chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says she's "leading the fight" to "force insurance companies to cover pre-existing conditions.
Speaker: martha mcsally
About the speaker: Martha McSally, a Republican, is a former U.S. Senator and former U.S. Representative from Arizona. McSally served 26 years in the U.S. Air Force, retiring in 2010 as a full colonel. She was the first female fighter pilot to fly a combat mission and command a fighter squadron. She was elected to public office for the first time when she won election to Congress in 2014.
Date: October 24, 2018
Location: arizona
Topics: health care
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: McSally claimed she’s "leading the fight" to "force insurance companies to cover pre-existing conditions." It was the Obama-era Affordable Care Act that forced insurance companies to cover pre-existing conditions. McSally in 2015 voted in favor of a full repeal of the law. The bill directed House committees to offer new proposals, including one that provided people with pre-existing conditions access to affordable health coverage. In 2017, McSally voted for the American Health Care Act, a Republican proposal that kept the Affordable Care Act’s pre-existing conditions coverage. Despite language in the bill to protect people with pre-existing conditions, it included provisions that undermined that coverage and increased premiums for certain people, making insurance unaffordable in some cases, experts said. McSally did support an amendment to help reduce over 5 years increased premiums and out-of-pocket expenses that people with pre-existing conditions might face due to a state waiver allowed in the bill. McSally’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Just passed into law today: You cannot go 5 miles over speed limit" in North Carolina.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 11, 2022
Location: national
Topics: north carolina;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that a new law was passed in North Carolina on April 11 that drivers could not go 5 mph over the speed limit, and could be stopped for going one mile over it.   No new law was passed stating this. North Carolina, like other states, follows absolute law, which means that a person driving at any speed over the posted limit in an area is in violation of the law. However, it allows for basic law, which rules that a person can drive at a speed that is reasonable and safe under favorable conditions.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says Joe Biden tweeted, "the way white people talk leaving minorities confused.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 24, 2021
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) The tweet in the Facebook post, which exceeds Twitter’s 280-character limit, does not appear in Biden’s Twitter accounts, @JoeBiden, @POTUS, and @WhiteHouse.   It also doesn’t appear in a ProPublica database of deleted tweets from the president’s accounts.   Such a tweet would have drawn wide news coverage but there is nothing to support that Biden actually said this.   We rate this post .
Statement: 6000% Increase in Reported Vaccine Deaths 1st Quarter 2021 Compared to 1st Quarter 2020
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: April 1, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post shared an article claiming "6000% Increase in Reported Vaccine Deaths 1st Quarter 2021 Compared to 1st Quarter 2020." The article is based on a misrepresentation of information from a federally maintained database of suspected adverse reactions to vaccinations, including the COVID-19 vaccines. The database cautions users the numbers reported should not be taken as fact since they have not been verified through independent scientific study. Millions of people across the United States have been given a COVID-19 vaccination and not enough research has been done to show a definitive link between the vaccines and any of the reported adverse reactions. We rate this  .
Statement: McDonald's puts aborted baby fetuses in their food.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 11, 2021
Topics: food safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: That’s it!"   In 2012, after an Oklahoma state senator introduced a bill banning the sale of "food or products which use aborted human fetuses," Gawker reached out to McDonalds and other companies about the question of whether aborted fetuses are used in their food. Ashlee Yingling, then a company spokesperson, answered directly: "The answer is no," Yingling said. "McDonald’s does not use aborted human fetuses in its food. "  We rate this post .
Statement: Video shows a "Russian pilot" escaping from jets and a Russian aircraft getting hit by a missile.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 22, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) We found the clip on YouTube by searching for the words in the title. On that platform, it was clearly identified as coming from the video game Arma 3.   On Facebook, however, it’s causing confusion. We rate claims that this shows real combat in Ukraine with Russian jets .
Statement: Says Russ Feingold "got paid $8,000 a lecture at Stanford University.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: October 6, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: "The responsibilities of teaching at Stanford do involve significant work outside of in-class time," Hayward wrote in an email. "In addition to those teaching responsibilities, Mr. Feingold guest-lectured in other classes, delivered a public lecture, and was available to students and colleagues as a member of our academic community." Johnson claims Feingold "got paid $8,000 a lecture at Stanford University." While the math may be right, or close to it, the  implies that the number of lectures is somehow tied to pay grade and ignores the other work required outside of class. We rate this  .
Statement: In Minnesota, well over 6,200 election-day registrations from 2008 proved fraudulent.
Speaker: club for growth
About the speaker: The Club for Growth is an anti-tax group.
Date: December 12, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;legal issues;states
Context: a newsletter
Fact-check justification: Our rating Arguing for an end to election-day voter registration in Wisconsin, Wisconsin Club for Growth claimed that in the November 2008 election, more than 6,200 election-day voter registrations in Minnesota were "fraudulent." According to the Minnesota secretary of state’s office, the number of verification postcards that were returned is far overstated. What’s more, that alone is not proof of fraud. While it’s possible that some of those voters provided fraudulent information about their names or addresses, there is no  of more than 6,200 fraudulent same-day registrations. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says it shows a "DNC Group" teaching "ILLEGAL VOTING in Arizona.
Speaker: youtube videos
About the speaker: Videos uploaded to YouTube.
Date: January 22, 2020
Topics: elections
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: A YouTube video claims to show a "DNC group" teaching "ILLEGAL VOTING in Arizona." The group that the video purports to show is a grassroots local political organization in Arizona, and is not affiliated with the DNC. The activist in the video said multiple times that it’s illegal to register as a U.S. citizen if you’re not. He told the two men in the video that there is a loophole in Arizona and federal law by which prospective voters can register to vote without showing proof of citizenship. He did not encourage undocumented immigrants to try to illegally vote. The YouTube video is . We rate it .
Statement: Says "46 percent of people believe major national news organizations fabricate stories about me.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 22, 2017
Location: national
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said that 46 percent of people think news organizations fabricate stories about him. Trump accurately cited a recent poll result. The experts we reached said while the survey method is flawed, the problems aren’t big enough to invalidate its approximate findings. They cautioned against putting much weight on the exact number, which is generally in line with the country’s partisan divide. However, the survey tends to skew Republican and its results run counter to other recent polls showing that about half the public trusts the media to be fairly reliable, and as one poll found, more reliable than Trump. Given the softness of the number and that polls on related issues gave a different impression, we rate the  .
Statement: The top 0.1 percent ... own about the same wealth as 90 percent of America.
Speaker: elizabeth warren
About the speaker: Elizabeth Warren is a senator from Massachusetts. Warren was elected to the Senate in 2012 and was re-elected in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024. Warren received a bachelor’s degree in speech pathology and audiology from the University of Houston and a J.D. from Rutgers Law School. In 2019, she announced her race for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 5, 2020.
Date: January 29, 2019
Location: national
Topics: wealth
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Warren said that the top 0.1 percent of the people own about the same as the bottom 90 percent. She relied on a letter from two economists who spoke broadly of the top 0.1 percent holding 20 percent of the wealth, while the bottom 90 percent own about 25 percent. On that basis, the two numbers are about the same. But another study found that the top 0.1 percent owned about 15 percent of all household wealth, while the bottom 90 percent owned 29 percent. That still represents a a lot of wealth in the hands of a tiny fraction of families, but it’s harder to say the amounts held by the two groups are about the same. We rate this statement .
Statement: The United States is "very energy independent.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 12, 2019
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said the United States is "very energy independent." It’s somewhat premature to label the United States energy independent given that Americans consumed more energy than the country produced for most of the last year that we have data. But the gap between U.S. energy production and consumption has been narrowing for some time, particularly during Trump’s presidency, and data shows several recent months where production outpaced American energy use.  We rate this .
Statement: CDC officials admit more hospitalizations of young people from vaccine than from the actual COVID virus.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 28, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed, "CDC officials admit more hospitalizations of young people from vaccine than from the actual COVID virus." A CDC spokesperson said the agency has not stated or implied what the Instagram post claims. The post relies on blog posts that misstate CDC statistics.  We rate the post . RELATED: There’s no proof that COVID-19 vaccine has injured or killed more than 900 children RELATED: Federal VAERS database is a critical tool for researchers, but a breeding ground for misinformation
Statement: Nancy Pelosi vows Democrats will raise taxes if they take back the House.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: April 5, 2018
Topics: taxes;punditfact
Context: posts on the Internet
Fact-check justification: A widely circulated headline in social media said, "Nancy Pelosi vows Democrats will raise taxes if they take back the House." While any change to the tax law passed last December risks raising taxes on someone, the headline does not reflect that it could also lower taxes on others. In reality, Pelosi has not specified what changes she would like to see in a replacement bill, so saying that she has vowed to raise taxes is an exaggeration. Meanwhile, if Schumer’s proposal ends up being the model that Pelosi pursues, that approach could easily keep or expand tax cuts for lower- and middle-income taxpayers while raising them on wealthier Americans. We rate the statement .
Statement: Five JetBlue pilots died from the COVID-19 vaccine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 17, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: British Airways said the deaths weren’t connected to the vaccine. We rated that  .   This one merits the same. The suggestion that the deaths of these JetBlue employees was caused by a COVID-19 vaccine is unfounded and in some cases contradicted by the available . We rate it .
Statement: Leonardo DiCaprio explains why he's moving to Casselberry, Florida.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: June 27, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Although there is no banner on this or any of the other posts announcing they are , a disclaimer on the website announces that kbr31.com is a satirical and fantasy website. "None of the articles on kbr31.com should be considered  and are simply works of satire or fantasy meant for entertainment purposes," the disclaimer said. "The satirical and fantasy articles on kbr31.com poke fun at our celebrity obsessed cultures and the politically correct world we’re forced to live in." The listed email address provided no response to our request for comment on the  story. We rate this statement !
Statement: Several elected state officials have opened their homes to children in need of loving families.
Speaker: dan patrick
About the speaker: As a Houston state senator, Dan Patrick won election as lieutenant governor of Texas in November 2014 after earlier defeating incumbent David Dewhurst for his party's nomination. Patrick also has hosted a daily talk show on AM700 in Houston.
Date: October 17, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: children
Context: a press release titled “Lt. Governor Unveils Faith-Based Initiative on Foster Care Children,”
Fact-check justification: Patrick, calling for help finding families able to provide foster care, said: "Several elected state officials have opened their homes to children in need of loving families." Five Republican elected officials singled out by Patrick’s office have all adopted at least one child. Two also provided foster care, leaving plenty of opportunities for other elected leaders to consider such a commitment. We rate this statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/23c3081f-e1d1-4985-befd-974c63da2b12
Statement: In the 2014 elections, "the American people overwhelmingly said we don't want Obamacare … and we don't want amnesty.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: November 19, 2014
Location: national
Topics: immigration;health care;polls and public opinion
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Cruz said that in the 2014 elections, "the American people overwhelmingly said we don't want Obamacare … and we don't want amnesty." Exit poll data shows that, at most, Americans were slightly -- not "overwhelmingly" -- against Obamacare, and even that edge is in doubt because the lead for the anti-Obamacare side is within the margin of error. Meanwhile, exit poll data also shows that voters, by a 3-to-2 margin, actually favored offering the possibility of legal status to illegal immigrants. We rate Cruz’s  .
Statement: After (the assault weapon ban) passed in 1994, there was a big drop in mass shooting deaths. When the ban expired, they rose again.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: August 5, 2019
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Clinton urged lawmakers to reinstate a ban on assault weapons and high capacity magazines. "After they passed in 1994, there was a big drop in mass shooting deaths. When the ban expired, they rose again," he said. Clinton spoke too strongly about the drop. In simple numbers, mass shooting deaths fell during the ban years —15 deaths over the course of the decade. But statistically, that number is too small to allow strong conclusions. Even the author of the report Clinton relied on said the death rate might have declined —or levelled off. The rise after the ban expired is supported by the , although definitions of mass shootings will vary. The role of the ban remains unclear, but Clinton’s statement did not specifically say that the ban was the key factor. Clinton exaggerated the decline but was right about the rise. We rate this  .
Statement: The FDA finally came out and said that Pfizer's COVID shot causes blood clots.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 17, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that the FDA said that the Pfizer vaccine causes blood clots. The FDA did not say that. A study by FDA researchers of Medicare and Medicaid data showed that in four categories, including pulmonary embolism, there was a "modestly elevated risk" after the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine in people ages 65 and over. But the researchers said the early warning system does not prove causation from a vaccine to an outcome, and that more robust studies are underway to evaluate the findings.  We rate the  .
Statement: In campaigns in the past with Sen. McCain and President George W. Bush and others, they have tended to release tax records in April.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 16, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;transparency;taxes
Context: Myrtle Beach, S.C
Fact-check justification: Romney's right that there's a strong April trend for releasing tax records, especially among politicians who practice annual disclosure. But that's not Romney's history — he's steadfastly refused to open his personal tax records for public consumption. That weakens his appeal to tradition. He could just as easily follow in the footsteps of Obama, Bill Clinton, Dukakis, Dole and his own father and release a batch of earlier federal tax returns now. Meanwhile, he implies that only party nominees release their tax records — when recent history shows primary candidates opening their files to inspection. His statement that candidates "have tended to release tax records in April" is partially accurate, but leaves out important details. We rate his  .
Statement: Joe Suffers Brain Fart! Biden Visits Elementary School, Asks The Children If They're High Schoolers (VIDEO).
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 3, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a headline on Facebook
Fact-check justification: President Biden: "You guys are impressive." @POTUS and @FLOTUS visit an elementary school in Virginia pic.twitter.com/Ohs38tcBW6 The headline is . Biden was joking, and even the young children in the audience appeared to understand that.   We rate this .
Statement: Martha's Vineyard "deported 50 illegals after only 24 hours.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: September 16, 2022
Topics: immigration;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that Martha’s Vineyard "deported 50 illegals after only 24 hours." Deportations occur when people are removed from the United States and sent back to their country of origin or, in some cases, to a third country. The approximately 50 migrants who were flown to Martha’s Vineyard were not removed from the United States.  We rate this  . RELATED: What we know about DeSantis flying migrants to Martha's Vineyard RELATED: In Context: What a Martha’s Vineyard homeless shelter coordinator said about migrant housing