chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says in Washington, D.C., Sen. Richard Burr "took millions from special interests, went there and cashed in, voted to cut (his) own taxes and raise taxes on working folks.
Speaker: deborah ross
About the speaker: Deborah Ross is a Democratic politician from North Carolina. She is a lawyer, former state representative and former head of the North Carolina ACLU.
Date: August 22, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: campaign finance;candidate biography;congress;workers;taxes
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Ross said Burr "took millions from special interests, went there and cashed in, voted to cut (his) own taxes and raise taxes on working folks." The part about special interest money needs clarification. The part about tax cuts for the wealthy is accurate, but the part about raising taxes on the middle class is purely speculative – it could be right or it could be , and we simply can’t know for sure. The ad’s claims are partially accurate but need additional information, so we rate this  .
Statement: Medicare does just as good, if not better, at keeping people healthy" as Medicare Advantage.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 20, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: an interview on "This Week with George Stephanopolous."
Fact-check justification: President Obama said, "Medicare does just as good, if not better, at keeping people healthy" as Medicare Advantage. We found little statistical  that would definitively confirm or refute this. MedPAC, the independent agency that reports to Congress, said it had no reason to think that Medicare Advantage overall was superior to regular Medicare. Nevertheless, there is uncertainty that merits further study. We rate Obama's statement .
Statement: Greg Abbott has benefitted from "payday lenders who have given him $300,000 and then received a ruling from him that they can operate in a loophole in the law that allows them to charge unlimited rates and fees.
Speaker: wendy davis
About the speaker: Wendy Davis, a Fort Worth attorney, was initially elected to the Texas Senate in 2008. She was the 2014 Democratic gubernatorial nominee, giving up a shot at winning re-election to the Senate.
Date: September 30, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: campaign finance;financial regulation
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Regardless, Abbott's office reaffirmed a way for politically supportive payday lenders to squeeze Texas borrowers. We rate this statement .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says a U.S. Air Force-insignia plane evacuating people from Afghanistan is fake.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 20, 2021
Topics: afghanistan;foreign policy;military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The plane had been surrounded by hundreds of Afghan civilians, the Air Force said in a statement, so "faced with a rapidly deteriorating security situation around the aircraft," the crew "decided to depart the airfield as quickly as possible." In one of the largest airlifts in U.S. history, the U.S. flew 82,300 people out of Kabul between Aug. 14 and the afternoon of Aug. 25, according to official figures. These included a mix of U.S. citizens, green card holders, recipients of a special immigrant visa for helping the U.S. military or diplomats, refugees, and people seeking temporary humanitarian parole. Afghans who are cleared to fly to the U.S. are brought to military bases, where vetting continues.   We rate the post .
Statement: A hidden provision in Obamacare taxes sporting goods as medical devices.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: June 12, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: health care;taxes
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: The tax is not hidden. It does not apply to consumer products. The emailer’s "proof" of the  that it does is actually, at best, an erroneous interpretation of an IRS posting on other excise taxes. Finally, Cabela’s told the Star-Herald that its charge was the erroneous result of a software "glitch," and the money would be refunded. The email is not accurate, and its preposterous  that fishing tackle, tires and gas-guzzling cars are classified as "medical devices" puts it in another category: !
Statement: Says Albert Einstein said, "Evil is the result of what happens when man does not have God's love present in his heart.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 19, 2017
Topics: religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The newspaper quotes Nick Spencer, a fellow at a Christian think tank called Theos, who said: "Einstein offers scant consolation to either party in this debate. His cosmic religion and distant deistic God fits neither the agenda of religious believers or that of tribal atheists. As so often during his life, he refused and disturbed the accepted categories. We do the great physicist a disservice when we go to him to legitimize our belief in God or in his absence. We rate the claims in these Facebook posts as .
Statement: Data shows that vehicle break-in is the No. 1 crime in the city, but also the No. 1 crime in the South Side Flats, and it's closely followed by assault.
Speaker: bruce kraus
About the speaker: Bruce Kraus is the president of the Pittsburgh City Council. He represents the city's District 3.
Date: March 22, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: public safety;transportation
Context: an interview with The Incline
Fact-check justification: When theft is split into "theft from auto" and "other theft," vehicle break-ins fall to the fourth most common crime across the city and No. 5 in the South Side Flats. That split also makes simple and aggravated assaults the most common crime in the neighborhood for 2015. The councilmember would have been on firm ground if he had said theft — the category vehicle break-ins falls into — was the most common crime in the city and South Side Flats. When looking at the overall theft category and combining the two assault categories, theft does become the most common crime ,  and Kraus also would be correct that the second most common crime in the Flats is assault. We rule the  .
Statement: When people enter the service, there's not a mental health evaluation.
Speaker: michael mccaul
About the speaker: Michael McCaul was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004.
Date: April 6, 2014
Location: national
Topics: health care;military
Context: comments on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: McCaul said "there's not a mental health evaluation when people enter the service." Compared to the physical medical examination potential enlistees go through, there is no separate, specific examination of a recruit’s mental health. While the armed services review past medical records for a history of mental health issues and allow for the applicant to offer any additional information, it has not prevented a sizable number of individuals with mental health problems from acceptance. Lawmakers and military officials can debate what steps should or should not be taken, but we can’t find any flaw in McCaul’s characterization of the current procedures. We rate it .
Statement: Says Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said, "We need to repeal Daylight Savings Time as a primary measure to decrease the rate of climate change. Less hours of sun shine equal less heat hitting Earth's surface.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 30, 2019
Topics: climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: U.S. Sens. Marco Rubio and Rick Scott, for instance, recently introduced legislation that would make daylight saving time permanent across the country. Ocasio-Cortez, meanwhile, tweeted about daylight saving time on March 8. "PSA," she wrote, "Daylight Savings is this weekend!" She was retweeting the New York City mayor’s office, which reminded people that clocks skip ahead an hour and said : "We’re looking FORWARD to more sunshine in the evenings!" We rate this Facebook post as !
Statement: In New York State, Democrats blocked a Bill expanding College Tuition for Gold Star families after approving aid for illegal immigrants.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 12, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: education;military;state budget
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted that Democrats blocked a bill expanding college tuition for Gold Star families after approving aid for illegal immigrants. On April 9, Democrats in the Assembly’s Higher Education Committee voted 15-11 in favor of holding a bill to expand benefits for certain military families for consideration, as the committee had done several times before, effectively ending its progression to becoming law. Trump said "Gold Star families," though there is no official federal definition, according to the Department of Defense. Democrats also approved college tuition assistance for undocumented immigrants during the current legislative session and as part of the budget , which was approved April 1. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: D.A.R.E. removed cannabis from its list of gateway drugs.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 24, 2019
Topics: drugs;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: That  seems to stem from a 2016 Reddit post about a page on D.A.R.E.’s website discussing gateways. The page has since been removed, but an archived snapshot of the website reveals that cannabis was not given the same attention as tobacco and alcohol. The problem is that cached versions of the page from as early as 2013 also don’t highlight marijuana as a gateway drug. Though it’s unclear if cannabis ever appeared on the page, D.A.R.E. says it was not removed from any gateway drug list and today it still considers marijuana a dangerous drug for youth. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says Alex Sink "failed Florida homeowners by using predatory lending practices.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: October 31, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: corporations
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: The Republican Party of Florida accused Sink of having "failed Florida homeowners by using predatory lending practices," citing the subprime lending practices of Bank of America’s NationsCredit and EquiCredit during her time as the bank’s Florida president. The EquiCredit problems were a nationwide issue, though, not just in the Sunshine State. And EquiCredit used brokers to sell their products, not Bank of America Florida employees. Sink would have had no control over that. The video also seems to imply Sink was somehow responsible for the precipitous loss in property values since 2008, but that timeline doesn’t match up, either. There doesn’t seem to be much of anything at all to tie Sink with EquiCredit, other than they both answered to Bank of America HQ in Charlotte. The Florida subsidiary of PolitiFact rates this  .
Statement: Congressman Paul introduces numerous pieces of substantive legislation each year, probably more than any single member of Congress.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: September 17, 2007
Location: national
Context: a statement on his campaign Web site
Fact-check justification: Indeed, he's introduced substantive bills such as the Sanctity of Life Act, which fixes the beginning of life at conception; a constitutional amendment to deny citizenship to children of illegal immigrants; and a constitutional amendment with the effect of abolishing income, state and gift taxes. But in the last Congress, he was far short of being the most prolific bill-writer. He was 25th overall in the number of bills introduced, with 71 bills, 66 of which could be called substantive. We give Robert E. Andrews, D-N.J., the prize for most substantive bills in the 109th. He introduced 128, 119 of them that were substantive.
Statement: The immigration bill "has a specific provision that says that Secretary Napolitano does not have to build any fence if she chooses not to.
Speaker: jeff sessions
About the speaker: Jeff Sessions is President Donald Trump's Attorney General. He was previously a U.S. Senator from Alabama.
 
Date: June 27, 2013
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview on CBS’ “Face the Nation”
Fact-check justification: Sessions said the immigration bill "has a specific provision that says that Secretary Napolitano does not have to build any fence if she chooses not to." His press secretary pointed to an "opt-out" provision in the bill. But it would take a dramatic leap of legal interpretation to argue that provision allows Napolitano to skip fence-building altogether. Legal experts we spoke to said, instead, it gives her discretion about where to build border fencing. We rate Sessions’  .
Statement: Of the 14 wealthy OECD countries with a wealth tax in 1996, 10 have since then abandoned it.
Speaker: joel griffith
About the speaker: Joel Griffith is a research associate at the Heritage Foundation.
Date: April 28, 2019
Topics: taxes;punditfact
Context: an op-ed on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Griffith said that "of the 14 wealthy OECD countries with a wealth tax in 1996, 10 have since then abandoned it." We found there are different ways to consider wealth taxes, and Griffith used the strictest one based on dated information. We found that either 12 or 13 countries had a wealth tax in 1996, and nine ended their taxes since then. Today, six or seven European nations have some form of a wealth taxes, either broad ones or narrow ones. The meaning of the European experience from two decades ago is debatable, but that’s not the basis for our ruling. We looked only at the countries and their tax laws. The numbers in the statement are off. European countries did move away from the wealth taxes, but not quite to the extent stated in the op-ed. We rate this  .
Statement: Supreme Court FINALLY signs VERDICT to IMPEACH Speaker Pelosi as Hunter's Laptop IMPLICATES her.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 20, 2022
Location: national
Topics: congress;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook video claims the U.S. Supreme Court is impeaching House Speaker Nancy Pelosi. The Supreme Court does not have the power to impeach federal officials; only the House has the ability. The video features several unrelated clips of politicians and provides no  to back up its . We rate this !
Statement: Expanding Medicaid would create 63k jobs.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: July 2, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: health care;medicaid;poverty
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Crist said, "Expanding Medicaid would create 63k jobs." A study released by the White House said federal dollars that Florida would have gotten to expand Medicaid would create 63,800 jobs between 2014 and 2017. Most of the health care experts we interviewed agreed that injecting billions of federal dollars into Florida for Medicaid would spark some job growth, but it’s difficult to pinpoint a number, particularly as there are other changes in the health care landscape. Other studies have found numbers as high as 120,000 and as low as 10,000. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Gov. Scott Walker said "no to equal pay for equal work for women.
Speaker: tom barrett
About the speaker: Tom Barrett served as the 44th mayor of Milwaukee from 2004 until 2021. The mayoral position is non-partisan. A member of the Democratic Party, he was previously elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly (1984–1989), Wisconsin Senate (1989–1993) and U.S. House of Representatives (1993–2003).
Barrett lost bids for governor in 2002, 2010 and in the 2012 recall race against Gov. Scott Walker. He was sworn in as U.S. ambassador to Luxembourg on Dec. 23, 2021.
Date: May 10, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs;legal issues;message machine 2012;women;workers
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Our rating Barrett said Walker says "no to equal pay for equal work for women," suggesting Walker doesn’t want women to be paid the same as men for doing the same job, or that he has taken steps to ensure unequal pay. Walker signed a law that removes one of the legal avenues women had to fight discrimination in pay. But such discrimination remains illegal and women who believe they are paid less because of their gender still have three options for pursuing their claims. We rate Barrett’s  . (You may comment on this item on the Journal Sentinel's web page )
Statement: Says Donald Trump "wants us to pull out of NATO.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: March 21, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;foreign policy;military
Context: a campaign speech
Fact-check justification: But even that is short of Trump saying he wants to pull the United States out of NATO. Our rating Clinton says Donald Trump "wants us to pull out of NATO." Trump certainly has opened the door to that possibility, suggesting that if reforms aren’t made to mission and cost sharing, he might consider pulling the United States out of the organization.  But he hasn’t gone to say he wants to pull the United States out. We rate Clinton’s statement .
Statement: Says the photo ID law passed by North Carolina lawmakers is "one of the nation's most lenient voter ID laws.
Speaker: tim moore
About the speaker: Tim Moore is a Republican from Cleveland County and the speaker of the N.C. House of Representatives.
Date: December 27, 2019
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections;voter id laws
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Moore described the law as "one of the nation’s most lenient voter ID laws – which 34 states already have." This is  because it gives the impression that 34 other states have photo ID laws like North Carolina’s. But that’s not .  North Carolina’s law is lenient compared to other states that require photo IDs. But not compared to the 18 states that don’t require photo IDs.  Moore’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says middle class taxpayers "subsidize Walmart's horrendously low wages to the tune of at least $6.2 billion every year.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: November 15, 2018
Location: vermont
Topics: economy;income;jobs;medicaid
Context: Tweet announcing new bill
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "Middle class taxpayers should not have to subsidize Walmart’s horrendously low wages to the tune of at least $6.2 billion every year." Sanders is using old numbers that appear to be suspect from the beginning. But there's no updated research that we could find.  There is an element of  in that some Walmart employees offset their wages with public assistance programs. And given the size of Walmart’s workforce it could very well add up to billions of dollars. Sanders also added a class element that wasn't in the initial research, claiming that the $6.2 billion in taxes came only from the "middle class," which seems to be political flourish not grounded in facts. We rate this  .