chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Fifty seats have already changed hands from the Republicans to the Democrats since Donald Trump was elected.
Speaker: corey lewandowski
About the speaker: Corey Lewandowski is a conservative political adviser who worked for Americans for Prosperity in New Hampshire before joining Trump's campaign.
Date: February 11, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: Sarasota
Fact-check justification: Lewandowski said, "Fifty seats have already changed hands from the Republicans to the Democrats since Donald Trump was elected." We found  of almost 40 seats that flipped from Republican to Democratic control since Trump took office. The bulk happened at the state legislative level. However, Lewandowski is also counting small municipal elections, which are harder to track. We found a couple of examples of Democratic mayors beating Republican incumbents. Beyond mayor’s races, it’s hard to say a seat flipped when some local elections are nonpartisan. We could not reach Lewandowski to explain how he got to 50. Given that we couldn’t duplicate Lewandowski’s total but he’s right about the trend, we rate this  .
Statement: The federal infrastructure bill includes "a pilot program for a national motor vehicle per-mile user fee, which is basically a long-term plan to make it too expensive to drive a car.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 4, 2021
Topics: energy;transportation;taxes;facebook fact-checks;ask politifact
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: A Facebook  states that the federal infrastructure bill includes "a pilot program for a national motor vehicle per-mile user fee, which is basically a long-term plan to make it too expensive to drive a car." The legislation does include a pilot program to test a per-mile user fee among volunteers who are willing to participate. But there isn’t  now that it would become permanent or, if it did, that such a fee would end up making driving so prohibitively expensive as to make it obsolete. The image contains an element of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: New government-funded 'food pyramid' says Lucky Charms are healthier than steak.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: January 15, 2023
Topics: food;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Rogan on Instagram shared an image that stated: "New government-funded 'food pyramid' says Lucky Charms are healthier than steak." The image is not a food pyramid, which was a government guide on healthy eating.  The image showed data from a food healthfulness system that ranked Lucky Charms cereal as  healthier than ground beef. Tufts University developed the system with partial funding from a federal agency. The image was created by other nutrition researchers to illustrate why they believed the system should not be used by consumers or for food policy.  The image Rogan shared contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Transporting drugs "is the price of admission" for people crossing the border illegally.
Speaker: john loughlin
About the speaker: John Loughlin is state representative from Tiverton who ran an unsuccessful 2010 campaign for Congress in Rhode Island's 1st District. He owns a television, radio and film production company and served 26 years in the military, retiring as a lieutenant colonel in the Army Reserve in 2006. He is married with two daughters.
Date: July 9, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: immigration;drugs;homeland security;human rights;crime;marijuana
Context: a comment on The Helen Glover Show
Fact-check justification: By saying that carrying drugs has become the price of admission for getting across the Arizona border illegally, Loughlin falsely created the impression that most immigrants sneaking across the border are being forced to pay this price. After we informed the campaign that the drug mule  had been questioned (and sent along the June 30 PolitiFact item outlining its problems), Loughlin acknowledged that he was using anecdotal information from the law enforcement people he spoke with, yet still characterized his "price of admission" comment as "a sad but  fact." But anecdotes are not the best . The not-so-anecdotal numbers from Customs and Border Protection show that his fact is sad but not . We rate his  as .
Statement: Our government has now 'spent, lent, or committed' $12.8 trillion in its attempt to blunt the recession.
Speaker: mark sanford
About the speaker: Mark Sanford is a former congressman and two-term governor from South Carolina. He was considered a potential contender for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination before he was implicated in a scandal concerning a extramarital affair in summer 2009.
Date: April 30, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus
Context: a commentary piece
Fact-check justification: There are many ways to calculate the amount the United States has pledged to stem the recession. But we think the Bloomberg calculation is one legitimate way. And we think it was certainly fair for Sanford to cite it, so long as he includes those all-important qualifiers. And on two occasions at least, he did. So we rate his comment .
Statement: Says veterans' disability claims backlog doubled in Obama's first term.
Speaker: john cornyn
About the speaker: John Cornyn is a U.S. senator from Texas, former Texas attorney general and former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He earlier served as a Bexar County state district judge.
Date: November 19, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: veterans
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Cornyn said the backlog of veterans’ claims doubled in Obama’s first term. Counting from Jan. 24, 2009, forward yields an increase of 589 percent. This is an overstatement, though, since the government lowered its threshold for declaring a  as backlogged after Obama became president. Still, the backlog has tripled since the lower threshold was imposed in October 2009. We often find fault in claims that assign the responsibility for broad results to a particular officeholder. That’s because many factors are usually at play. In this instance, however, Obama promised to reduce the backlog of claims and PolitiFact recently rated this a promise Broken. In turn, we rate Cornyn’s statement as .
Statement: A $5,000 stimulus loan is available.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 7, 2022
Topics: economy;stimulus;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post promises "stimulus" loans of $5,000.  But according to the U.S. Treasury, there is no such program.  The website that links to this Facebook post offers loans from various lenders. There is no indication on the site that the government is involved in these loans in any way.  We rate this .
Statement: Says a crisis actor played the parts of a shooting victim and the mothers of shooting victims in Las Vegas, Orlando and Thousand Oaks.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 8, 2019
Topics: fake news;crime;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: And searching for other photos of the women , ones in which they aren’t under duress and in some cases not wearing glasses, the differences are even more acute. Leinonen has been in the public eye since the shooting , speaking at the 2016 Democratic National Convention, for example. Lambourne appeared on "Deal or No Deal." All three women are different individuals who have experienced gun violence up close. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: As a student at Occidental College in Los Angeles from 1979 to 1981, "there were days where folks couldn't go outside. … because of all the pollution in the air.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 25, 2013
Location: national
Topics: environment;history;public health
Context: a speech on climate change
Fact-check justification: Obama said that as a student at Occidental College in Los Angeles from 1979 to 1981, "there were days where folks couldn't go outside. … because of all the pollution in the air." The idea that "folks couldn’t go outside" is an oversimplification. The advisories -- and they were only advisories -- were aimed at children and people who had existing health concerns. But Obama is right that smog was a severe problem at the time in the Los Angeles region. On balance, we rate his  .
Statement: The U.S. military has reinstated a draft, and women are included.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: February 26, 2022
Location: national
Topics: military;ukraine;russia
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: The U.S. requires that male citizens and male immigrants between ages 18 and 25 register with the federal Selective Service System, the agency responsible for running a draft. It would require an act of Congress to reinstate a draft in the event of a national emergency, and if that were to happen, the Selective Service System would begin calling registered men for duty. "If Congress were to reinstate the draft, the Selective Service would activate and order all personnel to report for duty to open Area Offices," USA Today reported . "A public, televised and nationally streamed National Draft Lottery to establish the order by year of birth in which registrants receive directives to report for induction would follow." We rate the  that women can be drafted in the U.S. !
Statement: Says Texas lawmakers last year expanded public education's share of state spending.
Speaker: joe straus
About the speaker: State Rep. Joe Straus, R-San Antonio, was initially elected the speaker of the Texas House in 2009.
Date: September 23, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a breakfast at the Texas Tribune Festival
Fact-check justification: As Straus says, public education made up a greater share of state spending in the 2012-13 budget than in the 2010-11 budget. Bur this statement lacks vital clarifying information -- that school funding still took a substantial hit. We rate it .
Statement: Boy passes Joe Biden a vial of fresh blood to drink on his way back to the White House
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: December 16, 2021
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Crystal Staley, Beshear’s communications director, said the social media  about Beshear's son slipping Biden a vial of blood is "completely ." The  about Biden harvesting blood to drink plays into a segment of the QAnon conspiracy theory , which holds that the world is run by a cabal of Satan-worshipping pedophiles, including many high-profile Democrats. Some QAnon adherents believe members of this ring molest, kill and eat children to ingest a life-extending chemical in human blood, PolitiFact reported . Those beliefs are without , and so is this . We rate it !
Statement: Joe Biden brought Republicans and Democrats together to pass the 1994 crime bill, putting 100,000 cops on the streets and starting an eight-year drop in crime across the country.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 23, 2008
Location: national
Topics: crime
Fact-check justification: Obama's language is a little more tempered than Biden's. While Obama parroted the dubious  that the program resulted in 100,000 new officers on the street, Obama said only that the program "started" an eight-year drop in crime, which is a little different than saying it "resulted in" that drop. David Muhlhausen, senior policy analyst at the Heritage Foundation, notes that the beginning of the decline in violent crime actually started a bit before the funding for COPS kicked in. But stats show it's pretty close. We rate Obama's  .
Statement: Claims to be endorsed by the Democratic Party.
Speaker: duane hall
About the speaker: Duane Hall is a Democratic member of the N.C. House of Representatives. He's a lawyer and lives in Raleigh.
Date: April 20, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections
Context: a mailer
Fact-check justification: Hall’s mailer suggests that he’s endorsed by the Democratic Party. The local and state parties have promoted him in the past. But the Wake County Democratic Party, NC Democratic Party and Democratic National Committee all denied making any primary endorsements at all. Not only are the parties not endorsing him, the NCDP and DNC have called on him to step down. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Sal Esquivel wants a 5 percent state sales tax on groceries.
Speaker: lynn howe
About the speaker: LynnHowe lives in Medford. She retired from a career in nursing and health care administration in 2004. She is a volunteer with libraries and senior citizens.
Date: October 5, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: taxes
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: It’s  Esquivel has advocated for a sales tax, in exchange for lowering other taxes. But Howe takes this too far, by saying he’s going after bread-and-butter kitchen staples. The bill specifically exempts food items. Combine that with the dearth of information on what the bill, in its entirety, would have done and PolitiFact Oregon rates this .    Comment on this item.
Statement: Donald Trump gave a speech in Prescott Valley, Arizona, on July 18, 2022.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 18, 2022
Location: arizona
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Instead of a recent Trump speech, the video starts with remarks delivered by then-Vice President Mike Pence at a campaign event in Flagstaff, Arizona, on Oct. 30, 2020. Then it cuts to a Jan. 29, 2022, speech Trump gave in Conroe, Texas.   Trump was scheduled to speak at a "Save America" rally on July 16 in Prescott Valley but it was postponed following the death of his first wife, Ivana Trump. The rally was rescheduled for July 22.   We rate the  this video shows a July 18, 2022, speech .
Statement: Docs: Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker took $1 million from a pro-Putin Ukrainian businessman—last election cycle.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: May 23, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: campaign finance;elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Our rating Tweets made this : "Docs: Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker took $1 million from a pro-Putin Ukrainian businessman — last election cycle." The businessman was born in Ukraine, but has long lived in London and New York. His company gave $1.5 million not directly to Walker, but to a super PAC that supported Walker’s run for the 2016 GOP presidential nomination. He has ties to Putin, based on his past ownership of a Russian oil company, but whether he is "pro-Putin" is unclear. For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is .
Statement: Foster children are disproportionately victims of identity theft.
Speaker: james langevin
About the speaker: James Langevin has represented Rhode Island's 2nd Congressional District since 2001. He was elected to the state's Constitutional Convention in 1986. Two years later, he won a seat as a State Representative and went on to become, at age 30, Rhode Island's youngest Secretary of State in 1995.
Date: September 21, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: children;consumer safety;families;financial regulation;crime
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Clearly identity theft is a big problem that often isn't recognized among children. Requiring the state to clear a foster child's credit history before he or she graduates from state custody seems like a good policy. Representative Langevin said, "Foster children are disproportionately victims of identity theft." The concept is apparently widely believed and asserted among child advocates. But no study has directly compared identity theft rates between foster children and other children. The California study is the only one to look at identity theft among foster children and it found a rate of roughly 4 percent. Of the two studies we found that looked at overall childhood rates, one showed a rate of identity theft that was similar to foster children. The second found a rate that was higher than the rate seen in the study of foster children. When Langevin asserts that foster children are disproportionately victims, he's making a  based on  that is either scant, unreliable, or contradictory. We rate the  as  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: More than half of the people on food stamps today are children.
Speaker: marcia fudge
About the speaker: Rep. Marcia Fudge, a Democrat from Warrensville Heights, is the congresswoman from Ohio's 11th district. Prior to her election to the House of Representatives, she was mayor of Warrensville Heights.
 
Date: November 1, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: federal budget;poverty
Context: an MSNBC interview with Al Sharpton
Fact-check justification: And as mistakes go, this one is pretty small. Roughly half the people on food stamps are children. Fudge described it as more than half based on data that was specific to her district. The actual figure for the national average is 47 percent, a point of clarification. A statement that is accurate but requires additional information or clarification lands one place on the -O-Meter: .
Statement: Says Romney and Ryan "both backed proposals that would outlaw abortions even in cases of rape or incest.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 11, 2012
Location: national
Topics: abortion;corrections and updates;message machine 2012
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Barack Obama said in a television ad that Romney and Ryan Romney "both backed proposals that would outlaw abortions even in cases of rape or incest." That is  for Ryan. His opposition to abortion, including in cases of rape and incest, is clear. Romney chose Ryan as his running mate and now Ryan says he’ll follow Romney’s lead. Romney has said he supports an amendment that defines life as beginning at conception. When he said that, there was no specific amendment language for him to consider. The term "life begins at conception" is strongly associated with banning abortion, and in some advocates’ view, without exception for rape and incest. But Romney has distanced himself from formal personhood amendments and he made clear in National Review that he supports exceptions for rape or incest. Still, his words and his choice of Ryan tend to blur the distinctions that he himself would emphasize. We rate the statement .
Statement: You've got a building in the Cayman Islands that supposedly houses 12,000 corporations. That's either the biggest building or the biggest tax scam on record.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 5, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Manchester, N.H
Fact-check justification: According to published financial reports, Coca-Cola alone saved $500-million in U.S. taxes in 2003 through foreign subsidiaries. Its Cayman company controls syrup-producing facilities in Ireland. The subsidiary pays taxes in Ireland at 12.5 percent, still far less than in the United States. So, Obama is right that thousands of corporations, and some do say more than 12,000, are in one building in the Caymans, but he goes too far when he implies it's an illegal scam. We rule his statement .
Statement: The Senate-passed health care bill "is identical to the Massachusetts health care plan -- the same thing.
Speaker: paul krugman
About the speaker: Paul Krugman is a columnist for the New York Times and professor of Economics and International Affairs at Princeton University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2008. He describes himself as liberal.
Date: January 31, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care;pundits
Context: an interview on ABC's 'This Week'
Fact-check justification: "The Senate probably has more cost containment," said John Holahan, a health expert at the Urban Institute who has studied the Massachusetts plan extensively. "And the financing is different. But the structure is the same." So it seems that there's broad agreement that, despite some operational differences, the broad structure of the Massachusetts health care plan is quite similar to that in the U.S. Senate bill -- certainly more similar than either one is to, say, a single-payer health care plan or even to the current system. Krugman's comparison of the two plans is .