chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The health care law is "job killing.
Speaker: eric cantor
About the speaker: Eric Cantor is a former congressman who represented Virginia's 7th District from 2001 to 2014. He rose to House minority whip in 2009 and House majority leader in 2011. Cantor was upset by Dave Brat in the 2014 GOP primary for congress. He is now vice chairman and managing director of Moelis & Company, a global investment bank.
 
 
 
Date: January 19, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;health care
Context: a bill introduced on the House floor
Fact-check justification: It implies that job losses will be one of the most significant effects of the law. But they have flimsy  to back it up. The phrase suggests a massive decline in employment, but the data doesn't support that. The Republican  is extrapolated from a report that was talking about a reduction in the labor supply rather than the loss of jobs, or based on measures that weren't included in the final health care law. We rate the statement .
Statement: This year, we're off to our best private-sector jobs growth since 1999.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 30, 2013
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: Chattanooga, Tenn
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "This year, we're off to our best private-sector jobs growth since 1999." The official statistics show that more jobs were created in the first six months of 2013 than in any equivalent period going back to 1999, but it’s worth noting that three other years came very close to the amount gained in 2013 -- so close that they were within the survey’s margin of error. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Members of Congress "have not reduced their salaries ... since the Great Depression," meaning they've gone "eight decades without a pay cut.
Speaker: ann kirkpatrick
About the speaker: Ann Kirkpatrick is a Democratic U.S. representative from Arizona’s 1st congressional district. She served one term, from 2009 to 2011, and was defeated for re-election by Republican Paul Gosar, before being elected again in 2013. 
Date: April 28, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: a speech on the House floor
Fact-check justification: But it does make it hard for her to argue that lawmakers have gone "eight decades without a pay cut." In reality, congressional salaries have zig-zagged quite a bit over the years, sometimes exceeding today's level of purchasing power and sometimes falling short. We're not shedding tears for the buying power of people who earn more than $170,000 a year. But the erratic way that Congress has raised its salaries means that the story is more complicated than Kirkpatrick portrays it. We rate her statement .
Statement: Onion Creek's highest flow rate" on a recent night of flooding "was 120,000 cubic feet per second, which is nearly double the average flow rate of Niagara Falls.
Speaker: city of austin
About the speaker: Austin, the capital of Texas, is a city in Central Texas.
Date: November 6, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;water
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The city said Onion Creek’s highest flow rate of 120,000 cubic feet per second during a recent flood nearly doubled the average flow of Niagara Falls. We didn’t find a time-stamped, ribbon-wrapped figure for the average flow rate of Niagara Falls. But the city’s declared "highest" flow rate of the creek was 20 percent greater--not nearly double--the average flow rate of the falls as estimated by a federal expert who based his assessment on the flow rate in tourist season. The creek’s actual highest flow rate that day, of 134,000 cubic feet per second, was 34 percent greater. This  has an element of ; the creek briefly ran faster than Niagara Falls on average. But the press release understated the creek’s highest flow and also gave an unsourced figure for the average flow of the falls. We rate the statement as . CLARIFICATION , 1:30 p.m., Nov. 18, 2013 : We amended this article to clarify that an official's estimate of the flow rate of Niagara Falls was based on the flow when tourists are typically there. We also added information collected after we published this article indicating that there is an equation supporting the idea that the falls' minimum average flow rate is about 66,000 cubic feet per second. Our rating did not change.  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: There's no wildlife" in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
Speaker: dave weldon
About the speaker: Dave Weldon is a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives who is running for the U.S. Senate.
Date: June 17, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: environment;energy
Context: a statement on Central Florida News 13’s 'Political Connections'
Fact-check justification: Weldon acknowledged his overstatement in an interview with PolitiFact Florida but stood by his observations gathered from a congressional trip through the refuge in the 1990s. "There’s more wildlife in your backyard than that area where they want to drill," he said. We won’t argue with relative statements, but Weldon got it  when he said there is no wildlife in ANWR. We rate his  !
Statement: USA Today reported that "5 children have gone missing inside a Chuck E. Cheese.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 17, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram. ) We found no such headline on USA Today’s website, nor any  that the newspaper reported on children missing at the restaurant, which has nearly 600 locales in the U.S. and abroad. Searching for the headline online led us to meme websites — not credible news reports or other sources corroborating the supposed headline.   We did find a 2020 USA Today story that used the same photo of a Chuck E. Cheese sign as the one that appeared in the Instagram post, but that article was about 34 of the chain restaurant’s locations closing.   We rate claims that five children disappeared at a Chuck E. Cheese restaurant !
Statement: The number of uninsured people in Massachusetts is about the same as it was when the mandates were passed in 2006.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: April 2, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: health care;states
Context: a column
Fact-check justification: After we'd visited with officials elsewhere, a Perry aide told us by e-mail Monday that the governor's statement was "an error." Perry's office also sent us a new version of his Friday column that removes the Massachusetts  while adding one that references Hawaii, which we're not reviewing in this article. But Perry's original column has already been widely circulated on the Internet, making a correction problematic. Perry's retraction does not change the  nature of his Massachusetts . We rate Perry's unamended statement — the one published in the Austin American-Statesman — as .
Statement: In New York state, if you're white, you have to go to the back of the line to get medical help.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 15, 2022
Location: new york
Topics: health care;public health;coronavirus
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said white people in New York State have to go to the back of the line for medical care. He makes a nonsensical  that "if you’re white, you don’t get the vaccine." There's plenty of vaccine. There's no need to withhold it from anybody. There is no  that white New Yorkers who are sick with COVID-19 and have other risk factors are being denied treatment because patients of other races are receiving it. The Department of Health memo instructs health care providers to consider several factors when distributing Covid-19 treatments that are in short supply. Race and ethnicity are factors to consider because the risk of death for Black and Hispanic Covid-19 patients is twice as much as for their white peers.   Trump did not acknowledge the ways that white New Yorkers qualify for these treatments, nor did he say that race and ethnicity is only one risk factor on a list of many others that health care providers should consider.  He distorted a state health guidance to make a  . We rate this  .
Statement: The national unemployment rate has been above 8 percent for a record 36 months.
Speaker: reince priebus
About the speaker: Reince Priebus was the first chief of staff to President Donald Trump, replaced by John Kelly in July 2017. Priebus was previously chairman of the Republican National Committee, a post he assumed in 2011. He is also the former chairman of the Republican Party of Wisconsin. He was an unsuccessful Wisconsin state Senate candidate in 2004. He is a Kenosha, Wis., native and lawyer.
Date: February 14, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs
Context: an op-ed piece
Fact-check justification: Our conclusion Priebus accurately cites monthly unemployment statistics proving a three-year run of unemployment topping 8 percent under Obama. But it’s a "record" only in the strict sense, because monthly statistics didn’t exist in the 1930s. His  ignores the critical fact that Great Depression unemployment rates -- while not kept monthly -- annually were well above the current rates and for a much longer period. There’s an element of  in Priebus’ statement because he cited "monthly" statistics, but overall this is . That is our definition for .
Statement: A violent felon can buy (a gun) over the Internet with no background check, no questions asked.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 5, 2016
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a speech proposing executive action on gun regulations
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "A violent felon can buy (a gun) over the Internet with no background check, no questions asked." The kind of transaction Obama described is possible, though illegal, and more complicated than his comment suggests. Federal law prohibits felons from buying guns. But with some effort, they can purchase guns from private sellers over the Internet without getting caught, because private sellers are not required to run background checks. That seller would have to be in the same state as the buyer. We rate Obama’s  . Editor's note: This fact-check has been updated to add details about how Internet-facilitated gun sales take place.
Statement: Says his bill, HB 97, would prevent the use of taxpayer dollars on abortions.
Speaker: matt gaetz
About the speaker: Matt Gaetz was elected to Congress in 2016 representing Florida's 1st District. He was elected to the Florida House of Representatives serving District 4 in 2010. His father is former Sen. Don Gaetz.
Date: March 16, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: abortion;health care
Context: comments before a House subcommittee
Fact-check justification: Abortion foes like Gaetz argue the federal rules are little more than an accounting trick, that if federal subsidies go to someone who chooses a plan that covers abortion, it's the same as taxpayer-funded abortion. But we think it's  to call it taxpayer-funded abortion when the law requires abortions be paid solely through a portion of the premiums (not tax dollars) paid by people who choose a plan that covers abortions. We rule Gaetz's statement .
Statement: In 2014 ... in McDowell County, W.Va., one of the poorest counties in the nation, life expectancy for men was 64 years. In Fairfax County, Va., a wealthy county, just 350 miles away, life expectancy was nearly 82 years, an 18 year differential. The life expectancy gap for women in the two counties was 12 years.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: June 12, 2019
Location: west virginia
Topics: income;public health
Context: a speech at George Washington University
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "In 2014 ... in McDowell County, W.Va., one of the poorest counties in the nation, life expectancy for men was 64 years. In Fairfax County, Va., a wealthy county, just 350 miles away, life expectancy was nearly 82 years, an 18 year differential. The life expectancy gap for women in the two counties was 12 years."  A few of these numbers are slightly off, but Sanders’ overall point that there is a large gap in life expectancy between the two counties is solid. We rule his statement .
Statement: This Russia thing with Trump and Russia is a made-up story. It's an excuse by the Democrats for having lost an election that they should've won.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 11, 2017
Location: national
Topics: elections;homeland security
Context: an interview with NBC News
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "This Russia thing with Trump and Russia is a made-up story. It's an excuse by the Democrats for having lost an election that they should've won." The record shows that credible  led the FBI to begin investigating possible ties between the Trump team and Russia in July 2016. That is the start of the story, more than three months before the election. The American intelligence community expressed with confidence that Russia aimed to interfere in the election to harm Clinton and help Trump. Democrats did not create the story, nor do they control the agenda of the House and Senate committees which are conducting their own investigations. We rate this  .
Statement: Says that "despite the tremendous amounts of money that have gone into it, only 400 family (housing) units have been created" in the last 12 years through Chicago's Affordable Requirements Ordinance.
Speaker: toni preckwinkle
About the speaker: Preckwinkle is the Cook County Board President and also leads the Cook County Democratic Party. She is currently running for mayor of Chicago.
Date: March 12, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: housing
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Preckwinkle said that "despite the tremendous amounts of money that have gone into it, only 400 family units have been created" in the last 12 years through Chicago’s Affordable Requirements Ordinance. City records show that developers have either promised or produced nearly 800 units under the ARO to date. That doesn’t go very far toward achieving the program’s aim to create more affordable housing in pricier areas of the city or closing the city’s affordable housing gap, so there’s some  to Preckwinkle’s broader argument. But her figure of 400 units is far from credible. And her  also ignores how the millions of dollars in fees collected from developers who opt out of building affordable units under the ordinance support rent subsidies and other affordable housing programs throughout the city. We rate it .   – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here  for more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: In some of these other states, some of their deaths can be attributable to the fact that they were having a hard time getting an ICU bed or a ventilator to a patient.
Speaker: roy cooper
About the speaker: Roy Cooper, a Democrat, is the governor of North Carolina. Previously he was the attorney general, a state senator and a state representative.
Date: August 13, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Cooper said "in some of these other states, some of their deaths can be attributable to the fact that they were having a hard time getting an ICU bed or a ventilator to a patient." Cooper was trying to make a point that it’s important to protect hospitals from becoming overwhelmed. That’s a valid concern, given studies show mortality rates can rise when hospitals are overwhelmed. Some news articles have also alluded to these problems. However, Cooper goes too far in saying some deaths have been attributed to a lack of ICU and ventilator access. The American Hospital Association, along with experts who have tracked resource availability during the pandemic, say they’re unaware of any specific cases where someone died specifically because they couldn’t access a ventilator or ICU bed. Cooper didn't cite, and PolitiFact couldn't find, enough  to support the . Cooper’s statement contains an element of , but doesn’t account for critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Here is the fire drone video that Twitter, Google, and YouTube didn't want us to see.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: September 11, 2020
Location: california
Topics: environment;fires;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: A video shared on Twitter shows aerial footage of an aircraft-mounted flamethrower setting fires in a forest. The caption reads, "Here is the fire drone video that Twitter, Google, and YouTube didn't want us to see." A spokesperson for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection analyzed the video and determined that it depicts a helicopter engaging in a standard firefighting practice called a controlled burn.  We rate this post .
Statement: As usual, Hillary & the Dems are trying to rig the debates so 2 are up against major NFL games.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 29, 2016
Location: national
Topics: debates;sports
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said that Clinton and her party "are trying to rig the debates" so that NFL games drain away viewers. However, neither Clinton nor her party were involved in setting up the dates for the general-election debates, as they were during the primary debates. Instead, that task falls to a bipartisan commission that has no connection to either the campaigns or the parties. In fact, the debate dates were chosen seven months before the NFL schedule was even released, making scheduling conflicts almost unavoidable -- not the work of one campaign or party. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: 22 Countries Invaded by the U.S. in 20 Years.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 28, 2014
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military;terrorism
Context: viral posts on the Internet
Fact-check justification: The Facebook meme said that the United States has "invaded" 22 countries in the past 20 years. Using the clearest standard -- ground troops seizing foreign territory without the backing of international law -- then the actual number of U.S. invasions in the past 30 years is three. An additional seven military actions that were supported by international law might perhaps be called "invasions" in a technical sense, even though they had official justification. The remaining examples cited by the meme aren’t even close to any conventional definition of "invasion." We rate the  .
Statement: Marco Rubio is following his party bosses, like Rick Scott, with his plan to raise taxes on Florida's working families, retirees and veterans.
Speaker: val demings
About the speaker: Val Demings is running against U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio in 2022. Demings won her race for U.S. Representative in 2016 and subsequently won re-election. She represents a central Florida district. She previously served as Orlando's police chief.
Date: March 6, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: taxes;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Demings said Rubio "is following his party bosses, like Rick Scott, with his plan to raise taxes on Florida's working families, retirees and veterans." Scott released a plan that indicates support for raising income taxes on millions of Americans, but there is no  that Rubio backs such tax hikes. We rate the  .
Statement: Since Florida passed the "stand your ground" law in 2005, deaths due to self-defense have jumped over 250 percent.
Speaker: christopher l. smith
About the speaker: Christopher L. "Chris" Smith is a Democratic state senator representing parts of Broward and Palm Beach counties. He was a state representative from 1998-2006 and elected to the Senate in 2008.
Date: March 21, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: criminal justice;crime;guns
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Smith said that since "stand your ground" passed in 2005, deaths due to self-defense have jumped over 250 percent. When we calculated the average for five years before the law passed and five years after it passed, we found an increase of 200 percent. That’s short of Smith’s , though the numbers largerly support the idea that self-defense deaths have increased since 2005. As for whether "stand your ground" is the reason self-defense deaths are up, experts either disagree or say it’s difficult to determine without examining the specifics of each case. We rate this statement .