chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Breaking: Sasha Obama just crashed her expensive new car into a lake.
Speaker: defense-usa.site
About the speaker: Defense-usa.site posts fake news.
Date: December 21, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: The  news article linked to the website of the Washington Times Herald , an actual newspaper in Washington, Ind. But that website, which focuses on local news in Indiana, had no such story about Sasha crashing her car. (There was also a newspaper called The Washington Times-Herald that covered the capital city, but that was sold to the Washington Post in 1954.) The headline that Sasha Obama crashed her car into a lake is  news. We rate this headline .
Statement: The rate of U.S. female homicide victims outnumbers 24 other developed countries by more than 2½ to 1.
Speaker: everytown for gun safety
About the speaker: Everytown for Gun Safety is an advocacy group that seeks to prevent gun violence.
Date: March 8, 2016
Location: national
Topics: history;crime;public safety;guns
Context: a Facebook meme
Fact-check justification: Everytown for Gun Safety produced a chart showing that the rate of U.S. female homicides outnumbers the rates in 24 other developed countries by more than 2½ to 1. But the rates in the chart are for gun-related homicides, not all homicides. Nor are they the rates for domestic violence deaths among women, contrary to the headline on the chart. Finally, the data are about two decades out of date. The relationship that caught our eye — female homicides being 2½ times more common than other developed countries — is not as extreme, according to the latest estimates, although the United States is clearly far ahead of other developed countries. The chart gets the general trend right, but most of its actual numbers are off. We rate the statement .
Statement: A photo shows former President Barack Obama's "old boyfriend," to whom he paid "hush money.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: March 24, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: A search of government sites showed that Chandoo was among the expected attendees for White House dinners celebrating Ramadan in 2009 and 2010 .   Reports show that Chandoo donated to Obama’s 2008 election campaign and joined an Asian-American council that supported Obama’s presidential run. Chandoo was also listed on Obama’s campaign website as one of the top fundraisers, and was reported to have attended Obama’s wedding in 1992. Bill Burton, Obama’s former deputy press secretary, also said in 2008 that Obama spent about three weeks traveling in Pakistan and stayed in Karachi with Chandoo’s family. We rate the  that a photo shows Obama’s "old boyfriend," to whom he paid "hush money" !
Statement: Mitt Romney's pledged to protect (oil companies') record profits – and their billions in special tax breaks, too.
Speaker: priorities usa action
About the speaker: Priorities USA Action is a PAC that is supportive of President Barack Obama.
Date: March 30, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: energy;taxes
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: The Priorities USA Action ad says "Mitt Romney’s pledged to protect their (oil companies) record profits – and their billions in special tax breaks, too." We couldn’t find any pledge from Romney to protect the oil industries’ tax breaks -- if anything, Romney appears to be trying to avoid making any clear statement on how he would handle those subsidies. But there are signs that he is favorable toward maintaining those tax breaks. The most notable  is his campaign memo’s criticism of Obama for wanting to increase taxes on the industry and the fact that his energy adviser is an oil executive who opposes "punitive tax increases." Romney hasn’t made a "pledge" but there are signs he supports the existing tax breaks. We rate this  .
Statement: Voting machines found in bus in Arizona.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 4, 2020
Location: arizona
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "The information in the original post is ." An employee at the gas station where the bus was parked told the Associated Press that "it was just printers and blank paper" inside the bus. We rate this Facebook post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Donald Trump "rooted for the housing crisis, because he knew he could make money off of it.
Speaker: scott peters
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Scott Peters is a Democrat from San Diego. He represents California's 52nd Congressional District, which includes much of the coastal and northern stretches of the city of San Diego.
Date: July 12, 2016
Location: california
Topics: economy;housing
Context: a media conference call
Fact-check justification: Rep. Scott Peters, D-CA, said Donald Trump "rooted for the housing crisis, because he knew he could make money off of it." His statement parallels a  in Hillary Clinton’s May campaign ad: "In 2006, Donald Trump was hoping for a real estate crash." Trump said on more than one occasion that he welcomed a downturn in the real estate market because it would give him a chance to buy properties at a bargain and sell them at a higher price later. What's far less clear is whether Trump was rooting for something on the scale of the Great Recession, a suggestion made in the Clinton ad, or a "housing crisis," as suggested by Peters. In fact, Trump’s comments in his audiobook and to the Globe and Mail show he didn't envision the financial meltdown that followed. PolitiFact rated Clinton’s statement  , saying it was "accurate but needs clarification or additional information." For the same reason, we rate Peters’ statement .    – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for   more   on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/20b849c5-4175-4117-a150-6010ffdaec89
Statement: We had 6,000 oil and gas spills in 2012" with "more oil and gas spreading in the United States than the entire Exxon Valdez spill.
Speaker: josh fox
About the speaker: Josh Fox is a film director and environmental activist and director of the Oscar-nominated film "Gasland."
Date: January 19, 2014
Topics: energy;oil spill;punditfact
Context: an interview on MSNBC's "Melissa Harris-Perry"
Fact-check justification: Filmmaker-activist Josh Fox claimed the country had "6,000 oil and gas spills in 2012, ... amounting to more oil and gas spreading in the United States than the entire Exxon Valdez spill." He correctly cites an energy publication’s investigation about the number of spills at oil and gas sites in 2012. We can’t independently verify the data, as there’s no central hub for it and the reporter compiled it mainly from state agencies over four months. The comparison to the Exxon Valdez spill, however, requires a bit more explanation. The report measures oil, fracking fluid and contaminated wastewater spills, which Fox short-handed to "oil and gas." That's not 100 percent correct and requires a minor clarification. As such, we rate Fox's  .
Statement: Says it's not possible for some Wisconsin residents to watch Packers games, "they're forced to watch Viking games," so he "got a law passed to fix" the problem.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: October 25, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: population;regulation;sports
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: The Packers a "socialist organization."  . Gov. Scott Walker once compared himself to Packers quarterbacks Brett Favre and Aaron Rodgers after being criticized by Donald Trump. We did an In Context article on that. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/03674d1e-595c-42d1-9982-9a6998ce446d
Statement: The law has not established whether Rhode Island public employees have property rights to their pensions.
Speaker: gina raimondo
About the speaker: Gina Raimondo served a four-year term as Rhode Island's general treasurer beginning in Jan. 4, 2011 before being elected governor in 2014. She cofounded and served as a general partner of Point Judith Capital. She is a graduate of Yale Law School and a Rhodes Scholar. She is married with two children.
Date: February 18, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: legal issues;pensions;public service;state budget
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Raimondo’s spokeswoman cited a federal court ruling to back up her  that public workers don’t have an established property right to their pensions. That ruling provides some support to her statement; a separate state case that raises the issue is unresolved. * A prominent labor lawyer and two law professors agree that, as Raimondo suggests, the issue has yet to be resolved in Rhode Island. So until a court rules otherwise, Raimondo’s statement is .
Statement: In a simulation, an AI-enabled drone operated by the U.S. Air Force killed its operators and "started taking out communication towers.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 2, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: According to that note, Hamilton said, "We've never run that experiment, nor would we need to in order to realise that this is a plausible outcome." He also clarified that the Air Force has not tested any weaponized AI in this way.   Air Force spokesperson Ann Stefanek told Insider that the department "has not conducted any such AI-drone simulations and remains committed to ethical and responsible use of AI technology." PolitiFact reached out to Stefanek but did not hear back. We rate the  that an AI-led drone killed its operator and took out a communication tower .
Statement: Says Attorney General William Barr didn't cite the "rule of law" in explaining his decision in the Michael Flynn case during a CBS News interview.
Speaker: chuck todd
About the speaker: Chuck Todd is a political analyst and reporter for NBC and MSNBC.
Date: May 10, 2020
Topics: criminal justice;legal issues;pundits;punditfact
Context: a TV segment
Fact-check justification: Todd said Barr "didn’t make the case that he was upholding the rule of law" with regard to Flynn during an interview with CBS News. "Meet the Press" did not show the attorney general’s complete remarks.  After saying that "history is written by the winners," Barr said, "I think a fair history would say it was a good decision because it upheld the rule of law." We rate Todd’s statement . UPDATE, May 13, 2020: Todd  apologized  for the error during the May 12 edition of MSNBC’s "Meet the Press Daily." Todd said his team did not deliberately omit Barr’s complete remarks or edit them out. They saw only the "CBS Evening News" version of the clip, and they did not check for a full transcript, he said. "The second part of the attorney general’s answer would have put it in the proper context, and had I seen that part of the interview, I would not have framed the conversation the way I did, and I obviously am very sorry for that ," Todd said.
Statement: Says the Constitution only requires her to tell the census "how many people are in our home.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: June 17, 2009
Location: national
Topics: census
Context: a Washington Times interview
Fact-check justification: Employees found to have violated laws to protect people's personal identity face up to five years in jail and fines of up to $250,000. Bachmann is not only  here, she is engaging in fearmongering that encourages people to break the law. And in doing so, she's falsely telling people that the Constitution would support them. In fact, the Washington Times reporter followed her answer by saying, "Well, I'm going to take your hint then and that'll save me some time." And so we feel it's necessary to rate this one .
Statement: We have about six school districts that are in school 140 to 150 days this year.
Speaker: john barge
About the speaker: John Barge, a Republican, was elected by Georgia voters in 2010 as the state schools superintendent.
Date: October 17, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: education
Context: a town hall meeting
Fact-check justification: The total was four. Three districts have scheduled fewer than 150 days of instruction while two plan 151 days of classroom instruction. Barge was close. And he did qualify his statement by saying "about" six districts have 150 or fewer days of instruction. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says Texas "school systems" lose 45 days a year on testing.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: April 8, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: an appearance on Mark Davis’ KSKY-AM radio show
Fact-check justification: Dewhurst said that "our school systems lose every year, some 45 days on testing." The precise 45-day figure is widely cited without explanation or proof. Meantime, testing calendars and state law suggest that state-mandated plus district-required tests could -- might -- occupy parts of 22 to 54 days. School-level tests could affect more days, but Dewhurst (unlike Lyons) was speaking to districts, not individual schools. If a number is floated without direct factual backup, it’s hard for us to buy. Still, we see an element of  to this statement: It’s inside the range of 22 to 54 days supported by test calendars and the law. We rate the  .
Statement: Annual water usage in 2010 was actually down more than 18 percent from usage in 2006.
Speaker: charlotte nash
About the speaker: Charlotte Nash, a Republican, is a candidate for chair of Gwinnett County Board of Commissioners
Date: May 18, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: water
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Gwinnett officials say the average daily use was 87.4 million gallons in 2006 and 71.3 million gallons a day in 2009. In 2010, the average daily use was 74.7 million gallons a day. That is a 14.3 percent decline. Since the 14 percent reduction is pretty close to 18 percent, we don’t consider the error to be that egregious. We rate Nash’s  as .
Statement: Our road conditions cost WI families. In Milwaukee, the average cost per driver is $2,300.
Speaker: latonya johnson
About the speaker: Sen. LaTonya Johnson was elected to Wisconsin's 6th Senate District in 2016. She previously served in Wisconsin's 17th Assembly District. The 6th district includes residential, urban and downtown Milwaukee.
Date: April 3, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: infrastructure;public safety
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: TRIP, a frequently cited national nonprofit that researches and evaluates data on transportation issues, has generated a $2,321 per year figure for Milwaukee drivers. But that figure applies to a broader set of issues than strictly road conditions, which is what Johnson focused on. When the focus is on road conditions, TRIP’s figure for Milwaukee is $944 per year -- one that is more in line with other studies on the cost of bad roads to drivers. Our definition for  is "The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression." That fits here.
Statement: Says George Flinn has been a "no show" at scheduled "forums.
Speaker: charlotte bergmann
About the speaker: Charlotte Bergmann is a former marketing professional who has been running as a Tea Party-style Republican for Tennessee's 9th Congressional District, which comprises Memphis and parts of the county's least-affluent suburban areas.
Date: April 10, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: negative campaigning
Context: a press release calling for debates
Fact-check justification: Charlotte Bergmann’s 9th Congressional District campaign claims that George Flinn, her Republican primary opponent, has a pattern of confirming his attendance at partisan forums and then not showing up, and is seeking to label him a "chicken," unwilling to debate. But the  shows Flinn has either attended events or sent his regrets in advance. We rate Bergmann’s  .
Statement: Says the 2008 book "End of Days" predicted the current coronavirus outbreak.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 19, 2020
Topics: pop culture;public health;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In the book, for example, Wuhan-400 has a 100% fatality rate. But in China, where more than 77,600 cases have been confirmed, the death toll is 2,663 . The Facebook post we’re checking similarly suggests that Browne’s "End of Days" predicted the new coronavirus. But it misleads by suggesting that Browne wrote the passage in Koontz’s novel that describes "Wuhan-400. "  We rate this post .
Statement: President Joe Biden died and Vice President Kamala Harris was sworn into office.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 4, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook video
Fact-check justification: Penny’s "lengthy videos offer a stream of QAnon conspiracy theories claiming that former president Donald Trump will save the country from the grip of a child-trafficking cabal and that his return to power is all part of a plan," the story said.   Despite the claims in the Facebook and Rumble videos, Joe Biden remains alive and at the helm of the U.S. with Kamala Harris as his vice president. Biden made several public appearances after July 1, the date the  says he died, including speaking at a White House celebration on the Fourth of July. Harris spent July 4 in Los Angeles, where she visited  L.A. Fire Department Station 39. We rate the  that Biden is dead and Harris was sworn into office !
Statement: COVID-19's "contagion probability" between two people is 70% if the carrier is not masked, 5% if the carrier is masked, and 1.5% if both parties are.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 23, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;health check;coronavirus
Context: a widely-circulated social media post
Fact-check justification: Our ruling  A viral social media image claims to show "contagion probabilities" in different scenarios depending on whether masks are worn.   Experts agreed the image does convey an idea that is right: Wearing a mask is likely to interfere with the spread of COVID-19.   But, although this message has a hint of accuracy, the image leaves out important details and context, namely the source for the contagion probabilities it seeks to illustrate. Experts said  for the specific probabilities doesn’t exist.       We rate it .
Statement: An estimated 56 million Americans don't have bank accounts.
Speaker: john edwards
About the speaker: John Edwards is a former U.S. senator from North Carolina who was John Kerry's running mate in 2004. A personal injury attorney, Edwards was born in South Carolina in 1953 and now lives in Chapel Hill, N.C. He graduated from North Carolina State University and earned a law degree from the University of North Carolina Law School. He is married to Elizabeth Edwards, who has been diagnosed with cancer. They have three children; a fourth was killed in an auto accident. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: June 21, 2007
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: New York City
Fact-check justification: The Edwards campaign Website uses the Center for American Progress, a left-leaning think tank for its figure of about 56 million people without accounts. The center got the number from a 2002 report by the General Accounting Office, which used U.S. Census data to estimate that 55.9-million adults did not hold checking, savings or money market accounts in 1999. But that number is at the high end of the available estimates. According to the Federal Reserve Board's 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances, its most recent, the number of American families without a bank account is closer to 10-million. The Census estimates 2.6 individuals per houshold, which would put the Federal Reserve estimate on bank accounts at 26-million at the very most because the Census household figure includes children.
Statement: Before "our last three presidents, you have to go back to the 1800s, early 1800s to find three presidents in a row being consecutively re-elected.
Speaker: joe scarborough
About the speaker: Joe Scarborough, a former Republican congressman from Florida, is the host of "Morning Joe" on MSNBC. He is a lawyer with Beggs and Lane, the oldest firm in Florida and a former publisher and editor of "The Florida Sun," a newspaper.
Date: April 10, 2014
Topics: elections;history;punditfact
Context: comments on MSNBC's "Morning Joe"
Fact-check justification: Scarborough said that before "our last three presidents, you have to go back to the 1800s, early 1800s to find three presidents in a row being consecutively re-elected." He’s right. The last -- and only -- presidents before Clinton, George W. Bush and Obama to be re-elected back-to-back were Jefferson, Madison and Monroe in the early 1800s. We rate Scarborough’s  .
Statement: After the 2012 redistricting, Wisconsin has competitive congressional districts.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: September 2, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: redistricting
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our rating Ryan says that Wisconsin’s congressional districts are competitive. He raised several points to buttress his argument, and each has elements of  to it. But, overall, the impact of redistricting on the seats cited by Ryan -- including his own -- is clear. Seats now held by Republicans Duffy, Kind and Ryan were redrawn in favor of the incumbent in the 2012 redistricting. We rate Ryan’s  .