chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says the Obama administration was doing pattern-or-practice investigations of discrimination by police departments and "Donald Trump came in with Jeff Sessions and undid those.
Speaker: kamala harris
About the speaker: Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States. Harris was elected as a senator from California in 2016. She previously was California’s attorney general from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 until 2011, she was the district attorney of San Francisco. Harris received a bachelor’s degree in political science and economics from Howard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in December. On Aug. 11, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden named Harris as his running mate.
Date: June 1, 2020
Topics: criminal justice;legal issues
Context: a CNN interview
Fact-check justification: Harris said the Obama administration did pattern-or-practice investigations of discrimination by police departments and "Donald Trump came in with Jeff Sessions and undid those." Pattern-or-practice investigations into police departments were supported by the Obama administration and disfavored by the Trump administration. Obama’s administration initiated at least 25 investigations into law enforcement agencies. The Justice Department did not tell PolitiFact how many investigations it’s initiated under Trump, but our review of publicly available information showed there may have been one. Harris’ statement is accurate but needs clarification, we rate it .
Statement: I joined the Gang of 14, seven Republicans, seven Democrats, so that we wouldn't blow up the United States Senate. Sen. Obama had the opportunity to join that group. He chose not to.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: June 14, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a virtual town hall meeting
Fact-check justification: In an interview with the St. Petersburg Times on May 21, 2008, Obama was less generous in his assessment of the deal. "The Republicans like to emphasize the Gang of 14 because frankly the Republicans got everything they wanted out of that," Obama said. "I don't think it was a particularly good compromise." One can attach whatever significance one wants to McCain's statement, but the bottom line is that it's accurate. We rate it .
Statement: The typical black family in this country has one-tenth the wealth of the typical white family.
Speaker: ta-nehisi coates
About the speaker: Ta-Nehisi Coates is the author of bestselling books including “Between the World and Me,” about the plight of the African-American male in America, which won the National Book Award in 2015, and of the Marvel comics “The Black Panther” and “Captain America.”
Date: June 19, 2019
Topics: civil rights;wealth;punditfact
Context: congressional testimony
Fact-check justification: Coates said, "The typical black family in this country has one-tenth the wealth of the typical white family." The best way to measure typical wealth is with the median net worth, and the most recent figures are for 2016. The median net worth  — gross assets minus liabilities — for black families was $17,600, about one-tenth the wealth of white families, which was $171,000. We rate Coates’ statement .
Statement: Before 2005, "the percentage of" Texas high school "students meeting the college readiness standards of the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board stood at 28% in English and 42% in math. Those figures stood at 65% and 66% in 2013.
Speaker: don willett
About the speaker: Don R. Willett, a former state and federal government attorney, was appointed to the Texas Supreme Court in 2005 before winning election to the Place 2 seat in 2006 and again in 2012 before President Donald Trump nominated him to the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals in 2017. The Senate confirmed the nomination in December 2017. Willett was previously also widely known, and followed, for his Twitter posts though it was unknown if he’d continue tweeting as a federal appeals judge.
 
Date: May 13, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: children;education
Context: Texas school finance case
Fact-check justification: Willett, writing for the court majority, said that before 2005, "the percentage of" Texas high-school students meeting the coordinating board’s college readiness standards "stood at 28% in English and 42% in math. Those figures stood at 65% and 66% in 2013." This statement doesn’t acknowledge readiness metrics such as ACT or SAT scores. But it almost perfectly reflects the state’s tallies of high school graduates in 2004 and 2013 who scored high enough on state English and math tests to be considered college-ready. We rate the  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: First time in 70 years the National Day Of Prayer was not observed in our nation's capital!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 6, 2021
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Facebook posts  that, for the first time in 70 years, the 2021 National Day of Prayer wasn’t observed at the capital. There was no public prayer service held at the U.S. Capitol, as there has been in some years, but the day was still observed. Biden issued the typical presidential proclamation designating the day and participated in a virtual event in which he spoke to the power of prayer in his life. The Capitol building is closed to public tours amid the COVID-19 pandemic and has been operating under increased security ever since pro-Trump activists breached security and attacked the Capitol on Jan. 6. We rate this  .  Correction, May 19, 2021: A small prayer service was held at the U.S. Capitol on the National Day of Prayer in 2020, according to information provided by Rev. Patrick Mahoney. This fact-check has been updated to reflect that. The rating on this  remains unchanged.
Statement: Health care premiums for consumers have doubled since 2001.
Speaker: jay rockefeller
About the speaker: a Democratic U.S. Senator from West Virginia
Date: September 21, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: the newspaper Roll Call
Fact-check justification: However, if you read Rockefeller's language closely, he did say, "premiums for consumers have doubled" — and if you use the data for the employee-paid portion of health benefits by itself, he's right. For individuals, the employee cost rose from $355 to $779 and for families it rose from $1,787 to $3,515. The former jump is easily double, while the latter is just shy of double. Using this calculation, Rockefeller is right. We rate his assertion .
Statement: Among manufacturers with fewer than 50 employees, "the average cost in terms of regulations is $34,000 per employee.
Speaker: ben carson
About the speaker: Dr. Ben Carson is President Donald Trump's secretary for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. A retired pediatric neurosurgeon, Carson ran as a Republican for president in 2016. He owns homes in West Palm Beach and Maryland.
Date: October 29, 2015
Location: national
Topics: regulation;small business
Context: a Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Carson said that among manufacturers with fewer than 50 employees, "the average cost in terms of regulations is $34,000 per employee." Carson cited a figure from a 2014 report out of the National Association of Manufacturers. However, the methodology behind the report has some significant shortfalls, so it’s not necessarily reliable. We rate the  .
Statement: Image shows a fall revealing President Joe Biden's diaper.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 4, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) The original image , taken by Agence France-Presse photographer Brendan Smialowski, shows three people helping Biden up after he fell, and no diaper is visible.   Video footage of the event from other news outlets, such as ABC News, confirms that no diaper was revealed. Rather, Biden got up and walked back to his seat. We rate claims that this image is authentic … Diaper !
Statement: John McCain has said the economy is "not his strong suit.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: February 1, 2008
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Denver
Fact-check justification: That's why people like Phil Gramm, Tom Coburn and Warren Rudman and Carly Fiorina and the real strong economic minds, Jack Kemp, the real strong minds on the economy and conservatives on the economy are supporting me. Of course, I always have things to learn, and I continue to learn every day. But I'm very strong on the economy, and, frankly, my economic record is a lot stronger than that of the governor of Massachusetts when you look at his record as governor." McCain's explanation doesn't change the fact that he did say that economics was not his strong suit. In this instance, Romney is accurately quoting McCain's past remarks, so we find Romney's statement .
Statement: Elon Musk just fired the entire Twitter board of directors.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 28, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The deal won’t be final until shareholders vote to approve it. Twitter hasn’t said when that vote will take place, but there’s some speculation it could happen at the company’s annual meeting on May 25.   On April 18, before the board agreed to sell Twitter, Musk tweeted that director salaries "will be $0 if my bid succeeds," saving approximately $3 million annually.   But it’s not accurate that Musk just fired the board.   We rate that  .
Statement: Entire port in Delaware on lockdown? 60 plus kids in shipping containers.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 6, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Steve Sapp, a spokesperson for U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s mid-Atlantic region, including Delaware, told us the claims in this Facebook post are "bogus."  "Customs and Border Protection thoroughly investigated the  and found zero  to substantiate this  rumor," he said in an email.   We looked for information that might corroborate this Facebook post but found none. There was news coverage of this Facebook post, though —  fact-checks debunking these claims .  internet claims that prey on fears about human trafficking are central to the baseless QAnon conspiracy theory , which perpetuates the idea that the world is run by a cabal of Satan-worshipping pedophiles — including prominent Democrats and celebrities — and that President Donald Trump is working to expose them. We rate this post .
Statement: A photograph shows an undocumented immigrant with smallpox.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 3, 2019
Topics: immigration;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: He also shared other photos that showed cramped and unsanitary conditions in a Customs and Border Protections facility in South Texas. The photo that continues to be shared on Facebook shows a man with scabies, a treatable skin condition that can spread rapidly under crowded conditions. That particular outbreak was largely contained to migrants living in close quarters in detention centers, though a small handful of border patrol agents appeared to have contracted it. There is some  that diseases cross the border, but the Centers for Disease Control attributes that spread to legal crossings between the United States and Mexico, not illegal immigration. We rate this Facebook post as .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "voted twice" in the Nov. 3, 2020 election
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 24, 2020
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Election officials have procedures to prevent a voter from casting a ballot by mail and then voting in person.   In Palm Beach County, workers check in voters at polling sites using an electronic poll book. If a voter has already voted by mail, the voter won’t be allowed to vote a second time.   If a voter casts a ballot by mail, and then goes to vote in person before that completed mail in ballot has been received by the county, the mail-in ballot will eventually be rejected, Ashley Houlihan, general counsel for the Palm Beach Supervisor of Elections, previously told PolitiFact . RELATED: How to make sure your ballot is counted this fall We rate this  .
Statement: Says Fred Trump was arrested for "participating in KKK riot" in 1927.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 25, 2019
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A picture on Facebook claims Fred Trump was arrested for "participating" a KKK riot. Yes, Trump's father was arrested in connection with the KKK's appearance at a Memorial Day parade. The group's march led to a violent confrontation with police. However, there is not enough documentation to show Trump was participating. Unlike other men who were arrested that day, his charge was quickly dropped.  The post stretches what is known about the events that day to leave a  impression. We rate this .
Statement: Barack Obama, right now, No. 1, over seven years has dramatically degraded our military.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: January 28, 2016
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: a Fox News debate
Fact-check justification: Cruz said, "Barack Obama, right now, No. 1, over seven years has dramatically degraded our military." It’s  for Cruz to solely fault Obama for budget cuts as a result of sequestration. Both Democrats and Republicans share the blame for the budget negotiations that fell apart. Cruz’s statement contains an element of  in that military spending has decreased, but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this statement .
Statement: Nancy Pelosi, Adam Schiff, and the rest of the corrupt Democrats made a promise to their crazy left-wing base that they would impeach me even BEFORE I took office.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 14, 2019
Location: national
Topics: impeachment
Context: a Facebook ad
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Nancy Pelosi, Adam Schiff, and the rest of the corrupt Democrats made a promise to their crazy left-wing base that they would impeach me even BEFORE I took office." The Republican National Committee, on Trump’s behalf, cited no  of such promises and we did not find any. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: Outside of recall elections, "there's never been a public official removed from office" in Wisconsin "for anything but malfeasance in office.
Speaker: bob ryan
About the speaker: Bob Ryan was elected mayor of Sheboygan, Wis., a city on the shores of Lake Michigan 60 miles north of Milwaukee, in April 2009. He previously served three years on the Sheboygan Common Council.
Date: August 15, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: alcohol;city government
Context: a city council meeting
Fact-check justification: Ryan’s reference was not to recall elections or automatic removal, but removal by a governmental body such as a city council. Our sense is it’s likely the mayor was speaking of elected officials, and we could find only one instance, involving a judge, in which a removal was not for misconduct in office. We also found a school superintendent fired by a school board following the filing of criminal charges, but he did not hold an elected position. This is a statement we could revisit if more information surfaces; after all we’re talking about more than 150 years of history and countless governmental entities in Wisconsin. For now, we feel Ryan’s statement needs a little clarification, but is essentially accurate -- our definition of .
Statement: Says 1,000 people failed gun background checks in Wisconsin in 2018, but "almost none of them were prosecuted for trying to do a background check and illegally buy a weapon.
Speaker: robin vos
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Rep. Robin Vos, R-Rochester, has represented western Racine County in the state Assembly since 2004. In November 2012, he was elected Assembly speaker. Vos previously served on the Racine County Board of Supervisors, from 1994 to 2004.
Date: November 10, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: guns
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Vos said "almost none" of the 1,000 or so people failing a background check each in year in Wisconsin are prosecuted. It’s a lot more complicated  than it might seem. Indeed, on average only about two people per year are charged specifically with the crime of providing  information on a background check. Prosecutors say violators can also be charged with the more serious crime of being a felon in possession of a firearm — or attempting to do so. But anecdotally we found no  that this happens frequently. And, of course, failing a background check is only a crime if the applicant knew they were banned from having a gun. Add it all together and we get a statement that appears to be accurate, but it needs some additional information and clarification. That’s what we call .
Statement: The crowd (in Las Vegas) fled at the sound of gunshots. Imagine the deaths if the shooter had a silencer ...
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: October 2, 2017
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Hillary Clinton suggested gun silencers would have worsened the Las Vegas attack in a tweet. It’s certainly possible that silencers or suppressors could make some shootings worse than they would be otherwise. But the specifics of the Las Vegas shooting don’t fit that scenario. Experts told us it’s highly unlikely a silencer would have made the Las Vegas shooting even more deadly, because of the distance of the shooter from the crowds and because of the crowded, urban environment where the victims were targeted. Gun silencers can slightly lower the visual and sound impact of a shooter, but experts agreed the impact would have been negligible in the case of Las Vegas. We rate this statement . Clarification:  After this report was published, we added language to clarify that Langley was pointing to industry claims about the characteristics of suppressors.
Statement: Active shooter drill at high school in Uvalde, Texas, two months before the elementary school shooting shows the event was a false flag.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 26, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a video on Instagram
Fact-check justification: A video shared on Instagram claimed an active shooter drill at Uvalde High School two months before the Robb Elementary School shooting shows the event was a " flag." This is not . Active shooter trainings are common in schools across America. The fact that an active shooter training was held at Uvalde High School two months before the elementary school shooting does not mean that the death of 19 students and two teachers was a " flag" attack. We rate this  . RELATED: Fact-checking misinformation about the Uvalde school shooting
Statement: $100,000 in stimulus funds (were) used for a Martini Bar and Brazilian Steakhouse.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: February 17, 2010
Location: national
Topics: stimulus
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Construction of the building employed roughly 60 construction workers, McCush said, and the restaurant is expected to employ 30 people full time. The restaurant is scheduled to open in April. McConnell is largely on target with his  about the projects and the money they were awarded in stimulus funds. The application for money related to the martini bar has since been withdrawn, though it did initially receive the award. And so we rate this  .