chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: I've been in and out of Iraq and Afghanistan over 40 times.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: March 1, 2022
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: his State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: Biden said he has visited Iraq and Afghanistan "over 40 times." This isn’t accurate. There is no  that Biden has been to either country since being president. The last time he was in Iraq appears to be in 2016. For Afghanistan, it was in 2011.  The latest estimate of his travels to the two countries come from his presidential campaign, which said in 2019 that he had visited both a combined 21 times.  Biden’s statement is off by about half. We rate it .  PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: A proposed bill in the Florida Legislature "would authorize the public hoarding of cats by feral cat activists.
Speaker: american bird conservancy
About the speaker: American Bird Conservancy is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to conserve native birds and their habitats throughout the Americas. The group opposes a feral cat bill proposed in the 2013 Florida Legislature.
Date: March 29, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: animals;crime
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The American Bird Conservancy said a bill "would authorize the public hoarding of cats by feral cat activists." The bill would authorize people to neuter and release feral cats. But it’s difficult to predict how these future cat colonies will be managed and controlled by local ordinances. Is it possible that someone could hoard feral cats outdoors? Sure. But animal hoarders typically want to be able to control their cats, so that’s why they hoard inside their own homes. The research we reviewed about feral cats focused on numbers, health problems and threats to wildlife they pose -- not whether it constitutes hoarding. That could be because hoarding isn’t the central debate about these feral cats, but it is a heated word that draws attention. We rate this  .
Statement: With her solution, terrorists can still today — and by the way ISIS knows it, they have been advertising it — buy guns online and at gun shows in the United States of America.
Speaker: maggie hassan
About the speaker: New Hampshire Democrat Maggie Hassan was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2016. She formerly served as governor and as a state lawmaker in New Hampshire. 
Date: October 3, 2016
Location: new hampshire
Topics: islam;terrorism;guns
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Hassan said the Islamic State knows its followers can buy firearms "online and at gun shows" and is "advertising it." An interview in the New York Times with a former Islamic State recruit shows group members acknowledge American recruits can buy guns, so long as they don’t have a record. And a 2011 video from an al Qaeda spokesman urges terrorists to buy guns in the United States and use them against Western governments. There is little  to suggest a widespread advertising campaign, but it’s hard to tell, because not all ISIS communication is on the Internet, either. We rate the  .
Statement: California has added twice as many jobs as Florida" over the past year.
Speaker: jerry brown
About the speaker: Jerry Brown is the governor of California. A Democrat, he earlier served as governor of California from 1975 to 1983.
Date: April 26, 2016
Location: california
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Gov. Jerry Brown said California has added twice as many jobs as Florida since that state’s governor visited in April 2015 on a job recruiting tour. Brown's  is close on the raw numbers. But it leaves out the important context that California is a much larger state that needs to add more jobs to keep its millions more people employed. The federal jobs data show California added 1.86 times as many jobs as Florida during this period, a bit less than twice as many. California often leads the nation in overall job gains due to its sheer size. But the pace of that job growth tells a different story. Florida actually added jobs at a slightly faster rate, nearly 2.4 percent compared with California’s 2.2 percent, during the period in question. That takes a lot of the shine off Brown's statement. We rated his  . -------- HALF    – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/84a7d7ae-cbfc-488f-a9b1-3f61c0f7069e
Statement: U.S. Sen. Saxby Chambliss votes more with Democrats than with conservatives.
Speaker: amy kremer
About the speaker: Amy Kremer is a tea party activist, most recently chairing the Tea Party Express.
Date: January 3, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget;voting record
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Her point was that the senator doesn’t vote along with fiscal conservatives on key issues. There are votes by Chambliss that differed from some senators considered conservative. Chambliss, though, has voted along with conservatives on some big issues as well. His voting record shows the senator votes with his GOP colleagues more than 90 percent of the time and his lifetime average with the ACU is better than most Republicans currently serving in the Senate. Our rating: .
Statement: The five Guantanamo detainees swapped for Bowe Bergdahl are "back on the battlefield.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 10, 2016
Location: national
Topics: afghanistan;foreign policy;military;terrorism
Context: Ottumwa, Iowa, on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Trump said the five Guantanamo detainees swapped for Bowe Bergdahl are "back on the battlefield." The Taliban Five are known to be in Qatar, where they have been since their release over a year ago. Qatar is considered neutral ground -- not a battlefield -- and they are not allowed to leave the country. At least one of the five has been in contact with suspected insurgents, but experts said there is not enough information available to know the extent of these communications. And even if they had communicated with insurgents from afar, that would not the same as literally going back to the battlefield and, as Trump said, "trying to kill everybody.". Because there is no  to support Trump’s , we rate it .
Statement: Thanks to the Obama administration's negotiations, Iran's nuclear program will be under lock, key and camera 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
Speaker: don beyer
About the speaker: Donald S. Beyer Jr. is the Democratic nominee for 8th District congressional seat Democrat in Northern Virginia. The seat has been occupied since 1992 by Democrat Jim Moran, who is not seeking reelection.
Beyer served two terms as Virginia's lieutenant governor from 1990 to 1998. He ran for governor in 1997 and lost to Republican Jim Gilmore. From 2009 to 2013, he was ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein.  
Beyer and his younger brother, Michael, are the owners of nine car dealerships in Northern Virginia.
Beyer was born in 1950 in Trieste, Italy, the son of a U.S. Army officer. He was raised in Washington, D.C. and graduated from Williams College, magna cum laude, with a degree in economics.
 
Date: July 14, 2015
Location: national
Topics: homeland security;foreign policy;nuclear
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Beyer said, "Thanks to the Obama administration’s negotiations, Iran’s nuclear program will be under lock, key and camera 24 hours a day, 365 days a year." Parts of Iran’s nuclear complex will indeed be under high-tech surveillance and monitoring around the clock. But for other parts of the country’s nuclear infrastructure, there will be no such direct surveillance, and inspectors won’t have the right to barge in whenever they want -- they could be delayed for as long as 24 days. While some experts say such delays won’t undercut the agreement’s effectiveness, others disagree. Beyer’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: Says North Carolina gives taxpayer dollars to private schools, but "we really don't know what these schools are doing or how they are performing.
Speaker: roy cooper
About the speaker: Roy Cooper, a Democrat, is the governor of North Carolina. Previously he was the attorney general, a state senator and a state representative.
Date: January 25, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: education;government regulation;state budget;transparency
Context: an address to education leaders
Fact-check justification: Cooper said, regarding private schools receiving public funds, "we really don’t know what these schools are doing or how they are performing." While private schools do have much less oversight and accountability than public schools, it isn’t entirely lacking. Schools do have to give voucher students standardized tests and report the results to the state for oversight. But there are many areas in which voucher recipients don’t face the same oversight and public reporting requirements as public schools, or have a lesser standard. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/088bcd03-e7cf-4e20-9c7d-690b64ce562e
Statement: The Keystone pipeline creates "35 permanent jobs" after construction, according to a government report.
Speaker: van jones
About the speaker: Van Jones is a host of CNN's Crossfire. A former environmental and human rights activist, Jones in 2009, served as the "green jobs" adviser to President Barack Obama. He is the author of two New York Times best-selling books, The Green Collar Economy (2008) and Rebuild the Dream (2012).
 
Date: February 3, 2014
Topics: environment;energy;punditfact
Context: a segment on CNN's "Crossfire"
Fact-check justification: Jones said the Keystone pipeline will only result in 35 permanent jobs after construction. The numbers, as reported by the State Department, back him up, though that’s the nature of any big construction project, be it a highway or monument. Jones’  is .
Statement: Says Nancy Pelosi said, "Building a wall will violate the rights of millions of illegals." ​
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 23, 2017
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: There’s no credible source that Pelosi said building the border wall would "violate the rights of millions of illegals." The meme started as a rough paraphrase and transitioned to an  direct quote. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Arizona, Missouri and Texas residents have a two-pet limit, so the public must "surrender their third pet to the Humane Society.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 6, 2016
Location: arizona
Topics: animals
Context: a Web article
Fact-check justification: Associated Media Coverage said, "pet owners within Texas, Arizona and Missouri...are expected to surrender any pets in excess of the mandatory ‘2-pet maximum’ to their local Humane Society." That’s a  and unfounded . We rate it as ! https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/32ce8799-2973-4b60-8553-5bc2b000738f
Statement: Says there are more federal dollars in Gov. John Kasich's budget plan than in the previous state budget.
Speaker: jay goyal
About the speaker: Jay Goyal, a Democrat, represents Ohio's 73rd House District in the General Assembly. He was first elected in November 2006. His district includes his hometown of Mansfield and other areas of Richland County in north central Ohio.
Date: May 5, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: state budget
Context: the Ohio House of Representatives
Fact-check justification: That’s because federal officials added even more money to the enhanced FMAP program in September 2010—about $293 million funneled "off-budget" which was ladled out to Ohio hospitals, mental health providers and drug assistance for HIV positive patients as well as the state departments of aging and mental health. Add this to our previous pile of federal money and you have about $17.3 billion in federal dollars that flowed into Ohio in the last budget cycle -- roughly $1.26 billion more than the budget proposed by Kasich. Goyal’s statement did contain some element of , but the phrase he used was "more federal dollars" which should include all of the money coming from the federal government, not just funds flowing into the GRF. Not including the Medicaid dollars ignores a critical fact that would give the listener a different impression. On the -O-Meter, that mean’s Goyal’s statement rates as .
Statement: He has never voted for a federal restriction on gun ownership.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: September 17, 2007
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a statement on his campaign Web site
Fact-check justification: The background check legislation did not pass the House at that time, but new background-check legislation did pass by voice vote this summer in the wake of the Virginia Tech massacre. Ron Paul was the only lawmaker to speak in opposition, calling it "flagrantly unconstitutional." In 2004, Paul voted to repeal the District of Columbia gun ban. The legislation passed the House but was not taken up in the Senate. Then in 2005, he voted to prevent D.C. from spending money to enforce one of its provisions.
Statement: Every single year that there's an increase (in temperature) it's within the margin of error -- meaning it isn't increasing.
Speaker: greg gutfeld
About the speaker: Greg Gufeld is a co-host on the Fox News program The Five.
Date: June 2, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: environment;climate change;weather
Context: Fox News The Five show
Fact-check justification: Gutfeld said, "every single year that there's an increase (in temperature) it's within the margin of error -- meaning it isn't increasing." While some years are within the margin, others definitely aren't, so Gutfeld is  when he says "every single" year is within the margin of error. Also, long-term trends over decades show that temperatures are clearly rising. So Gutfeld is  both on the details and and the big picture. We rate his statement .
Statement: Put simply, less government spending equals more private sector jobs.
Speaker: eric cantor
About the speaker: Eric Cantor is a former congressman who represented Virginia's 7th District from 2001 to 2014. He rose to House minority whip in 2009 and House majority leader in 2011. Cantor was upset by Dave Brat in the 2014 GOP primary for congress. He is now vice chairman and managing director of Moelis & Company, a global investment bank.
 
 
 
Date: March 4, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: economy;federal budget;jobs;stimulus
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Cantor may be right with his prescription of lower spending to spur higher job growth. But he goes too far when he asserts a cut equals more private sector jobs. No one knows for sure. The congressman is presenting an economic theory as established fact. We rate this  .
Statement: (For) white working-class America, death rates among white men are up 20 percent.
Speaker: alex castellanos
About the speaker: Alex Castellanos is a Republican strategist and advisor to Donald Trump.
Date: August 20, 2017
Topics: health care;workers;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's 'This Week'
Fact-check justification: Castellanos said that for the white working class, "death rates among white men are up 20 percent." Research has shown that death rates are up for white men, which is a cause for concern because death rates have historically declined. But that research is not without controversy. Also, the researchers who documented the increase in death rates say it’s not as alarmingly high as 20 percent just for white men. A more accurate estimate would be around 7 percent. Castellanos has a point about increased death rates among whites, but he incorrectly cited figures from the study. We rate his statement .
Statement: McCain tells of a fellow Vietnam POW who was beaten for fashioning an American flag that became an inspirational symbol to fellow POWs.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: May 18, 2008
Location: national
Topics: patriotism
Fact-check justification: "Every other senator turned their heads and looked at me," Thorsness said. The story was later published in 1992 in Reader's Digest. Several details in Thorsness' account differ from McCain's recollection, such as whether the handkerchief was a rag found in the prison yard or, as McCain tells it, part of a care package allowed in by the guards. But the stories are substantially the same. We rule McCain's story .
Statement: The New York Times published an old stock photo of a young girl and claimed Israeli forces killed her during its recent war with Hamas.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 29, 2021
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;israel;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says the New York Times used a 2015 stock image of a young girl and claimed that Israeli forces killed her during recent conflicts. While the photo appeared on some image-sharing services, it’s not necessarily a stock image.  The Times did mistakenly use an image of a different girl that was taken in the Palestinian territories in 2015 to identify Al-Masri.  The newspaper issued a correction about the photo in print and on its website, and replaced the  photo with an image of Al-Masri that was provided by her family.  The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate this . CORRECTION,  June 3, 2021 : The  we checked here was made on Facebook on May 29, 2021. An earlier version of this story included the  date.
Statement: Says Matt Rosendale "consistently supported land use rules that would help developers like him and hurt farmers in Montana.
Speaker: jon tester
About the speaker: Jon Tester was elected to his first term in the U.S. Senate in 2006 as a Democrat representing Montana.
Date: August 3, 2018
Location: national
Topics: agriculture;voting record
Context: on candidate's website
Fact-check justification: Tester said, "Matt Rosendale consistently supported land use rules that would help developers like him and hurt farmers in Montana." For this fact-check, we looked at two measures that would have relaxed Montana’s land use rules. Sources we consulted unanimously characterized these bills as pro-developer. The question of how farmers would fare under the proposed changes, however, yielded a much more mixed answer. Some farmers appeared fearful that laxer regulation would lead to the disappearance of Montana farmland. Yet others welcomed the broader private-property rights engendered in the new laws. Farm groups were divided on the subdivision law changes Rosendale backed, which underscores the farming community’s mixed feelings. We rate this .
Statement: Says  Sherrod Brown's campaign attacked Josh Mandel's military service
Speaker: josh mandel
About the speaker: Josh Mandel, a Republican from Lyndhurst, is a Marine veteran who served two tours in Iraq. He served as Ohio treasurer from 2011 to 2019.  Before that, he was a state representative from the 17th Ohio House District. He unsuccessfully challenged Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 US Senate race. Mandel is running for the GOP nomination for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat in 2022.
Date: September 4, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: military;negative campaigning;patriotism
Context: a campaign email
Fact-check justification: Decisions that are made by those hundred Americans who serve in the United States Senate (are) at the strategic level and the national security level." That said, there was no attempt to describe Mandel as someone who disobeyed orders or who was derelict in his duty or anything other than an exemplary Marine. And we don’t see, from reading the general’s remarks, that he ever conveyed the message that "risking your life in defense of your country somehow disqualifies you from serving your country back home," as the email from Mandel’s camp implied. Knowing those critical facts would give a different impression of the  that Brown’s campaign attacked Mandel’s military service. On the -O-Meter, the Mandel  rates .
Statement: Says Donald Trump's payroll tax deferral "could leave American workers liable for thousands of dollars during tax season and could potentially leave programs like Social Security and Medicare weakened.
Speaker: eugene depasquale
About the speaker: Eugene DePasquale is the auditor general of Pennsylvania and the 2020 Democratic nominee for Pennsylvania's 10th District congressional district seat.
Date: August 8, 2020
Location: national
Topics: medicare;social security;pennsylvania
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: On the day that Trump announced a temporary deferral of employees’ Social Security payroll taxes, DePasquale said that the move could cost people thousands of dollars during next year’s tax season and could potentially threaten Social Security and Medicare. DePasquale’s dollar estimate of the deferred tax liability fits for the highest-paid workers affected by Trump’s plan, but those making less would see a smaller impact. He was correct that the repayment of the tax was an open question. He was also correct that, taken at full face value, Trump’s words described a plan that would undermine the finances for Social Security and Medicare. Congress would have the final say, and Trump’s meaning was ambiguous. But DePasquale bracketed his concerns with the words "could" and "potentially could." DePasquale gave due regard to the uncertainties, but his dollar estimate applied only to the best-paid workers. We rate this  .