chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Over the past eight years, the United States has reduced our total carbon pollution more than any other nation on Earth.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 28, 2014
Location: national
Topics: environment;energy;foreign policy
Context: the State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "Over the past eight years, the United States has reduced our total carbon pollution more than any other nation on Earth." Looked at by the total amount of emission reductions, Obama is right. But when you look at the scale of the cuts proportionately -- which puts nations on a more equal footing when making comparisons -- the United States did not achieve the kind of steep cuts that other industrialized countries did. We rate the  .
Statement: Quotes Tom Brady as saying, "If anyone on my team kneels, I quit.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: July 25, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: Posts  that Brady said he would quit football if his teammates kneeled during the national anthem. He never said that. The quote came from a satirical website and was erroneously copied and shared in posts as if it were legitimate. We rate this !
Statement: U.S. Senate candidate Michelle Nunn has avoided taking a stand on Obamacare.
Speaker: washington examiner
About the speaker: The Washington Examiner is a conservative-leaning publication.
Date: June 9, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: opinion piece
Fact-check justification: Nunn doesn’t prominently discuss health care on her website or in her stump speeches, despite its wide-ranging implications for the state. She refuses to say how she would have voted when Congress passed the ACA in 2010, but unlike her opponents, she said she would not vote to repeal the law. While she does list some of the problems with the law, she has yet to propose specific solutions on her website or in person. Nunn has been evasive on some aspects of Obamacare but has been very specific on other areas, such as Medicaid expansion. We rate the overall statement as .
Statement: Woodrow Wilson borrowed $30 billion to fund World War I in 1917. That money has not been paid back. And we are still paying interest on it.
Speaker: andrew napolitano
About the speaker: Andrew Napolitano is a Fox News political commentator and legal analyst.
Date: October 17, 2013
Location: national
Topics: debt;deficit;federal budget;history;pundits
Context: an interview on "Fox and Friends"
Fact-check justification: Napolitano said that "Woodrow Wilson borrowed $30 billion to fund World War I in 1917. That money has not been paid back. And we are still paying interest on it." The original Liberty Bonds and Victory Notes stopped paying interest decades ago. But Napolitano argues that, because the United States has never subsequently zeroed out its debt, the original World War I debt has been rolled over countless times, leaving subsequent bondholders to pay off a small, ancestral fraction of that old debt. That’s one way of looking at it, but not a view that carries much weight with experts, who call the rollover method straightforward and uncontroversial. We rate the  .
Statement: Ken "Block supports Obamacare.
Speaker: allan fung
About the speaker: Allan Fung has been mayor of Cranston, R.I. since Jan. 5, 2009. In 2014 he made an unsuccessful run for governor as a Republican. He received his law degree from Suffolk University, worked as a prosecutor for the state attorney general's office, served as a lobbyist for MetLife and served two terms on the Cranston City Council, beginning in 2002. In his 2012 reelection bid, he was unopposed.
Date: June 2, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;health care;message machine 2014
Context: a TV commercial
Fact-check justification: Block has repeatedly made it clear he no longer supports Obamacare. The very "Newsmakers" appearance the Fung campaign cites in its attack on Block shows that. In light of all the , it is clear that Fung is making a  blockheaded . We rate it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: As district attorney, Susan Happ took $180,000" in a "shady" land deal "from a man charged with multiple felony counts of sexual assault before she offered him a deferred prosecution.
Speaker: republican party of wisconsin
About the speaker: The Wisconsin Republican Party works to elect Republicans to state and federal offices and advance the GOP agenda.
Date: October 5, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a campaign news release
Fact-check justification: The GOP  suggests Reynolds got off too easy -- a feeling the victim shares, based on her complaint to the Office of Lawyer Regulation. Happ said on a radio show that she believes from the general details she knows that the case was handled properly by the assistant DA, whom she described as "tenacious and well qualified." Our rating The Republican Party said, "As district attorney, Susan Happ took $180,000" in a "shady" land deal "from a man charged with multiple felony counts of sexual assault before she offered him a deferred prosecution." The adequacy of Happ’s response to a conflict of interest is up for debate, but the GOP stretches and distorts the timeline of events to create a highly  attack without  to back up the idea that Reynolds got a sweetheart deal by paying $180,000. We rate the
Statement: Most of that money (made by the NFL) goes to the players.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 10, 2018
Location: national
Topics: labor;race and ethnicity;sports
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Most of that money (made by the NFL) goes to the players." According to the collective bargaining agreement now in force, the players are getting 48.5 percent of revenues, a number that can’t average less than 47 percent in the 10-year life of the agreement. That’s not peanuts, but it doesn’t meet even the most generous definition of "most." We rate the statement .
Statement: CEOs now earn 431 times what their workers earn.
Speaker: bumper sticker
About the speaker: A bumper sticker seen on the back of a Volkswagen VR6 in Washington, D.C.
Date: December 20, 2010
Location: national
Topics: corporations;economy;financial regulation;income;workers
Context: Washington, D.C
Fact-check justification: And, leaving aside the question of whether it is warranted or not, there is still a sizable gap between corporate executive pay and worker pay, although probably not as large as the gap between S&P 500 CEOs and the average of all nonsupervisory production workers, some of whom work at much smaller companies. So we’re rating the bumper sticker . CLARIFICATION: An earlier version of this story said the bumper sticker was on a Volkswagen VR6, suggesting that was a VW model. It is an engine model on the car, so the reference to the VR6 has been deleted for clarity.
Statement: A Scott Rothstein victim says that he was "swindled" by Charlie Crist.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: August 27, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: legal issues;crime;message machine 2014
Context: TV ad
Fact-check justification: A TV ad by Scott quotes a Rothstein victim who says that he was "swindled" by Crist, but that’s a gross distortion. Kretschmar was swindled by Rothstein, but the ad provides no  that he was "swindled" by Crist as well. Scott and his campaign argue that the comparison between the "swindles" by Rothstein and Crist is metaphorical, with Crist having "swindled" voters by changing his positions on political issues like same-sex marriage. However, the way the accusation was framed in the ad leaves viewers with the impression that Crist was part of Rothstein’s criminal Ponzi scheme -- he was not. The ad’s equation of the two is , so we rate the  !
Statement: Flights across America are backed up because airline crews are "refusing the mandated jab" and walking off boarded flights.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 8, 2021
Location: national
Topics: transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that flights have been backed up because airline crews across the country were walking off of boarded flights to protest a vaccine mandate. Spirit and American Airlines have both had numerous flight cancellations due to issues including bad weather, staff shortages and system outages. But both airlines said no crew members have walked off flights to protest vaccine requirements.   United, Frontier, Delta and Hawaiian Airlines have each implemented vaccine mandates or policies for their employees, but representatives for each of the companies rejected the  that crew members have protested them.. We rate this  .
Statement: The city's 30 percent set aside for affordable housing in urban renewal areas is calculated citywide -- not district by district
Speaker: sam adams
About the speaker: Sam Adams is the mayor of Portland. Before that he was a city commissioner and , for 11 years, was chief of staff to then-Mayor Vera Katz.
Date: May 18, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: housing
Context: a City Council meeting
Fact-check justification: Adams, however, is asserting the the rule was always a 30 percent average. It’s within his right to go that direction, but it seems off-base to  now that his rule was the rule along. The city attorney's office can tell him that what he wants to do is legal, but that's not the same as the historical intent. We’ll rate this one . Comment on this item.
Statement: At an Atlanta Braves celebration, President Joe Biden "demanded that all the little kids come up on stage to sit on his lap.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 27, 2022
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A deceptively edited video claims that while hosting the Atlanta Braves at the White House, the president urged children in attendance to come onstage and sit on his lap. After posing for a team photo with the Braves, Biden did urge the children to come on stage to get a photo with him. But he didn’t ask any of them to sit on his lap. We rate this !
Statement: Video shows there weren't Marines present during a recent speech by Joe Biden.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 7, 2022
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: After reviewing the clip, AbdAlmageed told us he didn’t see  of "malicious manipulation," and pointed out that Marine to Biden’s left "does exist in the extremely low resolution phone camera. "  The Marine on the right, meanwhile, "is occluded by the podium, since the person using the phone is lower than and closer to the podium." Plenty of other cameras clearly captured both Marines. Images from Reuters , the The Associated Press , CNN , the European Pressphoto Agency and Getty Images show both military members standing well behind Biden in the shadows.       We rate claims that Marines weren’t present during Biden’s speech .
Statement: Since 2001, higher education in the state has been cut or allowed to erode ... by 35 or 40 percent.
Speaker: chris koster
About the speaker: Chris Koster is the Missouri attorney general, and is running for governor as a Democrat.
Date: August 20, 2015
Location: missouri
Topics: education;state budget
Context: comments at the Missouri State Fair as quoted by the Columbia Daily Tribune
Fact-check justification: Koster said that since 2001, higher education funding has been cut or eroded by 35 percent to 40 percent. The legislature hasn’t technically cut higher education funding over this time; nominally, the state has actually spent $100 million more on it. But that’s not enough to keep pace with inflation. And when you factor in skyrocketing enrollment numbers, the amount of money the General Assembly has budgeted to spend on a per student basis has indeed "eroded" by about as much as Koster says it has. Even though Koster’s statement is pretty close, it needs additional information and clarification. We rate it .
Statement: Video shows "Mel Gibson exposing Hollywood elites and the satanic child trafficking.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 16, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: He criticizes Catholic bishops as "hirelings." He doesn’t mention or even allude to child sex trafficking, or the sexual abuse of children.   We took a screenshot of the video and a reverse image search led us to discover that Gibson recorded the video in 2021, when it was shared at a rally for the Coalition of Canceled Priests, then a new organization for priests whose bishops "had removed them from the ministry for defying church authorities or expressing controversial opinions," according to the National Catholic Reporter . Gibson endorsed the group in the video and criticized the Vatican.    We rate claims that this video shows Gibson exposing Hollywood elites and satanic child trafficking .
Statement: Hillary [Clinton] wants to raise taxes by over a trillion dollars.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: August 23, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: taxes
Context: a speech at a campaign rally
Fact-check justification: Pence repeated a similar  in Pennsylvania during a campaign stop this week, saying "Hillary wants to raise taxes by over a trillion dollars." Her plan does, in fact, call for raising a trillion dollars, but it would do so over 10 years — longer than she could serve as president, even if she were re-elected. So if she brought in roughly $100 billion per year, even a two-term Clinton administration couldn't fulfill a promise to bring the total to $1 trillion. Also, the statement ignores another key bit of data — that the money would be raised by tax changes targeted to the richest Americans, a group that has seen its  top tax rate drop dramatically  since the 1950s and early 1960s, when the marginal tax rate was over 90 percent. Because the statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, we rate it .
Statement: When we came into office, we saw that Missouri had 113,000 regulations. That's more than 7.5 million words; it's 40 dictionaries worth of regulations.
Speaker: eric greitens
About the speaker: Eric Greitens, a combat veteran who served in Afghanistan and Iraq, founded The Mission Continues, a Missouri-based non-profit that helps returning veterans. He won his race for Missouri governor as a Republican in 2016. He resigned on May 29, 2018 after he was charged with felony computer tampering and faced allegations related to an extramarital affair.
Date: July 12, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: regulation
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In a Facebook post, Greitens said, "When we came into office, we saw that Missouri had 113,000 regulations. That’s more than 7.5 million words; it’s 40 dictionaries worth of regulations." The word count of the Oxford dictionary — 59 million — blows Greitens’ estimate of the regulations’ word count out of the water. We didn’t get a response from the governor’s office, so it’s unclear which dictionary he referred to, and whether "words" meant every word on the page or individual entries. Still, his point is valid: The Missouri Code of State Regulations is a huge document capable of filling many dictionaries. We rate this  .
Statement: U.S. Rep. John Barrow's plan "puts the IRS in charge of your health care.
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: May 28, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: a billboard
Fact-check justification: The billboards, they say, are disingenuous. It’s not really his plan. The IRS will be involved in the implementation of the law, but so, too, will other federal agencies. We believe the billboards omit some important context. We rate this  .
Statement: More than 400 car crashes occur each year on the current, congested Columbia River Bridge.
Speaker: dennis richardson
About the speaker: Dennis Richardson is a member of the Oregon House, representing District 4. He is an attorney and owns the law firm of Dennis Richardson & Associates, P.C., in Central Point.
Date: September 9, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: infrastructure;transportation
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: There are an exceptional number of accidents occurring around the current Columbia bridge. According to the same environmental impact study, the crash rate in Washington’s project area is about 60 percent higher than it is on other similar highways, and in Oregon’s project area it’s about 50 percent higher. That said, Richardson wrote to constituents that "more than 400 car crashes occur each year on the current, congested Columbia River Bridge." That’s not even close. The statement is .
Statement: A New York man has allegedly infected 240 people with the HIV virus by sleeping with men and women.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 29, 2017
Location: new york
Topics: fake news
Context: posts since 2013, flagged by Facebook to fact-check
Fact-check justification: A website alleges a man has set out to infect as many people with HIV as possible and has infected up to 300 people already. The article is . The New York City Health Department says it is made up. Authorities in New York City are not seeking Burks or anyone for such an allegation. It’s  news. ! PolitiFact New York examined the origins of this  as part of the inaugural International Fact-Checking Day , April 2, 2017. Organizers at Poynter.org describe the day as "not a single event but a rallying cry for more facts - and fact-checking - in politics, journalism, and everyday life."
Statement: The Biden administration "ignores the negative environmental impact created by lithium mining.
Speaker: chuck grassley
About the speaker: Chuck Grassley is a Republican senator from Iowa.
Date: June 7, 2021
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;energy
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Grassley said that the Biden administration "ignores the negative environmental impact created by lithium mining."  There’s not much to back that up. The administration now oversees a project approved by the Trump administration that has drawn lawsuits, but it is vetting another lithium mine proposal against a full menu of environmental considerations. If Grassley was speaking solely about Biden’s budget plan, the facts support him even less. The Energy Department is seeking $75 million to recycle lithium batteries as a strategy to increase supply with less environmental damage.  People might argue that the administration isn’t doing enough, but there’s no  that the administration is ignoring the downsides of lithium mining. We rate this  .
Statement: President Obama has spent over $2 million in legal fees defending lawsuits about his birth certificate.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 7, 2011
Location: national
Topics: obama birth certificate
Context: an interview on NBC's "Today" show
Fact-check justification: It's clear to us that the WND story has been twisted to wrongly assume that every dollar the Obama campaign spent on legal fees went to fight the release of Obama's birth certificate. The  shows that's simply not . It's a huge, unsubstantiated leap to assume that all, or most, of that was related to lawsuits about Obama's citizenship. We rule Trump's  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/74d49c90-3e18-4dfd-9bd9-2fbde85d90cd
Statement: House Democrats kicked Nancy Pelosi from office.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 26, 2022
Topics: congress;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Three lawmakers were expelled in 1861 for fighting on behalf of the Confederacy during the Civil War. More recently, in 1980, former Rep. Michael Myers, D-Pa., was expelled for bribery, and in 2002, former Rep. James Traficant, D-Ohio, was expelled on corruption charges . The expulsions in the past century drew wide media coverage, and the expulsion of Pelosi — not just a lawmaker but also the House speaker — would be big news. And yet, there has been none.   That’s because this Facebook post is !
Statement: Says Ted Cruz represents a Chinese company found guilty of stealing blueprints from an American manufacturer.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: April 17, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;legal issues;message machine 2012
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Matteis’s comment about the word "guilty" strikes us as valid; viewers might take "guilty" in Dewhurst's ad as hinting that Cruz represents someone convicted of a criminal act. This is not so. Cruz is representing a Chinese firm found liable for stealing blueprints. We rate Dewhurst’s  as .