chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Claire McCaskill "even said this about private planes, 'that normal people can afford it.'
Speaker: senate leadership fund
About the speaker: Senate Leadership Fund is a Super PAC with the stated goal to "protect and expand the Republican Senate Majority." 
Date: October 16, 2018
Location: missouri
Topics: candidate biography;corrections and updates
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The Senate Leadership Fund says McCaskill "even said this about private planes, ‘that normal people can afford it.’" She said those words, but the footage in the ad leaves out both the lead-in comment that prompted McCaskill’s remark and the laughter that followed it. The full footage makes it clear that McCaskill was wrapping up a policy-heavy debate with a private-aviation manager and with a riff using the airport manager’s words. In context, he was referring to "normal" users of private planes, as opposed to "normal" Americans more generally. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Iran has "violated the terms of the (nuclear) deal.
Speaker: karen handel
About the speaker: Karen Handel is the former secretary of state of Georgia. She is also the former chair of the Fulton County Board of Commissioners. Handel, a Republican, lost the runoff for the GOP nomination for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: June 8, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: homeland security;nuclear
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: The IAEA, the foremost authority on the matter, has repeatedly deemed Iran in compliance with the nuclear deal. The State Department has also certified the Islamic Republic is holding up its end of the bargain, and a host of experts affirmed these definitive findings. However, the IAEA did report two instances where Iran  -- and briefly -- exceeded its supply of a nuclear reactor component known as "heavy water."    But experts said this minor breach posed no practical risk of moving Iran closer to developing a nuclear weapon, and added that such infractions should not be interpreted to mean Iran has not complied with terms of the deal. We rate Handel’s statement .
Statement: After the debate that we had last week, PolitiFact came out and said that everything I said was true.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: December 15, 2011
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Sioux City, Iowa
Fact-check justification: During the Sioux City debate, Bachmann said that "after the debate that we had last week, PolitiFact came out and said that everything I said was ." That’s simply not the case. We rated two statements by Bachmann from that debate and ruled one of them  and the other one . So for claiming she had a perfect record, she earns another .
Statement: Says a trash mound on U.S. 290 is 800 feet tall.
Speaker: richard franklin iii
About the speaker: Former Del Valle school board member who unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for a seat on the Travis County Commission in 2012.
Date: November 29, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: environment;county government
Context: an address to the Central Texas Democratic Forum
Fact-check justification: We got back in touch with Franklin, who said it matters to him how tall the pile is compared to sea level. "It’s 800 feet above sea level, with a hundred-foot mound of trash that you can actually see," Franklin said. To evaluate the statement itself, let’s look at the words again: "There’s a trash mound on (U.S.) 290 that’s 800 feet tall." That’s close to right when comparing the top of the pile to sea level, but we think it’s more reasonable to judge the view from ground level -- and that’s where the statement is way off. We rate Franklin’s  .
Statement: Video shows man upset because he was added to the no-fly list for storming the Capitol.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 10, 2021
Topics: corrections and updates;elections;facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: And second, if the man had been added to the no-fly list — a decision that’s made by the FBI and enforced by TSA — it doesn’t make sense that he would have made it to the boarding area, where this video was taken.   If someone is on the no-fly list, they can’t even get a boarding pass, which means he wouldn’t have made it to the gate. We rate this post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: The commercial property tax [in Providence] is second highest in the country behind Detroit.
Speaker: lincoln chafee
About the speaker: Lincoln Chafee is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He served one four-year term as Rhode Island's governor, beginning on Jan. 4, 2011. He was the first Independent to be elected to that office. He subsequently became a Democrat. As a Republican, he served as mayor of Warwick from 1992 to 1999, when he was appointed to the U.S. Senate following the death of his father, Sen. John H. Chafee. He was elected to a full Senate term in 2000. He is married with three children. In April 2015 he formed an exploratory committee to consider running for President.
Date: February 3, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: city budget;economy;taxes
Context: a news show
Fact-check justification: Chafee said that Providence has the second-highest commercial property tax in the nation , citing a City of  Providence report that cites the Minnesota report. Neither report makes that definitive . But the Minnesota report does say Providence is second highest in its comparison of 53 cities. And if Providence were included in comparisons of the nation’s largest cities, it would also rank second. A Tax Foundation study ranks Providence third for commercial property taxes by one measurement, but different ways of comparing tax burdens could account for the difference. It’s possible there are other cities with higher commercial property taxes, but we couldn’t find any. Although Chafee went a step too far in saying definitively that Providence’s commercial property tax is the second-highest in the country, there is ample  to support his statement and little that contradicts it. We rate the  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: For every $10,000 invested in business incubators, up to nearly 70 local jobs are generated.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: February 22, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a newspaper column
Fact-check justification: The study’s findings support Brown’s claims of "nearly 70 local jobs" generated per $10,000 EDA investment in business incubators. The exact range is 46.3 to 69.4 jobs per $10,000, which far out-distances jobs generated by other federal projects such as commercial structures (9.6 to 13.4 jobs generated), roads and other transportation (4.4 to 7.8), industrial park structures (5 to 7.3) and community infrastructure (1.5 to 3.4). The study concludes that money spent on business incubators appears to have the largest correlation with future economic growth. "In this context, it can be seen that EDA’s strategic emphasis over the last several years of entrepreneurship makes sense in terms of its jobs figures." On the -O-Meter, we rate Brown’s  as .
Statement: More people in this country have seen UFOs than I think approve of George Bush's presidency.
Speaker: dennis kucinich
About the speaker: Dennis Kucinich is running in the Democratic primary for governor of Ohio in 2018. Kucinich was elected to Congress in 1996. He previously served as a member of the city council and as mayor in Cleveland, the city where he was born in 1946. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Case Western University. He has been married since 2005 to Elizabeth Harper. He was married twice before and has one child. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 25, 2008.
Date: October 30, 2007
Location: national
Topics: bush administration
Context: Philadelphia, Pa
Fact-check justification: The poll found 14 percent said they had seen a UFO themselves, and 34 percent said they "believed in" UFOs. We'll take the 14 percent of the people at their word that they did indeed see strange flying objects with no everyday explanation. But that's still a good 16 to 21 points below George Bush's approval ratings, which have hovered in the 30 to 35 percent range in 2007. Kucinich would have been accurate if he had said "More people BELIEVE in UFOs than approve of Bush's presidency." But because he said it the way he did, we find his  to be .
Statement: Recently Rick Scott "closed 30 women's health care centers across the state.
Speaker: lois frankel
About the speaker: Lois Frankel is a former state legislator and West Palm Beach mayor who won her first seat for Congressional District 22 in Broward/Palm Beach in 2012.
Date: September 12, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: health care;state budget;women
Context: a fundraising email
Fact-check justification: In a fundraising email sent out by the Crist campaign, Frankel wrote that Scott "closed 30 women’s health care centers around the state." Crist’s campaign said that the email should have said that Scott cut money for rape crisis centers, but even that smaller  isn’t accurate. More importantly, the statement that Scott closed 30 health centers is completely . We rate this  !
Statement: Says Joe Biden said, "I lived in Section 8 housing as a little boy.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 18, 2020
Topics: candidate biography;housing;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In the meantime, though, "we lived in an apartment," Biden said, "which became Section 8 housing much later." Biden then says, "It wasn’t — it was just normal apartments. "  He didn’t  to live in Section 8 housing, a program that was authorized by Congress in 1974 to provide rental subsidies for eligible Americans. Biden would have been about 32 in 1974. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: In our community college system (state) cuts have reduced funding per student by $1,908.
Speaker: terry mcauliffe
About the speaker: Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat, was elected governor of Virginia on Nov. 5, 2013. He received 47.8 percent of the vote in defeating Republican Ken Cuccinelli, who came in at 45.2 percent. Robert Sarvis, a Libertarian, finished a distant third with 6.5 percent.
McAuliffe's inaguration as Virginia's 72nd governor is scheduled on Jan. 11, 2014.
McAuliffe, a wealthy businessman and noted political fundraiser, was co-chairman of President Bill Clinton's 1996 reelection campaign. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2005 and chairman of Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, McAuliffe unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Virginia governor.
McAuliffe was born in Syracuse, N.Y., on Feb. 9, 1957. He has a bachelor's degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. McAuliffe has lived in Fairfax County for more than 20 years, is married and has five children.
 
Date: May 6, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a website post
Fact-check justification: McAuliffe said budget cuts reduced state spending per in-state community college student by $1,908 between 2008 and 2012. There are mistakes in his calculation that inflate his figure. The actual decline was just shy of $1,700 per student. McAuliffe’s statement attributed the reduction to state budget cuts. That’s a plausible contention because the General Assembly, combating an economic turndown, slashed community college funding by 15 percent during the years in question. But that’s not the entire story. What McAuliffe didn’t mention is that the budget cuts were compounded by a 27 percent increase in enrollment in community colleges and those two events combined to cause the steep drop in per-student funding. So McAuliffe’s statement needs clarifications but his gist -- that during an era of budget cutting, state funding per community college student significantly shrank -- holds up. We rate his  .
Statement: There are, literally, two pharmaceutical lobbyists for every member of Congress.
Speaker: amy klobuchar
About the speaker: Amy Klobuchar is a senator from Minnesota. Klobuchar was elected as senator in 2006 and re-elected in 2012 and 2018. Klobuchar received a bachelor’s degree in political science from Yale University and a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School. In 2019, she announced she was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 2, 2020.
Date: July 15, 2019
Topics: health care;health check
Context: comments made at an AARP-sponsored Democratic presidential primary candidate forum
Fact-check justification: Klobuchar said: "There are, literally, two pharmaceutical lobbyists for every member of Congress."    We found that there are more than twice as many pharma lobbyists per member of Congress if one looks at the broader category that includes representatives of health products, but only 1.5 per member if the comparison is restricted only to those lobbying for drug companies. We rate her statement as .
Statement: The top 1 percent pay 45 percent of all taxes in the country.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: October 14, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: taxes
Context: Concord, New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Bush said, "the top 1 percent pay 45 percent of all taxes in the country." Bush was answering a question about taxable income, the progressivity of our tax system and closing loopholes for the rich. So part of the question he faced related to income taxes. And part of his answer related to income taxes, because he talked about his own plan for income tax cuts. But Bush could have been more specific in his reply. The 45 percent number applies to federal income taxes, not all taxes. Bush spoke generically about "all taxes," so if we look at all federal taxes, the share for the top 1 percent was 27.9 percent. We rate this  .
Statement: FEC charges (Beto O'Rourke's 2018 campaign) Illegal Campaign Contributions.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 14, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post presented several claims regarding O'Rourke, including that in 2018 "FEC charges Illegal Campaign Contributions." An FEC spokesperson said the commission has civil, not criminal, jurisdiction and does not "charge" campaigns or candidates in its enforcement. The O'Rourke campaign refunded most of the contributions at issue, albeit late, and refunded $200 while in negotiations for a settlement with the FEC. Beto for Texas paid a civil penalty of $5,900 in June 2021. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: I recently had the opportunity to vote to give the president limited authority to begin strikes against terrorists in Iraq and Syria.
Speaker: bruce braley
About the speaker: a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives representing Iowa
Date: September 28, 2014
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military;terrorism
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Braley said, "I recently had the opportunity to vote to give the president limited authority to begin strikes against terrorists in Iraq and Syria." Braley did cast votes recently on U.S. policy in Syria and Iraq, but they concerned supplying and assisting the Syrian rebels -- not whether to give the president the authority to launch strikes. Some have even criticized Congress for not directly voting to authorize strikes. We rate Braley's  .
Statement: U.S. Census Bureau confirms huge conflict in total number of voters in 2020 election.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 9, 2021
Topics: census;facebook fact-checks
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: But more than 36 million — roughly 36,404,000 — didn’t indicate whether they voted or not. That group included people who were either not asked if they voted, those who responded "Don’t Know" and those who refused to answer, according to the Census Bureau. So while the posts spreading online are highlighting a difference of about 4 million between the people who reported they voted and the more than 158,400,000 ballots cast for president in November , these numbers cited don’t tell the whole story, because we don’t know the actions of more than 36 million people who didn’t tell the Census whether they voted or not. To say that the Census Bureau has confirmed a huge discrepancy in the total number of voters in the 2020 election and ballots cast is just .   We rate this  .
Statement: Trump vows to end winter heating assistance for elderly and disabled.
Speaker: democrats rising
About the speaker: Democrats Rising is a website that is critical of President Donald Trump.
Date: November 26, 2017
Topics: congress;fake news;federal budget;poverty;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Democrats Rising said that "Trump vows to end winter heating assistance for elderly and disabled." There is a kernel of  in that headline, because Trump’s budget blueprint in March proposed eliminating LIHEAP. But Democrats Rising omits the final outcome: amid pushback from a bipartisan group of senators, the heating assistance program continued. In October, the federal government released $3 billion for the program. We rate this statement .
Statement: Trump signed a bill "to clean millions of tons of garbage from world's oceans.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 30, 2019
Topics: environment;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: There are millions of tons of garbage in the world’s oceans and President Donald Trump signed a bill reauthorizing a program aimed in part at removing marine debris. But the law doesn’t mandate removing a certain amount of garbage from the water. We rate this  .
Statement: New York State has been horribly, horribly hurt by NAFTA
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 15, 2016
Location: new york
Topics: trade
Context: an interview on Live From the State Capitol
Fact-check justification: During a radio interview, Trump said "New York State has been horribly, horribly hurt by NAFTA." Manufacturing jobs have declined in New York State and the United States since before NAFTA was established in 1994. Experts blame the decline on several factors, like increased trade with China, automation and economic incentives for businesses to move manufacturing to other countries. Trade has played a significant role in the decline of manufacturing in New York State, but NAFTA isn’t the main cause, experts say. We rate this  as .
Statement: Black men arrested In Philadelphia Starbucks settle for $2 million
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 2, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: "Taking $1 dollar settlements each, Rashon Nelson and Donte Robinson will help spearhead a $200,000 grant program designed to aid young entrepreneurs like themselves." As of early afternoon May 4, the headline said the settlement was for $2 million. It has since been amended to say it was for $2. While The Rickey Smiley Morning Show has updated its headline, the original version claimed the settlement was for $2 million, not $2. We rate the headline .
Statement: President Trump just announced that the 'biological' lab in Wuhan where the COVID-19 virus was created was 'funded' by President Barak (sp) Hussein Obama in 2015 to the tune of $3,800,000 American dollars!
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 22, 2020
Location: national
Topics: china;public health;science;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said Trump announced that a lab in Wuhan where the COVID-19 virus "was created" received $3.8 million under the Obama administration. A reader would see this  and assume millions of U.S. tax dollars were used to create the virus that leads to COVID-19. That isn’t the case. Trump didn’t make this announcement. He was responding to a reporter’s question. The best  so far says the virus was not created in a lab. The money that went to the lab was about 85% less than what the post said. We rate this  .
Statement: Buzz Aldrin admitted that the moon landing "didn't happen.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 4, 2022
Topics: space;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The talk in the video does touch on a fraught moment for Aldrin. Someone in the audience asks about the "circuit breaker," reminding Aldrin of when he and Armstrong, after their moonwalk, discovered a circuit breaker switch had broken off their lunar module.   In his 2010 book, "Magnificent Desolation: The Long Journey Home from the Moon," Aldrin recalled that he "jolted a bit" when he saw the switch had broken, and that he "gulped hard" upon realizing that it had "snapped off from the engine-arm circuit breaker, the one vital breaker needed to send electrical power to the ascent engine that would lift Neil and me off the moon. "  Aldrin didn’t say the moon landing didn’t happen. We rate that  .