chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The Republicans "still want to privatize (Social Security). In fact, their whole idea is to turn over the Social Security trust fund to Wall Street.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: April 14, 2016
Location: national
Topics: social security
Context: the Brooklyn presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Clinton said Republicans "still want to privatize (Social Security). In fact, their whole idea is to turn over the Social Security trust fund to Wall Street." At least one candidate, Cruz, has proposed a form of privatization involving personal accounts funded by a fraction of payroll taxes. Still, Clinton’s statement takes a longstanding Democratic exaggeration about the scope of GOP overhaul proposals and makes it even further off-base by implying that payroll tax revenues would flow directly to Wall Street without any input from beneficiaries. We rate the statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/7dbd6b4c-d8e0-4bd4-a973-8141d397f405
Statement: Says Louie Anderson was flying to appear on Conan O'Brien's show when he became ill a few weeks after receiving his third vaccine dose.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 22, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: and then I went, ‘Oh, wait — I did stop and get White Castle on the way home.’ "  He previously appeared in person on O’Brien’s show before the pandemic started in June 2019 , January 2018 , August 2017 and February 2017 , according to IMDb. If the Instagram caption that appears in the Facebook post is accurate, he would have likely been flying for his guest spot one of those times. The accompanying text about Anderson receiving a third vaccine dose doesn’t line up with the description in the Instagram caption. We rate this post .
Statement: Barack Obama said he walks with his "husband Michael and hold hands.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 17, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But since enrolling in affordable health care coverage, Obama said at the time, Oren was able to have knee replacement surgery and walk again. While sharing Oren’s story, Obama recounted a letter she had sent him.   "She said, ‘I walk with my husband Michael and hold hands. It’s like a whole new world for me,’" Obama said.   We rate claims that Obama referred to Michelle Obama as his husband, Michael, .
Statement: Says the defense secretary texted all active military personnel saying they needed to get vaccinated by the following morning or "be court martialed.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 8, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Potential disciplinary action under the code includes non-judicial punishments, such as having to do extra duties, and court martials.     But it doesn’t track that Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin would send an early-morning text message demanding all active military personnel to get the vaccine or face a court martial . A Defense Department spokesperson told CNN that there was no such text message, and that Austin has "never sent any kind of force-wide text message" — ever.   We found no credible sources to corroborate either the social media video or the blog post.   We rate this  .
Statement: A photo shows "Obama being dragged before a judge in handcuffs for wiretapping Trump.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 5, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: Internet posts
Fact-check justification: PolitiFact has rated other  stories we’ve traced back to the site, including one that said Trump was giving all working Americans $612 and another that claimed that an anti-Trump speech by Meryl Streep cost the actress a job . TheLastLineOfDefense.org doesn’t identify the Obama story as , but the About Us page notes that "all articles should be considered satirical and any and all quotes attributed to actual people complete and total baloney." There’s no indication on other websites that the image is a joke. While you don’t have to be a digital forensics expert to tell the photo is a , it’s clear after some digging that the  is fraudulent. We rate it !
Statement: There are no greenhouse gas emissions in this photo" of cows grazing.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 30, 2022
Topics: environment;animals;climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: a photo
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post said "there are no greenhouse gas emissions in this photo" of cows grazing.  But greenhouse gases are everywhere and are invisible. And cattle produce methane through their digestive process, then release it through belching and flatulence. We rate this  .
Statement: Twitter, Google and Facebook are burying the FBI criminal investigation of Clinton. Very dishonest media!
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 30, 2016
Location: national
Topics: elections;technology
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Twitter, Google and Facebook are burying the FBI criminal investigation of Clinton. Very dishonest media!" Trump has not produced any  whatsoever to back up his , nor has anyone else. We found nothing to support the idea that the three tech and social media companies reduced the visibility of the latest developments in the Clinton email controversy. The burden is on Trump to produce information to support his statement. He’s offered none. Meanwhile, we’ve found plenty of  to contradict Trump’s . This  rates .
Statement: The drug labels for the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine "were blank when they should have contained all these diseases and adverse events" listed in a confidential report.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 1, 2022
Topics: health care;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Social media posts  that the drug labels for the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine "were blank when they should have contained all these diseases and adverse events" listed in a confidential report. In an application submitted to the FDA, Pfizer included a pre-specified list of "special interest" potential adverse events that the FDA asks researchers to look out for. The social media posts mischaracterized that list. The listing of those adverse events in this document does not mean that they actually occured in patients. Nor do the adverse events reported after receiving the company’s COVID-19 vaccine necessarily mean that the vaccine caused them. And the document is marked confidential not because the company was trying to conceal safety information, but because it contained privileged commercial or financial information. When an investigation determines that a specific adverse event was likely caused by a drug, it is then considered an adverse reaction. Adverse reactions are added to drug package inserts along with other safety information and proper usage guidelines. The social media posts fail to acknowledge these important caveats. We rate the posts .   RELATED: How an alternative gateway to VAERS data helps fuel vaccine misinformation RELATED: Federal VAERS database is a critical tool for researchers, but a breeding ground for misinformation
Statement: A hundred percent of all the jobs lost during the recession have been reclaimed in Texas … while the nation is at about 36 percent.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: February 26, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: Dallas
Fact-check justification: As Perry indicated, Texas has as many jobs as it had before the recession — more, in fact — while the nation as a whole has not climbed as far back. Still, the Texas unemployment rate, though falling, remains higher than its pre-recession level, and, of course, not every Texan who lost a job has regained one. We rate Perry’s statement .
Statement: Romney used to favor gun control, and said he didn't want to go back to Reagan-Bush.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: January 28, 2008
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: an ad on the Internet
Fact-check justification: " Romney has been attacked on these issues before; we checked an earlier  here . McCain's ad accurately conveys Romney's positions now and during the previous times Romney has run for office. The ad clearly labels which statements were made during which campaign. For this reason, we find the ad's statements . For more on McCain's ad attacking Romney, see our story here .
Statement: Most people in my home state of Texas disagree with the president building a wall across our border.
Speaker: joaquin castro
About the speaker: Initially elected to the Texas House in 2002, Joaquin Castro initially won election to the U.S. House in November 2012.
Date: February 25, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: border security
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Castro said "most people in my home state of Texas disagree with the president building a wall across our border." Polls from the University of Texas/Texas Tribune, Texas Lyceum and Quinnipiac University showed that Texas voters and adults are largely divided on their support for a wall. Only two of the polls showed a clear majority in opposition to the wall – those conducted by Texas Lyceum in 2016 and 2017. In these two polls, the survey questioned adults in Texas and was not limited to likely or registered voters, unlike the University of Texas/Texas Tribune and Quinnipiac University polls. Castro’s comment was not limited to registered or likely voters, so we kept that in mind while determining a ruling. We rate this  as . Recent polls show more Texans opposing a border wall than supporting it, but only two of the six polls we considered showed a clear majority.   – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context.
Statement: Taxpayers subsidize 80 percent of each MARTA trip
Speaker: brett bittner
About the speaker: Brett Bittner is executive director of the Libertarian Party of Georgia.
Date: May 2, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: transportation
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: I didn’t use the ancillary figures in the budget," he said. "We’re still subsidizing over half as taxpayers, especially those of us who live and work in Fulton and DeKalb." In rebuttal, Harris points out every mode of transportation – including road building – is subsidized by taxes to some extent. That argument aside, Bittner was significantly off in assigning 80 percent of the costs of a MARTA trip to the taxpayer, even if he stands by the larger point. We rate his  as .
Statement: We don't know anything about Hillary in terms of religion. Now, she's been in the public eye for years and years, and yet there's no — there's nothing out there.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 21, 2016
Location: national
Topics: religion
Context: a meeting with Christian leaders
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "We don't know anything about Hillary in terms of religion." The reality is we were able to find quite a lot about Clinton’s Methodist upbringing and beliefs, and how she says it ties into her political philosophy. We documented just some of what we found here, and experts agree there is more out there. Trump’s statement is  and . We rate it .
Statement: The auto companies have now repaid taxpayers every dime and more of what my administration invested in.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 7, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget;transportation
Context: Detroit
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "The auto companies have now repaid taxpayers every dime and more of what my administration invested in." We’ll note that losses from automaker loans were expected to be higher, and the action taken by the Obama administration resulted in GM and Chrysler paying back the bulk of their loans. But to say they've paid back "every dime and more," requires considerable cherry-picking. Obama doesn’t count any outstanding loans made by the Bush administration, which seem to have been made with Obama's quiet support and which were restructured (resulting in some losses) under the bankruptcy Obama's Treasury helped manage. And to get into the black, he counts money the automakers paid back for Bush administration loans.  The statement contains an element of  but ignores facts that would give a different impression. That’s .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama wants to raise "the lowest (income) tax rate from 10 to 15 percent.
Speaker: reince priebus
About the speaker: Reince Priebus was the first chief of staff to President Donald Trump, replaced by John Kelly in July 2017. Priebus was previously chairman of the Republican National Committee, a post he assumed in 2011. He is also the former chairman of the Republican Party of Wisconsin. He was an unsuccessful Wisconsin state Senate candidate in 2004. He is a Kenosha, Wis., native and lawyer.
Date: June 5, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;income;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: But the lowest rate would remain at 10 percent. Our rating Priebus said Obama wants to raise "the lowest (income) tax rate from 10 to 15 percent." He provided no  that that is the president’s position. And experts agree Obama does not support raising the lowest rate. We rate Priebus’ statement .
Statement: In the New York 9th District, "there is a large number of people who went to the polls tonight who didn't support the president to begin with and don't support Democrats -- and it's nothing more than that.
Speaker: debbie wasserman schultz
About the speaker: Debbie Wasserman Schultz became the chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee in 2011 and resigned in July 2016. The Florida Democrat was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004 after serving in the state senate. She represents Congressional District 23 in Broward and Miami-Dade counties.
Date: September 13, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: the New York Times
Fact-check justification: Wasserman Schultz defended the defeat of a Democratic candidate in New York's 9th Congressional District by saying that "there is a large number of people who went to the polls tonight who didn't support the president to begin with and don't support Democrats -- and it's nothing more than that." In a low turnout election, where about 60,000 people voted (compared to about 200,000 in 2008), and based on the fact that a Democrat lost and a Republican won -- there's no doubt that there's some  to the statement. But there are a few problems with Wasserman Schultz's characterization. First, despite who voted there has been a shift in the popularity of Obama in the 9th District -- where 55 percent voted for him in 2008 but only 31 percent approve of him today. That undercuts her  that people who went to the polls didn't support the president to begin with. And the historical trends show that the 9th district has largely and consistently been a Democratic district. A more complete picture might emerge when and if exit polls are released, but for for now Wasserman Schultz's  has holes in it. We rate it .
Statement: John McCain voted against funding the troops because of . . . a timeline in it to draw down American troops.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 2, 2008
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: St. Louis, Mo
Fact-check justification: Biden is right that McCain opposed a war spending bill. We find Biden's statement . UPDATE: We originally rated Biden's statement  because, although McCain had issued a statement opposing the bill, he missed the vote on the bill on April 26, 2007. But after a reader called our attention to this vote, which occurred one month earlier, we changed our ruling to .
Statement: 99 percent of all new income today (is) going to the top 1 percent.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: April 19, 2015
Location: national
Topics: income;wealth
Context: comments on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that "99 percent of all new income (is) going to the top 1 percent." Sanders is referring to pre-tax, pre-transfer income growth during the economic recovery from 2009-13. We found consensus among economists that the statistic and calculation offered by Sanders is credible, but it’s just not the only way to consider income inequality. Other measures may be equally valid and produce different results. But economists say specific data does not yet exist. Sanders’  is accurate but needs additional notes of context. We rate it .
Statement: Nonpartisan government analysts say Obamacare will cost our economy up to 2.5 million jobs.
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: February 12, 2014
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget;health care;jobs
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The NRCC said "nonpartisan government analysts say Obamacare will cost our economy up to 2.5 million jobs." It’s  to suggeset the report indicated cuts in jobs. Instead, workers who can now receive subsidized insurance will cut back on hours equivalent to about 2.5 million workers by 2024. The distinction is critical to understanding the law’s impact on the labor market. We rate this statement . Correction:  Though our ruling statement accurately quoted the ad as saying, "Nonpartisan government analysts say Obamacare will cost our economy up to 2.5 million jobs," a later line in our story inaccurately quoted the ad as saying "cuts" instead of "costs." That line has since been corrected. The ruling remains the same.
Statement: The Trump Administration cut funding allocated to the Department of Homeland Security to combat white nationalism.
Speaker: pete buttigieg
About the speaker: Pete Buttigieg is the Transportation secretary under President Joe Biden. Buttigieg was elected mayor of South Bend, Ind., in 2011 and was re-elected in 2015. He decided not to seek re-election and his term ended in January 2020. From 2009 to 2017, he served in the U.S. Navy Reserve and was a lieutenant. He received a bachelor’s degree in history and literature from Harvard College and a first-class honors bachelor’s degree in philosophy, politics and economics from Pembroke College as a Rhodes Scholar. He ran for president in the 2020 Democratic primaries.
Date: August 5, 2019
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;race and ethnicity;terrorism
Context: a Medium post
Fact-check justification: Buttigieg said, "The Trump Administration cut funding allocated to the Department of Homeland Security to combat white nationalism." He points to the $10 million Countering Violent Extremism grant program, which was launched under Obama and not renewed under President Trump. It was meant to last for two years. When it expired in July 2019, Trump did not renew it. That’s not exactly the same as a "cut." However, a group that was slated to get a grant under Obama, Life After Hate, had its grant rescinded under the Trump administration while the program was going on. The group was one of the only ones with expertise on white nationalism. Overall, most of the grant proposals were focused on Muslims or immigrants, and not white nationalists.  Buttigieg left out part of the story.  We rate this statement .