chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says in "our region," 2011 was worst drought year ever recorded.
Speaker: kirk watson
About the speaker: Kirk Watson, who initially won his seat in the Texas Senate in 2006, was previously mayor of Austin. Earlier, he served on the Texas Air Control Board, precursor to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. He was the 2002 Democratic nominee for Texas attorney general.
Date: December 31, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: environment;water;weather
Context: the Austin American-Statesman
Fact-check justification: Watson said 2011 was the worst drought year in "our region." In records dating to 1893 for the general area indicated, 2011 was the most severe single-year drought by rainfall combined with evaporation, and it also saw the lowest recorded water-flow into the Highland Lakes. Watson’s statement is .
Statement: In Texas, Republicans passed a law allowing rapists to sue their victims for getting an abortion.
Speaker: alexandria ocasio-cortez
About the speaker: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, a Democrat, was elected to New York's 14th Congressional district seat in November 2018.
Date: April 29, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: abortion;health care;women
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Ocasio-Cortez tweeted on April 29, "In Texas, Republicans passed a law allowing rapists to sue their victims for getting an abortion." The law specifically bars someone's rapist to sue because they sought a prohibited   abortion. The law also allows   actions against abortion providers, rather than the patient, for procedures past a pregnancy's six-week mark. We rate this  as .
Statement: Not a dollar would be paid out until jobs in the Foxconn development area were created.
Speaker: wisconsin republican legislative leaders
About the speaker: Robin Vos, R-Rochester, is the speaker of the Wisconsin Assembly. Scott Fitzgerald, R-Juneau, is Senate Majority Leader. Republicans have controlled both chambers of the Wisconsin Legislature since the 2010 election.
 
Date: January 30, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;taxes
Context: news release
Fact-check justification: And that money is already being spent -- a fact the  glosses over. Our rating Vos and Fitzgerald said "not a dollar" in state taxpayer money will be paid out "until jobs in the Foxconn development area were created." While job-creation incentives have not kicked in, that only represents a portion of the state-level support -- and the company is already benefiting from the sales tax break on construction materials. In addition, the statement ignores costs to local taxpayers -- ones the company is also benefiting from already. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Says U.S. Rep. Dan Lipinski "voted against the DREAM Act, supports separating families and banning Muslims.
Speaker: rush darwish
About the speaker: Rush Darwish is a candidate in the 2020 Democratic primary for Illinois' 3rd Congressional District. He currently runs a multimedia production company in Chicago and previously worked as a news anchor and sports reporter in Nebraska and Texas.
Date: March 3, 2020
Location: illinois
Topics: immigration
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Darwish’s tweet claims Lipinski "voted against the DREAM Act, supports separating families and banning Muslims." Lipinski did vote against the DREAM Act in 2010. But he now supports legislation to provide similar protections to immigrants brought to the country illegally as children. He has been a longtime critic of a Trump policy that resulted in children being separated from their families along the border and of the president’s travel ban affecting people from Muslim-majority nations. Darwish’s  contains some  in citing Lipinski’s vote against the DREAM Act, but it gives a  impression overall of the congressman’s current stance on key immigration issues. We rate his  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says John F. Kennedy "smoked cannabis in the White House, while president, because he suffered from severe back pain and Addison's disease.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 30, 2020
Topics: drugs;history
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: A social media post claims Kennedy "smoked cannabis in the White House, while president, because he suffered from severe back pain and Addison's disease." There is an unconfirmed, secondhand account that Kennedy once smoked marijuana at the White House. And he did suffer back pain and Addison’s, according to records. But there is no  to support the suggestion that Kennedy regularly smoked marijuana in the White House because of his physical ailments. We rate the statement .
Statement: We have at least 200,000 to 300,000 hate crimes in a given year.
Speaker: cornell william brooks
About the speaker: Cornell William Brooks is the president and CEO of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
Date: June 21, 2015
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;crime;race and ethnicity
Context: comments on Face the Nation
Fact-check justification: Brooks said, "We have at least 200,000 to 300,000 hate crimes in a given year." Looking at the National Crime Victimization Survey does confirm his , with a 2012 report finding nearly 300,000 estimated victims of hate crime. And while the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program, an alternative method of data collection on hate crime, only found around 6,000 reported hate crimes in 2012, experts said it’s widely accepted that crimes are underreported with this method, mainly because of police non-participation and miscategorization. Admittedly, the survey does carry its own flaws related to possible overcounting, but experts tend to agree that it comes closer to accurately estimating the total number of hate crimes. We rate Brooks’ statement .
Statement: Says Elizabeth Warren "was paid $400,000 to teach one class.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 16, 2019
Topics: education;income;punditfact
Context: a viral meme
Fact-check justification: A viral image said Warren "was paid $400,000 to teach one class." Warren earned more than $400,000 for her work as a Harvard Law School professor in 2010 and 2011. Across those two years, she taught two classes, not one. She also left Harvard during the 2010-2011 academic year to advise the government. Plus, her $400,000 salary would have reflected not only her work in the classroom, but also her reputation, her contributions to Harvard as a researcher and her many years at the university. We rate this statement .
Statement: House Bill 330 "grants immunity from liability to motorists who strike protesters.
Speaker: roy cooper
About the speaker: Roy Cooper, a Democrat, is the governor of North Carolina. Previously he was the attorney general, a state senator and a state representative.
Date: August 15, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: legal issues;public safety
Context: Press release
Fact-check justification: Cooper overstates what this bill would do. And legal experts say that, while untested, the bill doesn't appear to change litigation and might not offer any additional protections at all. We rate this  .
Statement: According to a government supplier of emergency products, the Disaster Assistance Response Team was told to be prepared to be activated in the month of October for an outbreak of Ebola.
Speaker: morgan brittany
About the speaker: Morgan Brittany is a former actress and now writes for the conspiracy website WND.
Date: October 7, 2014
Topics: ebola;public safety;punditfact
Context: an article on the WND website
Fact-check justification: Brittany passed along as fact that a government supplier knew that emergency responders had been told well in advance to get ready for Ebola. The rumor was based on tweets from a private California medical and safety services company, which now says the tweets were based on nothing. The reckless use of implausible assertions earns this  .
Statement: Medicare and Medicaid are the single biggest drivers of the federal deficit and the federal debt by a huge margin.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: June 24, 2009
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care
Context: a town hall meeting
Fact-check justification: That's where the economists disagree: Whether to cut spending or raise taxes. But we found little disagreement over the underlying problem. So going back to Obama's statement, Obama said, "Medicare and Medicaid are the single biggest drivers of the federal deficit and the federal debt by a huge margin." But we do need to add the caveat that Medicare and Medicaid growth is a long-term problem, not what's driving the deficits of this year or the next few years. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says "nearly 30,000" federal employees in Oregon were furloughed during the government shutdown.
Speaker: suzanne bonamici
About the speaker: Suzanne Bonamici is a member of the Oregon Senate. She is also the Democratic nominee to represent the state's 1st congressional district.
Date: October 12, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: economy;federal budget;jobs
Context: an opinion piece.
Fact-check justification: That was no doubt a huge strain on many households -- it certainly would be for ours -- and it’s good context. Bonamici said nearly 30,000 federal employees in Oregon were furloughed because of the government shutdown. Now it’s  that those nearly 30,000 federal employees in Oregon were affected by the shutdown, but they weren’t all furloughed. We’d love to have the full forthcoming analysis requested by the representative’s office, but even without its specifics, we know this statement isn’t accurate. We rate this statement .
Statement: If an Iranian woman shows too much hair in public, she risks being beaten or killed.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: September 22, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: the New York Sun
Fact-check justification: The McCain campaign did not provide any account — nor could we find any — of an Iranian woman being killed for improper hejab. If there are any such instances they are extremely isolated. So it was  for Palin to suggest beatings are punishment for immodesty in Iran. More to the point, the restrictions related to modesty are routinely flouted without consequence.  And her  that killing was a possible consequence of immodesty pushed her statement into the realm of outright falsehood.
Statement: Video suggests COVID-19 vaccines are responsible for breast cancer deaths in women under age 45 rising from 26,000 in 2021 to 297,000 in 2023.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 22, 2023
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram video suggests COVID-19 vaccines are responsible for breast cancer deaths in women younger than 45 rising from 26,000 in 2021 to 297,000 in 2023. But the statistics the video cites are not numbers of deaths. They are projected cases of cancer. And the 297,000 figure was projected cases (not deaths) from all age groups, not just 45 and younger. There’s no  that COVID-19 vaccines increase people’s cancer risk.  We rate the  .
Statement: Says President Donald Trump "thinks that $15 an hour minimum wage is too much for essential workers.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 24, 2020
Topics: workers
Context: Dallas, Pa
Fact-check justification: Biden said Trump "thinks that $15 an hour minimum wage is too much for essential workers."  Trump has expressed skepticism about a $15 minimum wage in the past, and his administration issued clear opposition to a $15 minimum wage bill that passed the House in 2019. However, in the debate held just a few days before Biden’s comment, Trump did say that he’d "consider it to an extent … in a second administration." Trump never spoke about people not deserving a wage, and he never specifically mentioned essential workers. His concern was that minimum wage increases could lead to job losses.  We rate Biden’s statement . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: The Clintons' foundation took millions from foreign governments" including United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia.
Speaker: american crossroads
About the speaker: American Crossroads is a 527 campaign committee that supports Republican candidates.
Date: February 23, 2015
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;foreign policy;negative campaigning
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: An American Crossroads web ad claimed, "the Clintons' foundation took millions from foreign governments" including "up to $5 million" from the United Arab Emirates and "up to $25 million" from Saudi Arabia. As we noted, it doesn’t violate campaign rules for a nonprofit philanthropy to accept donations from foreign governments. Over the years, the Clinton Foundation has taken millions of dollars from foreign governments. This includes between $1 million and $5 million from the United Arab Emirates and between $10 million and $25 million from Saudi Arabia. At least a portion of those donations came in 2014, after Clinton left the State Department and formally joined the family’s foundation that had previously been in her husband’s name alone. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Colorado Democratic congressional candidate Morgan Carroll "racked up $11 billion in new spending" in the state Legislature.
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: September 22, 2016
Location: colorado
Topics: state budget
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: The NRCC said Morgan Carroll "racked up $11 billion in new spending," implying that she had a key role in "nearly doubling the state budget." Carroll did vote for a $25 billion budget in 2015, but the Democrat was joined by a vast majority of lawmakers in a Republican-controlled Senate. The budget’s passage was hailed as a bipartisan accomplishment by both parties. Colorado lawmakers are restricted by law in how much they can increase the state budget. While the NRCC ad focuses on the total budget, lawmakers’ control is largely limited to the general fund, which in 2015 was 38.4 percent of the overall budget. The NRCC’s  ad  Carroll’s responsibility for the budget increase. We rule the statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/dcb1cf37-14c7-47c5-8465-1a0b9950a77c
Statement: Wisconsin has "the fastest-shrinking middle class in the country.
Speaker: mahlon mitchell
About the speaker: Mahlon Mitchell has served as president of the Professional Fire Fighters of Wisconsin union since January 2011. A Democrat, he lost to Republican Lt. Gov. Rebecca Kleefisch in Wisconsin's June 2012 recall elections. In November 2017, he announced his candidacy for governor in the 2018 election.
Date: November 19, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;income;states;workers
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Mitchell said Wisconsin has "the fastest-shrinking middle class in the country." Mitchell pointed to a report by Pew Charitable Trusts, which compared the states going back to 2000. Using Pew’s formula and running the latest-available data, we found Wisconsin ranked first in the shrinkage of the size of its middle class when comparing 2000 to 2016. But Mitchell made his statement while criticizing Walker, and during Walker’s tenure, Wisconsin’s shrinkage ranked 14th when comparing 2010 to 2016. For a statement that contains an element of  but needs clarification, our rating is .
Statement: It costs nearly five times as much in California to build and maintain a mile of road as it does in the rest of the nation.
Speaker: john cox
About the speaker: John Cox is a Republican businessman who lives in San Diego County. He is a candidate in the 2021 election to recall California Gov. Gavin Newsom. He ran and lost in the 2018 race for California governor.
Date: October 19, 2017
Location: california
Topics: state budget;states;the 2018 california governor's race;transportation
Context: a San Francisco Chronicle op-ed
Fact-check justification: Republican candidate for governor John Cox recently claimed it costs "nearly five times as much" in California to build and maintain a mile of road as it does in the rest of the nation. A study using 2009 data shows California spent 4.7 times as much per mile as the national average on roads. Updated data from 2013 shows the state’s spending still far above the national average at about 2.5 times the cost per mile, but far lower than Cox’s figure. Cox’s campaign staff told us the candidate relied on outdated information and would be updating this figure in future statements. While the candidate’s larger point about higher road spending in California appears to be correct, his specific  about it being "nearly five times" as much per mile is outdated and . We rate it .    –  The statement is not accurate. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. Governor’s race John Cox is among several candidates competing to succeed Jerry Brown in the 2018 California governor's race. Others include Republican state Assemblyman Travis Allen , Former Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa ; California Treasurer  John Chiang ; Delaine Eastin , the state’s former superintendent for public instruction; and  Gavin Newsom , the state’s current lieutenant governor. PolitiFact California is fact-checking claims in this race. See our "Tracking The " governor’s race fact-checks here . Tracking the : Hear a  you want fact-checked? Email us at  [email protected] , tweet us  @CAPolitiFact  or contact us on  Facebook .
Statement: Says John F. Kennedy said, "What if we go to heaven and we, all our lives, have treated the Negro as an inferior, and God is there, and we look up and He is not white? What then is our response?
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 6, 2019
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A questioner declared that few churches allow black Africans to pray with the white because the Bible says that is the way it should be, because God created Negroes to serve. "‘But suppose God is black,’ I replied. ‘What if we go to heaven and we, all our lives, have treated the Negro as an inferior, and God is there, and we look up and hs is not white? What then is our response?'"  The post named the  Kennedy. We rate this  .
Statement: My wife is going to be the first Hispanic first lady in the history of Texas.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: December 7, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;history;women
Context: an interview on Meet the Press
Fact-check justification: Greg Abbott said his wife would be "the first Hispanic first lady in the history of Texas." Cecilia Abbott, with Hispanic roots through her mother and grandmother, will be the first Hispanic first lady since statehood, which we take Abbott to be saying. Other Hispanic women were first ladies only before Texas was a state. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Florida sends $135 billion and D.C. returns $150 billion.
Speaker: debbie mayfield
About the speaker: Rep. Debbie Mayfield is the representative for District 54, which includes Vero Beach, Indian River Shores and parts of Fort Pierce.
Date: May 4, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget;medicaid;state budget;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Mayfield said, "Florida sends $135 billion and D.C. returns $150 billion." Tax policy experts told us the House’s numbers were one way to look at it, but different data sources could yield different totals. They also said such a comparison really doesn’t illustrate the nuances of what federal money is used for in Florida or why. We rate the statement .
Statement: Ronald Reagan did amnesty.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: January 5, 2008
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Manchester, N.H
Fact-check justification: Alas, the law failed to stop illegal immigration, and many critics of the law say the government never thoroughly regulated employers who skirted the law's requirements. This much is certain: If the law aimed to curb illegal immigration, it failed: When the law was passed, there were about 5-million illegal immigrants; now, there's an estimated 12-million. When Reagan signed the law, many predicted it would encourage the hiring of more migrants, especially outside of agriculture, and that this would spur the backlash against immigration that we're seeing today. Giuliani, it would seem, brought up Reagan's legacy to show how difficult the immigration issue is. In doing so, he didn't trip any alarms on the -O-Meter, which scores him a .