chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In 1962, Joe Biden "worked with segregationists," Elizabeth Warren "debated as a pro-Vietnam conservative" while Bernie Sanders "organized against segregation and Vietnam war
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 1, 2020
Topics: civil rights;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said in 1962, Biden "worked with segregationists," Warren called the Democratic Party "subversive" and "debated as a pro-Vietnam conservative" while Sanders "organized against segregation and Vietnam war." In 1962, Biden was a college student and we found no  that he worked with segregationists then. In the 1970s, Biden worked with fellow Democratic lawmakers who were segregationists and opposed federally mandated busing for school desegregation, but the post doesn’t fully reflect his civil rights record.  Warren’s high school friend told the New York Times that she referred to the Democratic Party as subversive. Warren was a conservative as a teenager in the 1960s, but in 1962, she was only 13 years old, and full U.S. troop deployment to Vietnam wouldn’t start for a few more years. Overall, the attack is  about Biden and Warren, although it correctly notes that Sanders opposed segregation and the Vietnam War. We rate the statement .
Statement: Bill Gates admits his COVID-19 vaccine might kill nearly 1 million people.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 30, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: And that actual decision of, OK, let’s go and give this vaccine to the entire world — governments will have to be involved because there will be some risk and indemnification needed before that can be decided on." Gates makes no mention of anyone dying from the vaccine. He’s referring to side effects and suggests, theoretically, that if 7 billion vaccines are administered and one in 10,000 people experience side effects, that would mean 700,000 people experiencing side effects. (The full 26-minute interview is here .) This  is  and  — .
Statement: You take Pulse nightclub. If you had one person in that room that could carry a gun and knew how to use it, it wouldn't have happened, or certainly to the extent that it did.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 28, 2018
Location: national
Topics: congress;guns
Context: a meeting
Fact-check justification: Talking about the Pulse nightclub shooting, Trump said, "If you had one person in that room that could carry a gun and knew how to use it, it wouldn’t have happened, or certainly to the extent that it did." An armed, off-duty police officer in uniform was at the club during the shooting, and exchanged gunfire with the shooter, who managed to kill 49 people. We rate this . PolitiFact Republican guest columnist former U.S. Rep. David Jolly says how politicians use and interpret  facts to influence their policy decisions is rightly a matter of their own personal judgment, for which they are ultimately held accountable by voters. But whether those politicians are actually offering facts or mere falsehoods in justifying their proposals is increasingly a matter for which fact-checking organizations are necessary to provide accountability in our political debates. Read his critique here . Read more about our guest columnists  here.
Statement: U.S. Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, "sends Biden straight to jail.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 31, 2023
Location: ohio
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook.) Jordan doesn’t have the power to send Biden to jail, nor does he threaten to in a 15-minute video in the Facebook post. The clip is from an April 1, 2022, hearing of the House Committee on the Judiciary about "enhancing the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938. "   Jordan discusses Biden, and his son, Hunter, but he doesn’t send either of them to jail.   We rate this post !
Statement: Ivermectin caused a substantial decrease in the excess mortality rate in Mexico.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 24, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A social media post claims that the use of ivermectin to treat individuals with COVID-19 caused a substantial decrease of excess mortality rates in Mexico.  We found no credible published data showing a causal relationship between ivermectin and decreased COVID-19 mortality in Mexico. A maker of ivermectin has also said it does not believe that available data support the safety and efficacy of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19. In the absence of  proving the , we rate this post .
Statement: Says Mike Pence "said he won't debate Kamala Harris.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 16, 2020
Location: california
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "I think she is a skilled debater," Pence said, "but I can’t wait to get to Salt Lake and be on the stage with her." In 2002, Pence told the Hill that he "never eats alone with a woman other than his wife," leading Harris in 2019 to  criticize him for limiting one-on-one meetings with women. After Biden tapped Harris as his running mate, a satirical story was shared on social media that said Pence demanded an "on-stage chaperone" for the vice presidential debate.   But this story is fiction.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Amid the "crisis at our southern border," there are "reports of illegal migrants carrying deadly diseases such as … Ebola virus.
Speaker: phil gingrey
About the speaker: Phil Gingrey, a Republican, is a congressman from Georgia
Date: July 7, 2014
Location: national
Topics: immigration;ebola;health care;public health
Context: a letter to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Fact-check justification: Gingrey said that amid the "crisis at our southern border," there are "reports of illegal migrants carrying deadly diseases such as … Ebola virus." We don’t dispute that the conditions for newly arrived migrant children pose public health challenges. But Gingrey went well beyond that when he invoked Ebola, a particularly scary and untreatable disease with high mortality rates. The reality is that Ebola has only been found in Africa -- and experts agree that, given how the disease develops, the likelihood of children from Central America bringing it to the U.S. border is almost nonexistent. But most importantly for our fact-check, Gingrey’s office was unable to point to solid  that that Ebola has arrived in Western Hemisphere, much less the U.S. border. To the contrary, the CDC and independent epidemiologists say there is zero  that these migrants are carrying the virus to the border. We rate the  .
Statement: Under the new health care law, "all real estate transactions will be subject to a 3.8% Sales Tax
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: August 2, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care;regulation;taxes
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: The e-mail seems intended to scare people, particularly older Americans, and it urges them to vote a particular way based on  information. And for that, we award this chain e-mail a ! Update: This report has been changed to reflect that there is no wage limit on Medicare hospital taxes. A wage limit of $106,800 applies to Social Security payroll taxes, but not Medicare hospital taxes.
Statement: There has never been an alderman who has defeated an incumbent mayor in the history of this great city.
Speaker: bob donovan
About the speaker: Bob Donovan is a Milwaukee alderman, representing a district on the city's south side.  He was elected to the Common Council in 2000. In July 2014 he declared himself a candidate for mayor of Milwaukee in the 2016 election.
Date: July 29, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our rating No Milwaukee alderman has defeated an incumbent to become mayor, according to Donovan. It’s relatively rare for aldermen or former aldermen to run for mayor. It’s even more rare for them to win. And none has ever bested a sitting mayor, experts agree. We rate Donovan’s statement .
Statement: New Israeli study finds fully vaccinated people are at 'greater risk of hospitalization' and 13 times more likely to catch COVID-19 than those who have recovered and have natural immunity.
Speaker: the gateway pundit
About the speaker: The Gateway Pundit is a conservative website.
Date: August 29, 2021
Topics: israel;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: A headline widely shared on social media stated: "New Israeli study finds fully vaccinated people are at ‘greater risk of hospitalization’ and 13 times more likely to catch COVID-19 than those who have recovered and have natural immunity." The study, which has not been peer reviewed, found that people who had been infected with COVID-19 had greater protection against becoming reinfected with the virus’ delta variant than vaccinated people had against infection. But the headline’s suggestion that people are better off going unvaccinated ignores the fact that peer-reviewed studies repeatedly have found that vaccinated people are more likely to avoid hospitalization or death if they become infected. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Mental health provisions related to mass shootings "got over 90 votes in the Senate.
Speaker: kelly ayotte
About the speaker: Kelly Ayotte is a U.S. Senator representing New Hampshire as a Republican. She was the first woman to serve as her state's attorney general. Appointed to that position in 2004 by a Republican governor, she was twice reappointed by a Democratic governor.
Date: September 18, 2013
Location: new hampshire
Topics: health care;guns
Context: an interview with CNN's "The Lead with Jake Tapper"
Fact-check justification: Ayotte said that mental health provisions related to mass shootings "got over 90 votes in the Senate." While an early version of the bill never made it out of committee, the Senate did eventually vote, 95-2, for a mental-health amendment to a gun control bill. The full bill lacked enough votes to pass and was pulled from the floor, but she is correct that the amendment did get 90 votes. We rate her statement .
Statement: There are only about 10 people in the United States Senate who have any real business experience.
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: August 4, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: congress
Context: Middle Georgia
Fact-check justification: His campaign research was more narrowly focused on people with responsibility for a company’s bottom line. But the overarching theme of Perdue’s statement is correct. Members who are or consider themselves as business people are in the minority in the U.S. Senate. And that’s according to his tally and official records. We rate his statement .
Statement: Donald Trump sued the City of Palm Beach when he bought a segregated club, Mar A Lago, to open it to Jews & Blacks.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 11, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: history;legal issues;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims: "Donald Trump sued the City of Palm Beach when he bought a segregated club, Mar A Lago, to open it to Jews & Blacks." Trump used Mar-a-Lago for a private residence for a decade before opening it as a private club. He was a pioneer, of sorts, in Palm Beach by opening it to Jewish people and African Americans. But he did so on his own, for business reasons, and he didn’t have to go to court. We rate the statement .
Statement: We don't allow filming inside of the City Hall unless there is a specific reason.
Speaker: h. ford gravitt
About the speaker: H. Ford Gravitt is the mayor of Cumming, Ga., located in Forsyth County.
Date: April 17, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: city government;transparency
Context: a meeting
Fact-check justification: "This legislative session, in particular, we all spent so much time on redrafting the statute -- all with the intent of maximizing public access." Manheimer said the past and revised code had similar language that allows city council and other meetings to be recorded. The state’s open meeting laws specifically state that city council meetings can be video recorded, excluding some specific instances. The beginning of this Cumming City Council meeting did not seem to be one of those special cases. We rate the mayor’s  as .
Statement: Sunday was never used before as a voting day in Georgia.
Speaker: edward lawrence
About the speaker: Edward Lawrence is a correspondent for Fox Business Network.
Date: April 2, 2021
Location: georgia
Topics: elections;pundits;punditfact
Context: a Fox News appearance
Fact-check justification: Lawrence said, "Sunday was never used before as a voting day in Georgia." That’s not accurate. Early voting on Sundays has been allowed in Georgia for every federal and state election since 2014, although many counties have never offered it. For the 2020 general election, several of the state’s most populous counties offered Sunday early voting, and approximately 65,000 votes were cast on Sundays statewide. We rate Lawrence’s statement . RELATED: What’s in Georgia’s new voting law that lost it the All-Star Game
Statement: If African-Americans vote their percentage of the population in 2008, "Mississippi is suddenly a Democratic state.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: August 20, 2007
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Then give him all of the 72,600 black voters who would turn out if Mississippi blacks voted their percentage of the population in 2008. That's about 530,300 total votes for Obama — still short of the 685,000 Mississippi votes that went to George W. Bush in 2004. In sum, he falls short by more than 150,000 votes in Mississippi, about 300,000 votes in Georgia and more than 200,000 votes in South Carolina - even using the most favorable estimates. We did the same analysis on the rest of the Southern states. The math works out the same everywhere but in Florida, where the margin between the parties is so close that an extra 400,000 black voters — all supporting Obama — might buy him a very narrow victory.
Statement: Says imposters in hazmat suits are going door to door in Stockton, Calif., saying they are checking residents for fever or COVID-19, but they "will enter your home and physically attempt robbery.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 19, 2020
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post shows an image of a flyer claiming that people wearing hazmat suits are offering coronavirus tests as a ruse to get in homes and rob people in Stockton, Calif. Police in Stockton say they’ve received no such reports.  We rate the statement .
Statement: High school students arrested on campus are twice as likely not to graduate and four times less likely to graduate if they've appeared in court.
Speaker: steven teske
About the speaker: Steven Teske is the chief Juvenile Court judge of Clayton County.
Date: September 18, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: criminal justice;education
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: "If they appear in court, they’re four times as likely not to graduate." The first part of Teske’s  is troublesome because there’s not much research on the subject of on-campus arrests and high school dropout rates. The most recent study we found, though, supported Teske’s . As far as the latter part of his statement, there is more support for what Teske said at the meeting. We rate his entire  as .
Statement: If these (telecom and internet) companies comply with the Democrat order to turn over private information, they are in violation of federal law and subject to losing their ability to operate in the United States.
Speaker: kevin mccarthy
About the speaker: Kevin McCarthy, who was first elected in 2006, is a Republican member of Congress representing a district in California. McCarthy was elected as House Speaker in January 2023.
Date: August 31, 2021
Location: national
Topics: congress;technology;privacy issues;jan. 6
Context: a statement via Twitter
Fact-check justification: McCarthy said that telecommunications companies would violate federal law and risk "losing their ability to operate in the United States" if they handed over records sought by the Jan. 6 investigation committee. McCarthy’s office has been silent on what law the companies would be breaking. Law professors and a telecommunications lawyer who handled such matters said that there is no such law barring companies from turning over information sought through a proper subpoena or warrant, and that companies can’t be penalized for complying with a subpoena. We rate this  .
Statement: Says "in Katrina, they approved $60 billion within 10 days of the storm on a voice vote.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: February 4, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: natural disasters ;weather
Context: an interview on the “Late Show with David Letterman”
Fact-check justification: During his appearance on the "Late Show with David Letterman," Christie claimed that "in Katrina, they approved $60 billion within 10 days of the storm on a voice vote." But all of that funding was not approved by federal officials shouting "yea" or "nay" on the House and Senate floors. Congress signed off on $10.5 billion in Katrina aid without recorded votes, but the remaining $51.8 billion was approved by recorded votes. Still, the governor’s overall point is solid. While Hurricane Sandy victims waited three months for federal aid to be approved, Congress had authorized $62.3 billion in the 10 days after Hurricane Katrina made landfall in Louisiana. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Covid-19 means 'certificate of identification of vaccination with artificial intelligence.'
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 27, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  Until that point, the virus and the infection had been referred to as the "2019 novel coronavirus" or "2019-nCoV." "Having a name matters to prevent the use of other names that can be  or stigmatizing," tweeted Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director-general of the WHO. COVID-19 is an abbreviation of "coronavirus disease 2019," the CDC says . "CO" stands for "corona," "VI" stands for "virus" and "D" stands for "disease. "  The number 19 reflects the year it was identified — 2019. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: The top 1 percent of income-earners pay about 40 percent of all taxes into the federal government.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: April 13, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;taxes
Context: an interview on NBC's "Today" show
Fact-check justification: So for critics of taxes -- and Bachmann certainly is one -- it packs a greater wallop to cite income tax burdens for the wealthy than it does to cite their overall tax burden. But in this case, she didn’t define the statistic she was using correctly. So we rate her statement . Update: The original version of this story said, "Also, the payroll tax applies only up to $106,800 in income, with no tax on earnings above that limit." It should have noted that the income limit applies only to Social Security taxes.
Statement: Seventy percent of all Texans are overweight or obese.
Speaker: baker harrell
About the speaker: Baker Harrell leads It's Time Texas, which describes itself as the preeminent community health organization in the state. Baker has a PhD in Kinesiology and Health Education, with a concentration in social change approaches to improving health and fitness and a Master’s in Health Education with a concentration in childhood obesity.
Date: August 15, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: children;health care;public health
Context: an interview with the Texas Tribune
Fact-check justification: Harrell said 70 percent of all Texans are overweight or obese. Clarification’s needed here because 2014 survey results indicate that 68 percent of Texas adults (not all Texans) had BMIs suggesting they were overweight or obese. Adding in children drives down the percentage. We rate this since-amended statement .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.