chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Drilling for oil on the Outer Continental Shelf and in parts of Alaska will  "immediately reduce our dangerous dependence on foreign oil.
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: April 26, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;energy
Context: an online column
Fact-check justification: As we said already: It takes time. It is noteworthy that the very day Portman’s column came out, the EIA released its annual energy outlook, saying that while U.S. consumption of liquid fuels is expected to keep rising, the import share has been falling and should keep doing so due to increases in production -- including biofuels -- and greater fuel efficiency. That’s not to say it would or would not be worthwhile for the United States to produce even more oil over the long run. Economists and others cite potential economic, defense and trade benefits in the future. But by asserting this would produce an immediate reduction in dependence on foreign oil, Portman’s  is .
Statement: When there is "a noose on a college dorm of a Black student" or a racial slur "on a dormitory building, the odds are overwhelming that a Black student actually did that.
Speaker: dennis prager
About the speaker: Dennis Prager has been broadcasting on radio in Los Angeles since 1982. His show became nationally syndicated in 1999.
Date: April 26, 2022
Topics: education;crime;race and ethnicity;pundits;facebook fact-checks;punditfact
Context: a radio show segment
Fact-check justification: Prager said that when there is "a noose on a college dorm of a Black student" or a racial slur "on a dormitory building, the odds are overwhelming that a Black student actually did that." Prager offered no  to support his ; there isn’t even a data source that tracks on-campus hate crimes and hate crime hoaxes with that level of specificity, experts said. The more general data that is available on hate crimes in the U.S., however, suggests that Prager’s  is far from the . The percentage of hate crime reports to the FBI that have turned out to be falsified is nowhere near "overwhelming." We rate Prager’s  .
Statement: Even hunters are restricted from using large capacity magazines: there is a five cartridge limit for large game hunting, and three for bird hunting.
Speaker: ginny burdick
About the speaker: State Sen. Ginny Burdick is a Portland Democrat.
Date: December 12, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: recreation;guns
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: he asked rhetorically. That’s a question for policy makers, not fact checkers. There are limits on how hunters shoot wildlife and game in Oregon, even if there are people who think that should have no bearing on the right to bear arms. Burdick’s statement is accurate. We rate her statement .
Statement: [Renewable energy] projects . . . get us off foreign oil and away, step by step, from these foreign entanglements that we have to get into to defend our oil supply.
Speaker: sheldon whitehouse
About the speaker: Sheldon Whitehouse is a Democratic U.S. Senator from Rhode Island.
Date: December 13, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: environment;climate change;energy
Context: a Senate hearing
Fact-check justification: Whitehouse said on the Senate floor that renewable energy projects would "get us off foreign oil" and away from "foreign entanglements that we have to get into to defend our oil supply." His comments demand further explanation. Oil-powered plants provide a tiny amount of the power used in Rhode Island. That’s also  for New England. And the United States as a whole. For the most part, these plants only come on line when demand is highest a few times a year. But a layperson would assume something different from the senator’s statement -- that oil is a large part of our generating supply and that alternative energy projects would substantially reduce oil consumption. The  is investments in solar and wind power, such as the projects the senator cites, won’t have a large effect on oil consumption. Because of this misimpression -- and because of the other inaccuracies in Whitehouse’s speech that we noted -- our ruling on the  is . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Social Security beneficiaries count on the post office to get their checks.
Speaker: eva longoria baston
About the speaker: Eva Longoria Baston is an actress and Democratic activist. In August 2020, she hosted the first night of the Democratic National Convention, which was virtual due to COVID-19. In 2012, she was named one of 35 national co-chairs of President Barack Obama's 2012 re-election campaign.
Date: August 17, 2020
Topics: elections;social security
Context: the Democratic National Convention
Fact-check justification: Around half a million people still receive paper checks in the mail. The vast majority — more than 63 million — get their payments electronically. The transition to electronic deposits started more than 10 years ago during the Obama administration to cut back on paper waste. The statement is partially accurate but omits important context. We rate it .
Statement: NAFTA, supported by the Secretary (Clinton), cost us 800,000 jobs nationwide.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: March 6, 2016
Location: national
Topics: jobs;trade
Context: Flint, Mich
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that NAFTA, which Clinton used to support, cost the U.S. economy 800,000 jobs. There is a report from a left-leaning policy group that reached that conclusion. On the other hand, many other nonpartisan reports found that the trade deal produced neither significant job losses nor job gains. This is a result of competing economic models and the challenges of teasing out the effects of NAFTA from everything else that has taken place in the economy. The report Sanders cited is an outlier, and his use of its findings ignores important facts that would give a different impression. We rate his statement . Editor's note:  Soon after we published, we heard from Robert Scott of EPI and added his comments.
Statement: On climate change, "the temperature readings have been fabricated, and it's all blowing up in their (scientists') faces.
Speaker: dana perino
About the speaker: Dana Perino is the former press secretary to President George W. Bush. She now is a Fox News commentator and co-host of "The Five."
Date: February 9, 2015
Topics: climate change;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "The Five" on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Perino said that disclosures of fabricated temperature readings have upended theories of climate change. The source we believe she relied on, The Telegraph opinion piece, in turn relied on the work of a climate change skeptic and blogger. He told us that he was not challenging the overall trends of global warming, but instead wanted to draw attention to anomalies in the data. The researchers we contacted, who have no ties to the government agencies that produce the data Perino questioned, said that while the raw temperature readings are adjusted, the result is a record that more closely matches what has actually taken place. The greater  would be to take the raw data as somehow perfect and unblemished. The allegations raised by skeptics like the author of The Telegraph item have had no effect on the consensus that the Earth has seen an increase in temperatures over the past 100 years. This  has been debunked before. To continue to repeat it moves it into the realm of the . We rate the  .
Statement: In 1913, it was legal to mail children.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 12, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: children;history
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It leaves the  impression that children were being mailed legally in 1913. A few mailings did occur, but the practice — never legally sanctioned — was quickly abandoned. PolitiFact’s definition of  is a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That seems to fit this one like a roll of bubble wrap. We rate the Facebook post .
Statement: It's been since 1888 that a Senate of a different party than the president in the White House confirmed a Supreme Court nominee.
Speaker: cory gardner
About the speaker: Cory Gardner, a Republican, won a seat to represent Colorado in the U.S. Senate in 2014. He previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the Colorado House of Representatives.
Date: February 24, 2016
Location: colorado
Topics: congress;supreme court
Context: a talk show
Fact-check justification: Gardner claimed, "It's been since 1888 that a Senate of a different party than the president in the White House confirmed a Supreme Court nominee." While he may have intended to invoke the example of Supreme Court nominations in the 1888 presidential election-year, he didn't say that. What he actually said is just , contradicted by 14 instances of a Senate controlled by a different party than the president approving a nominee to the high court. We rate his statement .
Statement: The people of Tiverton have historically supported [gambling measures] at a rate higher than the rest of the state.
Speaker: john taylor
About the speaker: John Taylor, a Pawtucket, R.I., native, is chairman of the board of Twin River Management Group, which operates Twin River Casino in Lincoln, R.I.
Date: April 24, 2015
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;gambling;history;polls and public opinion;recreation;tourism
Context: an interview on WPRI-TV's "Newsmakers."
Fact-check justification: The big question, of course, is whether Tiverton voters' degree of support will be as high if the gambling facility is going to be located in their town. Taylor's meeting Monday night with the Town Council didn't offer many clues, but the casino plans aren't going to be firmed up until November. But if Twin River is looking to set up a facility in a community that is receptive to a casino, it looks like Tiverton is a good bet. We rate Taylor's  as  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: My home state since June of 2009 created 40 percent of the new jobs in America.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: September 30, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: jobs
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our friends at PolitiFact Texas tackled a similar topic when Perry boasted about the state’s job creation during a GOP presidential debate. It noted that moderator Brian Williams pointed out that Texas has the highest-in-the-nation share of minimum-wage workers. Perry’s numbers are on target, but there is some context to consider here. Some of the growth may be attributable to Texas’ regulations, but there are other factors, such as the state’s major population growth and the large number of minimum-wage workers. We rate his  .
Statement: The Iranians are now saying that what we're saying the deal is and what they understand it to be are two different things.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: April 13, 2015
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;nuclear
Context: an interview on National Public Radio
Fact-check justification: Rubio said, "The Iranians are now saying that what we're saying the deal is and what they understand it to be are two different things." Leaders in Iran and the United States are both accusing the other of distorting the framework agreement reached in April -- and there are some dramatic and significant differences in the way the two countries are describing aspects of the agreement. It’s important to keep in mind that the agreement is not the final deal, and many details have yet to be solidified. But Obama and experts have said some of the differences that have surfaced, if unresolved, could kill the final deal. We rate Rubio’s  . Note: This  was fact-checked as part of a reward to our Kickstarter campaign to live fact-check the 2015 State of the Union. Thanks to all who contributed.
Statement: Mother Teresa sold babies.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 15, 2023
Topics: religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: A nun, Sister Koncilia, and another worker, Anima Indwar, were accused of selling four babies to prospective parents at a shelter called Nirmal Hriday, according to news reports .   The shelter was run by Missionaries of Charity, which was founded by Mother Teresa in 1950. The Missionaries of Charity told the Catholic News Agency in 2018 that it had stopped doing child adoptions in India in 2015, and that they previously did not accept money for administering them. Although Mother Teresa did have critics — some accused her order of proselytizing to patients and providing poor conditions and medical care in shelters run by her mission — we could find no  that she participated in selling babies. We rate this  .
Statement: A far different picture from the prior eight years, which saw 115 increases in taxes and fees.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: January 8, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: In sharing some of the state’s achievements during his State of the State address Tuesday, Christie talked about a variety of fiscal goals he has overseen since taking office in 2010:  balanced budgets (a state requirement),, tax relief, pension and health  reforms, and job growth. "A far different picture from the prior eight years, which saw 115 increases in taxes and fees," he said. We have checked that  before, when Kean made a similar statement in a 2011 news release. Back then Kean mentioned only tax increases, but there were quite a few fee increases, too. While higher fees represent more cost for taxpayers, they are not tax hikes. Christie, however, got it right when he said taxes and fees. We rate the governor’s statement . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Protections on pre-existing conditions have been there since the 1970s.
Speaker: kevin cramer
About the speaker: Kevin Cramer is a U.S. Congressman representing North Dakota's At-large congressional district. He is running for U.S. Senate.
Date: October 26, 2018
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: U.S. Senate debate
Fact-check justification: Cramer said, "Protections on pre-existing conditions have been there since the 1970s." Coverage of pre-existing conditions in group plans has been mandated by law since 1994, not the 1970s. But private insurers in North Dakota could turn down people in the individual market because of a pre-existing condition prior to the ACA. A 1982 state law provided an alternative, but it was not nearly as strong a guarantee of protection for pre-existing conditions as those provided by the ACA. We rate this statement .
Statement: John doesn't have a record in the Senate. John's only passed four bills. They're all about post offices.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: December 31, 2007
Location: national
Context: Ames, Iowa
Fact-check justification: "Major bills come from committee chairmen and occasionally ranking members. . . . If a younger member has an idea, those ideas are often incorporated into a larger bill in committee." As for less significant legislation, Edwards, like many members of Congress, sponsored several bills authorizing the naming of post offices in his home state, as Biden correctly states. He also drafted a 2001 Senate resolution honoring Dale Earnhardt after the NASCAR driver was killed in a crash. But because Edwards successfully injected himself into a number of significant debates and shaped their outcomes — often while serving in the minority party — we rule this Biden statement .
Statement: Since President Obama took office, over 88,000 Ohio workers have lost their jobs.
Speaker: americans for tax reform
About the speaker: Americans For Tax Reform was founded in 1985 by Grover Nordquist. It advocates a tax system in which the taxes are simpler, flatter, more visible, and lower than they are today. It views the government's power to control one's life as derived from its power to tax and believes that power should be minimized.
Its flagship program is the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, which it began promoting in 1986 and expanded to the state level in 1990. Those who sign on to the pledge commit to oppose any effort to increase income taxes on individuals or businesses.
Date: September 19, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: debt;deficit;economy;federal budget;stimulus
Context: an election flier
Fact-check justification: Ohio hasn’t recovered all the jobs lost since January 2009. But there are 96,000 more Ohioans working now than in December of that year. And Ohio’s unemployment rate, which through July has fallen for 12 straight months. Those are important details that provide context needed to fully understand the ATR . On the -O-Meter, the  rates .
Statement: Gov. Terry McAuliffe "has made several statements that he would love to be in a Cabinet secretary position with the Clinton administration.
Speaker: bryce reeves
About the speaker: Bryce Reeves, R-Spotsylvania County, was elected to the Virginia Senate in 2011, defeating 28-year inclumbent Democrat Ed Houck. Reeves has announced his intention to run for lieutenant govenor in 2017.
 
Date: June 17, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: elections
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Reeves says McAuliffe "has made several statements that he would love to be in a Cabinet secretary position with the Clinton administration." We wouldn’t be surprised to see McAuliffe wind up in the White House if Hillary Clinton becomes president. The two are longtime friends and political allies. Perhaps they’ve had private conversations about this. But Reeves says the governor is pining for a position and uses that statement as the basis of an attack: that McAuliffe has restored voting rights to more than 200,000 felons as part of an agreement to help Clinton win the presidency and to receive a Cabinet seat in return. There’s a burden on Reeves to provide  that McAuliffe is seeking a Cabinet seat, and he comes up empty. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says President Trump tweeted that he spoke with George Floyd's family and said they were "honored" to hear from him.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 31, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The alleged post is not captured in the database, and we found no  that shows the tweet ever existed on the platform. Websites allow anyone to generate real-looking, but ultimately  tweets using tweet generators .   Trump did say on May 29 that he spoke with members of Floyd’s family. He described them as "terrific people" and said he reached out to them to express his sorrow.   As for the fictitious tweet, we rate it !
Statement: The U.S. government's inaction over buffalo killing that harmed Native American populations in the 1800s shows it is now "is creating food shortages" so that Americans are more "dependent on the government.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 11, 2022
Topics: environment;economy;food;history;welfare;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post claimed that the U.S. government’s inaction over buffalo killing that harmed Native American populations in the 1800s shows it is now "is creating food shortages" so that Americans are more "dependent on the government." Millions of buffalo were killed by hunters in the late 1800s as part of a "de facto government policy" meant to force Native Americans in the Great Plains to abandon their customs and accept the reservation system. This racist history, however, does not prove that the U.S. government is currently creating food shortages to force government dependence. We found no  to support that . We rate this  . RELATED: Ask PolitiFact: What can parents do if they can’t find baby formula in stores?
Statement: Says CNN and other news organizations tweeted that a journalist was executed in Kabul by Taliban fighters.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 16, 2021
Topics: afghanistan;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: News organizations have sought the government’s help protecting journalists in Afghanistan.   These posts, though, are . Update Feb. 28, 2022: Posts using the same picture falsely claimed Bernie Gores was the first American casualty in Russia's invasion of the Ukraine. That, too, is .