chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Despite raising taxes on the wealthy and hiking the minimum wage, Minnesota "is creating jobs at a record pace, unemployment is at a historic low, median income is skyrocketing, and (the) state has a billion-dollar surplus.
Speaker: occupy democrats
About the speaker: Occupy Democrats, founded in 2012, is an advocacy group created to counterbalance the Republican tea party, and to "give President Obama and other progressive Democrats a Congress that will work with them to grow the economy, create jobs, promote fairness and fight inequality, and get money out of politics!"
Date: March 31, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;income;jobs;state budget
Context: a meme on social media
Fact-check justification: Occupy Democrats said that Minnesota "is creating jobs at a record pace, unemployment is at a historic low, median income is skyrocketing, and (the) state has a billion-dollar surplus." While Minnesota is doing well on several key economic measurements, its achievements do not qualify as a "record," "historic" or "skyrocketing." Only the meme’s budget surplus  is correct. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: Rifles "were involved in 297 deaths" in the U.S. in 2022 and "constipation killed 2,167.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 26, 2023
Topics: crime;public health;facebook fact-checks;guns
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: (By comparison, 6,012 people were killed with handguns that year.) As for deaths caused by constipation, the total was 207 in 2020, the latest year for which CDC figures are available. The 2,167 claimed is the total constipation deaths from 1999 through 2014, as USA Today reported. Fecal impaction — the result of severe constipation, when feces back up in the colon — can cause ulcers, colitis or obstruction of the colon, which can be fatal, according to Cleveland Clinic. We rate the  .
Statement: Funding the federal health care law without a tax hike will "require the state to cut nearly a quarter of its annual budget.
Speaker: brian robinson
About the speaker: Brian Robinson is the communications director for Georgia Gov. Nathan Deal, a Republican.
Date: July 8, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: health care;medicaid;state budget
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: That’s not ," Robinson wrote us via email. "I SHOULD have said ‘Over 10 years, the new mandated spending will total a quarter of what the state spends on ALL services in its annual budget." Indeed. If he had said the potential impact of the health care law on Medicaid is equivalent to a quarter of the state’s budget, Robinson would have earned a  rating. But our rating of his actual statement as it appeared in the newspaper: .
Statement: Suburbs are by and large integrated.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: September 29, 2020
Topics: education;housing;race and ethnicity;population
Context: the first presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Biden said that the suburbs "are by and large integrated." Studies show that suburbs today are, on the broadest level, significantly more integrated today than they were in previous decades. However, more than two-thirds of Americans, and three-quarters of whites, still do not live in substantially integrated neighborhoods. Biden’s statement goes somewhat further than the data indicates, so we rate it .
Statement: A chyron on Sean Hannity's show said, "Dr Oz admits he's a medical quack.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 20, 2022
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The image in the Instagram post comes from this town hall broadcast. The actual chyrons said "Hannity town hall from York, Pennsylvania" and "Dr. Mehmet Oz Republican U.S. Senate nominee in Pennsylvania." Oz, a Republican, is running against Democratic Lt. Gov. John Fetterman in the Nov. 8 general election. The pair will meet for an Oct. 25 debate. We rate claims that Hannity aired a chyron saying Oz called himself a quack !
Statement: Says 11 soccer players on the U.S. Men's National Team are immigrants.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: June 17, 2014
Location: national
Topics: immigration;sports
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In a tweet pushing immigration reform, Pelosi posted a picture of the U.S. Men’s National Team missing 11 of its players and tweeted "Immigrants help drive America's success, even in the World Cup! Look at what #USMNT would be without them." In this instance "them" means immigrants. But none of those 11 players are immigrants. Some aren’t even the children of immigrants. We rate the statement .
Statement: A photo caption says vendors named "Nah" and "Stop asking me questions before you get your a-- kicked" sold Trump-themed merchandise to "stupid" people outside the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: January 13, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: ‘But these stupid motherf---ers buying $100 sweatshirts are putting me through college.’" The Instagram caption is fabricated. The photo’s original caption, which does not name the people pictured, is available on Getty Images’ website. The  caption came from a story labeled " news" that said the information was not real. We rate this  .
Statement: Oregon is spending $10 million advertising Obamacare with ads that don't even mention the program and how to enroll in it" and that don't "mention the word 'insurance.'
Speaker: tom coburn
About the speaker: Tom Coburn is a former U.S. Senator from Oklahoma and a physician.
Date: December 17, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: taxes
Context: Coburn's "Wastebook 2013"
Fact-check justification: On Coburn’s first , the Cover Oregon ads in question do not mention the word "insurance." But the context in this case is vital. These were not the campaign’s only ads, and later ads make details clear. We also find that the senator completely missed the mark on the amount of money spent. We rate the  .
Statement: Poll results from the past 35 years show that State of the Union speeches "do not move" presidential approval numbers.
Speaker: matthew dowd
About the speaker: Matthew Dowd is an author and MSNBC analyst. In 2021, he briefly ran for the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor of Texas. He served as chief political strategist to Republican President George W. Bush.
Date: January 23, 2011
Location: national
Topics: history;polls and public opinion;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week with Christiane Amanpour"
Fact-check justification: Dowd was very close to correct that State of the Union addresses "do not move the numbers." Over the past 33 years at least, that has been the case more often than not. And the one president Dowd specifically cited, Reagan, never got a bump greater than 3 points. But there are a few exceptions, including Clinton's 10-point bounce in 1998. So we rate his statement .
Statement: The Legislature passed Gov. Walker's so-called property tax relief bill," but the Republicans "are still raising your property taxes.
Speaker: janet bewley
About the speaker: Democratic state Rep. Janet Bewley represents Ashland in northern Wisconsin. Elected to the Assembly in 2010, she is a former community relations officer with the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority.
Date: October 24, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: city government;county government;education;state budget;taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our rating Bewley said "the Legislature passed Gov. Walker’s so-called property tax relief bill," but the Republicans "are still raising your property taxes." Bewley’s right that under the Republicans’ 2013-’15 state budget, it’s estimated that property tax bills will rise, by an estimated $11 over two years for a typical home. But the increase would have been larger without the property tax relief, and property tax bills are affected by actions taken by local governments, not just the GOP-controlled state government. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details, we give Bewley a . If you would like to comment on this item, you can do so on the Journal Sentinel’s web page .
Statement: 194,000 criminal aliens booked into Texas jails from 2011-2019 were charged with more than 299,000 criminal offenses.
Speaker: paul bettencourt
About the speaker: Paul Bettencourt, former Harris County tax assessor-collector, won election to a Houston seat in the Texas Senate in 2014, succeeding Dan Patrick, who was elected lieutenant governor, in representing District 7.
Date: April 2, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: crime
Context: a resolution
Fact-check justification: These numbers come from data published by DPS. His figures are right, but they don't tell the whole story. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information.
Statement: Says close to 90 percent of the population growth in Texas over the last decade was non-Anglo.
Speaker: garnet coleman
About the speaker: Coleman, initially elected to the Texas House in 1991, formerly chairs the Texas House Committee on County Affairs. Coleman says in his online biography that he's one of the authors of the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) in Texas, a program that makes health insurance available to more than 500,000 children from working families. He said he also helped simplify access to Medicaid for more than 600,000 Texas children, and worked to secure an increase of $161.5 million for at-risk child care services.
Date: April 28, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: census;redistricting
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: According to census data, in 2000, about 9.9 million minorities — people who reported their ethnicity and race as something other than non-Hispanic white — accounted for 47.6 percent of the state’s population. From 2000 to 2010, the minority population swelled by 3.8 million, accounting for 54.7 percent of the population — and also making minorities responsible for about 89 percent of the state’s growth through the decade. According to a Feb. 18 Austin American-Statesman news article analyzing the new census data, Latinos accounted for two-thirds of Texas' growth over the decade and made up 37.6 percent of the state's total population through 2010, while blacks made up 11.5 percent of the growth. Robert Bernstein, a Census Bureau spokesman, told us that Coleman was "pretty much on the mark." We rate Coleman’s statement as .
Statement: Says Joe Biden has a medical device implanted in his skull so he can hear someone give him answers to questions.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 28, 2020
Topics: debates;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In December 2019, Biden’s primary care physician, at Biden’s request, issued a summary of his medical and surgical history . It did not mention any skull implant or hearing aid and said that his head, ears, eyes, nose and throat "are normal." A Facebook post claimed Biden has a medical device implanted in his skull so he can hear someone give him answers to questions. That’s a fabricated and baseless .   We rate it !
Statement: Says 70 percent of benefits in Donald Trump's proposal for child care "go to the people making over $100,000 a year.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: March 5, 2017
Location: national
Topics: children;taxes
Context: an interview with CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Pelosi said that Trump’s plan for child care would mean that "70 percent of the benefits go to the people making $100,000 a year." The one comprehensive study released so far by an independent group supports Pelosi’s . It’s possible that different studies -- or a substantive change to the Trump administration proposal as it works its way toward enactment -- could weaken the certainty of Pelosi’s analysis. Based on what we know now, though, we rate her statement .
Statement: Over the last 30 years, extreme poverty has been cut in half.
Speaker: gayle smith
About the speaker: Gayle Smith is USAID administrator.
Date: March 9, 2016
Topics: global news service;foreign policy;poverty
Context: a speech on Capitol Hill
Fact-check justification: Smith said, "Over the last 30 years, extreme poverty has been cut in half." By World Bank figures, Smith actually understated the reduction. We’ve cut extreme poverty by 58 percent using the 2008 definition of extreme poverty, and 74.1 percent by the 2015 definition. While we don’t quibble with Smith using that metric, our research shows that there are other ways of determining poverty, and those different ways show different declines. Moreover, defining poverty is not an exact science, experts say. Because of those caveats, we rate Smith’s  .
Statement: Ivermectin has been FDA approved for human use since 1996.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 4, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: So while ivermectin has been approved by the FDA for human use since 1996, the FDA has not authorized or approved ivermectin to prevent or treat COVID-19.   And, the ivermectin products intended for animals are different from the products approved for humans. "Use of animal ivermectin for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 in humans is dangerous," the FDA says.   The statement in the Facebook post is accurate but needs additional clarification. We rate it .
Statement: Ukraine was the No. 1 donor to Hillary Clinton when she was running for president.
Speaker: marjorie taylor greene
About the speaker: Marjorie Taylor Greene is a Republican representative from Georgia.
Date: February 19, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: national;campaign finance;foreign policy;ukraine
Context: a talk before a rally
Fact-check justification: Greene said, "Ukraine was the No. 1 donor to Hillary Clinton when she was running for president." Clinton’s 2016 presidential campaign did not report any donations from Ukraine or Ukrainian nationals — a move that would have broken the law. Asked for  to support Greene’s , the congresswoman’s spokesperson did not cite any campaign donations. He pointed instead to a Wall Street Journal chart that mapped large individual donations between 1999 and 2014 to the Clinton Foundation, a nonprofit organization. The chart was a ranking of the top foreign donors by nationality, not contributions from foreign governments.  The Clinton Foundation said it has never received any funding from the Ukrainian government. We rate Greene’s statement .
Statement: A bill that would halt the EPA from regulating greenhouse gases would help "stop rising gas prices.
Speaker: fred upton
About the speaker: Fred Upton is a Republican U.S. Representative from Michigan. He is chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee.
Date: March 8, 2011
Location: national
Topics: environment;energy;regulation
Context: a letter to fellow Members of Congress
Fact-check justification: Yet the impact of the bill -- if there is an one -- would be years away. And there's no proof that the law would actually stop gas prices from rising. The added regulations now being planned may hamper U.S. refiners, but the international free market could just as easily end up keeping refining costs low. And it’s hardly assured that any changes in refining costs -- up or down -- will influence gasoline prices, which are subject to a wide array of influenes. We find their  .
Statement: Says Beto O'Rourke "voted to shield MS-13 gang members from deportation.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 22, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;criminal justice;crime
Context: Houston
Fact-check justification: Trump said O’Rourke "voted to shield MS-13 gang members from deportation." We see an element of  to this  because O’Rourke did not vote for a Trump-backed measure pitched as easing deportations of suspected criminal gang members. But we spotted no  that O’Rourke’s "no" was a vote to shield violent gang members from deportation. We rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says 50 percent of millennials don't associate with "any political party.
Speaker: rock the vote
About the speaker: Rock the Vote's mission is to engage and build political power for young people in the United States.
Date: March 11, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: elections;polls and public opinion
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Rock the Vote said "50% of #millennials don't associate w/ any political party." The group quoted a Pew study that showed half of millennials don’t self-identify with either major political party. However, that statement could create a  impression that their vote is up for grabs and they have no leanings, and that’s not the case. Half of millennials identify as Democrats or say they lean toward the Democratic Party, which is 16 points greater than the percentage who identify or say they lean Republican, Pew found. Other data and polling experts suggest millennials lean decisively toward Democrats, even when they identify as independents. We rate this  .
Statement: Thomas Jefferson expressed "strong support" for a balanced budget amendment in 1798.
Speaker: bob goodlatte
About the speaker: Bob Goodlatte, a Republican, was first elected to Congress in 1993. He represents Virginia's 6th District, centered in Roanoke.
He is currently the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee and the vice chairman of the House Agriculture Committee.
Goodlatte earned a law degree from Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington, in 1977. His undergraduate degree in government was earned at Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, in 1974.
Date: September 3, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: deficit;federal budget;history
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Goodlatte omits that Jefferson’s thoughts on government debt evolved in later years. As president in 1803, he borrowed money to make the Louisiana Purchase. And in 1813, he wrote another private letter suggesting it is OK to run up debt so long as its paid off in a generation. So there’s some basis to Goodlatte’s characterization of Jefferson’s view in 1798, some exaggeration and some selective interpretation. We rate the statement .
Statement: I brought back Big Ten football.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 29, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;elections;sports
Context: Debate
Fact-check justification: Our ruling   In the presidential debate, Trump claimed he "brought back Big Ten football." But school and conference leaders jumped in to dispute that , saying that opportunities for continued rapid testing of players and other medical advice led them to undo their decision to play in the spring instead of the fall. It’s clear that Trump urged the Big Ten to return this fall, but far less clear that his urging played into the final decision. We rate his  .
Statement: Says Robert Mueller "didn't follow the special counsel regulations. It clearly says write a confidential report about decisions reached. Nowhere in here does it say write a report about decisions that were not reached.
Speaker: john ratcliffe
About the speaker: John Ratcliffe is the Republican congressman for Texas's 4th district.
Date: July 24, 2019
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: a House hearing with Robert Mueller
Fact-check justification: Ratcliffe said Mueller overstepped the rules for prosecutors by writing about potential crimes that were not charged. This is . Federal regulations specifically require special prosecutors to explain their decisions not to prosecute. That explanation goes to the attorney general, who then decides what to make public. We found no legal scholar who agreed with Ratcliffe. We rate this  .
Statement: American Hustle shows the FBI making real-life bribes to Washington politicians. I know, because as your U.S. senator, I turned them down.
Speaker: larry pressler
About the speaker: Larry Pressler served as a Republican U.S. Senator from South Dakota from 1979 to 1997, following two terms in the U.S. House. In 2014, he is making another Senate run from South Dakota as an Independent.
Date: February 28, 2014
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;legal issues
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Pressler said that " American Hustle shows the FBI making real-life bribes to Washington politicians. I know, because as your U.S. senator, I turned them down." Pressler’s retelling fits with the description of the facts published in the media at the time -- actions that drew praise from a federal judge who wrote that Pressler "showed a clear awareness of the line between proper and improper conduct" and "refused to cross into impropriety." We rate Pressler’s  .