chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: One out of every five law enforcement officers that's killed is killed with an assault weapon.
Speaker: dianne feinstein
About the speaker: Dianne Feinstein is a Democratic U.S. Senator from California.
Date: January 27, 2013
Location: national
Topics: crime;guns
Context: an interview on CBS' "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: Because the definition of "assault weapon" is subject to debate, the categorization of any given weapon is open to some interpretation. Still, while the numbers were analyzed by a group with a stake in the fight, we find the data reasonable. The data has been consistent in the five years studied, and at worst, Feinstein's figure for the most recent year, 2009, is only a few percentage points high. On balance, we rate her  .
Statement: New Zealand okays euthanasia for COVID patients.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 20, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Blog posts and social media posts  that New Zealand has approved euthansia for COVID-19 patients, with suggestions that it could be used as a tool if COVID-19 hospitalizations rise dramatically.  An assisted-dying law was passed by New Zealand voters in 2020. But while some COVID-19 patients may be eligible under the law, the legislation was not introduced for COVID-19. The law has strict eligibility requirements, including that the person must have a terminal illness that is likely to end their life within six months and causes them unbearable suffering. It requires multiple doctors to determine whether the person is eligible and competent, and doctors cannot suggest euthanasia as an option or make the decision for patients. These stories are  and omit critical facts that would give a different impression. .
Statement: Photo shows Laurel Hubbard "winning the women's weight lifting competition" at the Olympics.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 31, 2021
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  "He should participate in the trans Olympics," someone else wrote. "Why didn’t the real women withdraw?"  Hubbard has drawn wide attention , both positive and negative, since securing her place at the Olympics. After competing, she said she would retire from professional weightlifting and said she was "looking forward to this being the end of my journey as an athlete and the attention that comes from it. "  Claims that this photo shows her winning a medal at the Olympics are . We rate it .
Statement: You're in more trouble if you leave your pet in the car than if you leave your child in the car.
Speaker: john pagliarini
About the speaker: John Pagliarini is Republican state senator. 
Date: April 11, 2016
Location: rhode island
Topics: children;criminal justice;public safety
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Sen. Pagliarini says "You’re in more trouble if you leave your pet in the car than if you leave your child in the car." We looked at the laws, and at face value, he’s right. But, through the power of the DCYF, police, hospital staff and child neglect statutes like Brendan’s Law, parents or caregivers can get in a heap of trouble if they leave a child in these circumstances. Because the statement leaves out important details about actual practice, we rate it: .
Statement: Says he didn't call Dr. George Tiller a baby killer, as liberal groups charge, but was merely reporting what "some prolifers branded him.
Speaker: bill o'reilly
About the speaker: Bill O'Reilly hosted The O'Reilly Factor on Fox News until 2017. He formerly worked as a television news reporter and has authored numerous books.
Date: June 3, 2009
Location: national
Topics: abortion;pundits
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: There were many other examples in previous years. These instances and others we reviewed clearly show that O'Reilly was not reporting the views of others, but was expressing his own views on the doctor. O'Reilly said in his column that "Some prolifers branded" Tiller a baby killer, "and I reported it," as if he were reporting the views of others. But the transcripts show O'Reilly repeatedly referred to Tiller as a baby killer without attribution. So we find his statement that liberal groups are targeting him for his reporting of what others said to be .
Statement: On issue after issue that really were hard to explain or understand, you voted present . . . And anytime anyone raises that, there's always some kind of explanation.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: January 21, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Myrtle Beach, S.C
Fact-check justification: That's out of more than 4,000 votes cast. On many of those votes, Obama was joined by many in his party, making it clear that he was, as he claims, casting votes as part of a broader legislative strategy. But there are several other instances in which he is one of only a few senators to vote "present," and at least eight where he was the only senator to vote "present." In those cases, it's hard to see the party's fingerprints on his position, and it's easier to see political expedience. Ultimately, the record is mixed, leaving us little room for more than .
Statement: Under Rick Scott, there has been a "historic $20 billion in funds for education.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: September 30, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: corrections and updates;education
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: The Republican Party’s ad says that under Rick Scott, Florida has had a "historic $20 billion in funds for education." The statement is accurate if we look at total K-12 spending for Scott’s fourth year in office. But this  leaves out some important context -- that Crist still holds the per-pupil record and that Scott significantly reduced K-12 spending during his first year. We rate the statement in the ad . Editor's note:  This item has been updated to clarify that in August 2014 Scott proposed a budget of $7,176 in per-pupil spending.
Statement: News cameras "shut off" just as Biden was asked if he gave the Taliban a "hit list" of evacuating American and Afghan officials.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 1, 2021
Topics: afghanistan;facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: Facebook posts said that news cameras "shut off" just as Biden was asked if he gave the Taliban a "hit list" of evacuating American and Afghan officials. Biden did field questions about allegations that his administration gave a list of evacuating American and Afghan officials to the Taliban. However, the exchange didn’t take place as described, and news footage of the appearance doesn’t cut out.  We rate the statement . ​
Statement: The Russian airstrike on a maternity hospital in Mariupol, Ukraine, had "the makings of yet another false flag operation" led by the U.S.
Speaker: pearson sharp
About the speaker: Pearson Sharp is a show host and correspondent for One America News Network.
Date: March 11, 2022
Topics: foreign policy;pundits;facebook fact-checks;punditfact;ukraine;russia
Context: a TV segment
Fact-check justification: Sharp said the attack on the Mariupol hospital had "the makings of yet another  flag operation" by the U.S. There is no  that the attack was staged or a  flag carried out by the U.S. Its aftermath was documented by workers, witnesses and journalists on the ground. We rate OAN’s  !
Statement: Our most important work has been creating and retaining almost 55,000 Ohio jobs.
Speaker: kevin boyce
About the speaker: Kevin Boyce, a Democrat, is Ohio's state treasurer.
Date: August 19, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: economy
Context: a campaign e-mail
Fact-check justification: The  his office provided to support his  dates back to January 2009, when he took office. Boyce’s campaign literature and Twitter feed also reference the longer time frame. Strike a match. We rate the statement . Comment on this item .
Statement: Says Beto O'Rourke is "the only candidate to the U.S. Senate to call for" impeaching President Donald Trump.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: July 17, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: congress
Context: a campaign press release
Fact-check justification: Cruz said O’Rourke is "t he only candidate to the U.S. Senate to call for " impeaching Trump. Since August 2017, O’Rourke has been saying that he’d vote to impeach Trump, which would start with a vote in the House, where he serves. O’Rourke might be the only Senate nominee to say as much. However, Democratic Senate contenders in Minnesota and California also have talked up Trump's impeachment. We rate this  about O'Rourke's uniqueness .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The city of Atlanta is banning the word "women.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 15, 2023
Location: georgia
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "No."   Searching the city’s website for anything to suggest that the word "women" would be banned, we found nothing. We did find plenty of references to women.   On Feb. 2, for example, the mayor issued a press release about a digital marketplace aimed at creating a more equitable business environment that would benefit "minority-owned, women-owned and legacy businesses," among others.   In September, the city revealed a new cohort for Atlanta’s "Women Entrepreneurship Initiative," and in December, it announced amid frigid weather that a third warming center had been opened "exclusively for women and children. "  We rate claims the city is banning the word "women" .
Statement: Elon Musk tweeted, "The world is flat.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 11, 2023
Topics: space;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Musk has poked fun at the idea that Earth is flat, tweeting in November 2017: "Why is there no Flat Mars Society!?" In April 2021, he tweeted that "the earth is not flat, it’s a hollow globe & Donkey Kong lives there!"   And in February 2023, he acknowledged the earth’s roundness.   "Without the sun," he said, "we’d just be a dark ice ball with some chemotrophic bacteria. "  We rate claims that Musk tweeted the world is flat .
Statement: Says kitchen worker in viral video is potentially spreading coronavirus by blowing into food containers.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 14, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "The only additional question is how long will the packaged food be held before someone eats it. The longer before someone consumes that food, the less chance that the contamination that may have been placed there by the person blowing on the wrapper will survive." The caption on this Facebook post, and others who have posted the video online, portray the clip as having been recorded recently amid the novel coronavirus outbreak.   In reality, it was taken at least three years ago, long before the first case of the new coronavirus was reported in late 2019.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says President Donald Trump is "morbidly obese.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: May 19, 2020
Location: california
Topics: congress;coronavirus
Context: a CNN interview
Fact-check justification: Based off of his declared height and weight, Trump has a body mass index of 30.1. This places him into the lowest of three levels under the CDC’s definition of obesity. Even if the public numbers are a bit shy of reality, Trump would have to be substantially heavier to meet a level of severe, or morbid, obesity. We rate Pelosi’s  . PolitiFact senior correspondent Louis Jacobson and executive director Aaron Sharockman contributed to this report.
Statement: Sheriffs Call For Obama's Lynching While Leader Meets With GOP Senators
Speaker: urban intellectuals
About the speaker: Urban Intellectuals is a black advocacy group.
Date: January 15, 2015
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: an article posted on Urban Intellectuals
Fact-check justification: The Urban Intellectuals website said that sheriffs called for Obama’s lynching. The article behind that statement amply describes that there were two separate groups in Washington that day. At no time does the article suggest that any sheriff spoke those words. The headline represents a reckless misreading of a published account. We rate the  .
Statement: With Obamacare, "we're fixing to get hit with the biggest entitlement program the American taxpayers have ever seen.
Speaker: saxby chambliss
About the speaker: Saxby Chambliss, a Republican, is a United States senator from Georgia
Date: September 25, 2013
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care
Context: a discussion on CNN's "Crossfire"
Fact-check justification: Chambliss said that with Obamacare, "we're fixing to get hit with the biggest entitlement program the American taxpayers have ever seen." Measured by the most obvious standard -- whether there’s ever been a bigger entitlement program -- Obamacare is hardly the biggest. Over the next 10 years, Obamacare ranks no higher than fourth, trailing Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid. If you use a less obvious standard -- restricting it to the initial projected costs for the first 10 years of any entitlement program -- Obamacare does rank as the biggest as a percentage of GDP, though that’s shaped by differences in population growth and medical inflation that make comparisons questionable. We rate his statement .
Statement: The health care reform bill -- on Page 16 -- outlaws private insurance.
Speaker: investor's business daily
About the speaker: IBDEditorials.com is a political commentary Web site affiliated with Investor's Business Daily, a newspaper and Web site with a focus on business news and the stock market.
Date: July 15, 2009
Location: national
Topics: corporations;health care;pundits;regulation
Context: an editorial
Fact-check justification: Many private companies are highly regulated but are still considered to be private.   The original editorial said, "Right there on Page 16 is a provision making individual private medical insurance illegal." That's not what the legislation says. When the error was pointed out, a subsequent editorial said it was still . For perpetuating misinformation and then standing by it in the face of facts, we rate the Investor's Business Daily editorial !
Statement: Says former president Jimmy Carter said, "Medical marijuana cured my cancer.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 8, 2015
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: Internet posts
Fact-check justification: But perhaps the biggest giveaway is a faked quote from Carter that reads, "I smoke two joints in the morning, I smoke two joints at night, I smoke two joint in the afternoon, and it makes me feel all right." That’s actually the opening line from The Toyes’ 1983 weed anthem " Smoke Two Joints ," although many people instead refer to Sublime’s 1992 cover , or even Macy Gray’s 2012 interpretation . We don’t know which version Carter would prefer. At any rate, this is a  story that sparked a wave of readers being fooled. We rate it !
Statement: Says the Florida House of Representatives allocated $24 billion, "the greatest investment in education in Florida history!
Speaker: richard corcoran
About the speaker: Richard Corcoran is Florida's appointed education commissioner. He was elected to the state House in 2010 and served as House Speaker 2016-2018.
Date: May 6, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Corcoran tweeted that at $24 billion, the House has made "the greatest investment in education in Florida history!" In sheer dollars, that appears to be the case in large part because the Legislature agreed to an incremental bump in funding. Even if Scott doesn’t sign HB 7069, which targets very specific programs, the main state-local funding source alone is still at the highest total it’s ever been. But it's not a runaway difference. Compared with the current year, the per-pupil increase is less than one-half of 1 percent. The increases that do exist won't affect every school district equally, and some counties likely will see less money because of how the state allocates school funds. Corcoran is also including spending that hasn't yet been approved by the governor. The  loses even more luster when taking into account that Florida's education spending, already lower than the national average, hasn’t kept up with inflation for years. The next fiscal year is no different. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: We've had two members engage in a Democrat-led persecution of ordinary citizens who engaged in legitimate political discourse.
Speaker: ronna mcdaniel
About the speaker: Ronna Romney McDaniel (born January 19, 1973) is the current Chair of the Republican National Committee (RNC) and former Chair of the Michigan Republican Party. McDaniel is the granddaughter of two-term Michigan Governor and Nixon administration Cabinet member George W. Romney and niece of former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney.
Date: February 4, 2022
Location: national
Topics: jan. 6
Context: an interview with the Washington Post
Fact-check justification: McDaniel said that Cheney and Kinzinger engaged "in a Democrat-led persecution of ordinary citizens who engaged in legitimate political discourse." McDaniel said her words applied not to the Capitol rioters but to others who were subpoenaed by the Jan. 6 committee to answer questions.  But the people she had in mind weren’t ordinary citizens. They purported to be acting in an official capacity and participated in a national level scheme to overturn the 2020 election. Investigating their actions isn’t persecution. It is part of finding the facts. We rate this  . Related: What you need to know about the  Trump electors Related: Trump falsely says Electoral Count Act talks prove he was right on Pence’s power Related: How Democrats aim to define the lessons of Jan. 6
Statement: Let's talk about the facts and where we are today. There are still nearly 2,600 children who are separated from their parents" due to the Trump administration's zero-tolerance policy.
Speaker: kamala harris
About the speaker: Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States. Harris was elected as a senator from California in 2016. She previously was California’s attorney general from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 until 2011, she was the district attorney of San Francisco. Harris received a bachelor’s degree in political science and economics from Howard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in December. On Aug. 11, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden named Harris as his running mate.
Date: July 17, 2018
Location: california
Topics: immigration
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification:   – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. UPDATE: After we published on July 19, 2018, and two days after Harris' statement, the Trump administration updated its figures, saying 364 of 2,551 children age five and older had been reunified with their parents, according to news reports . Our rating, which is based on the information available at the time a speaker makes their , remains the same: .   Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.