chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: We have a host of issues associated with high B.M.I.s. But correlation doesn't prove causation, and there's a significant body of research showing that weight stigma and weight cycling can explain most if not all of the associations we see between higher weights and poor health outcomes.
Speaker: christy harrison
About the speaker: Christy Harrison, MPH, RD, CDN is an anti-diet registered dietitian nutritionist and certified intuitive eating counselor based in New York City. She offers online courses and private intuitive eating coaching to help people all over the world make peace with food and their bodies. Since 2013 Christy has hosted Food Psych, a podcast exploring people's relationships with food and paths to body acceptance. It is now one of iTunes’ top 100 health podcasts, reaching tens of thousands of listeners worldwide each week. 
Christy began her career in 2003 as a journalist covering food, nutrition, and health, and she's written for and edited major publications including Gourmet, The Food Network, Refinery29, Slate, BuzzFeed, Modernist Cuisine, Epicurious, and many more. As an expert on intuitive eating, Health at Every Size, and people's relationships with food, she's been quoted in top media outlets including The Washington Post, Self, Health, Refinery29, Men's Fitness, Bon Appetit, The Observer, and more. Her forthcoming book, Anti-Diet: Reclaim Your Time, Money, Well-Being, and Happiness Through Intuitive Eating, will be published by Little, Brown Spark in December of 2019 and is available for pre-order now. Learn more about Christy and her work at christyharrison.com.
Date: August 26, 2019
Topics: health care;public health;health check
Context: a recent New York Times column
Fact-check justification: Harrison said the notion that a higher BMI causes poor health outcomes "just isn’t " ― adding that "we have a host of issues associated with high BMIs. But correlation doesn’t prove causation, and there’s a significant body of research showing that weight stigma and weight cycling can explain most if not all of the associations we see between higher weights and poor health outcomes." On a strict reading of the science, she has a point. It is very difficult to prove definitively what causes disease, and showing "correlation" is a different finding than causation. However, she appears to apply this standard selectively, using it both to undermine the relationship between high BMI and poor health outcomes, and as  of how weight cycling and stigma are linked to certain chronic health conditions.  But in the case of obesity, researchers in multiple studies nationally and worldwide have shown definite links between being overweight and developing diseases, such as diabetes, and conditions, such as painful joints. There is far less  for the role that weight stigma and yo-yo dieting has in the development of those medical problems, although the experts urge continuing research into those questions. We rate Harrison’s statement as .
Statement: Says "Bernie Sanders was there when it came to (same-sex) marriage 20 years ago. ... He was there when it wasn't popular.
Speaker: chuck todd
About the speaker: Chuck Todd is a political analyst and reporter for NBC and MSNBC.
Date: September 27, 2015
Topics: civil rights;corrections and updates;lgbtq;marriage;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Todd said that Sanders was "there" 20 years ago on the issue of same-sex marriage. What we found specific to same-sex marriage is that Sanders opposed defining marriage exclusively as between a man and a woman. He expressed that opinion through his votes, and in conversations with activists in his state. Todd’s  is accurate. We rate it . Editor's note, March 21, 2016:  This fact-check has been updated to include Sanders' 2006 positions and comments to the Associated Press.
Statement: Says opponent U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore 'is Wisconsin's most absent member of Congress, missing nearly 17 percent of the House votes in the second quarter of 2012.'
Speaker: dan sebring
About the speaker: Dan Sebring is a Republican candidate for the Fourth District Congressional seat in Wisconsin, now held by Democrat Gwen Moore. The district is centered on Milwaukee and suburbs.
Date: October 1, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: voting record
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: Our rating Sebring says Moore is the state’s "most absent" member of Congress and that she missed 17 percent of the House votes in the second quarter of 2012. Indeed, Moore missed nearly 17 percent of the votes in the second quarter. That is Moore’s worst quarter, but it also amounts to Sebring doing some cherry-picking of data. A longer period shows a lower percentage, but even that places Moore at the top of the state’s eight-member delegation. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Illinois gubernatorial candidate Bill Brady's first priority after winning the primary "was to sponsor a bill that would mass-euthanize sheltered dogs and cats in gas chambers.
Speaker: pat quinn
About the speaker: Pat Quinn, a Democrat, is the governor of Illinois.
Date: September 30, 2010
Location: national
Topics: agriculture;message machine 2010
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: So where does this leave us? Quinn's stark ad is right that the bill was sponsored two days after the primary but it incorrectly suggests that it was Brady's first act after winning. Quinn is close on the substance of what the bill would have done. But the ad oversteps somewhat in suggesting that the bill would have required mass euthanizations, rather than just allowing them, and it glosses over the fact that Brady dropped his sponsorship and that the bill has been moot for most of this year. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: The coalition of Arab states against Libya's Moammar Gadhafi is the biggest coalition against a fellow Arab leader since the Persian Gulf War in 1990-1991.
Speaker: robin wright
About the speaker: Robin Wright is a veteran diplomatic correspondent who is currently a senior fellow at the U.S. Institute of Peace.
Date: March 20, 2011
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week with Christiane Amanpour"
Fact-check justification: But they didn’t, and now they have. And I wouldn’t say that’s trivial." Stephen McInerney, executive director of the Project on Middle East Democracy, agreed, saying that the difference between the lack of Arab support for the Iraq War and the support for the situation in Libya is "extremely significant." The full history of this episode remains to be written. But at this early stage, we rate Wright’s statement .
Statement: We have a mayor in D.C. who formed a commission with recommendations. Her recommendation is: Take down the Washington Monument, close up the Lincoln Monument.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 24, 2020
Location: national
Topics: race and ethnicity
Context: a campaign rally
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "We have a mayor in D.C. who formed a commission with recommendations. Her recommendation is: Take down the Washington Monument, close up the Lincoln Monument. No, no. These are serious." Bowser has not petitioned for tearing down the Washington Monument or Lincoln Memorial.  A report from a working group she established in July did urge her to encourage the federal government to "remove, relocate or contextualize" the Washington Monument, not the Lincoln Memorial. But the mayor had the references to federal monuments deleted from the report, and her office quickly clarified that the commission’s call was for "contextualizing, not removing."  We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: Over the past two years, climate and weather disaster damage has cost the U.S. over $400 billion.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: December 10, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment;climate change;federal budget
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Baldwin said "Over the past two years, climate and weather disaster damage has cost the U.S. over $400 billion." Her  is on target for 2017 and 2018 -- though if  the two years were measured from the date of her , essentially covering 2018 and 2019, there was a much-lesser amount in damages. Our definition of  is "The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information."  That fits here.
Statement: The White House plans to call for lockdowns due to the delta variant and is "aiming for late 2nd week of August, per WH official.
Speaker: jack posobiec
About the speaker: Jack Posobiec is a conservative activist who frequently supports Donald Trump on Twitter.
Date: July 29, 2021
Location: national
Topics: economy;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Posobiec said the White House plans to call for lockdowns to curb the spread of the delta variant. We found no  of that. The Biden administration has said it’s listening to guidance from public health officials, but emphasizing vaccinations and mask wearing to avoid the need for lockdowns or school closures. Biden has repeatedly said that between vaccines and masks, the U.S. has the tools to combat this wave without resorting to shutdowns. We rate this  . Kiannah Sepeda-Miller of PolitiFact Illinois and Paul Specht of PolitiFact North Carolina contributed reporting to this fact-check.
Statement: Says that "when federal bureaucrats wanted to prohibit the use of wooden cheese boards, which help make tens of millions of pounds of cheese a year" she "stepped in, helped eliminate the regulations.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: April 16, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: agriculture;consumer safety;food
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The FDA, ACS, state and local governments, among others, all share the same goal: to ensure that the cheese Americans enjoy is safe. Our rating In a TV ad, Baldwin said that "when federal bureaucrats wanted to prohibit the use of wooden cheese boards, which help make tens of millions of pounds of cheese a year" she "stepped in, helped eliminate the regulations." Baldwin’s actions in the cheese board dustup included phone calls, a letter to the FDA and the introduction of an amendment, all of which helped prompt a clarification of its cheese board policy. The FDA says the regulation dealing with sanitary practices was never eliminated, though the agency’s clarification of its policy did allow the cheesemaking to continue. For a statement that is accurate but requires clarification or additional information, our rating is .
Statement: After laying off 30,000 people, Carly Fiorina said that in retrospect, "I would have done them all faster.
Speaker: anonymous cyber-squatter
About the speaker: This website pranked Republican Carly Fiorina around the time she announced her presidential bid in 2015.
Date: May 4, 2015
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;corporations;jobs
Context: a website
Fact-check justification: The cyber-squatter site claims that after laying off "30,000 people," Carly Fiorina said that in retrospect, "I would have done them all faster." While the number is accurate -- acknowledged in a 2006 interview by Fiorina -- the comment that "I would have done them all faster" is pulled out of context. In fact, Fiorina was more specifically referring to her decisions to force out a small number of top-level executives, not tens of thousands of rank-and-file employees. The  is partially accurate, but takes some things out of context, so we rate it .
Statement: California firefighters decided "to speak out" against President Trump because his tweet about the state's wildfires "contained so much misinformation.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: December 12, 2019
Location: california
Topics: climate change;elections;fires;unions
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Former vice president and current Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden attacked President Trump in a recent campaign ad over his comments last year on California’s deadly wildfires. The Biden ad claimed California firefighters "spoke out" against the president over a controversial tweet he made as the fires raged. The tweet included a threat to withhold federal funds.   The ad shows two fire leaders, including the president of the state’s largest firefighter union, speaking out when asked about Trump’s statements. Full interviews with those leaders show they went on to make even stronger critiques of Trump. Additional news reports show other top fire leaders calling out the president’s tweet as misinformed and an inappropriate use of politics during a time of crisis.  This backs up the main assertion about firefighters speaking out. We rated the  in the Biden ad as .   –  The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. Ask PolitiFact California! Do you have a question about California politics or government?  Send it to us here  and one of our reporters will consider it for our next ‘Ask PolitiFact California’ report.
Statement: We are incarcerating more children than any time ... since we interned Japanese-Americans during World War II
Speaker: beto o'rourke
About the speaker: Beto O’Rourke is a former representative of Texas’s 16th Congressional District. He represented the district from 2013 until 2019, when he gave up his seat to run a senate campaign against incumbent Ted Cruz, which O’Rourke lost. He received a bachelor’s degree in English literature from Columbia University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: July 11, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: border security;children;military
Context: a public forum
Fact-check justification: O’Rourke claimed the U.S. is incarcerating more children than any time since we had Japanese internment camps during World War II. According to reports, roughly 60,000 Japanese children were interned during the World War II era. News reports and government agencies site that migrant activity in the country have hit a high, including the number of children detained.  That said, the situation with migrant children today is quite different, so O’Rourke reaches a bit too far in making his . Our definition for  is "the statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information." That fits here.
Statement: Withheld union dues fund half of Dem (Democratic) campaigns in Florida.
Speaker: grover norquist
About the speaker: Grover Norquist is president of Americans for Tax Reform, a group he founded in 1985 to advocate for a tax system in which taxes are simpler, flatter, more visible, and lower than they are today. Its flagship program is the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, which it began promoting in 1986 and expanded to the state level in 1990. Those who sign on to the pledge commit to oppose any effort to increase income taxes on individuals or businesses. Norquist also serves on the board of directors of the National Rifle Association of America, the American Conservative Union and The Nixon Center.
Date: March 24, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: labor
Context: a post on Twitter
Fact-check justification: About 11 percent of all contributions to state-level Democrats came from unions and their members, but not even all of that came from dues. Some of the contributions are made individually by members. Others are pooled through voluntary political action committees. This  is way off. We rate it !
Statement: The Democrats are pushing for Universal HealthCare while thousands of people are marching in the UK because their U system is going broke and not working.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 5, 2018
Location: national
Topics: health care;public health
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "The Democrats are pushing for Universal HealthCare while thousands of people are marching in the UK because their U system is going broke and not working. Dems want to greatly raise taxes for really bad and non-personal medical care. No thanks!" While the NHS has lost funding over the years, the march that took place was not in opposition to the service, but a call to increase funding and stop austerity cuts towards health and social care. The march resulted because people want universal health care to work better, not because they want it taken over by the private sector. We rate this .
Statement: The latest round of tariffs now means that the total tax increase on Americans from enacted tariffs exceeds the tax increases from the Affordable Care Act.
Speaker: national taxpayers union
About the speaker: The National Taxpayers Union is an advocacy group that supports "lower taxes and smaller government at all levels"
Date: October 10, 2018
Location: national
Topics: trade;taxes
Context: Washington Examiner op-ed
Fact-check justification: The National Taxpayers Union said, "The latest round of tariffs now means that the total tax increase on Americans from enacted tariffs exceeds the tax increases from the Affordable Care Act." Their estimates were that the annual cost of Trump’s enacted tariffs would be $41.65 billion in 2019, while taxes for the health care law would be $34.6 billion. Both of these are estimates. Estimates of tariff costs fall slightly below new taxes introduced by the ACA when you factor in mandate penalties. However, the costs of tariffs are yet unknown, and its effects indirect on American taxpayers. We rate this statement . Update: This report was updated to specifically mention the role of the National Taxpayers Union Foundation.
Statement: Facebook picks sides in Alabama Senate race ... shuts down Gateway Pundit and Breitbart reports on discredited Allred accuser
Speaker: the gateway pundit
About the speaker: The Gateway Pundit is a conservative website.
Date: December 8, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a web story
Fact-check justification: A Gateway Pundit headline said, "Facebook picks sides in Alabama Senate race ... shuts down Gateway Pundit and Breitbart reports on discredited Allred accuser." Neither the Gateway Pundit nor the Breitbart stories were taken down from Facebook, as the headline suggests. Instead, the Facebook algorithm made the stories less prevalent, as occurs with every story flagged as . Those who sought to share the posts were informed of our report, but they could share them anyway. We rate this statement .
Statement: In the last two years, I have supported and proposed $155 billion worth of targeting cuts. Dr. Gingrey has presented zero.
Speaker: paul broun
About the speaker: U.S. House Rep. Paul Broun, a Republican, is from Athens. He represents Georgia's 10th congressional district.
Date: March 28, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: candidate biography;federal budget
Context: a meeting
Fact-check justification: Our conclusion: Broun said in the last two years, he has supported and proposed $155 billion worth of targeting cuts, while Gingrey has presented zero. We believe the first part of Broun’s  was on the money. But the second part needs more context to be fully understood. Although Gingrey is not a member of the House Appropriations Committee, he has proposed legislation aimed at cutting discretionary spending. Our rating: .
Statement: In order to sell insurance in Florida there are over 40 separate individual conditions that must be covered. ... far beyond the essential health benefits included in Obamacare.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: July 20, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: health care;states;ask politifact
Context: a Facebook live speech
Fact-check justification: Rubio said, "In order to sell insurance in Florida there are over 40 separate individual conditions that must be covered. ... far beyond the essential health benefits included in Obamacare." Rubio’s spokesman pointed to a list of about 50 state mandates, about half of which pertained to health conditions. But many of the state mandates only apply if an insurer chooses to cover a condition. The federal protections are more sweeping and put more requirements on insurers to cover a broad range of services. Rubio’s comparison omits that state laws alone would leave Floridians on the individual market without certain types of coverage that are mandated by the federal law. He also ignores that state categories are defined more narrowly. We rate this  .
Statement: We know that tax cuts are remarkably un-stimulative when you compare them with different kinds of government spending.
Speaker: rachel maddow
About the speaker: Rachel Maddow is the host of MSNBC’s “The Rachel Maddow Show”. She formerly hosted a radio program of the same name on the defunct Air America network.
Date: August 6, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;pundits;stimulus;taxes
Context: the "Rachel Maddow Show"
Fact-check justification: Going back to the original : Maddow said that "we know that tax cuts are remarkably un-stimulative when you compare them with different kinds of government spending." During the course of our research, we found several papers and studies that support her argument. But we also found  to the contrary. When it comes to macroeconomics, just about everything is still a matter for debate. We rate her  .