chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Milwaukee County Executive Chris Abele "eliminated" sheriff's office funding for providing security for presidential and presidential campaign visits.
Speaker: david a. clarke jr.
About the speaker: David A. Clarke Jr. served as Milwaukee County sheriff from 2002 to 2017.
Date: February 19, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: county budget;county government;elections;crime
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Moreover, Clarke’s total budget was trimmed, limiting his overall ability to provide various services. But despite the line-item cut, Clarke did provide some security services for Obama’s visit. And he has the authority, as an independently elected official, to reallocate funds allocated to him by Abele and the County Board. Clarke’s  is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: A study from the CDC and the WHO "proves face masks do not prevent the spread of a virus.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 23, 2020
Topics: fake news;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "The kicker is," he added, "just weeks later, a group with the same senior author, plus some coronavirus specialists, produced a paper demonstrating that masks are indeed highly effective in stopping infected people from releasing airborne viruses." The post claims a CDC study proved that masks do not prevent COVID-19. But it wasn’t a CDC study, and it didn’t "prove" that masks were ineffective. Scientists are still studying masks and the prevention of COVID-19. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says of the GOP health care proposal, "pre-existing conditions are in the bill.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 30, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: health care;government regulation;medicaid;medicare
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Trump said of the GOP health care amendment, "Pre-existing conditions are in the bill." The amendment says that health insurers can’t limit access to coverage for people with pre-existing conditions, but that insurers can charge people more if states agree. In some states, health insurers would be able to charge sicker people more. And experts warn that high-risk pools -- the mechanisms meant to keep premiums lower for sick people -- might not be effective. Overall, the latest proposal seems to weaken existing protections for people with pre-existing conditions, not strengthen them. We rate the statement .
Statement: The truth of the matter is that during my administration, the FBI's crime statistics show that violent crime was reduced in Massachusetts by 7 percent.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: November 25, 2007
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: The robbery rate increased from 111.5 to 125. So what made the violent crime rate go down if murders and robberies went up? The biggest category decline under Romney was aggravated assault, which declined from 22,018 to 18,800, a drop of 14.6 percent. Given these numbers, Giuliani is right when he says murders and robberies went up, but  when he says violent crime went up. Romney is correct when he says violent crime in Massachusetts declined, so we rate his  .
Statement: The cap-and-trade bill will mean "2 million jobs lost.
Speaker: energycitizens.org
About the speaker: EnergyCitizens.org is a coalition of business organizations, anti-tax groups and transportation companies that oppose a cap-and-trade plan.
Date: October 4, 2009
Location: national
Topics: environment;cap and trade;climate change;energy
Context: the Washington Post
Fact-check justification: Of all these groups, we're inclined to believe the CBO, since it is independent. But we can't rule out the possibility that there could be gains or losses on either end, as the predictions aligned with supporters and opponents suggest. So we find the ad's  to be .    Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: This 'infrastructure bill' on page 2,385 presents a federal property tax of 3 percent on all homes and land - both residential and commercial.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 3, 2021
Topics: taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: Our ruling  Facebook posts  that the "‘infrastructure bill’ on page 2385 presents a federal property tax of 3% on all homes and land - both residential and commercial." Three tax policy experts who have extensively reviewed the Biden infrastructure agenda said the  was .   Pages 2,385 in both the Build Back Better Act and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act don’t mention a federal property tax.   A direct federal property tax as described in the post would be very difficult to make constitutional.   We rate this  !
Statement: When we passed (the stand your ground law), we said it portends horrific events when people's lives were put into these situations.
Speaker: arthenia joyner
About the speaker: Arthenia Joyner is a Democratic state senator from Tampa. Previously she was a member of the Florida House of Representatives.
Date: March 21, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: The vote to pass the bill was then unanimous, with Democrats, including Sen. Rod Smith, currently chair of the Florida Democratic Party, voting yes. "We’d be seen as Democrats soft on crime," Geller explained, according to an account from the Associated Press. Overall, the warnings comprised a slim opposition to a very popular law. But they were there. We rate Joyner’s  .
Statement: Photo shows former first lady Michelle Obama as a man.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 6, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: A May 6 Instagram post sharing the image was flagged as part of Meta’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) Michelle Obama tweeted the original, unedited and undated image Dec. 25, 2014. The young couple were standing in front of a Christmas tree. We rate claims that the edited version is authentic !
Statement: In 1992, the Democratic Party had in their platform provisions that said that illegal aliens were coming in this country, committing felonies, sent back and then they were right back across the border to do the same thing.
Speaker: matt gaetz
About the speaker: Matt Gaetz was elected to Congress in 2016 representing Florida's 1st District. He was elected to the Florida House of Representatives serving District 4 in 2010. His father is former Sen. Don Gaetz.
Date: February 7, 2019
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;crime;guns
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Gaetz said, "In 1992 the Democratic Party had in their platform provisions that said that illegal aliens were coming in this country, committing felonies, sent back and then they were right back across the border to do the same thing." He got the year ; he was was actually referring to the 1996 platform. That document touted Clinton’s efforts on stopping illegal immigration. Using similar words as what Gaetz described, it said that in 1992, "Drugs flowed freely. Illegal immigration was rampant. Criminal immigrants, deported after committing crimes in America, returned the very next day to commit crimes again." Gaetz accurately captured the party’s sentiment in the mid 1990s. More recent platforms have favored a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants. We rate this statement .
Statement: On spending growth under Gov. Andrew Cuomo: "Despite the fact that you continue to suggest that you've been able to hold the two percent, you haven't.
Speaker: marc molinaro
About the speaker: Marcus Molinaro is a Republican candidate for New York governor in 2018. He currently serves as the county executive in Dutchess County.
Date: October 23, 2018
Location: new york
Context: New York City
Fact-check justification: Molinaro said that state spending under Cuomo has increased beyond the 2 percent cap, despite Cuomo’s claims. Cuomo has been in office since 2011. In the first six years, as PolitiFact New York and others have pointed out, Cuomo kept the growth in state spending to 2 percent.    But in the last two years, state spending has increased beyond 2 percent, though the Cuomo administration has shifted spending in the budget to make it appear as if the 2 percent cap has been honored, according to experts. We rate Molinaro’s  .
Statement: The average bonus [on Wall Street] is about $100,000...The bonuses on Wall Street are down 44 percent.
Speaker: fred smith
About the speaker: Chair and Chief Executive Officer of FedEx
Date: February 5, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: appearance on ABC's This Week
Fact-check justification: And the total haul of $18.4 billion was the sixth highest on record. Both were around the same as 2004, a vastly better year for the securities industry and its investors. And although it's  that bonuses generally make up a substantial portion of the compensation on Wall Street, $112,000 is still more than twice the average salary in the United States. But Smith is free to use statistics selectively — and the statistics he chose were off by just $12,000 and a few percentage points. We find his statement .
Statement: Says border patrol agent recently killed in ambush.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 2, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Fact-check justification: The second Border Patrol Agent also made a statement to the effect of, 'We ran into a culvert,' 'I ran into a culvert,' or 'I think I ran into a culvert.' The dispatcher also wrote into a Border Patrol log, '[He] thinks they (both agents) ran into a culvert.'" The results of the FBI investigation were widely publicized. Nonetheless, Martinez and his picture are still being used as  of the murderous intent of people who cross the border. We rate the  .
Statement: The military arrested "bedridden Gavin Newsom.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 7, 2021
Location: california
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: "Last week, Governor Newsom worked in the Capitol with staff on urgent issues including COVID-19 vaccines for kids, boosters, ports, the forthcoming state budget and California’s continued economic recovery," he said. Lead Stories reported that Newsom also attended the wedding of oil heiress Ivy Love Getty on Nov. 6, where he was photographed.   PolitiFact has debunked more than a dozen claims that originated on Real Raw News. In response to inquiries from PolitiFact in September, Facebook said it had removed Real Raw News’ page from its platform for violating the company’s COVID-19 policies.   We rate this  about Newsom !
Statement: Powerful Houston Democrats Sylvia Garcia (Democrat county commissioner in Harris County) and Elyse Lanie(r) (wife of the former liberal Democrat mayor Bob Lanier) sponsored a Democrat fundraiser for Speaker (Joe) Straus with numerous Democrat officials and high-ranking union officials.
Speaker: david barton
About the speaker: David Barton of Aledo, vice chairman of the Republican Party of Texas from 1997 into 2006, is the founder and president of WallBuilders, which describes itself as a national pro-family organization that presents America's forgotten history and heroes, with an emphasis on our moral, religious and constitutional heritage.
Date: June 12, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: bipartisanship
Context: an open letter
Fact-check justification: It’s also the biggest single corporate donor to Rep. Joe Barton, R-Texas, according to the Center for Responsive Politics. We weren’t given a list of guests so we could not assess their partisan affiliations. At the least, the Straus event does not appear to have been planned as the Democratic fundraiser Barton portrays. To the contrary, it may have underscored a reality of Texas politics: It behooves players of all stripes to make merry with the speaker. We rate Barton’s sally .
Statement: President Obama . . . wants to mandate circumcision.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: August 25, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care;pundits
Context: a radio broadcast
Fact-check justification: He says Obama "wants to mandate circumcision." But the CDC's eventual recommendations — if they even include circumcision — will be voluntary, not mandatory. In addition, we could we find no connection between Obama and the new guidance, and no  that Obama had even used the word in a public forum. In fact, the recommendations were under discussion long before Obama took office. This one is  enough to set the meter ablaze — !
Statement: Sherrod Brown "gave huge bonuses to executives.
Speaker: josh mandel
About the speaker: Josh Mandel, a Republican from Lyndhurst, is a Marine veteran who served two tours in Iraq. He served as Ohio treasurer from 2011 to 2019.  Before that, he was a state representative from the 17th Ohio House District. He unsuccessfully challenged Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 US Senate race. Mandel is running for the GOP nomination for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat in 2022.
Date: May 23, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;message machine 2012;stimulus;voting record
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: The legislation prohibited use of federal money for future bonuses. But the bill did not enable bonus-paying that would not have existed otherwise. More importantly, while the bill did not prevent the AIG bonuses, it is not accurate to say that the bill -- or Brown -- "gave" anything. AIG gave the bonuses to its executives before the stimulus legislation was approved. On the -O-Meter, the  that Brown "huge bonuses to executives" rates .
Statement: Virginia's "education standards for math and reading are now the lowest in the nation.
Speaker: glenn youngkin
About the speaker: Republican Glenn Youngkin was elected Virginia's governor in November 2021. He defeated Democrat Terry McAuliffe, who was governor from 2014 to 2018.
Youngkin was reared in Richmond and Virginia Beach and won a basketball scholarship at Rice University, where he earned an engineering degree. He earned a MBA from Harvard University. Youngkin worked 25 years at the Carlyle Group, a global private equity firm based in Washington with $230 billion in assets. He retired in 2020 as CEO after taking the company public. His net worth is estimated at $254 million, according to The Washington Post.
Youngkin's 2021 campaign for governor is his first bid for public office.
Date: January 17, 2022
Location: virginia
Topics: education
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: The NCES stresses that its equivalency ratings on standardized tests in states do not reflect how well students are learning in each state. Youngkin omits that Virginia students score near the top on standardized national tests for fourth grade math and reading and eight grade math. Eighth grade leading levels are at the national average. Youngkin’s , without elaboration, wrongly suggests that Virginia students are being taught less than their colleagues across the county. So we rate his statement .
Statement: The GOP lawyer who helped Kanye West get on the ballot in Wisconsin is actively working for Donald Trump's campaign.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 5, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;states
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Citing a tweet from a Vice reporter, an Instagram post said the GOP lawyer who helped Kanye West get on the ballot in Wisconsin is actively working for Donald Trump's campaign. West lined up help from several Republicans in Wisconsin in his effort to appear on Wisconsin’s presidential ballot, including a GOP lawyer who’s representing the Trump campaign in a federal lawsuit. We rate this  .
Statement: The national economy was strong in its largest expansion of private sector jobs before President Trump came into office.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: July 21, 2018
Location: virginia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Kaine said, "The national economy was strong in its largest expansion of private sector jobs before President Trump came into office." Data shows he’s right. We rate his statement .
Statement: The Milwaukee Police Department has seized nearly as many firearms this year as the much larger New York City Police Department.
Speaker: edward flynn
About the speaker: Edward Flynn was the police chief in Milwaukee, Wis., from January 2008 to February 2018. He was police commissioner in Springfield, Mass., from 2006 to 2008. He served as secretary of public safety under then-Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney from January 2003 until taking the Springfield job.
Date: July 24, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: guns
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Our rating Flynn said his department’s gun seizures, through a mid-year point, were about to those of  much-larger New York City. New York’s numbers may be down a bit this year, so other factors may be at work. But Flynn’s  didn’t get into the reasons why. It was a straightforward numerical . We rate it .
Statement: John McCain's health care plan "leaves you on your own to pay McCain's health insurance tax.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 3, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: An independent analysis from the nonpartisan Urban Institute confirms that: "In general, lower-income people with health insurance would receive benefits from the credit that would be well in excess of the value that they receive from today’s tax exemption. The gains are much smaller for higher-income people." So the Obama ad gets its particulars correct, but ends with an unfair assertion. McCain's health plan does not leave you "on your own to pay McCain’s health insurance tax." We rate Obama's statement .
Statement: Obamacare is a "massive, massive income redistribution" with "$250 billion a year in Medicaid expansion (and) in the subsidy structure that's basically being paid for by people on Medicare, through Medicare cuts, and a lot of tax increases.
Speaker: james capretta
About the speaker: James Capretta focuses on health-care and entitlement reform, U.S. fiscal policy, and global population aging.
He served in senior positions in the executive and legislative branches of the federal government for sixteen years.  From 2001 to 2004 during the George W. Bush administration, he was an Associate Director at the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB), where he had responsibility for health-care, Social Security, education, and welfare programs.
Date: December 1, 2013
Topics: health care;taxes;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Capretta said Obamacare represents a massive redistribution of income, with the expansion of Medicaid and premium subsidies paid for by people on Medicare and through a host of other taxes. He is correct that money is being redistributed to fund the expansion of public and private health insurance. It it also  that higher income earners will pay an estimated $46 billion more in taxes. But that amount represents only about 15 percent of the total dollars generated by the Affordable Care Act. The rest of the burden will skew toward the upper half of the income ladder but those making less will also shoulder some of the burden. Massive is a subjective term but in this case, particularly relative to the total economy, the case is weak. Regarding the reduced payments to Medicare providers, there is a range of possible outcomes. Providers could get by with lower compensation, they could become more efficient, they could reduce access to services or they could reduce the quality of service. It is not a foregone conclusion that Medicare patients will suffer. The likely exception is for people who currently pay for Medicare Advantage, a program that loses its present subsidies. Capretta oversimplified a complex situation. We rate his  .