Education Department employees make. On just the numbers, he is very close to accurate. But Broun fails to take into account the high education and experience level that federal employees at this level typically possess, as well as the high cost of living in the Washington, D.C., area versus residing in Georgia. Broun’s statement is accurate but needs some clarification. We rate his  .
Statement: Says Bernie Sanders opposes "requiring all children to have a K-12 education.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 8, 2015
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: a shareable graphic on the Web
Fact-check justification: A chart on the Internet said that Sanders does not support " requiring all children to have a K-12 education." However, it bases this  on writings and campaigns from more than 40 years ago, and more recent legislative  indicates that Sanders supports a traditional view of K-12 education. We rate the  .
Statement: Taxes and fees amount to about 20 percent of a typical $300 round-trip domestic ticket. That's higher than taxes on products like alcohol, tobacco and firearms.
Speaker: gary kelly
About the speaker: Gary Kelly is the chief executive officer of Dallas-based Southwest Airlines.
Date: February 1, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: homeland security;government regulation;transportation;taxes
Context: a column
Fact-check justification: Our rating Kelly said: "Taxes and fees amount to about 20 percent of a typical $300 round-trip domestic ticket. That’s higher than taxes on products like alcohol, tobacco and firearms." The first part of the  is technically accurate, but , given that the tax rate on a typical flight -- which costs more than $300 and doesn’t include connecting flights -- is 15 percent. The second part of the , although it doesn’t take into account price variations on various products, appears generally accurate. On balance, since the thrust of the  was which had more taxes and which had less, we rate the statement .
Statement: I asked (then-Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice) how many people had died and she did not know the answer to that question.
Speaker: barbara boxer
About the speaker: Barbara Boxer is California's junior senator.
Date: August 31, 2010
Location: national
Topics: bush administration;iraq;military
Context: an editorial board interview
Fact-check justification: In fact, Rice said she could not project expected casualties from the surge. Boxer makes it sound like Rice either didn't know or didn't care about the number of soldiers who had died and that Boxer was nobly calling her out. In fact, she was asking Rice to speculate about casualties in the future. We find the senator's revisionist account to be far from the  and disparaging of Rice. !
Statement: Immigrants make up a majority of essential workers in places like New York City.
Speaker: kirsten gillibrand
About the speaker: Kirsten Gillibrand is a senator from New York. Gillibrand was appointed as senator in 2009 to fill Hillary Clinton’s vacated seat, as Clinton became U.S. Secretary of State under Barack Obama. Gillibrand won a special election in 2010 to retain her senate seat and won re-elections in 2012 and 2018. From 2007 to 2009, she served as the representative of New York’s 20th Congressional District. Gillibrand received a bachelor’s degree in Asian Studies from Dartmouth College and a J.D. from UCLA School of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in August.
Date: April 21, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: immigration;workers;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: That’s in line with Gillibrand’s assertion, said Jeffrey Passel, a senior demographer with the Pew Research Center. Our Ruling Gillibrand said that "immigrants make up a majority of essential workers in places like New York City." This number is backed up by a New York City comptroller’s office study that found that 53% of all "frontline" workers in the city are immigrants. However, the comptroller office’s definition, which doesn’t include government workers such as first responders and which differs from the state’s definition of "essential workers," is only one way of analyzing the data, and other methods might produce a lower percentage. We rate the statement .
Statement: Russia and China are "doing naval exercises together someplace.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 1, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: china;foreign policy;terrorism
Context: Columbus, Ohio
Fact-check justification: Trump was correct in his  that Russia and China are "doing naval exercises together someplace." He was right, too, that the countries have increased their oil trading, though not because "China needs oil," as Trump said. It’s more because Russia needs another oil buyer, due to limitations from sanctions. Finally, Obama did not single-handedly force Russia and China together. Both the sanctions against Russia and the tribunal’s decision against China are the result of multinational diplomatic efforts. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/247efef5-6d83-45b8-86c0-a0b92c358541
Statement: Many uninsured Americans are "young.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: August 12, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on Comedy Central's "The Daily Show"
Fact-check justification: Paul said that many uninsured Americans are "young." He’s right that significant numbers of young people lack insurance, and that young people are statistically more likely to be uninsured than either children or middle-aged Americans are. However, it’s worth noting that within the universe of uninsured Americans, young people are not close to a majority. Collectively, children and the middle-aged account for a greater share of the uninsured. On balance, we rate Paul’s comment .
Statement: Says a Republican bill "pays for school construction with teacher pay raises.
Speaker: wiley nickel
About the speaker: Wiley Nickel is a Democrat elected in 2018 to represent Wake County in NC Senate District 16.
Date: February 20, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: education
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: But the bill itself doesn’t directly take money from teacher salaries or divert money away from them. We rate this . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide. To offer ideas for fact checks, email  [email protected] . '
Statement: Amazon accepts Dogecoin.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 8, 2021
Topics: technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Currently Amazon does not accept cryptocurrencies as a payment method alienating many people who do not have a traditional bank account," the petition says. "Amazon.com, being a leader in innovation, should accept Dogecoin as a form of payment. "  As of May 12, more than 225,000 had signed their names to the cause. Amazon’s accepted payment methods include credit cards like Visa, gift cards and Amazon Store Cards.   We rate this post .