chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: By revoking the Keystone pipeline permit, Biden is destroying 11,000 jobs.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 20, 2021
Topics: energy;jobs;facebook fact-checks
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says that Biden’s executive order revoking the Keystone XL pipeline "is destroying 11,000 jobs."  That number is an estimate, and the  lacks context about the longevity of Keystone jobs. TC Energy said more than 1,000 people are out of work because of Biden’s executive order. In October, the company said it expected to employ more than 11,000 Americans in 2021 and generate more than $1.6 billion in gross wages.  But both TC Energy and the State Department have said the majority of those jobs would be temporary. A 2014 report found that the company would need only 50 employees to maintain the Keystone XL pipeline once it’s finished, 35 of them permanent. Temporary jobs are still jobs. But this post could leave the  impression without full context. We rate it .
Statement: McCain "has opposed stem cell research.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 16, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: It’s a tough issue. I support federal funding." And McCain has backed up his words with his vote twice in recent years, even when it meant challenging President Bush and a majority of his fellow Senate Republicans. That’s not standing in the way of, or opposing, stem cell research. We rate the Obama ad .
Statement: A video shows that a "Nuremberg 2.0 crimes against humanity trial starts Jan 2023.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 23, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Some speakers at the event were critical of the government’s pandemic restrictions and COVID-19 vaccine mandates. But it isn’t a sign that a crimes against humanity trial starts in January. We found no news reports, press releases or other sources to suggest a "crimes against humanity trial" is looming. The International Criminal Court investigates and tries individuals charged with crimes against humanity, among other offenses, and its prosecutor relies on the cooperation of countries around the world for support in making arrests and enforcing sentences.     We rate this post .
Statement: Obamacare could cause 20 million people to lose their current coverage.
Speaker: u.s. chamber of commerce
About the speaker: From the chamber's Web site: "The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is the world's largest business federation representing 3 million businesses of all sizes, sectors, and regions, as well as state and local chambers and industry associations. More than 96% of U.S. Chamber members are small businesses with 100 employees or fewer."
Date: May 21, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: health care;message machine 2012
Context: TV commercial
Fact-check justification: The U.S. Chamber said, "Obamacare could cause 20 million people to lose their current coverage." It's a  that is oft-repeated and much exaggerated. The chamber employs a worst-case projection by a nonpartisan research agency. The agency’s other forecasts are lower, but you wouldn’t know that from watching the ad. And unlike Priebus, the group does not specify that the type of insurance potentially affected is a specific type of insurance -- "employer-based" insurance. Plus, this 20 million estimate only counts people who receive coverage from their employer -- and not those who might receive better coverage elsewhere. Most importantly, this figure does not represent uninsured people who will get coverage because of the law. We rate it .
Statement: Chinese workers made "90,000 banners" for Trump's 2020 re-election campaign and the president chose to hire "Chinese workers instead of American workers
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 6, 2019
Topics: china;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post shows a picture of a Chinese factory worker making "one of the 90,000" Trump 2020 re-election banners and accuses the "America First" president of hiring Chinese workers over American workers. The photograph is authentic. There have been at least 90,000 Trump 2020 re-election materials produced in China, and at a rapid rate as U.S. tariffs loom over the country. While pictures and interviews show the items are indeed being made in a Chinese factory, there is not enough information to link it to Trump’s campaign. Moreover, not only did the Trump campaign deny they ordered the items and called the flags counterfeit, FEC data for the campaign’s expenditures does not include any Chinese companies. The statement has an element of  — there are thousands of Trump re-election items being made in China – but, based on what we know now, claiming that the president is behind the production without proof falls short. We rate this  .
Statement: Minnesota is kicking butt relative to Wisconsin on everything from employment and job creation to school test scores, educated work force and a host of other factors and rankings
Speaker: joe atkins
About the speaker: Minnesota state Rep. Joe Atkins, a member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party, is from the Twin Cities area.
Date: August 29, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;education;jobs;government regulation;small business;states;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: We could go on, but we think the picture is pretty clear. Our rating Comparing the two states for business, Atkins said: "Minnesota is kicking butt relative to Wisconsin on everything from employment and job creation to school test scores, educated workforce and a host of other factors and rankings." Minnesota outperformed Wisconsin by comfortable margins on four measures Atkins singled out, and on several other rankings that used various economic indices. On other measures, Wisconsin led or was about even with Minnesota. For a statement that is partially accurate, we give Atkins a .
Statement: Education funding of $7,176 per student is a "historic level.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: March 3, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: education;state budget
Context: the State of the State address
Fact-check justification: Scott said his recommendation of education funding of $7,176 per student is a "historic level." That’s accurate only if you don’t account for inflation, which has ticked up each year since the previous per-student spending high in 2007-08. The  is partially accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Says the 1995 Chicago heat wave was "the largest single-day, non-war fatality in the United States" prior to 9/11, and "we are now expecting temperatures that hot in Chicago every summer.
Speaker: sean casten
About the speaker: Sean Casten is a Democrat serving as U.S. Representative for Illinois' 6th congressional district. This is his first term in office.
Date: August 23, 2021
Location: illinois
Topics: climate change;infrastructure;weather
Context: remarks at a press conference
Fact-check justification: Casten said the 1995 Chicago heat wave that killed 739 people was "the largest single-day, non-war fatality in the United States" prior to 9/11 and "we are now expecting temperatures that hot in Chicago every summer." That heat wave spanned multiple days, making it impossible to compare the event to more sudden tragedies, many of which also killed more people. Casten’s office told us the congressman was mistaken in this comparison. Casten is correct that Chicago faces a future of increasingly frequent extreme heat. If significant actions are not taken to reduce emissions, the city could face 1995-like heat waves every year. But Chicago might still avoid this fate with lower emissions, researchers said, and even in the worst case such extreme heat events would not become so frequent until at least 2050. We rate Casten’s  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Under the House Republican tax proposal, "the average family of four earning median income ($59,000/year) will receive an additional $1,182 in their pocket every year.
Speaker: drew ferguson
About the speaker: Drew Ferguson is a Republican member of the House of Representatives representing a district in Georgia.
Date: November 5, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: an email to a constituent
Fact-check justification: Ferguson said that under the House Republican tax proposal, "the average family of four earning median income ($59,000/year) will receive an additional $1,182 in their pocket every year." This is based on a plausible and transparent calculation, but Ferguson glossed over some context. The calculation doesn’t factor in several itemized deductions that would disappear under the proposal and that could have a significant impact on at least some "typical" families around that income level. And the statement is  when it says the family will save $1,182 "every year," since that’s the case in the first year only; after that, the benefit starts to shrink and eventually turns into a tax hike. We rate the statement . EDITORS' NOTE, Nov. 6, 2017: We updated this story to remove a reference to an analysis by the Tax Policy Center of the tax plan. That plan is now under review by TPC and the organization asked journalists to refrain from quoting the report until it is revised.
Statement: Only in the Third World do you see this habitual use of prosecutions of former leaders.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: January 27, 2021
Topics: criminal justice;history;crime
Context: remarks
Fact-check justification: Rubio said, "Only in the Third World do you see this habitual use of prosecutions of former leaders." This is not . Developed countries in Europe and Asia have also prosecuted their former leaders in recent years, mainly for corruption. Two former presidents of South Korea, for example, are currently in prison. We rate Rubio’s  .
Statement: Says a photo shows "25,000 outside all to hear the POTUS speak!
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 11, 2019
Topics: party support;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It’s not showing the Trump crowd. It’s not outside the Target Center, where the Minnesota Timberwolves play. It’s in Cleveland, Ohio, on June 22, 2016, during a victory parade after the Cavaliers won the 2016 NBA championship. Angelo Merendino shot the photo for Getty Images . We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama is responsible for pending defense cuts.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: September 21, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: corrections and updates;federal budget;message machine 2012;military
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The Romney campaign ad refers to "Obama’s defense cuts" that could threaten jobs. But in short-handing the looming defense cuts, the ad gives only one piece of a much larger story. Obama’s negotiating team came up with the idea for defense cuts in 2011, but they were intended to motivate Congress to come up with a better deal for reining in the deficit, not as an effort to make those cuts reality. Meanwhile, both parties voted for the legislation that set up the chain of events leading to defense cuts. Obama’s position is that Congress should now act to avoid those cuts. We rate the statement . Update: This report has been updated to include Eaglen's position as an adviser to the Romney campaign.
Statement: English "is our national language...if it becomes official, that means in a place like New York City you can't print ballots in any other language.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 3, 2007
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Her  that making English the nation's "official" (different from "national") language would mean state and local governments could no longer use other languages on ballots or pay for translation services in places such as hospitals doesn't hold up. The non-partisan Congressional Research Service has examined this question several times, most recently in January 2007. It concluded that designating English "official" or "national" would have no practical impact. An official designation alone would not cancel government programs, and although several pieces of legislation now pending in Congress would repeal some federal mandates on things such as non-English ballots, none of the bills would go so far as to prohibit governments from helping non-English speakers as Clinton said. A 2000 presidential executive order, signed by Bill Clinton, makes it federal policy that multilingual services are considered to be among the rights guaranteed in federal civil rights law.
Statement: We got to a point that our Air Force pilots were going to museums to find spare parts over the last eight years" under Barack Obama.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: May 2, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: corrections and updates;federal budget;military
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Indeed, the Air Force operates a base whose main functions include storing thousands of planes to be available for spare parts. The experts also agreed that even as defense spending dropped under Obama, the Air Force had sufficient funding to prevent the need for pilots to hunt for airplane parts in museums. We rate Ryan’s  . Editor's note: This item was updated on June 9, 2017 to say that the Fox News report did identify one museum.  That information does not change the rating.
Statement: The (border) fence is now basically complete.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 10, 2011
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: El Paso
Fact-check justification: The Border Patrol has not gone "above and beyond" what Republicans requested, as Obama claimed. What they originally requested was a double-layer fence, and they didn't get much of it. And so we rate Obama's statement .    Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: The Club Q shooting was a "false flag.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: November 20, 2022
Location: colorado
Topics: national;crime;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: A social media post made the baseless  the mass shooting at an LGBTQ nightclub in Colorado Springs was a  flag operation.  The post implied the shooting was staged and pointed to a perceived connection to the QAnon conspiracy theorists because the club is named Club Q.  The club has no connection to QAnon. It was opened more than a decade before QAnon emerged as a conspiracy theory. Overwhelming  from continuous news coverage, police statements and witness testimonies prove the shooting happened. Five people were killed and their loved ones are mourning. We rate this  ! RELATED:  Why do some people think mass shootings are staged every time? RELATED:    flags: They’re real, but far less widespread than social media suggest
Statement: Photo shows Joe Biden touching a child inappropriately.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 13, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In a video of the interaction, available on C-SPAN , the child is seen walking up to Biden and showing off the tee. Biden kneels down to talk to the child and points at the shirt’s American flag design. This is not the first time a photo has been deceptively altered to accuse Biden of malfeasance. PolitiFact has previously debunked these claims . We rate the  that this photo shows Biden touched a child inappropriately !
Statement: Says George Soros was arrested in Switzerland for a web of crimes based on information provided by Barack Obama.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 3, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: There is also no mention of this on Obama’s website , Soros’ Open Society Foundations website , or either of their social media accounts. "There is no  to the story whatsoever," Laura Silber, chief communications officer for Open Society Foundations, told us. "It is nonsense from start to finish." The outlandish conspiracy theory has since been re-posted on various blogs and websites, and eventually turned into a social media post. We rate it !
Statement: Prince William County "has cut violent crime in half" since instituting a crackdown on illegal immigration.
Speaker: corey stewart
About the speaker: Corey Stewart, a Republican, is the chairman of the Prince William County's board of supervisors. He was elected to the board in 2003 to represent the Occoquan district. Then he won a special election in 2006 to become chairman. He was elected to four-year terms in 2007 and 2011.   
Stewart ran an unsuccessful campaign for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor in 2013.
Stewart was born in Minnesota. He graduated from Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., and earned a law degree from William Mitchell College of Law, St. Paul, Minn. He works as an international trade attorney in private practice.
Date: April 11, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: immigration;crime
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Stewart’s said violent crime in Prince William County has been cut in half since the county "instituted" its 2008 crackdown on immigrants. The  only comes close to holding up when Stewart uses statistics kept by the county police and starts his count with crime data from 2006 -- more than a year before crackdown began. Data from the state police -- which uses a more comprehensive formula than Prince William to count violent crime -- tells a different story. It shows only an 24 percent drop in Prince William from 2006 to 2011 just above Virginia’s average. FBI statistics, based on reports from the county’s police, show a 23 percent reduction in violent crime from 2006 to 2010, slightly above Virginia’s decline. It’s important to note, however, that Prince William did outperform its neighboring Northern Virginia counties, which saw violent crime increase from 2006 to 2011, according to state police figures. Stewart’s statement implies Prince William’s drop in violent crime was caused by the crackdown. Experts who studied the impact of the law came to no definitive conclusion on that point.   We rate Stewart’s statement .
Statement: Biden points and waves to nobody again.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 12, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The clip in the post cuts out too soon to see the full picture. But a video showing Biden’s full speech reveals a crowd gathered not just in front of the lectern, but on either side of the stage.   Biden appears to be acknowledging the people standing to his left.   He’s not pointing and waving at "nobody." We rate that  .