chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: We have the highest rate of childhood poverty of any major country on Earth.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: July 5, 2015
Location: national
Topics: poverty
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "We have the highest rate of childhood poverty of any major country on Earth." His office later clarified that "major country" referred to those nations that were members of the OECD. The 2012 UNICEF report he pointed to agrees with him, but two studies released since then, including another one from UNICEF, show that while the United States does consistently have one of the highest rates of childhood poverty in the world, there are several OECD members with higher rates, notably Israel and Mexico. We rate the  .
Statement: U.S. House opponent Paul Ryan supports "cutting funding for veterans by 24 percent.
Speaker: rob zerban
About the speaker: Democrat Rob Zerban of Wisconsin is a former small business owner and former Kenosha County supervisor. He lost a bid to unseat Republican Paul Ryan in the southern Wisconsin U.S. House of Representatives district in November 2012. He won the Aug. 12, 2014 Democratic primary election to face Ryan again.
Date: August 9, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: disability;federal budget;health care;housing;veterans
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: And the Democrats fill in the details, claiming popular programs like education are on the chopping block." Our rating Zerban said Ryan supports "cutting funding for veterans by 24 percent." But Ryan’s short-term budgets provide for spending increases for veterans services. And even if his long-term plans lead to spending reductions, there isn’t enough detail to know whether and how much programs for veterans would be trimmed. We rate Zerban’s statement .
Statement: The racial and ethnic makeup of the Gwinnett County Sheriff's Office mirrors the community it serves.
Speaker: butch conway
About the speaker: elected sheriff first in 1996
Date: September 16, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: county government;criminal justice;jobs;crime;race and ethnicity;public safety
Context: press conference
Fact-check justification: Conway said his department mirrors the community it serves in racial and ethnic diversity. Data we reviewed show the department is more diverse than Gwinnett County government as a whole. African-Americans and other major ethnic and racial groups are represented in the department -- some groups are more proportionally represented in the department than others. But Conway’s overarching point stands up. We rate his statement as .
Statement: Says Democratic North Carolina House candidate Dan McCready "took money from the Pelosi crowd" and is "with them" in their agenda and "wants to repeal your tax cut.
Speaker: mark harris
About the speaker: Rev. Mark Harris is the former pastor of First Baptist Church in Charlotte. He has been a candidate for U.S. Senate and U.S. Congress in North Carolina.
Date: September 20, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: bipartisanship
Context: A campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Are there ties between members of Team Pelosi and McCready? Absolutely. Does McCready support the same agenda as Democratic leaders such as Pelosi? Based on his website , he supports much of it, but it is the agenda of Democrats in general. He opposes turning Medicare into a voucher program. (House Republicans have proposed a program they say would be entirely voluntary.) He wants to protect the EPA from "a hatchet." He supports abortion rights. Such agreement, however, would make the overwhelming majority of Democrats "in with" Pelosi. It would mean the southern "blue dog" Democrats are. It would mean the East and West Coast Democrats are -- even those who want to replace her because they say she hasn't been foreceful or confrontational enough. There would be few distinctions When Republicans invoke Pelosi’s name and say an opponent is "with them," they are using "shorthand for ‘Oh, those liberals,’" Greene said. Harris’  has elements of .   But it affixes a generic label that needs fuller context. We can’t say which shade of blue will come out of the wash, but we can rate the : .
Statement: The Obama administration gave Iran "$400 million in ransom payment cash.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 21, 2016
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;nuclear;terrorism
Context: Michigan
Fact-check justification: Trump said the Obama administration gave Iran "$400 million in ransom payment cash." On the same day in January, the United States paid Iran $400 million dollars, and Iran released several American prisoners. While there appears to be a quid pro quo — the United States would not give Iran the cash until the prisoners were on their way home — this does not equate to ransom, experts told us. Iran had a legitimate  to the money, as the United States owed it to Iran as part of a resolution to a decades-long financial dispute. It’s unclear whether the prisoner and financial disputes were connected in just the final hours of the prisoner transfer or if there was more advance coordination. Trump’s statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: CNN reported Donald Trump died on Nov. 1.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 2, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: It says he "died of autoerotic asphyxiation in his Florida home on November 1, 2022. "   The story is not on CNN’s website , and we found no  that it ever was.   Trump has been active on  Social since his alleged death, and Nov. 2 he issued a statement endorsing Sen. Mike Lee, R-Utah.   On Nov. 3, he’s expected at a rally in Sioux City, Iowa, to support Sen. Charles Grassley, R-Iowa. We rate claims that he’s dead and CNN reported it !
Statement: There was no effort" to get American experts into China after it announced the coronavirus, and "we had one person in-country (and Trump) pulled him out of the country.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: March 27, 2020
Location: national
Topics: china;coronavirus
Context: a virtual town hall on CNN
Fact-check justification: Biden said that Trump made "no effort" to get American experts into China and pulled the "one person" the U.S. had on the ground out of China. Trump’s personal role is unclear, but his Health and Human Services secretary did make the effort to get U.S. experts inside. The department reached out to China in the first week of January, and secretary Azar asked his Chinese counterpart again in late January. China resisted outsiders, both from the U.S. and WHO.  Biden’s assertion that Trump pulled the "one person" out of China has more substance, but is not as straight-forward as he made it sound. An American CDC epidemiologist left in July and was not replaced. The overall American staff went from eight down to three. According to the Health and Human Services Department, the staff reduction was mainly driven by changes in the U.S. strategy to reduce HIV/AIDS. Biden made it sound as though everyone left, but some CDC staff remained. The first  is, at best, exaggerated, and the second is murky on the details. We rate Biden’s attack .
Statement: Joe Biden said to transgender women, "you will never be a real woman.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 5, 2023
Topics: sexuality;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In June 2022, which is Pride Month, Biden signed another executive order aimed at protecting access to gender-affirming health care and responding to what he called an "unrelenting political and legislative attacks at the state level" against LGBTQI+ people. Deepfake technology is becoming more common and experts fear videos employing these deceptive tactics may become harder to spot . There is no  that Biden has criticized transgender Americans, as the video claims. He’s shown plenty of support, based on his remarks and actions since taking office in 2021. We rate the  !
Statement: In the Georgia-Russia conflict, "we flew a brigade of Georgian soldiers" from Iran to Georgia and "sent U.S. ships into the Black Sea and provided various kinds of supplies.
Speaker: dick cheney
About the speaker: Dick Cheney served as Vice President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 in the administration of George W. Bush.
Date: May 18, 2014
Topics: foreign policy;punditfact
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Cheney said the Bush administration flew Georgian troops back to Georgia and used American war ships to provide supplies during that country’s conflict with Russia. While both actions took place, the troops were not sent into combat against Russian forces and the supplies were humanitarian. Neither effort tipped the military balance in Georgia’s favor. The statement has a measure of  but leaves out some important nuances. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Connie Mack "wrote a letter to the Department of Transportation in order to get $29 million in stimulus for his congressional district.
Speaker: bill nelson
About the speaker: Bill Nelson was first elected to the U.S. Senate from Florida in 2000. He lost re-election to Gov. Rick Scott in 2018. Nelson previously served in the Florida Legislature, Congress and as state Treasurer and Insurance Commissioner.
 
Date: October 17, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: stimulus
Context: Davie, Fla
Fact-check justification: During the U.S. Senate debate, Nelson accused Mack of denouncing the stimulus but asking for money. It’s no secret: Mack frequently bashes the stimulus as an impediment to economic growth. Yet, his letters suggest he thinks the stimulus money would boost his area’s economy. We rate Nelson’s  .
Statement: There are "22 million illegal aliens living in America and ... voting illegally.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 24, 2021
Topics: immigration;elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral image says there are "22 million illegal aliens living in America and ... voting illegally." That’s not . Many reliable entities, including the Homeland Security Department and the Pew Research Center, estimate that there are closer to 11 million people living illegally in the U.S. There’s no  that 22 million are regularly voting illegally or did so in 2020. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says someone tried to suppress votes by disguising trash cans as ballot boxes.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 27, 2020
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: elections;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Instagram
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post claimed that posters, with the words "BALLOT BOX" in large lettering, were placed on trash bins to suppress votes by  voters into thinking they were official ballot boxes. The posters were advertisements for a history exhibit on voting rights. They were taken down shortly after complaints were made about the confusion. We rate this  . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: I think with the exception of the last year or maybe the last two years, we were at 100 percent" when it came to contributing to the Providence pension fund.
Speaker: david cicilline
About the speaker: David Cicilline was elected to the 1st Congressional District in 2010. Before that, he was mayor of Providence, beginning in January, 2003. A Brown University graduate, he received his law degree from Georgetown University Law Center.
Date: December 25, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: city budget;pensions;retirement;taxes
Context: an appearance on WPRI's Newsmakers
Fact-check justification: U.S. Rep. David Cicilline said that "with the exception of the last year or maybe the last two years, we were at 100 percent" when it came to the amount Providence contributed to the city's pension fund during the eight years he was mayor. But those last two years were not the exception. During the first three years when Cicilline was in office for the full fiscal year, the city's contribution fell short of 100 percent, ranging from 86 to 96 percent. But in the last five years of his term, the contribution was either close to or at 100 percent. Cicilline, in his off-the-cuff statement, mixed up where the years with the lowest contribution fell. But he made it clear a few times that he was citing figures from memory, so we’ll give him some leeway and rule . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: The death of George Floyd was a "staged event.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 28, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Conspiracy theories that allege a tragedy was either staged or fabricated commonly circulate online following major news events.  claims that Floyd’s death was staged first started bubbling up in Facebook groups for supporters of President Donald Trump on May 27. From there, they spread to other conspiratorial groups, according to CrowdTangle, an audience analytics tool. The Facebook post is  and makes a  . We rate it .
Statement: The reality is that we have roughly 15,000 undocumented immigrants living in the state...
Speaker: jorge elorza
About the speaker: Jorge O. Elorza was elected mayor of Providence in 2014. A professor at the Roger Williams University School of Law, he is co-founder of the Latino Policy Institute at Roger Williams University and stepped down as a judge on the Providence Housing Court in 2014 to run for mayor. He received his law degree from Harvard University in 2003, and a bachelor of science degree in accounting from the University of Rhode Island. 
Date: October 2, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: immigration;education
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: "I told him I had no problem using the larger number; it made my point even stronger.’’ If only he had checked his numbers before he went on TV. But he didn’t, so we rate Elorza’s   . (To comment on this and other rulings, visit our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page. And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Georgia is "one of only about seven states in the country" that has a AAA bond rating.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: April 20, 2011
Location: georgia
Context: a speech before the Atlanta Press Club
Fact-check justification: Only 4 percent earn that rating from Standard & Poor’s in the public finance sector, which includes state bond ratings, said Robin Prunty, managing director for state ratings. Every ratings agency says the state’s bond outlook is stable. Georgia has held on to its Moody’s Aaa rating since 1974, according to a report the agency issued in April. In conclusion: The actual number of states with AAA ratings from all major credit rating agencies is eight. But since Deal hedged and said "about seven," and his overall point was that Georgia’s credit is exceptional, we’ll give him a .
Statement: A 2013 state law would allow the operator of an iron ore mine in northern Wisconsin to "fill in pristine streams and ponds with mine waste.
Speaker: dan kaufman
About the speaker: Musician and writer Dan Kaufman is a Wisconsin native now living in Brooklyn, N.Y. He works as a freelance fact checker for the New York Times.
 
Date: March 29, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment
Context: an opinion article
Fact-check justification: Our rating The state law aimed at paving the way for the Gogebic mine relaxed environmental regulations for iron mining, and sped up the permit process, steps aimed at giving the company more certainty. Kaufman says that law also lets the company  "fill in pristine streams and ponds with mine waste." Kaufman’s correct that the new mining law allows streams and ponds to be filled in at the mining site. But he left out an important point --  that before that takes place the company and state would have to strike a deal for comparable streams and ponds to be created elsewhere.    We rate his statement .
Statement: We're borrowing 20% of (the federal) budget.
Speaker: glenn grothman
About the speaker: Republican Glenn Grothman, of the Town of Glenbeulah in Sheboygan County, was first elected to Congress in 2014 after serving 21 years in the Wisconsin Legislature. He represents the 6th Congressional District in east-central Wisconsin that includes all or parts of Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Fond du Lac, Dodge, Winnebago, Columbia, Green Lake, Marquette and Waushara counties.  
 
Date: November 30, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: In 2014, Social Security rose by $37 billion (or 5 percent); Medicare increased $14 billion (or 3 percent); and Medicaid rose $36 billion (or 14 percent), largely because of the expansion of insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act, the Congressional Budget Office reported. On the other hand, spending for unemployment benefits declined by $24 billion (or 33 percent) as fewer people received benefits after an emergency extension expired, CBO said. Our rating Grothman claimed that "We’re borrowing 20% of our budget." He was on target earlier this year with that figure based on 2013 results, but the latest numbers are just in for 2014 and show a decline from that 20 percent mark. On balance we rate his  .
Statement: Says the cartels are so bad in a Mexican border state that the U.S. government issued a 'Do Not Travel' warning -- the same warning it issued for Syria.
Speaker: mark walker
About the speaker: Mark Walker, a Republican, represented North Carolina's 6th Congressional District from 2015-2020. He is running in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate in 2022. 
Date: November 27, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: immigration;terrorism
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Walker said Mexican cartels are so bad that the U.S. "issued a ‘Do Not Travel’ to a Mexican state that has a 230m border with the US–the same designation as Syria." That state is Tamaulipas. It has the same "Do Not Travel" advisory warning as Syria. And the border is roughly 230 miles long. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Democratic Senate candidate Mandela Barnes "supports abolishing ICE.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: August 10, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration;border security;legal issues
Context: News release
Fact-check justification: The National Republican Senatorial Committee claimed that Barnes "supports abolishing ICE." But the group identified no direct  or statements from the candidates saying such a thing — only an appearance for a group that supports that position, and a photo with a T-shirt. At the same time, there is plenty of  that Barnes has taken a less extreme position on the matter, calling for reforms. In other words, we have a statement that "contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression." That’s our definition of . And that’s our rating.
Statement: Says high-speed rail would have created 60,000 jobs.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: October 21, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: debates;message machine 2014;stimulus;transportation
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Crist said "some say 60,000 jobs" would have been created by a Tampa-to-Orlando high-speed rail line. Some may say that, but they would be . Even a cursory reading of the state’s estimates put the figure at about 50,000, significantly less than what Crist claimed. A detailed explanation shows a more nuanced forecast. Basically, the project pays for 50,000 one-year salaries over the course of four years. At the high-point, 21,600 workers would be needed in 2011, but just 2,100 in 2014. About 1,100 permanent jobs would be created thereafter. We rate the statement .
Statement: The proposed raises for the Norcross City Council would put it in line with other liked-sized communities.
Speaker: norcross city council
About the speaker: The Norcross City Council consists of a mayor and five members who are elected at-large and serve for two-year terms, which are staggered. Their duties include approving an annual budget and establishing a property tax rate to help pay for city services.
Date: May 9, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: city budget;city government
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: If you consider the average salaries for 10 similarly sized cities, Norcross officials would still make less than their counterparts. If you examine each of those cities separately, the Norcross officials would make more in some cases and less in other instances. From what we’ve reviewed, Norcross has a pretty good argument here. The council will be in the middle of other liked-sized communities concerning pay. We rate the  .