chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: I've released 22 years of my tax returns. You can go online and look. (Donald Trump) hasn't released one.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 31, 2020
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;ethics;taxes
Context: a rally
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "I’ve released 22 years of my tax returns. You can go online and look. (Donald Trump) hasn’t released one." Biden’s federal tax returns from 2019 dating back to 1998 are available online, as he claimed. The most recent returns are highlighted on his campaign website. Others can be found on the websites for the Obama White House and the 2008 Obama presidential campaign. Trump has not publicly released his tax returns, making him the only president or major-party presidential nominee in decades who has not done so.  We rate Biden’s  . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: 1977: Biden said integrating black students would turn schools into 'a jungle… a racial jungle.'
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 23, 2020
Topics: candidate biography;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post says that in 1977, Biden said integrating black students would turn schools into ‘a jungle… a racial jungle.’" That’s not quite right. In 1977, Biden, who opposed court-ordered busing to integrate public schools, said: "Unless we do something about this, my children are going to grow up in a jungle, the jungle being a racial jungle with tensions built so high that it is going to explode at some point." He advocated for "orderly integration," specifically integrating housing, and he supported many other aspects of desegregation and civil rights. But, as the New York Times reported, Biden also pushed an "anti-busing agenda into the early 1980s." We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: A video shows ballots being changed in Maryland.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 21, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It’s a protocol that has been in place since he started working for the election board in 2003 to try to ensure as many eligible ballots as possible are counted. Workers are supposed to ask other volunteers or supervisors if they’re unsure whether an oval needs to be darkened, a practice that’s easier when canvassers sit next to each other. This year they’re sitting 6 feet apart because of the coronavirus.   Karpinski said the worker "followed the appropriate policies and protocols." We rate these posts .
Statement: Says the Dickey Amendment "prevents the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from even researching the relationship between gun violence and public health. ... The government can't study gun violence but is spending $400,000 analyzing the effects of Swedish massages on rabbits.
Speaker: steve israel
About the speaker: Rep. Steve Israel is a Democrat representing the third district of New York and the chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Commitee.
Date: October 2, 2017
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: the "New York Times"
Fact-check justification: Israel said the Dickey Amendment prevents the CDC from researching the relationship between gun violence and public health. As a matter of law, it only prevents money going toward research aimed at promoting gun control. But as a matter of politics, that distinction is murky, and as a result, research has been limited. Israel’s point about Swedish massage on rabbits is off on the timing, but right on the substance. Israel’s statement has some technical flaws, but the broader thrust is accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Says Donald Trump made a lot of money from outsourcing jobs thanks to NAFTA "but never, ever raised his voice against it when Congress was considering it.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: July 3, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: trade
Context: an interview on ABC "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Brown said Trump made a lot of money from outsourcing jobs thanks to NAFTA "but never, ever raised his voice against it when Congress was considering it." Yes, Trump has benefitted financially from trade deals like NAFTA. Even he acknowledges that. But Brown’s televised comment makes it sound as though Trump changed his mind on trade when it became politically expedient. Rather, Trump was not a fan of NAFTA from the start, and was a rare voice in opposition to it at a Bakersfield, Calif., convention.   We rate Brown’s  .
Statement: Nobody suffered any lasting injuries" from the CIA interrogation program.
Speaker: peter king
About the speaker: Peter King is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives serving a district in New York. He is a senior member of the House Homeland Security Committee and the House Intelligence Committee.
Date: December 9, 2014
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;terrorism
Context: a radio show appearance
Fact-check justification: King said, "Nobody suffered any lasting injuries" as a result of the CIA enhanced interrogation program. He also said downplayed the methods, claiming it was "not a case where people were killed," and that the techniques amounted to "people being made to stand in awkward in positions." This is the opposite of what the report showed. One need not agree with everything in it to conclude that someone did die, an eye was lost, detainees were made to stand on broken limbs and deprived of sleep for 180 hours. It’s as if King didn’t read the report before he went on the radio. We rate his  .
Statement: Productivity has risen 18 percent ...yet wages have stayed flat... There are 5-million more people in poverty here in our country than there were in 2000.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: December 5, 2007
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: New York, N.Y
Fact-check justification: Increased competition from cheap foreign labor is squeezing U.S. factory workers and costing jobs, while wages have not kept pace with rising energy and health care prices, several studies say, including the 2006 State of Working America by the Economic Policy Institute, a nonpartisan advocate for the poor. Productivity indeed is up about 18 percent since 2000, but income is down, and nearly 5-million more people are living in poverty than at the height of the last business cycle in 2000, government statistics show. "All of that paints more of a picture about what individual households are seeing and reacting to," said Aviva Aron-Dine, a policy analyst for the Center on Budget Policy and Priorities, a nonpartisan advocacy group for the poor. Clinton accurately portrays the economic challenges facing Americans - and the next president - as she campaigns. We find her statement .
Statement: Barack Obama ... 96 percent of his votes have been solely along party line.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: October 2, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: St. Louis
Fact-check justification: By comparison, rival Sen. John McCain has voted with his fellow Republicans at an 81 percent clip over the entire Bush presidency. But as PolitiFact has reported before , voting studies can be skewed depending on a lot of factors, such as attendance, the roll-call votes picked and the issues that arise during the course of the year. Some congressional sessions may have more head-to-head party line votes than others. Examining votes that matched the position of President Bush — the titular head of the GOP — shows McCain has supported him 90 percent of the time, while Obama has gone along 40 percent, CQ found. But the question here is if it's  that Obama voted along party lines 96 percent of the time, and that  is .
Statement: Says President Donald Trump is one of "only three people that won the Ellis Island Award for their work within the black community.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 18, 2019
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A popular post spreading on social media claims that Trump "was one of only three people to win an Ellis Island award for ‘work within the black community.’" Trump was awarded the Ellis Island Medal of Honor in 1986, but he was not honored for being one of a handful of recipients who helped the black community – it was for his contributions in real estate. Since then, the Ellis Island Honor Society has honored around 100 Americans each year . We rate this post .
Statement: Says Mike Pence said that "allowing rape victims to have abortions will lead to women trying to get raped.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 17, 2016
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: blog posts
Fact-check justification: The Politicot.com story seems to have been timed to react to Pence being picked as Donald Trump’s running mate on July 15. The site did not respond to our request for clarification. We’ve acknowledged in the past that Politicot.com’s related sites don’t do a good enough job of pointing out their stories are , and exacerbate problems by building contrived details upon real news events. This story is no different, and plenty of other sites posted it as . We rate this  ! https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/99addd99-9735-4cbb-9db7-4c23c53cd885
Statement: In Wisconsin, only half of all the adults with serious psychological distress received mental health treatment or medication.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: February 20, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;public health;state budget
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: In other words, people with serious psychological distress might have mental illness, but that distress is generally regarded as lower on a scale than serious mental illness. Our rating After making a reference to serious mental illness, Walker said: "In Wisconsin, only half of all the adults with serious psychological distress received mental health treatment or medication." Strictly speaking, Walker’s statistical  is accurate, at least based on estimates derived from a federal survey. But his statement needs clarification, given that people with serious psychological distress may have mental illness, but have not been diagnosed as being mentally ill. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says you can get a free $100 Lowe's coupon by answering a few questions
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 23, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Snopes debunked offers of a $150 coupon in 2017, a $50 coupon in 2017 and a $100 coupon back in 2015.   The Better Business Bureau has warned before that "it’s easy to steal the colors, logos and header of an established organization. … Few businesses can afford to give away $50 gift cards for completing a few questions." We rate these posts .
Statement: We know most of our forefathers, all of our main Founding Fathers were against slavery, recognized the evils of it.
Speaker: kayleigh mcenany
About the speaker: Kayleigh McEnany is an on-air commentator for Fox News and former White House press secretary under President Donald Trump. She was previously a spokeswoman for the Republican National Committee and a pro-Trump pundit on CNN.
Date: July 6, 2021
Topics: corrections and updates;history;race and ethnicity;patriotism;pundits;punditfact
Context: a TV segment
Fact-check justification: McEnany said, "We know most of our forefathers, all of our main Founding Fathers were against slavery, recognized the evils of it." Historians said that’s an oversimplification that ignores the lack of action among the Founders to get rid of slavery. Of the most eminent Founding Fathers, a few were against slavery. Others were lifelong slaveholders who showed some distaste for the practice in their lives and writings.  Of the broader group of people who could be considered Founders, there were also southerners who were vehemently pro-slavery. The majority of the signers of the Declaration of Independence owned enslaved people. We rate McEnany’s statement . UPDATE, July 9, 2021:  This fact-check was updated to clarify that Thomas Jefferson was not in Congress when asked to speak against Missouri becoming a slave state.
Statement: Says Jill Karofsky as a prosecutor "went easy on" a Madison man in a 1999 sexual assault case
Speaker: republican state leadership committee
About the speaker: The Washington, D.C.-based Republican State Leadership Committee describes itself as "the largest caucus of Republican state leaders in the country and the only national organization whose mission is to elect down-ballot, state-level Republican officeholders."
Date: March 26, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: A pair of attack ads say Karofsky was "soft" as a prosecutor because she allowed Worley to get away with no jail time. But Karofsky didn’t touch the case until more than a year after the plea agreement reducing the charges and the sentencing imposing no jail time. The ad is based on sloppy research that misunderstood the meaning of the online case records. We rate this  .
Statement: Says "$57,000 is the mean [income] in our state" for a family.
Speaker: sheila oliver
About the speaker: Sheila Oliver is the speaker of the New Jersey Assembly. A Democrat, Oliver represents parts of Essex and Passaic counties.
Date: April 19, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: families;income
Context: an interview on WOR-AM
Fact-check justification: Oliver said, "$57,000 is the mean [income] in our state" for a family. That’s not . The mean family income in New Jersey in 2010 was $106,125 and the median income, a measure less influenced by very high-income earners, was $82,427. We rate Oliver’s statement . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Video shows Joe Biden leaning in and sniffing a child.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 7, 2023
Location: national
Topics: children;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: And the full video makes clear that the person Biden is talking to is a baby carried by a mother. The rest of the footage shows Biden smiling to take a photo before the woman tells him she was recording and they laugh. He then poses for a photo with the crowd. In the comments, the woman wrote that Biden was pretending to say something to the baby and that the people spreading the manipulated version "don’t have better things to do. "  We rate the  that Biden was caught "sniffing a kid" .
Statement: Regarding her State Department email practices, "my predecessors did the same thing.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: March 9, 2016
Location: national
Topics: technology
Context: a Univision/Washington Post Democratic debate
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, regarding her State Department email practices, "my predecessors did the same thing." This is a   chiefly because only one prior secretary of state regularly used email, Colin Powell. Powell did use a personal email address for government business, however he did not use a private server kept at his home, as Clinton did. We rate this  .
Statement: Video shows the aftermath of a mass shooting in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 4, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;pennsylvania
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A video on Facebook claimed to show the aftermath of a mass shooting in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.   That’s not what happened. According to local officials, a fight broke out among the crowd, and someone shouted that there was a gun. This definitely caused a panic in the crowd, but there was no shooting. We rate this video caption .
Statement: He even supports putting a female inmate in shackles during childbirth.
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: October 16, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: criminal justice;voting record
Context: a campaign advertisement
Fact-check justification: Cuomo said Molinaro "supports putting a female inmate in shackles during childbirth." Molinaro was one of 21 Assembly members to vote against a bill that would prohibit the use of restraints on pregnant inmates held in local jails and state prisons during childbirth. We rate this  .
Statement: Says a Roman statesman in 42 B.C. had a "warning about Trump" when he said 2,000 years ago that a nation "cannot survive treason from within.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 29, 2019
Topics: fake news;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Catherine Steel, professor of classics at the University of Glasgow, told PolitiFact she has not come across this quote in any of Cicero’s work. "I'm not aware that this is translation of any work of Cicero," Steel wrote in an email. "The idea of an internal threat does surface in his speeches against Catiline from 63 B.C., particularly e.g. 2.11, but there aren't any close parallels in terms of language." Besides the quote appearing in a 1965 fictional novel, no official documentation of Cicero’s extensive writings or speeches includes anything close to the passage. We rate this .
Statement: The president and vice president can't be from the same state.
Speaker: lawrence o'donnell
About the speaker: Lawrence O'Donnell is the host of MSNBC’s The Last Word. He was formerly the chief of staff for both the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance and the Committee on Environment & Public Works in the 1990's. He is also an actor, and has been executive producer of the television shows The West Wing and Mister Sterling. O'Donnell blogs at the Huffington Post as well. In the past, O'Donnell has described himself as a socialist.
Date: April 14, 2015
Topics: elections;legal issues;punditfact
Context: a panel discussion on MSNBC's "The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell"
Fact-check justification: O’Donnell said the president and vice president can't be from the same state. That’s , there is no law or regulation preventing a ticket from coming from the same state. All the Constitution does is prevent electors in the Electoral College from voting for a president and vice president who are both from their home state. In many elections, that actually wouldn't matter. President Barack Obama could have picked a running mate from Illinois in 2008 and 2012 with no ill effect. Ditto for Bill Clinton's victories in 1992 and 1996, George H.W. Bush's 1988 win and Ronald Reagan's victories in 1980 and 1984. But in a close election, the Electoral College quirk could matter (as well as the hoops people might try to work around it). That makes the possibility of an all Florida ticket risky, but not illegal or impossible. We rate the  .
Statement: You are three times more likely to be able to get a mortgage if you're a white applicant than if you're black or Hispanic, even if you have the same credentials.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: February 18, 2016
Location: national
Topics: financial regulation;housing;race and ethnicity
Context: an MSNBC-Telemundo town hall
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "You are three times more likely to be able to get a mortgage if you're a white applicant than if you're black or Hispanic, even if you have the same credentials." The Clinton campaign admits she misspoke. While there is  of disparities in mortgage acceptance rates by race, Clinton flubbed a talking point she has used correctly on other occasions. Experts say the gaps are not as drastic as Clinton says once you equalize for other key factors, such as income and credit history. We rate her statement .