chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Some of the men serving in the (Afghan) armed forces have never driven a vehicle before.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: January 17, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: afghanistan
Context: comments to reporters
Fact-check justification: "The statement you have quoted from Marco Rubio seems plausible because a great majority of Afghans of military age have grown up during the devastating war years of the last three decades plus, and are unlikely to have driven any vehicles," Shahrani said. Shahrani said the inability to drive would be particularly common in the remote Afghan countryside. Experts and news accounts agree with Rubio. One of the problems facing American soldiers training the new Afghan army is that many members of the new Afghan force don't know how to drive or have never driven. We rate this  .
Statement: As president, Donald Trump "marshaled the full power of government to stop deadly drugs, opioids, and fentanyl from coming into our country. As a result, drug overdose deaths declined nationwide for the first time in nearly 30 years.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 6, 2023
Topics: drugs
Context: a campaign website
Fact-check justification: Trump said that as president, he "marshaled the full power of government to stop deadly drugs, opioids, and fentanyl from coming into our country. As a result, drug overdose deaths declined nationwide for the first time in nearly 30 years." The overdose death rate did drop from 2017 to 2018. But this is a cherry-picked view of the trends on Trump’s watch.  In the other three of his four years in office, the overdose death rate rose, including a record increase in 2020. The rate did not turn a corner in 2018 and continue declining; the reality was just the opposite. And looking just at overdose deaths from synthetic opioids — the closely watched category that accounts for the largest share of all opioid overdose deaths — the rate rose every year of Trump’s presidency. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Walmart, Amazon, Kroger, Target and Costco "have not had any reported (coronavirus) cases in the news.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 29, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: BuzzFeed reported in late March that Costco employees had said that managers in at least eight stores had notified staff that a coworker had tested positive.   • An employee at a Seattle-area Costco died after contracting COVID-19.    COVID-19 cases involving employees at these companies have been well-documented in news reports. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: For the first time in history, my administration posts our White House visitors online.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 27, 2010
Location: national
Topics: ethics;legal issues;transparency
Context: a State of the Union speech
Fact-check justification: He's right that the release was unprecedented -- there is no dispute that the Obama administration has released more information from the logs than any previous administration. But there is still a gap for roughly the first nine months that Obama was in office. And the administration has given itself a significant loophole with the exemption for sensitivity, especially given that there's already a substantial delay built into the release. So while he's opened the records and earned praise from open-government advocates, it's not quite as sweeping as he suggests. We find his  .
Statement: President (Donald) Trump pardons Kim Davis.
Speaker: ourlandofthefree.com
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news. 
Date: August 26, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: an Internet post
Fact-check justification: OurLandOfTheFree.com said at the bottom of its home page that the site’s creators "make no guarantee that what you read here is . In fact, it most definitely is not." Its About Us page noted, "All posts should be considered satirical and all images photoshopped to look like something they’re not." The story about Davis being pardoned by Trump is as made up as the other articles on the site. We rate this statement !
Statement: Dan Branch "once lobbied for the AFL-CIO.
Speaker: ken paxton
About the speaker: As a Republican state senator, Ken Paxton won election as Texas attorney general in 2014. He previously served as a Texas House member from McKinney.
Date: May 11, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;economy;labor
Context: a news story
Fact-check justification: Paxton said Branch once lobbied on behalf of the AFL-CIO, the umbrella group for dozens of unions. Branch registered to lobby in Washington, D.C., in 2002 for a union affiliated with the labor federation that sought federal help preserving jobs near an Ohio facility that was otherwise shutting down. Whatever precise role Branch played for the union, there's no  he lobbied for the AFL-CIO. Mark this  as .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: President Trump has come into contact with a potential coronavirus sufferer!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 9, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A headline on a Daily Mail video shared on Facebook claimed Trump has come into contact with a "potential coronavirus sufferer." Trump shook hands with Matt Schlapp, a man who says he had been in contact days earlier with someone who is reportedly being treated for the virus. Schlapp says he has had no symptoms of the illness. Some may argue third-hand contact indicates possible exposure for Trump, but such a conclusion ignores available . While the Daily Mail did qualify its assertion by using the word "potential" in "potential coronavirus sufferer," the headline (which ended in an exclamation point) nevertheless led readers to believe that Trump’s exposure is worthy of alarm. Indeed, anyone in a population could be a "potential" coronavirus sufferer.  Based on what is verifiable, we rate the statement .
Statement: Says "Obama's deadliest cover-up (in an explosion that killed 29 miners) has been uncovered" by internal government documents.
Speaker: don blankenship
About the speaker: Don Blankenship is a candidate for U.S. senator from West Virginia and the former CEO of Massey Energy. He spent a year in jail for his conviction on conspiring to avoid mine safety regulations, an act that led to the deaths of 29 miners in a 2010 mine explosion.
Date: December 3, 2017
Location: national
Topics: elections;legal issues;government regulation
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Blankenship produced an ad that said the Obama administration’s internal review of the Mine Safety and Health Administration’s role in a deadly mine explosion was "fixed." The ad said the government’s own documents revealed "Obama’s deadliest cover-up." Blankenship’s spokesman claimed to have emails that proved the point, but said the campaign would not share them. An extensive review of multiple government reports, plus a search through a database of thousands of news articles produced no supporting facts. The head of an independent investigation said he had come across nothing that pointed to a fix. In fact, his group’s report along with one other sharply criticized government regulators for failing to crack down on the abuses of Blankenship’s company. There is no substance to this  and the campaign did not provide anything that would back it up. We rate it . Additional reporting by Ken Ward, Charleston Gazette-Mail
Statement: Last week the Blue Chip Economic Indicators came out that surveys lots of private forecasters. Almost all of them are predicting a turnaround in the third quarter and positive growth in the fourth quarter.
Speaker: christina romer
About the speaker: Christina Romer is the former chair of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Barack Obama.
Date: March 15, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: an interview on Meet the Press
Fact-check justification: Very few economists predicted the current economic crisis. One who did, New York University professor and noted pessimist Nouriel Roubini (who is not a Blue Chip panelist), said on March 9 that he saw "no hope for the recession ending in 2009 and (it) will more than likely last into 2010." But Romer is entitled to highlight optimistic forecasts. And it's  that almost all the panelists surveyed in Blue Chip Economic Indicators predicted a rebound by the fourth quarter of 2009. We find Romer's  to be .
Statement: Illegal immigration and the crime rate are as low as they've been in decades.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 27, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration;history;crime
Context: a speech at the Democratic National Convention
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "Illegal immigration and the crime rate are as low as they’ve been in decades." The data generally support his , but the numbers aren't perfect. There's a hint of a recent uptick in crime based on partial and preliminary data from 2015 and 2016, and estimates of illegal immigration have to rely on border patrol apprehensions because it's impossible to directly count the number of people sneaking into the United States. With those words of caution in mind, we rate Obama's  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/7b8d1f60-5715-4cd5-9bf2-999919183a31
Statement: In the event of a U.S. strike on Syria, "the Russians will replace the weapons immediately. They've said it on the record. They've suggested they might even replace it with better stuff.
Speaker: alan grayson
About the speaker: Alan Grayson was initially elected to Congress in 2008, then defeated for re-election in 2010. He was elected again to Congress from a different district in 2012. He lost the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate in Florida in 2016.
Date: September 7, 2013
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military
Context: an interview with the "Washington Post"
Fact-check justification: Grayson said that in the event of a U.S. strike on Syria, "the Russians will replace the weapons immediately. They’ve said it on the record. They’ve suggested they might even replace it with better stuff." Grayson’s office offered an array of , but none of it definitively proves his . Putin’s comments -- the only ones that could support a  about what Russia has said "on the record" -- suggest that Russia is reserving the right to replace Syrian military hardware destroyed by a U.S. attack, but the Russian leader’s own words do not go as far Grayson suggests. Grayson has not provided proof that Russia has said it "will" pursue that course, or that Russia will do so "immediately." There is also no indication that Russia would supply Syria with more advanced weapons than the ones destroyed. We rate the  .
Statement: FEMA camps are open for the upcoming arrests for crimes against humanity.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 8, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The person in the video is a London-based, self-described "chief-federal-postal-court-judge" who says he has jurisdiction "over any governments, courts and corporations." But we found no  that he actually has any such authority, much less that he can authorize a former U.S. president to open FEMA camps to incarcerate people accused of crimes against humanity.   As we’ve previously reported , claims of FEMA prison camps are part of a long-running and debunked conspiracy theory.   This post is baseless. We rate it !
Statement: Over the last 10 years, Georgia's public health has declined.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: April 13, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: public health
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Georgia Division of Public Health figures paint a mixed picture as well. All sources we consulted found that the health of Georgians improved in some important categories and declined in others. Overall, Georgia’s health hasn’t truly "declined" in the past decade as Deal said. It’s consistently low compared with other states, and during the past 10 years, our record has been mixed. We rate Deal’s  .
Statement: The Freedom to Vote Act is "a sprawling takeover of our whole political system.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: January 19, 2022
Location: national
Topics: congress;elections
Context: a Senate hearing
Fact-check justification: McConnell said that the federal Freedom to Vote legislation is "a sprawling takeover of our whole political system." The legislation would give the federal government more power to set uniform rules for voter registration and casting ballots, and to review changes to state voting laws to make sure they won’t discriminate against minority voters.  But adding regulations does not amount to a "takeover" of the "whole political system," which implies that the federal government alone would have absolute power over the way campaigns and elections are conducted. Under the Democrats’ legislation, state and local officials would still be in charge of choosing voting sites, hiring local election officials, setting local elections budgets and staffing polling sites.  McConnell’s argument ignores that the U.S. the Constitution gives Congress broad power to make or alter election regulations. We rate this statement .  RELATED: Same-day voter registration is on the Democrats’ wishlist. Why do some Republicans oppose it? RELATED: All of PolitiFact’s fact-checks about elections
Statement: Gov. Scott Walker hired convicted Assembly Speaker Scott Jensen to oversee a raid on the state employee retirement system to help balance the state budget.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: January 20, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;state budget
Context: a chain email and -- briefly -- a union web site
Fact-check justification: Walker has promised that cuts will be made in public employee benefits and suggested the state could reduce union bargaining rights. It may have been a bit of satirical venting, but not everyone got the joke. PolitiFact’s national site has evaluated 90 chain e-mails , and found many of them to contain simply  claims. This  news story joins the heap. Feel free to forward these words: .
Statement: Says the state of Maryland issued these Independence Day 2020 safety guidelines.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 14, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: STATE FIRE MARSHAL WARNS OF FICTITOUS ONLINE FIREWORKS POSTER - The OSFM is asking citizens to be aware of a  online information about Independence Day celebrations - https://t.co/M7Iru9Bb1w pic.twitter.com/EM9SjSURin    We rate this  notice !
Statement: West Coast wildfires are due to "bad forest maintenance," not climate change.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 10, 2020
Location: california
Topics: environment;climate change;fires
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Viral Facebook posts dismiss the possibility that climate change is fueling the West Coast wildfires, instead citing "bad forestry practices" and "a total lack of forest maintenance." Experts told us that climate change has undoubtedly contributed to the frequency, intensity and scope of wildfires along the West Coast, and that forest maintenance can be used to mitigate those effects in forests.  We rate these posts . ​
Statement: They voted for (a border wall) in 2006. Then-Senator Obama voted for it. Sen. Schumer voted for it. Sen. Clinton voted for it.
Speaker: mick mulvaney
About the speaker: In December 2018, President Donald Trump named Mick Mulvaney as his acting chief of staff. In 2017, Trump nominated Mulvaney to direct the Office of Management and Budget, and he was confirmed shortly after. Before, he served as the new U.S. Congressman for South Carolina's 5th District from 2010-2017. Mulvaney grew up in the Carolinas and went to Georgetown University. He attended law school at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and later did additional course work at Harvard Business School.
His professional background includes law and real estate.
Date: April 23, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a segment on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Mulvaney said that Obama, Schumer and Clinton voted for a border wall in 2006. They did vote for the Secure Fence Act of 2006, which authorized building a fence along about 700 miles of the border between the United States and Mexico. Still, the fence they voted for is not as substantial as the wall Trump is proposing. Trump himself called the 2006 fence a "nothing wall." Mulvaney’s statement is partially accurate, but ignores important context. We rate it .
Statement: Says this crowd video shows the ongoing protests in Cuba.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: July 11, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: This video doesn’t show people protesting and it was not taken in Cuba. As many pointed out in the comments, the video shows Buenos Aires, where Argentina soccer fans celebrated the team’s July 10 championship win over Brazil for the Copa América cup. The clip features the famous Obelisco de Buenos Aires landmark lit up in blue to represent the team’s colors. An image by the Associated Press also shows the celebration near the monument, as do several other videos taken that night.   We rate this post .
Statement: A bill backed by Sean Duffy and other House Republicans "could actually require the Internal Revenue Service to conduct audits of rape victims" who get an abortion.
Speaker: democratic party of wisconsin
About the speaker: The Democratic Party of Wisconsin focuses on advancing state Democratic candidates and related issues.
Date: January 19, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;crime;women;taxes
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: We’ll note again that the provision criticized by Democratic Party was in place when the party made its , but was removed before the bill was approved by the House. Our rating The Wisconsin Democratic Party said a bill backed by Duffy and other House Republicans "could actually require the Internal Revenue Service to conduct audits of rape victims" who get an abortion. The version of the bill criticized by the party did not contain any audit requirements. We rate the  . Follow us on Twitter and Facebook .
Statement: Presidents Hoover, Truman and Eisenhower collectively ordered the deportation of at least 15 million illegal aliens.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: June 9, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;history;legal issues
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: The official total from 1930 to 1960 is 477,000 formal removals and 5.4 million who left voluntarily. That 30-year period includes the entirety of Roosevelt's terms, not just the three presidents cited in the e-mail. Added together, the number who left would be just under 6 million -- less than half of what the e-mail claims -- and about 90 percent of them were not deported. It would be too generous to call the e-mail . We rate it .
Statement: Our welfare system now consumes 42 percent of our budget.
Speaker: patricia morgan
About the speaker: State Rep. Patricia L. Morgan, a Republican from West Warwick, is a vice president and financial adviser with Spire Investment Partners and has served as member of the House in the Rhode Island General Assembly since 2011.
Date: November 6, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: elections;medicaid;welfare
Context: a campaign flier
Fact-check justification: State Rep. Patricia Morgan says spending on "welfare systems" in Rhode Island accounts for 42 percent of the budget. Even working with Morgan's broad definition of welfare, our analysis showed that figure is closer to 31 percent. Why does this matter? As Morgan’s flier noted, social-service programs, particularly Medicaid, are clearly putting an increasing strain on state and federal taxpayers. That’s a big challenge for lawmakers. It’s important to get the numbers right. We rule Morgan's statement .