chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: President Joe Biden said, "The idea that we're going to send in tanks to Ukraine, that's called World War III.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: January 31, 2023
Topics: military;ukraine
Context: tweets
Fact-check justification: A meme shared in a tweet claimed that in March, Biden said, "The idea that we’re going to send in tanks to Ukraine, that’s called World War III." Biden announced the U.S. will be sending M1 Abrams tanks about 10 months later. The quote is edited to leave out the full context of Biden’s comments. He said the U.S. would not be sending offensive equipment and planes, tanks and trains with U.S. pilots and crews. We rate the  .
Statement: Even President Trump's own EPA has admitted that this rule (on air pollutants) threatens to cause serious health problems including brain damage and death and to inflict billions of dollars of economic damage on our struggling economy.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: April 16, 2020
Topics: environment;public health
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Trump did not overrule his own EPA, the agency rather did not adhere to recommendations from a science advisory board. The advisory board told the EPA it had concerns with how the agency did a risk assessment and said it should do a new one. The chair of the advisory board said that in the absence of a new assessment, it was difficult to say definitively whether the rule would have the impact Pelosi said. Other experts say that while the report did not outright say what Pelosi stated, it was accurate to infer that the rule changes could pose serious health risks for Americans. We rate Pelosi’s statement .
Statement: Chief Justice John Roberts goes after the highest court in the land, citing their 'inappropriate political influence.'
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 3, 2022
Topics: supreme court;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The judiciary’s power to manage its internal affairs insulate courts from inappropriate political influence and is crucial to preserving public trust in its work as a separate and co-equal branch of government ." (Emphasis ours.)   Nowhere in the report does Roberts criticize the Supreme Court for "inappropriate political influence." Rather, Roberts — after raising issues such as financial disclosure and recusal obligations among federal judges, workplace conduct, and patent cases — discussed the need for the federal judiciary to manage its own internal affairs.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says that Olive Garden is "funding" President Trump's 2020 re-election campaign.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 7, 2019
Topics: campaign finance;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral Facebook post claims that Olive Garden is "funding" Trump’s re-election campaign. However, campaign finance data shows that Olive Garden’s parent company, Darden Restaurants, has not donated to Trump’s re-election campaign. Corporations are prohibited from making contributions to campaigns or party committees. Meanwhile, PAC’s associated with the company, as well as individual employees and their family members, have made contributions to both Democratic and Republican candidates.  This rumor is . We rate it .
Statement: Chicago is experiencing right now the highest employment since 1950.
Speaker: rahm emanuel
About the speaker: Rahm Emanuel is the mayor of Chicago. He represented the Chicagoland area as a U.S. congressman prior to joining the White House as the first chief of staff in President Barack Obama’s administration. Emanuel also held various posts in the Clinton Administration from 1993 to 1998, and worked as an investment banker in the private sector.
Date: June 28, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: jobs
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Emanuel said the city is experiencing its "highest employment since 1950," a variation of a  he made in January about Chicago’s private-sector employment hitting the highest level in city history. But Chicago has a much smaller population these days than it did in the post-war era, so it stands to reason that jobs numbers would shrink over the decades as well. And they have. Still, the city’s employment picture these days is indisputably brighter than it was just a few years ago. Preliminary federal figures for May show city jobless numbers at 48,602, down from nearly 170,000 in 2010. And the state’s private-sector jobs report, which the mayor’s office gestured to last time around, shows improvement as well—even if it doesn’t match the mayor’s rhetoric. Yet Emanuel continues to dwell on claims of job benchmarks that don’t exist instead of the ones that do. He was  the first time we checked him and he is  again now. We rate his latest statement .
Statement: Says video shows Mike Pence quoting the Bible as justification for "Congress not to fund Katrina relief effort.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 29, 2017
Location: national
Topics: congress;federal budget;katrina;voting record
Context: Internet posts
Fact-check justification: Bloggers said a video showed Pence quoting the Bible as justification for "Congress not to fund Katrina relief effort." They cited a short 2005 floor speech in which Pence said Katrina relief should pass, but then Congress should look to cut costs elsewhere. He did not hold the aid bill hostage, even while making cost-cutting a personal priority. (The tweet we’re citing also was a bit off about which particular Bible verse he used.) Critics are misrepresenting Pence’s comments, which are plain just from watching the video. We rate the statement .
Statement: Viral immunologist says COVID-19 vaccines' "spike protein" means people are being inoculated "with a toxin.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 31, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post widely shared on social media claims a viral immunologist said COVID-19 vaccines’ spike protein means people are being inoculated "with a toxin." Experts say there is no  that the spike protein produced by the vaccines is a toxin that could cause heart problems and neurological damage. The Canadian viral immunologist who made the  has not produced  to back it up. We rate the  .
Statement: Democrats' radical green energy policies caused record gas prices.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: August 23, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment;energy;gas prices
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Johnson claimed  "Democrats’ radical green energy policies caused record gas prices."  Experts say things such as halting subsidies for oil companies, ending fossil fuel company drilling on public lands and ending the Keystone XL pipeline may have had a small impact on gasoline prices, but the coronavirus pandemic on the supply and demand for oil, and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent sanctions had a much bigger impact.  What’s more, prices are dropping. Would that mean Democrats can argue that the new policies have alone caused the decrease? That would be a stretch as well. For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is .
Statement: Every citizen is entitled to the freedom of speech, but no one should have the right to use government funds or institutions to portray acts that are morally reprehensible to the vast majority of Americans.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: March 26, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: lgbtq
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Polls indicate that a large percentage of Texans see themselves as religious. And   most frequent church-goers consider gay sex morally . Yet that's not the "vast majority of Americans," as Dewhurst put it. Americans in general are split on whether gay relations are immoral; it's unmeasured how they'd rate unspecified acts in a play. We rate Dewhurst's statement as  -- granting that this could change should Dewhurst identify the acts he considers reprehensible.
Statement: The state of Florida has seen "double-digit drops" in alcohol use among teens.
Speaker: susan pitman
About the speaker: Susan Pitman is a board member with the Florida Coalition Alliance, a collection of anti-drug agencies across northeastern Florida. She is also executive director of Drug Free Duval in Jacksonville.
Date: March 16, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: alcohol;children
Context: a state Senate committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Pitman said Florida has seen "double-digit drops" in alcohol use among teens. A survey conducted by the state does show double-digit drops for both middle- and high-schoolers over the last decade, though the decline for high schoolers in a survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found a decline of about 8 percentage points. The statement is accurate but needs additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: Says as Indiana governor, he has made "record investments in education.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: July 20, 2016
Location: national
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a speech at the Republican National Convention
Fact-check justification: Pence said that as Indiana governor, he has made "record investments in education." In raw dollars, Pence’s statement is accurate. However, when adjusted for inflation, education spending at its highest point under Pence is still lower than it was in 2010 and 2011, though only marginally so. Pence’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: Because of U.S. Senate rules, Democrats need "more than a majority ... to codify Roe vs. Wade.
Speaker: kelda helen roys
About the speaker: Kelda Helen Roys, a Madison Democrat, was elected to the Wisconsin Assembly in 2008 and served until 2012. In 2012, she lost to Mark Pocan in the race for the Democratic nomination for the U.S. House of Representatives. She is running for the Democratic nomination for governor in 2018. An attorney, Roys is the former executive director of NARAL Pro-Choice Wisconsin, which supports abortion rights.
Date: May 8, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;health care;legal issues
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: Roys said due to U.S. Senate rules, Democrats need "more than a majority ... to codify Roe vs. Wade."  Roys was referring to Senate rules which require 60 votes for ending debate prior to a vote on a bill, which means it’s possible to have a party with control — in this case the Democrats — but without the ability to move measures forward that don’t have support from the other. We rate Roys’  .
Statement: More than one-quarter of America's young adults are too fat to serve in the U.S. military
Speaker: michelle obama
About the speaker: Michelle Obama is the wife of Barack Obama and the former First Lady of the United States. She is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School and has worked for the Mayor of Chicago and the University of Chicago. Michelle and Barack Obama have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 9, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: military
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: According to the CDC figures, the mean American 18-year-old is close to being considered overweight but would still be accepted in the military in most cases. But about one in five of them is considered obese, the CDC says, and would be at least 15 to 20 pounds too heavy to fight. Based on the CDC study, we believe it’s reasonable to think that at least an additional 7 percent of America’s remaining 17- to 24-year-olds would have trouble meeting the military’s weight guidelines. The "Too Fat to Fight" study supports the theory that 27 percent of America’s youths couldn’t serve in the military. We rate the first lady’s statement as .
Statement: The primary election results show Democrats are strong in Kentucky because the Democratic candidates "both got more votes than Rand Paul did.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: May 23, 2010
Location: national
Topics: elections;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's 'This Week.'
Fact-check justification: Compare that to a two-person GOP primary, where winner Bunning got only 152,000 votes overall. Bunning, of course, went on to win in November. In trying to play up Democrats' chances in Kentucky this fall, Democratic National Committee Chairman Tim Kaine had his numbers right about the Democratic primary, but his underlying point was a stretch. Those primary vote totals really aren't an indication of strong prospects for the Democratic candidate Conway, or conversely, less support for Paul. So we find his  .
Statement: In the United States alone we lose more than 3,000 people a day to cancer.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: April 29, 2016
Location: national
Topics: health care;public health;science
Context: a speech at the Vatican
Fact-check justification: Biden said in his Vatican speech that "in the United States alone we lose more than 3,000 people a day to cancer." Actually, that’s the number of deaths for the Americas as a whole, not for just the United States. After we contacted Biden’s office, they changed the number listed in the Medium article to the correct number, "more than 1,600." While we laud speedy corrections, it is PolitiFact’s policy to rate statements on the -O-Meter in their initial version, which, in this case, could not be corrected in its original setting, a high-profile international speech. So we rate the original statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/d5a0bb04-e9b1-4dfc-98fe-c20e3a7a685e
Statement: Nearly half of (Missouri) counties have not reported positive (COVID-19) cases.
Speaker: louis riggs
About the speaker: Louis Riggs is a Republican state representative in Missouri, first elected in 2018.
Date: April 21, 2020
Location: missouri
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: the Missouri Times
Fact-check justification: Riggs said on April 21, "nearly half of our counties have not reported positive cases." Half would be a sharp rounding up from 18%.  Because Riggs’ estimate included counties that did not fall into the correct category we rate his  .
Statement: Former President Jimmy Carter said "don't ever use" mail in ballots because "they can be so easily corrupted.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 31, 2022
Location: national
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Trump said that Carter said "don’t ever use" mail-in ballots because "they can be so easily corrupted."  In 2005, Carter co-wrote a report that stated "absentee ballots remain the largest source of potential voter fraud." But the report did not call for voters to never use mail voting. It called for further research on voting by mail and noted that such voting didn’t result in problems everywhere.  Trump omitted that the report was written nearly two decades ago and that in 2020 and 2021 Carter repeatedly praised the use of voting by mail — and uses it himself. We rate this  .  RELATED : Marco Rubio said someone could blow up a ballot drop box, ignoring safe track record RELATED : Trump’s own advisers add to  that election wasn’t stolen RELATED : Biden's statement on Trump's 2020 mail voting is  RELATED : Ask PolitiFact: What steps do election officials take to prevent fraud?
Statement: In my attorney general's office, we've cut the budget 18 percent.
Speaker: bill mccollum
About the speaker: Bill McCollum is a former Florida Attorney General. He campaigned to be governor and was defeated in the Republican primary on Aug. 24, 2010. 
Date: August 5, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: state budget
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: The line leaves viewers, pretty clearly in our minds, the impression that McCollum cut the entire attorney general's budget. In fact, we know now, that he's just talking about a small portion of AG spending. We acknowledge and agree that there are lots of dollars tucked in the $186 million spending plan that McCollum cannot control, and we also note that McCollum has lowered spending in the core areas of the AG's office he oversees. But we think he missed an opportunity to be more clear with voters. We rate his statement .
Statement: Mergers and integration in agribusiness "squeeze" family farms, and "the result is that farmers are getting a record-low amount of every dollar Americans spend on food.
Speaker: elizabeth warren
About the speaker: Elizabeth Warren is a senator from Massachusetts. Warren was elected to the Senate in 2012 and was re-elected in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024. Warren received a bachelor’s degree in speech pathology and audiology from the University of Houston and a J.D. from Rutgers Law School. In 2019, she announced her race for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 5, 2020.
Date: March 27, 2019
Location: national
Topics: agriculture
Context: a policy paper posted on Medium
Fact-check justification: Warren said that mergers and integration in agribusiness "squeeze" family farms and "the result is that farmers are getting a record-low amount of every dollar Americans spend on food." Government data definitely show that farmers are getting a record-low share of the food dollar. In some cases, consolidation of agribusinesses has contributed to that, but the broader connection is unproven. The strongest driver is Americans’ increasing appetite for food at restaurants and prepared foods at grocery stores. When preparation costs more, the percentage going to farmers declines. But a declining share of the food dollar going to farms does not mean farmers are worse off. Elements of this  have a measure of , but it leaves much out. We rate this  .
Statement: Says his Texas election fraud investigations have resulted in 50 convictions.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: March 12, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: elections;legal issues;crime
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Abbott’s statement refers to 50 "convictions," which he might better have termed "satisfactory results." It looks to us like 60 percent of his cited "convictions" were not convictions. We recognize, though, that our analysis presumes that all the non-convicted defendants fulfilled or will fulfill all terms of the agreements they made to avoid going to trial. That may not be so. On balance, we rate Abbott’s  .
Statement: With three months remaining in the Fiscal Year, (the border patrol) has already encountered more illegal immigrants along the Southwest border" than in any previous fiscal year.
Speaker: glenn grothman
About the speaker: Republican Glenn Grothman, of the Town of Glenbeulah in Sheboygan County, was first elected to Congress in 2014 after serving 21 years in the Wisconsin Legislature. He represents the 6th Congressional District in east-central Wisconsin that includes all or parts of Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Fond du Lac, Dodge, Winnebago, Columbia, Green Lake, Marquette and Waushara counties.  
 
Date: July 18, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration;border security;legal issues
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Grothman claimed: "With three months remaining in the Fiscal Year, (the border patrol) has already encountered more illegal immigrants along the Southwest border" than in any previous fiscal year. The numbers show Grothman is accurate, but in making a stark point with stark numbers, he skipped past an important nuance.  The "Remain in Mexico" policy has meant more repeat efforts to cross, since under the previous policy asylum-seekers would wait for their court date in the U.S. Thus, that is a key factor in the increase, which overstates the actual number of individuals who were stopped. Our definition for  is "The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information." That fits here.