chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Photos prove former Vice President Mike Pence and King Charles III have clones.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 9, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The claims compare photos in which the people pictured are at different ages, shot from different angles, in different lighting and so on. Some of the photos are higher quality and others lower quality.   In short: it doesn’t amount to  that these public figures have been replaced. And at PolitiFact, the burden of proof is on the person — or post — making the .   We rate this one !
Statement: The Pentagon "finally comes clean" and "admits...that there are 46 U.S. military-funded biolabs in Ukraine
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: June 12, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: A Gateway Pundit article said, "US Department of Defense Finally Comes Clean – Admits in Public Document that There Are 46 US Military-Funded Biolabs in Ukraine." There was no "coming clean" — and the government made no such admission.  The document referenced in the stories repeated known information about 46 Ukrainian-owned-and-operated laboratories, health facilities and diagnostic sites that have received support from the U.S. The document specifically states that Ukraine "has no nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons programs." We rate this  . RELATED: There are no US-run biolabs in Ukraine, contrary to social media posts RELATED: The facts behind the Russian, right-wing narratives claiming Hunter Biden funded biolabs in Ukraine
Statement: MSNBC actually said on air 'I hope enough people die from coronavirus that it harms Trump's re-election.'
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 11, 2020
Topics: pundits;facebook fact-checks;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: This has the makings structurally for the same kind of moment for President Trump." "And if there’s any ‘a moment’ that would shake that 40%," Glaude said, "the folks who would allow him to shoot someone right down Fifth Avenue , if there’s any ‘a moment,’ it’s this one. Because it’s babies, it’s friends, it’s loved ones … it seems to me that this is an event that could take down a presidency." But neither Wallace nor Glaude said that they "hope enough people die from coronavirus that it harms Trump’s re-election." We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Barack Obama has consistently voted against tougher penalties for criminals.
Speaker: republican party of florida
About the speaker: The Republican Party of Florida represents Republicans in Florida.
Date: October 20, 2008
Location: national
Topics: drugs;families;crime;public safety;marijuana
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Not mentioned in the mailer is that in 2001, Obama co-sponsored a bill to increase penalties for domestic batteries committed near domestic violence shelters.  Or that in 2002, he co-sponsored a bill to toughen penalties for repeat domestic violence offenders. In each case, the RPOF has taken selective votes or positions to prop up sensational headlines that are belied by a fuller examination of Obama's record. Similarly, the  that Obama has " consistently voted against tougher penalties for criminals" — when weighed against the entirety of Obama's record — is untrue. We rule the ad’s  .
Statement: As a senator, Hillary Clinton "has her name on three laws in eight years.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: June 16, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an interview with Sean Hannity on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Bush said that as a senator, Clinton had her name "on three laws in eight years." Bush used vague language here, so it’s fair game to look at the three sponsored bills and the 74 co-sponsored ones that passed. Also, congressional experts warn that legislative influence goes beyond having your name as a sponsor or co-sponsor. Senators weigh in with amendments, debate and negotiations. The statement is partially accurate, but leaves out important details so we rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/57684e12-55f1-4abd-aa03-85984b69d701
Statement: Says "Tommy Thompson's tax plan amounts to an average tax cut of almost $87,000 for the top 1 percent.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: May 30, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;taxes
Context: a memo to the media
Fact-check justification: Robyn and Berry agreed the 1 percent would almost certainly get a tax break under Thompson’s plan, but they couldn’t say whether Baldwin’s figure is accurate because Thompson’s plan doesn’t specify what deductions and exemptions might remain under his flat tax and who would qualify for them. "Her calculations are probably overstated a little, but we don’t know how much," said Berry. Our rating Baldwin said Thompson's tax plan "amounts to an average tax cut of almost $87,000 for the top 1 percent" and Thompson didn’t refute the figure. Tax experts said Baldwin’s figure is in the ballpark, at least as an estimate, but that Thompson’s flat tax proposal lacks too much detail to know for sure. Baldwin’s  is accurate but needs additional information -- our definition of .
Statement: We're spending less money today, in upcoming fiscal year 2014 than the Corzine-Buono budget spent in fiscal year 2008.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: April 22, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: state budget
Context: an interview on NJ101.5 FM's "Ask the Governor" program
Fact-check justification: In responding to a caller during New Jersey 101.5’s "Ask the Governor" program last month, Christie claimed, "We’re spending less money today, in upcoming fiscal year 2014 than the Corzine-Buono budget spent in fiscal year 2008." Christie is correct that the proposed fiscal year 2014 budget of $32.9 billion is less than the level of state spending under Corzine in fiscal year 2008, at $33.6 billion. But Christie’s  leaves out some details. First, state spending has increased every year that Christie has been governor. Second, he ties the higher-spending budgets in part to Buono, but she did not chair the Senate budget panel that crafted the fiscal year 2008 budget. Overall, Christie’s statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. That makes it . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: A photo shows a recent White House event was actually filmed at Tyler Perry Studios in Atlanta.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 16, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It’s the Eisenhower executive office building, which is located next to the White House. A search of Getty Images archives shows many views of the Eisenhower building as seen from the White House. The Tyler Perry Studios complex, meanwhile, is also not next to the Atlanta stadium. It’s located about five miles away. This post is full-on !
Statement: Says Nancy Pelosi's "daughter is on the board of the Kennedy Center so that's why it was so important to send them all that money.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 30, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Nancy Pelosi is an ex officio member, designated by an act of Congress, according to the Kennedy Center’s website. So are Trump administration officials such as Education Secretary Betsy DeVos and Republican lawmakers like Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell; Rep. Kevin McCarthy, the Republican leader of the House; and Sen. Roy Blunt of Missouri. HuffPost reported the original budget request for the Kennedy Center came from a Kennedy Center staffer who was formerly a top aide to Blunt. In an email to the Daily Caller , a spokeswoman for the Kennedy Center said that none of Nancy Pelosi’s children are affiliated with the institution, according to the outlet. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: There are "360,000 (deaths) a year from swimming pools. But we don't shut the country down for that.
Speaker: phil mcgraw
About the speaker: Phil McGraw, known as Dr. Phil, is a TV personality, author and former psychologist who hosts the TV show "Dr. Phil."
Date: April 16, 2020
Topics: public health;public safety;pundits;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: a Fox News appearance
Fact-check justification: McGraw said there are "360,000 (deaths) a year from swimming pools, but we don’t shut the country down for that." For one thing, that’s too many zeros. There were 3,709 U.S. deaths from accidental drowning or submersion in 2017.  McGraw has since said he was citing the worldwide number for drowning deaths, and that his comparisons were "probably bad examples." The coronavirus is infectious and contagious, and the count of deaths from drowning is spread over a year.  We rate his original statement .
Statement: Says after Hurricane Sandy, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg "refused to allow the National Guard into the city to restore civil order because Guardsmen carry guns!
Speaker: wayne lapierre
About the speaker: Wayne LaPierre is executive vice president of the National Rifle Association.
Date: February 13, 2013
Location: national
Topics: public safety;guns
Context: the Daily Caller
Fact-check justification: LaPierre described a "hellish world" in south Brooklyn after Hurricane Sandy where the mayor "refused to allow the National Guard into the city to restore civil order because Guardsmen carry guns." He is  that Bloomberg refused to allow the National Guard into the city -- troops were already there and more arrived in the days afterward. However, he's right that Bloomberg rejected an armed National Guard, although the full context of the mayor's remarks indicate his primary reason was he felt the NYPD was able to keep the peace without the Guard's help. We rate the statement .
Statement: The leader of Proud Boys is the Florida state director of Latinos for Trump.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 2, 2020
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post says, "The leader of Proud Boys is the Florida state director of Latinos for Trump." Enrique Tarrio, who is chairman of the Proud Boys, is also the Florida state director of a group called Latinos for Trump. However, the Latinos for Trump group Tarrio helps run is not affiliated with the official Trump campaign in any way.  The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important context: there are two Latinos for Trump groups — one sanctioned by the Trump campaign and another outside the campaign’s purview. This post inaccurately suggests the Trump campaign hired a leader of the Proud Boys to run some campaign operations in Florida. That’s not what happened. We rate this post .
Statement: Washington, D.C., now has greater population than Wyoming and Vermont, more active duty military than 29 states, more tax revenue than 29 states (and) a larger domestic product than 27 states.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 6, 2013
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: on the Internet
Fact-check justification: We found that the Facebook post was accurate in describing D.C.’s ranking in population and active-duty military personnel, but significantly off in describing tax revenues and gross domestic product. That said, D.C.’s actual rankings -- higher than 14 states in tax revenues and higher than 17 states in gross domestic product -- do support the post’s underlying point that many smaller states have congressional representation when D.C. does not. On balance, we rate the post .
Statement: Paris police beat a woman for shopping at a mall with no vaccine passport.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: September 5, 2021
Topics: government regulation;public health;public safety;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a TikTok post
Fact-check justification: A TikTok post showed two women being overtaken, struck and detained by police inside a Paris mall, claiming to show that one of them was beaten while shopping.   The video does show that the police used physical force to subdue the women, but more context is needed. The women were part of a wave of anti-vaccine protesters who forced their way into the mall. The protest inside the mall was just one of many across Paris, as anti-vaccine advocates decry mandated COVID-19 passes. We rate this  .
Statement: Says the top 20 percent of income earners pay nearly 70 percent of all federal taxes.
Speaker: lamar smith
About the speaker: Lamar Smith is a Republican congressman from a San Antonio-based district in Texas. He became chairman of the House Judiciary Committee in January 2011.
Date: August 1, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: taxes
Context: a speech to the Austin-Oak Hill Rotary Club
Fact-check justification: Smith said the top 20 percent of taxpayers shoulder nearly 70 percent of all federal taxes. According to the CBO’s latest math, it’s 67.9 percent. We rate his statement .
Statement: We now have the first decline in overdose deaths due to drugs in 30 years - since 1990.
Speaker: kellyanne conway
About the speaker: Kellyane Conway is a White House counselor to President Donald Trump. Previously, she was a Republican strategist and pollster who served as campaign manager for Trump's 2016 presidential campaign.
Date: November 20, 2019
Location: virginia
Topics: drugs
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Conway says, "We now have the first decline in overdose deaths due to drugs in 30 years - since 1990." CDC statistics show U.S. overdose drug deaths increased every year from 1990 to 2017, when there were 70,639 fatalities. Figures show 68,039 overdeath deaths in 2018  - a drop of 2,630. An issue: The 2018 figures are preliminary, and will increase before the final count is completed in spring 2020. The small downturn is not official. It needs to be qualified as provisional, and Conway doesn’t do that.  There are overwhelming odds, however, that Conway’s statement will turn out to be right. The CDC says the difference between preliminary and final numbers is "typically small." In 2017, about 200 overdose deaths were added between the preliminary and final tally. So Conway’s statement, although technically flawed, almost assuredly is on track. We rate it .
Statement: Wisconsin is "49th out of 50 states in infrastructure.
Speaker: tony evers
About the speaker: Tony Evers, a Democrat, was elected Wisconsin governor in November 2018. His term begins in January 2019. Evers has served as the Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction, a non-partisan position, since 2009. He previously worked as a teacher and school district administrator.
Date: August 16, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: infrastructure;transportation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: His statement relies on a too-narrow ranking that isn’t current, and it ignores other rankings. In 2017, U.S. News & World Report ranked Wisconsin 49th in road quality  — but 39th in overall infrastructure, based not only on roads but bridges, renewable energy usage, broadband access and other factors. Moreover, the magazine’s 2018 report ranks Wisconsin 26th in infrastructure. And Wisconsin is well above the bottom, though not great, in two other national rankings. We rate Evers’ statement .
Statement: Public employees receive "something like 25 percent of the paychecks that are issued in Rhode Island.
Speaker: mark s. zaccaria
About the speaker: Mark Zaccaria is a Rhode Island Republican who ran unsuccessfully for one of the state's U.S. Senate seats in 2014. He also made two unsuccessful bids for Rhode Island's 2nd Congressional District, the most recent in 2010. He is a former chairman of the Rhode Island Republican Party. Born in 1949, he is a former corporate executive who operates a business-to-business marketing consulting business. A former Air Force instructor pilot, he served two terms on the North Kingstown Town Council and four years on the local zoning board. He is married with three children.
Date: November 25, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: elections;unions
Context: TV niterview
Fact-check justification: Rhode Island State Republican Chairman Mark Zaccaria said that 25 percent -- one in four -- of paychecks in the state of Rhode Island go to state workers, municipal workers and public school teachers. But state labor statistics show the figure is closer to 11 percent, or about 1 in 9.   We rule his   . (if you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] . And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Since Debbie Halvorson has been in politics, Illinois has lost hundreds of thousands of jobs.
Speaker: adam kinzinger
About the speaker: Adam Kinzinger is a U.S. congressman from Illinois’ 16th district and a former member of the Air Force.
Date: September 21, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;message machine 2010
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: Kinzinger would have been entirely justified making an ad that said the state had lost 135,000 jobs since Halvorson had been elected to the legislature, or 208,000 jobs since she was elected to Congress. Certainly it would have made for an easier fact-check. But he didn't. Instead, we're left with one valid statistic that the state gained 310,500 jobs during Halvorson's political career, and another statistic that shows that the state's economy fell far behind in creating enough jobs to keep up with population growth. The math can be complicated, but this one adds up to .
Statement: The federal government owns tens of thousands of properties that are vacant or underused.
Speaker: tom graves
About the speaker: Tom Graves represents Georgia's 9th Congressional District.
Date: March 20, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The 89,000-square-foot Cotton Annex, which is near the National Mall in Washington, has been unoccupied for about five years, according to Republicans on the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Its managers said the building remains a moneymaker because the Federal Protective Service is renting it to inspect delivery trucks.    Graves is right. Tens of thousands of federal properties are vacant or underused. He earns a .
Statement: Says she "voted for a statewide fracking ban.
Speaker: dana young
About the speaker: Dana Young, R-Tampa, is a member of the Florida House of Representatives. She has represented the 60th district since 2012 and is the current majority leader. Previously, Young represented the 57th district from 2010 to 2012. 
Date: October 20, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: environment;corrections and updates
Context: a mailer
Fact-check justification: A mailer from Young says she "voted for a statewide ban on fracking." That vote is in reference to HB 191, which would have set up a temporary moratorium on fracking in anticipation of future regulations. The bill would have authorized a study on which to base further regulation. It was not an outright ban on fracking. Young’s  is partially accurate but is missing context that would give the reader a different impression. For that reason, we rate Young’s statement . Correction: A previous version of this fact-check incorrectly reported who sent the mailer. The piece has been updated to reflect that it was sent by an outside committee with Young's approval. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/ed07ec3c-17f2-456c-aded-b343caaff2b7
Statement: An economics professor taught her students about socialism by "socialising grades" and failing all of them
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 28, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Our searches did turn up a 2011 article from a conservative website that features this story in non-specific terms. The writer presents it as a parable with "five morals" as opposed to something "real-world." The image in this version of the Facebook post has been widely used ,  on education blogs and Pinterest boards. This story never had real news coverage and has been circulating online as an event at an unspecified "local college" for more than 10 years. We rate this !
Statement: Four years as a congressman, he [U.S. Rep. Hank Johnson] never talked about MARTA.
Speaker: vernon jones
About the speaker: Vernon Jones is a Democrat running to represent Georgia's 4th Congressional District.
Date: June 3, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: transportation
Context: a candidate forum
Fact-check justification: The support of veteran congressmen such as Sens. Saxby Chambliss and Johnny Isakson and Rep. John Lewis likely played a greater factor in getting the $5.7 million, but Johnson was a co-sponsor. If Jones had simply stated that he does not believe Johnson has done enough for MARTA, he might had dodged the -O-Meter. But with his "never" declaration, the former CEO wandered right into the path of the dreaded device. Things are heating up in DeKalb County politics, it seems. We give Jones a  for this one.