chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In 1916, the U.S. government predicted that by the 1940s all paper would come from hemp and that no more trees would need to be cut down.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 16, 2014
Location: national
Topics: drugs;marijuana
Context: a graphic on the Internet
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post said that "in 1916, the U.S. government predicted that by the 1940s all paper would come from hemp and that no more trees would need to be cut down." The most plausible source for this -- Bulletin 404 -- is silent on this , and neither our own research nor any of the dozen experts we asked was able to come up with a definitive source. As with all claims of this type, it’s impossible to prove a negative, so we are willing to re-rate this  if credible  emerges. However, our best efforts have turned up nothing more than a puff of smoke. Since the  is unsupported, we rate it .
Statement: 92 million Americans aren't working.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: February 8, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an interview on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that "92 million Americans aren't working." Once you strip out senior citizens and school-age Americans, the number is less than half that. The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it . UPDATED, Feb. 11, 2015 : After this fact-check was published, Cruz’s office got back to PolitiFact with sourcing for the statistic. The statistic, they said, came from the Bureau of Labor Statistics -- Table A-1 , for the total civilian, non-institutionalized population not in labor force, seasonally adjusted, for January 2015. The total for that month was 92.5 million. Spokeswoman Catherine Frazier said that Cruz was "relying on objective federal labor statistics" in making his statement. However, our fact-check didn’t question the veracity of the BLS statistics – only their relevance to Cruz’s point. We continue to believe the statistic includes Americans too young and too old to be expected to work, and we stand by our rating of .
Statement: Val Demings "voted to allow transgender youth sports and teaching radical gender identity without parental consent.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: September 14, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: children;education;sports;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Rubio said Demings "voted to allow transgender youth sports and teaching radical gender identity without parental consent." Demings supported the Equality Act, which would have allowed students nationwide to compete on sports teams based on their gender identity rather than their sex asssigned at birth. The majority of states allow transgender athletes to play college and high school sports.  The Equality Act did not address school curriculum. We rate Rubio’s statement . RELATED: Fact-checking ads in the 2022 election campaigns RELATED: Marco Rubio’s PolitiFact file RELATED: Val Demings’ PolitiFact file
Statement: Obama has been sending taxpayer dollars, at least $350,000 to fund anti-Likud, anti-Netanyahu groups in Israel for (the) election.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 16, 2015
Topics: israel;foreign policy;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: A conservative blog claimed, "Obama has been sending taxpayer dollars, at least $350,000 to fund anti-Likud, anti Netanyahu groups in Israel for tomorrow’s election." First, there is the matter of the dollar amount. If any U.S. money was used to mobilize anti-Likud voters, it would have been in Israel. A more accurate figure would be $233,500. Next, there is a matter of the blog’s tense. "Has been sending" says the action is continuing. In this case, the money stopped flowing in 2014, before elections were called in Israel. Finally, the allegation that the money was spent to fund anti-Likud, anti-Netanyahu groups in Israel for the election is based on speculation. Yes, Obama sent money to OneVoice, a group that promoted a two-state solution. And yes that group partnered with a different group V15 that wanted Netanyahu defeated. But there is no paper trail that the money given to OneVoice was spent on an electoral ground game. It would be naive to ignore that OneVoice’s policy positions mesh well with V15’s voter mobilization, but that’s different from saying that American taxpayer dollars were spent by V15. That may change as more  comes to light. PunditFact’s rulings are based on when a statement was made and on the information available at that time. This  rates .
Statement: The Second Amendment, from the day it was passed, limited the type of people who could own a gun and what type of weapon you could own.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: June 23, 2021
Location: national
Topics: history;guns
Context: a White House announcement
Fact-check justification: Biden said that from the start, the Second Amendment "limited the type of people who could own a gun and what type of weapon you could own." The Second Amendment limited government power, not the rights of individuals. Laws at the time that limited firearm ownership were primarily racist, aimed at controlling Black people and Native Americans.  Broadly, gun regulation came decades after passage of the Second Amendment when gun technology changed. The first national gun regulation law did not rely on the Second Amendment. We rate Biden’s  .
Statement: Says a video shows the helicopter crash that killed Kobe Bryant.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 26, 2020
Topics: transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: and it was real low. I saw it falling and spluttering. But it was hard to make out, as it was so foggy," he said. According to the Times, the helicopter vanished into a cloud of fog and there was a boom.   We rate this video .
Statement: Says Texas economy is about 30 percent larger than Australia's.
Speaker: larry kilgore
About the speaker: Since 2004, Larry Kilgore of Arlington has run as a pro-secession candidate for Texas offices including governor and U.S. senator.
Date: November 23, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: economy;states
Context: a New York Times news story
Fact-check justification: Kilgore said Texas’ economy is 30 percent larger than Australia’s, but that was based on mismatched, outdated figures. We rate his statement as .
Statement: There are only 18 minutes of total action in an average baseball game.
Speaker: snapple
About the speaker: Snapple is a national company that sells iced-tea-based beverages.
Date: April 5, 2018
Topics: baseball;punditfact
Context: a bottle cap
Fact-check justification: The Snapple cap said, "There are only 18 minutes of total action in an average baseball game." One credible study found just shy of 18 minutes of action, while another study was close, finding 14 minutes. That said, the number of stopwatched games is low due to the difficulty of the task -- only a half-dozen or so that we could find -- meaning that it’s hard to rule out a skewed statistical sample. So we’ll be cautious and rate the statement .
Statement: 10 cents on the dollar from the Clinton Foundation goes to charitable causes.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: October 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: the vice presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Pence said 10 cents on every dollar from the Clinton Foundation goes to charitable causes. While it’s  that the foundation gives away in grants a small fraction of its resources, about 87 percent of its expenses go toward services it provides directly. A leading expert in the finances of philanthropies, Mittendorf, says that while the Clinton Foundation calls itself a foundation, it operates like a public charity. Mittendorf cautioned that while the dollar amounts are clear and verified, that is no guarantee that the programs are effective and efficient. However, that is not the criticism Pence raised. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/bf107795-1430-4e2d-be85-14f85d34477a
Statement: (Romney's) record was that he raised taxes by $730-million.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: January 30, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Simi Valley, Calif
Fact-check justification: That puts the total at $637-million. Other estimates on the fees — $500-million, according to the Cato Institute — would put the total well above $730-million. The elimination of corporate tax "loopholes" clearly resulted in some businesses paying more taxes and to those businesses, fair or not, it sure must have felt like a tax increase. As for fees, it's nearly impossible to measure with precision how much of the increases were appropriate or simply a revenue-generating measure. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Don Lemon's show has been canceled and he is leaving CNN.
Speaker: youtube videos
About the speaker: Videos uploaded to YouTube.
Date: May 16, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: Social media posts  that Don Lemon’s CNN show was canceled and that he is leaving CNN. After a seven-year run, Lemon’s show, "CNN Tonight with Don Lemon," was renamed, not canceled, and Lemon confirmed that he isn’t leaving the network. He was broadcasting again the following week. We rate this .
Statement: Georgia has recovered more than $60 million that was lost to Medicaid fraud
Speaker: edward lindsey
About the speaker: Ed Lindsey, a Republican, was a candidate for the U.S. House 11th District seat in Georgia.
Date: March 20, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: medicaid
Context: press release
Fact-check justification: What’s generally considered the most credible look at the issue came from the respected Institute of Medicine in 2012. The institute’s analysis of 2009 data found that the nation spends $2.6 trillion each year on health care -- including Medicaid and Medicare -- and likely loses $75 billion a year to fraud. Our conclusion: Georgia has submitted documentation to the feds that it has recovered $159.4 million lost to Medicaid fraud in three years in both federal and state money. Lindsey was very conservative in saying the amount recouped was "more than $60 million." We rate Lindsey’s statement .
Statement: Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania actually in the latest jobs data have lost jobs, not gained them.
Speaker: julián castro
About the speaker: Julián Castro is a former U.S. secretary of Housing & Urban Development. He was the youngest member of Barack Obama’s cabinet, serving from 2014 to 2017. Just before he became secretary of HUD, he was the mayor of San Antonio, elected in 2009. Castro received a bachelor’s degree in political science and communications from Stanford University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on Jan. 2, 2020.
Date: October 15, 2019
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;pennsylvania
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Castro said, "Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania actually in the latest jobs data have lost jobs." Official government figures show that each state gained jobs between July 2019 and August 2019, the latest month-over-month period available. To arrive at his job-loss figure, Castro cherry-picked a time period that he didn’t mention in his remarks — a time period that ignores the existence of the most current data. His assertion that employment levels have been crumbling in these states is belied by data showing that each state has seen job gains both in the past year and since Trump took office. We rate the statement .
Statement: Joe Biden's war on American energy caused this crisis and his only response has been to drain our strategic petroleum reserve to its lowest level since 1983.
Speaker: richard hudson
About the speaker: Richard Hudson is a Republican Congressman representing North Carolina's 8th District.
Date: January 12, 2023
Location: north carolina
Topics: gas prices
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Referring to the U.S. fuel situation, Hudson said Biden "caused this crisis and his only response has been to drain our strategic petroleum reserve to its lowest level since 1983." Hudson is right that the Biden administration ordered oil released from the nation’s strategic petroleum reserve, and that the stock is at its lowest level in 40 years.  However, it’s  to say that Biden alone caused an energy crisis or to suggest that the administration has done nothing to address oil and gas prices. We rate Hudson’s tweet .
Statement: Says Rick Scott has "teamed up with a felon convicted of running a Ponzi scheme to smear Charlie Crist.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: August 17, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: campaign finance;crime
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Crist’s TV ad says Rick Scott has "teamed up with a felon convicted of running a Ponzi scheme to smear Charlie Crist with  attacks." This ad is vague and confusing. Scott hasn’t teamed up with Ponzi schemer Rothstein -- he was arrested in December 2009 and Scott entered his first race for governor in April 2010. The only kind of teaming up that happened is that the Republican Party of Florida made a TV ad attacking Crist for his connections to Rothstein in an ad that PolitiFact Florida rated .  Teaming up implies that Scott and Rothstein are in cahoots, and we’re not aware of any  that they crossed paths. When Scott announced his first campaign in April 2010, Rothstein had already been arrested and was awaiting sentencing. We rate this  .
Statement: There is a direct connection between discriminatory policies within the USDA and the enormous land loss we have seen among Black farmers over the past century.
Speaker: cory booker
About the speaker: Cory Booker is a senator from New Jersey. He was first elected to the Senate in 2013, making him the first African-American senator from New Jersey and the first African-American elected to the Senate since Barack Obama in 2004. Booker served as mayor of Newark from 2006 until 2013. He has a bachelor's degree in political science and a master’s degree in sociology from Stanford University, an honors degree in United States history from The Queens College as a Rhodes Scholar and a J.D. from Yale Law School. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and suspended his campaign in January 2020.
Date: February 9, 2021
Topics: civil rights;economy;legal issues;race and ethnicity
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: A distrust of the legal system has contributed to farms being transferred from one generation to the other without a will, said a post from the Heirs’ Property Retention Coalition, formed in 2006 to help low-income African Americans deal with issues related to heirs’ property. Booker said, "there is a direct connection between discriminatory policies within the USDA and the enormous land loss we have seen among Black farmers over the past century." Booker’s  is supported by findings in USDA reports, legal settlements between the department and Black farmers and expert opinion. Booker’s  is accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Says Rick Scott "cut $700 million from water management.
Speaker: florida democratic party
About the speaker: the Florida affiliate of the Democratic Party.
Date: August 5, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: environment;state budget;water
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The Florida Democratic Party tweeted that Scott "cut $700 million from water management." The budgets of Florida’s five water management districts were collectively cut by over $700 million about a year into Scott’s first term. Since the governor has the final say over the water management districts’ budgets, the tweet is largely accurate. However, in the years since 2012, the districts’ budgets have started to rise again. The overall budget of the five districts is no longer $700 million less than the pre-Scott budget. We rate this statement .
Statement: No court has held (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) unconstitutional.
Speaker: eric schneiderman
About the speaker: Eric Schneiderman is the state Attorney General of New York. He is a Democrat and former member of the State Senate. 
Date: September 6, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: an interview on The Rachel Maddow Show
Fact-check justification: Schneiderman said, "No court has held (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) unconstitutional." While there is debate on the constitutionality of DACA, that has not been determined by courts. We rate Schneiderman’s statement .
Statement: Most Americans want "traditional marriage," as defined by the Defense of Marriage Act.
Speaker: bill johnson
About the speaker: Bill Johnson is a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, serving Ohio's 6th Congressional District. His district covers all or part of 12 counties from Mahoning County in Eastern Ohio and stretching along the Ohio River to the southernmost part of the state.
Date: June 27, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: families;lgbtq
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Still, attitudes are a-changin’, to borrow a Bob Dylan line from another era of social shifts. Johnson would have been correct in 2004 and 2006, when voters throughout the country passed state constitutional bans on gay marriage. But in 2013, his statement has only an element of . It is dated. His  rates .
Statement: Drinking champagne could help prevent Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia.
Speaker: viral media reports
About the speaker: this is for facebook post and twitter feeds
Date: November 9, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: alcohol;health care;medicare
Context: print
Fact-check justification: Social media recently resurrected an old study Stories were posted  suggesting that drinking champagne could help prevent the onset of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. The study is from 2013, not new, as some posts suggested. It was based on testing in a small group of rats, which the National Health Service in Britain says would need to be repeated in a larger sample. And it still might not have any implications in humans. To imply otherwise is very . We rate the statement .
Statement: Says library district would come "at no direct cost to the city budget.
Speaker: multnomah county library foundation
About the speaker: "The Library Foundation mobilizes private support to enhance Multnomah County Library’s leadership and innovation, helping the library address emerging community needs."
Date: July 25, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: city budget;county budget
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: Still, there doesn’t seem to be any debate that, with things as they are now, the city will ultimately have less money to work with should a library district pass. In the original e-mail, the Library Foundation asserted that the district would come at "no direct cost" to the city budget. It’s , the city would not have to pay for the library directly, but a district would mean the city has $7 million less to work with. The comment was clarified, but it still left many with the  impression. We find this statement .
Statement: During Sherrod Brown's past decade as a D.C. politician, more than one out of every four jobs that has left America, left from Ohio. ... Sherrod Brown will own these horrendous Ohio job numbers next year.
Speaker: josh mandel
About the speaker: Josh Mandel, a Republican from Lyndhurst, is a Marine veteran who served two tours in Iraq. He served as Ohio treasurer from 2011 to 2019.  Before that, he was a state representative from the 17th Ohio House District. He unsuccessfully challenged Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 US Senate race. Mandel is running for the GOP nomination for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat in 2022.
Date: September 28, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: BLS data shows that Ohio lost 190,900 of those jobs cited by Aquilino when Brown was a Democrat in a Republican Congress, affording him almost no power. Aquilino backs up the  by listing recent laws or policies supported by Brown in the Senate.   Yet the effects of most of those policies, whether negative or positive, are yet to come. The , while  accurate on the aggregate job losses, leaves out a considerable amount of information -- veering in large part toward  -- when saying Brown owns these horrendous numbers. That renders the  in its entirety .