chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The best evidence is that you lose -- if you use marijuana as a teenager regularly -- eight IQ points.
Speaker: ruth marcus
About the speaker: Ruth Marcus is a columnist for the Washington Post.
Date: July 27, 2014
Topics: punditfact;marijuana
Context: comments on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Marcus said the best  shows that teenagers who start smoking marijuana will lose eight IQ points. This overstates the actual underlying report. It would be more accurate to say the study showed a higher risk of losing that many points on an IQ test, not that a person necessarily would. More fundamentally, an equally reputable analysis found that IQ loss could be tied to household incomes as much as marijuana use. Clearly, a scientific consensus has yet to emerge, and Marcus ignored the ongoing debate. We rate the  .
Statement: Mask mandates on children lead to learning loss that harms early childhood development.
Speaker: scott fitzgerald
About the speaker: Scott Fitzgerald is a U.S. Representative, R-Wisconsin, for the state's 5th Congressional District. He took office in 2021. He previously served as the state's Senate Majority Leader. He was first elected as state senator in 1994.
Date: December 21, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;public health;coronavirus
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Fitzgerald claimed that "mask mandates on children lead to learning loss that harms early childhood development."  But the article he and his colleagues cited is an opinion piece, not based on a study. In addition, it came out before other formal studies were completed that showed a different view.  The CDC says limited available data indicates "no clear  that masking impairs emotional or language development in children." For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is .
Statement: Says the Texas General Land Office led by George P. Bush has repaired just two homes since Hurricane Harvey.
Speaker: jerry patterson
About the speaker: Jerry Patterson, who won election to three terms as state land commissioner starting in 2002, filed to seek the post afresh in the 2018 elections. The former state senator from Pasadena unsuccessfully sought the 2014 Republican nomination for lieutenant governor.
Date: December 8, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: housing;natural disasters 
Context: an interview with Austin American-Statesman commentator Ken Herman
Fact-check justification: Patterson said that since Hurricane Harvey, the agency helmed by Bush has done just two home repairs. Patterson’s figure, confirmed by GLO, was accurate. However, this  leaves out ample significant information such as FEMA’s overriding control of the complicated DALHR program, which isn't open to every homeowner and only funds partial repairs. Notably too, additional  homes were poised to qualify for or get repairs through DALHR at the time that Patterson spoke. We rate this statement .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: This is Tara Reade" in a photo with Joe Biden.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 1, 2020
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The AP photo caption says: "Attorney General-designate Zoe Baird meets with Sen. Joseph Biden (D-Del.), chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Biden will chair the committee during Baird’s confirmation hearings." Baird ultimately withdrew her nomination after losing support because she hired two undocumented immigrants to help take care of her child.   Politico reported that Biden told the White House Baird was "dead-on-arrival after failing to pay Social Security taxes on her nanny." We rate these tweets about the photo .
Statement: Chinese tire imports threatened 1,000 American jobs, so President Obama "stood up to China and protected American workers. Mitt Romney attacked Obama's decision.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 17, 2012
Location: national
Topics: china;message machine 2012;trade
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Obama’s ad is accurate in stating that the president imposed trade sanctions against China in an effort to protect American workers and "Mitt Romney attacked Obama's decision." But did the tariffs work? That’s less clear. Romney said the result was "bad for our workers," and there are studies that back him up. Even with tire-making jobs that were saved, one analysis found that the higher price of tires depressed spending on other retail, and ultimately led to a loss in retail jobs. The statement in the ad is accurate, but it needs additional information about the tire tariff’s effect. We rate it .
Statement: A European study has found COVID vaccines could be causing 'long-term brain damage.'
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: May 14, 2023
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The study found that the presence in the brain of the virus’ spike protein suggests that it "may contribute to long-term neurological symptoms." One of the study’s co-authors, Dr. Ali Ertürk, told The Associated Press: "We have done zero experiments using vaccine, and we have shown and  zero side effects of the vaccine." We rate the  that "a European study has found COVID vaccines could be causing ‘long-term brain damage’" .  RELATED: No, brain aneurysms are not a ‘common’ side effect of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines RELATED: There’s no  linking COVID-19 vaccine to these athletes’ strokes, blood clots RELATED: No  Justin Bieber’s facial paralysis caused by COVID-19 vaccine
Statement: Says his sons were "targeted" on Facebook "by out-of-state protesters.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: March 31, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;families;privacy issues
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: State court records list Kristan with Wisconsin addresses dating back to 2003 and as recently as February 2012 . They also show he was convicted of misdemeanor disorderly conduct after pouring a beer on state Rep. Robin Vos , R-Rochester, in a Madison bar in September 2011. Our rating Walker said his sons were "targeted" on Facebook "by out-of-state protesters." A protester posted two critical messages on Facebook, one directed at Matt Walker and one at Alex Walker, but the protester is from Wisconsin. We rate Walker's statement .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "has the gall to say that prisoners of war like John McCain aren't heroes.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 2, 2016
Location: national
Topics: military;veterans
Context: California
Fact-check justification: Clinton accused Trump in a speech Thursday of having "the gall to say that prisoners of war like John McCain aren’t heroes." In one sense, she has a point. Trump did in fact say that John McCain is not a hero despite his POW record, although Trump has since taken those comments back and called McCain a hero. However, Clinton’s speech was intended to more broadly attack Trump’s national security credentials, yet Trump has never made the general statement that POWs are not heroes, even if his McCain-specific comments did insinuate it. In fact, he has insisted to the contrary on multiple occasions. We rate this statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/ab56e161-1120-4a75-b37a-cb955b2cc526
Statement: Indiana has purged no less than 20,000 voters in violation of a federal court order.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 9, 2018
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: blog post
Fact-check justification: Palast said, "Indiana has purged no less than 20,000 voters in violation of a federal court order." Using data from the Indiana Office of Secretary of State, Palast found that roughly 20,000 Indiana voters were removed from the voting rolls in 2017 after their names matched an entry in the Crosscheck database. However, there is no  those removals violated a federal court order. The court order blocked a law from going into effect that would have used only the database to kick voters off the rolls. The voters Palast identified were first sent mailers and were given two federal election cycles to respond. That process has not yet been found illegal by any court. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton will receive her "congressional salary until she dies" and the Secret Service pays her mortgage.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: April 6, 2015
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a chain email
Fact-check justification: A chain email said Hillary Clinton will receive her "congressional salary until she dies" and that the Secret Service pays her mortgage. Actually, a pension for a member of Congress cannot exceed 80 percent of the member’s last salary, according to law. Using federal employee retirement system formulas, Clinton’s retirement pension would likely work out to be about 25 percent of her congressional salary, about $41,000 a year. And while the Clintons are eligible to receive rent payments from the Secret Service -- who need space to operate at the Clintons’ house -- the rent amount would not have covered their mortgage payments. In any case, the Clintons do not accept these rent payments. We rate these claims .
Statement: Switzerland (where the government) issues every household a gun . . . has the lowest gun related crime rate of any civilized country in the world!!!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 16, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: crime;government regulation;military;regulation;guns
Context: a Facebook posting
Fact-check justification: A Facebook posting, which has been shared more than 187,000 times, said, "Switzerland has the lowest gun related crime rate of any civilized country in the world." But Killias, a Swiss researcher, told us, "The way Switzerland is being depicted in some [accounts] is ." To say that the country has the lowest gun related crime rate is not  for homicide, according to the few studies of crime in various countries that includes data on gun use. It's also not  that Switzerland has the lowest crime rate, whether or not guns are involved. And survey data show that when a crime such as robbery or assault is committed, the likelihood of a gun being involved is lower in several countries than it is in Switzerland. In short, this  appears to be completely fabricated. We rate it  ! (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Virginia now has the most liberal abortion laws in the world.
Speaker: dave larock
About the speaker: Del. Dave LaRock, R-Loudoun County, was first elected to Virginia's House of Delegates in 2013. He has attracted attention for his anti-abortion, anti-gender identity stands. He was born in Oswego, N.Y. and attended the State University of New York at Canton. LaRock works as a general contractor.
Date: July 9, 2022
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: LaRock’s has a point, however. Virginia’s abortion laws are among the most lenient in the world. We couldn’t find another nation that allows abortions on demand beyond Virginia’s two-trimester limit.   LaRock acknowledges his error. We rate his statement .
Statement: 82% of Americans...would experience a tax increase if Biden were elected.
Speaker: bob good
About the speaker: Bob Good is the 2020 Republican nominee for Virginia's 5th Congressional District seat. A self-described biblical conservative, Good is a former associate athletic director at Liberty University, and served a term on the Campbell County's Board of Supervisors.
Good defeated incumbent Rep. Denver Riggleman at a convention in June 2020 to win the 5th District's GOP nominaion. He is opposed in the general election by Democrat Cameron Webb, a Charlottesville physician.
Webb graduated from Liberty in 1988 with a degree in finance.
Date: September 9, 2020
Location: virginia
Topics: economy;taxes
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Good said "82% of Americans...would experience a tax increase if Biden were elected."  Good inaccurately described an analysis from the Penn Wharton Budget Model. The 82% is a calculation made using the model’s estimates that represents the percentage of people whose after-tax incomes would change under Biden’s plan. But there’s a difference between a tax increase and the share of corporate tax increases borne by individual taxpayers in the form or lower investment returns or incomes. Biden has pledged not to directly raise taxes on people earning less than $400,000 per year.  Some Biden tax credits not included in Penn Wharton analysis could potentially offset some of the indirect hits posed to lower earners as a result of Biden’s proposed corporate tax hike. We rate Good’s statement .
Statement: Numerous studies have shown that these so-called right-to-work laws do not generate jobs and economic growth.
Speaker: sheila oliver
About the speaker: Sheila Oliver is the speaker of the New Jersey Assembly. A Democrat, Oliver represents parts of Essex and Passaic counties.
Date: July 8, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs;unions
Context: a press release from Assembly Speaker Sheila Oliver (D-Essex)
Fact-check justification: According to different studies and economic experts, the  is mixed that right-to-work laws spur job growth. Right-to-work states have seen greater job increases, but one economist pointed out that such a dynamic doesn’t prove right-to-work laws were the cause. Another professor who believes job growth results from right-to-work laws acknowledged that many other factors also could be responsible. We rate Oliver’s statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Illegal crossings at our southern border have been cut by over 40 percent.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: April 25, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration;criminal justice;legal issues
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: And from March to April, there was an increase of about 2.3 percent. Our rating Pence said "Illegal crossings at our southern border have been cut by over 40 percent." The most recent official fiscal year numbers show a much smaller drop of about 26 percent. And the latest month-to-month numbers show an increase, not a decrease in apprehensions. We rate Pence’s  .
Statement: President Joe Biden said, "To the Ukrainian people, I say to them all, you might you might they they might be able to make right and they're not able to.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 22, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In one such case , he stumbled over the words "I’m eager" and some social media users accused him of saying a racial slur.   The edited video in this Instagram post gives an incomplete and  version of Biden’s speech.     We rate it .    RELATED: ‘Cheap fakes’: Viral videos keep clipping Biden’s words out of context
Statement: There were two shooters in the 2017 Las Vegas mass shooting.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 17, 2022
Location: nevada
Topics: facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "The light and the gunshot sounds do not match" in that video and another that circulated at the time," the Times said. "And further, footage taken before and after the shooting shows that the light consistently flashed through the night. "    The light’s visible in this video posted on Instagram that was taken during a performance by country music duo Big and Rich, two hours before the shooting started.   We rate claims that there was a second gunman in the Las Vegas mass shooting .
Statement: We spend more money on health care per capita in the United States than any other country in the world. Of the 30 developed countries in the world, we spend 2 1/2 times more than the average. Of the country that spends the second most per capita, Switzerland, we spend 175 percent more.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: August 25, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: health care
Context: an editorial board meeting with the Austin American-Statesman
Fact-check justification: PolitiFact.com in Washington covered similar ground in March when it rated  former Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney's statement that "the lifespan of the average American is less than that of people in nations that spend far less" on health care. "To put it bluntly, we spend more and die sooner," Romney said. Recap: As far as we can tell — and keeping in mind that Dewhurst didn't respond to our queries for backup — he was spot-on in saying the United States spends more money on health care per capita than the rest of the world, and he's right that we spend two-and-a-half times more than the average cost of all the OECD countries. He erred in his Switzerland comparison. We rate his statement as .
Statement: Says James Madison "signed the Declaration of Independence.
Speaker: madison cawthorn
About the speaker: Madison Cawthorn is a Republican candidate for Congress in North Carolina's 11th District, located in the western part of the state. His opponent is Democrat Moe Davis. Cawthorn spoke at the Republican National Convention in Charlotte on Aug. 26, 2020.
Date: August 26, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: history
Context: a speech at the RNC
Fact-check justification: He was 23 when he first ran for office in 1832, according to the Library of Congress . He finished eighth in a field of 13 candidates seeking a seat in the Illinois General Assembly, the NPS says. He was elected two years later. In a speech urging viewers to know American history, Cawthorn’s   about Madison stands out. We rate Cawthorn’s  .
Statement: Hollywood is #1 in Broward homicides in 2013. Thanks Chief Fernandez!
Speaker: broward county police benevolent association
About the speaker: The Broward County Police Benevolent Association is the union that represents police officers and deputies including the Hollywood police and the Broward Sheriff's Office.
Date: April 15, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: city government;crime
Context: a billboard
Fact-check justification: The police union’s billboard states, "Hollywood is #1 in Broward homicides in 2013. Thanks Chief Fernandez!" Hollywood had 16 homicides in 2013, and we could not find any city that had any more homicides than Hollywood. While the number is correct, the union cherry-picked crime statistics to find one that puts the city in the worst light. At this point, we have no idea if the number is part of a trend or an aberration. We also know that overall, crime decreased. The billboard places the blame on Chief Fernandez, but criminologists say the chief can’t be blamed for the number of murders, especially when it is such a small number. We rate this  .
Statement: You have literally 140 people dying every day of opioid-related overdoses.
Speaker: eric schmitt
About the speaker: Eric Schmitt was sworn in as the 43rd Attorney General for the State of Missouri on Jan. 3, 2019.  He previously served as a state senator and as the state treasurer of Missouri.
Date: November 25, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: drugs;public health
Context: a roundtable
Fact-check justification: "You have literally 140 people dying every day of opioid-related overdoses," Attorney General Eric Schmitt said at a public discussion about the opioid epidemic. The most recent data available from 2017 indicates that it’s actually about 130 people who die every day from overdoses involving opioids. Schmitt was off by only about 10 deaths. For this reason, we rate this  .