chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: We are in the sixth year of recovery, and median income is below what it was at the start of the recovery.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: April 14, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;income
Context: an interview with the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
Fact-check justification: Bush said that "we are in the sixth year of recovery, and median income is below what it was at the start of the recovery." He’s right, once you take inflation into account and if you use the most recent data available, which goes through 2013. We rate his  .
Statement: We need an ID" to "buy a beer.
Speaker: brad schimel
About the speaker: Republican Brad Schimel was elected in 2006 as the district attorney in Waukesha County, which borders Milwaukee County. He was the GOP nominee for Wisconsin attorney general in the November 2014 election, and defeated Susan Happ to win the office. After he was defeated in November 2018, he was appointed a circuit court judge in Waukesha County.
Date: August 12, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: alcohol;elections;legal issues
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Our rating Schimel says: "We need an ID" to "buy a beer." It’s a particularly  statement in the context in which the attorney general made it  — citing the state law that requires a photo ID in order to vote. In some places, especially if you look like you might be younger than 21, you might be required to show an ID in order to buy beer. But state law does not require people who want to buy a beer to produce an ID  — as many Wisconsin beer drinkers have known for many years. For a statement that contains only an element of , we give Schimel a .
Statement: Says "I've been proven right" about "Hillary Clinton's radical call for open borders, meaning anyone in the world can enter the United States without any limit at all.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 10, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Ambridge, Pa
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "I’ve been proven right" about "Hillary Clinton's radical call for open borders, meaning anyone in the world can enter the United States without any limit at all." Trump is referring to a leaked speech excerpt in which Clinton purportedly says, "My dream is a hemispheric common market, with open trade and open borders, some time in the future with energy that is as green and sustainable as we can get it, powering growth and opportunity for every person in the hemisphere." We don’t have more context about what Clinton meant by "open borders" because she has not released the full speech. Her campaign has said she was talking about clean energy across the hemisphere. Trump argues that it directly applies to her current immigration policy. She has not called for open borders in this campaign. Clinton has proposed making it easier for the current undocumented population to gain a path to citizenship with conditions, but she has also supported beefed-up border security. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/cad1cc7a-6265-40a9-a8d4-2df1d465d1ae
Statement: Says 600,000 to 700,000 government workers have been laid off in the last year and a half
Speaker: bill pascrell
About the speaker: Bill Pascrell is Democratic member of the House of Representatives from New Jersey.
Date: September 2, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs
Context: interview on WNYC’s The Brian Lehrer Show
Fact-check justification: According to data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the nation has lost 512,000 government jobs at the federal, state and local level in the past 18 months. Pascrell’s numbers were off, but not wildly off. And his argument that public-sector job losses are having an impact on net job growth is valid. We rate his statement . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Ketanji Brown Jackson "gave a lecture talking about critical race theory as one of the components to consider when you are making decisions on the bench.
Speaker: marsha blackburn
About the speaker: Marsha Blackburn, a native of Laurel, Miss., was first elected to represent Tennessee’s 7th Congressional District in 2002. Blackburn was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018,
Date: March 22, 2022
Location: tennessee
Topics: legal issues;race and ethnicity;supreme court
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Blackburn claimed that Jackson in 2015 "gave a lecture talking about critical race theory as one of the components to consider when you are making decisions on the bench." Jackson was speaking about sentencing policy, not how judges make decisions on the bench. She said sentencing policy is interesting on an intellectual level because it "melds together myriad types of law," as well as critical race theory, negotiations and contracts. We rate Blackburn’s statement .
Statement: Drug prices are coming down, first time in 51 years because of my administration.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 22, 2019
Location: national
Topics: drugs;health care
Context: a speech at the White House
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Drug prices are coming down, first time in 51 years because of my administration." There is data that could conceivably support the argument that the list prices for some prescription drugs dipped in 2018. But that data doesn’t include many high-priced specialty drugs that drive costs up or the fact that some individual drug prices have increased. Nationally, spending on drugs has continued to climb, even if that growth has slowed. There is also no  to support the argument that Trump himself is responsible for changes in drug pricing. This  has an element of , but it ignores key facts and context that would give a very different impression. We rate this  . '
Statement: Says Joe Biden told Americans, 'If you elect me, your taxes are going to be raised, not cut.
Speaker: america first
About the speaker: America First is a primary Super PAC dedicated to electing federal candidates who support President Donald Trump’s agenda.
Date: August 4, 2020
Location: national
Topics: taxes;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: An America First Action ad showed Biden saying, "Guess what, if you elect me, your taxes are going to be raised, not cut." The ad takes his words out of context. Biden was not speaking about the impact of his plan on all Americans. The comment came during a South Carolina event, when a member of his crowd said he or she had benefited from the GOP-led tax bill. The full context of the quote shows Biden saying that individual’s taxes would be "raised, not cut, if you benefited from that." We rate this ad’s main  .
Statement: Almost every state has offered an insurance plan on its health exchange that does not cover abortion.
Speaker: the rhode island catholic
About the speaker: The Rhode Island Catholic is the official weekly newspaper of the Catholic Diocese of Providence. Formerly known as The Providence Visitor, it was renamed in 2007.
Date: October 2, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: abortion;health care;women
Context: a newspaper editorial
Fact-check justification: The Rhode Island Catholic newspaper said that Rhode Island is one of the few states that does not offer an insurance option that excludes most abortion coverage. According to a federal report, only Rhode Island and four other states fall into that category. We rule the statement . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Says Austin's treated wastewater, put into the Colorado River, is of higher quality than water the city takes from the lake for public use.
Speaker: lee leffingwell
About the speaker: Lee Leffingwell, initially elected mayor in 2009, is a former Austin City Council member and retired airline pilot. Leffingwell, a past chair of the city's Environmental Board, grew up in Austin's Bouldin neighborhood, according to the biography posted on the city's web site.
Date: December 13, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: environment;water
Context: an Austin City Council meeting
Fact-check justification: Leffingwell said Austin’s treated wastewater, put into the river, is of higher quality than water the city removes upstream for public use. Some indicators suggest the river below Austin is of higher quality for aquatic life than the water in Lake Austin, but other measurements suggest higher downstream levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Besides, the mayor specified that the wastewater effluent is of higher quality than water in Lake Austin. The state’s analysis was that some elements of the effluent are better, some worse, with which the utility seemed to concur. This  ultimately strikes us as oversimplifying a judgment that depends on which of many possible quality indicators is considered most significant. We rate it as .
Statement: The Obama administration approved the sale of bump fire stocks on at least two occasions.
Speaker: national rifle association
About the speaker: An advocacy group that fights restrictions on the right to bear arms.
Date: October 5, 2017
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The NRA said, "The Obama administration approved the sale of bump fire stocks on at least two occasions." We indeed found two occasions in which ATF, a bureau within the executive branch, decided it could not regulate bump stocks during the Obama administration. These decisions allowed two companies to sell bump stocks. It’s important to note this was not a statement of Obama’s preferred policy, which called for more regulation of guns, but was what the agency determined it had to do under the language of current law. We rate this statement .
Statement: Kendrick Meek is the only candidate who has consistently been against expanded drilling.
Speaker: kendrick meek
About the speaker: Kendrick Meek is a former U.S. Representative for Congressional District 17 in Miami, serving from 2003 to 2011. He campaigned for the U.S. Senate and was defeated on Nov. 2, 2010.
Date: May 25, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: energy
Context: his campaign website, asking supporters to sign a petition to oppose offshore oil drilling
Fact-check justification: Faced with those circumstances, Democrats acted to limit offshore drilling, because otherwise it would have been open season,’’ said Adam Sharon, Meek’s spokesman. That gets us back to Meek’s original statement that he's "the only candidate who has consistently been against expanded drilling." Meek did vote at least one time to expand drilling -- though the legislation only allowed it in limited cases and under specific conditions that probably would never have happened. And his Senate opponents either don’t share his opposition to offshore oil drilling or have not held public office to warrant a documented account of their stance on the issue. So, given the political posturing over the 2008 vote, we rate Meek’s  as .
Statement: State "school funding per pupil is down 16 percent compared to 2009, after adjusting for inflation.
Speaker: virginia education association
About the speaker: The Virginia Education Association is a lobbying organization that represents 50,000 Virginia teachers and public education professionals
Date: January 2, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: The VEA says the state’s "funding per pupil is down 16 percent compared to 2009, after adjusting for inflation." Data we gathered shows that Virginia’s funding per student, when adjusted for inflation, dropped by roughly 16.3 percent between the 2008-09 school and the 2013-14 year. We rate the VEA’s statement .
Statement: Says Jeb Bush and Marco Rubio "had it set so that the winner takes everything, because they wanted to make sure that I didn't get anything" in the Florida primary.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 12, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: Rome, N.Y
Fact-check justification: Trump says that Bush and Rubio "had it set so that the winner takes everything, because they wanted to make sure that I didn't get anything" in the Florida primary. It wasn’t Bush or Rubio who set those rules for the March 15, 2016, primary. It was the Florida Legislature that passed the bill setting the date, allowing the state GOP to decide whether to make it winner-take-all. By that point, Trump was a potential candidate, but he wasn’t seen as a major threat to Rubio or Bush -- especially in Florida -- at that point. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: Trash bins discovered outside the Gloucester County Board of Elections containing blank ballots as well as bags of shredded ballots from Tuesday's election!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 3, 2021
Location: national
Topics: new jersey;elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In a statement about the videos , the Gloucester County Clerk’s Office said that the prosecutor's office investigated reports that individuals were seen in videos rummaging through recycling containers outside the election office and said that their claims of fraud are . "The materials in the recycling containers were not viable for any electoral use," the office said.   On Nov. 3, the office said staff members put the following items into sealed boxes and placed them in the recycling containers: • One box of outdated yellow business reply mail envelopes (specific to the 2021 primary election); • Three boxes of outdated instructional inserts illustrating how to complete and return a mail ballot (specific to the 2021 general election); and • One bag of shredded green certificate envelopes from some undeliverable 2021 general election ballots that were returned by the U.S. Postal Service and spoiled ballots that were brought in by constituents for replacement due to ballots being torn, damaged or incorrectly marked. "These items have no viable election use and were discarded in accordance with the law," the office concluded. We rate this post .
Statement: The new 21st State Senate district was "created in secret for Van Wanggaard. It was drawn within half a block of his house.
Speaker: john lehman
About the speaker: John Lehman is a Democrat representing Wisconsin's 21st state Senate District, a position he won in a 2012 recall election against incumbent Van Wanggaard. Lehman had previously held the seat, which includes the Racine area. He won the Democratic primary for attorney general Aug. 12, 2014.
Date: July 10, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Lehman says the new 21st State Senate district was "created in secret for Van Wanggaard. It was drawn within half a block of his house." It’s common, of course, for the party in control to draw maps favorable for itself -- and the lines in question here have been approved by the courts. While the points Lehman cites may sound outrageous, even unbelievable, the record shows them to be accurate. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Nancy Pelosi called Social Security recipients "leeches" and "burdens on society.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 9, 2020
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: RELATED: If you're fooled by  news, this man probably wrote it The website contains a disclaimer that says, "Everything on this website is fiction. It is not a lie and it is not  news because it is not real. If you believe that it is real, you should have your head examined." However, these articles are frequently copied to other websites, or in this case, social media posts, that don't include any indication that the information was made-up. We rate this !
Statement: Says legislative cuts mean Texas is "spending on average $500 less per student.
Speaker: donna howard
About the speaker: Donna Howard is a state representative from Austin.
Date: March 24, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: remarks at a Texas Capitol rally
Fact-check justification: Howard’s statement is about the effect of two major legislative actions on public school funding. By every measure we found and one that we ginned up, those actions resulted in a per-student funding reduction of at least $500. We think it’s significant that those figures represent averages — a fact that Howard noted in her rally remarks. That means some districts were likely to be hit harder, others less hard, especially by the legislated cuts to grants, which are not distributed uniformly to districts. We rate Howard’s  .
Statement: We are poised to get rid of over 1,000 more regulations in 2012.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: February 11, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: government regulation;regulation
Context: speech at CPAC
Fact-check justification: Instead, we wanted to to see if Scott was accurately describing the magnitude of the changes he's pushing through. Scott is proud of his focus on eliminating state rules (even bragging about it on pre-recorded messages to callers of the governor's office placed on hold). We looked at the numbers and saw he's around where he said he would be, at 926 rules set to be repealed. But a good chunk -- 270 -- would come with the help of the Legislature. We rate this .
Statement: Wendy Davis is "threatening to raise taxes up to $35 billion.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: October 18, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a Facebook page
Fact-check justification: Abbott said Davis is threatening to raise taxes up to $35 billion. If Texas eliminated every exemption as defined by the state comptroller, it’s reasonable to speculate that tax revenues would increase about $38 billion a year. But Davis isn’t calling for an across-the-board repeal. In the cited interview, she didn’t even identify an exemption she believes has run its course. Rather, she favors a study involving legislative and public input before final decisions, which at the least leaves resulting tax effects unknown. Abbott’s  has an element of , but generally ignores critical facts that would give an accurate impression. We rate this statement as .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: President Donald Trump's tax returns show "what any wealthy person's tax history is, if you can believe it — which is good years and bad years, years of immense taxes and years of almost no taxes at all because you carry over losses.
Speaker: hugh hewitt
About the speaker: Hugh Hewitt is the host of a nationally syndicated radio show and a columnist.
Date: September 28, 2020
Topics: pundits;taxes;punditfact
Context: a radio show
Fact-check justification: Hewitt said Trump’s tax returns show "what any wealthy person's tax history is, if you can believe it — which is good years and bad years, years of immense taxes and years of almost no taxes at all because you carry over losses." Wealthy business people do sometimes experience a mix of good and bad years, with fluctuations in their tax liabilities, and they deploy similar strategies to reduce their tax bills. But a key difference is scale. Trump’s tax avoidance as documented by the Times is exceptionally aggressive, experts said, and the losses he has used to reduce his income taxes are bigger and more persistent than what’s typical. We rate Hewitt’s statement .
Statement: Says Adam Schiff is "under investigation for Ukrainian Burisma oil connections.
Speaker: one america news
About the speaker: One America News is a conservative cable news service founded by Robert Herring.
Date: November 30, 2019
Topics: impeachment;facebook fact-checks
Context: a news report
Fact-check justification: One America News said that Schiff is "under investigation for Ukrainian Bursima oil connections." The notion that Schiff has "connections" to Burisma oil stems from a news conference held by two Ukrainian lawmakers, who actually never mentioned Schiff or presented official documents. The lawmakers called for an investigation; they did not announce one. The news report confused earnings on mutual fund investments with campaign donations. The firms cited gave no money to Schiff. We rate this  !
Statement: Migrant mother and 'crying girl' on Time cover never separated.
Speaker: the gateway pundit
About the speaker: The Gateway Pundit is a conservative website.
Date: June 21, 2018
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: A headline by The Gateway Pundit said "Migrant mother and ‘crying girl’ on Time cover never separated." A Getty photographer took a photo of a girl crying when her mother was detained by the Border Patrol. The girl’s father, as well as a Border Patrol agent, confirmed that the girl and her mother were not separated. The agent said they were separated for a few minutes while the mother was searched. Time published a correction in a story in which the photographer was interviewed stating that the girl was not carried away by agents and the two were taken away together. We rate this  .
Statement: Tap water is testing positive for COVID!
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: December 5, 2021
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: A tweet said that Abbott’s rapid COVID-19 test showed tap water testing positive for the virus. The Abbott test, however, was not used correctly, as it was not meant to be used with liquids. Meanwhile, there is no  that COVID-19 has been detected in drinking water. We rate this  .