chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Germany halts all Covid-19 vaccines, says they are unsafe and no longer recommended!!
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 27, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: In March, the country halted use of the AstraZeneca vaccine for people younger than 60 because of concerns it would cause fatal blood clots. In July, Reuters reported Germany would donate all of its remaining AstraZeneca vaccines to less developed countries. But Germany has not stopped its vaccination effort against COVID-19, as this post claims. That allegation originated in a role-playing exercise, but it wasn’t real.   We rate it .
Statement: Collusion is not a crime.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 31, 2018
Location: national
Topics: elections;legal issues
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said that collusion is not a crime. If he means that in a strictly legal sense, he is  because collusion is part of antitrust legislation. If he means it in the only way that fits with Russian interference in the 2016 election, then a broader definition applies. Some legal experts don’t see how coordinating with the Russians violates the criminal code. But others can name specific statutes that could be triggered. Those laws don’t include the word "collusion," but they do cover the sort of actions under investigation by the special counsel. Activities by the Trump campaign might have broken laws that deal with elections, public corruption or computer fraud. We don’t say that anyone in the Trump campaign violated these laws. The point is that coordination with Russian representatives potentially could violate them. We rate this  .
Statement: Gov. Kitzhaber oversaw creation of the Oregon driver card law "behind closed doors without allowing any input from citizens who represent the public interest.
Speaker: protect oregon driver licenses
About the speaker: Protect Oregon Driver Licenses is an advocacy organization opposed to providing driver cards to those who can't prove they are in the state legally. PODL has collected enough signatures to refer SB 833 -- which would provide such cards -- to the November 2014 ballot.
Date: April 21, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: immigration
Context: a campaign website statement
Fact-check justification: Dozens of people, including the opposition, testified before the bill’s eventual passage, making it hard to argue that, as an opposition spokesman asserted, everything was "cooked and baked behind closed doors." The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . Thoughts on this ruling? Click on over to OregonLive.com/politics to leave your comments.
Statement: We have seen hate crimes skyrocket in the wake of the immigration debate.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 21, 2008
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: Austin, Texas
Fact-check justification: Obama's campaign did not respond to Politifact's request to explain where he got his numbers. As noted, when you look at the historical trend over the last 10 years, the numbers roller-coaster, so it's hard to say, based on those numbers, whether anti-Hispanic hate crimes have actually spiked due to the immigration debate. It's also  that the relatively small number of reported incidents makes even a few additional ones look like a dramatic increase, in terms of percentage. But the numbers steadily rose from 2003 to 2006 and Obama's comment fairly and accurately reflects two reports that reached that conclusion. So we rate his  .
Statement: An estimated 8 million children worldwide live in orphanages or residential institutions. Shockingly, 80 percent of these children are not orphans.
Speaker: lumos
About the speaker: Lumos is a London-based charity focused on children and founded by author J.K. Rowling.
Date: December 19, 2016
Topics: global news service;children
Context: a factsheet
Fact-check justification: Lumos said, "An estimated 8 million children worldwide live in orphanages or residential institutions. Shockingly, 80 percent of these children are not orphans." Both figures are plausible though not verifiable. A UNICEF report estimated 2 million institutionalized orphans but noted that this is likely severely underestimated. Local studies on the number of institutionalized orphans with at least one parent, meanwhile, range from 30 to over 90 percent. We rate this  .
Statement: If you or your family spends $28 a day — prepare to be under constant audit by the IRS.
Speaker: kevin mccarthy
About the speaker: Kevin McCarthy, who was first elected in 2006, is a Republican member of Congress representing a district in California. McCarthy was elected as House Speaker in January 2023.
Date: November 18, 2021
Location: national
Topics: congress;taxes
Context: prepared remarks for a House floor speech
Fact-check justification: McCarthy said, "If you or your family spends $28 a day — prepare to be under constant audit by the IRS."  What McCarthy is suggesting isn’t in Build Back Better. McCarthy is criticizing a different proposal, but he leaves out many key details. Such a plan would require new legislation to move forward. MCarthy’s  ignores that the proposal aims to filter out people who get paid through an employer, or through a government program like Social Security. He treats audits as if they were the same as monitoring by the IRS, and they are different.  The  is not accurate. We rate it .  RELATED : In marathon speech, Kevin McCarthy makes dubious claims about Build Back Better bill RELATED : IRS reform proposal would not require banks to hand over info on routine transactions RELATED : Biden plan to require more bank account reporting to IRS is still a proposal RELATED : Will the IRS track 'every' Venmo transaction?
Statement: Red Crescent Says No Evidence of Chemical Attack in Syria's Douma.
Speaker: antiwar.com
About the speaker: Antiwar.com is a non-interventionist website division of the Randolph Bourne Institute.
Date: April 9, 2018
Topics: fake news;human rights;foreign policy;punditfact
Context: an article on the Antiwar.com website
Fact-check justification: The Antiwar.com website said that the Syrian Red Crescent had issued a statement saying that they found no  of a chemical attack in Douma. The organization’s director said that was based on an article from the Russian news service Tass. The Syrian Arab Red Crescent did not make such a statement. Antiwar.com posted a full retraction of its article and apologized for the . We rate this  .
Statement: The war on drugs led to "a 500 percent increase in incarceration in our country, disproportionately affecting poor and disproportionately affecting minorities.
Speaker: cory booker
About the speaker: Cory Booker is a senator from New Jersey. He was first elected to the Senate in 2013, making him the first African-American senator from New Jersey and the first African-American elected to the Senate since Barack Obama in 2004. Booker served as mayor of Newark from 2006 until 2013. He has a bachelor's degree in political science and a master’s degree in sociology from Stanford University, an honors degree in United States history from The Queens College as a Rhodes Scholar and a J.D. from Yale Law School. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and suspended his campaign in January 2020.
Date: July 10, 2016
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Booker said the 40-year war on drugs led to "a 500 percent increase in incarceration in our country, disproportionately affecting poor and disproportionately affecting minorities." Booker has his numbers right, looking at incarcerated population growth over the past 40 years. It’s hard to conclusively attribute the rapid rise to the war on drugs, but many experts believe that it is a major factor, if not the primary factor. Minorities are disproportionately represented in the prison population, and some slightly dated research indicates poor people are, as well.  seems to show that black people are more likely to be arrested for drug crime than white people, despite being equally likely to use and less likely to sell drugs. Even though it’s hard to prove a direct causal effect, the  seems to back up Booker’s . Because of that additional context, we rate his  .
Statement: Says Tom Ford said about Melania Trump, "I have no interest in dressing a glorified escort who steals speeches and has bad taste in men.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 18, 2019
Topics: sexuality;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Never, ever, ever, have I said that Melania was an escort," Ford told WWD. "I’ve never said anything derogatory about Melania. I never would say anything derogatory. It’s so weird, isn’t it, in today’s world the way someone out of nowhere can just make up a random quote and start circulating it on the Internet?" We rate this post as .
Statement: So the Pennsylvania Supreme Court just ruled, in effect, that the 2020 presidential election was rigged.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 1, 2022
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: Instagram/Truth Social posts
Fact-check justification: President Joe Biden defeated Trump in Pennsylvania by taking 50.1% of the vote, according to official results from the Pennsylvania Department of State. We rate Trump’s misinterpretation of the order ! PolitiFact staff writer Amy Sherman contributed to this report. RELATED : All of our fact-checks about Pennsylvania
Statement: Chinese lunar rover finds no evidence of American moon landings.
Speaker: antinews.in
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: May 21, 2017
Location: national
Topics: fake news
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The story also claims the Chinese space program launched a petition demanding the United States declassify NASA information regarding the U.S. moon landing, signed by 200 of its highest-ranking officials. But the petition is nowhere to be found and alleged signee and "world renowned nuclear engineer" Yury Ignatyevich Mukhin is actually renowned in  news circles as a Russian conspiracy theorist denying all moon landings. The only information available about him online, though, has been produced by Mukhin himself, leading Wikipedia to cast serious doubt on his profile. The story can be traced back to a 2014 post on WorldNewsDailyReport.com, a known peddler of  news that assumes "all responsibility for the satirical nature of its articles and for the fictional nature of their content." We rate this statement !
Statement: Republicans DO NOT want to throw doctors" in jail.
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: May 3, 2022
Topics: abortion
Context: a memo to Republican senate candidates and lawmakers
Fact-check justification: In a memo to Republican candidates and lawmakers, the National Republican Senatorial Committee said that Republicans do not want to throw doctors in jail for violating abortion laws. Many Republican-controlled states have penalties for people who perform illegal abortions that include prison sentences, including a maximum of life imprisonment. In the U.S. Senate, a proposal with a potential prison sentence was co-sponsored by nearly the entire Republican caucus.  We rate this  . Related: What would state laws look like in a post-Roe world?
Statement: The Obama administration "spent more money on the Cash for Clunkers program than the space program.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: February 8, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: space
Context: a news account of a speech
Fact-check justification: So to recap: Rubio would be correct if indeed he was suggesting that the U.S. spent more on Cash for Clunkers -- $3 billion -- than the Obama administration would spend on Constellation. But by referring to it as the "space program," his comment was so vague that it sounds more like he's referring to the entire NASA budget. And the Florida Today article helps to back that up by noting that he ignored the fact that Obama was proposing an increase in NASA's overall spending. The Rubio campaign says his context was clear to the audience, but we think his wording most likely is interpreted to mean the entire NASA budget. So we find the  .
Statement: The cost of living is going up, but paychecks aren't keeping up.
Speaker: kamala harris
About the speaker: Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States. Harris was elected as a senator from California in 2016. She previously was California’s attorney general from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 until 2011, she was the district attorney of San Francisco. Harris received a bachelor’s degree in political science and economics from Howard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in December. On Aug. 11, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden named Harris as his running mate.
Date: January 27, 2019
Location: california
Topics: economy
Context: a campaign launch event
Fact-check justification: Harris said, "The cost of living is going up, but paychecks aren't keeping up." Overall, wages have hardly skyrocketed, but they have risen faster than inflation since 1979, and especially since 2014. One subset of workers — men in the lower end of the wage spectrum — has seen their pay fail to keep up with inflation since 1973. However, Harris used general terms in her speech. We rate the statement . Editor's note:  We heard from several readers who disagreed with or had questions about this rating. We've addressed their questions in a follow-up story published Feb. 7, 2019. Read our follow-up story .
Statement: Black Lives Matter demonstrators attack "elderly man wearing oxygen.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 29, 2020
Location: missouri
Topics: civil rights;race and ethnicity;religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that Black Lives Matter demonstrators attacked an "elderly man wearing oxygen."  An older white man was in an altercation with a younger Black man at a demonstration in St. Louis that showed support for Black Lives Matter, according to photos and captions recorded by news outlets. There is no  the white man was "wearing oxygen." We rate the post .
Statement: Members of Congress "receive full pay retirement after serving one term.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: May 16, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: federal budget;income;public service;retirement;social security
Context: a message via the Internet
Fact-check justification: Over the years the  has been accompanied by assertions that members of Congress don't pay into their Social Security ( they have since 1984 ) or they don't contribute anything toward their retirement ( they do ), or that they are exempt from the new health-care law or claims of sexual harassment (they're not). A quick Google search with the words "congress" "full" "pay" and "retirement" would reveal the . But too many people prefer to make the seat-of-the-slacks decision to simply spread the myth to family and friends. So for them, and the original author of this ill-informed email, we break out the matches and lighter fluid and give them a  ! https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/c8c8d099-0558-4c98-9c28-e94348bf4b4a
Statement: If Trump is impeached in the house & not senate, he can run 2 more times.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 20, 2019
Topics: impeachment;legal issues;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims: "If Trump is impeached in the house & not senate, he can run 2 more times." Plain and simple, a person can be elected to only two terms as president. No exceptions. We rate the  .
Statement: Rand Paul's speech ... on 'Gattaca' was totally ripped off of Wikipedia.
Speaker: rachel maddow
About the speaker: Rachel Maddow is the host of MSNBC’s “The Rachel Maddow Show”. She formerly hosted a radio program of the same name on the defunct Air America network.
Date: October 28, 2013
Topics: candidate biography;health care;pundits;punditfact
Context: comments on her TV show
Fact-check justification: We’ll leave it to the prognosticators to determine how much impact Paul’s blunder will have on his political prospects, but the facts are pretty clear on this one. Maddow was dead on; Paul recited Gattaca ’s Wikipedia page nearly word-for-word. We rate her statement .
Statement: Says Obama has failed to pass a budget.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: April 4, 2012
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: a speech to newspaper editors
Fact-check justification: In his speech, Romney faulted Obama for failing to pass a budget. He was correct that the two times Congress voted on the president’s budget requests, both times they were voted down. But the job of passing a budget resolution is not the president’s. That responsibility falls to Congress, and even then the president doesn’t sign it. As Ellis, our expert, put it: "The president has no role in passing a budget. The president can cajole Congress about passing a budget and advocate for positions and funding levels, but in the end, Congress approves the budget resolution for their own purposes." That’s the difference between this and other claims we’ve rated which blamed Congress for inaction on the budget. Romney’s statement contains a grain of , in that two of Obama’s budget requests failed to pass. But citing those votes leaves a  impression -- namely that the votes were anything more than political theater. Romney omitted the more critical information that passing a federal budget is the job of Congress. Given all that, we rate his statement .
Statement: Putting three Republicans in my Cabinet...is unprecedented.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 9, 2009
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: It'd be one thing if Obama had appointed the Republican leader of the Senate to a high-level Cabinet position. That might move things toward some sort of reconciliation government, he said. "But governing is way more sophisticated than these symbolic gestures." Whatever you make of the appointments, Obama is on solid ground when he said his three Republican Cabinet appointments were unprecedented. We rate his statement .
Statement: A nurse who fainted after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine died from the vaccination.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 17, 2021
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claims that Tiffany Dover, a Tennessee nurse who was seen fainting after receiving the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine in December 2020, is dead. There has been no  that Dover died and Catholic Health Initiatives Memorial Hospital confirmed to PolitiFact that she is alive and is still an employee. We also found no legitimate record of her death and her nursing license remains active. Several news and fact-checking organizations have repeatedly debunked rumors about her death, citing multiple statements from the hospital and a video that showed Dover alive and well. But conspiracy theorists continue to hound the facility and Dover’s family, insisting she died when she didn’t.  We rate this  ! PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.