chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In the early 1980s, Sen. Edward Kennedy secretly offered to help Soviet leaders counter the Reagan administration's position on nuclear disarmament.
Speaker: mackubin thomas owens
About the speaker: Mackubin Thomas Owens is editor of Orbis, a foreign policy journal, and is a senior fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute.
Date: March 18, 2015
Location: rhode island
Topics: bipartisanship;congress;history;foreign policy
Context: The Providence Journal
Fact-check justification: Who’s to be believed? A couple of Washington politicos? The KGB? That’s a tough one. Owens’ statement rests on a 1983 KGB memo. The memo says a friend of Kennedy’s had made a verbal overture for the senator to meet with Andropov as part of an effort to counter the Reagan administration’s position on nuclear disarmament. The man who allegedly made the secret offering says the memo is completely . Kennedy’s spokesman and Reagan’s disarmament negotiator have attested to the senator’s work behind the scenes with the Soviets, but neither says Kennedy worked secretly to undercut the President, as Owens claimed. So given Tunney’s denial, Kampelman’s memoir, and also questions about the reliability of KGB memos in general, we rate Owens’ , . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Says U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement "will be at every polling station" on Nov. 3, 2020.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 25, 2020
Topics: immigration;elections
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In a statement, ICE told PolitiFact that "ICE does not patrol or conduct enforcement operations at polling locations. Any flyers or advertisements claiming otherwise are . "  Between fears that undocumented immigrants are illegally voting in elections — and we’ve debunked many such claims — and widespread news coverage about ICE raids, plans for the agency to be posted up at every polling location on Nov. 3 would draw media attention. But we could find no reporting on the unsubstantiated  in the Facebook post.   We rate it .
Statement: All weather is artificially controlled.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 27, 2022
Location: national
Topics: environment;weather;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: "By adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and causing the climate to warm, we are in fact turbocharging weather events to the detriment of humanity. But this is quite different from ‘controlling’ the weather and I’m sure it was not what he was referring to," Dessler said. The  that weather is artificially controlled is . We rate it !   PolitiFact reporter Jeff Cercone contributed to this report.
Statement: Online voter registration is a "more secure" way of doing voter registration.
Speaker: jeff clemens
About the speaker: Jeff Clemens was elected to the state Senate in 2012 and previously served in the House of Representatives and as mayor of Lake Worth.
Date: January 20, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: elections;crime;technology
Context: a Senate Ethics and Elections committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Clemens said that online voter registration is a "a more secure" way of doing voter registration. Experts who study online registration say there have been no reports of actual security breaches or fraud. If designed in a way to account for security, online registration reduces opportunities for fraud and errors. However, experts warned that both online and paper systems can have potential pitfalls -- the question is how do elections officials protect each system. We rate this  .
Statement: $65 billion "would be added to the deficit if we keep the cuts for people on the highest incomes.
Speaker: mark warner
About the speaker: Mark Warner, a Democrat, has represented Virginia in the U.S. Senate since 2009. He serves on the Banking, Budget, Commerce and Intelligence committees. He is the honorary co-chairman of the Forward Together PAC.
Warner gave the keynote address at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. Warner previously served as governor of Virginia from 2002 to 2006. He also ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in 1996. Before public office, Warner was an early investor in the cell phone business, co-founded the company that became Nextel.
Warner was born in Indianapolis, Ind., and grew up in Illinois and Connecticut. Warner graduated from George Washington University, Washington, D.C. He received a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass.
Date: November 11, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: federal budget;taxes
Context: The Financial Times
Fact-check justification: "If there was only a two-year extension, the cost may not be $66 billion as [the] Joint Committee on Taxation/Treasury would assume tax planning that could change the costs, moving income between years," noted Prante. "But overall, Warner's  is fine...the $65 billion figure is not an exaggeration." So, if we use the Treasury’s numbers, and look exclusively at the tax revenue raised by the two years worth of repealed cuts for the wealthy, then Warner is very close. Using the more recent OMB figures, he’d be nearer  by including the capital gains adjustment, but is still in the neighborhood. Accepting that pinpointing a number using evolving projections is not an exact science, we find Warner’s  to be .
Statement: Ashli Babbitt Tried To Stop Antifa False Flag On Jan 6th
Speaker: youtube videos
About the speaker: Videos uploaded to YouTube.
Date: January 19, 2022
Topics: congress;corrections and updates;criminal justice;facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: A YouTube video claimed, "Ashli Babbitt tried to stop antifa  flag on Jan. 6." The video was posted by a creator whose website includes a disclaimer saying his opinions are meant "for entertainment purposes only and are probably ."  In this case, the video’s central  that Babbitt was fighting to thwart an antifa  flag is a  rewriting of what happened inside the Capitol. Babbitt was shot as she attempted to climb through the shattered window of a door leading to the Speaker’s Lobby.  There was no documented trace of antifa involvement at the Capitol or in her shooting, and the suggestion that Babbitt was trying to stop the mob’s advances was based largely on speculation about what she was doing, saying and feeling in the moments leading up to her death. We rate this YouTube video ! CORRECTION, Jan. 29, 2022 : Tayler Hansen's first name was misspelled in an earlier version of this post. It has been corrected.
Statement: Some of these members of the House of Representatives get hundreds of thousands of dollars in farm subsidies" but want to cut food stamps.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: June 12, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: agriculture;federal budget;poverty;welfare
Context: a conference call with reporters
Fact-check justification: The U.S. Department of Agriculture said the program is voluntary. OK, so maybe he and the others didn’t like it one bit when they got farm subsidies. We’re not here to judge their motives. But we are here to judge Brown’s . It is .
Statement: Says Amy Coney Barrett said "calling a Black employee the N-word does not make for a hostile work environment.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 14, 2020
Topics: race and ethnicity;supreme court;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Posts online  Amy Coney Barrett once said that "calling a Black employee the N-word does not make for a hostile work environment." According to the opinion she wrote for a unanimous three-judge panel, Barrett said that a plaintiff being called that racial slur by a former supervisor didn’t in and of itself establish a hostile work environment for several reasons. She wrote that Smith failed to show how it changed his workplace experience, which was already fraught. Barrett did not write that being called the racial slur doesn’t ever constitute a hostile work environment. The context of the panel’s opinion was limited to that specific case.  This  is partially accurate, but it leaves out important details and requires context. We rate if . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Fiorina's plan would mean slashing Social Security and Medicare.
Speaker: barbara boxer
About the speaker: Barbara Boxer is California's junior senator.
Date: October 15, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;medicare;social security
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Still, that does not give the Boxer campaign the right to fill in the blanks. We do know that Fiorina supports slowing the growth of such programs to rein in government spending, but we don't know what specific proposals would look like, and whether they would constitute "slashing." And for this reason, we rate Boxer's statement .     Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: There have been "1,598 athlete cardiac arrests since Jan 2021. 69% fatal.
Speaker: liz wheeler
About the speaker: Conservative commentator Liz Wheeler hosts "The Liz Wheeler Show" video podcast.
Date: January 3, 2023
Topics: public health;sports;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: Wheeler’s numbers come from an unvetted, unconfirmed list of global incidents that include nonathletes of all ages and non-cardiac injuries and deaths.   Multiple medical professionals in sports cardiology rejected the figures and reaffirmed that they have seen no increase in cardiac arrests among athletes in 2021 or 2022, and have found no correlation with cardiac events and the COVID-19 vaccines. We rate this . RELATED: Damar Hamlin remains in hospital as anti-vaxxers speculate about his collapse
Statement: While CEOs of some large charities have big salaries, the heads of some veterans groups do the job for free.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: November 28, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: veterans
Context: a message via the Internet
Fact-check justification: To be charitable, the only thing this e-mail got right was the names of some of the top officers. Everything else was wildly off. Here's the summary:   First, the suggestion made in the e-mail that top officials in five veterans groups are working for free turns out to be outlandishly . All are making six-figure incomes. Top officials in three of the non-veteran organizations earn a lot more than stated in the e-mail. In one case, they make a lot less. The e-mail incorrectly states -- in the case of UNICEF, wildly misstates -- the amount the charities spend on charitable work. Because the e-mail is  , we give it a free  ! (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Pinellas County voters "elected me as their chief financial officer … (and) elected me as (their) governor four years ago.
Speaker: alex sink
About the speaker: Alex Sink is a candidate for Congress in Florida's 13th Congressional District. She served as Florida's Chief Financial Officer from 2007 to 2011. She was the Democratic Party's nominee for governor in 2010, but lost to Rick Scott.
Date: February 3, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Sink claimed that Pinellas County voters supported her in both her 2006 run for chief financial officer and her 2010 bid for governor. On both counts, the election results support her point. We rated her  .
Statement: Transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic individuals "has never been proven.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 13, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that transmission of COVID-19 by people who are asymptomatic "has never been proven." Multiple studies have found that asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 occurs, though there is no consensus on how or how often it happens.  We rate this  .
Statement: When it comes to being effective at creating jobs … (Chris Christie has not had) a record of governing for effectiveness. ... Last year, New Jersey created no net new jobs.
Speaker: martin o'malley
About the speaker: Martin O'Malley is the former governor of Maryland who is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He has also served as the mayor of Baltimore.
Date: October 2, 2011
Location: national
Topics: jobs;states
Context: an interview on CBS's "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: In discussing job creation, O'Malley said, "When it comes to being effective at creating jobs … (Chris Christie has not had) a record of governing for effectiveness" and went on to say that last year New Jersey created "no net new jobs." Using the year 2010 as the yardstick, O’Malley is correct that "last year, New Jersey created no net new jobs." And it’s  that for every period we studied since Christie took office, New Jersey underperformed job-creation numbers for the nation as a whole. However, we think it’s cherry-picking for O’Malley to use the data for 2010 only when the data for 2010 and 2011 are available -- and when the expanded data contradicts the point that was accurate for just 2010. At least as important, Christie’s responsibility for his state’s difficult jobs picture is unclear. On balance, we rate this  .
Statement: So far, out of 175 arrested in Kenosha, 102 were not from Kenosha. Rioting has become its own industry.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 1, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;crime;race and ethnicity
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says "out of 175 arrested in Kenosha, 102 were not from Kenosha. Rioting has become its own industry." The numbers are correct, but the implication connected to them is not. The majority of those arrested were from outside the city of Kenosha, but about 90% were from either Wisconsin or nearby Illinois. In other words, people one would expect to organically gather for a local protest spurred by a local event. And most of those from farthest away can be traced to a single group that drove from the West Coast. Our definition of  is a  that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That fits here.
Statement: A photo shows a man grabbing a woman's rear while watching the Apollo 8 launch in 1968.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 22, 2019
Topics: history;space;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: And this couple is nowhere in the image.   Snopes fact-checked a similar social media post in June and found a different image with the couple. This image shows the pair standing before Viktor Vasnetsov’s painting "Ivan Tsarevich Riding the Grey Wolf" at the Tretyakov Gallery in Russia. The photo appeared online as early as 2016 and several online posts identify Andrey Stroganov as the photographer.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says a recent opioid bill that reached his desk had "very little Democrat support.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 12, 2018
Location: national
Topics: health care;public health
Context: Lebanon, Ohio
Fact-check justification: Trump said the recent opioid bill had "very little Democrat support." That couldn’t be further from the . Virtually every Democrat (and virtually every Republican) voted for the bill on the floor. We rate the statement .
Statement: A photo shows David DePape filming the Jan. 6 Capitol attack.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 30, 2022
Location: california
Topics: facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In the photo on the right, DePape is holding a video camera, but he’s not filming the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol. He wasn’t even in Washington, D.C., when the photo was taken. Rather, he’s filming "the nude wedding of Gypsy Taub outside City Hall" in San Francisco on Dec. 19, 2013.     DePape was known in Berkeley "as a pro-nudity activist who had picketed naked at protests against local ordinances requiring people to be clothed in public," the AP said.   We rate claims this photo shows him filming the Capitol attack .
Statement: Mexico is paying for the Wall through the new USMCA Trade Deal.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 2, 2019
Location: national
Topics: immigration;corrections and updates;economy;homeland security;trade
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump claimed, "Mexico is paying for the Wall through the new USMCA Trade Deal." USMCA is the name for the renegotiated NAFTA. USMCA is not in effect yet. Even then, there is no provision in the free trade agreement about Mexico directly paying for the wall. The new USMCA deal does not add new tariffs on goods coming from Mexico to the United States, an expert told us. It’s unclear how the deal will impact U.S. businesses revenues. If U.S. tax revenue increases in response to increased revenues of U.S. firms, then Congress would still have to allocate that money for the wall. That’s questionable. Trump’s  lacks supporting . We rate it .
Statement: Under Barack Obama and the big government economy, the median wage for women has dropped $733.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: October 28, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;women
Context: Boulder, Colo
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that "under Barack Obama and the big government economy, the median wage for women has dropped $733." That's . Wages actually have risen for women since Obama took office. Cruz's spokesperson said Cruz intended to use a different phrase. But at PolitiFact, we say words matter. The statement is not accurate and we rate it .
Statement: An amendment, pushed by Lyndon Johnson many years ago, threatens religious institutions with a loss of their tax-exempt status if they openly advocate their political views.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 21, 2016
Location: national
Topics: history;human rights;legal issues;religion;taxes
Context: a speech at the Republican convention
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "An amendment, pushed by Lyndon Johnson many years ago, threatens religious institutions with a loss of their tax-exempt status if they openly advocate their political views." Trump is correct that the law was pushed by Johnson and that religious groups that advocate for candidates risk losing their tax exempt status. It's important to note that the prohibition is not just restricted to religious institutions. It's nonprofit charitable organizations in general. But overall, we rate the statement as .
Statement: Both McCain and Bush favor tax breaks for oil companies.
Speaker: campaign to defend america
About the speaker: Campaign to Defend America is a left-leaning advocacy organization.
Date: March 5, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: ( Hillary Clinton also opposed it while Barack Obama voted for it. )
 The McSame ad doesn't mention this legislation specifically, but it was a priority of the Bush administration and a notable source of tax breaks for the oil and gas industry. McCain opposed it. You can't call them the "McSame" for such a significant difference. For this reason, we find the statement .