chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: On the main GOP presidential debate: "Not one candidate on the debate stage has military experience …
Speaker: jim gilmore
About the speaker: Jim Gilmore, a Republican, was governor of Virginia from 1998-2002. He is seeking the 2016 GOP presidential nomination.
Gilmore was born in Richmond in 1949. His father was a grocery store meat cutter and his mother was a church secretary. Upon graduating from the University of Virginia in 1971, he enlisted in the Army for three years and served in the intelligence corps at NATO headquarters in Germany. 
Gilmore graduated from UVa's law school in 1977 and was elected Commonwealth's Attorney in Henrico County in 1987 and 1991 and, in 1993, was elected state attorney general.
Gilmore was elected governor in 1997, largely on a promise to repeal an unpopular local property tax on cars. He had succeeded in repealing 70 percent of the levy when the state entered in recession in 2001 and lawmakers refeused to continue phasing out the tax.
Gilmore ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in 2008, losing to Democrat Mark Warner. In 2007, he launched a brief campaign for the 2008 GOP presidential nomination. In 2009, he became president and CEO of the Free Congress Foundation, a conservative think tank.
 
Date: September 16, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: candidate biography;military
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: While watching the main GOP presidential debate, Gilmore tweeted, "Not one candidate on the stage has military experience … " We rate his statement .
Statement: The National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2019 "includes the largest pay raise in nearly 10 years.
Speaker: roy blunt
About the speaker: Roy Blunt is the junior U.S. senator from Missouri. He was formerly a U.S. representative from Missouri’s 7th district, and served for six years as the Republican whip in that chamber.
Date: December 1, 2018
Location: missouri
Topics: federal budget;military
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Blunt said that members of the military would receive their highest pay raise in nearly 10 years thanks to legislation signed in August. Military compensation records and experts in defense analysis and government spending fields verified that this was correct. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Gov. Rick Scott "cut nearly $1 million from mosquito control and closed down the state's mosquito research lab a few years ago.
Speaker: debbie wasserman schultz
About the speaker: Debbie Wasserman Schultz became the chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee in 2011 and resigned in July 2016. The Florida Democrat was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004 after serving in the state senate. She represents Congressional District 23 in Broward and Miami-Dade counties.
Date: August 8, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: state budget
Context: Broward County
Fact-check justification: Wasserman Schultz said that Scott "cut nearly $1 million dollars from mosquito control and closed down the state’s mosquito research lab a few years ago." In 2011, the Legislature under Scott did cut about $1 million for mosquito control dropping the total to about $1.3 million and cut it again by about $300,000 the following year. But the state then increased the budget to about $2.7 million the next year and it has remained in that ballpark for four years. Scott also vetoed a one-time appropriation of $500,000 in 2011 for a mosquito lab at FAMU, and the university then shut it down. But the center was already on the university’s chopping block, and the state has since funded another university’s lab. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/dc020bc4-ac97-44c4-942a-89399198ed1e
Statement: Says U.S. Rep. Rashida Tlaib was photographed in front of a picture of Osama bin Laden and an ISIS flag.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 27, 2019
Topics: terrorism;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) And the photo is a . The original image was posted by Ocasio-Cortez on Instagram in November with the caption "Squad." There is a portrait hanging behind the women, but it’s not the former leader of al Qaeda. We rate this  !
Statement: Says the logo of a porn website appeared during a CNN broadcast.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 5, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "Apparently this is a ," he said. "Still bloody funny though. "  We rate this clip . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Speaker Rubio supported gun restrictions that included background checks and waiting periods.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: February 1, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: guns
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Marion Hammer, a lobbyist for the NRA who served as its national president and has donated money to Crist's campaign, told PolitiFact Florida that Rubio's rating would go down when new grades are released in May. That's a reflection of several compromises in the "guns-at-work" bill that occurred during Rubio's time as speaker, she said. Rubio's record on guns as a House member is clear -- he voted with major NRA priorities and got an "A" rating for each of his elections, at least until now. But Crist accurately claimed that Rubio supported laws that instituted waiting periods and background checks on gun owners. Crist's statement earns a .
Statement: Says "92 percent of the people agree on DACA.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 14, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: remarks to reporters
Fact-check justification: Trump said "92 percent of the people agree on DACA." We found several polls in which a majority of people said they supported DACA or favored legislation that would allow Dreamers to stay in the United States. But the level of support was not as high as 92 percent. Overall, we rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: John Fetterman's a self-described democratic socialist.
Speaker: penn progress
About the speaker: Penn Progress is a super PAC formed to support the 2022 campaign of U.S. Rep. Conor Lamb, D-Pa., for a Pennsylvania U.S. Senate seat.
Date: April 5, 2022
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: candidate biography;corrections and updates;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: A super PAC supporting Lamb said "Fetterman's a self-described democratic socialist." Media reports that made this assertion now carry corrections. We found no  that Fetterman described himself that way. And he has declared that he has never described himself that way.  We rate the  . Editor's note,  April 7:  After publication, a spokesperson for Penn Progress emailed us with the links to NPR, Forbes and Public Opinion articles, which we had noted, as well as other media references that called Fetterman a self-described democratic socialist. None of the references showed Fetterman calling himself one. Our ruling remains the same. RELATED: The race for the Pennsylvania U.S. Senate seat: A guide RELATED: Pennsylvania fact-checks
Statement: In 2001 and '02 . . . we had the pension system funded at (the) 100% level in that year, and we did for two years at that point.
Speaker: vincent "buddy" cianci
About the speaker: Vincent "Buddy" Cianci is a talk-radio host and ex-convict who spent more time serving as mayor of Providence (21 years from 1975 to 2002) than anyone in the city's history. He is the author of "Politics and Pasta: How I Prosecuted Mobsters, Rebuilt a Dying City, Advised a President, Dined with Sinatra, Spent Five Years in a Federally Funded Gated Community, and Lived to Tell the Tale." He was defeated in the 2014 mayoral election when he ran as an independent.
Date: September 21, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: debt;deficit;economy;history;labor;legal issues;pensions;unions;workers
Context: an interview on WPRI-TV's "Newsmakers."
Fact-check justification: Cianci said, "In 2001 and '02 . . . we had the pension system funded at [the] 100 percent level in that year, and we did for two years at that point." But the last full contribution to the system under Cianci was in 1996. During the last years of his term, he short-changed the system each year by more than a third of the money it would ultimately need. That would have a long-term deleterious impact on the health of the pension plan. Cianci contends his "100 percent" remark referred to a plan to eventually restore the funding level. But although he had ample time to explain that during the "Newsmaker" interview, he never made that clear. And viewers likely came away with the  impression that Cianci had given the pension fund the full amount it needed in those years. We rate Cianci's   . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: I sponsored the amendment that expanded the hours of early voting so that people who have irregular work schedules could vote.
Speaker: don gaetz
About the speaker: Don Gaetz, R-Niceville, is a Republican state Senator and a former school superintendent.
Date: January 11, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: an editorial board interview
Fact-check justification: Back to our mission: Gaetz’s editorial board comments that he sponsored the amendment that expanded hours for early voting and threatened to join Democrats in opposition if leaders did not agree to it. We cannot prove or disprove his  that he threatened to side with Democrats. For this reason, we’re not rating this part of his statement. Gaetz did introduced the amendment that permitted more hours for early voting. But his amendment empowered supervisors to provide up to 12 hours of early voting a day. It was not an automatic expansion, and supervisors could actually choose to offer less time than the old law. We rate his  .
Statement: Says "Scott Walker wants to make abortion illegal, even in cases of rape, incest or to protect the life of the mother.
Speaker: tom barrett
About the speaker: Tom Barrett served as the 44th mayor of Milwaukee from 2004 until 2021. The mayoral position is non-partisan. A member of the Democratic Party, he was previously elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly (1984–1989), Wisconsin Senate (1989–1993) and U.S. House of Representatives (1993–2003).
Barrett lost bids for governor in 2002, 2010 and in the 2012 recall race against Gov. Scott Walker. He was sworn in as U.S. ambassador to Luxembourg on Dec. 23, 2021.
Date: October 21, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;message machine 2010
Context: a campaign TV ad
Fact-check justification: (We would note that as a member of the state Assembly, Walker backed an effort to bar government employees from performing abortions and a bill outlawing "partial-birth abortion"; both measures included an exception for when the life of the mother is at stake.) This is one item we can assess quickly. In the race for governor, Democrat Tom Barrett said his opponent, Republican Scott Walker, "wants to make abortion illegal, even in cases of rape, incest, or to protect the life of the mother." Walker acknowledges that is his position. We rate Barrett’s  .
Statement: Says that Dianne Feinstein said that "all vets are mentally ill in some way and government should prevent them from owning firearms.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 24, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: an image on Facebook
Fact-check justification: However, that  quote was fabricated and spread throughout the internet, especially across different political forums. The story has been recycling since 2013 and most of them cite Los Angeles Times columnist Burt Prelutsky as the initial source in order to gain credibility. According to Snopes.com, Burt Prelutsky is not a Los Angeles Times columnist. Feinstein's words were mangled beyond what she said. We rate this  .
Statement: The Obama administration said "they were going to be able to drive folks away from one of the most expensive areas for the provision of health care, and that is the emergency rooms. In fact, they did just the opposite.
Speaker: tom price
About the speaker: Rep. Tom Price is the Secretary of Health and Human Services in the Trump administration. Previously, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives for the 6th District of Georgia, an area that includes Marietta and Canton.
Date: March 7, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a press briefing
Fact-check justification: Price said the Obama administration said "they were going to be able to drive folks away from one of the most expensive areas for the provision of health care, and that is the emergency rooms. In fact, they did just the opposite." While the data varies a bit from study to study, the findings generally fail to provide any  that emergency room use has decreased after the law took effect. Indeed, several studies found increases in emergency room use, though modestly. Price overstated the case slightly, but he's basically correct. We rate the statement .
Statement: Our economy could fall $1 trillion short of its full capacity, which translates into more than $12,000 in lost income for a family of four.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 24, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;stimulus
Context: a weekly YouTube and radio address
Fact-check justification: Yes, the numbers are in line with a widely accepted nonpartisan source. But in trying to personalize the numbers for families, he takes things a step too far and oversimplifies. Many viewers and listeners might think most families will lose about $12,000 in income. Realistically, they will probably do much better or much worse than that. For that reason, we rate his statement .
Statement: Democrats have failed to answer the most basic question of how they want to pay for the more than $1 trillion of health care spending.
Speaker: roy blunt
About the speaker: Roy Blunt is the junior U.S. senator from Missouri. He was formerly a U.S. representative from Missouri’s 7th district, and served for six years as the Republican whip in that chamber.
Date: May 14, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: ... If they're serious, and it's not going to be smoke and mirrors, then they're going to have to make decisions that they haven't been willing to make so far." So Blunt is largely correct that that Democrats "have failed to answer" how to pay for health care. But they are putting forward ideas, and the Obama administration has identified $635 billion — perhaps optimistically — to get a plan started. So we rate Blunt's statement .
Statement: In the last couple of days, notices were sent (by officials in Ukraine) to Jews in one city indicating that they had to identify themselves as Jews.
Speaker: john kerry
About the speaker: John Kerry is the secretary of state. He previously was a senator from Massachusetts and the Democratic Party's nominee for president in 2004.
Date: April 17, 2014
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;foreign policy;religion
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Kerry said Ukrainian Jews are being asked to register. There was a flier, but it doesn’t seem to have been issued by any authority. No one knows yet who distributed them, but the separatist movement denies issuing the fliers. Jewish community leaders in the area have denounced the pamphlets’ legitimacy. Reporters on the ground in Donetsk say that the fliers aren’t being taken seriously, and no Jews are registering. Kerry’s comments included none of that context. It’s possible Kerry’s comments were drawn from what he considered to be legitimate news reports, but those earlier reports didn’t include the full picture of what was going on. Anyone listening to Kerry’s remarks would think that the requests were coming from some sort of authority on the ground that had the means to enforce its request, and that’s not the case. Kerry’s remarks did not accurately convey the situation on the ground in Ukraine. For these reasons, we rate his statement .
Statement: We defied the stand-down orders" during the Benghazi attack.
Speaker: mark geist
About the speaker: Mark "Oz" Geist was a member of the security team at the CIA annex in Benghazi, Libya, during the attack on the U.S. consulate in 2012.
Date: July 18, 2016
Location: national
Topics: history;foreign policy;terrorism
Context: a speech at the Republican convention
Fact-check justification: Geist said, "We defied the stand-down orders" during the Benghazi attack. All the  suggests that if the phrase "stand down" was used by officials — and there's debate about that — it was said only once in an effort to buy time to get intelligence information and equipment to a security team that was justifiably chomping at the bit to respond. Testimony in the House Select Committee on Benghazi report shows there was no stand-down order to defy because there was never an order to not intervene in the unfolding disaster. The "stand-down" story contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/34e74e97-56fe-47b1-9036-1078e78cbb74
Statement: Since the United States began negotiations with Iran, "that's probably the first year and a half in which Iran has not advanced its nuclear program in the last decade.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: December 21, 2014
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;nuclear
Context: comments on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Obama said that we have seen "probably the first year and a half in which Iran has not advanced its nuclear program in the last decade." The agreement signed in November 2013 has made it harder for Iran to produce weapons-grade nuclear material. International observers report that Iran complied with the terms of the temporary agreement. The amount of enriched uranium is less, and the country’s facilities to produce weapons-grade material has been curtailed. But that does not mean the country has completely stopped all activities that could produce nuclear weapons material in the future. There is also concern about broader aspects of a nuclear weapons program, such as weapons design and missile development. We rate Obama’s  .
Statement: Hospitals get paid $750 for patients who die from the flu, $17,500 for COVID-19.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 27, 2020
Topics: medicare;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that hospitals get paid $750 for patients who die from the flu, $17,500 for COVID-19. The $17,500 was roughly the average amount Medicare paid for a particular type of patient with a COVID-related diagnosis — one who has respiratory infection with complications and who needs a ventilator for up to 96 hours, according to Kaiser Family Foundation estimates for 2017. But hospitals are not paid set amounts for patients who die from the flu or from COVID-19. Medicare pays hospitals based primarily on a diagnosis, and the amount is not directly affected by whether a patient dies. And payments vary based on how much treatment a patient needs, the location of a hospital, to take into account wage differences, and other factors. The post misrepresents the way hospital reimbursements are determined and uses  numbers. We rate it .
Statement: Chris Christie has not been "effective at creating jobs … (or have) a record of governing for effectiveness. ...
New Jersey (has) one of the higher unemployment rates in the country at 9.4 percent.
Speaker: martin o'malley
About the speaker: Martin O'Malley is the former governor of Maryland who is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He has also served as the mayor of Baltimore.
Date: October 2, 2011
Location: national
Topics: jobs;states
Context: an interview on CBS's "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: O’Malley got the figure right (9.4 percent), and he has a point that New Jersey’s unemployment rate is higher than the national and regional averages. However, we think most people, if they heard O’Malley’s , would expect that a state with "one of the higher unemployment rates in the country" would rank higher than 15th out of 50 or 16th out of 51. Finally, O'Malley said, "When it comes to being effective at creating jobs … (Chris Christie has not had) a record of governing for effectiveness." Christie’s responsibility for his state’s difficult jobs picture is unclear. On balance, we rate his  .