chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome and "stroke season" didn't exist before the COVID-19 pandemic.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: January 23, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: The SADS Foundation has encouraged patients to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The so-called stroke season has also been around for decades. In 1986, the Los Angeles Times published a headline that said, "Study identifies February-April as stroke season." The story reported that researchers had found that strokes caused by arteries blocked by blood clots or fat occurred most often in those months..  More recently, the American Heart Association warned in October 2020 — before the first COVID-19 vaccines were available — that influenza and COVID-19 can increase the risk of stroke, noting it "has long recommended the flu vaccine to protect against cardiovascular disease complications. "  We rate claims that sudden unexplained death syndrome and stroke season are new as of the COVID-19 pandemic .
Statement: Most of our taxes are spent on the so-called 'War on Terror.'
Speaker: ro khanna
About the speaker: Ro Khanna is a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from a district that includes portions of such cities as Cupertino, Santa Clara and San Jose.
Date: April 19, 2018
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;federal budget;military;terrorism;taxes
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Khanna’s original post said, "Most of our taxes are spent on the so-called ‘War on Terror.’" That’s close to accurate if you specify that you’re referring to discretionary spending only, but the original post did not do that. To his credit, Khanna pointed out the distinction when he rewrote the post. We applaud the change, but our policy is to rate the original wording, and that earns the initial statement a .
Statement: Says Nancy Pelosi "wants to remove votes from soldiers overseas" and said, "They don't even live here.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 14, 2020
Topics: elections;military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The headline comes from a post on the website "America’s Last Line of Defense," which describes itself as "satire for your confirmation bias." The story about Pelosi trying to block members of the military from voting is not real.   The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act of 1986 protects the voting rights of service members, as well as any U.S. citizens who live outside the United States. Under the law, states and territories must allow such voters to register and vote in elections for federal office using absentee voting procedures.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: We have one of the lowest mortality rates in the world" from COVID-19.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 19, 2020
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: an interview with Fox News' Chris Wallace
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "We have one of the lowest mortality rates in the world" from coronavirus. The United States doesn’t have one of the world’s lowest mortality rates from the coronavirus: No fewer than 15 advanced, industrialized nations currently have a lower mortality rate, as do a host of other countries, including Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, Russia, Turkey, Argentina, and India. Another measurement called the case-fatality rate, which Trump incorrectly referred to as the "mortality rate," doesn’t place the United States at or near the bottom internationally. We rate the statement .
Statement: Records suggest more than 100 batches of absentee ballots in Fulton County could be missing.
Speaker: just the news
About the speaker: Just the News is a website.
Date: June 17, 2021
Location: georgia
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: The absentee ballots were reviewed twice and "all paperwork has been reconciled in coordination with the Secretary of State," she said.   The Secretary of State’s monitor notes referenced by Just the News "are in response to activity in ‘real time’ during the election process. All documentation was filed in compliance with state law and Secretary of State guidelines," Corbitt-Dominguez said. The Secretary of State’s office declined to comment.   We rate the post .
Statement: In West Virginia, a gallon of gas is nearly one dollar more than it was a year ago, and we're paying about 30 cents more for a gallon of milk than we did at this time last year.
Speaker: shelley moore capito
About the speaker: Shelley Moore Capito is a U.S. Representative from West Virginia and a Republican candidate for U.S. Senate.
Date: August 12, 2021
Location: west virginia
Topics: agriculture;gas prices
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Capito wrote, "In West Virginia, a gallon of gas is nearly one dollar more than it was a year ago, and we’re paying about 30 cents more for a gallon of milk than we did at this time last year."  Gas prices in West Virginia did rise nearly a dollar during the year prior to her op-ed. Milk prices also rose, but by less than she said, about 18 cents a gallon, rather than 30 cents. We rate the statement .
Statement: Biden says he doesn't need voters to get elected.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: November 2, 2020
Location: michigan
Topics: elections
Context: a video posted on TikTok
Fact-check justification: Not just getting elected, if I get elected." A video posted on TikTok claimed, "Biden says he doesn’t need voters to get elected." That’s a misrepresentation of Biden’s remarks in Michigan. Biden asked Americans to vote and elect him president. We rate the post .
Statement: Taxes on groceries and medicine will rise under a plan to improve roads and rail for metro Atlanta.
Speaker: vincent fort
About the speaker: State senator representing District 39, which runs from East Point to Buckhead.
Date: July 21, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: transportation
Context: media appearances
Fact-check justification: So are motor fuel and energy used during manufacturing. Fort’s  holds up well. "Food and medicine" would be taxed under the new plan, just not prescription drugs. Fort got the important stuff right, but he could have been a little more precise and said "non-prescription medicine." Still, he earns a .
Statement: Climate change is "directly related" to the growth of terrorism.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: November 14, 2015
Location: national
Topics: climate change;terrorism
Context: Des Moines, Iowa
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "Climate change is directly related to the growth of terrorism." We couldn’t find any  of a "direct" relationship between climate change and terrorism, though many reports have noted an indirect link. There are, of course, many other factors that contribute to terrorism, including religious and ethnic tensions and political repression. We rate Sanders'  .
Statement: One in three people who's receiving treatment for (opioid) drug problems gets some help from Medicaid to pay for that.
Speaker: elizabeth warren
About the speaker: Elizabeth Warren is a senator from Massachusetts. Warren was elected to the Senate in 2012 and was re-elected in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024. Warren received a bachelor’s degree in speech pathology and audiology from the University of Houston and a J.D. from Rutgers Law School. In 2019, she announced her race for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 5, 2020.
Date: July 13, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicaid
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: The Medicaid expansion was particularly helpful in securing coverage, as it reached high-need segments of the low-income population in states that have been hard hit by the opioid crisis. Warren said that one in three people receiving treatment for opioid addiction were covered by Medicaid, basing her estimate on 34 percent of people with opioid use disorder. The number was higher when we looked at only those receiving treatment: 39 percent. So while the numbers differ slightly, one in three is still a fair estimate. We rate this statement .
Statement: Gov. Rick Scott signed into law a bill that gives Florida's public officials an easy way to avoid disclosing their personal finances.
Speaker: bill nelson
About the speaker: Bill Nelson was first elected to the U.S. Senate from Florida in 2000. He lost re-election to Gov. Rick Scott in 2018. Nelson previously served in the Florida Legislature, Congress and as state Treasurer and Insurance Commissioner.
 
Date: June 13, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: elections;transparency
Context: his campaign website
Fact-check justification: Nelson said "Scott signed into law a bill that gives Florida's public officials an easy way to avoid disclosing their personal finances." In terms of historical context and content of the Senate Bill 2, that part is . Blind trusts do let officials shield financial holdings from disclosure requirements, and Florida law now allows officials to use those trusts. The broader implication of Nelson’s statement is that Scott is being dishonest about what he owns, and that it affects his ability to govern without creating conflicts of interest. After Nelson made the statement, Scott ended the trust and disclosed all his holdings, but he was following a law both recommended by the state ethics commission and approved unanimously by the Legislature. That law requires any official to disclose the assets being put into the trust before being turned over to a manager. There is debate over the law’s rules regarding choosing that manager and whether assets in that portfolio may present a conflict of interest. What goes into the trust would be publicly disclosed, however, while how it is managed afterward would not. That’s not the same as hiding assets from voters. In this case, Scott ended the trust to disclose the portfolio’s contents, anyway. Nelson implied the blind trust law makes it easier to hide personal assets. They may be hidden, but only after they are listed and turned over to a trustee. We rate the statement .
Statement: Four (maybe five) Latinos have served on the Austin City Council.
Speaker: mike martinez
About the speaker: Mike Martinez,a former firefighter and 2014 candidate for mayor of Austin, served multiple terms on the Austin City Council; her last term ended in early 2015.
Date: May 28, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: city government;history
Context: remarks at a gathering
Fact-check justification: Martinez said there have been four or maybe five Hispanic council members. We'd say five. We rate this statement as .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Million pounds of rat meat being sold as boneless chicken wings in the U.S.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: January 11, 2022
Topics: food safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: When the  appeared again in 2017 and 2018, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration spokesperson told fact checkers it was . Both the 2016 and 2022 versions of the  included the same image, made to look like a screenshot of a breaking TV news story. But a search of online news archives show there have been no such breaking TV stories. The image is posted on Wikimedia Commons, where photos are available for download; the caption indicates it’s a poto of rat meat for sale in Thailand that was first shared on an individual’s public Flickr account in 2007. We rate the  that a million pounds of rat meat is being sold as boneless chicken wings in the U.S. !
Statement: Says a photograph shows U.S. soldiers sleeping on the ground after Washington D.C.'s mayor kicked them out of local hotels.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 6, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A photo of National Guard soldiers sleeping outside is being shared online. The caption says it was taken in Washington, D.C., after the mayor "kicked them out of local hotels." The photo is from Minneapolis, not D.C. The Minnesota National Guard said the soldiers were on a longer shift and grabbed a quick nap but did have formal sleeping arrangements elsewhere. D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser did request that the Army cover the costs of accommodations for out-of-state troops who were in the District in response to recent protests. She said certain rooms that the District paid for were reserved for COVID-19 responders. There is some  to the hotel dispute in D.C. concerning out of state National Guard members, but the photo is miscaptioned and there is no  that the mayor forced soldiers to sleep on the street. We rate this .
Statement: A video shows Kim Jong Un calling Joe Biden a "thug," a "coward," and "mentally unstable" in a speech.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: March 7, 2021
Topics: foreign policy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a TikTok post
Fact-check justification: During the final presidential debate before the 2020 election, Biden called Kim, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin "thugs." But the video circulating on TikTok does not show Kim insulting Biden in kind, despite what its subtitles suggest. We rate this TikTok video ! Join PolitiFact LIVE on May 10-13 for a festival of fact-checking with Dr. Anthony Fauci!   Register today >>
Statement: The port provides more than 297,000 jobs directly to the state of Georgia.
Speaker: johnny isakson
About the speaker: Johnny Isakson, a Republican, is a U.S. senator from Georgia
Date: April 5, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: The senator would have been more accurate if he said "port industry" or simply said "ports." Isakson underestimated the jobs impact in his argument. His estimate was based on a 2010 report, although the most recent report estimated the total at 352,000 jobs. Isakson’s remarks were not precise, but they are largely on target. We rate this  .
Statement: That's legal: If you find out about somebody else's salary even if you're doing exactly the same job, you can be retaliated against, including being fired, in most places.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: September 6, 2016
Location: national
Topics: income;jobs;government regulation;regulation;small business;unions;women;workers
Context: Tampa
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "That's legal: If you find out about somebody else's salary even if you're doing exactly the same job, you can be retaliated against, including being fired, in most places." Under various federal and state laws and regulations, most workers in the United States have the legal right to discuss compensation and raise pay discrimination concerns with their employers. Consequently, employers generally can’t retaliate against an employee for engaging in those discussions. However, the laws are a patchwork, meaning that some small percentage of people could fall through the cracks. And the fact that many people and companies don’t realize what the law says weakens their effect. We rate Clinton’s statement .
Statement: The poverty rate amongst women is the worst it's been in 17 years and the extreme poverty rate is the worst it's ever been.
Speaker: george allen
About the speaker: George Allen was a U.S. senator from 2001-2007. He was governor of Virginia from 1994-1998.
Date: October 8, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: poverty;women
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Allen said, "The poverty rate amongst women is the worst it’s been in 17 years and the extreme poverty rate is the worst it’s ever been." The numbers back him up. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says a photo of a park covered in trash was left behind by "environmentalists" after an Earth Day celebration in California.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 20, 2019
Topics: environment;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral photo that shows trash strewn across a lawn comes with the  that the littering was caused by environmentalists after an Earth Day celebration in California. The photo has nothing to do with environmentalists, California or Earth Day. It was captured in 2009 following a tailgate party at the University of Georgia. We rate this .
Statement: Says a 1915 referendum on women's right to vote "went down in New Jersey. And it took the Legislature to pass it.
Speaker: loretta weinberg
About the speaker: Loretta Weinberg is a Democratic state senator representing Bergen County.
Date: February 7, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: women
Context: an interview on NJTV
Fact-check justification: Weinberg claimed that when women’s suffrage was put to a referendum in 1915 "it went down in New Jersey. And it took the Legislature to pass it." Nearly a century ago, New Jersey defeated a measure giving women the right to vote by 184,390 to 133,282. Five years later, the state Legislature ratified the 19th amendment to the U.S. Constitution. We rate this  . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Cocaine kills corona virus, scientists is shocked to discover that this drug can fight the virus.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 30, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Cocaine is a highly addictive drug that can lead to long-term respiratory problems and movement disorders like Parkinson’s disease, according to the National Institutes of Health .   In 2017 there were a total of 13,942 drug overdose deaths in the United States that involved cocaine. There have been 1,016 deaths reported worldwide from the coronavirus as of Feb. 10, none in the United States .   We wouldn’t recommend trying a highly addictive drug in hopes of fighting off a viral disease. We rate this !
Statement: Says of the Milwaukee mass shooter: "Supposedly he is black. A noose was hung on his locker and he addressed the issue and he was fired! So he returned the next work day and killed who he all thought were involved.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 26, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: civil rights;crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said about the gunman in a Milwaukee mass shooting at the Molson Coors brewing complex: "Supposedly he is black. A noose was hung on his locker and he addressed the issue and he was fired! So he returned the next work day and killed who he all thought were involved." The shooter was black. He was a current employee; he had not been fired. His employer said someone put a noose on his locker, but that incident occurred five years before the shooting on a day the shooter was not working. The company said it was not aware of any complaint of racial harassment being filed by the shooter. Police said based on their preliminary investigation, racism was not a factor in the shooting. For a statement that contains an element of , our rating is .
Statement: Says Beto O'Rourke "has a criminal record that includes DWI and burglary arrests.
Speaker: silvestre reyes
About the speaker: Rep. Reyes, D-El Paso, was first elected to the U.S. House in 1996. He was the first Hispanic American in U.S. history to chair the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, which drafts the laws that govern, fund and oversee the 16 agencies that comprise the U.S. intelligence community. He lost his bid for the Democratic nomination for the seat in 2012 to Beto O'Rourke, a member of the El Paso City Council.
Date: May 22, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;corrections and updates;criminal justice;crime
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A 2012 Reyes TV ad still viewable online six years later said O’Rourke "has a criminal record that includes DWI and burglary arrests." O'Rourke's comments and records indicate that UTEP police arrested O'Rourke in 1995 for  burglary, a misdemeanor charge disposed of the next year. In 1998, El Paso police arrested O'Rourke for DWI, a misdemeanor charge that was dismissed after he completed "DWI school" the next year. We rate the  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.