chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Sadly during the course of the pandemic one-third of our small businesses have closed.
Speaker: kamala harris
About the speaker: Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States. Harris was elected as a senator from California in 2016. She previously was California’s attorney general from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 until 2011, she was the district attorney of San Francisco. Harris received a bachelor’s degree in political science and economics from Howard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in December. On Aug. 11, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden named Harris as his running mate.
Date: June 1, 2021
Location: california
Topics: economy;health care;small business
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: A recent Federal Reserve Board study found more businesses than expected reopened after initially shutting down.   Harris’ statement could have used some additional context, but is generally accurate.   We rated it .    – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information.
Statement: All (Maryland) crabs are born in Virginia.
Speaker: terry mcauliffe
About the speaker: Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat, was elected governor of Virginia on Nov. 5, 2013. He received 47.8 percent of the vote in defeating Republican Ken Cuccinelli, who came in at 45.2 percent. Robert Sarvis, a Libertarian, finished a distant third with 6.5 percent.
McAuliffe's inaguration as Virginia's 72nd governor is scheduled on Jan. 11, 2014.
McAuliffe, a wealthy businessman and noted political fundraiser, was co-chairman of President Bill Clinton's 1996 reelection campaign. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2005 and chairman of Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, McAuliffe unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Virginia governor.
McAuliffe was born in Syracuse, N.Y., on Feb. 9, 1957. He has a bachelor's degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. McAuliffe has lived in Fairfax County for more than 20 years, is married and has five children.
 
Date: July 21, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: animals;science
Context: a radio show
Fact-check justification: McAuliffe said, "All (Maryland) crabs are born in Virginia." He’s right when we’re talking about Chesapeake Bay crabs. There are, however, a small number of crabs that are born outside of the Chesapeake in Maryland coastal waters. So we rate the governor’s statement .
Statement: U.S. Senate candidate Jack Kingston voted for the "Cash for Clunkers" program.
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: May 17, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget
Context: television ad
Fact-check justification: Dolan added in another email that there was no House vote that would have allowed the money to return to the general fund or go to a more efficient program. In summary: Kingston, a member of the House Appropriations Committee, did vote to provide $2 billion to Cash for Clunkers after it ran through $1 billion in its first month. But Kingston did not vote for the program initially. His office says that the decision to further fund Cash for Clunker was made to cut funds from a more wasteful government program. We rate Perdue’s statement that Kingston voted for "Obama’s Cash for Clunkers" as .
Statement: Illegal immigration costs Georgia $2.4 billion a year
Speaker: federation for american immigration reform
About the speaker: The Federation for American Immigration Reform is an organization whose mission statement is to educate Americans about the costs of immigration, particularly illegal immigration.
Date: July 1, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration
Context: a report
Fact-check justification: Georgians who want tougher policies to deter illegal immigration should be careful using FAIR’s estimate. It is not a precise number and includes the U.S.-born children of illegal immigrants.    FAIR appears to be correct in its larger point that illegal immigration costs states such as Georgia large sums of money. But FAIR’s $2.4 billion estimate leaves out important details and in some cases takes things out of context. That meets our definition of .
Statement: We're going to have more troops (in Afghanistan) . . . than the Russians had.
Speaker: john murtha
About the speaker: John Murtha was a Democratic congressman who represented a district in western Pennsylvania. The former chairman of the House Appropriations Defense Subcommittee and a decorated Vietnam War veteran, Murtha died in February 2010.
Date: December 2, 2009
Location: national
Topics: afghanistan
Context: the show 'Hardball With Chris Matthews'
Fact-check justification: We asked Murtha's office about his statement, and his spokesman, Matt Mazonkey, said the congressman is right if NATO allies are included. Indeed, including foreign troops would bring the number up to 140,000. Murtha did not make this clear on Hardball; we believe most viewers would interpret his "we" to mean the United States. But since the United States is directing the effort, it's conceivable that some might include the total force with NATO allies, in which case Murtha would be correct. So we rate his  statement .
Statement: Video shows officials in Maricopa County, Arizona, "illegally breaking into" voting machines.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 28, 2023
Location: arizona
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: We rate the  that video shows officials in Maricopa County "illegally breaking into" voting machines . RELATED: Kari Lake claimed Maricopa County voters were ‘disenfranchised.’ Experts disagree RELATED: Kari Lake’s lawsuit does not show Arizona failed to verify signatures on mail ballots
Statement: The January 6 committee disbanded immediately after the new footage was released.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 7, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) The House Select Committee to investigate the Jan. 6 attack released its final report on Dec. 22. The committee officially shut down Jan. 3, when the Republican-led House was sworn in. After 18 months of investigation, the committee sent its work to the Justice Department, recommending that Trump be prosecuted in connection with the insurrection.   We rate claims that the committee disbanded because of the new footage .
Statement: There are "more gun deaths by far" in the United States than any other country in the world.
Speaker: dianne feinstein
About the speaker: Dianne Feinstein is a Democratic U.S. Senator from California.
Date: August 3, 2019
Location: california
Topics: criminal justice;crime;guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: America, however, had the highest total of suicides by firearm of any nation.   In the end, she was  that there are "more gun deaths by far" in the United States than any other country in the world.   We rate that portion of her  .     –   The statement is not accurate. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Sen. Mark Begich is ineffective because he has only "passed one bill, the naming of a building.
Speaker: dan sullivan
About the speaker: Dan Sullivan is a Republican senator from Alaska.
Date: September 17, 2014
Location: national
Topics: congress;message machine 2014
Context: a Facebook meme
Fact-check justification: Sullivan said Begich is ineffective because he has passed only "one bill, the naming of a building." Technically, Sullivan has a point -- at the time Sullivan’s post went up, Begich had only sponsored one bill that was eventually enacted, and it named a courthouse. Another Begich-sponsored bill concerning veterans’ issues subsequently passed both the House and Senate. However, this is an oversimplification, since Begich has had success pushing a legislative agenda in ways that don’t end up with his name on an enacted bill. Notably, Begich has been one of a small number of co-sponsors on bills that have passed, and legislative language he sponsored has ended up enacted in bills with someone else’s name on it. The  is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: Prison phone companies charge as much as $25 for a 15-minute call.
Speaker: elizabeth warren
About the speaker: Elizabeth Warren is a senator from Massachusetts. Warren was elected to the Senate in 2012 and was re-elected in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024. Warren received a bachelor’s degree in speech pathology and audiology from the University of Houston and a J.D. from Rutgers Law School. In 2019, she announced her race for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 5, 2020.
Date: June 21, 2019
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a policy proposal to ban private prisons
Fact-check justification: Those are outliers, but thousands of inmates at more than 90 facilities pay high charges for a single call. The FCC’s webpage talks about "excessive rates and egregious fees. "  Warren didn’t distinguish between prisons and jails, but for prisoners and their families, the fees they face are high. Warren’s words are largely accurate but more context helps round out the picture. We rate this  .
Statement: Says she condemned violence at a campaign stop in Arizona in March.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: January 12, 2011
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a video statement on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Keep fighting hard for these candidates who are all about the common-sense conservative solutions that we need." Palin said that back in March she condemned violence and said, "We know violence isn't the answer. When we 'take up our arms', we're talking about our vote." We checked the transcript and found that was the case. We rate her statement .
Statement: The United States has never stood by and seen innocent people slaughtered to the extent that's happening in Syria.
Speaker: saxby chambliss
About the speaker: Saxby Chambliss, a Republican, is a United States senator from Georgia
Date: June 13, 2013
Location: national
Topics: history;foreign policy;military
Context: an interview on CNN's "The Situation Room"
Fact-check justification: Chambliss said, "The United States has never stood by and seen innocent people slaughtered to the extent that's happening in Syria." That  is undercut by myriad examples in which more than 100,000 civilians were killed yet the United States did not take direct and significant action. We rate the  .
Statement: Mitt Romney previously believed "that abortion should be safe and legal in this country." Now he is "prolife.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: January 28, 2008
Location: national
Topics: abortion
Context: an ad on the Internet
Fact-check justification: ( PolitiFact.com looked at Romney's abortion record previously; check out our stories here and here .) McCain's ad accurately conveys Romney's positions now and during the previous times Romney has run for office. The ad clearly labels which statements were made during which campaign. For this reason, we find the ad's statements . For more on McCain's ad attacking Romney, see our story here .
Statement: Says the "bones of children" were found on Jeffrey Epstein's island.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 22, 2019
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "FBI Divers Recover Human Bones In Waters Off Epstein ‘Orgy Island’ As ‘Deep State’ Meltdown Accelerates." The website, and author "Sorcha Faal, " are known to spread disinformation by including existing fragments of legitimate news in their stories (in this case by writing that Epstein owned an island and the FBI raided the premises) and then use that as a base to construct outrageous  narratives, claiming to be the first to break the story with no credible sources. A group of FBI investigators did raid Epstein’s island on Aug. 12, but there were no reports of human bones found anywhere, including below "Epstein’s satanic temple," as the article claims.   News organizations around the world have reported extensively and in great detail on the Epstein case, so the fact that no credible media outlet revealed any of this information further points to it being fabricated. We rate this statement .
Statement: The White House presented commemorative coins" dedicated to Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 17, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Associated Press reported that the shop used to have a physical location in Washington but now runs its business online with a distribution center in Rochester, Michigan. Both "White House Gift Shop" and "White House Gift Shop, Est. 1946," are trademarked by Giannini Strategic Enterprises, according to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office’s records.   The nonprofit White House Historical Association — which runs two retail shops located near the White House in Washington, including one at the White House Visitor Center — confirmed to PolitiFact that its stores are not selling the commemorative Zelenskyy coins. There is no mention of the coins on the White House’s official government website, either. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: What is the proper collective noun for a group of baboons? Believe it or not . . . a Congress!
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: December 10, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: animals;congress;history;polls and public opinion
Context: a message via the Internet
Fact-check justification: The e-mail claiming that a group of baboons is known as a congress states the  as fact and tickles our sense of irony at a time when the U.S. Congress' approval rating is about 16 percent or lower. But the correct term is a "troop." You may be tempted to call the U.S. Congress a group of baboons, yet a group of baboons is not a congress. If someone presents this joke e-mail to you as the , tell them they need to step away from the smoke detector because they've got  ! (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.) https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/7f02b2ff-653c-4a8a-99fa-c45c7acdb872
Statement: The United States has "more of our people in prison than Russia, China, and North Korea combined.
Speaker: matthew cooke
About the speaker: Matthew Cooke is a producer, screenwriter and director, including the writer-director of the 2012 satirical documentary How to Make Money Selling Drugs. He contributes short videos and columns to the Ron Paul Channel and the Huffington Post.
Date: December 10, 2014
Topics: china;crime;punditfact
Context: a Huffington Post column
Fact-check justification: Cooke (and Grenier) tried to make a striking point about the size of the U.S. prison population when they wrote, "We have more of our people in prison than Russia, China, and North Korea combined." When we contacted Cooke, he acknowledged that the comparison is questionable, as respected (and conservative) estimates for China and Russia alone exceed the low-end count of American prisoners. Cooke said he would change the line in the column to be more accurate, and it now says, "We have more of our people in prison than anyone else -- more than Iran, more than North Korea, more than Russia or even China." (Kudos to him for acknowledging the error.) Still, experts say the preferred measure of comparison, a country’s incarceration rate, shows the United States far ahead of other countries, which supports the underlying point. We rate the  .
Statement: Earlier this year, the head of the Congressional Budget Office testified before Congress that implementation of Obamacare would cost 800,000 jobs.
Speaker: adam hasner
About the speaker: Adam Hasner, R-Delray Beach, is a former Majority Leader for the Florida House of Representatives.
Date: June 8, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: health care;jobs
Context: a press statement
Fact-check justification: There could be the equivalent of 800,000 fewer workers thanks to the federal health care law, according to the CBO, but not because employers wouldn't hire them. It's because workers wouldn't have to work because the new law expands health care coverage. That means people working primarily for health care would either reduce their hours or leave the job market altogether. Hasner's statement is out of context and . We rate it .
Statement: Seven of America's 10 wealthiest counties are in the Washington, D.C., area.
Speaker: jim jordan
About the speaker: Jim Jordan is a member of the House of Representative from Ohio's 4th Congressional District. A conservative Republican, Jordan is chair of the Republican Study Committee.
Date: January 6, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: an interview on Fox News Sunday
Fact-check justification: "It’s not only that we have low unemployment and a lot of dual-income households," Stephen Fuller, director of the Center for Regional Analysis at George Mason University told the Post. "We lost a few government jobs, but not the high-paying, professional business-service jobs that are still growing, if not as fast as they used to. Since the rest of the country is in such poor shape, we just have to show a little bit of growth here, and we look pretty good." Jordan’s  that the Washington area contains seven of the 10 wealthiest counties in the nation checks out. On the -o-Meter, his  rates .
Statement: King Charles III signed "a proclamation stating that Donald Trump won the 2020 presidential election and is the rightful president by law.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 11, 2022
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed King Charles III signed "a proclamation stating that Donald Trump won the 2020 presidential election" and planned to declare war on the U.S. if Biden did not step aside.  That’s a fabrication. At a ceremony on Sept. 10, Charles signed an oath stating that he would uphold the Church of Scotland. He took no action related to the 2020 U.S. election nor did he threaten war of any kind.  We rate this  . RELATED: The facts of a fair US election have only gotten stronger since Capitol attack
Statement: In Virginia, "the woman has the right to talk to the doctor who's going to perform the abortion and (Democrats) wanted to strip that out.
Speaker: bob thomas
About the speaker: Bob Thomas, R-Stafford, was elected to the House of Delegates in 2017, winning a seat that had been left open by the retirement of Speaker William Howell. Before that, he served six years on the Stafford County Board of Supervisors.
He was born in Sandusky, Ohio, and enlisted in the Marines after he graduated from high school, serving from 1995-2003. He is a graduate of Excelsior College and is co-owner of small business, Capriccio Software. 
 
Date: May 8, 2019
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion
Fact-check justification: Thomas said a Virginia woman "has the right to talk to the doctor who’s going to perform the abortion and (Democrats) wanted to strip that out." He’s referring to a failed bill that would have repealed many abortion laws, including a requirement that a woman be offered an opportunity to talk beforehand with the physician who will perform the procedure. The legislation was sponsored by a Democrat. The bill would not have tinkered with a woman’s right to choose a doctor who would speak to her before performing an abortion. It would have simply removed a requirement that she be offered an opportunity to speak to the physician before the procedure. There’s a big difference between those two provisions. We rate Thomas’ statement . EDITOR'S NOTE, May 17, 2019 : Due to a production error, this article was initially posted with a logo indicating , even though the statement was rated , as the story itself correctly noted. We have updated the logo to match the ruling.
Statement: I delivered to you a budget that ... cuts taxes by $2 billion.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: March 8, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: state budget
Context: his State of the State speech
Fact-check justification: Taken together, that is a total of $1.7 billion in tax and fee cuts in 2011-12 -- slightly below the figure he claimed in his speech. (Scott's office, by the way, claims a total of $4.1 billion over two years, but that number is deceiving because most cuts in the second year of Scott's budget aren't additional cuts ; they are just the same cuts rolled over.) Scott said his budget cuts taxes by $2 billion. But really, the number is about 15 percent high, based on the estimates of his own budget office. We rate this  .
Statement: The Orange County, Florida, school board "voted to make it impossible for a student to receive a grade below 50.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: November 20, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Bush said that the Orange County school board "voted to make it impossible for a student to receive a grade below 50. You get 50 out of 100 just for showing up and signing your name." The school board voted that 50 is the minimum number for quarter and semester grades, though it’s still possible to get a lower grade on an individual assignment or test. We rate the  .