chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: BREAKING: Trump family donates $1 billion to wall fund.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: January 13, 2019
Topics: immigration;fake news;homeland security;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: GoFundMe in a statement said that the specific plan for the use of funds raised on the campaign changed from what was originally stated, and is now giving donors the option to get their money back or to redirect it to a new organization Kolfage created. All told, the Trump family has not donated $1 billion to wall fund. If they had, it would have been reported by legitimate news sources. The story making that  on Top Topic is fabricated. We rate the headline !
Statement: Marco Rubio "wants to raise the Social Security retirement age," and "cut benefits.
Speaker: charlie crist
About the speaker: Charlie Crist lost the race for Florida governor as the Democratic candidate in 2022. He served as a U.S. congressman from St. Petersburg since 2017 and resigned Aug. 31, 2022 to focus on his campaign.  As a Republican, Crist served as governor from 2007 to 2011. Crist left the Republican Party in 2010 to mount a campaign for the U.S. Senate as an independent. Crist lost the race to Marco Rubio. In 2012, he endorsed President Barack Obama and announced that he had registered as a Democrat. He lost his race as a Democratic candidate for governor in 2014.
Date: October 5, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: message machine 2010;social security
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Crist's ad, "Protect" is correct in pointing out that Rubio supports proposals to keep Social Security solvent past 2037 by raising the retirement age and potentially reducing benefits. Rubio says changes are necessary or the Social Security program will go broke, a sentiment shared by the trustees who manage the federal program. But the ad fails to mention that Rubio's proposals would not affect any current retirees, or people nearing retirement (Rubio most often has said people within 10 years of reaching the Social Security retirement age). The ad certainly doesn't convey that half of the story. So, we think it's appropriate to rate this  .
Statement: UN cultural agency removes birthplace of Jesus from its list of heritage sites.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 28, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: When it was removed from the danger list in 2019, the World Heritage Committee based its decision "on the high quality of work carried out on the church in recent years, including restoration of its roof, exterior facades, mosaics and doors." You can search the World Heritage List and see that "Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the nativity and the pilgrimage route, Bethlehem," is still among the more than 1,000 sites. The list also shows what sites have been delisted . There are two: Dresden Elbe Valley in Germany and Arabian Oryx Sanctuary in Oman. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Ninety million Americans either aren't working or aren't looking for work.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 23, 2013
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: various Internet postings
Fact-check justification: Bloggers and pundits have said that 90 million Americans either aren’t working or aren’t looking for work. That’s a real number, but it includes high schoolers, college students and retirement-age Americans, leaving perhaps 20 million a better approximation. We rate the  .
Statement: By law, Democrats gave the superintendent of public instruction, back in 2009, the ability to take over failing schools … The current superintendent has failed to do that.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: May 13, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;states
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: While the law in questions allows the superintendent to order various interventions, it does not have a provision for a complete takeover. A different law allows the local county executive to take action. That process was begun in Milwaukee, but did not advance. In addition, MPS no longer falls into the bottom category of the state's school and district report cards, and therefore no longer qualifies for the interventions under the state law. We rate Walker’s  .
Statement: More than half of last year's U.S. college graduates are unemployed or underemployed.
Speaker: don gaetz
About the speaker: Don Gaetz, R-Niceville, is a Republican state Senator and a former school superintendent.
Date: June 11, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: education;jobs
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: In defending changes to the state’s education system, Gaetz and Weatherford said that "more than half of last year's U.S. college graduates are unemployed or underemployed." To get there, the two relied on articles citing research by the Center for Labor Market Studies at Northeastern University, which found that of recent bachelor’s degree earners -- those under 25 -- 53.6 percent were either jobless or underemployed. There are two factors for us in issuing our rating: 1) How big of a  was it for Gaetz and Weatherford to say "last year’s U.S. college graduates" when the study looked at all bachelor’s degree earners under 25, a time frame that would span beyond 2012? And; 2) How big of a difference is it for Gaetz and Weatherford to use "unemployed" when "jobless" might have been better? On the first question, it’s likely that the statistics would be different by looking just at 2012 graduates compared to a longer period of time (that data isn’t available). On the second, economists we talked to said it’s commonplace for people to interchange "jobless" and "unemployed," though some experts would argue they mean different things. While we don’t quibble with Weatherford and Gaetz using the term unemployed, it’s important to note in this particular context that researchers looked beyond people unable to find work and included people who were not looking for work. That difference in approach changes the figure. After reviewing all the , we think it’s safe to say that the statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. That’s exactly our definition of .
Statement: Says Anthropology is a STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) field.
Speaker: frank brogan
About the speaker: Frank T. Brogan is Chancellor of the State University System of Florida. Brogan began his career as a classroom teacher and later served as Florida's Commissioner of Education. He was elected Lieutenant Governor in 1998 and the Republican was re-elected in 2002. A year later, Brogan was selected to be president of Florida Atlantic University — a position he held until 2009, when the Board of Governors of the State University System unanimously chose him to serve as Chancellor of Florida's public universities.
 
 
Date: October 19, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: education;science
Context: a meeting with state legislators
Fact-check justification: At a subcommittee meeting a state legislator asked Brogan "is anthropology a STEM?" and Brogan replied: "it is." The National Science Foundation agrees with him, but his own university system and U.S. Customs and Immigration Enforcement don't. Brogan's response suggests that the answer is simple, but in reality it's anything but clear cut and he should have explained that. We rate this  .
Statement: Says "Ted Kennedy sent a letter to then Soviet leader Yuri Andropov apologizing for Ronald Reagan and begging the Soviets not to overreact.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: March 10, 2015
Topics: congress;foreign policy;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "The Rush Limbaugh Show"
Fact-check justification: In the context of a Republican letter to Iran, Limbaugh said that Kennedy sent a similar letter to Andropov in the 1980s that apologized for Reagan and begged the Soviets not to overreact. There is no  there ever was a letter from Kennedy. Limbaugh’s statement rests on a 1983 KGB memo that said there was a verbal overture from a friend of Kennedy's to meet with Andropov. Whether the memo was accurate or a KGB invention is deeply contested. We have a firm denial from the man who allegedly made the overture, and a Soviet archive researcher told us that memos of this sort are not always reliable. So Limbaugh was  about the letter, and spoke with great certainty about an event when its authenticity is very much in question. Overall, we rate the  .
Statement: If you need to call 911 but are scared to because of someone in the room dial and ask for a pepperoni pizza.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 23, 2019
Topics: crime;public safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "That is . Operators are trained to recognize voice inflection, odd conversations that would indicate a dangerous situation, among other things. "  Situations where someone needs to call 911 without another person in the room knowing aren’t uncommon, according to LAPD, and texting is a good option in areas where it’s available.   "If a voice call is an absolutely must," the agency wrote, "your options for discretion are not limited to ordering a pepperoni pizza. "  We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: The U.S. Supreme Court decided in 1982 that non-citizen children must get free K-12 education.
Speaker: david watts
About the speaker: Accordng to his campaign biography, Watts is a businessman, author and minister who lives between Gilmer and Longview in East Texas.
Date: September 16, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;education
Context: an email blast
Fact-check justification: Watts said the Supreme Court decided in 1982 that non-citizen children must get a free K-12 education. We rate his statement as .   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: 8 Syrians caught at Texas border in Laredo.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: November 18, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Abbott tweeted that Syrians were "caught" by federal agents at the border in Laredo which, he said, explains why "Texas is vigilant about Syrian refugees." His implication was that the potential terrorists were trying to infiltrate Texas, giving fuel to his decision to tell the federal government the state intended not to accept Syrian refugees. Eight Syrians were taken into custody at the port of Laredo, we confirmed. But Homeland Security officials said the Syrians had turned themselves in to a Border Patrol agent, seeking asylum. So, Abbott's statement has an element of  -- Syrians landed in U.S. custody -- but it leaves an  implication of how and why they got there. We rate the  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Eating grapefruit, "if you're on antidepressants," can "cause a fatal overdose.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 12, 2021
Topics: drugs;food;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The FDA told PolitiFact that grapefruit and grapefruit juice can   interfere with how well certain medicines work. As a result, the FDA has required that some prescription and over-the-counter drug labels include warnings against drinking grapefruit juice or eating grapefruit while taking the drug. "  Two other fact-checkers have identified flaws with the  about grapefruit causing fatal overdoses from antidepressants. There are potential health risks, but there’s no  that they are fatal. We rate the  .
Statement: Border Patrol agents were caught on film destroying supplies left to help migrants
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 9, 2018
Topics: immigration;corrections and updates;homeland security;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed, "Border Patrol agents were caught on film destroying supplies left to help migrants." Video footage shows Border Patrol kicking and pouring out water left in the desert for migrants as part of humanitarian-aid efforts. It’s important to remember that some of the footage is old, and that the Border Patrol in a statement condemned the actions. We rate the post . UPDATE Dec. 18, 2018: This story has been updated to include information from No More Deaths that some of the footage in the video was from 2017. The headline to the story has also been updated.
Statement: Once again, a police officer has been killed with an illegal gun from Georgia – a state that last year did the NRA's bidding and weakened its already lax gun laws.
Speaker: everytown for gun safety
About the speaker: Everytown for Gun Safety is an advocacy group that seeks to prevent gun violence.
Date: May 6, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: crime;guns
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Our conclusion Police have seized a gun stolen from Georgia nearly four years ago and believe it was used  in the recent, tragic shooting death of a young NYPD officer. But Everytown For Gun Safety overreaches in suggesting that an earlier fatal shooting of two officers involved an "illegal gun from Georgia." That weapon was sold according to federal law and therefore legal, until it found its way to someone who used it to commit a horrific crime. Such overreaches allow political debate to shape facts. We rate the statement .
Statement: More than 90 percent of the gains have gone to the top 1 percent.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: July 29, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;poverty
Context: a speech at the Democratic National Convention
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that "more than 90 percent of the gains have gone to the top 1 percent." That statistic was approximately correct a few years ago, but today, one of the nation’s leading authorities on income distribution says a more accurate figure is that 52 percent of all income flows to the top 1 percent. That still reveals a great deal of inequality, but not at the scale Clinton said. We rate this  .
Statement: Dr. Fauci: No reason to be wearing a mask.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 24, 2020
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral Facebook post shows Fauci saying people did not need to be wearing face masks to prevent the spread of COVID-19. It is framed by text that says, "Dr. Fauci: No reason to be wearing a mask." The undated clip lacks significant context. The interview happened in March, amid shortfalls of face masks for hospital workers. The CDC and Fauci have since shifted their recommendations on face masks amid rising coronavirus cases, saying that most people should wear face coverings in public spaces to reduce the spread of the virus.  The all-caps summary text is an oversimplification of what Fauci said. He was speaking generally when he said people did not need to be wearing a mask in public in March. However, Fauci said in the same interview that infected people should wear a mask to prevent other people from catching the virus. The clip leaves that out. The video contains an element of  but leaves the  impression. We rate it .
Statement: I'm not a politician.
Speaker: dan kohl
About the speaker: Dan Kohl, a businessman and non-profit leader, is a Democrat from the Milwaukee suburb of Mequon. The nephew of former U.S. Sen. Herb Kohl, D-Wis., he is running in 2018 for the 6th District congressional seat held by Republican Glenn Grothman. 
Date: September 4, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;elections
Context: TV ads
Fact-check justification: 2013-2017 Senior adviser and lobbyist at BakerHostetler , a large law and lobbying firm in Washington, D.C. 2017 Settles in Mequon, an upscale suburb of Milwaukee, in May, announces his campaign for Grothman’s seat in June. Our rating Kohl says: "I'm not a politician." In a strict sense, he’s not, given that he’s never held public office and this is only his second run in the past 10 years. But Kohl also spent a total of eight years as a Washington, D.C., lobbyist and senior member of a Washington-based advocacy group, in addition to being a major fundraiser for presidential candidates. We rate his statement .
Statement: The state budget will include scholarship money for minority students as a concession to Senate Democrats for supporting the GOP-initiated transportation bill.
Speaker: senate democrats
About the speaker: Statements by Senate Democrats are released by the Democratic leadership in the U.S. Senate.
Date: March 31, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: jobs;state budget;transportation
Context: interviews
Fact-check justification: The DOT board has already passed a resolution that Democrats have applauded related to contracts that will be issued in connection with the new transportation funding bill. Our conclusion Senate Democrats said they won concessions for their support of the transportation bill, including a commitment of funding for minority scholarships in engineering. The budget signed by the governor Monday includes a commitment of existing funds for that program. And based on action by the Georgia Student Finance Authority, the total amount will be $3 million. We rate the statement by Senate Democrats as .
Statement: More than 12,500 service men and women have been discharged on the basis of sexual orientation since the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy was implemented, at a cost of over $360 million. Many of those forced out had special skills in high demand, such as translators, engineers, and pilots.
Speaker: democratic national committee
About the speaker: The Democratic National Committee is the national organization of Democrats.
Date: August 13, 2008
Location: national
Topics: military
Context: its platform
Fact-check justification: For one thing, both the GAO and the California estimates are now five years out of date, and even the GAO's methodology would yield an estimate much higher than $190 million today – it might well even reach $360 million. Secondly, the GAO acknowledged in its 2005 report that it was not trying to provide a complete estimate – in fact, the title of its report was "Financial Costs and Loss of Critical Skills Due to DOD's Homosexual Conduct Policy Cannot Be Completely Estimated." The California commission did endeavor to provide a complete estimate, and it drew on extensive expertise to do so. Therefore, its estimate is the best available measure of the cost of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell." So we find the Democratic Party's  to be .
Statement: The Democrats' health care bills would provide "free health care for illegal immigrants.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: August 28, 2009
Location: national
Topics: immigration;health care
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: It's one thing to argue that the bill lacks adequate verification procedures (which is certainly debatable). It's another to  if the those procedures aren't stringent enough, that the bill would provide free health care to illegal immigrants. Especially when the bill specifically states there can be no federal payments to undocumented aliens. That was in 3200 when Connelly wrote his e-mail, and it's in the bill the House ultimately passed. We rate this  .
Statement: You're more likely to get struck by lightning in Texas" than find in-person voter fraud.
Speaker: cory booker
About the speaker: Cory Booker is a senator from New Jersey. He was first elected to the Senate in 2013, making him the first African-American senator from New Jersey and the first African-American elected to the Senate since Barack Obama in 2004. Booker served as mayor of Newark from 2006 until 2013. He has a bachelor's degree in political science and a master’s degree in sociology from Stanford University, an honors degree in United States history from The Queens College as a Rhodes Scholar and a J.D. from Yale Law School. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president and suspended his campaign in January 2020.
Date: August 9, 2015
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week."
Fact-check justification: Booker said, "You're more likely to get struck by lightning in Texas" than to find in-person voter fraud. Since 2002, there have been a total of 85 election fraud prosecutions, not all of which have resulted in conviction. Only a small number of those cases -- four or possibly fewer -- included allegations of in-person voter fraud, also called voter impersonation. Those are the kinds of cases the voter ID law in Texas is aimed at preventing, and Booker is right that they have been less frequent than lightning strikes. Overall, we rate his statement .