chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says CNN reported that Joe Biden authorized "a U.S. intervention in Haiti after the assassination of President Jovenel Moïse.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 8, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: After Moïse was assassinated on July 7, Biden issued a statement condemning the "heinous attack" and said that the "United States offers condolences to the people of Haiti and we stand ready to assist as we continue to work for a safe and secure Haiti. "  He did not say he was sending 10,000 troops there. In the days since this  CNN headline was published, Haiti has asked for U.S. troops to help stabilize the country in the wake of the killing. In a story updated on July 13, the New York Times reported that officials in the Biden administration have thus far "expressed caution about any deployment to Haiti." We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: More people without health care since George Bush took office; more children in poverty since George Bush took office.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 18, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Williamsport, Pa
Fact-check justification: We take him to mean that more children are below the poverty level now than in 2000. Census statistics support that point, showing the population of families below the poverty level with children under the age of 18 increased from 4.9-million in 2000 to 5.8-million in 2006. Obama correctly cites the growing number of uninsured Americans, as well as children in poverty, since President Bush took office. But by making Bush's tenure the benchmark for measuring those statistics, Obama is implying a level of direct responsibility for the numbers that can't quite be established with complicated social matters. That brings us to .
Statement: Says the New York Times reported that Hillary Clinton and George Soros "paid (a) woman to accuse Trump of sexual attack.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 29, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: Soros and Clinton were popular targets of Russian disinformation in 2016. We could not confirm who or what is behind the Red Pilled News site. But an analysis from Hoaxy, a tool that detects automated Twitter accounts, shows that a sizeable number of bot-like accounts have amplified the site’s content. The Red Pilled News article is . We rate it .
Statement: When Republicans last controlled the presidency and Congress, "the number of people on food stamps (and) the number of people in low-income housing went through the roof.
Speaker: glenn grothman
About the speaker: Republican Glenn Grothman, of the Town of Glenbeulah in Sheboygan County, was first elected to Congress in 2014 after serving 21 years in the Wisconsin Legislature. He represents the 6th Congressional District in east-central Wisconsin that includes all or parts of Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Fond du Lac, Dodge, Winnebago, Columbia, Green Lake, Marquette and Waushara counties.  
 
Date: April 4, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: bush administration;housing;poverty;welfare
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: He also said the Bush administration added more housing vouchers and congressional Republicans didn’t move to curtail spending on housing assistance. Our rating Grothman said that when Republicans last controlled the presidency and Congress, from roughly 2001 to 2007, "the number of people on food stamps (and) the number of people in low-income housing went through the roof." After having declined for a number of years, the number of people receiving food stamps increased 52 percent during the period, as the Bush administration and Congress widened eligibility and encouraged more eligible people to apply. The increase in people living in low-income housing was more modest, but still significant. We rate Grothman’s  .
Statement: Says Greg Abbott "converted over $1 million in federal grant money intended for use to prosecute online sexual predators and other cyber crimes and instead used it to harass and prosecute senior citizens who were assisting other senior citizens in applying for mail-in ballots.
Speaker: lone star project
About the speaker: The Lone Star Project describes itself as "providing fact-based political and legislative analysis designed to help individuals, organizations and the press see beyond the rhetoric and misinformation typically provided by the current Republican State Leadership in Texas and Texas Republicans in Washington... The Lone Star Project is organized as an activity of the Lone Star Fund, which is a federal political action committee registered with the Federal Elections Commission."
Date: July 14, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: criminal justice;elections;legal issues;crime
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The Lone Star Project said Abbott "converted over $1 million in federal grant money intended for use to prosecute online sexual predators and other cyber crimes and instead used it to harass and prosecute senior citizens who were assisting other senior citizens in applying for mail-in ballots." Actually, less than $100,000 of a grant—less than one-fifteenth of it--was spent investigating alleged violations of election law. The grant aid also wasn't restricted, or necessarily intended for, other purposes. So there was no conversion. Senior citizens were pursued, but our sense is it’s an eye-of-the-beholder question whether the investigations were harassment. We rate this  as .
Statement: Says Dr. Anthony Fauci "stands to lose 100 million dollars on Bill Gates 'vaccine' for the coronavirus. Because he invested in this vaccine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 12, 2020
Topics: ethics;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims Fauci has downplayed the potential use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat coronavirus patients because he stands to lose $100 million on a Gates-funded vaccine. There are 70 potential COVID-19 vaccines in development, one of which was created by NIAID scientists in partnership with Moderna, Inc. That vaccine is being manufactured by an organization that the Gates Foundation supports, but there’s no  that NIAID or Fauci will directly profit from that support. And the Gates Foundation has pledged up to $60 million for vaccine development, not $100 million, as the post says. Some studies have found that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine could help treat coronavirus patients, but others have found no effect at all. Public health officials have urged caution due to the uncertainty and the adverse side effects of the drugs. The Facebook post is . We rate it .
Statement: Small trials" to test convalescent plasma therapy for coronavirus patients "seem to have had some degree of success.
Speaker: jamie nadler
About the speaker: Jamie N. Nadler is a clinical assistant professor in the University of Buffalo's Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences.
Date: April 14, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: health care;public health;coronavirus
Context: a newspaper interview
Fact-check justification: Nadler said that "there have been small trials and small attempts around the world" to test convalescent plasma therapy for coronavirus patients, and they "seem to have had some degree of success." We found two Chinese studies that have found initial success, though more research is needed to confirm these results more broadly. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says that "those who stormed the capitol yesterday were not Trump supporters. They have been confirmed to be Antifa.
Speaker: ken paxton
About the speaker: As a Republican state senator, Ken Paxton won election as Texas attorney general in 2014. He previously served as a Texas House member from McKinney.
Date: January 7, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: jan. 6
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: She told the Midland Reporter-Telegram, without offering , that antifa activists broke through Capitol barriers and assaulted police officers before she arrived. Paxton published two social media posts following Wednesday’s pro-Trump riot at Capitol Hill saying that the rioters were not Trump supporters, but antifa.    Paxton based his  on two sources — a deleted tweet and a retracted Washington Times article.  Beyond those dubious sources, there’s no  showing that those who stormed the capitol were antifa.    We rate Paxton’s  .
Statement: Rob Teilhet, Just another career politician.
Speaker: ken hodges
About the speaker: Ken Hodges is Dougherty County District Attorney.
Date: June 11, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: public service
Context: a campaign flier
Fact-check justification: He is certainly a young man in a hurry, and one with major political ambitions. But some political experts believe his eight years in the Legislature does not qualify Teilhet for the title "career politician." Some, like Kennesaw State University political science professor Kerwin Swint, say Hodges should not make such accusations, based on his 12 years in office. "They might not have thought this through," he said. We rate this attack as .
Statement: Treasury Department's inspector general found "there's $4 billion a year in excess payments" going to people that shouldn't get them. "These are mostly Mexicans.
Speaker: jeff sessions
About the speaker: Jeff Sessions is President Donald Trump's Attorney General. He was previously a U.S. Senator from Alabama.
 
Date: April 23, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;economy;homeland security
Context: an interview on ABC's This Week
Fact-check justification: Sessions said, the Treasury Department's inspector general found "there's $4 billion a year in excess payments" going to people that shouldn’t get them. "These are  Mexicans." An audit did find $4.2 billion in refundable credits for child care were paid to individuals who are not authorized to work in the United States. Those $4.2 billion were claimed in tax processing year 2010, but about 11 percent of claimants in 2010 filed tax returns for multiple years, meaning that amount wouldn't necessarily be available annually. Sessions says these people "shouldn’t" get the tax credit. That may be his opinion, but there’s nothing in the law now saying they can’t  the credits. The audit didn’t have anything to say about the nationality of those who claimed the credits, though other  suggests it’s likely that about half could be Mexican. Sessions’ statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: The average person "will pay $6,000 more a year" under Rep. Paul Ryan's Medicare proposal.
Speaker: tim ryan
About the speaker: Tim Ryan is a representative of Ohio’s 13th Congressional District. Ryan served the state’s 17th Congressional District from 2003 until 2013, when he assumed office to represent the 13th District. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president. In 2022, he is running for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat.
Date: May 24, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: deficit;federal budget;health care;medicare
Context: the House of Representatives
Fact-check justification: "While private plans may be able to achieve lower utilization through tighter costs and care management practices, the CBO believes the total costs of providing a similar benefit package would be higher under private plans than Medicare, and that the differential between the costs under traditional Medicare and the costs under private plans would widen over time," the Kaiser report says. Paul Ryan’s proposal would reduce federal spending for Medicare by providing future beneficiaries with a fixed amount of money they could put towards an insurance premium, leaving them on the hook for significantly greater out-of-pocket payments than they’d pay under the current Medicare system. In his speech, Tim Ryan said said that those new out-of-pocket costs would amount to $6,000 each year, a bit of less than what the CBO calculated. So although perhaps undersold, Tim Ryan’s  is accurate with nothing significant missing for an understanding. On the -O-Meter, that rates as .
Statement: When you tally up their representation in Congress and governorships, the Democrats almost have their lowest representation in about 100 years.
Speaker: fareed zakaria
About the speaker: Fareed Zakaria hosts CNN's Fareed Zakaria GPS and is a Washington Post columnist.
Date: June 10, 2018
Topics: congress;punditfact
Context: a monologue
Fact-check justification: Zakaria said, "When you tally up their representation in Congress, state legislatures and governorships, the Democrats almost have their lowest representation in about 100 years." Democrats wield less power than Republicans in each of these offices. In the 1920s, they had an even weaker standing relative to the GOP than they do today. But Zakaria hedged his bets by saying Democrats almost have their lowest representation in about 100 years — and the numbers appear to back him up. We rate this .
Statement: Pfizer Confirms COVID-Vaccinated People Can 'Shed' Spike Proteins And Harm The Unvaccinated
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 27, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A blog post claims, "Pfizer Confirms COVID-Vaccinated People Can ‘Shed’ Spike Proteins And Harm The Unvaccinated." People vaccinated against COVID-19 cannot shed spike proteins, and spike proteins produced through vaccination cannot infect others. Vaccine shedding is not possible with the COVID-19 vaccines used in the U.S. Pfizer did not confirm that people can shed spike proteins. That  is based on a misinterpretation of the company’s clinical trial protocol. We rate this  .
Statement: Soft-tissue cancer diagnoses have "climbed through the roof" in 2021 as a result of COVID-19 vaccines.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 10, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post implied that an anecdotal spike in soft-tissue cancers is due to the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. However, there is no  to support that . There has been a gradual rise in new diagnoses of soft-tissue cancer over recent years, one expert said, and any actual rise this year would likely be due to those continued trends. There is also no  to support the  from Cole that the COVID vaccines are responsible for overall increases in cancer or other illnesses. We rate this  .
Statement: Under Greg Abbott's leadership, Texas is putting taxpayer dollars into Chinese companies.
Speaker: don huffines
About the speaker: Don Huffines, a Dallas businessman elected in 2014 to represent Texas Senate District 16, was vice chair of the Veteran Affairs & Border Security Committee in the 2017 Legislature. He is a 2022 candidate for the Republican nomination for governor of Texas.
Date: February 12, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: china;pensions;state budget;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Huffines said in an ad: "Under Greg Abbott’s leadership, Texas is putting taxpayer dollars into Chinese companies." Texas public pension funds, which include taxpayer money, have invested in Chinese companies. But Huffines' use of the word "leadership" suggests Abbott is directly leading the investment decisions. He is not doing that, Abbott’s role is limited. The governor appoints the boards that oversee the public pension systems, and the day-to-day investment decisions are made by the systems, not Abbott.  Huffines’ statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That’s our definition of .
Statement: Adam Laxalt took "campaign cash" from drug companies "and used his office to block local attempts at holding one of the worst offenders accountable.
Speaker: catherine cortez masto
About the speaker: Catherine Cortez Masto was elected to the U.S. Senate in November 2016 in Nevada. She previously served two terms as Nevada's Attorney General.
Date: August 18, 2022
Location: nevada
Topics: campaign finance;elections
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: But the ad leaves a  impression; Laxalt did not "block" the effort.   Laxalt said he worried the city’s action could undermine an ongoing investigation by a multistate coalition that included Nevada. Separately, Nevada sued Purdue Pharma, alleging deceptive practices.   Reno ultimately sued the opioid companies, and Laxalt supported the move.   We rate the  .
Statement: Video of a Q&A response from Amazon's Alexa confirms that chemtrails are being used "to reduce the human population.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: April 6, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: A TikTok video suggests that Alexa’s answer to a question about chemtrails confirmed they are being used to reduce the human population. Chemtrails are not real, and scientists say "well-understood physical and chemical processes" debunk the alleged  for them. There are several reasons Alexa might have provided the response, but none of those reasons validate the  in this widely debunked conspiracy theory. Though Alexa provided an answer about chemtrails being used for depopulation, it does not confirm that chemtrails are real. We rate the  .
Statement: Fox News sought the legal "right to tell lies.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 21, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: legal issues;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  The post cited a lawsuit from 1998. PolitiFact found that the case did not involve Fox News Channel; it centered on a local TV station owned and operated by a subsidiary of Fox Corp.   The lawsuit involved two reporters who sued a Fox-owned affiliate over breach of contract and retaliatory firing. The station didn't contend it had no legal obligation to be truthful, nor did a court uphold that.   We rate this  .
Statement: Says Adam Putnam "opposed bringing troops, putting troops on our southern border using the National Guard.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: May 2, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: voting record
Context: during an interview
Fact-check justification: DeSantis said Putnam "opposed bringing troops, putting troops on our southern border using the National Guard." Context is key. In 2004, Putnam did vote against an amendment that authorized the secretary of defense to assign members of the military under certain circumstances to assist the Department of Homeland Security in securing the border.  What the  leaves out is Putnam’s overall support for Trump’s immigration policy. While Putnam has not commented on Trump’s specific plan to send National Guard to the border, he is generally enthusiastic about Trump’s approach to immigration. It’s also worth noting that as a member of Congress, Putnam took several votes in favor of border security measures and funding enforcement. We rate this  .
Statement: The Republican-controlled Wisconsin Senate approved a bill "denying veterans the right to recover their medical costs for cancers they developed while serving their country.
Speaker: chris larson
About the speaker: Chris Larson, a Milwaukee Democrat, was elected to the Wisconsin state Senate in November 2010. A former member of the Milwaukee County Board, he is a candidate for Milwaukee County executive in 2016.
Date: March 12, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment;military;veterans
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: Double dipping arguably depletes funds available for other cancer victims who have legitimate claims. Our rating Larson said the Republican-controlled Wisconsin Senate approved a bill "denying veterans the right to recover their medical costs for cancers they developed while serving their country." The bill does not target veterans and does not deny their right to seek compensation, both from existing and now-bankrupt asbestos-related companies, for cancer they contracted as a result of serving in the military. But Larson’s  contains an element of , in that the bill could result in some veterans collecting less money from legal actions than they could under the current system for seeking compensation. We rate Larson’s statement .
Statement: Pads and tampons (are) still taxed when Viagra and Rogaine are not.
Speaker: ashley judd
About the speaker: Ashley Judd is an actress and political activist. 
Date: January 21, 2017
Topics: women;taxes;punditfact
Context: a speech at the Women's March
Fact-check justification: Judd said, "Pads and tampons (are) still taxed when Viagra and Rogaine are not." Most states do tax tampons and pads, but not Viagra. Judd is off the mark for Rogaine, which is taxed in most states.   But it’s important to note that these taxes apply to broad categories and are not specific to tampons or Viagra. Birth control, for example, would also be exempt from taxation in most states because it, like Viagra, is a prescription drug. We rate Judd’s  .
Statement: Mitt Romney "drove to Canada with the family dog Seamus strapped to the roof of the car.
Speaker: gail collins
About the speaker: Gail Collins is a columnist with the New York Times. She previously served on the New York Times editorial board and as a columnist for the New York Daily News and Newsday.
Date: September 8, 2011
Location: national
Topics: animals;candidate biography;pundits
Context: a column
Fact-check justification: It's important to note that the dog was not literally strapped to the car, as in tied around its midsection. Rather, Seamus was in a carrier with a protective windscreen that Romney had built. The dog's diarrhea might indicate that something was amiss, but Romney's family didn't seem bothered by it. The anecdote is presented in the  Globe  as funny family story, not as  of Romney's barbaric cruelty. We rate Collins' statement .