chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: If an individual is determined "to commit suicide, the availability of a gun is not a factor" because they will find a way.
Speaker: michael chippendale
About the speaker: Michael W. Chippendale, of Foster, is a Republican state representative for District 40 in Rhode Island.
Date: April 12, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: public health;guns
Context: a debate on WPRI's "Newsmakers program"
Fact-check justification: State Rep. Michael Chippendale said, "If an individual is under enough emotional or psychological distress where they’re going to commit suicide, the availability of a gun is not a factor." There is  that such substitution takes place, but it is limited and contradicted by other data. Most experts told us the real issue is impulsiveness. Some people determined to kill themselves are locked into that decision and will find another method if a gun isn't handy. But research suggests that most suicide attempts are not the result of such premeditation. Their determination is spur-of-the-moment. Thus, the presence or absence of a firearm can play a big role in whether the person is successful. Because the statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Tom Leppert pledged to make Dallas a sanctuary city for illegal immigrants.
Speaker: conservative renewal pac
About the speaker: The Conservative Renewal PAC supports David Dewhurst for the U.S. Senate.
Date: April 27, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: We were hampered by not being offered, or finding, the original described pledge. Still, Leppert''s camp confirmed that he at one time pledged respect for immigration enforcement being a federal issue. If so, our sense is that he acted in step with the police department’s decade-old policy of leaving immigration-related inquiries to Uncle Sam -- which alone can be taken as sufficient to support the "sanctuary city" label. Then again, Leppert did not pledge to "make" Dallas into a sanctuary. His position was essentially status quo. Also, the county joined the Secure Communities program while he was mayor. This  ignores these critical facts. We rate it .
Statement: Unbeknownst to most people, the Green New Deal came to Texas; the power grid in the state became totally reliant on windmills.
Speaker: tucker carlson
About the speaker: Tucker Carlson was a Fox News pundit until his departure in April 2023.
Date: February 16, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: energy;pundits;weather
Context: a TV segment
Fact-check justification: Carlson said, "Unbeknownst to most people, the Green New Deal came to Texas, the power grid in the state became totally reliant on windmills." This is  on several levels. Texas’ energy supply is not "totally reliant" on wind energy. The central cause of the outage was a massive failure of thermal energy plants combined with a surge in demand for heat and other forms of power. While renewables are in the spirit of the Green New Deal, it hasn’t been enacted in Texas, or anywhere else. We rate this  !
Statement: 48-Hour waiting periods limit crimes of passion and keep our communities safe.
Speaker: shelia stubbs
About the speaker: Shelia Stubbs is a former probation and parole agent from Madison.  She has been a member of the Dane County Board of Supervisors, representing a district on the south side of Madison for twelve years. She was nominated as the Democratic candidate for the 77th district of the Wisconsin State Assembly on August 14, 2018, ran unopposed in the November general election, and was sworn into office in January of 2019 as the first African American state legislator from Dane County.  
Date: February 2, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: legal issues;crime;guns
Context: Public statement
Fact-check justification: Stubbs claimed "48-Hour waiting periods limit crimes of passion and keep our communities safe." Some studies have shown reductions in homicides in states with a waiting period, but many guns are obtained illegally or through sellers where background checks are not required. Meanwhile, "crimes of passion," by their very definition, happen in the moment, so if a gun were involved in such cases, the perpetrator would already have it. That said, studies show a waiting period can reduce suicides. So, there is some  for both parts of the , as well as factors that muddy the water. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, our rating is .   window.gciAnalyticsUAID = 'PMJS-TEALIUM-COBRAND';
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Statement: Under (Obamacare), you can't reward a person for better behavior. You can't have incentives to be healthier.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: April 27, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care
Context: a town hall at Georgetown University Institute of Politics and Public Service
Fact-check justification: Ryan is largely on point if the "you" refers only to insurance companies, but there’s nothing in the context to justify such a narrow interpretation. The  was broad and implied a ban on incentives. That’s not the case. Wellness programs, while not available to everyone, are specifically authorized by the Affordable Care Act as a means for employers to raise or lower premiums by up to 30 percent based on employees’ health-related behavior. For a statement that is partly accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, our rating is .
Statement: Says Tammy Baldwin introduced a bill that would require doctors and other health care workers to ask patients, "including young children, whether they are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or if they know their gender identity.
Speaker: glenn grothman
About the speaker: Republican Glenn Grothman, of the Town of Glenbeulah in Sheboygan County, was first elected to Congress in 2014 after serving 21 years in the Wisconsin Legislature. He represents the 6th Congressional District in east-central Wisconsin that includes all or parts of Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Fond du Lac, Dodge, Winnebago, Columbia, Green Lake, Marquette and Waushara counties.  
 
Date: September 28, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;health care;lgbtq;sexuality
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Baker, of the Center for American Progress, said HHS is working on adding sexual orientation to its National Health Interview Survey, which is done randomly by telephone. Our rating Grothman said Baldwin introduced a bill to require doctors and other health care workers to ask patients, "including young children, whether they are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or if they know their gender identity." There’s an element of  in Grothman’s , in that the bill would have required a federal agency to collect such data. But there was no requirement that doctors or other health care workers question their patients. We rate Grothman’s statement .
Statement: North Carolina Secretary of State Elaine Marshall "has won more statewide races than probably anyone else alive.
Speaker: jenna wadsworth
About the speaker: Jenna Wadsworth ran for North Carolina agriculture commissioner in 2020
Date: January 26, 2021
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Wadsworth said Marshall "has won more statewide races than probably anyone else alive in NC at this point." It appears she’s right. We rate this  .
Statement: We need to also recognize that we just had two of the coldest years, biggest drop in global temperatures that we have had since the 1980s, the biggest in the last 100 years. We don't talk about that.
Speaker: danielle pletka
About the speaker: Danielle Pletka is senior vice president for foreign and defense policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank.
Date: November 25, 2018
Topics: environment;climate change;punditfact
Context: a panel discussion
Fact-check justification: Pletka said, "We just had two of the coldest years, biggest drop in global temperatures that we have had since the 1980s, the biggest in the last 100 years." Her  that we just had two of the coldest years is . Globally, 2016 and 2017 were the two warmest years on record, according to one measure. Climate scientists told us a two-year trend is meaningless in terms of understanding anything about how climate is changing. With that in mind, Pletka’s assertion that we’ve recently seen the biggest drop in global temperatures is a red herring. It’s based on a cherry-picked statistical fluke of no relevance, compared with long term trends. Bottom line: Cold spells can and do happen, but they do not negate the fact that global warming is real and a legitimate cause for concern, according to broad scientific consensus. We rate Pletka’s  .
Statement: As a 27 year old staff attorney for the House Judiciary Committee during the Watergate investigation, Hillary Rodham was fired by her supervisor, lifelong Democrat Jerry Zeifman. When asked why Hillary Rodham was fired, Zeifman said in an interview, 'Because she was a liar. She was an unethical, dishonest lawyer, she conspired to violate the Constitution, the rules of the House, the rules of the Committee, and the rules of confidentiality.'
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 9, 2016
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Fact-check justification: But those wary of such unsubstantiated theories (myself included) will find Zeifman’s book an unconvincing, if imaginative intrigue." Snopes points out that Zeifman didn’t  he fired Clinton in that book; it wasn’t until later that his recollection changed. Perhaps the best proof of whether Clinton was fired or not is in her pay records. Judiciary Committee pay records that were unearthed in 2016 by Washington Post researcher Alice Crites show that Clinton was paid through Sept. 4, 1974—after Nixon resigned on Aug. 9, 1974, and after the committee published its final impeachment report on Aug. 20, 1974. We rate the  that Hillary Clinton was fired from her job as a staff attorney during the during the Watergate investigation .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama "came into office very concerned about" wiretappings but "then he became president of the United States, he got all the briefings … (and) he decided … the balance is probably pretty appropriately struck.
Speaker: bill kristol
About the speaker: Bill Kristol is the editor at large of the Weekly Standard, a conservative magazine. He previously served as chief of staff to Vice President Dan Quayle during the Bush administration and to Secretary of Education William Bennett under President Reagan.
Date: December 22, 2013
Topics: terrorism;transparency;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Kristol said Obama "came into office very concerned about" wiretappings but "then he became president of the United States, he got all the briefings … (and) he decided … the balance is probably pretty appropriately struck." That’s , to a point. Obama’s concerns for Bush-era surveillance tactics have certainly dwindled since he took office -- and he has defended ongoing, recently exposed confidential surveillance programs. But Obama’s opinions shifted even before he moved into the White House. Most notably, he voted for a bill that essentially approved warrantless wiretapping in July 2008. The shift was so notable that his presidential rival at the time called him a flip-flopper. We rate this statement .
Statement: COVID-19 vaccines administered during pregnancy drove an increase in cases of myocarditis in babies.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 21, 2023
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a screenshot shared on Instagram
Fact-check justification: An image shared on Instagram suggested that people getting vaccinated against COVID-19 while pregnant drove an increase in myocarditis cases in babies. U.K. health authorities are investigating an uptick in myocarditis cases associated with enterovirus infections. The WHO sent out an alert about the myocarditis cases, but it did not identify a link between them and COVID-19 vaccines. A WHO spokesperson said existing research does not suggest a link. We rate these claims .
Statement: Rhode Island already gets more revenue per capita from gambling than any other state in the country.
Speaker: eugene mckenna
About the speaker: The Rev. Eugene J. McKenna is president of Citizens Concerned About Casino Gambling, a Rhode Island group that opposes allowing casinos in the state. He was pastor of St. Lucy's Church in Middletown from 1983 to 2008. He is now pastor emeritus of the church and lives in South Kingstown.
Date: November 25, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: gambling;state budget
Context: a news story
Fact-check justification: Both reports that Father McKenna referred us to in support of his statement came up short. Not only were they somewhat outdated, but they used flawed numbers and only considered revenues from lotteries and video lottery terminals. But the Rockefeller Institute studies that we found took a comprehensive look at all the major types of gambling. And according to the most recent report, Rhode Island did receive more revenue per adult than any other state in fiscal 2010. The reverend rolled the dice on this one and lady luck was on his side. We rule his statement . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: With the exception of slavery and the Chinese Exclusion Act, our laws have never barred persons from becoming citizens.
Speaker: zoe lofgren
About the speaker: Zoe Lofgren is the U.S. Representative for California's 19th congressional district, based in San Jose. A Democrat, she has been in Congress since 1995.
Date: February 5, 2013
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a House hearing on immigration
Fact-check justification: Lofgren said that, "with the exception of slavery and the Chinese Exclusion Act, our laws have never barred persons from becoming citizens." Immigration experts told us that history is more complicated than Lofgren described, with the most important point being that other Asian groups were also targeted by federal immigration laws. Her statement is accurate but for that detail. We rate it .
Statement: An average of nine children a day in the U.S. die of gunshot wounds.
Speaker: brady campaign to prevent gun violence
About the speaker: The Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence advocates for state and federal gun laws and to educate the public about gun violence.
Date: June 17, 2014
Location: oregon
Topics: public safety;guns
Context: a gun-control rally claim
Fact-check justification: We found the difference between eight and nine not hugely significant. It’s horrible that children are dying of gunshot wounds, of course, but the difference in the two numbers is unlikely to materially change the debate about gun control. But including 18- and 19-year-olds, who are not "children" under legal and other definitions, significantly skews the numbers, making the problem seem much worse than it is. Because the group’s  contained an element of  but ignored critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate it . Return to OregonLive.com/politics to comment on this article.
Statement: 50% of the DUIs on Interstate 35 are from illegals. Ninety percent of the 50% have absolutely no identification.
Speaker: roger williams
About the speaker: Roger Williams won election to represent the newly created Congressional District 25 in 2012. He is a former Texas secretary of state, the state's chief elections officer. He was appointed by President George W. Bush in 2001 as chairman of the Republican National Finance Committee’s Eagles fundraising program and also has served as state finance chair for John Cornyn's 2002 Senate campaign, according to his campaign website.
Date: August 22, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Williams said, "50% of the DUIs on Interstate 35 are from illegals. Ninety percent of the 50% have absolutely no identification." There is no  to support Williams’ , which an aide said was based on a meeting he had with law enforcement officers in his district. The aide did not identify the officers or the agency where they worked. Data shows that small percentages of those charged with DWI in jurisdictions along I-35 within the 25th Congressional District lack legal immigration status. We rate this  .  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  .
Statement: We spend more on health care than any other country, but we're ranked 47th in life expectancy and 43rd in child mortality.
Speaker: democratic national committee
About the speaker: The Democratic National Committee is the national organization of Democrats.
Date: August 13, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: the Democratic Party platform
Fact-check justification: That's because each of these organizations ranks countries differently. The U.S. Census Bureau includes many more places in its rankings, such as tiny territories and small chunks of countries, as the Wall Street Journal's "The Numbers Guy" blog has pointed out. Still, no matter whose list you check, there's no denying that the United States' infant mortality rate is higher than other large industrialized countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany and Japan. And this is  despite the United States being the world leader in spending. We give the Democratic platform committee a .
Statement: By 2009, "dozens of senior terrorists had been taken off the battlefield" by drones.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 10, 2014
Location: national
Topics: afghanistan;iraq;legal issues;foreign policy;military;terrorism
Context: her book, "Hard Choices"
Fact-check justification: Clinton said that "dozens of senior terrorists had been taken off the battlefield" by drones. While it’s difficult to find a definitive number just using publicly available , even a conservative estimate using credible accounts is enough to rate her  .
Statement: Roughly 500,000 Georgians -- or about 5 percent of the state's residents -- have gone through a background check to legally obtain a Georgia weapons carry license.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: April 23, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: guns
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Summary: There’s no firm data on how many gun permits are out there. Deal made clear that the number he quoted was a rough estimate of gun permits in Georgia. It falls in line with the lowest of the estimates out there. Deal’s statement is accurate but needs a bit of additional context to be fully understood. We rate the governor’s statement .
Statement: There (are) over 800 prison camps in the United States, all fully operational and ready to receive prisoners. They are all staffed and even surrounded by full-time guards, but they are all empty. These camps are to be operated by FEMA.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 19, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A FEMA spokesperson said the  is . There is no , such as media or government reports, to support the . Meanwhile, there are many reports that debunk  claims about FEMA camps. Information cited in the  as purported proof — including specific executive orders and alleged locations of camps — is  or . We rate this  !
Statement: Since a new immigration program was implemented, the number of Venezuelans trying to enter the U.S. illegally decreased "from about 1,100 per day to less than 250 per day on average.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: January 5, 2023
Topics: immigration;border security
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: At the same time, Mexico began accepting Venezuelans who had been quickly turned away from the U.S. border under a public health policy from which they previously had been exempt. Experts say it’s unclear whether the decrease in numbers can be attributed solely to the parole program; it also might be impacted by the use of Title 42 to quickly deport Venezuelans to Mexico. Also, data is available only for one full month of the program, so the long-term effects of the parole and Title 42 on deterring illegal immigration is not yet known, experts said.    The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Said U.S. Rep. Jim Marshall, D-Macon, sent nearly $2 billion overseas to build wind turbines and create jobs, mostly in China
Speaker: austin scott
About the speaker: Austin Scott is a Republican candidate for Georgia's 8th Congressional District
Date: October 5, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: environment;message machine 2010;stimulus
Context: a TV campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: The $2 billion figure is old and . Even critics agree that money is staying in the country in the form of domestic construction and manufacturing jobs, though the amount is unclear and most jobs are short-term. It's not possible for domestic manufacturers to produce all the wind turbines because they don't have enough capacity. And the overseas jobs in question are  in Europe, not China. We rule Scott's statement .