chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The ocean is now "much more acidic . . . than it has been for many millions of years.
Speaker: al gore
About the speaker: Former Vice President Al Gore cofounded and chairs both Generation Investment Management and Current TV. He is on the Board of Directors of Apple Computer, Inc. and is a senior advisor to Google, Inc. He is also a visiting professor at Middle Tennessee State University.
Gore wrote An Inconvenient Truth, a best-selling book on global warming, and is the subject of the Academy Award-winning movie of the same title.
Date: June 11, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: environment;animals;climate change;economy;energy;history;population;public health;science;weather
Context: a keynote address
Fact-check justification: Former Vice President Al Gore said the ocean today "is much more acidic, more than it has been for many millions of years." It's clear that the ocean is more acidic than it was before the Industrial Revolution. It's also clear that many millions of years ago it was much more acidic. But the best estimates suggest that the oceans reached levels of acidity comparable to today’s levels sometime between about 900,000 years ago and 3 million to 4 million years ago -- far more recently than the "many millions of years" ago that Gore suggested. "If I had one of your meters, this would be halfway up," said Dickson, one of our experts on ocean acidification. We agree and rate Gore’s statement  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Santorum also voted for a teapot museum in North Carolina.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: January 2, 2012
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;message machine 2012;new hampshire 2012
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: As a side note: the federal money for the Sparta Teapot Museum was returned in 2009 after the museum board disbanded and the facility closed due to lack of funding, according to the museum website. Our ruling: The 2005 appropriations bill did fund the teapot museum, along with more than 1,100 other earmarked projects. But, Santorum didn’t vote for the museum in particular. He voted for the total appropriations bill, which provided billions in funding for federal transportation and housing projects, among others. Perry is right about the vote, but he leaves out important detail, which fits our definition of .
Statement: Welcome to Wisconsin road signs have "always been made in Wisconsin," but Scott Walker "is outsourcing them" to an out-of-state company and "paying more money for them.
Speaker: mike tate
About the speaker: Mike Tate is chairman of the Democratic Party of Wisconsin. He previously worked for Jim Doyle, the former Wisconsin governor, a public employee union and a voter mobilization organization. 
Date: April 18, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs;tourism;transportation
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Criticizing Walker’s record on job creation , Tate said Welcome to Wisconsin road signs have "always been made in Wisconsin," but Walker "is outsourcing them" to an out-of-state company and "paying more money for them." No changes are being made to the large "Wisconsin Welcomes You" signs near the state’s borders. The state did give a sign maintenance contract to a Georgia firm, but businesses -- not state taxpayers -- pay for those small roadway signs and the prices in the contract are not increasing. We rate Tate’s statement .  Comment on this item at the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel website .
Statement: 7 out of 10 Oregon families living in poverty have at least one parent who works.
Speaker: oregon center for public policy 
About the speaker: The Oregon Center for Public Policy is a nonprofit, nonpartisan group that provides in-depth analysis on budget, tax, and economic issues with an eye toward advocating on behalf of lower-income and middle-income Oregonians.
Date: August 7, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: children;families;income;poverty;welfare
Context: website materials
Fact-check justification: We checked Gettel’s analysis and confirmed his results. We also confirmed the analysis and numbers with the U.S. Census Bureau. While the numbers are accurate, under the survey design, somebody classified by federal employment officials as "long-term unemployed" could be counted as working under the Census definition. We think that’s an important clarification. We rate this statement .
Statement: Cuba has a lung cancer vaccine we in the US had no access to because we sanctioned Cuba.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 24, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;health care;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said Cuba had a lung cancer vaccine that the United States had no access to due to the decades-long embargo. There is an element of accuracy here, but it lacks several important pieces of information.  A lung cancer vaccine doesn’t prevent the disease; it is judged a success if it slows down or stops tumor growth. The drug in this case, Cimavax, extended life by about three months in the Cuban study. Access to Cimavax is limited to about 180 patients in one American study and those who go on their own to Cuba. The combined total represents a tiny fraction of people with lung cancer.  There are about 90 cancer vaccines under study in America today. None of this would be apparent to people who read the Facebook post. We rate this  .
Statement: Mark Kirk: Lied about going to war. Opposed middle class tax cuts. And said unemployment's not that big an issue.
Speaker: alexi giannoulias
About the speaker: Alexi Giannoulias is the former state treasurer of Illinois. He ran for the U.S. Senate in 2010 as the Democratic nominee for the seat formerly held by President Barack Obama, but was narrowly defeated by then-Rep. Mark Kirk.
Date: October 15, 2010
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;economy;message machine 2010;military;taxes
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: That's different than saying unemployment is not a big deal. We rate the  . And that's how we rate the ad overall -- .    Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: Rep. Kathy Castor, D-Fla., is a communist
Speaker: hillsborough county republican executive committee
About the speaker: The Hillsborough County Republican Executive Committee is a party group that seeks to help Republicans win elected office. 
Date: December 13, 2021
Location: florida
Topics: congress
Context: a billboard
Fact-check justification: A billboard by the Hillsborough County GOP refers to Castor as a communist.  The billboard provides no explanation for its conclusion, but the group’s chair told the Tampa Bay Times that it used the label because Castor is a "the leading proponent for the Green New Deal." That’s  on many levels. First, Castor isn’t a leading proponent of the Green New Deal or even one of the roughly 100 House members who cosponsored the resolution in 2019 and 2021.  Second, communism refers to a system in which a government takes over private property and controls production. We haven’t seen any  that Castor has called for anything remotely resembling that type of political system. Castor’s work to propose solutions to combat climate change does not make her a communist.  We rate this statement .   RELATED: No, the Green New Deal doesn't cost average households 'almost $700,000' RELATED: Green New Deal would not require 99% of homes to be torn down and rebuilt
Statement: Ultraviolet Radiation is administered into the body as a disinfectant to kill bacteria and viruses and this has been used for a while now.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 24, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: "There is no  that injecting UV light into the body will kill bacteria or viruses," said Dr. Krutika Kuppalli, a clinical assistant professor in the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine at Stanford University, in an email. "We irradiate blood that has been taken out of the body, but that is different than using UV light. I am not sure what that picture is in the Facebook post." The Facebook post is . We rate it .
Statement: We are always going to need architects, doctors, we're going to need professionals with four-year degrees. But 65 to 70 percent of the people in Missouri don't have degrees.
Speaker: mike parson
About the speaker: Mike Parson, a Republican, was elevated to governor of Missouri after the resignation of Gov. Eric Greitens in 2018.
Date: January 24, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: education
Context: an interview on KCUR
Fact-check justification: Parson said, "65 percent to 70 percent of the people in Missouri don’t have degrees." His number is accurate, according to census data and the Missouri Department of Higher Education . We rate this  .
Statement: Oregon's budget has grown by 49 percent in just four years.
Speaker: allen alley
About the speaker: A former candidate for governor and state treasurer, Allen Alley is the founder of Pixelworks, where he was CEO for 10 years.
Date: November 8, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: state budget
Context: a website
Fact-check justification: We think Alley should have offered up more context -- it’s the web; he has the room. But that said, Alley did dig up accurate numbers. And his math stands up. So we rate this  .    Comment on this item.
Statement: Cell phone numbers go public this month.
Speaker: ken legler
About the speaker: Ken Legler was a member of the Texas House until his death in June 2012.
Date: April 12, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: consumer safety
Context: Facebook and Twitter posts
Fact-check justification: If a cell phone directory is ever created, Katz said, it's likely to work differently: People would have to opt in to get their number listed. The FTC also has debunked the  message on its Web site, which states: "You may have received an e-mail telling you that your cell phone is about to be assaulted by telemarketing calls as a result of a new cell phone number database; however, that is not the case. FCC regulations prohibit telemarketers from using automated dialers to call cell phone numbers. Automated dialers are standard in the industry, so most telemarketers don’t call consumers on their cell phones without their consent." We rate Legler's yanked statement as .
Statement: Says of a failed cloture vote on nominating Chuck Hagel for defense secretary: "This is not a filibuster.
Speaker: john cornyn
About the speaker: John Cornyn is a U.S. senator from Texas, former Texas attorney general and former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He earlier served as a Bexar County state district judge.
Date: February 14, 2013
Location: national
Topics: congress
Context: a speech on the Senate floor
Fact-check justification: Cornyn said the failed cloture vote on Hagel was "not a filibuster." In fact-checking this statement, we’re swayed by definitions of filibusters that say it’s any move to prevent a measure or nomination from coming to a simple majority vote. The failed vote of Feb. 14 clearly delayed Hagel’s nomination from moving forward. Whether a filibuster itself is a positive assertion of minority rights or a negative instance of obstruction is in the eye of the beholder. Still, the definition of a filibuster is not precise. Making things more complicated is that Cornyn and others have said they intend to allow a vote on Hagel’s nomination in the near future. Overall, we rate Cornyn’s statement .
Statement: We don't have bars on campus in Texas. It's against the law... no alcohol allowed.
Speaker: jeff wentworth
About the speaker: Jeff Wentworth, a state senator from San Antonio, lost his bid for the 2012 Republican nomination for the seat.
Date: February 22, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: alcohol;education;guns
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "Hardball with Chris Matthews"
Fact-check justification: For what it’s worth, the online Merriam-Webster dictionary slaps the "bar" label on "a counter at which food or especially alcoholic beverages are served." Time to close our tab. We found two Texas universities that have bars on campus while other schools we contacted routinely serve alcohol in campus facilities. Wentworth’s  appears to have no legal or on-the-town grounding. It’s not just  — it’s .
Statement: Says ballots in Wisconsin "are being dumped in rivers" or creeks.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 29, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: While claiming there is widespread mail voting fraud, President Trump said ballots in Wisconsin "are being dumped in rivers" or creeks. In context, viewers were left with the impression that ballots were disposed of en masse in some sort of waterway. There’s no  of that. We base our ratings on what is known at the time of the . And on Sept. 29, as is the case now, Trump’s statement was  in both the literal  (a "river") and the implication (that this is  of fraud). A small number of ballots were found with hundreds of pieces of other mail, and authorities have said nothing to indicate election manipulation motivated the incident.  The information released after the debate — that no Wisconsin ballots were found — muddles the situation given the apparent conflict with earlier information. But it doesn’t change this rating. We rate this  .
Statement: The Failing @nytimes quotes 'a senior White House official,' who doesn't exist, as saying 'even if the meeting were reinstated, holding it on June 12 would be impossible, given the lack of time and the amount of planning needed.' WRONG AGAIN! Use real people, not phony sources.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 26, 2018
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted, "The Failing @nytimes quotes ‘a senior White House official,’ who doesn’t exist, as saying ‘even if the meeting were reinstated, holding it on June 12 would be impossible, given the lack of time and the amount of planning needed.’  AGAIN! Use real people, not phony sources." Trump is  that the senior White House official cited by the New York  Times "doesn’t exist" and is "phony." In fact, the official in question, Pottinger, gave an authorized background briefing to dozens of reporters in person and via phone. The New York  Times article that Trump criticized may have gone too far by paraphrasing Pottinger as saying that a June 12 summit would be impossible, since Pottinger didn’t use that specific word. However, Pottinger did express a significant degree of skepticism about the prospect of a June 12 summit.  If that was Trump's gripe, it isn't what he said. The White House source did exist. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: More Americans receive food aid than work in (the) private sector.
Speaker: allen west
About the speaker: Allen West announced in July 2021 that he is running for the Republican primary for Texas governor. He served for about a year as chairman of the Texas Republican Party, stepping down in June 2021. West represented Florida's 22nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013. Lieutenant Colonel West retired from the Army in 2004 after 22 years of service.
Date: July 8, 2013
Location: national
Topics: jobs;poverty;pundits;workers
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: West tweeted that "more Americans receive food aid than work in (the) private sector." However, the data West used appears to have undercounted the number of people with a private-sector job and overcounted the number of people receiving food aid. In addition, the comparison isn’t really apples to apples. We rate the  .
Statement: Under "Trumpcare," the Republican replacement for Obamacare, "$600 billion worth of tax breaks will go to the wealthiest in this country.
Speaker: mark pocan
About the speaker: Mark Pocan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2nd Congressional District on Nov. 6, 2012. He is from Madison and previously served as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin state Assembly. 
Date: March 20, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;income;wealth;taxes
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Our rating Pocan says that under "Trumpcare," the Republican replacement for Obamacare, "$600 billion worth of tax breaks will go to the wealthiest in this country."     Not all of the $600 billion in tax breaks (over 10 years) would go to the wealthiest Americans. But nearly half -- $275 billion -- would almost exclusively benefit only people on the highest end of the income scale. And the wealthiest, along with middle- and lower-income Americans, would benefit from the remainder of the tax breaks. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details, our rating is .
Statement: Says GOP Congressional candidate Scott Jones "wants to build a wall. He wants to round people up and deport folks.
Speaker: ami bera
About the speaker: Ami Bera is a Democrat who represents a California district that includes Sacramento in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Date: August 22, 2016
Location: california
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Congressman Ami Bera said his Republican challenger Scott Jones "wants to build a wall. He wants to round people up and deport folks." There’s some  to that: In a 2014 video , Jones calls on President Obama to reform immigration and to "build up that wall," to "preserve democracy and secure safety and freedom for a nation." The statement hints at Jones’ possible preference for border security. But his official immigration reform plan released last month calls for "increased fencing and technology," and doesn’t mention the word "wall." Bera’s next  that Jones wants to deport people might be technically correct: Jones has called for deporting undocumented immigrants "who have committed serious crimes." Bera’s overall statement is partially accurate. But it makes too broad a connection between Jones and Trump, who’s called for deporting millions of undocumented immigrants, not just those who have committed major crimes while in the United States. Bera ignores this key context. We rate his  .   – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/2f13a08f-958a-405a-a68e-af1bc73f6a03
Statement: The United States spends "almost three times per capita what they spend in the U.K." on health care and "50 percent more than they pay in France.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: December 19, 2015
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: the Dec. 19 Democratic presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that the United States spends almost three times on health care per capita what is spent in the United Kingdom and about double what they spend in France. The numbers from an independent, reliable source back that up. We rate this statement .
Statement: Six convictions are connected to an allegation by prosecutors "that Gov. Scott Walker is at the center of a criminal scheme.
Speaker: mary burke
About the speaker: Burke is a former Trek Bicycle executive and former Wisconsin Commerce Department secretary who announced on Oct. 7, 2013 that she would seek the Democratic nomination for governor in Wisconsin in the fall 2014 election against incument Republican Gov. Scott Walker. She lost to Walker on Nov. 4, 2014. She is a school board member in Madison, Wisconsin.
Date: October 21, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: crime;negative campaigning
Context: a campaign TV ad
Fact-check justification: And the prosecution theory in one case has Walker at the center of campaign violations, as the ad notes. But no charges have been filed in that case, with a state judge throwing out subpoenas prosecutors requested. The probe has been stalled by various lawsuits. Burke’s ad compresses time and two separate investigations to suggest prosecutors have charged six people in a case in which they allege the governor is at the center of the misconduct. We rate the  .
Statement: The 1994 crime bill "did not generate mass incarceration.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: May 14, 2019
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a campaign event
Fact-check justification: Biden said his 1994 crime bill "did not generate mass incarceration." In the strictest sense, the law did not launch the massive rise in the prison population. But it was in keeping with pre-existing trends at the state level, and in a limited way, provided funds to expand and keep policies in place that would increase the number of people behind bars. At the same time, the crime bill funded other programs and made changes aimed at keeping people out of prison. We rate Biden's  .
Statement: As Florida's CFO, I shut down Krakow's scam and refunded more than $1.2 million to Josephine and other victims of this con man.
Speaker: alex sink
About the speaker: Alex Sink is a candidate for Congress in Florida's 13th Congressional District. She served as Florida's Chief Financial Officer from 2007 to 2011. She was the Democratic Party's nominee for governor in 2010, but lost to Rick Scott.
Date: March 13, 2010
Location: florida
Context: a fundraising e-mail to supporters
Fact-check justification: She said, 'Don’t worry we’ll get to the bottom of it.' After that she sent a person to get a deposition from me, to get the facts," Passinissi said. As CFO, Sink oversees the Department of Financial Services, which investigated the complaints and arranged for people such as Passinissi to recoup their money. Sink's  actually understates the amount that was recouped (she said $1.2 million when it ultimately totaled $1.5 million), but we find she can rightly  credit for the department's work. So we rate Sink’s  to be .