chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Recent immigration raids "are not business as usual. The raids are being done indiscriminately. They're not focused simply on criminal aliens.
Speaker: robert menendez
About the speaker: Robert Menendez, a Democrat, has been serving as one of New Jersey's U.S. Senators since January 2006. Menendez previously served as a member of the House of Representatives.
Date: February 13, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Menendez said that recent immigration raids "are not business as usual. The raids are being done indiscriminately. They’re not focused simply on criminal aliens." Deportations are being conducted on a broader basis than before. But his statement gives the impression that there are widespread deportations of law-abiding people. For the most part, deportations are still focused on people who committed other crimes. Menendez’s statement is partially accurate, but leaves out important details. Overall, we rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/2bebb6ca-9052-404a-a8b1-fd006c70c1cb
Statement: An image shows a "UFO photographed on June 21, 2014 by the pilot from the cockpit of an F-16 military plane flying near Lackland Air Force Base of the United States located in San Antonio, Texas.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 28, 2022
Topics: space;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The earliest version of the image PolitiFact found featuring the supposed UFO was from 2016 . Multiple commenters under the Facebook posts sharing the image depicting the pilot alongside a UFO claimed the UFO resembled the fictional UFOs from the 1970s British TV show "UFO."    PolitiFact reached out to the show’s producer, Gerry Anderson, but we did not hear back. The Lackland Air Force Base also did not immediately respond to a request for comment. We rate these Facebook posts .
Statement: 53% of Americans made aware of the Hunter Biden laptop story would have changed their vote in 2020.
Speaker: elise stefanik
About the speaker: Elise Stefanik is a Republican member of Congress representing New York's 21st Congressional District. She was first elected in 2014.
Date: February 9, 2023
Location: new york
Topics: congress;polls and public opinion
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: Stefanik claimed that "53% of Americans made aware of the Hunter Biden laptop story would have changed their vote in 2020."  The poll found that of a group of people who had been following the story, 28% would have been "very likely" to change their vote had they known the laptop was not disinformation, and 25% were "somewhat likely," a less-sure response than Stefanik’s  implies.  However, the pool of respondents who answered this question leans Republican more strongly than the general population, so most of these voters would not have been voting for Biden in the first place. This makes the polling result illogical: Understood literally, if many members of this group were to change their vote because of the laptop story, they might well have changed their vote from Trump to Biden. So her statement is not accurate. We rate this .
Statement: Thanks to the Act 10 collective bargaining law that took effect four years ago, ACT scores in Wisconsin "are now second-best in the country for states where more than half the kids take the exam.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: June 2, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;labor;government regulation;unions
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: There is an element of  in Walker’s statement, in that Wisconsin's rank moved from third to second in 2012, the year after the Act 10 collective bargaining reforms were adopted. But the rank didn’t improve because of an improvement in Wisconsin’s score. And there is no  that Act 10 affected the ranking. For a statement that has an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, we rate the  .    More on Scott Walker For profiles and stories on Scott Walker and 2016 presidential politics, go to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel's Scott Walker page .
Statement: Says Congress set aside $50 billion for the Secure Fence Act in 2006
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 11, 2019
Topics: immigration;fake news;federal budget;facebook fact-checks
Context: tweets and Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: Social media posts asked, "Where is the $50 billion approved in ‘06 for the Secure Fence Act that Obama was supposed to build?" These posts falsely suggest that Congress approved $50 billion as part of the Secure Fence Act. Actually the Homeland Security appropriations bill  included $1.2 billion for the fence, described as a down payment at the time. The  that $50 billion was approved seems to come from estimates for the total wall that circulated among researchers and journalists. These social media posts try to suggest that Congress did something nefarious by approving the money and not spending it, but there is no  that Congress ever approved $50 billion for a wall. We rate this statement .
Statement: Oklahoma teachers "are the poorest paid teachers in the US, in a state that gives nearly $500 million in tax handouts to energy companies.
Speaker: good jobs first
About the speaker: Good Jobs First is a research and policy group that argues against corporate tax breaks.
Date: March 6, 2018
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;education;jobs;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Good Jobs First tweeted that Oklahoma's teachers are the poorest paid in the country. By one measure from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, that’s accurate. But that includes private school teachers, and the current issue of teacher pay in Oklahoma is all about contracts for those in public schools. A survey from the National Education Association that looks only at public school staff found that Oklahoma ranks third from the bottom in average teacher pay. That’s very low, but it’s not the lowest. The tweet also said the state provides nearly $500 million in tax breaks for energy companies. State data backs that up. The teacher pay data is the only wrinkle in this fact-check. We rate this  . Update:   After we published, we explored the issue of cost of living in greater depth in a separte article. The current version links to that article.
Statement: The Capitol rotunda was actually made to invite the people in and to accommodate protests.
Speaker: chris taylor
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Rep. Chris Taylor, a Madison Democrat, was elected to the Assembly in a special election in August 2011. An attorney, she is the former public policy director of Planned Parenthood of Wisconsin.
Date: March 11, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: legal issues
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Later in his ruling, the judge noted: "The Capitol rotunda is closer to an out-of-doors, traditional public forum in that it is a capacious gathering space with a unique history as a place for government and public discourse, which admits for (indeed, was designed for) a certain level of disturbance that would not be proper in a typical state office building or even a typical state capitol." Conley’s ruling also noted that the rotunda is the location of the state’s holiday tree, and the setting for numerous events and ceremonies. Our rating In the video, Taylor said the building was designed for such public gatherings. While it is a place of business, the building’s nomination for National Historic Landmark makes clear that it was designed to be open to the public for various gatherings. We rate Taylor’s statement .
Statement: Illinois lost population in 94 out of the last 95 years, so it's not like it's a new thing that we have a slight out-trickle of people leaving the state.
Speaker: jb pritzker
About the speaker: J.B. Pritzker is Illinois' 43rd governor and a former Chicago venture capitalist and entrepreneur.
Date: October 31, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: population
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Pritzker said "Illinois lost population in 94 out of the last 95 years, so it’s not like it’s a new thing that we have a slight out-trickle of people leaving the state." The state saw declines in its overall population in just 15 of the last 95 years for which the federal government has released estimates, which contradicts part of the governor’s  on its face. His office said he was only referencing domestic migration — the number of people moving to and from Illinois within the United States — and estimates compiled by migration experts suggest he’s on more solid ground there. But domestic migration is just one metric of population change, something Pritzker’s muddled remark about the state’s decline obscures. We rate his  .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Today, we have two Vietnams, side by side, North and South, exchanging and working.
Speaker: sheila jackson lee
About the speaker: Sheila Jackson Lee has represented Houston in the U.S. House of Representatives since she was first elected in 1994.
Date: July 15, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: afghanistan;history
Context: a special order speech on the U.S. House floor
Fact-check justification: The United States' military presence in South Vietnam grew during the 1960s in an attempt to bolster that government, but armed forces withdrew in following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. Two years later, North Vietnam conquered the south, reuniting the two countries under Communist rule. Today, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is home to Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Jackson Lee was four decades too late in her reference to two Vietnams. There's just one now, and just one way to rate her statement: .
Statement: You ... said that Barack Obama was not ready to be commander in chief.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: October 2, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: St. Louis, Mo
Fact-check justification: Biden said he stood by it. It’s worth noting that in May 2008, Biden changed his tune. “He’s learned a hell of a lot,” Biden said. Still, he said what he said. Based on those first comments, Palin’s assessment is .
Statement: $1.8 billion Of Soros' money just intercepted – he could officially go to prison for years
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 25, 2018
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;fake news
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Right Wing News repurposed existing news articles about district attorney elections in California to make it appear that George Soros had donated 100 times more money than he had. The website then headlined this article with two baseless claims: that Soros’s donations had been intercepted, and that he was likely to go to prison. Soros is not in legal trouble for his donations to district attorney campaigns, has only donated $2.7 million in California, and none of his money was intercepted by a third party. Due to a completely fabricated headline and  numbers, we rate this  ! UPDATE (July 16, 2018) : After we published our fact-check, Right Wing News contacted us to say that the story was an opinion piece and that the headline included an error. Right Wing News adjusted the headline to say, "OPINION: $1.8 Million Of Soros’ Money Just Intercepted – He Should Officially Go To Prison For Years."
Statement: Michelle Obama Just Received Life-Shattering News from the Doctor
Speaker: ny fox news
About the speaker: A blog.
Date: March 4, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog
Fact-check justification: The website includes no contact information, has no "About us" page that we could find, and does list any authors. It does not appear to display advertising. The website is registered in Panama. This  about Michelle Obama’s diagnosis is a hoax.    We rate it .
Statement: Joe Biden wants to eliminate a regulation that requires school districts to report allegations of teacher on student rape, alleged rape, and sexual assault.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 30, 2022
Topics: education;crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: The post gives the impression that the proposed change would have resulted in allegations going unreported to law enforcement and not being investigated. That’s not the case. The proposal covers only data collection by the federal government. Under a new proposal submitted Dec. 13, the data will continue to be collected. We rate this  .
Statement: Deregulation of the state's telecommunications industry will create 50,000 jobs in Wisconsin.
Speaker: rich zipperer
About the speaker: Rich Zipperer, a Republican, is a member of the Wisconsin state Senate, representing a district covering Milwaukee's western suburbs. He was elected to the post in 2010, after two terms in the state Assembly.
Date: April 26, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs
Context: interviews and testimony about the bill
Fact-check justification: It was generated based on the experience in another state more than five years ago. The methodology there has been recycled in a series of different reports, papers and press releases seeking to build urgency over telecom deregulation. What’s more, the study that’s been tied to the telecom industry, which is seeking the deregulation. Even Zipperer and other backers admit they do not know how many jobs the new law will create, or how much money will actually be invested by telecom companies. We rate the statement .
Statement: Every pro-life Governor up for election in November won – by a large margin.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: January 1, 2023
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;elections;health care;states
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Walker said, "Every pro-life governor up for election in November won — by a large margin."  Although a "large" margin is difficult to objectively quantify, Walker’s point is largely accurate.  It leaves out context about why they might have performed so well, such as incumbency and the state’s political makeup – something that benefited governors who support abortion rights, too.  A rating of  means the statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information.  That fits here.
Statement: Cargo ships "can't get into port" because of Donald Trump's executive order 13959.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 21, 2021
Location: california
Topics: china;trade;transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that cargo ships "can’t get into port" because of Donald Trump’s executive order 13959. That 2020 order restricted certain investments in Chinese companies. It did not prohibit goods from being brought from other countries to the U.S. The backlog is caused by numerous factors, including surges in consumer demand amid labor shortages. We rate the post .
Statement: Says YouTube removed Tucker Carlson's interview with Tony Bobulinski.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 26, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (We dove into that story here .)   But we didn’t find any instances of Carlson speaking out because YouTube removed his own coverage.   We rate this Facebook post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: The proposal by President Joe Biden would put the U.S. "No. 2 in the world" for the highest corporate tax rate.
Speaker: roy blunt
About the speaker: Roy Blunt is the junior U.S. senator from Missouri. He was formerly a U.S. representative from Missouri’s 7th district, and served for six years as the Republican whip in that chamber.
Date: April 4, 2021
Location: missouri
Topics: corporations;taxes
Context: remarks on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Blunt said Biden’s proposal would put the U.S. "No. 2 in the world" for the highest corporate tax rate. Strictly speaking, Blunt is : If Biden’s proposal is enacted as is, at least 19 countries would still have a higher corporate tax rate, when national and sub-national tax rates are combined. However, with the exception of Brazil, these are  small economies. If you instead compare the United States to other advanced industrialized nations, Blunt has a point: The combined national and sub-national tax rate under Biden’s proposal would be higher than any other OECD country, and the 28% national tax rate alone would rank in the top one-fifth of OECD countries. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Scott Walker rejected legislation to make college loan payments tax deductible and the result was "to raise taxes on students.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: August 11, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: debt;education;federal budget;taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our rating Clinton said Walker rejected legislation to make college loan payments tax deductible and the result was "to raise taxes on students." The Republican governor hasn’t stated support for Democratic-sponsored measures that would have provided the tax deduction, but he has never rejected such legislation, either. Since Walker has been in office, the measures have never been approved by the GOP-controlled Legislature and therefore have never been sent to the governor’s desk.    Moreover, failing to pass legislation that would have provided a tax deduction doesn’t mean that taxes on student loan borrowers were increased. We rate Clinton’s statement .
Statement: The wealth gap between blacks and whites in the United States is "greater than the black-white wealth gap was in apartheid South Africa.
Speaker: nicholas kristof
About the speaker: Nicholas Kristof is a columnist for the New York Times who frequently writes about international development issues.
Date: December 4, 2014
Topics: income;wealth;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "The Daily Show"
Fact-check justification: Kristof said that for median families, the wealth gap in America now between blacks and whites is "greater than the black-white wealth gap was in apartheid South Africa." That statement is based on a blog post that in turn relies on a South African economist. Something must have become garbled because that economist told PunditFact he has written about disparities in income, not wealth. The two measures are very different. Another South African economist said she knows of no household wealth data for her country before 1994, which would be several years after apartheid ended. We do not doubt that the wealth gap between blacks and whites was large under apartheid but Kristof relied on a source that mischaracterized the data and spoke with a precision that could not exist. As such, no comparison to the wealth gap in America is possible. Without any supporting , this  rates .
Statement: President Trump last month proposed a $6 billion cut in funding to the National Institutes of Health. And thank God our congressmen made a deal last night to not go along with that. They actually increased funding by $2 billion.
Speaker: jimmy kimmel
About the speaker: Jimmy Kimmel is the host of ABC's late-night show, Jimmy Kimmel Live!
Date: May 1, 2017
Topics: federal budget;health care;science;punditfact
Context: a monologue on his show
Fact-check justification: Kimmel said, "President Trump last month proposed a $6 billion cut in funding to the National Institutes of Health. And thank God our congressmen made a deal last night to not go along with that. They actually increased funding by $2 billion." Technically, the two funding changes Kimmel referenced are for different fiscal years, so Congress didn’t precisely exchange the increase for Trump’s proposed cut. But Kimmel’s broader point is solid: The move by Congress to increase, rather than decrease, NIH’s funding for the rest of the 2017 fiscal year is a signal that lawmakers are in no mood to cut NIH’s budget by $5.8 billion once the 2018 spending bills are taken up. We rate the statement .
Statement: (Environmentalists) said 'We're only going to stop coal mining above 2,000 feet.' ... Well guess where all the coal in the state of Tennessee is? Above 2,000 feet.
Speaker: ron ramsey
About the speaker: Ron Ramsey, R-Blountville, is speaker of the Tennessee Senate. He ran unsuccessfully for governor in 2010, losing in the Republican primary to then mayor of Knoxville Bill Haslam.
Date: June 2, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: environment;energy
Context: rally for coal miners
Fact-check justification: While no breakdown of mine locations by elevation was available from TDEC, Laine says that all of the surface operations are above 2,000 feet. We invited Ramsey and his staff to defend or elaborate on his statement after explaining that it appears to be mistaken. There was no response. It appears the lieutenant governor has erroneously extrapolated from the coal industry's assertion that there is no marketable coal below the 2,000-foot  elevation to declare there is no coal, marketable or otherwise, below that level in our state. We rate the statement .