chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: By 2006, the American people were overwhelmingly against the Iraq War.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 10, 2014
Location: national
Topics: history;iraq;military;polls and public opinion
Context: her book, "Hard Choices"
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that, "by 2006, the American people were overwhelmingly against the Iraq war." Polling data shows that roughly 65 percent of the public opposed the war by the second half of 2006, but while that qualifies as strong opposition, the definition of "overwhelming" within the polling profession is more uncertain. On balance, we rate Clinton’s  . UPDATE, June 20, 2014, 11:45 am: This article has been updated to include a response from Clinton's staff received after the story was published.
Statement: Iran "might not be a superpower, but the threat the government of Iran poses is anything but 'tiny,'" as Obama says.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: May 19, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: Chicago
Fact-check justification: One could argue whether it's wise to meet with leaders of rogue nations. One could also debate whether Obama wrongly downplayed the threat posed by Iran. But Obama never said the threat from Iran was "tiny" or "insignificant," only that the threat was tiny in comparison to the threat once posed by the Soviet Union. In fact, Obama has repeatedly called Iran a grave threat. We rule McCain's statement .
Statement: Obama voted for the Bush-Cheney energy bill that put $6-billion in the pocket of big oil.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: April 15, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Pennsylvania
Fact-check justification: So when we included the additional taxes the oil and gas companies would pay, the actual number is about $5.3-billion over 10 years. Slocum acknowledged that the $6-billion cost was "a little ." But he said the conclusion remained the same, that "it was just egregious to have that level of a giveaway." And so we find that Clinton is right that Obama voted for the bill, but she's using  numbers about the bill that exaggerate the benefit for oil companies, and her description of the bill fails to reflect its incentives for alternative energy. Overall, we'd say that makes her statement .
Statement: In fact New Jersey is a donor state, we get 61 cents back on every dollar we send to Washington. And interestingly Kentucky gets $1.51 on every dollar they send to Washington.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: July 30, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: taxes
Context: an article on NJ.com
Fact-check justification: Christie said, "In fact New Jersey is a donor state, we get 61 cents back on every dollar we send to Washington," in response to Rand’s  that New Jersey has a ‘gimme’ attitude about federal spending. "And interestingly Kentucky gets $1.51 on every dollar they send to Washington." Christie’s  is right on the money: even though the most recent data available is eight years old, the Tax Foundation backs up the governor’s statement to the exact penny for both New Jersey and Kentucky. So when it comes to a game of fiscal "gimme, gimme, gimme," it might behoove the senator to check his own state’s coffers first before attacking New Jersey. Christie’s statement rates . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Broken voting machines in Russellville, Ark., tried to automatically tally votes meant for Donald Trump as votes for Joe Biden.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 21, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said broken voting machines in Russellville, Arkansas, tried to automatically tally votes meant for Donald Trump as votes for Joe Biden. A machine in Pope County did freeze on a voter in a way that prevented him from scrolling to cast his vote for Trump, said an elections official who was there when the incident took place.  But the machine never computed a vote for Biden or checked the box next to his name. The hiccup was quickly resolved and the voter was able to cast his ballot as intended. The incident involved just one machine, not two, Harris said. Election security experts said the isolated incident should not be extrapolated to suggest all elections technology is faulty. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical fact that would give a different impression. We rate this post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: The City of Austin is dedicating more than $20,000 PER HOMELESS PERSON in Austin.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: October 10, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: city budget;city government;homeless
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Abbott said, "The City of Austin is dedicating more than $20,000 PER HOMELESS PERSON in Austin." The math behind Abbott’s  checks out for the overall budget for homeless initiatives — $62.7 million — and there are an estimated 2,255 homeless people in the city. Divided evenly, that’s $27,804 per homeless person. But a large chunk of the $62.7 million is going toward programs to prevent homelessness and toward affordable housing, not directly to people experiencing homelessness. Abbott's  needs more context. We rate this  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context.
Statement: The majority of the Hispanic population and the growth (of the population) is U.S.-born.
Speaker: jose diaz-balart
About the speaker: Jose Diaz-Balart is the anchor for Telemundo's Noticiero news program and is a show host with MSNBC.
Date: July 26, 2015
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: a pundit panel segment on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Díaz-Balart said, "The majority of the Hispanic population and the growth is U.S.-born." Census Bureau data support him on both counts. We rate his  .
Statement: You know how many children in the history of the United States have died in a fire (at school)? Zero.
Speaker: greg steube
About the speaker: Greg Steube was first elected to Congress in 2018 to represent Florida’s 17th District which spans Charlotte, DeSoto, Glades, Hardee, Highlands, and Okeechobee counties, as well parts of Sarasota, Lee, and Polk counties. He was first elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 2010. He is an Army veteran and lives in Sarasota.
Date: April 2, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: education;public safety;guns
Context: a Florida House judiciary committee hearing
Fact-check justification: When talking about a bill to designate certain people in K-12 schools to carry firearms, Steube said "You know how many children in the history of the United States have died in a fire (at school)? Zero." There have been at least eight school fires with 10 or more deaths in the United States, though the most recent one was in 1958, according to a national association that tracks such fatal fires. None on that list were in Florida. Steube admitted that he misspoke -- he meant to say no children died in school fires in Florida.  We rate this  .
Statement: Israel cut its illegal immigration rate by "99 percent" by constructing a 143-mile fence along its southern border.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: February 3, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a CNN interview
Fact-check justification: Johnson said Israel cut its illegal immigration rate by "99 percent" by constructing a 143-mile fence along its southern border. Israeli government data support Johnson’s statement. However, experts say the fence alone is not responsible for the dramatic decrease in illegal immigration, policies have also deterred illegal border crossings. Border security experts also caution about comparing Israel and the United States’ southern borders -- the U.S.-Mexico border is much longer than the Israel-Egypt border, terrain conditions are different and more agents would be needed to monitor the U.S. border. Johnson’s statement is accurate, but needs additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Democrats are poised now to cause this largest tax increase in U.S. history.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: August 1, 2010
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Regardless, Wallace was very specific about asking her about tax increases for the top 2 percent. And that does not represent the largest tax increase in history. The unlikely outcome that she seems to be talking about -- that all of the Bush tax cuts will be repealed -- wouldn't be the largest tax increase in history either. Palin read the number on her hand correctly, but that's about all she got right. So we rate her statement .
Statement: Says Michael Bennet wants to close Guantanamo Bay prison and bring terrorists "right here to Colorado.
Speaker: jon keyser
About the speaker: Jon Keyser is a 2016 Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate from Colorado. A former Jefferson County state representative, Keyser is an Air Force Academy graduate and a veteran of Iray and Afghanistant.
 
 
 
Air Force Academy graduate and veteran of Iraq and Afghanistan, announced his run Monday.
Date: February 11, 2016
Location: colorado
Topics: congress;terrorism
Context: a candidate forum
Fact-check justification: Keyser said, "We have about 90 terrorists that are left at Guantanamo Bay. Michael Bennet wants to close Guantanamo Bay with the president, and bring them right here to Colorado." Keyser’s campaign pointed to Bennet’s votes against a permanent ban on transferring detainees to a U.S. military prison and his opposition to blocking construction funding for a prison to hold Gitmo prisoners in the United States. While Bennet has long supported closing the Guantanamo Bay prison, his statements and legislative record show that, since 2009, Bennet has opposed attempts to relocate detainees from Guantanamo to a Colorado prison, including Colorado’s federal supermax prison. Bennet has said repeatedly he thinks detainees should be held in military prisons, and there is no military prison in Colorado. We rate the statement .
Statement: According to the Congressional Budget Office, "as many as 20 million Americans could lose their employer-based insurance thanks to Obamacare.
Speaker: reince priebus
About the speaker: Reince Priebus was the first chief of staff to President Donald Trump, replaced by John Kelly in July 2017. Priebus was previously chairman of the Republican National Committee, a post he assumed in 2011. He is also the former chairman of the Republican Party of Wisconsin. He was an unsuccessful Wisconsin state Senate candidate in 2004. He is a Kenosha, Wis., native and lawyer.
Date: March 23, 2012
Location: national
Topics: health care;workers
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Priebus’ number does appear in the CBO report he references in the op-ed, but it’s not the primary estimate -- it’s one of four alternative scenarios, and easily the one with the biggest decrease. So the number is cherry-picked. His  also suggests that 20 million people are being forced out of the coverage, when in fact many will choose voluntarily to switch to better coverage. And he conveniently ignores the estimates that 9 million people who didn't have employer coverage will get it because of the law, at least according to CBO’s estimates. His  is partially accurate but leaves out important details and takes things out of context, which is our definition of .
Statement: China is "trying to develop nuclear capability.
Speaker: herman cain
About the speaker: Herman Cain is an author, columnist and talk radio host. Cain, a former pizza franchise CEO, ran for president as a Republican in 2012.
Date: October 31, 2011
Location: national
Topics: china;foreign policy;military;nuclear
Context: an interview on "PBS Newshour"
Fact-check justification: We rate his statement . Editor's note: After we published this item, Cain addressed his statement in an interview with the Daily Caller website. "Maybe I mispoke," Cain said. "What I meant was, China does not have the size of nuclear capability that we have. They do have a nuclear capability."
Statement: Says Gov. Scott Walker "raises the pay of inmates, but we don't raise the pay of staff in our correctional institutions.
Speaker: marty beil
About the speaker: Marty Beil is executive director of the Madison-based Council 24 of the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees union, which represents a variety state employees in Wisconsin.
Date: July 19, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;income;unions;workers
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: So, the higher pay rate is limited to the relatively few working inmates at one prison, and only applies to their first two months on the job. Our rating Beil said Walker has raised the pay of working inmates, "but we don't raise the pay of staff in our correctional institutions." Neither group, however, has received a pay raise. The pay rate at one prison is now higher for new workers during their two-month probation period, but that was done not to give inmates raises but to save money for taxpayers. Since Beil’s statement has only an element of , and leaves out critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it .
Statement: An 11-year-old boy saved the lives of two people on the same day.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: April 24, 2023
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;good enough to be true
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: "I want to tell other young people to be kind and to help whenever you can help. "  We rate the  that Davyon saved two people’s lives in one day Good Enough to Be ! See a post that might make a great Good Enough to be  story? Send it to [email protected] We choose claims that pique our curiosity and fit our -O-Meter definition of .
Statement: Says Ann Kirkpatrick "votes with her party nearly 90 percent of the time.
Speaker: arizona grassroots action pac
About the speaker: Arizona Grassroots Action Political Action Committee describes itself as not being authorized by "any candidate or committee." However, the PAC has run ads against Republican Kelli Ward and Democrat Ann Kirkpatrick, challengers in the November race for Sen. John McCain's U.S. Senate seat. 
Date: March 1, 2016
Location: arizona
Topics: voting record
Context: an online advertisement
Fact-check justification: The Arizona Grassroots PAC said that Kirkpatrick "votes with her party nearly 90 percent of the time." The data backs up this . However, her campaign can point to a couple of instances where Kirkpatrick did cross party lines on votes. We rate the ad as . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/3fe94ae0-4fa0-45e4-95c8-173ac8dad618
Statement: Says Rick Perry flip-flopped on gay marriage by first saying it was a state's rights issue and then saying he was in favor of a federal constitutional amendment banning gay marriage.
Speaker: martin frost
About the speaker: Martin Frost is a former Dallas member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Date: August 12, 2011
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;lgbtq;states
Context: "POLITICO"
Fact-check justification: Frost claims that Perry has flip-flopped on the issue and didn't bring up the amendment until a conservative outcry about his states' rights remarks. We find some merit to Frost's  because Perry did, indeed, bring up his support for the amendment after his remarks about gay marriage in New York stirred up a storm. And we found little  that he talked about it much before that. Instead, he emphasized a view that states should decide for themselves. Still, activists on both sides of the issue as well as his spokesman said Perry supported the amendment long before his recent comments. And he has consistently raised a concern that the courts might force acceptance of same sex marriage on states that disapprove, which is his rationale for supporting a federal constitutional amendment. Frost is right that Perry changed in the face of criticism, but the change appears not to have been so much a change in policy as a change in rhetorical emphasis designed to quiet critics. Because Frost said Perry "changed his position," we rate his statement .
Statement: The school voucher bill the Iowa Legislature is considering would "give your education tax dollars to corporations.
Speaker: christina blackcloud
About the speaker: Christina Blackcloud is a Democratic activist and political candidate from Tama, Iowa.
Date: January 23, 2021
Location: iowa
Topics: corporations;education
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Blackcloud said, "The school voucher bill that Republicans are trying to ram through the Iowa Legislature would give your education tax dollars to corporations in the hopes they will magically fix education." In its current form, SF 159 reallocates money that normally would be spent in public school systems, instead supporting students attending nonpublic schools. That money would be handed over to schools that, under Iowa law, are considered corporations. But, other not-for-profit options will exist, too, for nonpublic schooling. We rate Blackcloud’s  as .
Statement: Says "Donald Trump is a guy who has called for privatization" of the Veterans Administration.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: July 11, 2016
Location: national
Topics: health care;veterans
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Kaine said, "Donald Trump is a guy who has called for privatization of the V.A." Actually, Trump is a guy who has called for giving veterans access to private providers. That may lead some veterans to seek care outside the V.A., but it’s not the same thing as completely privatizing the system. We rate Kaine’s  .
Statement: Says Mark Pryor "cut Medicare to pay for Obamacare.
Speaker: tom cotton
About the speaker: Tom Cotton, a Republican, was elected to the House of Representatives in 2012 from a district in Arkansas.
Date: November 13, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Cotton’s ad claimed that "Pryor cut Medicare to pay for Obamacare." In reality, the Affordable Care Act calls for a slowed growth of Medicare funding, not a slash to current funds. The savings from this approach will be used to offset Obamacare costs. Because the ad doesn’t make this clear, we rate Cotton’s  .
Statement: A bill in Connecticut that changes the definition for "sexual orientation" would protect "minor attracted persons" from discrimination.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 21, 2023
Topics: lgbtq;sexuality;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: He said the bill’s proposed definition of sexual orientation that is based on gender-based attraction "does not offer any antidiscrimination protections based on raping people, sexually assaulting/having nonconsensual sex with them, etc., nor does it protect against discrimination based on someone’s liking to do such things." "This doesn’t leave it up to courts to interpret in ways that should worry anyone," Cruz said. "Paying even modest attention to the bill’s definitions should make it clear beyond doubt that it will not be the source of protections based upon the age of people to whom one is attracted or with whom one has sex." We previously debunked the  that the Minnesota bill would make it "illegal to discriminate against child rapists." We rate this  .