chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Close to half of the folks in this country illegally entered legally (but) overstayed (their ) visas.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: January 14, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview with Glenn Beck
Fact-check justification: But others put the number lower, closer to one-third. The difference between the estimates represents about 2 million people, not an insignificant number. We can't fault Rubio for using the numbers he did. But it seems like adding a little context would be appropriate. We rate Rubio's  .
Statement: The problem of unwanted sexual contacts in the military "is not just a woman's issue. More than half of the victims are men.
Speaker: kirsten gillibrand
About the speaker: Kirsten Gillibrand is a senator from New York. Gillibrand was appointed as senator in 2009 to fill Hillary Clinton’s vacated seat, as Clinton became U.S. Secretary of State under Barack Obama. Gillibrand won a special election in 2010 to retain her senate seat and won re-elections in 2012 and 2018. From 2007 to 2009, she served as the representative of New York’s 20th Congressional District. Gillibrand received a bachelor’s degree in Asian Studies from Dartmouth College and a J.D. from UCLA School of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in August.
Date: June 9, 2013
Location: national
Topics: military
Context: an interview on Face the Nation
Fact-check justification: Gillibrand said more than half the victims of sexual crimes in the military are men. That's not  in terms of the 3,000 sexual contacts that were officially reported, but it is  if you rely on the larger estimate of unwanted sexual contacts that comes from a more comprehensive survey of people in the military. We rate the statement .
Statement: The bill reported out of committee sets up a $50 billion slush fund that, while intended for resolving failing firms, is available for virtually any purpose that the treasury secretary sees fit.
Speaker: richard shelby
About the speaker: Richard Shelby is a Republican senator from Alabama.
Date: March 25, 2010
Location: national
Topics: bankruptcy;corporations;economy;federal budget;financial regulation;taxes
Context: a letter to Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner
Fact-check justification: Shelby is right that the bill would create a $50 billion fund to help dismantle very large, faltering firms.  While there may be just a bit of wiggle room on what costs the fund covers, the bill makes it clear that the money must be used to liquidate -- not keep alive -- failing firms. Also, the program is administered by the FDIC, and before it can step in to dismantle a firm, FDIC must have agreement of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve and three bankruptcy judges.  So, to say that the fund "is available for virtually any purpose that the Treasury Secretary sees fit," is more than a stretch.   We find Shelby's  to be .
Statement: Says he's so bipartisan that "12 of my bills were signed into law by Democratic President Bill Clinton.
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: October 8, 2010
Location: ohio
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Comparing it with the standards of academia, Hess said, "If you were writing your dissertation at Wayne State, could you get away with that? Probably so. It would probably just require a footnote." When asked, Portman’s campaign was clear about that footnote. Portman’s statement was accurate but needed clarification, which on the -O-Meter is measured this way:
Statement: You said you would vote against the Patriot Act, then you came to the Senate, you voted for it.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: January 5, 2008
Location: national
Topics: terrorism
Context: Manchester, N.H
Fact-check justification: Clinton was also among those senators voting yes. Obama said the final deal was not ideal but was an improvement over earlier Republican proposals. "This compromise does modestly improve the Patriot Act by strengthening civil liberties protections without sacrificing the tools that law enforcement needs to keep us safe," he said, adding, "I urge my colleagues to continue working on ways to improve the civil liberties protections in the Patriot Act after it is reauthorized." So while Obama did vote to reauthorize the Patriot Act, he did so after working to improve the law by expanding civil rights guarantees. We rule Clinton's statement .
Statement: 160 million people like their private insurance.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: November 20, 2019
Topics: health care;health check
Context: comments during the November Democratic presidential primary debate
Fact-check justification: Biden argued that "160 million people like their private insurance." A cursory look at polling would suggest that most of the people he’s talking about — Americans who get coverage through work — are happy with their plans.  But once you dig a little deeper, that narrative gets more complicated. Even while Americans say they like their plans, large proportions indicate that the private coverage they have still leaves meaningful gaps, requiring them to skip or delay health care because they cannot afford it.  Biden’s argument is technically correct, but it leaves out important context and relies on a somewhat squishy number. We rate it .
Statement: Ted Kaczynski has less restrictive confinement than the youth at Lincoln Hills.
Speaker: james peterson
About the speaker:  James D. Peterson is the chief U.S. district judge for the western district of Wisconsin. He was appointed to the federal bench by President Barack Obama, and confirmed in 2014.
Date: June 23, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;civil rights;criminal justice;legal issues
Context: a ruling from the bench
Fact-check justification: Those in general population at Lincoln Hills have access to a desk in their room, TV in the dayroom and are outside their cells for significant portions of the day. Our rating Peterson said: "Ted Kaczynski has less restrictive confinement than the youth at Lincoln Hills." His  is on target for those Lincoln Hills inmates placed in solitary confinement, which was the issue at hand when the  was made. The caveat: Those inmates not in solitary confinement would fare differently. We rate Peterson’s  .
Statement: California is moving folks out of encampments, into safe housing and getting them the mental health services they need.
Speaker: gavin newsom
About the speaker: Gavin Newsom was elected governor of California in 2018. He is the state's former lieutenant governor and served as mayor of San Francisco. He is a Democrat.
Date: August 9, 2021
Location: california
Topics: homeless;housing
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In short, while California officials are working to find solutions to homelessness, they are still a long way from housing and providing services to the state’s vast homeless population.   While some Berkeley encampment residents received housing, we found that several remain on the streets or in temporary residences with high barriers to entry. Therefore, we rate this statement .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context.
Statement: Says Milken Institute rated San Antonio as nation's top-performing local economy.
Speaker: julián castro
About the speaker: Julián Castro is a former U.S. secretary of Housing & Urban Development. He was the youngest member of Barack Obama’s cabinet, serving from 2014 to 2017. Just before he became secretary of HUD, he was the mayor of San Antonio, elected in 2009. Castro received a bachelor’s degree in political science and communications from Stanford University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on Jan. 2, 2020.
Date: September 4, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: economy
Context: keynote address at Democratic National Convention
Fact-check justification: San Antonio hasn’t just been holding steady in the economic downturn; it’s been gaining ground, even compared to other Texas cities. Castro’s statement rates .
Statement: More people, aged 18-45, died of Fentanyl overdoses in 2020 than covid, car accidents, cancer, + suicide combined.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 19, 2021
Topics: drugs;public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: The post said that "more people, aged 18-45, died of Fentanyl overdoses in 2020 than covid, car accidents, cancer, + suicide combined." Fentanyl overdoses are indeed the No. 1 killer in that age group in the U.S., and by a growing margin, according to data compiled by an advocacy group from federal statistics. However, the post has overstated the differential between fentanyl overdoses and the other four causes of death. In reality, there are still roughly twice as many deaths collectively from the other four categories as there are from fentanyl overdoses. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says a video shows Iranian rockets being launched toward U.S. airbases in Iraq.
Speaker: @thesavoyshow
About the speaker: @thesavoyshow is a popular Instagram account. In its bio, the account describes itself as "Black American News/Satire/Media."
 
Date: January 7, 2020
Topics: iran;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: Iran attacked the Islamic State in retaliation for a Sept. 22 incursion on a military parade that left 25 people dead. Below is the footage that Iran has released from its Jan. 7 strike, which targeted two airbases in Iraq: Al-Asad and Erbil. There were no reported casualties. @thesavoyshow’s Instagram post is . We rate it .
Statement: Says Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and wife Sophie faked their COVID-19 vaccinations on live television.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 19, 2021
Topics: public health;science;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: PolitiFact reached out several times to the Canadian prime minister’s office, but did not receive a response for comment.     A video recorded by a woman describing herself as a registered nurse claims that Justin and Sophie Trudeau faked their COVID-19 vaccinations.   Although the technique used to give their vaccines is not common in the U.S., that doesn’t prove that the shots were . A close-up photo of Justin Trudeau’s vaccination shows the needle going into his arm.   We rate this  .
Statement: The Baucus health care bill "could be used to ban guns in home self-defense.
Speaker: gun owners of america
About the speaker: an advocacy group for gun rights
Date: October 9, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care;guns
Context: an alert to members
Fact-check justification: "So I don't think it is unreasonable to assume that what can be done will be done," he said. But we find insufficient  to support the group's overheated rhetoric. Ultimately, we find that while the GOA is right that a more behavioral approach to pricing health care seems to be gaining steam, it is a giant and overly speculative leap to say that the Baucus bill "could be used to ban guns in home self-defense." There is nothing in the bill itself to indicate that is contemplated. We find the statement .
Statement: Jimmy Langevin is having a fundraiser . . . to retire the debt from his campaign for secretary of state, which was 12 years ago.
Speaker: john matson
About the speaker: John Matson, a retired carpenter and businessman from Hopkinton, has made unsuccessful runs for Congress in the 2nd Congressional District, most recently in 2012.
Date: April 26, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: campaign finance;legal issues;negative campaigning
Context: an interview on State of the State
Fact-check justification: Congressional candidate John O. Matson said Rep. James Langevin is still trying to raise money to cover the costs of the campaign he ran for secretary of state 12 years ago. That statement, by itself, makes Langevin sound like a deadbeat, especially when Matson refers to "debts," which suggests that more than one person is owed money. In fact, the money Langevin’s campaign owes is not to other people, but to one individual -- Langevin himself. Eighteen years ago, the candidate loaned $280,000 to his campaign. In 2006, he tried to get that money back, running afoul of state election laws. There's a big difference between owing money to others and trying to recoup funds you loaned to your own campaign, especially when Langevin is under no obligation to ever pay himself back in the first place. So Matson is correct in saying that Langevin is still trying to pay off debt racked up while running for secretary of state, but his statement leaves out important facts that might give voters a very different impression. So we'll give him a  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: The federal government owns 30 percent of the land in the 50 states, or about 650 million acres.
Speaker: j.d. van brink
About the speaker: J.D. Van Brink, chairman of the Georgia Tea Party
Date: December 10, 2012
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget;taxes
Context: a tea party meeting
Fact-check justification: The bill was not enacted and died. Georgia tea party leader J.D. Van Brink said the federal government owns 30 percent of the land in the 50 states, or about 650 million acres. Based on research from a nonpartisan congressional research think tank, Van Brink’s data is close to the published figures. The only difference is minor rounding. We rated the  .
Statement: Members of Congress did not have three days to read the bill "when the stimulus was rushed into law.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: October 30, 2010
Location: national
Topics: history;stimulus
Context: a Saturday address
Fact-check justification: The first version clearly passed the House less than three days after it was introduced, while the centrist compromise version passed the  Senate roughly three days after it was formally introduced. Meanwhile, both chambers passed the conference report -- the final version that became law -- within 24 hours of the bill's filing. So in all except cases except the main Senate vote, it's clear Boehner is correct. And in the case of the Senate version, he's cutting it close because it was right at three days. All in all, that's strong support for his , so we rate it .
Statement: The Bush-era tax cuts failed to increase employment and "work-force participation fell in 2001 and has never returned to the record level set in 2000.
Speaker: jim moran
About the speaker: Rep. Jim Moran, D-8th, was first elected in 1990 to represent a district covering Falls Church, Alexandria, Arlington County and part of Fairfax County.
He serves on the Appropriations Committee and is the ranking member on the Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, as well as serving on the Defense Subcommittee.
Moran previously served as the mayor of Alexandria from 1985 to 1990.
Moran was born in Buffalo, N.Y. He graduated from College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Mass., in 1967, and received a master of public administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1970.
Date: December 2, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: jobs;taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: As he notes, total employment didn’t go up over the decade. But he neglects to mention numbers were on the rise before the advent of the worst economic downturn in 80 years. He’s half right here. He’s correct in saying work-force participation fell since a record in 2000. When you put both parts of his statement together, we rate it .
Statement: The mayor said … 'if you happen to be in this country in an undocumented status . . . then we welcome you here. We want you here. We'll protect you here.'
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: November 28, 2007
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: St. Petersburg, Fla
Fact-check justification: The quote came from a 1994 story in the New York Times that was headlined "New York Officials Welcome Immigrants, Legal or Illegal." The article noted that Giuliani had given a "spirited defense of illegal immigrants, virtually urging them to settle in New York City." It quoted him saying, "Some of the hardest-working and most productive people in this city are undocumented aliens. " Giuliani has not denied the comment but, in discussing immigration, has emphasized the need for more border security and tougher enforcement by the federal government. We find that Romney accurately described Giuliani's comment and find Romney's statement to be .
Statement: Says Arizona congressional candidate Christine Jones "called Hillary Clinton 'a capable and respected leader,' and an 'effective' secretary of state. ... Hillary Clinton effective? Christine Jones thinks so.
Speaker: club for growth
About the speaker: The Club for Growth is an anti-tax group.
Date: August 4, 2016
Location: arizona
Topics: negative campaigning
Context: a political advertisement
Fact-check justification: Club for Growth said, "Jones called Hillary Clinton ‘a capable and respected leader,’ and an ‘effective’ secretary of state ... Hillary Clinton effective? Christine Jones thinks so." In multiple blog posts dating back to January 2012, Jones does characterize Clinton as capable, respected and effective. What the ad does not mention is how Jones started walking back her remarks in 2014. By saying "Christine Jones thinks so," in present tense, Club for Growth neglects to account for her more recent perspective. We rate the ad’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/4d0db0ff-0969-4d23-a563-8e7f8c29096c
Statement: The Florida Legislature has not filed a lawsuit to fight Amendments 5 and 6.
Speaker: alan hays
About the speaker: Sen. Alan Hays (R-Umatilla) represents parts of Lake, Marion, Seminole, Sumter, and Volusia counties
Date: July 13, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: redistricting
Context: a public hearing about redistricting
Fact-check justification: And the lawsuit is about Amendment 6 -- not Amendment 5. But that's not what Hays said -- he said the Legislature has not filed a lawsuit. While that's  on a technical level -- the two members of Congress filed the lawsuit -- the House did join as a plaintiff. Hays later explained that the House joined as an intervenor "seeking clarification" but the House is seeking more than clarification -- the House has filed a motion asking that Amendment 6 be declared unconstitutional. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Claire McCaskill "has had Chuck Schumer spend more dark money for her than for any senator in America. $16 million and counting!
Speaker: josh hawley
About the speaker: Josh Hawley took office as U.S. Senator from Missouri in 2019. Hawley previously served as Missouri’s Attorney General. 
Date: September 25, 2018
Location: missouri
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Attorney General Hawley claimed that dark money spent on McCaskill’s campaign totals $16 million and counting, the most of any U.S. senator. Hawley is correct that Missouri’s Senate race has been the target of the most spending by Senate Majority PAC on one candidate, as well as the most between Senate Majority and Majority Forward, the two PACs attributable to Schumer. But when we look at just the dark money group, Majority Forward, the numbers tell a different story. Majority Forward hasn’t actually contributed to McCaskill, although it has spent about $3 million opposing Hawley. It is hard to account for all of the dark money spent in an election, and more continues to flow in. But Hawley’s  was based on reported spending numbers. He’s off by roughly $13 million, considerably  in assessing the amount of dark money spent on McCaskill’s behalf. We rate this  .
Statement: Photo shows people recently protesting in Austria.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 23, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Atlantic published versions of it in 2011 and 2012 . It appears alongside a timeline of the fall of the Soviet Union that was published on the website of the French university Sciences Po. And in August, AFP fact-checked a  that the image showed a recent protest against vaccination rules in France. That wasn’t , and neither is the  that it shows protesters in Austria this year.   We rate it .