chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Near Morgantown, WV, a Moderna shipment truck crashed, hazmat dispatched, airspace shut down and now apparently Emergency Response is claiming the Department of Defense took it over.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: August 30, 2021
Location: west virginia
Topics: homeland security;military;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: on social media
Fact-check justification: Social media posts said that "near Morgantown, WV, a Moderna shipment truck crashed, hazmat dispatched, airspace shut down and now apparently Emergency Response is claiming the Department of Defense took it over." A truck carrying Moderna vaccines did crash near Morgantown, and a local hazmat crew was called to clean up debris.  However, local emergency management agencies said that the airspace was not shut down and that the Defense Department never dispatched officials to the site of the crash. It was handled exclusively by local agencies, officials said. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Wisconsin's in-person election has caused a "surge" in new coronavirus cases
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 17, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;public health;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An article shared widely on Facebook claimed on April 17, 2020, that Wisconsin coronavirus cases had surged as a result of the in-person election. That’s not the case. The data the article cited failed to factor in a drop in the number of tests administered. It wrongly treated an unusually low number of cases on April 13 as a baseline against which to compare the following days’ new cases. The increase cited was in fact connected to an increased number of tests in the following days. We don’t know for sure what impact the election may prove to have, but we do know it’s  to say a surge has already surfaced. We rate this  .
Statement: Women in the United States are paid about 70 percent of what men earn for the same work.
Speaker: jimmy carter
About the speaker: Jimmy Carter was elected president of the United States in 1976 and served one term. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. The native of Plains, Georgia was submarine commander, peanut farmer, state senator and Georgia governor. 
Date: June 28, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: jobs;women
Context: women's conference session
Fact-check justification: And for this country, the figure Carter uses is actually the wage gap between all men and black women. It has nothing to do with men and women who do the same work, contrary to what he stated. Even if we assume Carter misspoke and meant 77 percent -- the most widely used wage gap figure from a recent census report -- his  would still leave out important details about the census data that would give an entirely different impression had they been included. The former president and Nobel Prize winner does get some credit for his overall theme that a general pay gap persists between men and women, a fact that has been proved by various sets of national data. We rated Carter’s  .
Statement: Republican ideas on health care don't give people "an option to even enroll in something that they can afford.
Speaker: donna brazile
About the speaker: A longtime Democratic political consultant and campaign manager for Al Gore’s 2000 presidential campaign. Currently a political commentator for CNN and frequent commentator on ABC's This Week with George Stephanopoulos.
Date: November 19, 2013
Topics: health care;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of CNN's Situation Room
Fact-check justification: Brazile said Republicans offer no option for those who are desperate for coverage the chance to enroll in something they can afford. Within a more Democratic definition of a plan, that  is accurate. However, using a broader definition, the Republican plan to use refundable tax credits would likely have some impact on Americans of very limited means. Opinions vary widely on how many Americans this would help, but a program of this sort would do something for a portion of the people Brazile had in mind. While the Republican option is full of uncertainty and results might be limited, they are more than nothing. Still, supporters of the GOP reforms were unable to point to independent studies to show how much their ideas for tax deductions and tax credits would accomplish, and previous independent analysis suggests they would have a modest impact on reducing uninsurance rates. We rate Brazile's  .
Statement: Cigarette butts "poison babies and small children because of the nicotine in them.
Speaker: karina wood
About the speaker: Karina Holyoak Wood is a policy director for the American Lung Association and director of Tobacco Free Rhode Island, a statewide network of more than 55 organizations.
Date: February 12, 2015
Location: rhode island
Topics: environment;children;public health
Context: testimony before the R.I. Senate Judiciary Committee
Fact-check justification: If a 1 year old were to eat a few butts, they likely would have nicotine toxicity -- increased heart rate, irritability - and there have been some reports of seizures in the past." In sum, the scientific literature shows that it's not a rare event for doctors and poison control centers to have to deal with young children -- who tend to put just about anything in their mouths -- who have consumed cigarettes or cigarette butts. It's seldom fatal, but it can qualify as a medical emergency, and it doesn't take much to give a child symptoms of poisoning. We rate the   . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: The Brady Campaign has given me a 100 percent, not 99, 100 percent rating.
Speaker: loretta sanchez
About the speaker: Loretta Sanchez is a Democratic member of Congress who represents California's 47th district, an area that includes parts of Anaheim, Santa Ana and Garden Grove.
Date: May 11, 2016
Location: california
Topics: guns
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Sanchez said the Brady Campaign has given her a 100 percent rating. They have. But she’s cherry-picking the  that puts her in the best light. In reality, the gun-control group just recently wrote a scathing rebuke for Sanchez’s defence of her position on gun maker liability. And she hasn’t always received a 100 percent rating with the group. Sanchez’s  is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/7123d3ff-2250-4556-a4d6-590309bdfdaf
Statement: Says Democratic challenger for his N.C. House seat "raised taxes on clothing, school supplies – even baby diapers!
Speaker: chris malone
About the speaker: Chris Malone represents northeastern Wake County in the N.C. House of Representatives
Date: September 28, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: candidate biography;county budget;negative campaigning;states;taxes
Fact-check justification: Chris Malone, a Republican member of the N.C. House of Representatives, said his Democratic challenger Terence Everitt "raised taxes on clothing, school supplies – even baby diapers!" That’s not . No one has raised these taxes, including Everitt. There will be a vote on whether to raise them, but it hasn’t happened yet. This doozy of a mailer is dishonest in multiple ways. It’s too bad Malone can’t save money on a new pair of slacks during a tax-free weekend, since we rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/4ec19f47-e6bd-43ac-8f57-9805b12dee3b
Statement: Says Ivanka Trump was targeted in the Florida condominium building collapse.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 24, 2021
Location: florida
Topics: housing;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Scientists have long noted the risk of building on the shifting sands of a barrier island such as Miami Beach, especially with rising sea levels, NBC News reported . That may not be the reason for this collapse, but it remains an engineering challenge in the region, the network said. According to news reports , the Miami home of Ivanka Trump and her husband, Jared Kushner, both of whom served as White House aides under Donald Trump, is a block away from the building that collapsed. The Wall Street Journal reported in January that the couple leased a condo at a building called Arte. With the cause of the collapse undetermined, and no  that it was an intentional act aimed at the former president’s elder daughter, we rate the post .
Statement: Both Cruz and Rubio are missing the vast majority of their votes.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: January 3, 2016
Location: national
Topics: congress;voting record
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Paul said "Rubio and Cruz are missing the vast majority of their votes" in the Senate. Paul has a point that he has a better Senate voting record than Cruz and Rubio. And over the past three months, Rubio has missed a majority of his votes, skipping out on nearly 60 percent as he campaigns for president. This doesn’t hold for Rubio’s 2015 record or his Senate career. And Cruz has not missed a majority of his votes over any of those time periods. Paul’s criticism goes too far in saying both candidates are "missing the vast majority of their votes," so we rate it .
Statement: Photo of injured Ukrainian woman was from 2018 Russia gas explosion.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 27, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: A social media user claims a photo of a Ukrainian woman that went viral after her apartment building was attacked on the first day of Russia’s invasion is actually from a 2018 gas explosion in Russia. At least three photojournalists took photos of the woman on Feb. 24 and she was interviewed on camera. Multiple news reports confirmed the attack on the apartment building that day, and images show the building is not the same one damaged in the Russia gas explosion. We rate this  .
Statement: Every 28 hours" an unarmed black person is shot by a cop.
Speaker: marc lamont hill
About the speaker: Marc Lamont Hill is a CNN political contributor, journalist, author and Morehouse College professor.
Date: August 20, 2014
Topics: crime;race and ethnicity;public safety;punditfact
Context: a CNN segment
Fact-check justification: When asked how often an unarmed black is shot by a cop, Hill answered "every 28 hours." He then referenced a report issued by the Malcolm X Grassroots Movement and said "that every 28 hours an unarmed black person is killed." Either description is . The report, which is not an academic work, reaches its conclusion by including deaths that were not at the hands of police, deaths of blacks who were armed, car accidents, and deaths of blacks who were in aggressive or hostile situations. The report only classified 136 of 313 deaths as unarmed, which does not support his  that an unarmed black person is shot by police every 28 hours. We rate the  . Consider helping fund PolitiFact's Kickstarter to live fact-check the 2015 State of the Union and GOP response.
Statement: CPS students are learning and growing faster than 96 percent of students in the United States.
Speaker: chicago public schools
About the speaker: Chicago Public Schools is the third largest school district in the United States. 
Date: November 2, 2017
Location: illinois
Topics: education
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Chicago Public Schools stated that "CPS students are learning and growing faster than 96 percent of students in the United States." The  appears to accurately represent the main conclusion of the Stanford University report from which it was drawn. At the same time, the CPS press release touting the study’s findings omits mention of other information contained in the report that provides more context. Test scores among CPS’ third- through eighth-graders are indeed growing faster on average than the average growth rate in 96 percent of districts nationwide, according to the Stanford study. But the report also found that students in the district, which remains beset by large achievement gaps between students of different racial and socioeconomic groups, still generally perform between one-half and one-and-a-half grade levels below the national average. CPS’  is accurate as far as it goes, but ignores the significant gap in achievement its students still must overcome. We rate it .
Statement: I never was in favor of shutting down the government. … (I) voted to fund the government fully.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: October 20, 2013
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Rubio appears to be making the case that he would have liked to have achieved his goals without having to shut down the government, and that he would have been happy to fund the government fully if doing so was paired with provisions defunding or delaying Obamacare. He may have felt that way, but both of the specific claims he makes are problematic. His  that "I never was in favor of shutting down the government" is undercut by two separate comments in which he supported a strategy of opposing Obamacare even if that meant rejecting a bill that would have kept the government open. And on the question of whether he "voted to fund the government fully," he arguably may have done so once, but took the opposite position nine times. Given the political realities of the budget battle, Rubio's words and actions suggest he wanted Obamacare defunded more than he wanted to keep the government open. As we noted, where responsibility for the shutdown is concerned, it takes two to tango. But in this case, there’s very little to support Rubio’s twin claims. We rate his  .
Statement: Justin Amash is rated Michigan's No. 1 conservative" by National Right to Life.
Speaker: justin amash
About the speaker: Representative Justin Amash represents Michigan’s Third District. He was elected to his first term in 2010.
Date: July 1, 2014
Location: national
Topics: abortion
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Amash’s ad claimed he was "rated Michigan’s No. 1 conservative" by several groups, including National Right to Life. While he has voted with the group this Congress, they ranked his record near the bottom of the GOP caucus from 2011 to 2012. Though he explained the times when he went against the group, it ultimately did not change their rating and clearly angered the organization. Amash’s ad implies approval from a group that has criticized his voting record, and whose state affiliate is backing his opponent. We rate Amash's statement .
Statement: A proposed amendment "allows a teenager to get a recommendation for medical marijuana without the consent of a parent.
Speaker: don't let florida go to pot
About the speaker: Don't Let Florida Go To Pot is an organization opposed to Florida's Amendment 2 to legalize medical marijuana. Their website is operated by Save Our Society From Drugs and the Florida Sheriff's Association.
Date: May 20, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: health care;marijuana
Context: the group's website
Fact-check justification: Don’t Let Florida Go To Pot says "the amendment allows a teenager to get a recommendation for medical marijuana without the consent of a parent." The group didn’t offer us any specifics on what it meant. The amendment is actually silent on the issue of minors. The proposal’s framers say they specifically didn’t include minors in its language in order to let state law reign supreme. Policy experts said state regulations usually dictate parental consent is necessary, and there’s no reason to think Florida would be any different. We should note that in all probability, 18- and 19-year-olds would have access like any other adult. We rate the  .
Statement: Video suggests Dr. Anthony Fauci said vaccines don't protect against COVID-19.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: March 4, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a video on Instagram
Fact-check justification: "  This means vaccinated people might not develop the "clinically recognizable" COVID-19 disease Fauci was referring to, but they could become infected with the virus and spread it if they do not continue to wear masks and avoid crowds, for example.   Our ruling  A viral video suggests that Fauci said vaccines don't protect against COVID-19. In reality, Fauci was making a distinction between contracting the disease COVID-19 and becoming infected with the virus that causes COVID-19. While research shows that the vaccines authorized for use are effective at protecting people from COVID-19, it is still unclear whether or not the vaccines will prevent people from becoming infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Bill Gates tweeted, "I think Donald Trump will go down to history as one of the greatest presidents, just like Reagan.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 4, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: Internet posts
Fact-check justification: But that tweet? Despite what scads of disreputable websites report, it never happened. We rate this  ! Editor's note:  The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation supports PolitiFact's initiative to fact-check claims about global health and development. You can read more about that project here .
Statement: Economic Development Commission Executive Director Keith Stokes "sent me a letter and he said the taxpayers will never be on the hook for these bonds" for 38 Studios.
Speaker: charlene lima
About the speaker: Charlene M. Lima, a Democrat from Cranston, has been a State Representative since 1993. She is an educator in the Providence School Department.
Date: June 26, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: bankruptcy;corporations;debt;economy;history;jobs;state budget;taxes
Context: a speech on the floor of the Rhode Island House
Fact-check justification: A towering inferno?" We don't have varying levels of conflagration. And in this case, we're simply judging the  Lima made on the House floor. She has the  and we rate her statement  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: If you look at our tax mix, the share of corporate revenues as a percentage of our overall revenue mix has declined by about half over the last 30 years.
Speaker: mark warner
About the speaker: Mark Warner, a Democrat, has represented Virginia in the U.S. Senate since 2009. He serves on the Banking, Budget, Commerce and Intelligence committees. He is the honorary co-chairman of the Forward Together PAC.
Warner gave the keynote address at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. Warner previously served as governor of Virginia from 2002 to 2006. He also ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in 1996. Before public office, Warner was an early investor in the cell phone business, co-founded the company that became Nextel.
Warner was born in Indianapolis, Ind., and grew up in Illinois and Connecticut. Warner graduated from George Washington University, Washington, D.C. He received a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass.
Date: June 27, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: corporations;deficit;federal budget;taxes
Context: an interview with The Wall Street Journal
Fact-check justification: But for the majority of years in the last decade, Warner’s statement does not hold up. The decline over the last 30 years -- comparing averages from the 1970s to those of the last decade -- is 27.7 percent. Warner is right about the overall trend of corporate taxes providing a smaller share of government funding. But by focusing on 2009, he  the decline. We rate his statement .
Statement: There are "100,000 kids in cages" under the Getty art museum.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 18, 2022
Location: california
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "  Searching online we found no credible news reports or other sources to corroborate the  that a staggering number of children — more than double the number of students enrolled at the nearby UCLA — were being kept in underground cages beneath a public perusing artwork.   The post echoes others we’ve checked concerning underground tunnels and child sex trafficking. We’ve debunked claims that the military rescued "tortured children from the tunnel beneath Capitol Hill," that Russian President Vladimir Putin released 35,000 children from tunnels and subways in Ukraine, and that authorities seized upon the home of media mogul Oprah Winfrey — a regular target of this variety of misinformation — and "they are excavating the property and digging up the tunnels." There was no  to support those claims, and there’s none for this post either. We rate it !
Statement: Since Sept. 11, 2001, "270,000 Americans were killed by gunfire at home.
Speaker: doonesbury
About the speaker: Doonesbury is a Pulitzer Prize-winning comic strip by G.B. Trudeau.
Date: February 13, 2011
Location: national
Topics: pundits;guns
Context: a comic strip
Fact-check justification: Failure to communicate clearly, I guess. Rats." Reading through it again, we think Trudeau’s explanation sounds reasonable. But we decided to mark Trudeau down slightly because we think it’s also reasonable for people to make the same initial assumption we did, that "at home" means in or near one’s home. So we’ll rate the comment .
Statement: A photo shows Democratic lawmakers wearing clothing and masks with the Nazi swastika.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 10, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The colors on the clothing were also doctored. Squad up. pic.twitter.com/bp2KATL22R The original image was posted on Twitter by Bush on Jan. 3, the day the 117th Congress was sworn in. It shows no signs of any swastikas.