chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Since 2014, there has been a 25% reduction in crime in communities at the Texas-Mexico border.
Speaker: steve mccraw
About the speaker: Col. Steve McCraw, director of the Texas Department of Public Safety, previously worked more than 20 years for the FBI.
Date: July 12, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: border security
Context: a legislative hearing
Fact-check justification: McCraw said that between 2014 and 2018, there has been a 25% reduction in crime in communities on the Texas-Mexico border. We looked at three different definitions of the border to test McCraw’s . Crime in all three areas declined by about 25% during this time period. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing.
Statement: Quotes Kurt Cobain saying in 1993 that he wouldn't be surprised if his generation eventually elected a "true outsider" a "business tycoon who can't be bought" … "someone like Donald Trump
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 9, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A  quote predicting a Donald Trump presidency attributed to the late Kurt Cobain has resurfaced online after circulating the internet for years. There are no records of Cobain saying the statement, and those who were close to him emphatically reject he did – or would – say the words. We rate it !
Statement: 80% of the world's population lives in countries where religious liberty is in significant danger or even completely outlawed.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 24, 2019
Location: national
Topics: religion
Context: a speech to the U.N. General Assembly
Fact-check justification: Trump said that 80% of the world’s people live in countries where religious liberty is in significant danger or completely outlawed. Ultimately, that is based on an independent group’s list of countries with what it deems high or very high levels of governmental or social intolerance of certain religions. But the underlying data sweeps up many laws and actions, some much more repressive than others. The United States shows up on one list, as do several other Western democracies. There is no simple way to capture the experience of religious minorities. The 80% figure is dramatic, but the experts we reached agreed that it  the impact of government-sanctioned and societal religious intolerance on most people living in those countries. We rate this .
Statement: 40% of Americans know someone who has been killed by a gun.
Speaker: debbie wasserman schultz
About the speaker: Debbie Wasserman Schultz became the chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee in 2011 and resigned in July 2016. The Florida Democrat was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004 after serving in the state senate. She represents Congressional District 23 in Broward and Miami-Dade counties.
Date: June 18, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: public safety;regulation;guns
Context: a Medium post
Fact-check justification: Wasserman Schultz said, "40 percent of Americans know someone who has been killed by a gun ." Wasserman Schultz is right about the 40 percent figure if you consider the YouGov poll findings. It’s important to note that a majority of the 40 percent figure comes from suicide deaths, not homicides. And there is limited research on this topic generally. Overall, we rate her  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/26bdb266-7613-4006-af9c-19d4e47313e8
Statement: (Palin) supported right-wing extremist Pat Buchanan for president in 2000.
Speaker: moveon.org
About the speaker: MoveOn.org is a left-leaning political advocacy group. It endorsed Sen. Barack Obama for the Democratic nomination.
Date: September 2, 2008
Location: national
Topics: israel
Context: an e-mail
Fact-check justification: Buchanan doesn't say that anymore. We may never be sure of Palin's position in 1996, but if she says she wasn't a Buchanan supporter and Buchanan says he can't prove that she was, we don't have much to go on. But for our purposes, the question of 2000 is more important because that's what Moveon.org alleges in a widespread e-mail. The letter to the editor that Palin wrote back in 1999 seems pretty clear to us. Even back then she wanted to make it clear that Buchanan wasn't her choice for president in the 2000 race, which leaves us with nowhere to go but .
Statement: (The Tax Policy Center) found that Romney would raise taxes on the average middle class family by $2,000 to pay for $5 trillion in tax cuts for millionaires and billionaires.
Speaker: new jersey democratic state committee
About the speaker: The New Jersey Democratic State Committee represents the Democratic Party in New Jersey.
Date: August 1, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: In a news release, the committee claimed the Tax Policy Center "found that Romney would raise taxes on the average middle class family by $2,000 to pay for $5 trillion in tax cuts for millionaires and billionaires." But those two figures don’t relate to one another. The $2,000 tax hike accounts for eliminating or reducing the tax deductions and write-offs that pay for Romney’s plan, but the $5 trillion does not. The more appropriate comparison would be the average net tax break of about $87,000 for those wealthy taxpayers. Still, the Democrats’ overall point is correct: the study shows that high-income taxpayers would receive a tax break, while middle- and lower-income taxpayers pay higher taxes. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama "spied on my campaign, and got caught!
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 19, 2020
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;elections;legal issues
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said Obama "spied on my campaign, and got caught!" Multiple independent investigations, including a series of bipartisan Senate reports, found no political influence over the FBI investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 election. The FBI targeted four people with greater or lesser roles in the Trump campaign, but conducted that independently of the White House.  We rate this  . CORRECTION: Donald Trump commuted Roger Stone's sentence. A previous version of this story wrongly said that Trump pardoned Stone.
Statement: Carol Miller is a multi-millionaire worth over $16 million.
Speaker: west virginia democratic party
About the speaker: The West Virginia Democratic Party is the official Democratic organization in the Mountain State.
Date: August 25, 2022
Location: west virginia
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The West Virginia Democratic Party said, "Carol Miller is a multi-millionaire worth over $16 million." Financial disclosure forms for 2018 and 2021 show that, using the standard method of estimation, Miller’s net worth is about $16 million. However, this data is disclosed in ranges, and there’s no way to know whether her net worth was higher or lower than that.  The statement is accurate but needs additional context, so we rate it .
Statement: Gov. Bob McDonnell in 2010 "did not even create enough jobs to keep pace with population growth" in Virginia.
Speaker: brian moran
About the speaker: Brian J. Moran was named the public safety secretary for incoming Gov. Terry McAuliffe.
Moran was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1996 until 2008, representing Alexandria. He ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 2009, losing to state Sen. Creigh Deeds. Moran was elected chairman of the Democratic Party of Virginia in late 2010.
Moran was born in Nantick, Mass. He attended Framingham State University in Massachusetts and later earned a law degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., in 1988.
Date: February 25, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: jobs
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Moran also cites a drop in the percentage of working-age Virginians who were employed last year. The numbers certainly confirm his  that state job growth did not keep pace with population growth. So he’s right on the trend, but it’s questionable whether the sluggish job environment can be laid at the feet of a governor who has been in office for a year. While there is some  in Moran’s statement, he also uses a  figure to paint an  picture of the jobs situation under McDonnell. We rate the statement .
Statement: Under Obamacare, "75 percent of small businesses now say they are going to be forced to either fire workers or cut their hours.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: July 25, 2013
Location: national
Topics: economy;health care;jobs;small business
Context: a FoxNews.com op-ed
Fact-check justification: Rubio, arguing to defund Obamacare, said "75 percent of small businesses now say they are going to be forced to either fire workers or cut their hours." That’s not remotely . In the study of small businesses he cited, less than 10 percent said they might make that choice. His office cited a news article that misinterpreted ambiguous results from an interest-group survey. But basic statistics about America’s small businesses show the number was seriously unlikely, and a quick message to the U.S. Chamber exposed the error. Yet opinion pieces under Rubio’s name repeat the  — one that’s so , it’s . We rate it .
Statement: The CDC has recommended mail in voting. That's what this whole pandemic is about: the election!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 7, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said "The CDC has recommended mail in voting. That’s what this whole pandemic is about: the election!"  In March, the CDC issued multiple recommendations to reduce the chance that voters would interact with each other, including voting by mail. But the CDC also recommended other ways voters could cast ballots, including at early voting sites or at off-peak times on election day. It also recommended precinct-level strategies for in-person voting such as encouraging social distancing and sanitizing election equipment. What’s more, there is no indication that the pandemic’s origin is tied to American elections. We rate this statement .
Statement: Romney's Medicare plan was estimated to "cost the average senior about $6,000 a year.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 3, 2012
Location: national
Topics: debates;medicare;retirement
Context: Denver
Fact-check justification: Or providers? Or somewhere else? Competing claims about its financial impact on seniors remain speculative. Obama is repeating a number about an old Republican plan because there isn’t an updated analysis of the new plan, which contains significant differences. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Rep. Brian Fitzpatrick, R-Pa., "stood with Trump and the lies… He stood with QAnon, not you.
Speaker: dccc
About the speaker: Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee 
Date: February 2, 2021
Location: national
Topics: congress;impeachment;pennsylvania
Context: an attack ad
Fact-check justification: A Democratic ad said Fitzpatrick "stood with Trump and the lies… He stood with QAnon, not you."  Fitzpatrick’s vote against impeachment carried the most legal heft of any of his actions. Regardless of whether Fitzpatrick saw it as supporting Trump, his vote fell on the plus side of the ledger for Trump.  But Fitzpatrick publicly criticized Trump. He spoke against the lies of election fraud. He also publicly condemned QAnon. The  has an element of , but mistates other facts. We rate it .
Statement: In Detroit, "people are showing up to vote only to be told, 'sorry, you have already voted.'
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 8, 2022
Location: michigan
Topics: elections
Context: a Truth Social post
Fact-check justification: Trump claimed that in Detroit, "People are showing up to Vote only to be told, ‘sorry, you have already voted.’"  Election officials said a computer glitch wrongly signaled that ballots about to be given to some Detroit voters at the polls had already been issued as absentee. The computer error did not mean the voters themselves had already cast absentee ballots.  Election officials said poll workers were able to work around the errors, and all eligible voters were able to cast their ballots. We rate Trump’s  . RELATED: Why days of ballot counting isn’t suspicious RELATED: Social media post falsely claims 2022 election fraud because ‘ Democrats vote early’ RELATED: No, Maricopa vote tabulators didn’t lead to ballots with ‘no chain of custody’
Statement: Says Larry Taylor gave "in-state tuition to illegal immigrants.
Speaker: conservative voters of texas pac
About the speaker:   Political action committee whose president is Houston attorney Mark McCaig.
Date: May 25, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;education
Context: whylarrywhy.com
Fact-check justification: The PAC says Taylor voted to give in-state tuition to illegal immigrants. However, Texas lawmakers granted illegal immigrants the chance to pay in-state college tuition rates in 2001. It’s correct that the cited 2005 action revised the 2001 law, partly to benefit legal U.S. residents. But these changes did not give or create the tuition benefit. If lawmakers had simply rejected the 2005 proposal, for instance, the tuition benefit would have stayed in place. It was years old. This  depicts a vote on a measure crafted for limited purposes as if it were a vote to launch the state’s in-state tuition benefit. That’s tricky reasoning -- and . !
Statement: In Harrisburg, I passed more bills than all the Democrats combined, in terms of legislation affecting the city.
Speaker: john taylor
About the speaker: State Representative of Pennsylvania
Date: September 13, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Context: In an interview with City & State PA
Fact-check justification: In an article about Republican state Rep. John Taylor’s bid for re-election against Democrat Joe Hohenstein, Taylor emphasized the need for Philadelphia to have a prominent Republican by saying, "In Harrisburg, I passed more bills than all the Democrats combined, in terms of legislation affecting the city." According to the Legislature’s website, Taylor has been the prime sponsor of five bills that have passed this term. The 23 Philly Democrats have been prime sponsors of two bills that have passed. We rule the  .
Statement: As President George W. Bush's trade representative, Portman failed to address China's currency manipulation, which was inflated to as much as 40 percent in 2006.
Speaker: lee fisher
About the speaker: Lee Fisher is the former lieutenant governor of Ohio. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2010.
Date: July 13, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: economy
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: But he was following a long-held policy that has been articulated by Congress and presidents. The Obama administration agrees with Portman: Currency is not the trade ambassador’s job. And Portman "addressed" it repeatedly in congressional hearings, telling Congress exactly what his campaign says today. That’s why we rate Fisher’s  . Comment on this item .
Statement: 'Dark money' spending" in the 2016 election cycle "is 10 times what it was at the same point in the 2012 election cycle," when it topped $308 million.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: October 31, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: campaign finance;congress;elections
Context: a campaign email
Fact-check justification:  . Scott Walker's views on abortion are more restrictive "than any Republican president in recent times."  . Middle-class Americans "pay a higher tax rate than millionaires and billionaires."  .
Statement: The Massachusetts health care plan "dealt with 8 percent of our population," far less than the "100 percent of American people" affected by President Barack Obama's health care law.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: September 5, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: South Carolina
Fact-check justification: Given the unpopularity of the federal health care law within the Republican base, it’s understandable that Romney is trying to show primary voters that the law he signed is different from the one Obama signed. However, Romney’s example is specious -- a felony case of comparing apples and oranges. Either both laws affected something approaching 100 percent of the populace, or they affected about 8 percent (in Massachusetts) and 17 percent (in the U.S. as a whole). Romney is mixing two completely different things together to make a point that simply isn't valid.. The way Romney phrased it, listeners would be led to believe that the reach of the federal law is vastly wider than that of the Massachusetts law. In reality, on the question of covering the uninsured through an individual mandate -- the specific criterion Romney used in his comments -- the percentages of people affected aren’t wildly divergent. So we rate Romney’s statement !
Statement: Says that Dianne Feinstein said, "When the gunman realizes that nobody else is armed, he will lay down his weapons and turn himself in…. that's just human nature.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 24, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: an image on Facebook
Fact-check justification: The original website doesn’t operate now, but the full article can be found in the archive of the  WayBack Machine.   It is bylined by a  author "Jimmy Olsentwins." The website itself was satirical and  active in 2013. For the next five years the  post bounced around the internet (especially in  memes ) to criticize Feinstein. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Barack "Obama admits he's coming for our guns, telling Sarah Brady, 'We are working on (gun control), but under the radar.'
Speaker: national rifle association
About the speaker: An advocacy group that fights restrictions on the right to bear arms.
Date: June 11, 2012
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a mailer
Fact-check justification: In a mailer, the National Rifle Association says that  "Obama admits he’s coming for our guns, telling Sarah Brady, ‘We are working on (gun control), but under the radar.’ " We found no  of an Obama admission anything like the NRA suggests. What happened is Brady gave an interview to the Washington Post, where she recalled what the president said to her during a private meeting. But the NRA makes a tremendous leap by concluding that the quote shows that "Obama admits he's coming for our guns." A person at the meeting said Obama was likely referring to an in-the-works program to get gun dealers in border states to forward some gun purchases to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Brady says she never talked to Obama about gun policy. The NRA has taken a fragment of an unclear quote and prescribed the most far-reaching, conspiratorial conclusion. There simply isn't enough  for such a sweeping . We rate it .
Statement: Says Sen. Tim Kaine "approves of and even applauds his son's participation in a known terrorist organization, #Antifa.
Speaker: corey stewart
About the speaker: Corey Stewart, a Republican, is the chairman of the Prince William County's board of supervisors. He was elected to the board in 2003 to represent the Occoquan district. Then he won a special election in 2006 to become chairman. He was elected to four-year terms in 2007 and 2011.   
Stewart ran an unsuccessful campaign for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor in 2013.
Stewart was born in Minnesota. He graduated from Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., and earned a law degree from William Mitchell College of Law, St. Paul, Minn. He works as an international trade attorney in private practice.
Date: June 13, 2018
Location: national
Topics: ethics
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Kaine has encouraged his son and others to peacefully express their political views. But Stewart’s statement that Kaine "approves of and even applauds his son’s participation in a known terrorist organization" implied that Kaine has indicated he would be okay with his son’s participation in the violence at Antifa protests, as well. Kaine’s statements tell a different story — namely, that he approves of his son’s Antifa-related protests only when they are peaceful. Kaine has more than once advocated for peaceful protest, and he has also condemned the violence that has driven some to label Antifa as a terrorist group. We rate Stewart’s statement .