chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Donald Trump said, "I never told anybody but she knighted me in private.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 11, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: We found no  Trump posted this. It’s not in his  Social feed , and although we found a post from another user claiming that Trump shared that message, there’s nothing to corroborate that.   A Trump spokesperson told  The Associated Press that the image isn’t an authentic screenshot of a Trump post.   Trump did once  that a 2019 visit he took to the United Kingdom was the most fun the queen had had in 25 years, but he didn’t say what the post claims. We rate claims that this screenshot is authentic .
Statement: Says an image depicts Hurricane Dorian over the Bahamas.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 3, 2019
Topics: weather;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But who made the altered version? In a fact-check published Sept. 4, the Associated Press talked to artist Brent Shavnore, who originally published the image on his Instagram page April 12. He told the AP that he makes YouTube tutorials about how to create digital art like the altered photo of Miami Beach. The Facebook post is not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: If you've been exposed to the stomach flu," you can avoid getting it if you "drink 3 glasses of 100% grape juice a day for 3 days. It changes the acidity in your stomach. ...This really works!!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 10, 2020
Topics: food;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says:  "If you’ve been exposed to the stomach flu," you can avoid getting it if you "drink 3 glasses of 100% grape juice a day for 3 days. It changes the acidity in your stomach. ...This really works!!" This  surfaces periodically but experts say there is no scientific  to back it up. Our rating is .
Statement: Over the history of Austin, it's always gotten more expensive.
Speaker: mike martinez
About the speaker: Mike Martinez,a former firefighter and 2014 candidate for mayor of Austin, served multiple terms on the Austin City Council; her last term ended in early 2015.
Date: April 19, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: economy;history
Context: an interview with Austin's KUT, 90.5 FM
Fact-check justification: In some ways, Austin has grown more expensive of late. Yet rents dipped in some years. And the area’s average annual pay outpaced inflation over a recent decade. Also, while we did not come up with precise pre-1990s information, it's reasonable to speculate that periods of economic difficulty through history included decreases in Austin's cost of living. This  has a nowadays’ ring of , but its "always" element disregards times when costs dropped. We rate Martinez’s statement .
Statement: Politicians "receive full pay retirement after serving 1 term!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 13, 2020
Topics: congress;corrections and updates;military;pensions;facebook fact-checks
Context: on social media
Fact-check justification: The Facebook post said, politicians "receive full pay retirement after serving 1 term!" The description of the military pension is in the ballpark, but incomplete and somewhat outdated. However, the description of the congressional pension is thoroughly . Retired lawmakers don’t "receive full pay" for their pension, and unless they were already a federal employee for three years before entering Congress, they wouldn’t be vested after serving just "1 term." Meanwhile, the earliest any retired lawmaker could start receiving a pension is 50 years of age. We rate the statement . Correction , May 6, 2020: This version corrects the pension calculations in the examples for the 25-year and five-year member of Congress. The rating remains the same.
Statement: Gov. Sarah Palin "got precisely zero support for her call for Alaska's Democratic Senator Mark Begich to resign because Ted Stevens' corruption conviction was overturned.
Speaker: rachel maddow
About the speaker: Rachel Maddow is the host of MSNBC’s “The Rachel Maddow Show”. She formerly hosted a radio program of the same name on the defunct Air America network.
Date: April 6, 2009
Location: national
Topics: elections;pundits
Context: an episode of her MSNBC show
Fact-check justification: ConservativeHQ.com, for example, sent out an e-mail alert saying, "The people of Alaska, and all Americans, must rise up and demand that Mark Begich resign." Wev Shea, a former U.S. attorney now in private practice in Anchorage, did not specifically call on Begich to resign but he endorsed the idea of a special election and told the New York Times, "There’s a groundswell all over the state for a special election." So Maddow left her viewers with two  impressions — that Palin had initiated the idea for Begich's resignation, and that no one else supported her. In fact, it wasn't Palin's idea, and she wasn't particularly wedded to it, and others supported it. We find Maddow's  .
Statement: Says the national heath care reform is "a government takeover of health care.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: October 19, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: health care
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: On a radio show last week, Christie claimed the national health care reform was "a government takeover of health care." While the reform gives the federal government a larger role in the health insurance industry, it doesn’t eliminate the private market. In fact, the reform is projected to increase the number of citizens with private health insurance. We know Christie doesn’t like the national health care reform, but he should know better than to call it a "government takeover." That’s been proven  over and over again, making his  simply . ! To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/3ceec3e9-8140-408a-9e30-de59b9e03d82
Statement: Facebook video purports to show man flying a hoverboard at over 103 miles per hour.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 20, 2018
Topics: fake news;transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A video on Facebook showed a man flying while standing on a small device, ostensibly at over 103 miles per hour. He did, though not quite as fast as the headline claimed. We rate this .
Statement: Roseanne Barr made a video of a rainbow in a sprinkler questioning 'what the heck is in our water supply.'
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: May 30, 2023
Topics: science;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: It is this refraction and reflection that create the rainbows in the sky, not a chemical reaction, as the video claims.   Some scientists speculate that climate change may affect the frequency and coloration of rainbows because of changes in rainfall patterns as well as air pollution, which can affect how light scatters . But these theories are not related to a tainted water supply.   Despite the TikTok video’s colorful theory, there is no  that Barr made a video questioning the science of rainbows. We rate this  .
Statement: Two-thirds of American families rely on the mother's income to stay above the poverty level.
Speaker: maria shriver
About the speaker: Maria Shriver is a NBC News correspondent.
Date: May 10, 2015
Topics: economy;poverty;women;punditfact
Context: comments on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Shriver said that for two-thirds of families with children, the mother’s income keeps them out of poverty. According to an analysis of Census Bureau data, the actual figure is closer to one-fourth. The mother’s income matters, but not to the extent she said. An expert said there was a grain of  to Shriver’s  -- a mother’s income makes a big difference in a family’s standard of living -- but not at the percentage Shriver said. We rate her  .
Statement: Says Lee Fisher "wanted a $1.1 billion tax increase which could have driven countless jobs out of state.
Speaker: american crossroads
About the speaker: American Crossroads is a 527 campaign committee that supports Republican candidates.
Date: September 22, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;message machine 2010;stimulus;taxes
Context: an election ad
Fact-check justification: But the way it is used in the ad is : It is  that Fisher, as well as leading Republicans in Ohio at the time, supported the sales tax issue that would have raised $1.1 billion. That’s one element of accuracy. But the ad leaves out important details needed to fully present the statement in proper context. We rate it . Comment on this item .
Statement: Less than 10 percent of Obama's Cabinet appointees "have any experience in the private sector.
Speaker: glenn beck
About the speaker: Glenn Beck is the host of The Glenn Beck Program, a nationally syndicated talk-radio show. He also hosts an Internet-based TV show. Beck formerly hosted a television talk show on CNN Headline News and then Fox News.
Date: November 30, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;pundits
Context: a statement on his show on Fox News Channel
Fact-check justification: So I've learned a lesson here that these kinds of issues are best left addressed by the people who practice them day in and day out." Which brings us back to how Beck used Cembalest's data. We'll acknowledge that rating someone's degree of private-sector experience is an inexact science, and it's  that Beck accurately relayed the information contained in Cembalest's chart. But at PolitiFact we hold people accountable for their own words. So we rate Beck's  .
Statement: Says a photo shows a "lithium mine for hybrid cars.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 19, 2021
Topics: environment;technology;transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The key photo in this comparison is of a gold mine, not a lithium mine, so we rate the post .
Statement: Says Charlie Crist signed "the nation's harshest marijuana laws.
Speaker: progressive choice florida
About the speaker: Progressive Choice Florida is "a diverse coalition of fair-minded, forward-thinking individuals and organizations advocating for leadership that stands firm on progressive principles and genuinely reflects the interests of all progressives across the nation." The site also lists the group as “a 501(c)(4) social welfare advocacy organization.”
Date: June 23, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: crime;marijuana
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: A radio ad says that Charlie Crist signed "the nation’s harshest marijuana laws." As governor, Crist signed laws that cracked down on grow houses and bong sales. But both bills sailed through the Legislature without any particular advocacy from Crist. In both cases, the laws didn’t change Florida’s pre-existing reputation as having tough marijuana laws. We rate this  .
Statement: Congress just voted to exempt themselves from IRS auditing of their personal finances.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 21, 2022
Topics: congress;taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Recent social media posts claimed, "Congress just voted to exempt themselves from IRS auditing of their personal finances." This  appears to have originated from a satirical Twitter account. Members of Congress are not exempt from IRS audits, and lawmakers passed no recent legislation to give themselves this immunity. We rate this  .
Statement: Teachers can only deduct up to $250 for school supplies on their taxes, but billionaires can write off the entire cost of a private jet.
Speaker: melanie d'arrigo
About the speaker: Melanie D'Arrigo, a healthcare advocate and community organizer, is running for Congress in the Third District of New York. She lives in Port Washington, on Long Island.  
Date: February 6, 2022
Location: new york
Topics: education;taxes
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: D’Arrigo said teachers can deduct up to $250 for school supplies on their taxes, but billionaires can write off the entire cost of a private jet. The deduction for teachers who pay for classroom expenses with their own money is currently $250.  Billionaires, or others who can afford a private jet, can write off the entire cost of an airplane in a single year, though the aircraft must be used for business purposes.  But not every billionaire’s purchase of a private airplane would qualify for a deduction under IRS rules.  We rate this  .
Statement: The Cleveland police has issued a stand down order to officers.
Speaker: mike cernovich
About the speaker: Pro-Trump attorney, author and blogger.
Date: July 14, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: public safety
Context: his blog
Fact-check justification: Our rating Cernovich claimed on his blog and Twitter that Cleveland Police have issued a "stand down" order for the RNC. Cleveland police vociferously proclaim this statement 100 percent . The scene on the ground shows plenty of law enforcement doing their jobs. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/4cf751e2-fbbe-4e79-ab95-32b09245a0ed
Statement: We're 49th in the United States in new businesses created.
Speaker: mary burke
About the speaker: Burke is a former Trek Bicycle executive and former Wisconsin Commerce Department secretary who announced on Oct. 7, 2013 that she would seek the Democratic nomination for governor in Wisconsin in the fall 2014 election against incument Republican Gov. Scott Walker. She lost to Walker on Nov. 4, 2014. She is a school board member in Madison, Wisconsin.
Date: October 13, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating In a discussion of how she would be different than Walker, Burke’s  was that Wisconsin is "49th in the United States in new businesses created." Both the study she cited, as well as data seen as a better indicator of startup activity, put Wisconsin at 48th, not 49th. The data is somewhat dated, covering only part of Walker’s time, but is the latest available. With those clarifications, we rate her  . To comment on this item, go to the Journal Sentinel's web page .
Statement: Mostly Democrat states refused to hand over data" that could show election fraud.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 4, 2018
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump tweeted that " Democrat states refused to hand over data." While there are multiple ways to define states as Democratic -- and the White House didn’t explain the definition Trump was using -- he has a point that a variety of predominantly Democratic states were among the states that went the furthest in opposing the commission’s request. They include California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Mexico and Vermont. However, six states won by Trump -- Kentucky, North Dakota, South Carolina, Tennessee, Wyoming and Arizona -- didn’t comply with the commission’s request, and other Republican states complied only in part with the commission’s request. We rate this  . '
Statement: The World Economic Forum "says CBDCs must be 'implanted under your skin' if you want to participate in society.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 14, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) Yann Zopf, a World Economic Forum spokesperson, told PolitiFact the organization never said this.   The story quotes banking and finance professor Richard Werner , who during an interview posted July 7 on YouTube speculated on the possibility of digital currencies someday being implanted into people’s hands. But Werner wasn’t representing the World Economic Forum or saying that the forum was mandating microchip implants.   We rate this  .
Statement: We actually have not required in this law that you carry health insurance.
Speaker: debbie wasserman schultz
About the speaker: Debbie Wasserman Schultz became the chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee in 2011 and resigned in July 2016. The Florida Democrat was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004 after serving in the state senate. She represents Congressional District 23 in Broward and Miami-Dade counties.
Date: April 5, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: Fort Lauderdale, Fla
Fact-check justification: We believe that on a technical level, Wasserman Schultz is correct -- Americans are "not required" under the law to carry health insurance. But her statement is still . The bill's supporters may have been loath to remind voters about the individual mandate for understandable political reasons, but the notion of a "shared responsibility" to obtain health insurance has always been a publicly acknowledged part of the Democratic approach to overhauling health care. Wasserman Schultz's comment strikes us as a too-cute attempt to spin the bill in the wake of attacks by the bill's critics. We rate her statement .
Statement: Tuition-free public universities and colleges are just a pipe dream. False. They were both free up until the Vietnam War.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 1, 2016
Location: national
Topics: education;history
Context: Facebook post by Liberals are Cool
Fact-check justification: A widespread Internet post claims that public colleges and universities were tuition-free up until the Vietnam War. This  takes a potentially factual talking point and stretches it too far. Some public schools had essentially free tuition in the 1960s, but experts say they were largely isolated to California and that it was very much typical for public universities to charge tuition or fees at that point of time. Any  or suggestion that the Vietnam War had an impact on college costs is not borne out by the facts. We rate this  as .   https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/77771a4f-9a2a-4440-89f6-58d38ad18cbe
Statement: The actual (construction) contracts that we've awarded to date have come in several hundred million dollars below estimates.
Speaker: jeff morales
About the speaker: CEO, California High-Speed Rail Authority
Date: October 29, 2015
Location: california
Topics: state budget;transportation
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Jeff Morales, the rail authority’s chief executive officer, said in late October: "The actual (construction) contracts that we’ve awarded to date have come in several hundred million dollars below estimates." After digging out the original documents, the winning bids are a combined $480 million below the authority’s cost estimates. That works out to "several hundred" million. Still, the lower bids do nothing to wipe away the overall project’s financial uncertainty, several experts said. Its  funding gap remains in the tens of billions of dollars. The implication behind Morales’ statement about the bids is that the authority is either controlling its costs or could potentially save money. Officials probably wouldn’t talk about the bids otherwise. Even the authority’s chairman said there’s no way to safeguard against all possible higher expenses. The phrase "to date" in the CEO’s carefully worded comment may be the most critical going forward. Every independent expert we spoke with suggested future cost overruns are likely for the project. Even so, our fact checks evaluate the here and now, and not predictions. We rate the  .    –  The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: A second impeachment means Donald Trump loses his lifetime pension, travel allowance, Secret Service detail, and his ability to run for public office.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 9, 2021
Topics: impeachment;facebook fact-checks
Context: a screenshot
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says that if Trump is impeached again, he will lose his lifetime pension, travel allowance, Secret Service detail, and his ability to run for public office. That  misses the mark on most counts. If the House votes to impeach Trump, the Senate would have to convict him while he’s still in office in order to revoke his lifetime pension and travel allowance. With only days until Biden takes over the White House, that prospect is unlikely, and Trump’s Secret Service detail would remain unaffected. After Trump leaves the White House, the Senate could bar him from holding public office. Congress could also change the law to deny Trump his benefits. But neither would happen simply as the result of impeachment. The post contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . RELATED:  Using the 25th Amendment or impeaching Trump: Could they happen?