chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Justices Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, and Barrett assured the Senate Judiciary Committee and the American people that Roe v. Wade was 'established precedent.'
Speaker: don beyer
About the speaker: Donald S. Beyer Jr. is the Democratic nominee for 8th District congressional seat Democrat in Northern Virginia. The seat has been occupied since 1992 by Democrat Jim Moran, who is not seeking reelection.
Beyer served two terms as Virginia's lieutenant governor from 1990 to 1998. He ran for governor in 1997 and lost to Republican Jim Gilmore. From 2009 to 2013, he was ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein.  
Beyer and his younger brother, Michael, are the owners of nine car dealerships in Northern Virginia.
Beyer was born in 1950 in Trieste, Italy, the son of a U.S. Army officer. He was raised in Washington, D.C. and graduated from Williams College, magna cum laude, with a degree in economics.
 
Date: May 2, 2022
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion;legal issues;supreme court
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Beyer’s statement about the judges — all of whom support a draft Supreme Court ruling that would overturn Roe — is correct, but comes with a caveat. While all three paid homage to precedence and described Roe as such during their confirmation hearings, none said precedents are untouchable or that Roe was cast in stone. When asked whether they considered Roe to be a "superprecedent," Barrett said no and Gorsuch didn’t answer directly. Kavanaugh, under questioning from an anti-abortion senator, said he would be willing to hear arguments that a precedent is . We rate Beyer’s statement .
Statement: Says "Nancy Pelosi has been executed.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 9, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The event was live streamed .   And on Aug. 13, Pelosi participated in a press conference at the Ethel Bradley Early Education Center in Los Angeles. Footage from that event posted on YouTube by Forbes shows her sitting among children with Rep. Maxine Waters.   Getty Images and Reuters each have photos of both press conferences.   We rate this post .
Statement: Donald Trump praises Colonel Sanders for his service in the Civil War.
Speaker: theredshtick.com
About the speaker: A parody news website based in Baton Rouge, La.
Date: May 2, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: an Internet post
Fact-check justification: As for the Sanders story, White said that it should be obvious that it’s fabricated, but these days satire can be difficult to distinguish from reality. "We earnestly endeavor to distinguish ourselves from peddlers of  news — devoid of any real humor or any attempt to speak  to power — who publish their fiction under the guise of satire," White said. "They only muddy our national discourse in the pursuit of easy clicks." Either way, Facebook readers should flag TheRedShtick.com as a satirical website and avoid it as a news source. We rate it .
Statement: The schools in my district don't have a kitchen.
Speaker: hannah kelly
About the speaker: Hannah Kelly is a Republican state representative from Missouri.
Date: January 29, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: disability
Context: an education budget hearing at the Missouri state capitol
Fact-check justification: Kelly said, "The schools in my district don't have a kitchen." The schools do have a kitchen and appliances but not commercial ones that would be found in a public school. The school does not have the resources or staff to be able to prepare meals for the students in the school and has to rely on local public schools to feed the students. We rate the  .
Statement: Roy Barnes "made Georgia dead last in education" and Georgia "led the nation in job losses.
Speaker: republican governors association
About the speaker: the gubernatorial campaign arm of the Republican Party.
Date: September 14, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: economy;education;message machine 2010
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: They were correct about the job losses. The  about Georgia being "dead last" in education is more troubling. The RGA ad needs more context, such as the College Board's warning, to understand the importance of the SAT rankings. The ACT must also be considered when looking at Georgia's education standing. We rate the RGA commercial on Barnes as .
Statement: Goat's milk is a good substitute for baby formula.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 17, 2022
Topics: agriculture;families;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Kimberly O’Brien, a professor of human nutrition at Cornell University, said on the school’s website that "in general, I would not advise replacing formula with goat’s milk or cow’s milk. These are not substitutes for human milk or formula." Jennifer Nicklas, director of the Louisiana Department of Health, told the Lafayette Daily Advertiser that "families should not substitute cow’s milk, goat’s milk, or plant-based milk for infant formula." A 2010 article in the Journal of Pediatrics described giving fresh goat’s milk to infants as a "dangerous practice" and cited anecdotal reports of "severe electrolyte abnormalities" and "allergic reactions including life-threatening anaphylactic shock," among other problems. We rate this post .
Statement: Says he has "been able to attract independents and Democrats to win" elections in Pennsylvania.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: December 29, 2011
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;elections;history
Context: an interview on NBC's "Today"
Fact-check justification: We come to a mixed verdict on Santorum’s  that he has "been able to attract independents and Democrats to win" elections in Pennsylvania. Santorum can point to solid  that he won over Democrats and independents in his two House races and in his wave-aided 1994 Senate election. However, since many of the conservative Democrats, including those in his home district, have either left the Democratic Party or voted increasingly for Republicans over the last quarter century, it’s not clear how relevant this fact is in bolstering the case that Santorum can win votes from disaffected Obama Democrats in 2012. Meanwhile, Santorum lost badly statewide among Democrats in 2000 and 2006, and while he won independents in 2000, he lost them by a large margin in the Democratic wave of 2006. If anything, the general trend is that Santorum has done less well among Democrats and independents over time, and as he’s run for bigger political offices. On balance, we rate his statement .
Statement: The White House has "refused" international help in dealing with the oil spill.
Speaker: george lemieux
About the speaker: George LeMieux is a former U.S. Senator from Florida. He was appointed by Gov. Charlie Crist in 2009 to fill the unexpired term of Sen. Mel Martinez and served until January 2011.
Date: June 16, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: environment;energy;oil spill
Context: an interview on CNN and a posting on Twitter
Fact-check justification: That's in contrast to LeMieux's statement, which is that the White House has "refused" international aid. But it's also clear the United States has either struggled to act on offers of foreign aid, or that processing the requests has been delayed. Japan, Sweden and Norway are all prepared to send resources or manpower to the Gulf should the U.S. sign off. Other countries also are willing to help, but have been kept on the sidelines. Taking that into account, we'll rate LeMieux's statement .
Statement: Thanks to successful federal, state, and local efforts, preliminary statistics show opioid overdose deaths are down 8.5% in West Virginia.
Speaker: shelley moore capito
About the speaker: Shelley Moore Capito is a U.S. Representative from West Virginia and a Republican candidate for U.S. Senate.
Date: January 22, 2019
Location: west virginia
Topics: drugs;public health
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Capito tweeted, "Thanks to successful federal, state, and local efforts, preliminary statistics show opioid overdose deaths are down 8.5% in West Virginia." This number appears in a USA Today article that summarized CDC data, and other CDC data shows even sharper declines. That’s the good news. However, Capito misidentified the figure as opioid overdose deaths specifically, rather than overdose deaths from all drugs. In addition, a more detailed analysis shows that while prescription opioid overdose deaths are down, overdose deaths from synthetic opioids are up. This suggests a more complicated outlook for the state’s overall overdose problem. We rate the statement .
Statement: ...Virginia, more than any other state, had the steepest drop in the number of abortions between 2011 and 2017.
Speaker: the family foundation
About the speaker: The Family Foundation is a non-profit organization that lobbies for socially conservative policies in Virginia. Founded in 1985, the group has pushed for abortion restrictions, a constitutional amendment declaring marriage must be between a man and a woman, charter schools and conscience clauses for people peacefully exercising religious beliefs. 
Date: July 9, 2020
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion
Context: a blog
Fact-check justification: The Family Foundation says "Virginia, more than any other state, had the steepest drop in the number of abortions between 2011 and 2017." It attributes its information to the Guttmacher Institute. According to Guttmacher, there were 27,110 abortions in Virginia in 2011, and 17,210 in 2017. That’s a huge 37 percent decrease - double the national average. But it wasn’t the largest drop among states. It ranked fourth. So we rate the Family Foundation’s statement .
Statement: Military Arrests Biden's Sec. of Agriculture Tom Vilsack.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 29, 2022
Location: national
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: A spokesperson for the U.S. Department of Agriculture confirmed to PolitiFact in an email that claims of Vilsack’s arrest are "" and highlighted our previous reporting about Real Raw News’ methods and history of fabrications. Patricia Babb, public affairs officer for the Navy Judge Advocate General’s Corps, also said the  is .   We rate it ! RELATED: Hangings, guillotines and Gitmo: Going behind Real Raw News’ sensational (and fabricated) headlines
Statement: In Austin, Texas, the average homeowner is paying about $1,300 to $1,400 just for recapture," meaning funds spent in non-Austin school districts.
Speaker: kirk watson
About the speaker: Kirk Watson, who initially won his seat in the Texas Senate in 2006, was previously mayor of Austin. Earlier, he served on the Texas Air Control Board, precursor to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. He was the 2002 Democratic nominee for Texas attorney general.
Date: November 29, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a panel discussion about the 2017 legislative session
Fact-check justification: Watson said the average Austin homeowner pays about $1,300 to $1,400 just for recapture, as in funds ultimately spent in other districts. By the Austin district’s analysis, the owners of a home at the district’s average taxable value for 2016-17 stands to pay $1,355 in school property taxes toward the district’s more than $400 million recapture payment for the year. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.   https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/f5103bc2-4b1f-4b8e-9d32-d1795f788004
Statement: She is the only candidate who has stood by our community and immigration reform from the beginning.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: April 16, 2016
Location: rhode island
Topics: immigration
Context: spanish
Fact-check justification: Hillary's campaign can trace her support back to law school. As for the "beginning" for Sanders, we don't know what positions he took as a young socialist, but we can track his immigration record back to beginning of his legislative career in Washington. Sanders' voting record and his immigration reform plan show consistent support for a path to citizenship, despite his opposition to the 2007 bill. And remember, Clinton herself seemed to stumble on drivers' licenses in 2007. Because the statement contains some element of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it .
Statement: You can't get on an airplane, but more than 2,000 people on that list have been able to buy a gun.
Speaker: john garamendi
About the speaker: John Garamendi is a Democrat who represents California's 3rd congressional district.
Date: June 22, 2016
Location: california
Topics: terrorism;guns
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Rep. John Garamendi said this week "You can’t get on an airplane, but more than 2,000 people on that list have been able to buy a gun." He appears to be talking about the TSA’s ‘no fly’ list. Garamendi connected the right number with the  register. His  has a wisp of  in that people on the larger terrorist watch list, including the much smaller no fly list, have made more than 2,000 successful firearm purchases over the past decade. But it strains reason, and seems mathematically impossible, that most of those purchases came from people on the no fly list. We rate Garamendi’s  .    – The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Cook County's criminal courts "have been shut down for 15 months.
Speaker: lori lightfoot
About the speaker: Lori Lightfoot is the 56th mayor of Chicago. Prior to taking office in May 2019, she worked as an attorney and previously served as president of the Chicago Police Board, a civilian body responsible for deciding disciplinary matters involving allegations of police misconduct.
Date: June 28, 2021
Location: illinois
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: remarks at a press conference
Fact-check justification: Lightfoot said Cook County’s criminal courts "have been shut down for 15 months." Her office did not respond with  to back that up. In the past, Lightfoot has more narrowly claimed criminal trials were not being held in Cook County. Even if that was what she intended to say here, it would still be  because jury trials resumed this year in late March and bench trials were held on a limited basis during the pandemic. What’s more, research shows most criminal cases never make it to trial. Instead, they are resolved by other means, such as guilty pleas or dismissals — all of which have continued in Cook County during the pandemic. We rate Lightfoot’s  .  — The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Photo shows a woman who is wanted for impersonating a nurse and kidnapping an infant from a local U.S. hospital.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 12, 2022
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: There was a more recent case of a woman impersonating a nurse and trying to kidnap an infant in the United States, according to authorities in Riverside County, California, but it does not appear to be related to the incident described in this Facebook image. On July 14, two days after this Facebook post was published, a woman entered a hospital there posing as a newly hired nurse, the Los Angeles Times reported . She tried to take the infant and then fled, but was later arrested, the sheriff’s office said. Posts that recycle an old image from the Philippines and  that it shows a woman who is currently wanted in the U.S. for kidnapping from a hospital are . We rate them .
Statement: Says the current survival rate for COVID-19 in the U.S. is "98.54%
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 14, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says the "current survival rate for COVID-19 in the US is 98.54%." This is problematic for several reasons. In an ongoing pandemic with incomplete numbers, mortality rates should be viewed with caution. There are a slew of factors to take into account such as variations among demographic groups that skew data, a lack of testing, and the number of active cases.  Even discounting these factors, based on current projections, the 98.54% figure is . If you include all the confirmed cases, the number is about 94%. And while both numbers may sound high, they indicate a fatality rate that is more than 10 times that of the seasonal flu.   Ultimately, declaring an accurate U.S. survival rate will be difficult until most cases are resolved and more complete and accurate data is released. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important information, we rate this .
Statement: We know that every 85 visitors create one Florida job.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: February 28, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: economy;jobs;tourism
Context: a press release touting a state tourism program
Fact-check justification: Those figures may not exactly create an 85:1 ratio, but Torian said the governor was likely relying on previous numbers from 2007 when 84.5 million visitors made their way to the Sunshine State. The 85 tourists creating one job is a figure that has also been used in the past by Visit Florida executives such as this February 2011 press release . Scott said, "We know that every 85 visitors create one Florida job." While the number of tourists may have dropped off some since 2007, the proportion of tourism-driven jobs to tourists is still close to the ratio he touted. We rate this  .
Statement: In the United Kingdom, "Charles cedes throne to William immediately.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 18, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In a statement issued Feb. 5, the day before the 70th anniversary of the queen’s accession to the throne, Elizabeth thanked people for their support and said, "When, in the fullness of time, my son becomes king, I know you will give him and his wife, Camilla the same support that you have given me. "  She said that it was her "sincere wish" that Camilla be known as "queen consort. "  The laws are in Elizabeth’s favor, the Post noted, especially the 1701 Act of Settlement, "which states that the monarch’s heir must be the monarch’s direct successor." The paper spoke to Robert Hazel, a government and constitution professor at the University College London, who said that when Charles made his personal declaration as part of his accession ceremony, his wording "indicated very clearly that he expects to be king for the rest of his life. "  Claims that Charles is ceding the throne to William rate .
Statement: If you get the COVID-19 vaccine, you can't donate blood or plasma "because it's completely tainted.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: April 30, 2021
Location: national
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a TikTok video
Fact-check justification: In a TikTok video, a man said he was told by a staff member at the American Red Cross that a person vaccinated against COVID-19 can’t donate plasma, because their blood has been completely tainted.  The Red Cross refuted this statement, saying that a vaccinated person can indeed donate blood if they know who manufactured their vaccine and they are healthy. If the person doesn’t know who manufactured the vaccine, they must wait two weeks before donating. All COVID-19 vaccines, including the J&J shot, are safe for blood donations.  We rate this post .
Statement: Following Hurricane Ida, animals from Turtle Back Zoo in New Jersey are "fleeing the premises.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 1, 2021
Topics: natural disasters ;public safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Turtle Back Zoo thanked people for their concern on Twitter . "There was no loss of power and all of our animals and animal areas weathered the storm well and remain safe and secure within the facility," the zoo wrote. A social media  warned of animals that escaped from New Jersey’s Turtle Back Zoo during Tropical Storm Ida. Both the zoo and Essex County executive said that didn’t happen. We rate this  !
Statement: Oklahoma's Republican Gov. Mary Fallin signed a new law which makes you pay a special fee. It will essentially fine people for the crime of using solar power.
Speaker: rachel maddow
About the speaker: Rachel Maddow is the host of MSNBC’s “The Rachel Maddow Show”. She formerly hosted a radio program of the same name on the defunct Air America network.
Date: April 21, 2014
Topics: environment;energy;punditfact
Context: a segment on 'The Rachel Maddow Show'
Fact-check justification: Maddow said, "Oklahoma's Republican Gov. Mary Fallin signed a new law which makes you pay a special fee. It will essentially fine people for the crime of using solar power." The law does not make you pay a special fee for using solar power, as Maddow said. What it does do is open the door to a potential fee -- if utility companies can prove that solar and wind customers are being subsidized by other energy consumers. We’re a ways from knowing whether the utilities can make their case and what fee might be assessed. The law does not affect the ability of Oklahoma solar and wind customers to sell excess energy they produce to lower their monthly bill, and even advocates of solar energy say Maddow’s segment missed news in Fallin’s executive order, which stressed "this bill does not mandate tariffs or other increases" for people who generate alternative energy. Maddow’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .