chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: A car flooded in Germany had a sticker critical of Greta Thunberg.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 17, 2021
Topics: climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: One Twitter user shared a photo of the car from a different angle and there’s no sticker. "Deadly heatwaves, floods, storms, wildfires, droughts, crop failures… This is not ‘the new normal,’" Thunberg tweeted on July 15. "We’re at the very beginning of a climate and ecological emergency, and extreme weather events will only become more and more frequent. #FaceTheCimateEmergency. "  We rate this post .
Statement: Leticia Van de Putte "voted to stop schools from removing teachers convicted of a felony.
Speaker: dan patrick
About the speaker: As a Houston state senator, Dan Patrick won election as lieutenant governor of Texas in November 2014 after earlier defeating incumbent David Dewhurst for his party's nomination. Patrick also has hosted a daily talk show on AM700 in Houston.
Date: October 22, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: criminal justice;education;crime
Context: a TV ad, "Better Schools"
Fact-check justification: Patrick said Van de Putte "voted to stop schools from removing teachers convicted of a felony." Nope. There was never a vote to stop schools from firing teachers convicted of a felony. Still, Van de Putte voted against making it easier to terminate such teachers – a toughening that was supported by Patrick to wipe out the right of teachers to request an independent hearing before being let go. We rate this statement .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Eighty-five percent of every dollar donated to the Clinton Foundation ended up either with the Clintons or with their staff to pay for travel, salaries, and benefits. Fifteen cents of every dollar actually went to some charitable beneficiary.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: April 23, 2015
Topics: campaign finance;candidate biography;human rights;punditfact
Context: a monologue on his radio show
Fact-check justification: Limbaugh said "85 percent of every dollar donated to the Clinton Foundation ended up either with the Clintons or with their staff to pay for travel, salaries, and benefits. Fifteen cents of every dollar actually went to some charitable beneficiary." There’s a grain of  here -- roughly 85 percent of the foundation’s spending was for items other than charitable grants to other organizations, and a large chunk of this 85 percent did go to Clinton Foundation staff for travel, salaries and benefits. However, the foundation says it does most of its charitable work in-house, and it’s not credible to think that the foundation spent zero dollars beyond grants on any charitable work, which is what it would take for Limbaugh to be correct. The  contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: On Syria, "a lot of the allies signed on. At the last minute, Obama backed off.
Speaker: dick cheney
About the speaker: Dick Cheney served as Vice President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 in the administration of George W. Bush.
Date: March 9, 2014
Topics: foreign policy;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of CBS' "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: Cheney said a lot of allies "got ready to go" on Syria and "signed on," but Obama backed out. Actually, very few American allies were "ready to go." We counted France, Turkey and Saudi Arabia as countries that were supportive. And France’s support seemed to wane as time went on. Among the "no" crowd were key allies like the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy. In fact, the United Kingdom’s parliament offered an embarrassing rebuke to Cameron when it blocked British participation. The Arab League did not endorse the military action, nor did the United Nations. Obama has said he declined to pursue military action because Syria agreed to weapons inspections. There’s no dispute that for whatever reason, military action was not pursued in Syria. But Cheney was re-writing history when he said "a lot of the allies signed on." We rate his  .
Statement: According to the FBI, Mexican drug cartels are working with 100,000 street gang members in Chicago alone.
Speaker: wayne lapierre
About the speaker: Wayne LaPierre is executive vice president of the National Rifle Association.
Date: February 24, 2017
Location: national
Topics: drugs;homeland security;crime;guns
Context: a speech at CPAC
Fact-check justification: LaPierre said,  "According to the FBI, Mexican drug cartels are working with 100,000 street gang members in Chicago alone." LaPierre cites data in a 2013 national gang report produced by the FBI’s National Gang Intelligence Center. But it’s hard to gauge how solid that figure is, and experts question its veracity. The figure tracks back to a 2012 interview of a DEA special agent in The Blaze. The DEA told PolitiFact there’s an estimated 100,000 gang members in Chicago heavily involved in drug trafficking. It’s hard to quantify exactly how many of them are working with cartels, though cartels are the source for the drugs distributed by street gangs in Chicago, the DEA said. Independent experts, meanwhile, are skeptical about generalizing that all 100,000 street gang members — Latino and non-Latino — are collaborating with cartels, since the cartels mainly collaborate with Latino street gangs. We rate LaPierre's statement .
Statement: Since 2007 David Jolly has given almost $30,000 to keep Democrats in Congress!
Speaker: kathleen peters
About the speaker: Kathleen Peters is a state representative for District 69 running for the open 13th U.S. Congressional District seat. She was previously the mayor and a city commissioner of South Pasadena in Pinellas County.
Date: December 13, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: a mailing to 13th Congressional District voters
Fact-check justification: Peters’ mailer said Jolly "has given almost $30,000 to keep Democrats in Congress" in the form of campaign contributions. The total on the flier, which we confirmed and Jolly did not dispute, is $28,622. That sounds like almost $30,000 to us. But Jolly has given even more to Republicans, and he was a staff member to Young for several years.   The statement is accurate but needs clarification. We rate this statement .
Statement: President Obama budget request for veterans is "more than double the amount in constant dollars appropriated in 1980, when the veterans population was larger by a third.
Speaker: jim webb
About the speaker: Jim Webb is running for president of the United States in 2016.
Webb, a Democrat, served as a U.S. senator from Virginia in 2007-13. He served as the first Assistant Secreatry of Defense for Reserve Affairs and Secretary of the Navy in the Ronald Reagan administration.
Webb is a 1968 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and served as a Marine Corps infantry officer until 1972 and saw action in the Vietnam War, for which he was awarded the Navy Cross, Silver Star, two Bronze Stars and two Purple Hearts.
Webb was born in Saint Joseph, Mo. He also has a law degree from Georgetown Law Center, Washington, D.C. He has written fiction and nonfictions books and won an Emmy award for his 1983 PBS coverage of the U.S. Marines in Beirut. He frequently writes opinion columns for many publications.
Date: May 14, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: federal budget;veterans
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Webb said the president’s $140 billion request for veterans services is more than double what it was in 1980, when the veterans population was a third larger than today. He’s right. We point out that major increases to the VA occurred in the last decade under the Bush and Obama administrations. That said, we rate the senator’s statement .
Statement: Photos show "Elon Musk and his company are in the final stages of making a Robot Wife.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 17, 2023
Topics: corrections and updates;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "The supply of Robot Wives is expected to roll out in September 2023. They will reach Africa by November 2023." The post was flagged as part of Meta’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) PolitiFact reached out to the @art_is_2_inspire account, its owner, who identified as Pablo Xavier sent screenshots of prompts used to create the images.
Statement: Only 12% of legal immigrants are selected based on skill or based on merit. In countries like Canada, Australia and New Zealand, and others, that number is closer to 60, and even 70 and 75% in some cases.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 16, 2019
Location: national
Topics: immigration;corrections and updates;economy;homeland security;jobs
Context: an immigration speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Only 12% of legal immigrants are selected based on skill or based on merit. In countries like Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, and others, that number is closer to 60, and even 70 and 75% in some cases." In the United States, about 12% of immigrants get employment-based lawful permanent residence. In Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, residence for similar immigration categories range from 56% to 68%. For all countries, those percentages include professionals’ family members. If the accompanying family members are reclassified as family migrants, then Canada’s family migration is greater than the economic share, a study said. Relative to its population size, the United States takes in roughly the same rate of family migrants as do Canada and Australia. Trump’s statement is accurate but needs clarification. We rate it .
Statement: Congress shoveled $700 billion into the Troubled Assets Relief Program, $325 billion of which has been spent without purchasing any toxic assets.
Speaker: george will
About the speaker: George Will is a conservative columnist syndicated by the Washington Post.
Date: March 24, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;pundits
Context: a column published by the Washington Post and other news organizations
Fact-check justification: The $325 billion cited by Will comes from the March 11 testimony by Neel Kashkari, the interim assistant secretary for financial stability who directs the TARP, before the Domestic Policy Subcommittee of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee. Asked about the status of the program and how much more would be needed, Kashkari said, "We've deployed about 325 billion cash dollars out the door." And at that point, none of the money had been spent on buying toxic assets, according to the Government Accountability Office, a nonpartisan congressional research group, and the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, an independent group tracking spending on TARP and other stimulus programs on its site Stimulus Watch. We should note that since that testimony, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner has unveiled his proposal for buying the toxic assets, which would be partly paid for by a portion of the TARP money. But that wasn't the case when Will's column was published, so we find his  to be .
Statement: Thomas Paine wrote that 'the duty of a patriot is to protect his country from his government.'
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: February 24, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: history;patriotism
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Perry says Paine wrote that ‘the duty of a patriot is to protect his country from his government.’" He offers no proof or citation of where Paine wrote that phrase. Two Paine scholars tell us the quote didn’t originate with the founding father and that the saying doesn’t appear in any of Paine’s writings. We rate Perry’s  .
Statement: NASA admits that man-made climate change is a hoax!
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 11, 2021
Topics: climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Human activities are changing the natural greenhouse," NASA says. "Over the last century the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). This happens because the coal or oil burning process combines carbon with oxygen in the air to make CO2. To a lesser extent, the clearing of land for agriculture, industry and other human activities has increased concentrations of greenhouse gases." We rate this Instagram post .
Statement: Says Barack Obama's administration has admitted that money from its Iran nuclear deal "would go directly to terrorism.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: January 22, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: china;foreign policy;nuclear;terrorism
Context: a campaign email
Fact-check justification: The officials said, according to U.S. News & World Report, they were "nearly certain" Iran would continue funding terrorism with the tens of billions of dollars it stands to gain from the nuclear deal. The White House did not respond to our requests for comment. Our rating Johnson said Obama's administration has admitted that money from its Iran nuclear deal "would go directly to terrorism." Administration officials have said they expect some portion of money from the deal with Iran, which is aimed at preventing Iran from getting a nuclear bomb, will end up with groups that are labeled as terrorists. For a  that is partially accurate but leaves out important details, our rating is .
Statement: The 87,000 new IRS agents who were supposed to "only target the rich" are now "coming after waitresses' tips.
Speaker: mike palicz
About the speaker: Mike Palicz is the director of tax policy at the conservative advocacy group Americans for Tax Reform.
Date: February 7, 2023
Topics: workers;taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Mike Palicz claimed that 87,000 IRS agents will now be "coming after waitresses’ tips," after the IRS announced a new service industry tip reporting program. Tips are already subject to federal income taxes. But the IRS has proposed a new, voluntary tip program to replace existing programs of this type. It is only a proposal for now, and the IRS is seeking public comment for it.  Similar voluntary tip reporting programs have been in place for decades now. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  . RELATED: Fact-checking Joe Manchin on the targeting of IRS audits
Statement: Obama-era ban on whole and 2% milk in schools has caused "notable decline" in student milk consumption.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: June 12, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: congress;food
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Johnson said the Obama-era removal of whole milk and 2% options led to a "notable decline" in school milk consumption. Milk consumption has notably declined in schools, but it has declined across all age groups nationwide. And the leading industry group studying this topic — which Johnson’s staff pointed to in defense of his  — said the changes in milk availability are just one of several factors in the drop in student milk use. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, our rating is .
Statement: The past (Obama) administration was the first administration that never had a whole year of 3 percent growth.
Speaker: peter roskam
About the speaker: Roskam graduated from the University of Illinois before spending his early career in the office of Congressman Henry Hyde. He later earned his J.D. from Kent College of Law. Roskam has represented Chicago's western suburbs in both the Illinois House of Representatives and Senate. He is chief deputy whip and is now serving his fourth term.
Date: March 6, 2017
Location: illinois
Topics: economy
Context: a speech at the City Club of Chicago
Fact-check justification: Roskam said the Obama "administration was the first administration that never had a whole year of 3 percent growth." While Roskam’s  is accurate when based on annual GDP growth figures between 2009 and 2016, there are other ways to look at the data, such as from one quarter to the same in the previous year. Doing so reveals economic growth has surpassed 3 percent during two periods of Obama’s presidency. We rate Roskam’s  .
Statement: There are "high administrative costs" when you donate to Haiti relief through the White House Web site.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: January 18, 2010
Location: national
Topics: pundits
Context: a comment on his radio show
Fact-check justification: So Limbaugh is seriously distorting the , suggesting that people can donate through the White House when in fact the White House site has simply posted links to groups that earn generally positive ratings. There's no  the White House is using any of these donations for administrative costs, and the charities aren't sharing donors' e-mail addresses with the White House. Limbaugh is making a    that the Obama administration is capitalizing on a tragedy. That's enough to set the meter ablaze. !
Statement: You people hate on Trump but he put on a child protective force that found over 300 missing kids in less than 30 days.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 31, 2020
Topics: children;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says Trump established a "child protective force that found over 300 missing kids in less than 30 days." The U.S. Marshals Missing Child Unit conducted operations in 2018 and 2020 to locate children listed as missing. Many of them turned out to be where they lived or belonged.  There is no  Trump created a "child protective force," or that 300 missing children were found in less than a month. We rate this  . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: At least three or four of the pieces that are in" in the Republican lame-duck legislation, Scott Walker "has vetoed previously.
Speaker: tony evers
About the speaker: Tony Evers, a Democrat, was elected Wisconsin governor in November 2018. His term begins in January 2019. Evers has served as the Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction, a non-partisan position, since 2009. He previously worked as a teacher and school district administrator.
Date: December 9, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;legal issues;state budget
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Evers said, "At least three or four of the pieces that are in" in the Republican lame-duck legislation, Walker "has vetoed previously." There are four provisions in the lame-duck bills that Walker has vetoed previously and that would put new requirements or restrictions on the incoming Evers administration. But those provisions aren’t the major ones in the lame-duck session that have generated so much controversy and threats of lawsuits. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification, our rating is .
Statement: Says Raphael Warnock has "said we need to open up the prisons" and "eliminate cash bail.
Speaker: kelly loeffler
About the speaker: Kelly Loeffler is a former U.S. Senator from Georgia.
Date: December 9, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: criminal justice;poverty
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Loeffler said Warnock has "said we need to open up the prisons" and "eliminate cash bail." Warnock made a remark about opening jails in speaking about decriminalizing marijuana, which he supports. He supports reducing the prison population through measures such as sentencing reforms, not through simply releasing prison inmates.  Warnock supports eliminating the requirement for posting cash bail only for people who are charged with nonviolent misdemeanors or municipal offenses, so they would not have to stay in jail while their cases are pending in court. Loeffler’s statement contains an element of , but leaves out critical facts that would give a different impression. That’s our definition of .
Statement: Says that Hurricane Harvey "dropped more water on Houston in five days than goes over Niagara Falls in a year.
Speaker: john kerry
About the speaker: John Kerry is the secretary of state. He previously was a senator from Massachusetts and the Democratic Party's nominee for president in 2004.
Date: January 31, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: environment;climate change
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: By the time Harvey dissipated it had dropped around 33 trillion gallons of water primarily on Texas, Louisiana and, to a lesser extent, Tennessee and Kentucky.  By comparison, about 23.8 trillion gallons of water flows over Niagara Falls per year.    Kerry’s comment errs in narrowing Harvey rainfall to Houston, and his office acknowledged the misstatement.  In fact, 1 trillion gallons were dumped on Harris County, which would be equivalent to the volume of water that spills over Niagara Falls in 15 days.    We rate this  .