chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says "51 percent of federal tax filers paid zero federal income tax.
Speaker: rob cornilles
About the speaker: Rob Cornilles is the president and founder of Game Face Inc. He is a graduate of Brigham Young University.
Date: November 14, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: taxes
Context: a statement on his website
Fact-check justification: Just as Cornyn did from the Senate floor last summer, Cornilles was clear and precise that his reference to 51 percent not paying taxes relates to 2009. The  held up then and it does now. We rate his : . What do you think? Head back to OregonLive to join the discussion.
Statement: Fifty-two counties have average taxes of above the SALT $10,000 cap.
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: March 11, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: taxes
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: In making a case to repeal the $10,000 cap on state and local tax deductions, Cuomo said that in 52 counties the average amount of state and local taxes exceeded the cap. The latest data available, from 2016, before the new tax law was implemented, show that in 53 counties, the average state and local tax deduction was greater than $10,000, when the average is calculated using returns from filers who claimed that deduction -- not from every filer. He bases his statement on the taxes paid by about one-third of the population, generally the more affluent one-third. Cuomo's statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression about how severe the cap is for most New Yorkers. He makes it seem the cap's effect is more widespread than it is. We rate his  .
Statement: Says an amendment specifying when military members may use deadly force "does nothing to change existing rules of engagement for American service members.
Speaker: david cicilline
About the speaker: David Cicilline was elected to the 1st Congressional District in 2010. Before that, he was mayor of Providence, beginning in January, 2003. A Brown University graduate, he received his law degree from Georgetown University Law Center.
Date: September 4, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: afghanistan;iraq;legal issues;voting record
Context: a letter posted on a blog
Fact-check justification: "U.S. Forces always retain the inherent right of self defense. Nothing in the current Rules of Engagement (ROE) limits this right." In summary, Cicilline said Mica’s amendment would do nothing to change existing rules of engagement for service members. The experts we consulted agreed. We rule his statement .
Statement: CNN had "Jeffrey Toobin on analyzing the Andrew Cuomo sexual harassment allegations as their legal expert.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 10, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: But screenshots of Travis’ original tweet are still spreading online without that mea culpa.   One was posted on Instagram as recently as Aug. 10.   This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) We rate claims that this segment shows Toobin analyzing Cuomo’s sexual harassment allegations .
Statement: 'Monkeypox' is only circulating in countries where the Pfizer vaccine has been distributed and is being used to advance a Technocratic Great Reset.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 24, 2022
Topics: public health;science;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post shared on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A blog post claimed that monkeypox "is only circulating in countries where the Pfizer vaccine has been distributed and is being used to advance a Technocratic Great Reset."  "The Great Reset" is an unsubstantiated and widely debunked conspiracy theory. Monkeypox has been reported in countries that don’t have Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine. And there are countries that received Pfizer’s vaccine that have not yet reported monkeypox cases. We rate this  . RELATED: ​​ Shingles-monkeypox  misleads with  flu-COVID-19 theory RELATED: No, the COVID-19 vaccines are not weapons of mass destruction RELATED: Federal VAERS database is a critical tool for researchers, but a breeding ground for misinformation
Statement: CNN reported, "Due to COVID-19, President Donald Trump passes away at 74.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 12, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: While Donald Trump sought treatment for his COVID-19 diagnosis at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, he left the hospital on Oct. 5 and has been campaigning since. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told the health news website STAT that the president "did not suffer any significant consequences" from COVID-19, according to an Oct. 13 story. We didn’t find any  that CNN ever tweeted that Trump died.   Searching for the tweet on Twitter, we found an identical Oct. 9 tweet that similarly uses the Fox News logo, but the account is not actually Fox News; it’s @foxnewes. We rate this post !
Statement: Children and teen suicide attempts "skyrocketed 250% in 2020" according to "one study done by a hospital.
Speaker: madison cawthorn
About the speaker: Madison Cawthorn is a Republican candidate for Congress in North Carolina's 11th District, located in the western part of the state. His opponent is Democrat Moe Davis. Cawthorn spoke at the Republican National Convention in Charlotte on Aug. 26, 2020.
Date: September 14, 2021
Location: north carolina
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a speech to the Johnston County school board
Fact-check justification: Cawthorn said "death and suicide rates are up 255% in one study that a hospital did in America because they’re starting to see that people are really feeling disconnected from that social interaction." Cawthorn’s office says he meant to refer to one Indiana hospital’s report showing that teens were hospitalized for suicide attempts 250% in October 2020 than in the previous October. While data collected by that hospital, North Carolina’s health department and the CDC do signal a rise in hospitalizations among young people, there is no indication that suicide attempts or deaths have increased at the rate Cawthorn suggested. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Elorza wants to teach our public school children about the 'non-existence of God.'
Speaker: local 799 of the international assoc. of fire fighters 
About the speaker: Local 799 of the International Association of Fire Fighters represents more than 500 active and retired members of the Providence Fire Department. All officers of the union serve as active firefighters in the Providence Fire Department and are elected by the general membership every two years.
Date: October 8, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: candidate biography;education;legal issues;government regulation;negative campaigning;pop culture;religion;science;unions
Context: a mailer
Fact-check justification: The Providence firefighters union says that Jorge Elorza is an extremist who wants public schools to teach that God does not exist. But their only  is a misreading of a 2010 academic article Elorza wrote. Nowhere in the 54-page article does Elorza say he wants public schools to teach that there is no God. Elorza has said repeatedly that’s not his view and we could find no public statements by him that suggest otherwise. This is an inflammatory  that has no basis in fact. It’s a good thing the firefighters union has experience dealing with flames, because we rule this  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: More than 27,000 Rhode Island jobs depend on trade with Canada.
Speaker: barry hinckley
About the speaker: Barry Hinckley ran an unsuccessful race, as a Republican running, for the U.S. Senate in Rhode Island in 2012. A graduate of the University of Colorado, Boulder, he is the founder and former president of Bullhorn Software in Boston. He is also an aviator and has raced sailboats professionally.
Date: March 12, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;energy
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Hinckley’s news release cited almost verbatim a statistic from a Canadian government fact sheet, based on a study by economists. Hinckley didn’t mention that the figure is an estimate, rather than an actual tally. But local experts say they know of no such tally and economists often make these kinds of estimates in analyzing trade and employment issues. So we rate Hinckley’s  .
Statement: Because our family couldn't afford health insurance, Obama/Biden penalized us about $10,000, then took that $10,000 and used it to pay for others' free Obamacare. Trump ended that theft.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 20, 2020
Topics: health check
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A viral social media post claims that a family was penalized $10,000 for not being able to afford health insurance. It also claimed the penalty money was taken to pay for others’ "free ObamaCare" and Trump stopped that practice. It is  that Trump and Congress did zero out the individual mandate requirement, so people could no longer be penalized for not having health insurance. But after that, skepticism abounds. For instance, it’s very unlikely that a family would face a $10,000 penalty in one year. Moreover, if such a family did face this penalty for not having health insurance, they would likely be in a high-income bracket for which health insurance tends to come from an employer or be affordable. And the charge that the penalty was used to provide "free coverage" for others doesn’t fit with federal accounting processes. Experts said, though, that the lack of specifics about this family’s situation makes it difficult to be completely definitive. We rate this  .
Statement: Photo shows "2 sitting senators counting ballots" in Georgia.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 2, 2021
Location: georgia
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  Parent and a spokesperson for Jordan told Reuters they are not pictured in the footage from Pennsylvania. And it definitely doesn’t show "CCTV footage of the election count in Georgia" as the Facebook post claims. We rate this post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Oregon families pay an extra $1,400 a year on higher insurance premiums to cover those who do not have insurance.
Speaker: peter defazio
About the speaker: Peter DeFazio is Oregon's U.S. representative in the 4th Congressional District. He was elected to Congress in 1986. He lives in Springfield.
Date: February 1, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: health care
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: "In particular, the Families USA approach omits the possibility that providers who treat substantial numbers of uninsured people have lower profits. In fact, we are highly skeptical that the high and growing cost of private insurance is strongly related, if at all, to the amount of uncompensated care delivered by private providers or to the growing number of uninsured people," Kaiser analysts concluded. DeFazio’s  about the "hidden tax" is based in fact but he fails to provide sufficient nuance to a complex and emotionally wrought question. For that reason, we rate his  . Comment on this item.
Statement: Mitt Romney, Rick Perry, and Newt Gingrich all say they would cut foreign aid to Israel — and every other country — to zero.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 11, 2012
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;israel;foreign policy;message machine 2012
Context: a page on the Obama campaign website
Fact-check justification: The Obama campaign said, "Mitt Romney, Rick Perry, and Newt Gingrich all say they would cut foreign aid to Israel — and every other country — to zero." We find that a  distortion of their positions on this extremely sensitive issue. First, the plan discussed in the foreign policy debate means only that future aid levels for Israel would be subject to negotiations, starting from a baseline of zero rather than the current level. A funding level of zero would be only a theoretical starting point, not an end point, just as easily leaving Israel with higher funding rather than lower. Second, to varying degrees, the candidates pledged that they personally would either advocate "substantial" funding for Israel (Perry), an exemption from the policy for Israel (Romney), or an automatic waiver due to agreements already in force (Gingrich). None of the candidates actually said they supported making Israel’s funding level zero. Finally, the Obama campaign misleadingly used the term "zeroing out" instead of accurately describing it as "zero-based" budgeting, making the three-sentence statement  in three different ways. !
Statement: Last year the (Medicaid Fraud Control Unit) in Virginia alone recovered over $200 million!
Speaker: thomas garrett jr.
About the speaker: Thomas A. Garrett Jr., a Republican, was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 5th Congressional District in 2016. He was in Virginia's Senate from 2012 to 2016. He has served as an assistant state attorney general and Commonwealth's attorney for Louisa County.
Garrett was born in Atlanta and is a graduate of Louisa County High School in Virginia. He received his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Richmond.
 
Date: April 2, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: medicaid
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: Garrett, in arguing against Medicaid expansion in Virginia, wrote that the Medicaid Fraud Control Unit last year "in Virginia alone recovered over $200 million!" Garrett’s aide says the senator understated the recovery, which was actually $1 billion. The figures are correct. But Garrett’s  that MFCU collected $200 million "in Virginia alone" easily can be read as a statement about the amount of fraud that occurred in the Old Dominion. He doesn’t mention that almost all the money MFCU recovered last year came from a national fraud case it prosecuted against Abbott Labs. The amount of Medicaid fraud Abbott committed in Virginia was $4.2 million. Outside of the Abbott case, MFCU recovered $11 million last year. So Garrett’s statement contains an element of , but ignores critical facts that create a different impression about the level of fraud in Virginia’s Medicaid system. It’s hard to imagine Garrett wasn’t clued in on the details of MFCU’s work. After all, the senator was a lawyer for the unit between 2005 and 2007. We rate his  .
Statement: Says an alternative to Social Security that operates in Galveston County, Texas, has meant that participants will "retire with a whole lot more money" than under Social Security.
Speaker: herman cain
About the speaker: Herman Cain is an author, columnist and talk radio host. Cain, a former pizza franchise CEO, ran for president as a Republican in 2012.
Date: June 13, 2011
Location: national
Topics: retirement;social security
Context: a Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: But that debate is beyond the scope of this article. On the specific question Cain raised -- whether participants in Galveston will "retire with a whole lot more money" than if they were in Social Security -- the answer is, "it depends." According to studies published a dozen years ago, some will, and some won’t. And the outlook today for the Galveston plan’s rate of return -- while not immutable going forward -- is more downbeat than it was in 1999. On balance, we rate Cain’s statement .
Statement: Over the last few years, more Virginians are moving away from Virginia than are moving to Virginia from the other 49 states.
Speaker: glenn youngkin
About the speaker: Republican Glenn Youngkin was elected Virginia's governor in November 2021. He defeated Democrat Terry McAuliffe, who was governor from 2014 to 2018.
Youngkin was reared in Richmond and Virginia Beach and won a basketball scholarship at Rice University, where he earned an engineering degree. He earned a MBA from Harvard University. Youngkin worked 25 years at the Carlyle Group, a global private equity firm based in Washington with $230 billion in assets. He retired in 2020 as CEO after taking the company public. His net worth is estimated at $254 million, according to The Washington Post.
Youngkin's 2021 campaign for governor is his first bid for public office.
Date: May 21, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: economy;population
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Youngkin said, "Over the last few years, more Virginians are moving away from Virginia than are moving to Virginia from the other 49 states." IRS data backs him up. But Youngkin wraps the data in a questionable political context. He blames the last two Democratic governors for the net migration loss when research shows most of the drop has been caused by problems largely beyond any governor's control: federal budget cuts and high prices for buying a home in Northern Virginia. Youngkin’s statement is accurate but needs clarification. So, we rate it .
Statement: Attention hunters: Voting in North Dakota could cost you your out-of-state hunting licenses.
Speaker: north dakota democratic–nonpartisan league party
About the speaker: The North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party is the North Dakota branch of the Democratic Party.
Date: November 1, 2018
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a Facebook ad
Fact-check justification: North Dakota Democratic-NPL said, "Attention hunters: Voting in North Dakota could cost you your out-of-state hunting licenses." It’s hard to interpret this in any way except that it seeks to discourage people from voting. But voting will not cost anyone their hunting licenses. People with out-of-state hunting licenses get to keep their licenses; the warning only applies to people with residential licenses in another state who recently moved to North Dakota. Voting would not make those null, but establishing residency in another state, which is a prerequisite to voting, might, depending on the state. The ad employs a  argument. We rate this statement !
Statement: Saudi terrorists has killed more Americans on our soil than any other nation. They rent the entire 45th floor of Trump Tower, And pay him in cash.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 6, 2020
Topics: terrorism;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Fifteen of the 19 hijackers in the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the worst-ever on American soil, were Saudi.  The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, not Saudi terrorists, bought the 45th floor of Trump World Tower, in 2001. The country is not paying rent currently. This post contains an element of  but distorts the facts. We rate it .
Statement: Says Donald Trump's foundation "took money other people gave to his charity and then bought a six-foot-tall painting of himself.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 13, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Philadelphia
Fact-check justification: Obama said that Trump’s "foundation took money other people gave to his charity and then bought a six-foot-tall painting of himself." Fahrenthold verified the anecdote about the painting with the painter, and his reporting found that, at the time the painting was auctioned, the vast majority of funds in the foundation’s coffers were from other people, not Trump. Based on the information available, the story seems solid. We rate Obama’s statement .
Statement: While southern Illinois families struggled," Mike Bost "voted to raise his own pay.
Speaker: brendan kelly
About the speaker: Brendan Kelly was a Democratic congressional candidate in Illinois.
Date: September 14, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: voting record
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Kelly's ad says Bost "voted to raise his own pay." There is one 2007 vote that is not in question. Bost’s campaign spokesman said Bost voted for the bill despite that distasteful element, because so many other provisions were essential for the state. But Bost voted repeatedly against other pay hikes -- not only the COLAs but a 9.6 percent proposed pay hike in a 2006 bill as well. If counting, those votes outnumbered the 2007 vote. Looking at his overall record gives a very different impression. We rate the  .