chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: U.S. Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene said, "How can the Titanic submersible run out of air if you breathe both in and out? I feel like this is more fake news BS.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 12, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: But searching Twitter for that account reveals it’s not actually from Greene’s press shop.   Its bio makes clear that it’s a parody account.   Searching for news reports or other sources corroborating that Greene actually made such a statement, we found none.   We also found no  that Greene’s authentic Twitter accounts shared posts of this nature. We rate claims that Greene made this statement about the Titan submersible !
Statement: Obamacare "prevents (Florida) from regulating insurance.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: August 6, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: health care;regulation
Context: a Facebook Q&A with Charlie Crist
Fact-check justification: The Republican Party of Florida said Obamacare "prevents (Florida) from regulating insurance." That’s not at all the case. The Affordable Care Act says if states can regulate premiums, they should. States only have to bring laws up to minimum Obamacare requirements. The federal government only intervenes in states that don’t have effective rate review programs -- something Florida can do on its own but won’t, thanks to the 2013 law passed by the Republican-led Legislature. The state GOP not only misrepresented the terms of the Affordable Care Act, but it also implied the Democratic president’s signature law was to blame for the state’s (temporary) regulatory woes. It was  Republican lawmakers who spearheaded that change to Florida law, after the state rejected a $1 million federal grant to help improve the process. Most other states regulate insurance rates without the difficulty the Republican Party of Florida claimed. We rate the statement !
Statement: U.S. Rep. Connie Mack "voted to raise his own pay several times.
Speaker: george lemieux
About the speaker: George LeMieux is a former U.S. Senator from Florida. He was appointed by Gov. Charlie Crist in 2009 to fill the unexpired term of Sen. Mel Martinez and served until January 2011.
Date: October 27, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget;income
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: LeMieux is  to say Mack voted to raise his pay, because he never did. Instead, Mack cast procedural votes that effectively allowed automatic pay raises to stand in 2005, 2006 and 2007. The practical effect of those votes meant Mack saw raises. On the flip side, LeMieux omitted that in 2009 and 2010 Mack took some votes against pay raises. To us, that's two caveats that bring our rating to .
Statement: Says "every time" the DSCC endorsed someone in North Carolina's U.S. Senate primary, "and the person they didn't support was black, the candidate they picked ended up losing.
Speaker: william barber
About the speaker: Rev. William Barber is the president of the North Carolina NAACP.
Date: February 20, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections;party support
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Barber said that "every time" the Democratic establishment overlooked a black candidate and endorsed someone else in the U.S. Senate primary, that candidate went on to lose.  Records show that there was a black candidate, Marcus Williams, in the 2008 U.S. Senate race. That year, the DSCC backed Kay Hagan in the primary and she went on to beat incumbent Republican Elizabeth Dole. Barber’s  was too sweeping. He’s right that the DSCC doesn’t have a great record in North Carolina. But he’s  to say the DSCC-backed candidate has lost "every time" it overlooked a black Democrat. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Delaware County has more waterfront property than any other county in the state of Ohio
Speaker: kris jordan
About the speaker: Kris Jordan is a Republican who represents the Ohio Senate’s 19th District, which includes Delaware and Knox counties as well as portions of Franklin County. He is serving in his first term. A lifelong resident of Delaware County he served six years as a county commissioner before being elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in 2008. He and his wife, Melissa, live in Ostrander.
Date: June 6, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: environment;water
Context: a speech on the Senate floor
Fact-check justification: Alum Creek Lake and Delaware Lake, two other man-made bodies of water, also are in Delaware County. Each is home to a state park. Jordan’s  was that Delaware County had more waterfront property than any other in the state of Ohio. ODNR’s experts, using computer data to prepare the estimates, would agree. On the -O-Meter, his  rates .
Statement: Every time we've cut taxes, revenues have gone up, the economy has grown.
Speaker: joe walsh
About the speaker: Joe Walsh is a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois.
Date: April 17, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget;this week - abc news;taxes
Context: an interview on "This Week with Christiane Amanpour"
Fact-check justification: We’re examining Walsh’s statement, "Every time we've cut taxes, revenues have gone up, the economy has grown." He said "every time," and that’s not the case. Revenues did not go up in 2001, 2002 or 2003, after tax rates were lowered. We also find it problematic to make hard claims about tax cuts growing the economy enough to increase tax revenues and helping balance the budget. Overall, we rate Walsh’s statement .
Statement: A year ago we had the lowest unemployment in history without using taxpayers money.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 24, 2021
Topics: federal budget;jobs;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said: "Why do we need a $4 trillion jobs plan, when a year ago we had the lowest unemployment in history without using taxpayers money?" Biden has proposed two spending plans totaling $4 trillion, but they go well beyond jobs. A year before the post, in April 2020, the unemployment rate was the highest on record, not the lowest. In late-March 2020, Trump signed a $2.2 trillion COVID-19 relief bill into law. We rate the post .
Statement: In the last 24 months, 10 rural Texas hospitals have been forced to shut their doors because state leaders" chose not to expand Medicaid.
Speaker: children's defense fund-texas
About the speaker: The Children's Defense Fund-Texas says on its website it's been helping achieve affordable health care for Texas children for more than 15 years, also helping the young get to college and get good jobs.
Date: April 28, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;health care;public health;state budget
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Children’s Defense Fund-Texas said: "In the last 24 months, 10 rural Texas hospitals have been forced to shut their doors because state leaders have chosen not to invest in our state’s health care systems by rejecting billions in available Medicaid funds to cover more of our state’s uninsured." Ten rural hospitals closed, we found, though different hospitals later opened on two sites. Also, as Bresette acknowledged, the non-expansion of Medicaid wasn’t the only reason for the rural closings. Our sense is they occurred due to various squeezes extending, in a few cases, to an owner’s fraudulent acts. We rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. UPDATE, 2:01 p.m., May 15, 2015 : We revised the wording of our ruling to clarify that Bresette acknowledged the non-expansion of Medicaid wasn't the only reason for the hospital closings and to make it clear we found a range of factors.
Statement: Says the United States is "the Saudi Arabia of coal.
Speaker: eric cantor
About the speaker: Eric Cantor is a former congressman who represented Virginia's 7th District from 2001 to 2014. He rose to House minority whip in 2009 and House majority leader in 2011. Cantor was upset by Dave Brat in the 2014 GOP primary for congress. He is now vice chairman and managing director of Moelis & Company, a global investment bank.
 
 
 
Date: May 20, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: energy
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: "It’s not realistic to equate the coal reserves in the United States with the oil reserves in Saudi Arabia," said McGinley, who served on a panel that investigated the coal mine explosion in West Virginia that killed 29 people in April 2010. Cantor’s argument is supported by data that show the United States currently has the world’s largest coal reserve. America has fallen far behind China in terms of coal production, and the United States is behind several other nations in exporting coal. The congressman’s statement leaves out some details concerning America’s standing in coal. Since the United States is still the Saudi Arabia of coal reserves, we rate Cantor’s  as .
Statement: Once a woman enters into the sex trade, her average life expectancy is seven years.
Speaker: rebecca quigley
About the speaker: Rebecca Quigley is a host on the public affairs program "State of the State."
Date: May 14, 2015
Location: rhode island
Topics: children;crime;public health;public safety;recreation;sexuality;women;workers
Context: a comment on a "State of the State" TV program
Fact-check justification: Rebecca Quigley said, "Once a woman enters into the sex trade, her average life expectancy is seven years." She — like many others on the Internet — are incorrectly quoting a FBI budget report that only deals with child prostitution and offers no documentation. And the FBI is now trying to set the record straight. There’s little doubt that prostitution can be one of the most dangerous endeavors undertaken by a woman. But the seven-year  is flat out .   (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: There is no precedent for what the Democrats are doing with this deception. ... We have never written a reconciliation bill to amend a law that does not exist.
Speaker: cliff stearns
About the speaker: Cliff Stearns is a Republican from Ocala serving in the U.S. House of Representatives representing Congressional District 6.
Date: March 15, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a speech on the House floor
Fact-check justification: So, that brings us back to Stearns' original . While the combination of a self-executing rule and reconciliation is a relatively novel combination of procedural tools, all the congressional experts we spoke with agreed that there are plenty of similar examples of what the Democrats are proposing to do, nor is the party flouting procedures that are already on the books. As a result, the first part of Stearns's  is somewhat . However, Stearns is correct that this is the first time Congress has ever written a reconciliation bill to amend a law that does not exist. As a result, we find Stearns'  to be .
Statement: An aide "acted on his own" and "was not representing the Thompson campaign" when he sent an email criticizing the sexual orientation of U.S. Senate candidate Tammy Baldwin.
Speaker: tommy thompson
About the speaker: Tommy Thompson, a Republican, was a 2012 candidate for the U.S. Senate from Wisconsin. He served as governor of Wisconsin from 1987 until 2001, when he left office to become President George W. Bush's secretary of health and human services. He previously spent 20 years in the Wisconsin Assembly. Thompson briefly ran for president, withdrawing in 2007.
Date: September 6, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: It was sent to conservative bloggers and others. It was clearly meant to draw attention to the video of Baldwin’s appearance at the gay pride event. The average reader of the email got the message loud and clear: Thompson’s campaign was criticizing Baldwin. Schmitz’s statement is , and it’s . We rate it .
Statement: This incident of supposed feces depicting a swastika on the wall of a bathrooms in one of the halls ... has been supported by zero fact.
Speaker: peter kinder
About the speaker: Peter Kinder, a Republican, serves as lieutenant governor of Missouri. He is running for governor in 2016.
 
Date: November 12, 2015
Location: missouri
Topics: education;crime;race and ethnicity
Context: comments on Breitbart
Fact-check justification: Kinder made his "zero fact" statement 19 days after the swastika was discovered, and 12 days after its discovery was reported by multiple news outlets, including the Missourian, The Columbia Daily Tribune, the Jefferson City News Tribune , the Associated Press and every local television station in the Columbia-Jefferson City market. These stories were based on information supplied by the MU Police Department and the MU News Bureau. On Nov. 6, then-Chancellor R. Bowen Loftin issued a letter condemning the swastika and other forms of hate speech. His response was also widely reported. The sources Kinder cites updated their articles on Nov. 12 to include the police report. Although Kinder’s spokesman said the lieutenant governor stopped saying there was no  of a swastika after those two websites updated their stories, the majority of local news sources reported its existence based statements from named MU officials. We rate Kinder’s  .
Statement: Only the fully vaccinated should fear the new 'worst ever' Covid-19 variant; data shows they already account for 4 in every 5 Covid deaths
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 3, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: An article claimed, "Only the Fully Vaccinated should fear the New ‘Worst Ever’ Covid-19 Variant; data shows they already account for 4 in every 5 Covid Deaths."  This is  and . Without controlling for outside factors, data for U.K. COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations and vaccinations appear to indicate that a higher percentage of vaccinated people have contracted COVID-19 and experienced serious health outcomes compared to unvaccinated people. But experts have repeatedly warned that interpreting the available COVID-19 data this way is . There is no  that only those who are fully vaccinated should fear the omicron variant. Studies show that the available vaccines are safe and effective at preventing severe COVID-19, hospitalization and death — at least in variants that have been researched. We rate this  .
Statement: I cut taxes 23 times when I was mayor of New York City.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: October 9, 2007
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Dearborn, Mich
Fact-check justification: The Giuliani campaign has argued that Giuliani deserves credit for any tax cuts under his watch. Giuliani made the case himself to a reporter in an exchange that was captured on video. In the video, Giuliani said he deserves credit for the tax cuts because he publicly argued for them and lobbied for them, and that he was the chief executive of the tax base that was affected. Still, we find it's a stretch for Giuliani to personally take credit for 23 when many of them were primarily pushed by others. So we find his  to be .
Statement: Says 642,000 crimes were committed against Texans by criminal immigrants in a recent seven-year period.
Speaker: sean hannity
About the speaker: Sean Hannity is a conservative political commentator and hosts a nationally syndicated radio show, as well as two television shows on the Fox News Channel. In a 2013 interview Hannity said that he is a “registered Conservative” and ”not a Republican, though people often mistake me for one.” Hannity has authored three books.
Date: March 7, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;crime
Context: his Fox News program
Fact-check justification: Hannity told Ramos that 642,000 crimes were committed against Texans by criminal immigrants in a recent seven-year period. This  misrepresents a 2014 state presentation indicating that more than 200,000 immigrants jailed in the state over a recent 69-month period had accumulated in their lifetimes 642,000 charges--not convictions. Not all the immigrants were living in the state illegally at the time of their latest arrest. We rate the  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The survival rate for COVID-19 is over 99% for most age groups.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 3, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The data it cited does not show the likelihood of surviving COVID-19. The post’s  is based on data used to model pandemic scenarios. Experts say a person cannot determine their own chances at surviving COVID-19 by looking at national statistics, because the data doesn’t take into account the person’s own risks and COVID-19 deaths are believed to be undercounted.   Survival rate data is not yet available from the CDC. We rate this  .
Statement: The gap between the very rich and everyone else in America is wider today than at any time since the 1920s.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: June 4, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;income
Context: a post on Twitter
Fact-check justification:   Sanders said, "The gap between the very rich and everyone else in America is wider today than at any time since the 1920s." One commonly used method supports that argument -- at least for one recent year, 2012. However, it’s worth noting that this method tends to widen income differences more than other approaches do. On balance, we rate Sanders’ statement .
Statement: Sanders' "Medicare for All" plan "would cost more than the entire federal budget that we spend now.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: February 7, 2020
Topics: health check
Context: comments during the New Hampshire presidential primary debate
Fact-check justification: Biden argued that Medicare for All "would cost more than the entire federal budget that we spend now." This relies on faulty math. Medicare for All would certainly represent a substantial increase to the federal budget. But it would neither match nor dwarf current federal spending overall. We rate this  .
Statement: Research from Japan shows "ivermectin is effective against omicron in Phase III trial.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: January 31, 2022
Topics: drugs;science;health check;coronavirus
Context: Twitter posts
Fact-check justification: The World Health Organization said it should only be used in clinical trials until more data is found.   The updated Reuters story points out that hydroxychloroquine, an antimalarial drug also used to treat lupus, had been touted as a potential treatment for COVID-19 by former President Donald Trump and others after promising lab results. Subsequent studies on humans did not find a benefit.   Claims that new research shows ivermectin is effective for treating COVID-19 were based on a reporting error. We rate them .
Statement: The economy is "creating jobs at the fastest pace since 1999.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 20, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: the State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: Obama said the economy is "creating jobs at the fastest pace since 1999." The current jobs recovery isn’t perfect, but Obama is correct that it’s the fastest since 1999. So we rate the  .