chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Video shows a Philadelphia poll worker committing election fraud.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 10, 2022
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: This is another example of dangerous misinformation. "  We reached out to the clerk’s office in Dane County, where Madison is the county seat, and didn’t immediately hear back.   But Dane County Clerk Scott McDonell previously told Madison news station Channel 3000 that the poll worker in the clip was marking ballots to show in which ward the ballots were cast. Poll workers are required to circle the ward number and initial it for verification, the station noted.   We rate claims that this video shows a Philadelphia poll worker committing fraud !
Statement: State government spending is at an all-time high. The state is on track to spend more in this fiscal year — more than $17.9 billion — than at any time in state history.
Speaker: oklahoma council of public affairs
About the speaker: The Oklahoma Council of Public Affairs is free-market think tank modeled after the Heritage Foundation.
Date: October 5, 2017
Location: national
Topics: state budget
Context: the "Tulsa World"
Fact-check justification: The Oklahoma Council of Public Affairs said that spending this year is on track to be the highest ever. While the raw numbers show that, the statement ignores the impact of inflation, a standard practice when comparing dollars over time. Factoring in inflation shows that real spending was higher in 2009 to 2011. When population and economic growth are added in, spending has been higher over most of the past decade. The statement contains an element of  but it ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  .
Statement: In 67 different ways, Governor McCrory has raised taxes on middle income families.
Speaker: roy cooper
About the speaker: Roy Cooper, a Democrat, is the governor of North Carolina. Previously he was the attorney general, a state senator and a state representative.
Date: October 11, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: economy;workers;taxes
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Cooper said that "in 67 different ways, Governor McCrory has raised taxes on middle income families." We find his tally of the tax increases to be correct, yet many of them will affect only small groups of people in any given year. And Cooper cherry-picks by leaving out the substantial reduction in the income tax rate, which applied broadly to people at all income levels, even though it did  help the wealthy. We rate his  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/813496b5-36a6-4835-af57-1d9dc2393194
Statement: A mansion in photo is Joe Biden's house.
Speaker: eric trump
About the speaker: Eric Trump is the second son of President Donald Trump and his former wife Ivana Trump. He is the executive vice president of the Trump Organization.
Date: October 17, 2020
Topics: congress;public service
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The Trump campaign didn’t respond to requests for comment. Our ruling  The tweet claimed that a photo of a Delaware mansion was Biden’s current home, and appears to question how he paid for the property with a senator’s salary. Biden bought the mansion in 1975 for $185,000, when his salary was about $42,500, then sold it in 1996 for $1.2 million after a renovation. He does not live there. We rate this  .
Statement: The 30 percent tax rate called for under President Barack Obama's proposed Buffett Rule "is lower than the prescribed tax rate for millionaires already -- not just for millionaires, for people making over $200,000.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: April 12, 2012
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Exeter, N.H
Fact-check justification: In the speech, Biden mixed and matched two different types of tax rates -- marginal tax rates, which refer to the rate paid on the last dollar of income, and effective tax rates, which refer to the percentage of income someone ultimately paid in taxes. When Biden says the rate required by the Buffett Rule "is lower than the prescribed tax rate for millionaires already," he’s comparing the percentage of income paid as taxes (the Buffett Rule) to a marginal tax rate ("the prescribed tax rate for millionaires already"). Making this comparison is mixing apples and oranges. In the meantime, if you look at the effective tax rates paid by the two groups he’s talking about, he’s right that millionaires already have an effective tax rate of at least 30 percent, assuming their income doesn’t include capital gains -- but he’s  when he says that taxpayers earning $200,000 do. In fact, taxpayers would have to have much higher taxable incomes before facing that rate -- $617,000 for married couples and $465,000 for individuals. Overall, Biden’s  is a mixture of accurate and  information. We rate it .
Statement: If the state turns down money for high-speed rail, it will "kill nearly 10,000 permanent Wisconsin jobs.
Speaker: sierra club
About the speaker: Sierra Club is a grassroots environmental organization.
Date: November 4, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs;transportation
Context: Wisconsin
Fact-check justification: Their number is taken from a professional analysis, but that analysis is based on a host of assumptions -- including that an entire Midwest network is built -- many of which could change. And while the Sierra Club suggests the jobs are an immediate loss, the report itself puts them years into the future. The -O-Meter isn’t a crystal ball. But it’s got a present-day rating that fits this : . ( Note : Paragraph three of this item was changed on Nov. 16, 2010 to more closely reflect what Mayor Barrett has said in regard to the train and the city's options.)
Statement: Says Bernie Sanders would "go beyond reform and reorder the economy in ways most Democrats — let alone most Americans — don't support.
Speaker: pete buttigieg
About the speaker: Pete Buttigieg is the Transportation secretary under President Joe Biden. Buttigieg was elected mayor of South Bend, Ind., in 2011 and was re-elected in 2015. He decided not to seek re-election and his term ended in January 2020. From 2009 to 2017, he served in the U.S. Navy Reserve and was a lieutenant. He received a bachelor’s degree in history and literature from Harvard College and a first-class honors bachelor’s degree in philosophy, politics and economics from Pembroke College as a Rhodes Scholar. He ran for president in the 2020 Democratic primaries.
Date: February 22, 2020
Location: vermont
Topics: environment;economy;energy;families;financial regulation;health care;jobs;workers
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Buttigieg said that Sanders would "go beyond reform and reorder the economy in ways most Democrats — let alone most Americans — don’t support." In reality, polling consistently shows that most Democrats do approve of key parts of Sanders’ economic agenda, including single-payer health care, the Green New Deal, tuition-free college, student debt forgiveness, a $15 minimum wage, breaking up big banks, and paid family leave. And for each of those issues except single-payer health care, a more modest percentage of all Americans — but still a majority — signal their support. It’s important to note, however, that support levels by all Americans drop significantly once voters are informed about the policies’ costs, often to majority disapproval. And on health care policy, Buttigieg’s plan — the public option to buy into Medicare — is more popular than Sanders’ single-payer proposal is, both among all voters and among Democrats. We rate the statement .
Statement: From the release of a child rapist from the Dominican Republican to that of an Italian drug smuggler, Philadelphians have already been put in direct danger by Mayor Kenney's policy of blocking local law enforcement from participating with federal immigration authorities.
Speaker: joe defelice
About the speaker: Philadelphia Republican City Committee Chairman
Date: January 25, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: immigration;city government;homeland security;crime
Fact-check justification: Philly GOP Chair Joe DeFelice said in a statement, "From the release of a child rapist from the Dominican Republican (sic) to that of an Italian drug smuggler, Philadelphians have already been put in direct danger by Mayor Kenney’s policy of blocking local law enforcement from participating with federal immigration authorities." Of the two examples given, one man who DeFelice is referring  was released before Kenney’s time. Plus, whether the release of these men poses a "direct danger" raises questions. Recent data analysis shows that sanctuary counties are not more dangerous. Can we extrapolate that Dalloco returned to drug smuggling? According to court records, Dalloco wasn’t charged with any crimes in Philadelphia before ICE rearrested him in August 2016, which was two months after his release. ICE confirmed that Dalloco was deported that September. DeFelice’s statement is presumptive. We rule this  .
Statement: Well over 90 percent of felony cases, all over the nation, are committed by defendants who grew up in father-absent households.
Speaker: john duncan
About the speaker: The former judge has represented Tennessee's 2nd Congressional District since the 1980s.
Date: April 13, 2013
Location: national
Topics: children;families;legal issues;crime
Context: a letter to a constituent
Fact-check justification: The data we found supports Duncan’s impression that growing up in a fatherless home is one of the factors that contributes to eventual incarceration. But the quantitative research does not show the near-certain link between felonies and fatherlessness that Duncan portrays. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Mandela Barnes "supports stripping health care away from millions.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: August 24, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;medicare;public health
Context: News release
Fact-check justification: The NRSC claimed Barnes "supports stripping health care away from millions." Although Barnes has voiced support for Medicare for All — along with a menu of other health care reforms and changes — the  vastly overstates what is involved, raising fears for those who hear it that they may wind up with no insurance. Such a proposal would dramatically change the nation’s health care system, which now centers on employer-provided coverage through private insurers, but it would ultimately provide health care for millions more, not millions fewer. We rate the  .
Statement: Recovery.gov listed congressional districts that "do not exist.
Speaker: jeff miller
About the speaker: Jeff Miller is the Congressman for Florida's 1st Congressional District, which includes Pensacola and parts of the Florida panhandle.
Date: November 19, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus;workers
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: We also looked into whether Democratic districts received more money than Republican districts , and rated that statement . Here, we're verifying Miller's statement that Recovery.gov listed congressional districts that do not exist. That was indeed the case until news reports brought attention to the  data. Officials removed the data the evening before Miller posted his newsletter, so that now the jobs and money are attributed to "unassigned congressional district." So we rate Miller's statement .
Statement: If the Trans-Pacific Partnership "is fast-tracked through the Senate, it won't receive a committee assignment" and the consideration will include "no debate.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: November 26, 2013
Location: national
Topics: trade
Context: a chain email
Fact-check justification: The chain email said that "if the treaty (the Trans-Pacific Partnership) is fast-tracked through the Senate, it won't receive a committee assignment" and the agreement will have "no debate." The procedures laid out in the Trade Act of 1974 are designed to streamline the process of enacting trade agreements, but the process does in fact include committee consideration and floor debate. We rate the  .
Statement: Two weeks after signing a taxpayer protection pledge, (Charlie Crist) breaks it.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: May 28, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: public health;state budget;taxes
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: In a new Web ad, the state GOP portrayed Crist as a man who didn’t keep his word when it comes to raising taxes. The record there is pretty clear. Crist signed a pledge saying he would oppose efforts to increase taxes, yet signed a budget that included a $1-a-pack cigarette tax. However, the state Republican Party went unnecessarily far when it tried to say that it took Crist just two weeks to break that promise. The pledge he signed two weeks before approving the cigarette tax did not apply. We rate the Republicans’  .
Statement: The NRA supported background checks...
Speaker: kathleen murphy
About the speaker: Kathleen Murphy is president of Johnson Murphy & Associates, a McLean-based consulting firm that advises businesses and nonprofits in strategic counseling and legislative strategies.
She is running for delegate from the 34th District.
Date: November 18, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: guns
Context: a campaign website
Fact-check justification: Murphy said the NRA once supported background checks. It’s correct that LaPierre, the group’s executive director, did testify after the 1999 Columbine tragedy that the NRA supported "mandatory instant criminal background checks for every sale." But Murphy’s version of that event is rosy. There were caveats to LaPierre’s statement and many gun control advocates later that year would accuse the NRA of scuttling legislation to expand background tests. So Murphy’s statement is accurate, but needs more information. We rate it .
Statement: For most black people in the history of this country … it was illegal to pass as a white person. You were actually put in jail if you tried to pass.
Speaker: michael skolnik
About the speaker: Michael Skolnik is Russell Simmons’ political director and the president of GlobalGrind.com
Date: June 16, 2015
Topics: civil rights;criminal justice;history;race and ethnicity;punditfact
Context: comments on CNN
Fact-check justification: Skolnik said that "for most black people in the history of this country who passed, it was illegal to pass as a white person. You were actually put in jail if you tried to pass." Skolnik said he was referring to the Fugitive Slave Acts, which could result in prison time for runaway slaves until they were returned to their owner. But those acts had nothing to do with passing as white, as slaves were considered property.  Post-Civil War Jim Crow laws did not include passing as white as a crime that could send someone to jail. However, blacks exposed as passing as white would be treated like other blacks under the law. And that, depending on the crime, could result in imprisonment.  Skolnik’s statement is partially accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Malia Obama suspended after racist anti-white attack goes viral.
Speaker: only politics
About the speaker: Only Politics is a website with headlines supportive of President Donald Trump.
Date: April 9, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a website
Fact-check justification: Harvard media relations did not respond to our query. We found no news reports that Malia Obama had been suspended from Harvard. Malia and Sasha Obama, the daughters of former President Barack Obama, have been the subject of multiple  news stories, including that Malia was "among 10 arrested in racist Antifa attack" and that she was expelled from Harvard , and that Sasha drove an expensive car into a lake . It is a hoax that Malia Obama was suspended from Harvard for writing a paper imagining a world without white people. We rate this  .
Statement: Most research shows that (UW salaries) are a little behind, and (in) some areas we're behind more than others.
Speaker: ray cross
About the speaker: Raymond W. (Ray) Cross, Ph.D., began his appointment as the seventh president of the University of Wisconsin System on February 15, 2014. Previously, Cross served as chancellor of the University of Wisconsin Colleges and University of Wisconsin-Extension from February 2011 through February 2014.
Date: May 26, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Cross said "Most research shows that (UW salaries) are a little behind, and (in) some areas we're behind more than others." The peer institutions Cross was referring to have been well established. And the salary numbers show he is on target, even when cost-of-living differences between various states and cities are factored in. We rate his  .
Statement: Only after news broke that our veterans are dying because of inadequate health care did Harry Reid and Senate Democrats take action.
Speaker: bill cassidy
About the speaker: Bill Cassidy, a Republican, represents a Louisiana disrict in the U.S. House of Representatives. He challenged incumbent Democratic Sen. Mary Landrieu in 2014.
Date: June 5, 2014
Location: national
Topics: veterans
Context: a statement on his website
Fact-check justification: Cassidy said that "only after news broke that our veterans are dying because of inadequate health care did Harry Reid and Senate Democrats take action." That’s not accurate. Democrats tried to pass an expansive veterans’ bill that included funding for the same 27 new clinics that Cassidy and the House passed last December. The bill was blocked by Senate Republicans, who were concerned about its funding and its scope. They also wanted to include sanctions against Iran. It’s fine for Cassidy to say Democrats bear some responsibility for not taking up the simpler House legislation, but it’s  for him to  that it took the scandal to propel Democrats into efforts to pass a VA bill. That’s revisionist history, so we rate Cassidy’s statement .
Statement: President Obama in November of last year wiped away (a program) that allows for shared fingerprinting for those who are behind bars so you know who is here legally and illegally.
Speaker: harris faulkner
About the speaker: Harris Faulkner is the anchor of FOX News Channel’s Fox Report Weekend and is a rotating panelist on FNC’s Outnumbered.
 
Date: July 6, 2015
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "Outnumbered" on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Faulkner said that Obama ended Secure Communities, a program that used fingerprint sharing to identify people in the country illegally. She is correct that Obama ended that program, but outside experts and ICE itself told us that the process of sharing fingerprints and identifying people who are not supposed to be in America continues. What ended was the deportation process that was at the center of Secure Communities. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out a lot of important information. So we rate it . Correction:  Kathryn Steinle, the woman slain in San Francisco was in town to visit a sister-in-law who was expecting. The original report had that Steinle was expecting.
Statement: For every dollar we spend on actual peace creation, we spend over $1,000 on ways to prepare for war.
Speaker: marianne williamson
About the speaker: Marianne Williamson is an American self-help author, spiritual leader and politician. In 2014, Williamson unsuccessfully ran as an independent for California's 33rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives. Williamson is a Democratic candidate in the 2024 presidential election.
Date: April 4, 2019
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Williamson said: "For every dollar we spend on actual peace creation, we spend over $1,000 on ways to prepare for war." Experts told us that  — depending on how you define the vague terms of peace creation and preparing for war  — it’s possible to show a ratio that large in federal spending. But other calculations put the ratio well below 1,000 to 1. Williamson’s comment suggests a precision that doesn’t exist. We rate the statement .
Statement: Go look at a Trump product. They're all made in China.
Speaker: thomas perez
About the speaker: Thomas E. Perez was chosen as the chairman of the Democratic National Committee on Feb. 25, 2017. Previously he was nominated by President Barack Obama to serve as Secretary of Labor and was sworn in on July 23, 2013. He previously served as the Secretary of Maryland's Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation.
Date: June 18, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: china
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Perez said Trump’s products are "all made in China." There’s an element of  to his statement in that Trump clearly relies on China to produce many products -- ties, shirts, cuff links, sport coats, jackets, lamps, eyeglasses and mirrors. That buttresses the labor secretary’s broader point that Trump relies on foreign labor to produce much of his product line. But Perez goes too far in saying all of Trump’s products are made in China. They come from a lot of other places as well. We rate his hyperbolic  statement .
Statement: Smallville star confesses she sold children to Rothschilds and Clintons.
Speaker: the newly press
About the speaker: The Newly Press is a website. 
Date: April 29, 2018
Topics: fake news;crime;pop culture;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: A headline said, "Smallville star confesses she sold children to Rothschilds and Clintons." Actress Allison Mack was indicted for sex trafficking, but the allegation that she confessed to selling children to the Rothschilds and Clintons is clickbait and fictional. Mack has pleaded not guilty. We rate this statement .