chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says that in 2008, President Barack Obama said normalization with Cuba would first require "liberation of all political prisoners and some basic steps toward freedom, including freedom of the press, political parties, labor unions.
Speaker: mario diaz-balart
About the speaker: Mario Diaz-Balart was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2002 to represent Florida’s 25th Congressional District, which at the time, covered portions of Miami-Dade County, Collier County, and Monroe County. After the 2012 redistricting cycle, he ran for the newly redrawn 25th Congressional District which includes parts of Miami-Dade, Broward, Collier, and Hendry counties.
Date: December 18, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: human rights;foreign policy
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Diaz-Balart said that in 2008, Obama had said that normalization with Cuba would first require "liberation of all political prisoners, and some basic steps toward freedom, including freedom of the press, political parties, labor unions." Obama did suggest such a linkage in 2008, though his phrasing was open to some interpretation. And on other occasions during the 2008 campaign, Obama offered a vaguer formulation for how Cuban relations could be normalized. On those other occasions, Obama said that if he saw unspecified steps toward democratic change in Cuba, he might pursue normalized relations with Cuba. Diaz-Balart’s  glosses over these nuances, so we rate the  .
Statement: We came out against Deepwater and everybody is now paying for [the project] in their electric bills.
Speaker: lisa blais
About the speaker: Lisa Blais is on the board of directors of Ocean State Tea Party in Action.
Date: May 21, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: environment;energy
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Lisa Blais of the Ocean State Tea Party In Action said that, in the wake of the state's approval of the Deepwater Wind project, "everybody is now paying for it in their electric bills." When we asked for the source of her information, she said she remembered it from the debate over Deepwater, but said she should have referred to the extra cost as something consumers will be facing. "I would have been more precise if I said now 'we face' paying for it, which was the tenor of my comments on Glover's show," she said. If the Deepwater Wind project becomes operational and if prices for purchasing electricity don't change significantly, Blais' statement could become . But most radio listeners would have heard what we did: that we're paying for the project now. In the strictest sense, we're paying less than 3.5 cents a month for some incidental National Grid expenses connected with the project. That's enough to avoid a  on the -O-Meter, but not enough juice to move the needle very far. We rate her statement  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Forty years ago, hardly anybody in the country had health insurance.
Speaker: louie gohmert
About the speaker: Louie Gohmert, a U.S. House member since 2005, is a former chief justice of the Texas 12th Court of Appeals and Smith County state district judge. He lives in Tyler.
Date: January 23, 2014
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Gohmert said that "40 years ago, hardly anybody in the country had health insurance." Even ignoring the millions of Americans covered in 1974 by Medicare and Medicaid, 80 percent of Americans under age 65 back then had private insurance coverage, and a solid majority of those plans covered routine doctor visits and prescription drugs in addition to hospital care. These numbers are so far off from Gohmert’s  that we rate it .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "is pushing to slash Medicare benefits.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 9, 2020
Topics: health care;medicare;health check
Context: a TV campaign ad
Fact-check justification: An attack ad by the Biden campaign states that Trump is "pushing to slash Medicare benefits" and ties this charge to the administration’s position on the pending legal challenge to the ACA. The Biden campaign pointed to an ACA provision that sought to close the Medicare doughnut hole to support this . It may not be the best example, though, because some experts suggest it may not be as vulnerable as other parts of the law. Experts outlined a range of other Medicare provisions that either provided new benefits or shored up the program’s financial fitness. If the whole law were to be nullified, as the administration has advocated, these changes could also be erased — a step that would affect benefits and potentially cause premiums to rise. But even if the Supreme Court accepts the Republicans’ arguments in this case, it’s not certain that the justices would overturn the entire law. Overall, the Biden ad seems plausible, even though the context linking Trump’s position on the legal challenge and its impact on Medicare benefits is missing from the ad. We rate the statement .
Statement: Ukraine blatantly interfered in our election.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: December 8, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: elections;impeachment
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Our Ruling During a television interview, Cruz said that "Ukraine blatantly interfered in our election." Cruz’s  is based on the existence of two social media posts and one op-ed from 2016 written by different Ukrainian officials criticizing Trump. He also highlighted reports about efforts by some Ukranians to discredit Paul Manafort, then Trump’s campaign chairman.   However, multiple intelligence officials said there is no  Ukraine interfered in the 2016 election.   We rate this  .
Statement: Muslims by the millions are converting to Christianity.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 20, 2023
Topics: religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: In a separate report from 2018, Pew wrote that Christianity was largest in sub-Saharan Africa, "largely due to high fertility rates." It did not mention conversions.   Religious and demographics experts said a lack of reliable data makes it hard to know the  number of religious conversions.   Without clear data to support this  and data showing that Islam is the fastest-growing major world religion, we rate the statement . PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report
Statement: How to Survive The Coming Ice Age" was a Time magazine cover story in 1977.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 20, 2019
Topics: climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Add in the media-hype cycle — which was  then as it is now — and you have some coverage that turned out . But thanks to the Internet, those stories stay undead, recycled by notorious climate skeptics like George Will. Pay no attention to Photoshop. It’s the science we should heed — and the science says man-made climate change is real and very, very worrying." We rate this Facebook post as .
Statement: Says U.S. Sen. Ron Johnson voted to let oil and gas companies emit "unlimited carbon pollution into our air
Speaker: league of conservation voters
About the speaker: The Washington, D.C.-based League of Conservation Voters, according to the nonpartisan Center for Responsive Politics, is “a liberal-leaning organization that raises money primarily in support of environmentally friendly public policy.”
Date: August 14, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment;climate change;energy;transportation
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Chip Knappenberger , assistant director of the Center for the Study of Science at the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank, told us that as a practical matter, the only way to reduce carbon pollution is to reduce the amount of fossil fuel produced. But he said Johnson's votes do preserve the status quo, which has no limits on greenhouse gas emissions. Our rating The League of Conservation Voters said Johnson voted to let oil and gas companies "keep spewing unlimited carbon pollution into our air." Johnson voted twice to prohibit the EPA from regulating any carbon emissions. We rate the statement .
Statement: A 1956 video warned about COVID-19.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 2, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: " It was uploaded by RamsesThePigeon, the handle of the video's creator who identified himself to The Associated Press as Max Patrick Schlienger.   The YouTube post makes clear that the footage in the video was used with "archival and public domain footage," and Schlienger told the AP that "the piece was intended to make a satirical commentary on the anti-science, misinformation-favoring perspectives that were already starting to be spread at the time. "  In August, as the video started to gain traction again, Schlienger tweeted that he made the video in 2020 and "it was intended to satirize the very perspectives it’s now being used to support. Misinformation-peddlers cut out all the punchlines. "  We rate claims that this is an old, authentic PSA warning about a disease like COVID-19 .
Statement: There are 278 Republicans in Congress. (With Eric Cantor's defeat), they are now all Christian and all white except for one black senator, who was appointed.
Speaker: bill maher
About the speaker: Bill Maher is a comedian and host of HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher. He also works as a comedian and actor.
Date: June 13, 2014
Topics: congress;race and ethnicity;religion;punditfact
Context: a "Real Time with Bill Maher" episode
Fact-check justification: Without Cantor, Maher said, the GOP in Congress is "now all Christian and all white except for one black senator, who was appointed." Maher’s show did not respond to a request for comment. If we learned anything from this fact-check, it is that straightforward sounding claims about religion and race are rarely that straightforward. Still, Maher’s unequivocal statement glosses over some diversity within the GOP’s ranks. On religion, Maher's  comes down to how you view Mormonism. On race, the question is even more murky. There are two members of federally recognized American Indian tribes, which is classified as a race by the U.S. Census Bureau, and there are as many 10 Republicans in the House and Senate with Hispanic roots. Some may consider their race white, Hispanic or something else. Also, Cantor isn’t leaving office until the end of his term in January. It’s possible the November elections will bring non-Christian or non-white Republican members who will take office when Cantor leaves. Maher’s statement is partially accurare but leaves out important details. We rate it .
Statement: Says John Brennan "was a member of the Communist Party during the Cold War.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: July 16, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;history
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: DeSantis said Brennan "was a member of the Communist Party during the Cold War." Brennan has openly confirmed voting for a Communist Party candidate for president in 1976. But the DeSantis campaign did not provide  that he was a card-carrying party member, and we did not find any. Voting for a particular candidate in a party does not make the voter a member of that party. Because it contains an element of  but twists facts to give a different impression, we rate this  .
Statement: For 21 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, "we simply do not have data to say anything about trends in poverty.
Speaker: morten jerven
About the speaker: Morten Jerven is associate professor at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences.  In 2013, he wrote "Poor Numbers: How We Are Misled by African Development Statistics and What to Do about It", published by Cornell University Press
Date: June 29, 2016
Topics: global news service;economy;foreign policy
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: Jerven said that for 21 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa,  "we simply do not have data to say anything about trends in poverty." His number comes directly from a careful vetting of poverty surveys by the World Bank. That analysis described in detail the holes in the information needed to track poverty. Jerven pushed his point a bit too far by saying that we can’t say anything about trends. Alternative methods give a reasonably reliable picture of overall trends, even if they can’t tell policy makers what the actual poverty rate might be. But at the end of the day, the consensus among the experts we reached is that the gap Jerven talked about is real and rather than use workaround techniques, everyone would prefer solid data. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/26108662-dcbd-407b-aabe-b10379895175
Statement: Comprehensive immigration reform, the bill we had back in 2013 ... brought the debt down $158 billion.
Speaker: amy klobuchar
About the speaker: Amy Klobuchar is a senator from Minnesota. Klobuchar was elected as senator in 2006 and re-elected in 2012 and 2018. Klobuchar received a bachelor’s degree in political science from Yale University and a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School. In 2019, she announced she was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 2, 2020.
Date: February 18, 2019
Location: national
Topics: immigration;federal budget
Context: a CNN town hall
Fact-check justification: Klobuchar said, "Comprehensive immigration reform, the bill we had back in 2013 ... brought the debt down $158 billion." The bill would have brought down projected future deficits by a total of $158 billion over 10 years. But the debt would have still gone up, just at a slower rate than it would have otherwise. We rate the statement .
Statement: Thousands of Westerners and Americans" are fighting with extremists in eastern Syria and Iraq.
Speaker: mike rogers
About the speaker: Mike Rogers is a Republican from Michigan who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2001 to 2015, including a stint as chairman of the House Intelligence Committee. A former FBI special agent, he is now a national security commentator for CNN.
Date: June 15, 2014
Location: national
Topics: homeland security;iraq;islam;military;terrorism
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Rogers said there are "thousands of Westerners and Americans in both the eastern Syria and Iraq who have Western passports" fighting with extremists. The highest estimates put the figure between 2,000 and 3,000, which would make it technically accurate, but somewhat exaggerated, to say "thousands." A March estimate from the U.S. government said there were about 1,000 Westerners in Syria. Only a few dozen of them are from the United States, though, and you might not get that impression from Rogers’ comment. So Rogers may have amplified the numbers a bit, but he did not overstate the threat. Experts we spoke with, along with U.S. and Western governments, have expressed legitimate concerns about this issue. Therefore, we rate Rogers’ statement .
Statement: You're more likely to be the victim of a violent crime in Milwaukee than in 96 percent of the country.
Speaker: van wanggaard
About the speaker: Wisconsin state Sen. Van Wanggaard, R-Racine, was elected to the Senate in 2010. He lost his seat in a recall election in 2012, but won the seat back in a regular election in 2014. He is a retired traffic investigator with the Racine Police Department and a former member of the Racine County Board of Supervisors.
Date: July 10, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: crime;population;public safety;urban
Context: an opinion article
Fact-check justification: "Usually if you’re not hanging out" in high-crime neighborhoods, "your chances of being a victim of crime are pretty low," said Michael Jacobson , executive director of the City University of New York Institute for State & Local Governance. Our rating Wanggaard said: "You're more likely to be the victim of a violent crime in Milwaukee than in 96 percent of the country." Three rankings using violent crime rates from the FBI give Milwaukee such a ranking. But the FBI warns against using its figures to do rankings; the rankings compare Milwaukee to relatively tiny cities; and the  makes a broad  about Milwaukee but ignores the fact that most violent crime in the city is limited to certain neighborhoods. For a statement that is partially accurate but takes things out of context, our rating is .
Statement: In the month of July alone, EU exports to South Korea increased by over 36 percent. A lot of that is our market share. Those are our farmers and our service providers who are suffering.
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: September 7, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: trade
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: The senator accurately quoted the trade stats he obtained from the Korean embassy’s August 25 news release. But the data doesn’t support the other part of his  -- his underlying point that countries which have adopted trade pacts are gaining market share that would go to U.S. farmers and companies. It is contradicted by the data for August trade available from Korea’s Ministry of Knowledge Economy released two days before Portman spoke. And statistics for the six months before the EU trade agreement kicked in show EU trade growth. On the -O-Meter,  we rate Portman’s  .
Statement: Says Tammy Baldwin "voted to gut Medicare for seniors.
Speaker: tommy thompson
About the speaker: Tommy Thompson, a Republican, was a 2012 candidate for the U.S. Senate from Wisconsin. He served as governor of Wisconsin from 1987 until 2001, when he left office to become President George W. Bush's secretary of health and human services. He previously spent 20 years in the Wisconsin Assembly. Thompson briefly ran for president, withdrawing in 2007.
Date: October 16, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;health care;medicare
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Thompson’s new ad says the  is that "Baldwin voted to gut Medicare for seniors" when she backed the health reform law’s cost-containment measures in the Medicare program. This is off base or  on several fronts. The health care law slows Medicare’s growth but spending would still rise significantly, and some new services are added. The changes do not promise to hold seniors harmless, but Medicare is not being gutted. We rate the  .
Statement: The labor participation rate is at an all-time low.
Speaker: lindsey graham
About the speaker: Lindsey Graham is a U.S. senator from South Carolina. He was a candidate for the Republican nominee for president in 2016.
Date: March 8, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: comments on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Graham said, "The labor participation rate is at an all-time low."  Graham’s office did not respond to multiple emails seeking comment. The rate was lower than it is today from 1948 to 1978. That said, it's not necessarily an apples-to-apples comparison and the labor participation is at about its lowest level in 37 years.  The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Pelosi was in (Wuhan) China 6 days after the impeachment HOAX failed.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 22, 2020
Location: california
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said that Pelosi was in Wuhan, China, "6 days after the impeachment HOAX failed." Travel records last show Pelosi in China in 2015. The rest of the post is Mad Libs for conspiracy theorists. This statement rates !
Statement: While all COVID-19 news has been going on, the U.S. Government has been sneakily trying to remove end-to-end encryption" which means "the government will be able to see all of your messages and listen to all of your calls.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: March 17, 2020
Topics: legal issues;technology;privacy issues;coronavirus
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: The post said, "While all COVID-19 news has been going on, the U.S. Government has been sneakily trying to remove end-to-end encryption" which means "the government will be able to see all of your messages and listen to all of your calls." If the EARN IT Act passed — which is not imminent — it would make it easier for law enforcement to demand information from technology companies about certain users of their services. But the bill is receiving public scrutiny and proceeding through Congress in a typical way, so it’s not accurate to describe it as sneaky. The post is also  about the official scope of the act. Far from green-lighting government intrusion into "all" messages and calls, any such requests would have to be premised on a link to suspected child exploitation.  Whether that limitation would hold in practice is hotly debated between civil libertarians and law enforcement. The post contains an element of , but leaves out important context that would give a different impression, so we rate it .