chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The omicron variant of COVID-19 "came out" in 2021, but "the copyright on this book" about the variant is 2020.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 14, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Another viral image , posted on Facebook on Dec. 19, makes a similar . It asks: "If the new scariant was only found in South Africa" on Nov. 24 and named omicron by the World Health Organization two days later, how could more than 30 books on it available on Amazon have been published between Nov. 27 and Dec. 2? Unlike books produced by commercial publishers, self-published books can be produced rapidly. Amazon says that its publishing takes less than five minutes. We rate the post .
Statement: Antifa is the culprit" in the Capitol riot.
Speaker: amanda chase
About the speaker: Amanda Chase is serving her second term as a state senator, representing Chesterfield County. Although she has been elected as a Republican, she has frequently feuded with GOP leaders and is not a member of the Senate's Republican Caucus. She is running as Independent for governor in 2021. Chase has been a strong supporter of gun rights and the preservation of Confederate Monuments. She has been a critic of mandatory COVID-19 restrictions.
 
Date: January 7, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: elections;jan. 6
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Chase wrote, "Antifa is the culprit," in the Jan. 6 riot at the U.S. Capitol. She and other Republicans  who have spread this myth have presented no  to back it up. There was an array of easily accessible information that refuted Chase’s  at the time she made it. We rate Chase’s statement .
Statement: Says Dr. Anthony Fauci wrote a paper blaming 1918-19 flu deaths on masks.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 19, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Posts online  Fauci wrote a 2008 study blaming the majority of deaths in the 1918-19 influenza pandemic on bacterial pneumonia from wearing masks. Fauci never wrote that. In the paper he co-authored, researchers found that secondary bacterial pneumonia caused a majority of deaths in the pandemic. This is a well-documented side effect of severe influenza infections, and has nothing to do with masks. We rate this .  This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Trans species man who self-identifies as a deer accidentally shot by hunters.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 18, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The undated story appears to have been posted in fall 2020 on World News Daily Report, which describes itself as a satire site.   "World News Daily Report assumes all responsibility for the satirical nature of its articles and for the fictional nature of their content," reads a disclaimer at the bottom of the web page. "All characters appearing in the articles in this website — even those based on real people — are entirely fictional and any resemblance between them and any person, living, dead or undead, is purely a miracle." PolitiFact has previously debunked stories from the website that were taken out of context on social media. Claims that this story is authentic are .
Statement: Siri gave "CONFIRMATION of the Democrats' sinister plan to REMOVE Sleepy Joe immediately using the 25th Amendment and instate Kamala Harris as President!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 9, 2020
Location: national
Topics: technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: a series of videos
Fact-check justification: On Nov. 9, we tried asking Siri how old the president is. The assistant responded: "Donald Trump is 74 years old." The Facebook post is not accurate and makes a  based on a  premise that Siri would reveal a "sinister plan" by Democrats. Siri’s answer was the result of a mundane error. We rate this post .
Statement: Fox admits they lie" and, under the First Amendment, "have the right to lie or deliberately distort news reports on public airwaves.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 10, 2014
Topics: civil rights;corporations;ethics;food safety;pundits;transparency;punditfact
Context: posts on Facebook
Fact-check justification: As part of the lawsuit, lawyers for the station argued that the courts do not have the right to play referee on story decisions -- citing the First Amendment. We found no  that the Fox affiliate admitted that it lied about the news it ultimately presented, and we certainly found no  that Fox News as a whole admits it lies (in the present tense). While the Fox affiliate argued that it has the right to present the news as it chooses, it’s quite a leap to suggest Fox as a television corporation defended some right to "distort news reports" -- other than in a hypothetical sense to quash a wrongful termination suit. This meme wasn’t conjured out of thin air, but it’s not accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Nancy Pelosi has invited all illegals to her mansion at 2724 Pacific Ave San Francisco CA.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 21, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The identity of the new owner or owners is unknown, but a legal representative told Reuters that the property does not belong wholly or partially to Pelosi or her family.    Pelosi’s San Francisco residence is in the same neighborhood as this mansion — Pacific Heights. And over the years it has been pictured in news reports covering protests outside her home. That house does not resemble images of 2724 Pacific Ave. We rate this post .
Statement: They didn't even put up a fight against SALT
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 29, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: taxes
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said that people in New York didn’t fight a cap on the deduction of state and local taxes, which was included in the 2017 tax reform law. New York elected officials have been speaking out against it since the time it was proposed, in the news media, in meetings with Trump, and in Congress. While the majority of New York’s representatives in Congress voted against the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, four Republican New York House members voted for it. The Democrats who were vocal in speaking against the SALT cap were in the minority party and had little influence in the White House, House of Representatives and Senate, all controlled by Republicans. If anyone didn’t "put up a fight" in New York, it could have been the Republicans who could have used their influence as members of the majority party to push to eliminate the cap, but voted in favor of the tax legislation. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: Says Dr. Robert Gallo, the man who helped discover the HIV virus, confessed he was "forced" to "create the HIV virus as a secret weapon to wipe out the African race.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 14, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In 2017, the Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in Southern Africa (Caprisa) released a statement on the  saying it was "deliberately undermining the fight against AIDS." "Pretending to be genuine, an image of a newspaper article with a photo of eminent scientist Robert Gallo in his laboratory claims that he created HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, as ‘a secret weapon to wipe out the African race,’ " the statement said. "While the story is, without doubt, simply nonsense and lies, it plays on the fanciful imagination of those who persist in wanting to believe conspiracy theories about the west trying to destroy Africa." Gallo is currently the director of the Institute of Human Virology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore. The  that Gallo said anything about HIV being a secret weapon is !
Statement: The CEO of the company that owns Wendy's, Taco Bell, and Pizza Hut donated $400,000 towards Trump's re-election campaign.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 1, 2020
Topics: campaign finance;corrections and updates;facebook fact-checks
Context: post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said that "the CEO of the company that owns Wendy’s, Taco Bell, and Pizza Hut donated $400,000 towards Trump’s re-election campaign." This assertion has been garbled. Bodenstedt, the founder of a major Wendy’s, Taco Bell, and Pizza Hut franchisee, has donated $544,400 to entities supporting Trump’s re-election so far this campaign cycle. But Bodenstedt is not "the CEO of the company that owns Wendy’s, Taco Bell, and Pizza Hut." We rate the statement . CORRECTION, June 5, 2020: This article has been updated to clarify that Wendy's is its own company and is not owned by Yum! Brands. The rating remains the same.
Statement: Red trees are significant to the early Christian church. In eastern Europe, the church would dye the trees red to symbolize the blood of Jesus & the resurrection.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 29, 2018
Topics: fake news;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a meme
Fact-check justification: Referring to red Christmas trees at the White House, a meme claimed, "Red trees are significant to the early Christian church. In eastern Europe, the church would dye the trees red to symbolize the blood of Jesus & the resurrection." Several experts told us that’s not . Dyeing trees red isn’t a practice tracing back to the early Christian church in eastern Europe. That’s a made up . We rate it .
Statement: Says photo shows that Chick-fil-A distributed "Back the Blue" T-shirts to employees in response to recent protests over police brutality.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 2, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Social media users are sharing an image of Chick-fil-A workers wearing "Back the Blue" shirts and  the company distributed them to employees as a response to recent protests over police brutality. The photo is outdated and was taken in 2015 at one Chick-fil-A location in Texas. There are some conflicting reports about whether the shirts were also meant to honor local police officers, but the company repeatedly said the shirts were made to solely support a local high school football team. But the shirts were not distributed to Chick-fil-A employees across the country as a response to the current protests. We rate this .
Statement: Since passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, Walmart 'increased their starting wage to $11/hr & has given about $400 million in bonuses.'
Speaker: ann wagner
About the speaker: Ann Wagner is a Republican representing a U.S. House district in Missouri.
Date: August 27, 2018
Location: missouri
Topics: economy;jobs;workers;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Wagner said that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was creating real results. "Since passage, @Walmart increased their starting wage to $11/hr & has given about $400 million in bonuses." Wagner is correct that Walmart made the payments and that it credited the legislation for the company’s actions. For this we rate Wagner’s  .
Statement: Without a shred of clinical data to support its decision, the Biden Administration has revoked the emergency use authorization for lifesaving monoclonal antibody treatments.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: January 25, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: drugs;public health;health check;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: "   That wording obscures the full story: There were several scientific studies — including ones from the drugmakers themselves — that found that the drugs from Regeneron and Eli Lilly are ineffective against the omicron variant. Omicron accounts for over 99% of new cases, and this class of drugs only works when given soon after diagnosis. While these drugs helped earlier in the pandemic, they are no longer lifesaving. The agency still allows four other drugs to be used against COVID-19, including another monoclonal antibody treatment called sotromivab, that do work against omicron. We rate the statement .
Statement: We've been down this road before—blanket protectionism is a big part of why America had a Great Depression.
Speaker: ben sasse
About the speaker: Ben Sasse, a Republican, is a U.S. Senator representing Nebraska.
Date: May 31, 2018
Location: national
Topics: economy;history;foreign policy;trade
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Sasse said, "We’ve been down this road before — blanket protectionism is a big part of why America had a Great Depression." While the downturn that became the Great Depression had been under way for about half a year by the time the United States passed the Smoot-Hawley tariffs, economists agree that the resulting trade war worsened the impact on both the global and domestic economy. Sasse was cautious to say that the tariffs were "a big part" — rather than the only reason — for the Great Depression. So we rate his statement .
Statement: The U.S. "takes 87% of all the prescription medications in the world.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 24, 2023
Topics: drugs;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Only sometimes RELATED: Gov. Greg Abbott says fentanyl is the leading cause of death for Americans 18 to 45. Is that ? RELATED: Biden policies move needle on lowering drug pricing, but more needs to be done to fulfill promise
Statement: Regime change (in Iraq) took eight years
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: March 28, 2011
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military
Context: a televised address
Fact-check justification: Ultimately, we think both interpretations of the term "regime change" are credible. Obama has clearly staked out a position on one end of the spectrum, which experts tell us is a defensible approach. But we think it's also valid to point out that the Hussein regime is long gone, replaced by an internationally recognized successor government. While that government has been less than stable, other democratic countries have had periods of political volatility as well. We rate Obama’s statement .
Statement: Says Bill Nelson "cast the deciding vote for Obamacare cutting Medicare spending by $700 billion and letting an unelected board decide what gets covered here.
Speaker: american crossroads
About the speaker: American Crossroads is a 527 campaign committee that supports Republican candidates.
Date: September 25, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: health care;medicare;message machine 2012
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: American Crossroads packs a bunch of claims into one sentence in its ad: "Sen. Nelson cast the deciding vote for Obamacare,cutting Medicare spending by $700 billion and letting an unelected board decide what gets covered here." Let’s summarize on the three points: • Nelson cast a vote in favor of the health care law, but news reports suggest he was not even one of a few final hold outs. He did not cast "the" deciding vote. • The health care law cuts future growth of Medicare spending by about $700 billion but it still grows. This part of the ad has some  to it but requires further explanation. • The unelected IPAB board is tasked with finding Medicare savings. It can reduce how much government pays for services, and some fear that could lead doctors to not order certain treatments. It does not make decisions for individual patients, but it can recommend changes to bring down costs, including about what gets covered. Its powers are limited, however, and its decisions can be changed by Congress if Congress is willing to identify other savings.   The Crossroads ad phrases its statements more carefully than some others we’ve seen, but it still gives a  impression about what the health care law means for Medicare beneficiaries. We rate this  .
Statement: Miami-Dade is "the first community in the world to break the cycle of local transmission of the Zika virus.
Speaker: carlos gimenez
About the speaker: Carlos A. Gimenez was first elected as Miami-Dade County's Mayor on June 28, 2011 and re-elected in 2012 and 2016.  He previously served on the Miami-Dade Board of County Commissioners for seven years.
Date: January 18, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: public health
Context: a state of the county speech
Fact-check justification: Gimenez said Miami-Dade is "the first community in the world to break the cycle of local transmission of the Zika virus." The CDC says that Wynwood, an area in Miami, was the first to break local transmission in September. The last of four local transmission zones was lifted Dec. 9. There are some caveats about Gimenez’s , including that only one other county in the United States had local cases, and a far smaller number. Some other places took a far greater hit from Zika than Florida did. Experts caution that Zika cases could return to South Florida, a point Gimenez also acknowledged in his speech. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Tom Cotton's vote in Congress to change Medicare "will increase out-of-pocket expenses for every senior in Arkansas.
Speaker: mark pryor
About the speaker: Mark Pryor, a Democrat, has served in the U.S. Senate since 2003.
Date: February 5, 2014
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicare;retirement
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Pryor’s campaign ad said, "Cotton voted in Congress to change Medicare into a voucher system that will increase out-of-pocket expenses for every senior in Arkansas." Cotton did vote for a voucher-like system under two different budget proposals. But it’s  to suggest that the plan would definitely increase expenses for every senior. The research isn’t conclusive, and we can’t predict the future. But even the voucher proposals go out of their way to leave current Medicare beneficiaries alone. It's not at all clear that every senior in Arkansas would see increases in out-of-pocket expenses, including people like Courtney’s grandparents. So we rate the  .
Statement: Quotes Rep.-elect Ilhan Omar as saying, "I think all white men should be put in chains as slaves because they will never submit to Islam.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 9, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "I am America’s hope and the president’s nightmare," Omar responded . At no point in that interview did Omar say anything about white men in chains as slaves for not submitting to Islam. Omar also did not say in the Time magazine interview , even though the meme uses the photo from that interview. We found no  that Omar made those comments. Without credible  for the assertion, we rate the statement !
Statement: Global warming is a hoax.
Speaker: lenar whitney
About the speaker: Republican Lenar Whitney is a Louisiana state representative running for U.S. Congress in 2014 in District 6, an open seat that represents parts of Baton Rouge.
Date: June 25, 2014
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;energy
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: Whitney said, "global warming is a hoax." There is an overwhelming consensus among respected scientists that human-caused global warming is real, and Whitney’s supporting  falls flat. We rate this  .
Statement: Says rejecting federal aid to expand Medicaid in Texas will "send $9 billion in federal taxes paid by Texans to other states to insure their working poor.
Speaker: lon burnam
About the speaker: Lon Burnam represented District 90 (which covers parts of Fort Worth and Tarrant County) from 1997 through 2014. He lost his bid for re-election in the 2014 Democratic primary.
Date: March 4, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: health care;medicaid;taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Burnam said that if Texas fails to expand Medicaid, $9 billion of Texas taxpayers’ money would flow toward insuring the working poor in other states. Burnam meant $9 billion per year over 10 years, though that clarification didn’t appear in his press release. But: Texans’ tax dollars aren’t handled separately from others in this program. What Texas decides won’t affect how much money is available for other states. Burnam’s $9 billion is based on a $90 billion ten-year estimate that includes $11.6 billion Texas would get whether it expands Medicaid or not. We rate Burnam’s statement .