chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: All Aboard Florida is receiving millions in Florida taxpayer dollars.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: July 10, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: state budget;transportation
Context: a fundraising email
Fact-check justification: Crist said on July 10, "All Aboard Florida is receiving millions in Florida taxpayer dollars." All Aboard is not receiving millions directly from the state. Instead, it could get federal loans, and the state is spending millions on infrastructure that will end up benefiting the rail line, especially an intermodal center at Orlando International Airport. All Aboard will have to pay rent and passenger fees at the airport. Overall, we rate his statement .
Statement: The price of gas is "down from over $5 when I took office.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 27, 2022
Topics: gas prices
Context: Syracuse, N.Y
Fact-check justification: Biden said the price of gas is "down from over $5 when I took office." The national average gasoline price did exceed $5, but that peak came this past June, and prices were not at that level when Biden was inaugurated in January 2021. When he was inaugurated, the price was about $2.46.  We rate the statement . RELATED:  Gasoline prices: Where they stand now, and why
Statement: The Iran Deal will facilitate and accelerate the nation of Iran acquiring nuclear weapons.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: September 9, 2015
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;foreign policy;nuclear
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Cruz said, "The Iran Deal will facilitate and accelerate the nation of Iran acquiring nuclear weapons." The Iran deal may be less than perfect, but experts say it’s hard to see how implementing the agreement -- rather than doing nothing at all -- would actually "facilitate and accelerate" an Iranian nuclear weapon. The worst-case scenario would be that the deal throws up a couple years’ worth of roadblocks that would not exist otherwise. We rate the  . Correction: The Iran deal requires Iran to reduce its stockpile of enriched uranium by 97 percent. A previous version of this fact-check described the reduction differently.
Statement: President Biden says he wants to ban handguns.
Speaker: house republicans
About the speaker: Republican members of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Date: July 21, 2021
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: House Republicans said Biden wants to ban handguns. That is . Biden was talking about banning assault weapons and magazines that carry 20 to 120 rounds of ammunition. Those policies would not affect the most popular handgun models. Even if some smaller set of pistols came under such a ban, that would not translate to a ban on handguns across the board. We rate this  .  RELATED: Murders spiked in 2020. Why?
Statement: President Barack Obama "has virtually no one in his cabinet with private-sector experience.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: August 26, 2011
Location: national
Topics: corporations;economy
Context: a campaign event
Fact-check justification: Bachmann said that "virtually no one" in Obama’s Cabinet has private-sector experience. But even under the most restrictive definition, 27 percent of Obama’s Cabinet has what we consider pretty clear private-sector experience. And broader definition that includes private-sector law and consulting work -- much of which involved representing businesses -- kicks the percentage up to two-thirds. In addition, Bachmann said she would bring in advisers from manufacturing (Chu could fit that bill), the service industry (which could include Salazar) and financial services (which would include Donovan, Daley and Lew). Conceivably, a Republican president might appoint more business executives to Cabinet posts than a Democratic one would. But Bachmann still overstates her case by saying that "virtually no one" in Obama’s Cabinet has private-sector experience -- repeating a   that's been circulating for nearly two years. We rate her statement .
Statement: We've excluded lobbyists from policymaking jobs.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 27, 2010
Location: national
Topics: ethics
Context: his State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: Public records show Patterson worked as a lobbyist for Goldman Sachs in 2008. Obama said that he has "excluded lobbyists from policymaking jobs." But that's not the case. We know of at least four that have taken on policymaking roles in the Obama administration -- Frye's title even contains the word "policy." While these appointments may be few and far between, and while those who made the cut have signed special waivers, we give Obama a  on this .
Statement: Says Suzanne Bonamici "supports the $500 billion cut to Medicare passed last year.
Speaker: rob cornilles
About the speaker: Rob Cornilles is the president and founder of Game Face Inc. He is a graduate of Brigham Young University.
Date: November 9, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: That brings us to our ruling. Generally, we’d give this a "" given that there is a small kernel of  to the statement. But we also have a policy of taking into account whether the speaker is willfully repeating something we’ve said wasn’t  before -- and in this case we have said it several times. For that reason, we’re giving Cornilles a  for his statement that Bonamici supports $500 billion in cuts to Medicare. Comment on the ruling at OregonLive .
Statement: In Wisconsin, more than 300,000 people have "some kind of addictive gambling problem, whether it's pathological or what we'd categorize as a problem gambler.
Speaker: julaine appling
About the speaker: Julaine Appling is executive director of Wisconsin Family Action, a Madison, Wis., based 501(c)(4) organization formed in 2006, according to its website, "in order to do statewide education, grassroots activities, election-related work as the law provides and advocacy in the state legislature on cultural and legislative issues that either threaten or strengthen Wisconsin's most valuable natural resource—her traditional families." The group says its mission is to advance Judeo-Christian principles and values in Wisconsin by strengthening and preserving marriage, family, life and liberty.
Date: November 13, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: gambling
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Appling said more than 300,000 Wisconsinites have "some kind of addictive gambling problem, whether it’s pathological or what we’d categorize as a problem gambler." She relied on a published figure from a legitimate organization, but even in the squishy world of problem gambling research, there is little if any hard  that backs up this estimate extrapolated from an outdated national study. The best  is it’s much lower, especially when describing "addictive" gambling problems. Perhaps fewer than 45,000 Wisconsin adults fit that description, plus an unknown number of adolescents. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Charlie Crist "is embroiled in a fraud case for steering taxpayer money to a de facto Ponzi scheme.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: October 8, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: jobs;state budget
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: The Republicans’ ad said, "Crist is embroiled in a fraud case for steering taxpayer money to a de facto Ponzi scheme," referring to Digital Domain getting $20 million in state incentives and then going belly up. But a state report, ordered by Scott, concluded there were no violations of law or rules by Crist or any other politician. The report also showed Crist was one of many political players who helped the company get the state money. A civil court could find that Digital Domain committed fraud. However, the company’s plan to pay off its debt in another state by getting money from Florida doesn’t meet the definition of a classic Ponzi scheme. Also, while Crist is mentioned in the court filing, he's not a defendant in the case.  We rate this  .
Statement: States like New York, Illinois and California have been vocal in their demands for funding to bail out their pension systems, which were failing long before the COVID-19 outbreak, and other programs that aren't related to this crisis.
Speaker: andy biggs
About the speaker: Rep. Andy Biggs represents Arizona's 5th District in the U.S. House of Representatives. 
Date: May 7, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: state budget;coronavirus;arizona
Context: a letter
Fact-check justification: The New York state comptroller said that the pension system has not requested federal funds.   The other part of Biggs’ statement – that the funding will pay for programs not related to the pandemic – is correct but . The tax receipts that fund the full range of state governments have been sharply reduced by the pandemic. The federal funding sought by states would partly offset those pandemic losses. We rate this  .
Statement: Barnes & Noble and Target have the book "If You Give a Pig the White House" in their children's sections.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 4, 2019
Topics: children;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  Jessica Carlson, a spokesperson for Target, told us that the company doesn’t carry the book.   Searching online, we found general complaints about Target selling the book and some criticizing the store for selling it to children. But we found no  that Target or Barnes & Noble is marketing this book for children or selling it in the children’s section. Certainly, someone browsing in a store could pick up the book and leave it in a different section, but there is no  this book is being marketed for sale as children’s literature in the children’s section. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: If Rhode Island raises the meal and beverage tax to 10 percent, it would be the "fourth-highest in the nation.
Speaker: john elkhay
About the speaker: John Elkhay is a principal of the Chow Fun Food Group, which owns five restaurants and a catering business in Providence, R.I.
Date: March 21, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: city budget;economy;state budget;taxes
Context: a rally
Fact-check justification: Restaurateur John Elkhay says Governor Chafee’s proposed 10-percent meal and beverage tax would be the "fourth-highest in the nation." Most meal taxes in other states are applied by cities and towns, so a comparison should take in those localized rates. And according to the most recent study from the Tax Foundation, a 10 percent rate in Rhode Island would be tied for fourth-highest in the nation. But shoehorning Rhode Island into the list is imperfect, because it’s not an apples-to-apples comparison. And there’s another issue, too. The Tax Foundation list considered only the 50 most populous cities in the nation, so it didn’t take into account every meal tax imposed in every locality. In Virginia alone, we found nine smaller communities that would make it to the top of the Tax Foundation list. Elkhay’s statement is partially accurate -- increasing Rhode Island’s meal tax would make it one of the highest rates in the country. But we can’t say definitively that it would be fourth-highest. Because the  "leaves out important details or takes things out of context," we rate it . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: I am very proud that over my almost 30 years of public service I have had no scandals.
Speaker: lincoln chafee
About the speaker: Lincoln Chafee is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He served one four-year term as Rhode Island's governor, beginning on Jan. 4, 2011. He was the first Independent to be elected to that office. He subsequently became a Democrat. As a Republican, he served as mayor of Warwick from 1992 to 1999, when he was appointed to the U.S. Senate following the death of his father, Sen. John H. Chafee. He was elected to a full Senate term in 2000. He is married with three children. In April 2015 he formed an exploratory committee to consider running for President.
Date: October 13, 2015
Location: rhode island
Topics: debates;ethics
Context: presidential debate
Fact-check justification: In his opening remarks Tuesday night Chafee said: "I’m very proud that over my almost 30 years of public service, I have had no scandals." We’re not entirely sure what Chafee considers a scandal. We reached out to Chafee’s spokeswoman to get the candidate’s definition, but she said she would need more time to respond.   The dictionary again says a scandal is a public disgrace. Over the past 30 years, Chafee has had his share of controversy, and an occasional brush with scandal. But scandal, a full blown public disgrace? Probably not. After all, in the broader scheme of things, is it disgraceful to buy four frogs for $7.96 to amuse visitors to the mayor’s office? We rate this  .
Statement: Providence has "the lowest crime rate in three decades.
Speaker: david cicilline
About the speaker: David Cicilline was elected to the 1st Congressional District in 2010. Before that, he was mayor of Providence, beginning in January, 2003. A Brown University graduate, he received his law degree from Georgetown University Law Center.
Date: July 13, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: crime
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: For example, Cicilline is talking about the crime rate when the number his administration is using is the total number of crime reports, which is different. But when we looked closely, we found that those issues didn't actually affect the conclusion. For a discussion of those factors, CLICK HERE . In the end, the number of incidents of crime in Providence has declined since Cicilline took office and the number of incidents reported in 2009 is the lowest in 44 years, which makes the mayor's  seem modest. Even though the ebb and flow of crime reports roughly mirrors what's been going on in the rest of the nation, and it's not clear how much he or his administration is directly responsible for a rate that began dropping during the second Cianci administration, we rate his statement as .
Statement: Under three years of my administration, net farm income has already gone up nearly 50%.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 30, 2020
Location: national
Topics: agriculture;economy;iowa
Context: Des Moines
Fact-check justification: Trump said net farm income has increased 50% since he has taken office. Data from the USDA shows that while net income has increased by 50%, but federal aid to farmers accounts for a large portion of that increase and the aid was not the usual kind of federal assistance farmers receive. Rather, it was given because of a Trump Administration decision to take on a trade war with China. We rated Trump’s  as .
Statement: Seven of the 10" school districts with the lowest graduation rate for African-American boys in the country are in Florida.
Speaker: stephen wise
About the speaker: Stephen Wise is a Republican state senator from the 5th District of Florida. He was elected to the state Senate in 2001. Prior to that, he was a member of the Florida House of Representatives.
Date: March 10, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: comments on the state Senate floor
Fact-check justification: But in that case, so should Cleveland's. And so on. "'No matter what it is, it's terrible," Wise said. Wise's number is a bit shaky, but we're giving him credit for his point. To us, that rates .
Statement: Says Rep. Tammy "Duckworth has been a staunch supporter of expanding the spending, size and reach of the IRS.
Speaker: mark kirk
About the speaker: Mark Kirk is a U.S. senator from Illinois, having defeated Democratic State Treasurer Alexi Giannoulias for the seat formerly occupied by President Barack Obama in 2010. Kirk was formerly a U.S. congressman from Illinois’ 10th district.
Date: June 15, 2016
Location: illinois
Topics: taxes
Context: a website press release
Fact-check justification: Kirk called Duckworth a staunch supporter of expanding the spending and sweep of the nation’s tax agency. The record shows Duckworth joined most Democrats in opposing four GOP efforts to restrict the agency’s information collection and boost congressional oversight. But independent experts and Congress’ own nonpartisan budget analyst said some of the GOP bills actually would boost spending or would not cut it. Duckworth also has voted for large spending bills that did trim IRS budgets. We rate this  .
Statement: Photos of an apartment building in Kyiv are evidence the war in Ukraine "is fake.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 25, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "With the apartment block in danger of collapsing, residents quickly gathered donations to pay for urgent structural support to keep the building standing," Deutsche Welle said.   Images from professional and amateur photographers captured the repair progress. European Pressphoto Agency published multiple before-and-after images of the building. One montage of images shared on Twitter on Feb. 26, 2023, appears to show the building repairs at different phases. We rate claims that these images prove the war in Ukraine is  !
Statement: A Republican housing finance reform bill "would eliminate a person's ability to obtain 15- and 30-year mortgages.
Speaker: gwen moore
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore is a Democratic member of Congress, representing Wisconsin's 4th District, which primarily includes Milwaukee. Moore, who served in the state Legislature from 1989 to 2004, was elected to Congress in 2004.
Date: July 24, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;financial regulation;housing
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Our rating Moore stated that a Republican bill to largely privatize the nation’s housing finance system "would eliminate a person’s ability to obtain 15- and 30-year mortgages." It's unknown how exactly the effects of the bill would play out. But there is reason to believe that without government guarantees, traditional home mortgages would become less available, less affordable, or both, for many Americans. Our definition of  is a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details. That fits for this one.
Statement: Says Texas has "the fourth-lowest debt per capita of any state in the nation, and we are the lowest of any of the big states.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: July 24, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: state budget
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: The report says the ratio is useful for comparing different states and countries. In an interview, Moody’s analyst Nicole Johnson said that a relatively low ratio generally means a state has more flexibility to increase its debt than states with high ratios. So, Texas has the least state debt per capita among the most populous states, as Perry says, and by Moody’s accounting the 12th lowest of all states. Perry incorrectly said it was fourth-lowest of all states, but his meaning holds up; Texas is a relatively low-debt state. We rate the statement .