chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says "Iraq has been overrun by ISIS because Hillary Clinton failed to renegotiate . . . a status of forces agreement.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: October 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: iraq;foreign policy;military;terrorism
Context: the 2016 Vice Presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Pence said Clinton failed to negotiate a status of forces agreement with Iraq. It is accurate to say that negotiations failed. However, the  suffers from a number of flaws. It puts too much emphasis on Clinton’s role, when the key decisions and discussions took place between the White House itself and Iraqi leaders. The Obama administration wanted to insulate American troops from legal action in Iraq. That was a political minefield in Iraq. While there is room for debate on whether American negotiators could have found a way around that problem, there is no reason to believe the administration simply walked away from a deal to keep U.S. troops in Iraq. The  has an element of , but it leaves out much key information that would give a different impression. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/e0674d59-28b4-4206-af4a-35dc9368b0ed
Statement: We lowered the business tax from 4 percent down to 1 percent.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: January 14, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: corporations;economy;small business;taxes
Context: a Republican gubernatorial debate
Fact-check justification: Because of the property tax reductions, some saw their taxes drop. Others did not. Summing up, Perry was correct when he said the business tax rate was cut. But he failed to point out that the change in the tax base essentially transformed the franchise tax into a new levy, one that generated more money from businesses. In our book, an otherwise accurate statement that leaves out important details or takes things out of context is .
Statement: In Texas, "we've had three ISIS-related incidents already.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: November 17, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;criminal justice;islam
Context: Network TV interview
Fact-check justification: In his opposition to resettlement of Syrian refugees in Texas, Gov. Greg Abbott said he was concerned about potential terrorism from devotees to the Islamic State. In Texas, Abbott said, "we've had three ISIS-related incidents already." Abbott is on solid ground with one Islamic State-related incident — the Garland shooting plot. In other Texas arrests related to the group, he uses the term "incident" to cover things including lying about a tweet and trying to travel to Syria. We rate this statement .    – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Climate change is "dictated by solar activity and the moon" and has "nothing to do with mankind.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 13, 2022
Topics: climate change;science;weather;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post says climate change is "dictated by solar activity and the moon" and has "nothing to do with mankind." Scientists found that the sun and moon do affect Earth’s climate, but their influence is small and does not account for the rapid planetary climate changes of the last several decades.  An overwhelming number of scientists and scientific organizations agree that human activity significantly affects climate change. We rate this  .
Statement: Dead people also voted.
Speaker: claudia tenney
About the speaker: Claudia Tenney is a member of Congress from New York's 22nd district. She represents the area stretching from Utica to Binghamton.
Date: December 8, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: elections
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: Tenney wrote "Dead people also voted" when retweeting a  implying that something "fishy" is going on in ballot-counting in New York.  It is accurate that living people cast ballots and died before Election Day, according to several election commissioners across the district’s eight counties. Ballots from these known individuals are not part of a board’s vote tally.  In the case of a single ballot in Madison County set aside because election officials found an obituary causing them to believe the voter died, Brindisi’s campaign is asking that a death certificate be produced before that ballot is disregarded from the count. It will be up to the court to decide whether to count that ballot.  It is possible that boards of election do not catch every instance of a voter dying after they cast their ballot but before Election Day. In addition, voters who vote early on machines at polling places and die before Election Day have their votes counted. It’s unclear how often this happened in this race, if it happened at all.   But Tenney offers no proof that anyone used the identities of dead people to cast fraudulent votes, or that ballots cast by voters who died before Election Day are included in the tally. Photos of unfilled ballots are not  of voter fraud. The court is dealing with other problems related to timely and accurate ballot counting. Dead people voting isn't one of them.  We rate Tenney’s  !
Statement: The deaths at the Astroworld festival were part of a satanic ritual.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 7, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: On Nov. 6, Scott tweeted that he was "devastated" by what took place on Nov. 5. A Houston native, Scott launched the festival in 2018 and named it for his album " Astroworld ." He has been known to weave religious themes into his work , including collaborating with Kanye West on Christian rap. "My prayers go out to the families and all those impacted by what happened at Astroworld Festival," Scott said in his statement . We rate this post .
Statement: Bruce Ohr's wife, Nellie Ohr, worked for Fusion GPS – which was the firm hired by the Clinton campaign to write the dossier. Bruce Ohr gave the dossier to the FBI. The FBI then used the same dossier to spy on the Trump campaign.
Speaker: mark meadows
About the speaker: Mark Meadows is a North Carolina Republican member of the United States Congress.
Date: August 31, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: legal issues
Fact-check justification: In an email newsletter, Meadows said Nellie Ohr worked for Fusion GPS, the Clinton campaign funded the Steele dossier, Bruce Ohr handed the dossier to the FBI, and the FBI used the dossier to spy on the Trump campaign. Meadows is correct that Nellie Ohr worked for Fusion GPS and that the Clinton campaign hired the firm to continue researching Trump. He is also right that Bruce Ohr provided the FBI a copy of the dossier. But the FBI received the dossier from multiple sources. And it is not entirely accurate to say the FBI used the dossier to spy on the Trump campaign since Page left the campaign in September 2016. The FBI relied in part on the dossier to secure a warrant to monitor Page, but the dossier was not the sole basis for the wiretap — and the wiretap was authorized in court. New details could emerge if further documents related to the wiretap are disclosed. But based on what we know now, we rate this statement .  This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide.
Statement: The wages of about 60,562 state and local government employees would be affected if the minimum wage is increased to $10.10 in Georgia, for a combined cost to taxpayers of more than $164 million annually.
Speaker: georgia restaurant association
About the speaker: Georgia Restaurant Association
Date: June 25, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: economy
Context: a study
Fact-check justification: We also know the projections are at least somewhat off because Atlanta workers already work for $10 an hour at minimum. And no one can forecast how local governments would respond -- they could cut jobs to fund a wage increase. There is some  to the statement. But a lot of context is missing. That’s PolitiFact’s definition of .
Statement: Florida election officials' requests to some residents to submit proof of citizenship is a "backdoor poll tax.
Speaker: alcee hastings
About the speaker: Alcee L. Hastings is a Congressman for Florida's District 20, which includes parts of Broward and Palm Beach counties. Hastings, a former federal judge, was first elected in 1992.
Date: May 29, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: immigration;elections;poverty
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: After Broward residents received letters asking them to submit documentation proving their citizenship in order to vote, Hastings described it as a "backdoor poll tax" because they had to buy a stamp to mail in the documents. Hastings is correct that there are some similarities between the poll tax and Florida’s recent search for noncitizen voters. The most important similarity is that minorities in both cases were disproportionately affected. And in both cases, it added costs and burdens to vote.   "Any effort to introduce an election procedure that requires some voters to incur financial costs could be thought of as a metaphoric or perhaps real poll tax," Keyssar said. But there are some important differences including that the poll tax had a far more widespread effect than Florida’s search for noncitizen voters. While poor black sharecroppers couldn’t afford the poll tax, the issue for some of the Florida voters may be more of the inconvenience than the expense. We rate this  .
Statement: Twenty million Americans are out of work.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: February 27, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Kasich’s ad said that "20 million Americans are out of work." The Kasich campaign shrewdly cites a past PolitiFact item as  for this larger-than-usual estimate of America’s "out of work" population. But it’s worth noting that the calculation we did was not intended to determine the actual number of out-of-work Americans, but rather to suggest the highest figure with any sort of credibility as a way of seeing how far out of line Trump’s assertion was. The statement is partially accurate but takes things out of context, so we rate it .
Statement: Obama's budget plan would "take national debt up to about 80 percent of gross national product. ... Historically, it's been about 40 percent.
Speaker: judd gregg
About the speaker: Judd Gregg is a former U.S. senator from New Hampshire and was also briefly President Barack Obama’s nominee to head the Department of Commerce.
Date: March 25, 2009
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: a Fox News interview
Fact-check justification: Jonathan DeWald, a spokesman for the Concord Coalition, a nonpartisan organization that specializes in analysis of budget deficits, also cautioned that as interest rates increase in coming years, interest payments on the growing national debt will continue to eat up more and more of the overall budget. Obama has warned not to place too much stock in the "out years" of budget projections because "none of us know exactly what's going to happen six or eight or 10 years from now." And Obama has said that making investments today in education, health care and energy will pay off down the road with a stronger economy, which presumably would create a better debt-to-GDP ratio. Gregg is on solid ground, relying on projections from the CBO, a highly respected, nonpartisan arm of Congress, about the long-term debt-to-GDP ratios. We rate his statement .
Statement: Claims to show a photo of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez with her legs spread.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 15, 2019
Topics: candidate biography;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: On the TV screen behind the pair is then-President George W. Bush giving an address to the nation from New Orleans on Sept. 15, 2005, in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Ocasio-Cortez was born on Oct. 13, 1989 . That means that unless they were watching a recording of Bush’s speech years later, she’s supposed to be 15 years old in the picture. But the alleged photo of Ocasio-Cortez looks contemporary.   We rate this post .
Statement: My opponent is endorsed by Citizens United.
Speaker: claire mccaskill
About the speaker: Claire McCaskill is a Democrat and a U.S. Senator from Missouri.
Date: September 10, 2018
Location: missouri
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a Q&A at Truman State University
Fact-check justification: McCaskill said, "My opponent is endorsed by Citizens United." Campaign donations and writing from the group’s president confirm the statement. We rate the statement .
Statement: When Tim Kaine was governor, spending soared, blowing holes in the budget every year.
Speaker: crossroads gps
About the speaker: Crossroads GPS is a conservative advocacy group founded by prominent Republicans, including former White House political adviser Karl Rove.
Date: August 8, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: message machine 2012;state budget
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Crossroads said, "When Tim Kaine was governor, spending soared, blowing holes in the budget every year." Let’s sum up our two-part test for fact-checking this : 1. Did spending soar under Kaine? The total state budget went up by $5.9 billion during Kaine’s term, representing an 18.4 percent increase increase in raw dollars and 9 percent rise adjusted for inflation. Kaine had little control over the growth, which was largely the result of increases in federal grants, college tuition and fees charged by state hospitals. Overall spending did increase under Kaine; whether it "soared" is a matter of opinion. The total budget under Kaine increased at half the average rate of the six governors who preceded him. 2. Did spending growth cause the shortfalls? The answer is no. All of the budget growth occurred in the non-general fund and were largely the result of actions by the federal government and state universities. All of the shortfalls occurred  in the general fund that depends on a separate set of revenues to pay for public education, public safety and health programs. Lower-than-expected receipts from Virginia’s sales and income taxes blew holes in the general fund -- a blight that afflicted all but a few states at the end of the recession. Virginia’s general fund decreased during Kaine’s term. So there is an element of  in the first part of the statement. But Crossroads fails to establish a critical link between the spending increase and the revenue deficits. As a result, the  is  and we rate it .
Statement: We had no domestic attacks under Bush.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: January 8, 2010
Location: national
Topics: homeland security;terrorism
Context: an interview on 'Good Morning America'
Fact-check justification: Giuliani ran a presidential campaign based on the leadership he showed after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. We would expect him to at least acknowledge that those attacks occurred while George W. Bush was president. But even considering that he was talking post-9/11, Giuliani is just plain  to suggest no terrorist attacks happened under Bush's watch. The clarifications added by a Giuliani spokesman are threaded so thin, it sounds like damage control more than anything. We say !
Statement: Says no elections protest was filed, McCready conceded and "every" county board certified its results from the Mark Harris, Dan McCready race.
Speaker: dallas woodhouse
About the speaker: Dallas Woodhouse is the executive director of the North Carolina Republican Party.
Date: December 8, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Woodhouse tweeted that no elections protest was filed, McCready conceded and "every" county board certified its results in North Carolina’s 9th Congressional District. He’s right that no protest was filed and that McCready conceded — albeit before concerns of voting irregularities arose. But he’s not quite accurate about the results being certified. It’s important to note that when it comes to the state election board’s investigation, none of Woodhouse’s claims are relevant. State law doesn’t require the board to consider any of those points. However, his statement meets  PolitiFact criteria  for . It’s accurate but needs clarification or additional information.
Statement: Says truck drivers are being turned away from fast-food restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 20, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Social media posts  truck drivers are being turned away from fast-food restaurants with shuttered dining rooms since they can’t fit their rigs in drive-thru lanes. This is really happening. It’s worth noting that McDonald’s has responded with a curbside ordering app at some locations to help accommodate truckers. And Wendy’s says they are exploring options.  These reports are accurate but need additional, updated information. We rate them .
Statement: Right now, our corrections department charges taxpayers between $30,000 and $40,000 a year per person we lock up," she said. "That's actually cheap when you compare us to the rest of the country.
Speaker: rebecca kleefisch
About the speaker: Rebecca Kleefisch was the lieutenant governor of Wisconsin from 2011-19 under Gov. Scott Walker. She previously worked as a TV anchor and reporter, most recently with WISN-TV in Milwaukee. Kleefisch was defeated August 9, 2022 in her Republican primary bid for Republican nomination for governor.
 
Date: April 20, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Kleefisch said that the state Department of Corrections "charges taxpayers between $30,000 and $40,000 a year per person we lock up. That's actually cheap, when you compare us to the rest of the country." The annual per-inmate cost from DOC does fall within the range she cited. While Kleefisch labeled Wisconsin as cheap compared to other states, the best available numbers suggest the state, at best, is more in the middle of the pack than close to the bottom. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, our rating is .
Statement: Oil companies "haven't touched" 68 million acres where they already have rights to drill.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 4, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Lansing, MI
Fact-check justification: It's not clear that such a statistic exists and the Obama campaign didn't seem to have it. But Obama's statement, coming from House Democrats, suggests that 'non-producing' acreage where drilling is permitted is land that oil companies are ignoring. That is simply not . Years of exploration and federal permitting must be completed before leased land yields oil or gas. As a result, we find Obama's  to be .
Statement: In Rhode Island, a recent study showed that among a group of people who had been homeless for a year or more, Medicaid costs averaged about $60,000 per person.
Speaker: anne nolan
About the speaker: Anne Nolan is president of Crossroads Rhode Island, which operates the state’s largest homeless shelter.
Date: November 12, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: children;economy;families;federal budget;health care;housing;human rights;income;medicaid;poverty;public health;state budget;urban;veterans;welfare;women;taxes
Context: a Journal commentary
Fact-check justification: Anne Nolan said Rhode Islanders who have been homeless for at least a year cost Medicaid an average of $60,000 per person per year. But the $60,000 cost she cites applied only to the 67 homeless people with the highest medical bills, a major caveat she didn't mention in her commentary. The annual dollar amount for all Medicaid recipients in the study who were homeless for at least a year was $23,650 -- a substantial cost to taxpayers, but far less than what Nolan indicated. Because Nolan's statement makes it sound like it applies to all long-term homeless people on Medicaid when, in fact, it only focuses on the most-expensive subset, we rate it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)