chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Over half of the people who would be taxed under (a millionaire surtax) are, in fact, small businesspeople.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: November 6, 2011
Location: national
Topics: this week - abc news;taxes
Context: an ABC interview with Christiane Amanpour
Fact-check justification: Boehner said, "Over half of the people who would be taxed under this plan are, in fact, small businesspeople." Boehner is  on two points -- the "half" and the "small businesspeople." Of the business income reported on tax returns, half of it would have been taxed at the top two rates, the Joint Committee on Taxation found. But that doesn’t mean half of the earners are paying those rates. And it’s  to call small business owners and millionaires who would see a tax increase one and the same. The Joint Committee as well as the Tax Policy Center have given credible  that for top earners who report business income, it is often just a fraction of their total income. They are not the folks operating small manufacturing plants or neighborhood pizza parlors. In fact, only 0.5 percent of small businesses make that kind of money. More often, small businesses are small in every sense -- most have incomes of less than $50,000 and almost all have profits of less than $1 million -- and they wouldn’t be affected by the millionaires tax. We rate the statement .
Statement: Kavanaugh accuser's husband breaks his silence, exposes 'sick issue' his wife has.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 25, 2018
Topics: fake news;supreme court;facebook fact-checks
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: The Virginia Press website features several elements associated with websites promoting  information. There’s no indication who’s behind the website, where it’s based or who are its authors. Stories have fields for comments but the website does not identify how to contact its operators. It’s headline claiming that, "Kavanaugh accuser’s husband breaks his silence, exposes ‘sick issue’ his wife has" distorts what he said to create a  narrative. We rate the headline .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton and Ralph Northam "label police as racists.
Speaker: corey stewart
About the speaker: Corey Stewart, a Republican, is the chairman of the Prince William County's board of supervisors. He was elected to the board in 2003 to represent the Occoquan district. Then he won a special election in 2006 to become chairman. He was elected to four-year terms in 2007 and 2011.   
Stewart ran an unsuccessful campaign for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor in 2013.
Stewart was born in Minnesota. He graduated from Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., and earned a law degree from William Mitchell College of Law, St. Paul, Minn. He works as an international trade attorney in private practice.
Date: July 8, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: public safety
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Stewart said that Hillary Clinton and Ralph Northam "label police as racists." He declined to offer any statements by the two Democrats that would back his . Clinton has said racial profiling needs to end and that law enforcement needs to confront "systemic racism" in the criminal justice system. That lends an element of  to Stewart’s statement, but it’s a far cry from Clinton labeling all police as racists. Clinton has said repeatedly that the actions of a few officers shouldn’t taint all law enforcement officers. With Northam, we can’t find any statement that supports Stewart’s incendiary , and Stewart dodges his burden of proof. All told, we rate Stewart’s statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/6eabf830-e0ae-41a5-9009-62513628fbe5
Statement: China will be allowed to build hundreds of additional coal plants. So we can't build the plants, but they can, according to this (Paris) agreement.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 1, 2017
Location: national
Topics: climate change
Context: a speech at the White House
Fact-check justification: Trump said that the Paris agreement allows China "to build hundreds of additional coal plants," while the United States can’t. The White House offered no legal argument to back that up, and the text of the agreement fails to support it. The Paris agreement never mentions the word coal, and in Trump’s own words, it is nonbinding. It forces neither China nor the United States to do or not do anything. China’s voluntary plan to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions does allow emissions to rise until 2030, but it also moves the country away from reliance on coal, and the tangible results have been the cancellation of over 100 new coal-fired plants. Neither the law nor realities on the ground support Trump’s statement. We rate this  .
Statement: It's illegal for a college, public school or employer to "mandate" the vaccine because it was authorized for emergency use.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 21, 2021
Topics: education;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: Facebook post
Fact-check justification: There are no legal or legislative mechanisms that broadly prohibit employers or schools from mandating vaccinations. It is not illegal for them to do so, though federal law stipulates that exemptions can be made for those with conflicting religious convictions and certain disabilities. We rate this  . RELATED STORY: No, Biden didn't promote 'mandatory' COVID-19 vaccines in primetime address
Statement: Says "One of the state's largest governments made charging this tax one of their top priorities just this year.
Speaker: yes on 79 
About the speaker: The Oregon campaign, backed in large part by the Oregon Association of Realtors, behind Ballot Measure 79. The group was known as Protect Oregon Homes when lobbying for a constitutional ban on real estate transfer taxes. The measure is on the November 2012 ballot.
Date: August 20, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: message machine 2012;taxes
Context: a state voters' pamphlet argument
Fact-check justification: But the only  the campaign provides is a legislative agenda for a short legislative session in which no legislation was drafted. How does that translate into making "charging this tax one of their top priorities just this year?" It doesn’t. And that makes the statement both  and . We rate the  .
Statement: Red Hen owner just issued sick threat to Sarah Sanders
Speaker: the houston post
About the speaker: The Houston Post is a conservative website.
Date: June 26, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: We sent an email to The Red Hen and did not get a reply. The Houston Post wrote that "Red Hen owner just issued sick threat to Sarah Sanders." Wilkinson, the owner of the Red Hen, asked Sanders to leave her restaurant June 22. We found no  that Wilkinson threatened Sanders. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says the 2010-11 New Hampshire budget ended with an $18 million surplus, while the Republican-led 2012-13 budget has a $40 million deficit.
Speaker: new hampshire democratic party
About the speaker: The New Hampshire Democratic Party is the Granite State's branch of the Democratic National Committee.
Date: March 29, 2013
Location: new hampshire
Topics: state budget
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Recent reports show the projections have changed, as they will continue to do throughout the rest of the fiscal year, But those numbers, released this week, were not available yet March 29 when Buckley tweeted his . Instead, Buckley deferred to a March 12 report, which showed the $40 million deficit. Comparing final state budget figures to a point-in-time snapshot is not exactly an apples-to-apples comparison, since this budget will likely end with a different deficit than Buckley claims. But, at the time of his tweet, Buckley’s numbers were right on the money. We rate his  .
Statement: John Mica "voted to borrow $10 trillion.
Speaker: sandy adams
About the speaker: Sandy Adams is a Republican member of Congress. In 2012, she is running to represent District 7.
Date: August 2, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: debt;federal budget;message machine 2012;voting record
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Adams said Mica "voted to borrow $10 trillion." What she meant, her spokeswoman says, is the debt has increased by $10 trillion since he took office, an increase made possible by his sporadic votes to allow growth of the debt ceiling. We found his votes on the debt ceiling don't really tell the whole story. More importantly, we think, is the fact that he voted for some of the policies that caused the need for debt ceiling votes in the first place. Still, it takes more than one member of Congress to drive the debt up by the trillions. We rate the  .
Statement: Earthquake in Turkey and Syria is "a systemic attack against Kurdish people.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 6, 2023
Topics: environment;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post that was later taken down said: "This ‘earthquake’ is a systemic attack against Kurdish people." The  was that there was a politically motivated attack and no earthquake. Experts said there is no question that a 7.8-magnitude temblor on Feb. 6 is responsible for more than 20,000 deaths in Turkey and Syria. We rate the post ! RELATED: Photo shows Game of Thrones characters, not victims of earthquake in Turkey, Syria
Statement: Says Gov. Rick Scott is "spending a quarter of a million of our tax dollars to robocall people.
Speaker: florida voter
About the speaker: These are claims made about politicians from Florida voters that are then repeated in the news media.
Date: August 17, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: state budget
Context: a robocall from the Pink Slip Rick website, played on MSNBC's "Rachel Maddow" show
Fact-check justification: "Debra B." said that Scott had "a lot of nerve spending a quarter of a million of our tax dollars to robocall people and tell them how good a job you're doing." He didn't spend tax dollars -- the Republican Party of Florida picked up the tab. Particularly after a session of massive budget cuts, it's a tall  to accuse Scott of spending tax dollars to promote himself in robocalls, and that's not what he did here. We rate this  .
Statement: The Biden Administration is engaging in extreme 'woke' politics by encouraging children to take chemical castration drugs and undergo surgeries, and they are lying to children by telling them puberty blockers are "reversible.
Speaker: mary miller
About the speaker: Congresswoman Mary Miller represents the 15th Congressional District of Illinois. She took office in January, 2021. 
Date: April 8, 2022
Location: illinois
Topics: government regulation;lgbtq
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Ruling Miller said the Biden administration is "encouraging children to take chemical castration drugs and undergo surgeries," and "are lying to children by telling them puberty blockers are reversible." The administration made no such assertions in the video Miller cited as . If they had, most credible scientific studies show the effects of puberty blockers are reversible. We rate this   .   – The statement is not accurate.
Statement: Photo shows "Earth, Venus and Jupiter as seen from Mars.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 21, 2021
Topics: science;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "   That hunch proved out: He noticed the letters NE in the bottom left corner of the image —  visible in the Facebook post — and noted that they’re the kind of markers used in planetarium software to indicate which direction a user is looking. The picture isn’t a hoax, he said, "just a computer generated image probably meant to represent a real scene." Had such a photo been taken, it would have appeared widely in the media as the previous NASA photos of Earth from Mars were.   There’s no such coverage of this image.   We rate the post .
Statement: Says Winston Churchill said, "The fascists of the future will call themselves anti-fascists.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: August 7, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;history
Context: a since-deleted tweet
Fact-check justification: Abbott said that Churchill said, "The fascists of the future will call themselves anti-fascists." Abbott drew the quotation from a gag website,it appears, and neither he nor the site made available factual backup. Experts on Churchill’s writings and speeches say there’s no  Churchill made the statement. We rate Abbott's since-deleted  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says he "beat (President Barack) Obama at the Supreme Court, saving coal jobs.
Speaker: patrick morrisey
About the speaker: Patrick Morrisey is the attorney general of West Virginia. Morrisey is running for the West Virginia U.S. Senate seat.
Date: September 4, 2018
Location: west virginia
Topics: environment;energy;legal issues
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: An ad for Patrick Morrisey said he "beat Obama at the Supreme Court, saving coal jobs." Morrisey wasn’t the only legal player involved in the lawsuit that derailed the Clean Power Plan, but he was widely considered a key figure. And employment levels in the coal industry have recovered, though modestly, and have only returned to their levels from early 2016. The statement is accurate but needs additional context, so we rate it .
Statement: Says CNN's Chris Cuomo "never asked" Sen. Richard Blumenthal about Blumenthal's misstatements on his own service in Vietnam.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 9, 2017
Location: national
Topics: ethics;supreme court
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said Cuomo failed to ask Blumenthal about his "long-term lie" about his service in Vietnam. The video record shows that Cuomo asked Blumenthal to respond to the charge that he lacked credibility after misrepresenting his military record. Cuomo might not have mentioned Vietnam, but he certainly brought Blumenthal’s past distortions into the conversation. Cuomo could have pressed Blumenthal with follow-up questions, which he failed to do. But he did ask. We rate this  .
Statement: Says he "will put a moratorium on tax hikes to keep families in their homes.
Speaker: bill daley
About the speaker: Bill Daley was U.S. Secretary of Commerce from 1997 to 2000. In 2011, he served as Obama's White House Chief of Staff. He is the son of one former Chicago mayor, Richard J. Daley, and brother of another, Richard. M. Daley. He is currently running for mayor in Chicago.
Date: December 6, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: taxes
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Bill Daley’s TV ad promises he would, as mayor, "put a moratorium on tax hikes to keep families in their homes." That  is . A spokesman for his campaign told us his freeze would apply only to taxes that directly fund city government. The promise does not extend to property taxes levied for schools, parks and other sister city agencies the mayor effectively controls though they comprise well over half of a typical bill. So Daley is promising to freeze the city’s direct property tax levy — but not all of the city-level property taxes Chicago homeowners pay. We rate Daley’s statement .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here  for more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: We had (a bill) in Florida where we now are prohibiting doctors to talk -- particularly pediatricians -- to talk to their patients about gun safety in the home.
Speaker: bob graham
About the speaker: Bob Graham is a former Democratic governor and U.S. Senator from Florida.
Date: June 1, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: health care;guns
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "Hardball."
Fact-check justification: On MSNBC's Hardball , Graham said the Florida Legislature had passed a bill "prohibiting doctors to talk -- particularly pediatricians -- to talk to their patients about gun safety in the home." The bill doesn't go that far. HB 155 creates restrictions for doctors wishing to ask their patients (or families) if they own a gun, and says health care officials should "refrain from unnecessarily harassing a patient about firearm ownership during an examination." Doctors remain able to address gun safety in general, though some say the threat of getting in trouble may hinder or prevent that discussion from taking place. The difference here is asking about gun ownership versus talking about gun safety. We rate this  .
Statement: Biden to teachers: 'They're not somebody else's children. They're yours when you're in the classroom.'
Speaker: republican national committee
About the speaker: The Republican National Committee is the national arm of the Republican Party.
Date: April 27, 2022
Location: national
Topics: children;education
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The RNC tweeted, "Biden to teachers: ‘They're not somebody else's children. They're yours when you're in the classroom.’" In his speech to teachers, Biden was talking about educators’ responsibility to their students and urged them to treat kids in the classroom with care, as if they were their own children. He told teachers students were "like" their own. By omitting that key word and dismissing his full comments, the RNC’s tweet misrepresents Biden’s statement and changes the meaning of his message to provoke emotion.  We rate it .
Statement: In the "Obama economy ... the youth unemployment rate is double the unemployment rate for all Americans.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: April 24, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a graphic posted on his website
Fact-check justification: Romney has a point that young Americans are hurting in today’s job market. There’s no question that employment prospects have dried up for many recent high-school and college graduates. But bolstering this argument by making the  that the "youth unemployment rate is double the unemployment rate for all Americans" is silly, since that's consistently been the case under both President George W. Bush and Obama. We rate the  .
Statement: The U.S. "trade deficit with China has gone from about $80 billion a year in the 1990s to $400 billion a year.
Speaker: ro khanna
About the speaker: Ro Khanna is a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from a district that includes portions of such cities as Cupertino, Santa Clara and San Jose.
Date: December 12, 2022
Location: california
Topics: china;trade
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Khanna said the U.S. "trade deficit with China has gone from about $80 billion a year in the 1990s to $400 billion a year." Whether measured in goods alone, or in goods and services, the U.S. annual trade deficit with China is on pace to be around $400 billion for 2022. That’s significantly higher than in the 1990s, when it topped out at $69 billion for goods and $67 billion for goods and services, although some experts disagreed with Khanna’s suggestion that the trade deficit is bad for U.S. manufacturing. Khanna’s statement is slightly off on the 1990s numbers, and the figure for 2022 is a projection. We rate it . RELATED: Fact-checks on trade RELATED: Fact-checks on China
Statement: The FDA knows that rushed-to-market COVID-19 vaccines may cause a wide range of life-threatening side effects, including death.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 6, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article on GreenMedInfo.com
Fact-check justification: "If an EUA is issued, the process will not be rushed, and no shortcuts will be taken around having the relevant phase 3 efficacy results." GreenMedInfo was created in 2008 and has published several articles that falsely  there’s a link between vaccines and autism. In 2018, Pinterest banned the site for violating its policies against anti-vaccine misinformation.   The website’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: McCain intervened on behalf of Charles Keating with federal regulators... that allowed Keating to continue his fraud at an incredible cost to taxpayers.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 6, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a Web site
Fact-check justification: So it's clear that McCain did "intervene on behalf of Charles Keating with federal regulators" – language lifted almost directly from the Senate committee report. And McCain also "championed legislation to delay regulation of the savings and loan industry" – as he acknowledged in his own book. It's debatable whether the first of those actions "allowed Keating to continue his fraud," and the second certainly didn't, since the legislation didn't pass. But yes, Keating's fraud did exact a huge cost from taxpayers. We find this  .