chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: After prohibition ended, police deaths didn't reach 200 a year again until the year Nixon declared war on drugs.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 20, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: criminal justice;history;crime;government regulation;public safety;marijuana
Context: posts on social media
Fact-check justification: A viral image making the rounds on 4/20 compared the number of police officer deaths during Prohibition to the drug war: "After prohibition ended, police deaths didn't reach 200 a year again until the year Nixon declared war on drugs," the image said. Those numbers aren’t totally accurate, and the comparison itself is . For one, it counts many officers' deaths that had nothing to do with the prohibition of drugs or alcohol, like an officer who dies of cancer or in a car crash on vacation. And despite the direct comparison between the deadly years of Prohibition and the war on drugs, police deaths have largely been on the decline for decades even as the drug war continues and the number of officers has grown significantly. Since the image uses a semi-accurate statistic to make a  comparison, we rate this  .
Statement: Earmarked dollars have doubled just since 2000, and more than tripled in the last 10 years.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: October 8, 2007
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: a campaign Web site
Fact-check justification: The only earmarks that Congress funded were those in the Defense appropriations bill and a few in the Homeland Security measure. This year, congressional Democrats have vowed to drastically cut earmarks, and though the process is far from complete, so far it appears that Congress is on track to spend as little as $21-billion on earmarks. Skeptics say it is likely to be more, but President Bush has said he wants to cut earmarks in half. If McCain had made his  in 2005, he'd be right. But since it's two years later and the climate for earmark spending has changed significantly, McCain's facts are out of date.
Statement: ISIS Lays Down Arms After Katy Perry's Impassioned Plea To 'Like, Just Co-Exist'
Speaker: babylon bee
About the speaker: The Babylon Bee describes itself as"your trusted source for Christian news satire."
Date: May 24, 2017
Topics: fake news;pop culture;terrorism;punditfact
Context: a web post
Fact-check justification: but, I don't always get it right. Would love to speak with you in the future. ❤️2/2 Either way, the story in the Babylon Bee reflects pretty obvious satire, not reality. For anyone who failed to catch the snark the first time around or saw the headline out of context, we rate it .
Statement: It was found unconstitutional to drug test elected officials because it prevents us, as citizens, from having that First Amendment right.
Speaker: jimmie t. smith
About the speaker: Jimmie T. Smith is a member of the Florida House of Representatives from Citrus County. He was first elected in 2010.
Date: February 24, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: drugs
Context: a House committee debate
Fact-check justification: Smith made the  that elected officials have a special First Amendment protection from being tested for drugs. No court has gone close to that far. In a Georgia case, the Supreme Court ruled that candidates for office -- not elected officials -- cannot be forced to take a drug test because it violates the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution -- that’s not the one dealing with freedom of speech. Opponents to Florida's drug-testing law say the Fourth Amendment protects elected officials, candidates and state workers from being require to be tested for drugs. While that issue will likely be settled in the court system, Smith's  can be decided by the -O-Meter. It's . PolitiFact Florida is partnering with 10 News for the 2012 election season. See the video version of this fact-check here .
Statement: There are billions of barrels of oil beneath our oceans and in Alaska, and there is ample oil shale in the Rocky Mountain West, but Democrats "say all this American energy is off limits.
Speaker: john barrasso
About the speaker: John Barrasso is a Republican senator from Wyoming.
Date: May 26, 2009
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: weekly Senate Republican radio address
Fact-check justification: Plenty of Democrats have supported finding more oil in our oceans. When it comes to drilling in Alaska, Barrasso is on firmer ground, since it is opposed by all but Landrieu. But on the last point — that Democrats don't support oil shale production — Democrats are cautious but not fully against it. So, all in all, Democrats may not be chanting "drill, baby, drill," but they aren't ruling out the possibility either. Barrasso gets a .
Statement: In 2012, you were discussing how you led the effort to defund breast cancer screenings at Planned Parenthood.
Speaker: jon ossoff
About the speaker: Jon Ossoff, a Democrat, is a U.S. Senator from Georgia. Ossoff is a former aide to Rep. Hank Johnson, D-Ga.
Date: June 6, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: abortion;women
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: But then Handel pivoted to her feelings about the role she played, saying, "I embrace the fact that I was involved in the project." Finally, she said: "I embrace the fact that I led the project." Ossoff said, "In 2012, you were discussing how you led the effort to defund breast cancer screenings at Planned Parenthood." Handel did say that she led efforts, but she also said at the time that the decision wasn’t entirely hers, and that Komen’s board ultimately approved the move, which was later reversed. We rate Ossoff’s statement .
Statement: The first randomized controlled trial of more than 6,000 individuals to assess the effectiveness of surgical face masks against SARS-CoV-2 infection found masks did not statistically significantly reduce the incidence of infection.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: December 3, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post on Instagram
Fact-check justification: Social media posts , "The first randomized controlled trial of more than 6,000 individuals to assess the effectiveness of surgical face masks against SARS-CoV-2 infection found masks did not statistically significantly reduce the incidence of infection."  The study concluded that wearing masks did not offer a very high level of personal protection to mask wearers in communities where wearing masks was not common practice. The study noted, however, that the data suggested masks provided some degree of self-protection. We rate this  .
Statement: BREAKING: Nancy Pelosi to resign after new revelations.
Speaker: nrt online
About the speaker: A website spreading false political news.
Date: April 18, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: on a website
Fact-check justification: NrtOnline cited the right-wing publication Breitbart for breaking this news, but we found no reports by Breitbart regarding this story, either. The story includes more fictional details about cash payments and promotions, but they aren’t worth repeating. We found no  by credible news outlets or other sources regarding the  behind this story. Pelosi’s office also confirmed that she is not resigning and that nothing in the story is accurate. We rate this .
Statement: At a top robotics company in Japan this week, four robots being developed for military applications killed 29 humans in the lab.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 10, 2023
Topics: technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video shared on Facebook
Fact-check justification: We’ve previously rated  a  that one of these Corridor videos showed "military robots ready for war." Corridor explained its process for creating the videos in another 2019 video titled, "How we faked a ‘Boston Dynamics’ robot." We rate the  that robots killed 29 people in Japan . RELATED: Parody video shows ‘military robots ready for war’
Statement: Says residents of Texas and San Antonio can be fired or denied jobs because they are gay.
Speaker: leticia van de putte
About the speaker: Leticia Van de Putte, a pharmacist, was the 2014 Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor. She previously served in the Texas House.
Date: June 14, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: city government;civil rights;jobs;lgbtq
Context: an opinion article
Fact-check justification: Van de Putte said that a Texan and San Antonian could be "denied or fired from a job just because he is gay." In Texas, it appears, many workers can be fired for nearly any reason. That said, state law also doesn’t bar discrimination based on sexual orientation. But several major cities do and Texans who work for state or federal government -- and even for San Antonio city government itself -- have some protections, too. We rate this statement, which does not account for these important details, as .
Statement: COVID-19 infections down 61% from Trump's last day. COVID-19 vaccinations up 85% from Trump's last day. Competence Matters.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 19, 2021
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: on social media
Fact-check justification: A viral image that features Biden giving a thumbs up says "COVID-19 infections down 61% from Trump’s last day. COVID-19 vaccinations up 85% from Trump’s last day. Competence Matters." These specific figures are basically accurate, and both the number of new infections and the pace of vaccinations have shown steady improvement during Biden’s tenure. However, it’s important to note that the decline in cases began more than a week before Biden took office, and the pace of new cases and vaccinations did not change direction dramatically once Biden took office. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate the statement .
Statement: The sequester "won't consider whether we're cutting some bloated program that has outlived its usefulness, or a vital service that Americans depend on every single day. It doesn't make those distinctions.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 19, 2013
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: Washington, D.C
Fact-check justification: In explaining the sequester, Obama oversimplified by glossing over the tools federal managers can use their own discretion to make cuts -- tools that his own Office of Management and Budget is encouraging managers to use. However, Obama is right that the sequester does require uniform cuts to thousands of programs, with nothing to focus steeper cuts on ineffective or less important programs. We rate the statement .
Statement: Say Sen. Lindsey Graham supports the Green New Deal.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 25, 2019
Location: national
Topics: climate change;elections;fake news
Context: an ad on Facebook
Fact-check justification: An ad from the group The Really Online Lefty League says that Graham supports the Green New Deal. It edited his words to change their meaning, and added to the effect with a doctored photograph. We rate this ad’s  .
Statement: Abortion is the second-most conducted surgical procedure in this country.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: July 1, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: abortion;health care
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Perry said abortions are the second-most common surgical procedure. This  has substantial weaknesses--starting with whether an abortion is surgery. Bluntly, too, abortions do not appear to be more pervasive than numerous other medical procedures. Assuming 1.21 million abortions annually occur in the United States, and keeping in mind that 17 percent of these are induced by pills, the latest federal estimates for other surgical procedures indicate there are more than 2 million more eye surgeries involving the removal or replacement of the lens in the eye and there also are more surgical procedures involving the intestines or involving the extraction of wisdom teeth. Also, a procedure common among women who are giving birth -- a cesarean section -- has occurred more frequently than abortion. This  not only lacks a factual basis, it’s . !
Statement: We moved 100 times as many people out of poverty as moved out when President (Ronald) Reagan was in office, with 40 percent more jobs.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: July 26, 2016
Location: national
Topics: jobs;poverty
Context: a video at the DNC
Fact-check justification: On the second night of the Democratic National Convention, Clinton said, "We moved 100 times as many people out of poverty as moved out when President Reagan was in office, with 40 percent more jobs." Part of Clinton’s statement (moved 100 times as many out of poverty compared to Reagan) is accurate when analyzed from years presidents took office to last full years in office, but can be  when interpreted from year they took office to the year they left. Also, there was a 40 percent increase in jobs created from Reagan’s terms to Clinton’s. We rate Clinton’s statement .
Statement: Elaine Chao BUSTED Sending $97 Million Contract To Help Mitch McConnell Win Reelection.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 29, 2019
Topics: ethics;transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a social media post
Fact-check justification: A social media post claimed: "Elaine Chao BUSTED Sending $97 Million Contract To Help Mitch McConnell Win Reelection." Chao’s agency gave a Kentucky county a $67 million grant, not a $97 million contract, so the amount claimed is overstated by nearly half. Chao was "busted," in the colloquial sense of the word, in that it was revealed that the county had initially submitted an incomplete grant application, but eventually won the funds after consulting with an aide to Chao — who formerly worked on McConnell’s campaign. The process also drew criticism from the Government Accountability Office. The grant helped McConnell’s re-election bid in that it is the largest transportation grant received in Kentucky during the Trump administration. Voters could view that favorably come Election Day. The statement is partially accurate, our definition of .
Statement: In the 2020 election, President Trump voted from behind the desk in the White House in Florida.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: January 11, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: national;elections;florida;new york
Context: Georgia
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "In the 2020 election, President Trump voted from behind the desk in the White House in Florida."  We don’t know where Trump sat when he voted in 2020, but we do know from Palm Beach County election officials that he voted via a mail ballot in the presidential preference primary in March and the August primary. A representative picked up the ballot for him, which is uncommon but allowed. That said, when people hear "the 2020 election" they generally think of the general election. And for that, Trump cast his ballot in person at an early voting site at a library. We rate this statement .
Statement: It is a fact that the economy does better when we have a Democrat in the White House.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 5, 2016
Location: california
Topics: economy
Context: a campaign speech
Fact-check justification: Hillary Clinton said in Sacramento, "It is a fact that the economy does better when we have a Democrat in the White House." It’s similar to her March statement in Phoenix that "The economy always does better when there’s a Democrat in the White House." Yes, Democratic presidents do have more Gross Domestic Product growth than Republicans, according to quarterly GDP data dating back to 1947. But Clinton's comments require several caveats. The current growth in the economy under Obama is lower than the Republican average. Factors such as oil prices also reflect the higher GDP growth under Democratic presidents. On top of that, comparing one period of time to another or one president to another can be problematic. We agree with PolitiFact Arizona’s findings and rate Clinton's  in Sacramento .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/ee86664c-a54d-466d-97d0-e5b488faf87e
Statement: We never had an earthquake in Youngstown until John Kasich was elected Governor,
Speaker: robert hagan
About the speaker: Robert Hagan is a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from the 60th District, which is comprised of part of Mahoning County, including Youngstown.
Date: January 10, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: environment;energy;government regulation
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: And Kasich did not weaken regulations on drilling regulations or do anything that could be construed as making it more likely the earthquake would happen. In fact, state regulators have said the company that owns the Youngstown well -- D&L Energy -- was not violating its permit by injecting too much waste or injecting it too quickly into the ground. So let’s drill down to the core here:   Earthquakes linked to injection wells are relatively rare occurrences, so it seems that the Kasich administration is probably more unlucky than anything to be in charge when it happened. We’ll give Hagan a point for his geologic accuracy, but he can’t shake the fact that Kasich isn’t the cause of the quakes. On the -O-Meter, we rate his  .
Statement: Nearly 60% of all student loan debt is held by the rich and upper-middle class," so forgiveness would give the wealthy a "financial windfall" but not really help low-income people.
Speaker: glenn grothman
About the speaker: Republican Glenn Grothman, of the Town of Glenbeulah in Sheboygan County, was first elected to Congress in 2014 after serving 21 years in the Wisconsin Legislature. He represents the 6th Congressional District in east-central Wisconsin that includes all or parts of Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Fond du Lac, Dodge, Winnebago, Columbia, Green Lake, Marquette and Waushara counties.  
 
Date: May 21, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: debt;economy;education;wealth
Context: Newsletter
Fact-check justification: Grothman claimed that most student loan debt is held by wealthier people, meaning that student loan debt forgiveness would be a "windfall" for the rich and not make much difference for low-income people.  It is  that people with higher incomes hold more debt — often because they attended graduate school and, if the loan is bigger, it would be more of a "windfall" to them.  But people with lower incomes also attend college, and on an individual level may benefit proportionately more from student loan debt forgiveness. For those, it could be a game changer.  We rate this  .