chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says middle-class New York State residents will have the "lowest tax rate in 70 years.
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: June 22, 2016
Location: new york
Topics: taxes
Context: a press conference and several other recent public appearances
Fact-check justification: Governor Andrew M. Cuomo claimed new tax rates passed by lawmakers during this year’s state budget process are the lowest in the state in 70 years. Data from the Department of Taxation and Finance backs up his . Because of an unusual set of circumstances, there was no income tax rate in 1958 as the state implemented a new system. The first year rates will appear lower than the 1948 rates will be in 2019. We rate this  as .
Statement: Says Scott Brown voted with President Barack Obama 70 percent of the time in 2011.
Speaker: jim rubens
About the speaker: Jim Rubens is a two-term Republican State Senator who served as the chair of the Public Affairs and Education committees. He was Board President of Headrest, a substance abuse program and suicide prevention hotline serving northern New England. He is a private venture investor, focusing on New England start-ups in proprietary technology and healthcare solutions. He has lived with his family in Hanover, New Hampshire since 1980.
Date: June 20, 2014
Location: new hampshire
Topics: bipartisanship;voting record
Context: a television forum
Fact-check justification: Rubens said that when Brown was serving in the U.S. Senate in 2011, Brown voted with President Obama 70 percent of the time. In 2011, Brown took the same position as the president 69.6 percent of the time when Obama outlined a clear position, based on analysis by Congressional Quarterly . Rounding off, Rubens was right on the money. But it’s important to note the president doesn’t take a clear position on all legislation and outlined his position on only 38 percent of the roll call votes taken in 2011. Overall, the number is accurate, but needs additional clarification. We rate this  .
Statement: As the world rallies around Ukraine, Mike Lee was one of only two senators to oppose sanctions on Putin. Then he flew to the Kremlin and discussed dropping sanctions. Lee even opposed arming Ukrainians fighting for their lives.
Speaker: evan mcmullin
About the speaker: Evan McMullin, a former CIA operative, is a former Republican who ran as an independent for president in 2016. He is an independent candidate for U.S. Senate in Utah in 2022.
Date: March 6, 2022
Topics: foreign policy;ad watch;ukraine;russia
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: McMullin said: "As the world rallies around Ukraine, Mike Lee was one of only two senators to oppose sanctions on Putin. Then he flew to the Kremlin and discussed dropping sanctions. Lee even opposed arming Ukrainians fighting for their lives." The context is Russia’s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, but Lee’s actions cited in the ad occurred years earlier, and the ad mischaracterizes some of those actions. Lee did vote in 2017 against sanctioning Russia. In 2019, he had talks with a Russian official in Moscow, but Lee suggested the discussion of dropping sanctions was fairly minimal. Seven votes cast by Lee dating back to 2014 were on spending bills with numerous provisions and are not  that Lee opposed specific provisions in the bills to provide aid to Ukraine. McMullin’s statement contains only an element of . We rate it . RELATED: Fact-checking whether Biden’s Russia sanctions over Ukraine didn’t start for 30 days, had loopholes
Statement: The president gave the (auto) companies to the UAW.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: February 22, 2012
Location: national
Topics: unions
Context: Arizona
Fact-check justification: Romney, in the debate, said "the president gave the (auto) companies to the UAW." The reality is Obama was in charge of a bailout deal that resulted in the union’s health care trust owning stock in Chrysler and GM. But the trust was owed money to pay for health care under the terms of labor contracts the car companies signed. And the union "gave" plenty too -- in the form of wages, vacation and job security. In that light, the arrangement was a tradeoff, not a giveaway. What tips Romney’s  even further from reality is the fact that the union itself does not own any GM or Chrysler stock. The trust that manages health benefits for retirees is the stockholder, and it is independent from the UAW. It is not a majority shareholder in either company, nor does it have a vote on the board. All the experts we talked to agreed that Romney’s statement is just flat . Our ruling: .
Statement: A public option for health care would end private insurance "because the private insurance people will not be able to compete with a government option.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: May 17, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on Fox News Sunday
Fact-check justification: They concluded that a public plan is not sufficient to control growing health care costs, and that other cost-containment strategies would be necessary. Finally, we should point out that it remains to be seen how the Democratic plan will deal with the public option, which could be structured in several different ways. McConnell flatly states that the public option would run private plans out business because they "will not be able to compete with a government option." Even though we have limited details on how the plan would be implemented, there is enough in the administration proposal  to conclude that McConnell's worst-case scenario is unlikely. That brings us to .
Statement: The Congressional Budget Office estimates that for every $1 we spend on unemployment benefits, $1.90 is put into our economy.
Speaker: james langevin
About the speaker: James Langevin has represented Rhode Island's 2nd Congressional District since 2001. He was elected to the state's Constitutional Convention in 1986. Two years later, he won a seat as a State Representative and went on to become, at age 30, Rhode Island's youngest Secretary of State in 1995.
Date: July 12, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;federal budget;stimulus;taxes
Context: an online forum on ProJo.com
Fact-check justification: She also cited other studies where economists have offered very specific numbers that are closer to the $1.90 CBO estimate. For example, Mark Zandi, chief economist for Moody's Analytics and a former adviser to John McCain during his 2008 presidential run, puts the benefit at $1.61. We're always wary of numbers that sound very precise when a lot of estimates and assumptions go into generating them. Langevin should be too, which is why, for the sake of full disclosure, we wish he had given voters a better sense that $1.90 was just the highest estimated benefit for every $1 that is being spent on their behalf. So the -O-Meter gives him a .
Statement: Photo shows Queen Elizabeth II checking the oil of a car.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 13, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post shared a photo claiming to show Queen Elizabeth II checking a car engine’s oil.  Although the queen has experience as a mechanic from her service in World War II, the woman in the photo is an impersonator. The photo was staged by a British artist as part of an art series featuring celebrity impersonators. We rate this  .
Statement: Says the House impeachment vote was the third by Democrats — "They tried to impeach Trump for criticizing the NFL and for some other things.
Speaker: mike gallagher
About the speaker: Republican Mike Gallagher of Green Bay was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in November 2016. He is the senior global market strategist at Breakthrough Fuel, a Green Bay supply chain fuel management company. Gallagher previously served as a human intelligence and counterintelligence officer in the U.S. Marine Corps. He was a foreign policy aide to GOP Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker's 2016 presidential campaign.  
Date: December 20, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: impeachment;sports
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: The three roll call votes he referred to weren’t impeachment votes — they were procedural votes to set aside debate on impeachment measures. Experts told us that the "no" votes cannot be interpreted as a vote on the merits of impeachment.   As for the NFL, the reference to a Trump NFL-related statement was offered as  for the allegation that Trump was attempting to divide the country based on race and gender. Even that was just one of 11 different points cited in the resolution. We rate Gallagher’s  .
Statement: You know, the approval rating of Congress is down to 13 percent.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: June 18, 2008
Location: national
Topics: ethics
Context: an interview with Springfield, Mo., News-Leader
Fact-check justification: The NBC News/Wall Street Journal approval rating of 13 percent was a record low for the poll, besting a 15 percent rating in April 1992. Though the NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll is slightly out of step with others recently conducted, it's highly reputable and there's no way to prove the figure , Keeter said. And anyway, he said, whether it's 13 percent or 23 percent, it's not good news for Congress. McCain may have chosen the poll figure that most dramatically made his point, but the numbers are as good as any and the overall picture he presented — that of a public overwhelmingly displeased with Congress — is right on. We rule his statement .
Statement: Iran's regime "every Friday declares war on us.
Speaker: sebastian gorka
About the speaker: Sebastian Gorka is a former deputy assistant to President Donald Trump.
Date: November 13, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: iran
Context: a speech at UNC-Chapel Hill
Fact-check justification: Gorka said the Iranian regime "declares war" on America "every Friday." The government-sanctioned prayers on Fridays sometimes include chants of "death to America." Experts say those chants are rhetoric and not serious declarations of war. Iran has never formally declared war on the US even once, let alone on a weekly basis. We rate Gorka’s  .
Statement: Ohio is "probably top five in the country, sadly, in terms of heroin overdoses. It's now exceeded car accidents as the No. 1 cause of death in Ohio.
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: May 17, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: drugs;health care
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Portman said Ohio is "probably top five in the country, sadly, in terms of heroin overdoses. It’s now exceeded car accidents as the No. 1 cause of death in Ohio." He has a point about Ohio having the fifth-most drug overdose deaths in the nation for 2014. But he forgot two key words that make an important distinction about the types of deaths he is counting: "injury related." CDC data shows that when you count long-term health problems such as cancer and heart disease, drug poisoning is eighth on the list of things killing Ohioans. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/26d5d9db-60af-4803-8aa0-97e95b4e64ba
Statement: The World Economic Forum has its own police force.
Speaker: charlie kirk
About the speaker: Charlie Kirk is the founder and president of Turning Point USA, a conservative group that advocates for limited government and free markets.
Date: May 23, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The World Economic Forum is a common target of conspiracy theorists.  One of its previous summit themes, called "The Great Reset," in recent years prompted hundreds of thousands of posts on social media claiming that "the global elite were planning to use the coronavirus to bring about total economic collapse," CNBC reported . The World Economic Forum does not have its own police force, and we rate those claims .   RELATED:    No, Jack Posobiec was not arrested or detained in Davos
Statement: Jeff Greene only moved from California to Florida in the last two years. In fact, he would not legally be allowed to run for any other statewide office because he has not lived here long enough to meet the residency requirement.
Speaker: kendrick meek
About the speaker: Kendrick Meek is a former U.S. Representative for Congressional District 17 in Miami, serving from 2003 to 2011. He campaigned for the U.S. Senate and was defeated on Nov. 2, 2010.
Date: May 21, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a campaign website
Fact-check justification: The Florida Division of Elections website is clear: With only about two years' residency, Greene falls short of qualifying to run for governor or state Cabinet positions. And, since Supreme Court justices are appointed by the governor, he couldn't run for that either. But the office of U.S. Senate requires only that the candidate be a resident of the state when elected, which is how Greene qualifies. Meek's  was that Greene "moved from California to Florida in the last two years" and that "he would not legally be allowed to run for any other statewide office because he has not lived here long enough to meet the residency requirement." We find this  .
Statement: Children born today will carry a $30,000 share of the national debt.
Speaker: citizens for the republic
About the speaker: Citizens for the Republic is a conservative advocacy group headed by several veterans of the Reagan Administration.
Date: September 21, 2010
Location: national
Topics: bankruptcy;economy;federal budget;history;marriage;message machine 2010
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: One is debt held by the public (which the makers of "Mourning in America" used, and the other is that amount plus debt held by the government, typically in trust funds for major government programs, including Social Security and Medicare. When we asked economists for their opinion of which measurement is more relevant, each of the two statistics had its fans, so we concluded that both are legitimate measurements. For completeness, we'll note here that using the larger figure, called gross federal debt, the per-person debt load would be just shy of $45,000, which would only make the ad's argument stronger. Put it all together and you have four statistics that are all very, very close to being accurate. So we rate the facts in the ad .
Statement: The Medicaid expansion is "going to cost Florida $1.9 billion a year.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: July 2, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: health care;medicaid;state budget
Context: comments on CNBC
Fact-check justification: In triumphantly declaring that Florida will reject a provision of the federal health care law that expands Medicaid coverage, Gov. Rick Scott told national television audiences that the expansion would cost Florida $1.9 billion a year. The most recent estimate from the state health care agency says a series of changes to Medicaid could wind up costing about $1.4 billion a year, but that number includes things beyond the expansion to Medicaid that Scott was talking about. For instance, about $400 million is tied to increased reimbursement payments to Medicaid providers. But the state isn't required to pay that out. And another estimated $516 million will pay for people who are eligible for Medicaid under its current provisions but have not enrolled. They would remain eligible whether or not the program is expanded in Florida. That leaves about $500 million in estimated new costs for Medicaid patients under the federal government expansion. And that cost would not fully kick in until 2020. So yes, the Medicaid expansion will cost the state. But Scott’s $1.9 billion  appears to be wildly high. We rate this  .
Statement: Barack Obama "wants the government to take over health care, spend hundreds of billions of dollars of new money for health insurance for everyone.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 5, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Manchester, N.H
Fact-check justification: How many people would remain uninsured has become a hot issue in the Democratic primary. (See our coverage of this issue here . ) At best, Romney is  on two out of three points in his attack on the Obama health plan. It's not a government takeover and the purported cost is less than what Romney stated. For these reasons, we rate Romney's statement .
Statement: 1,900 food production companies have been destroyed" as part of conspiracy.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: April 19, 2023
Topics: food;food safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that 1,900 food production companies were destroyed in the past year and suggested it was part of a conspiracy. We were not able to substantiate the 1,900 figure — we found no one who tracks such fires, and the speaker in the video didn’t share . Although there are many news reports of fires or other accidents at food processing plants and fires at farms, there’s no  they are coordinated or intentional. We rate the  . PolitiFact Researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: The pass rate for a high school level test to join the military" is 35 to 40 percent.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: December 1, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: education;military
Context: a Wall Street Journal CEO Council event
Fact-check justification: Bush said that "the pass rate for a high school level test to join the military is 35 to 40 percent." A Bush spokeswoman said he meant to say that one-third failed the test, a rate that is roughly in line with one credible measure of applicants to the Army (though the available data is scattered and incomplete). Still, what Bush said was , so we rate it .
Statement: Dr. Ugur Sahin, CEO of BioNTech and inventor of the BIO N TECH Pfizer jab, refuses to take the jab for safety reasons.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 5, 2021
Topics: health care
Context: Twitter posts
Fact-check justification: The post included an edited version of an interview with Sahin from DW News in which he explained why he had not been vaccinated.   Sahin was vaccinated against COVID-19 in January. The video interview is from December 2020, before Germany began vaccinating people, and the video does not support the  that Sahin refused the vaccine for safety reasons. Sahin said in a subsequent interview that he was initially concerned about receiving the vaccine before it was his turn under Germany’s priority list for vaccination.   We rate this  .
Statement: Man visited Albany, N.Y. days before dying from coronavirus.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 4, 2020
Location: new york
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: The news organization has not posted this story on its Facebook feed, and no ABC News stories make the same claims as the post. When comparing this post to actual ABC News Facebook posts, there are a number of differences. The most obvious difference is that the "ABC News" title at the top of a Facebook post typically appears in blue, given that it links to the organization’s main Facebook feed. The post does not match ABC News’ usual font and there are also no other recent Facebook posts from ABC News with an estimated reading time for their articles. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: A new manufacturing plant is slated to create about 3,000 jobs in central and northeast Georgia and "create about a $3 billion infusion" into the economy.
Speaker: paul broun
About the speaker: U.S. House Rep. Paul Broun, a Republican, is from Athens. He represents Georgia's 10th congressional district.
Date: May 23, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: jobs
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Most importantly, the methodology behind them is not transparent. Broun’s overarching point is this: The new Caterpillar plant will bring a lot of jobs and inject a lot of money into Georgia’s economy. But he strays on some of the finer points, and PolitiFact could not verify the methodology used to come up with some of the numbers. His estimates need a lot of context and clarification, even though his larger point has merit. We therefore rule Broun’s statement .