chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: When Winston Churchill was asked to cut arts funding in favour of the war effort, he simply replied, 'then what are we fighting for?'
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 31, 2019
Topics: military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Unfortunately," he said, "our best efforts fail to find it among Churchill’s 15 million published words of speeches, papers, letters, articles or books." Langworth instead points to a different, authentic statement Churchill made about painting and sculpture: "The arts are essential to any complete national life. The State owes it to itself to sustain and encourage them. The country possesses in the Royal Academy an institution of wealth and power for the purpose of encouraging the arts of painting and sculpture … ." We rate this Facebook post as .
Statement: Al Franken said almost exactly what Trump said" about John McCain's military record.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: July 20, 2015
Topics: military;patriotism;punditfact
Context: a segment on his radio show
Fact-check justification: A closer look at Franken’s books and coverage of the 1999 event where he used this bit — before the Salon article came out — shows Franken meant the insult sarcastically.  It may be a despicable joke to some, but it’s a joke nonetheless. Trump, however, has not insisted that his comment was meant as satire. Limbaugh’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details and takes things out of context. We rate the  .
Statement: President Obama, Sen. Harry Reid and Rep. Nancy Pelosi passed a "$1.2 trillion stimulus bill.
Speaker: george allen
About the speaker: George Allen was a U.S. senator from 2001-2007. He was governor of Virginia from 1994-1998.
Date: November 13, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: stimulus
Fact-check justification: It roughly equals the total 13-year expenses of  Virginia’s state government between 1999 and 2012. Allen is not only exaggerating the spending total by President Obama and the Democratic leaders of Congress, he is doing it by including billions of dollars passed under a Republican president. That’s just not , it’s . So we have to set the meter ablaze. .
Statement: Says Lil Boosie and George Zimmerman got into a fight.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 13, 2020
Topics: pop culture;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Boosie Badazz doesn’t appear injured in the Instagram post.   The Miami Herald reported that rumor is " news." "Contrary to what you may have heard, or read, Boosie Badazz did not, we repeat, did not engage with George Zimmerman at Walmart," the story says.   The New York Post reported that the fight story was "apparently spurred by the anonymous social media account My Mix Tapez." We rate this post .
Statement: Congressman Patrick Murphy voted to keep the scandal-ridden IRS in charge of enforcing Obamacare.
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: August 22, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: a YouTube video
Fact-check justification: The NRCC video stated that the IRS would be in charge of enforcing Obamacare. While the IRS will play a major role in enforcing elements of the Affordable Care Act, stating that the agency is "in charge" of enforcing the new health law is  and leaves out the vital roles of the states, the health department, the department of labor and other agencies in enforcing and implementing various aspects of the law. We rate the NRCC’s  .
Statement: Says Gov. Scott Walker's budget "includes tax breaks for corporations and the rich that will cost the state of Wisconsin taxpayers $2.3 billion over the next decade.
Speaker: one wisconsin now
About the speaker: One Wisconsin Now is a liberal advocacy group that focuses on advancing "progressive leadership and values."
Date: June 24, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The group’s larger point -- that the tax breaks benefit corporations and wealthier residents, rather than average taxpayers -- is generally on target, given that the largest amounts of the tax breaks go to businesses and to individuals with higher incomes. But as we said in a past ruling, a tax break is not spending or a "cost" to taxpayers. It is money that stays with taxpayers. The statement contains accurate claims, primarily on who will benefit from newly adopted tax breaks, but shades the language (all in Walker’s budget, a "cost" to taxpayers) to amplify its political point. We rate the statement .
Statement: U.S. Senate candidate Jack Kingston "spent our tax dollars on thousands of wasteful earmarks.
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: June 17, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Were the earmarks wasteful as the statement claims? That’s far trickier to prove. Those votes were taken as part of a central function of Congress, to vote on the budget.    There’s a bit of  in Perdue’s , but just a bit. We rate his statement .
Statement: Gov. Romney was very clear, he would veto the DREAM Act.
Speaker: david plouffe
About the speaker: David Plouffe is a senior adviser to President Barack Obama. He also managed President Obama’s 2008 presidential campaign.
Date: June 17, 2012
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a comment on 'Fox News Sunday'
Fact-check justification: Plouffe said, "Gov. Romney was very clear, he would veto the DREAM Act." Romney did say that, without equivocation, during the Republican primary. He has not indicated a change in that position. It’s worth pointing out, though, that Romney does support one element of the DREAM Act: allowing young illegal immigrants who were brought to the United States as children "to become permanent residents, and eventually citizens, by serving honorably in the United States military," according to a statement from the campaign. The DREAM Act, though, provided a path to legal status to young people who are in school, without serving in the military. We rate Plouffe’s statement .
Statement: Says remdesivir is responsible for killing patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Speaker: nicole sirotek
About the speaker: Nicole Sirotek is a registered nurse and founder of American Frontline Nurses, a group that opposes vaccines and promotes unproven remedies for COVID-19. She has claimed that remdesivir is what kills COVID-19 hospital patients. 
Date: January 25, 2022
Topics: drugs;science;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Sirotek claimed that remdesivir is responsible for killing patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Neither medical data nor experts back this statement up. Studies have differed on how effective it is as a treatment for COVID-19, but none of them suggest that it’s causing deaths.   Experts noted that remdesivir is given to patients who are at the highest risk of death because of the severity of their disease. We rate the  .
Statement: Betty Sutton and her fellow Democrats went on a spending spree and now their credit card is maxed out.
Speaker: national republican congressional committee
About the speaker: National Republican Congressional Committee
Date: May 18, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Conservatives disagree, with Riedl saying that it amounts to cherry picking and ignores all the spending.    Before ruling, we’re compelled to point out that since 2001, Congress has voted to raise the debt ceiling ten times, according to the Congressional Research Service . Seven of those hikes were under Bush, three under Obama. Sutton certainly voted for spending, so we won’t rate the NRCC’s  . But with trees chock full of cherries, we find the NRCC’s statement to be so selective as to render it .
Statement: Forty-five percent of those who've been unemployed, they've been unemployed for six months or longer.
Speaker: donna brazile
About the speaker: A longtime Democratic political consultant and campaign manager for Al Gore’s 2000 presidential campaign. Currently a political commentator for CNN and frequent commentator on ABC's This Week with George Stephanopoulos.
Date: August 29, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy;pundits;this week - abc news;workers
Context: a roundtable discussion on ABC's "This Week with Christiane Amanpour"
Fact-check justification: That's actually been  only for the past three months -- that is, 17 months into the Obama presidency and 32 months into the recession. A more accurate way of phrasing it would have been "45 percent of those who are now unemployed, they've been unemployed for six months or longer." Of course, Brazile's grammatical slip-up should not undercut the seriousness of the economic statistic she's citing. Her point about the long-term unemployed is generally accurate even if her encapsulation of it is a little . On balance, then, we rate her statement .
Statement: If the Dow Joans ever falls more than 1000 'points' in a Single Day the sitting president should be 'loaded' into a very big cannon and Shot into the sun at TREMENDOUS SPEED! No excuses!
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: February 5, 2018
Topics: economy;fake news;punditfact
Context: a tweet attributed to @realdonaldtrump
Fact-check justification: Hours before Usher posted the  tweet, he bashed Trump over his criticism of the UK health care system . In January, Usher called Trump the "dumbest sack of meat" in response to his comments about climate change . We attempted to reach Usher but did not hear back. The White House declined to comment.    We rate this  tweet .
Statement: The Republicans are proposing to pay for their giant tax cut to the rich by gutting Medicare and Medicaid.
Speaker: charles schumer
About the speaker: Charles Schumer is a Democratic senator from New York and the Senate majority leader.
Date: October 4, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicaid;medicare;taxes
Context: a Senate floor speech
Fact-check justification: Schumer said, "The Republicans are proposing to pay for their giant tax cut to the rich by gutting Medicare and Medicaid." He has a point that the tax proposal includes significant tax cuts and that the Senate Republicans’ budget proposal reduces projected spending levels for Medicare and Medicaid by hundreds of billions of dollars over 10 years. However, Schumer has overstated the linkage between the proposed tax and spending cuts. In addition, his decision to highlight Medicare and Medicaid cuts with the vivid word "gutting" leaves the impression that such reductions are a drastic reshaping and are likelier to occur than they actually are. We rate his statement .
Statement: The city of Atlanta ranks 25th among U.S. cities with the highest crime rates.
Speaker: cq press city crime rankings, 2010-2011
About the speaker: CQ Press City Crime Rankings, 2010-2011 was released Nov. 22, 2010
Date: November 22, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: crime
Context: a book
Fact-check justification: She and other experts emphasize that a person's safety is more dependent on his lifestyle and what neighborhoods he frequents than the city he's in. Although the list's name was changed, the book addresses this point while its news release did not. And the message has not stuck with the public. Because the news release does not tackle the list's misuse head on, we conclude the statement meets AJC PolitiFact Georgia's definition of . It was accurate but left out important details or took things out of context.
Statement: During the Reagan administration, "Millions of people were thrown out of work.
Speaker: michael moore
About the speaker: Michael Moore directed the movie "Capitalism: A Love Story" and is a well-known documentary filmmaker. His movies includes "Roger and Me," "Bowling for Columbine," "Fahrenheit 9/11," and "Sicko." He won the Academy Award for best documentary in 2002 with "Bowling for Columbine," and he was a nominee in 2007 for "Sicko." Michael Moore's Web site is www.MichaelMoore.com.
Date: October 2, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: his movie "Capitalism: A Love Story"
Fact-check justification: Many would note that these service industry jobs generally pay lower than manufacturing jobs. Nonetheless, employment rates improved during the Reagan years. Factoring in for population growth, employment ratios grew by 2 percentage points over Reagan's eight years. And failing to note that while saying that millions of people were thrown out of work is . We rate this  .
Statement: Vitamins aren't FDA approved, but Twinkies are.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 4, 2023
Topics: food;food safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post that says the FDA doesn’t approve vitamins but did approve the Twinkie has an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.  The FDA does not approve vitamins before they go on the market, and the agency does have a role in approving food additives used in the snack. But the FDA does not sign off on food products overall; it maintains regulatory authority over both vitamins and food once they’re on the market.  The  is .
Statement: Says Connie Mack IV co-sponsored a bill to "take a third of the Social Security Trust Fund ... give it in individual accounts to the senior citizens, who then were to invest it in the stock market.
Speaker: bill nelson
About the speaker: Bill Nelson was first elected to the U.S. Senate from Florida in 2000. He lost re-election to Gov. Rick Scott in 2018. Nelson previously served in the Florida Legislature, Congress and as state Treasurer and Insurance Commissioner.
 
Date: August 20, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: social security
Context: remarks at a campaign event
Fact-check justification: Every version of Ryan’s plan maintains this age limit. Nelson had a point that Mack has supported Ryan’s plans for private or personal accounts in the Social Security program. But his comments gave the  impression to a roomful of seniors that it would have affected them. A constant in Ryan’s budget proposals is the exclusion of senior citizens to any changes in the current system. We rate this statement .
Statement: Donald Trump is "announcing tomorrow that the US is going into quarantine for the next 14 days.
Speaker: chain message
About the speaker: Anonymous chain messages often circulate on platforms like iMessage, WhatsApp, Snapchat and Facebook Messenger during major news events.
Date: March 16, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a text
Fact-check justification: And decisions are usually left up to states and localities. We reached out to the CDC for comment on the chain message, but we haven’t heard back. The chain message is . We rate it . If you receive a chain message that you want us to fact-check, send a screenshot to [email protected] .
Statement: The largest tax increase that we have ever had in our state is yours – it is the business margins tax that you signed, governor.
Speaker: kay bailey hutchison
About the speaker: Kay Bailey Hutchison, initially elected to the U.S. Senate in 1993, did not seek re-election in 2012. She ran for governor in 2010, losing the Republican nomination to incumbent Rick Perry.
Date: January 14, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: corporations;economy;small business;taxes
Context: a Republican gubernatorial debate
Fact-check justification: First, the franchise tax that Perry signed did not result in an $8.8 billion increase in tax revenue. Second, it appears that previous revisions of the sales tax have resulted in larger revenue increases. Third, examined on a percentage basis, the new franchise tax didn't set a revenue record. Hutchison bit off more than she could chew with her campaign rhetoric. Her  that the expansion of the business franchise tax represents the largest increase in state history is .
Statement: Donald Trump himself wrote a book where he was talking about the need to increase the age of eligibility for Social Security to 70.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: May 5, 2023
Location: national
Topics: social security;florida
Context: an interview with Newsmax
Fact-check justification: DeSantis said, "Donald Trump himself wrote a book where he was talking about the need to increase the age of eligibility for Social Security to 70." Trump’s 2000 book stated, "We can also raise the age for receipt of full Social Security benefits to seventy. This proposal would not include anyone who is currently retired or about to retire."  Though in his book, Trump did propose raising the age for full Social Security benefits to 70, this has not been his position for years. DeSantis also left out details about how Trump’s old proposal would work. We rate this statement .  PolitiFact Researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this fact-check. RELATED : When will Social Security sunset? Barring congressional changes, money will deplete by 2034 RELATED : Rep. Ron DeSantis backed raising Social Security and Medicare age; Gov. DeSantis has different tack RELATED : Trump proposed cuts, but Congress didn’t bite RELATED : Fact-checking 2024 presidential candidates, who’s running
Statement: Swing State Hit With 2020 Voting Lawsuit - Accused Of Registering Over 1,500 Deceased People In Pennsylvania.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 28, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;pennsylvania
Context: a news article
Fact-check justification: The Patriot Journal headline stated that a swing state had been accused of registering hundreds of dead Pennsylvanians to vote.  The  gets some critical facts . The lawsuit was filed against county elections officials, not the state. And the complaint doesn’t allege registration of the dead. It alleges that the county officials haven’t done enough to remove deceased voters from the rolls. We rate this statement .  This story has been updated to reflect that while the nonprofit behind the lawsuit has warned about states pushing noncitizens onto their voter rolls, the lawsuits the group files are not explicitly designed to stop an alien invasion at the ballot box.
Statement: That was the largest audience to witness an inauguration, period.
Speaker: sean spicer
About the speaker: Sean Spicer is former press secretary to President Donald Trump. Previously, he was the communications director for the Republican National Committee.
Date: January 21, 2017
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Spicer said, "That was the largest audience to witness an inauguration, period." To support his , Spicer offered a few pieces of  or  . He said that floor coverings highlighting empty spaces on the National Mall were not used for previous inaugurations, but these were in place for Obama’s 2013 inauguration. He claimed metro ridership was higher for Trump’s inaugural than for Obama’s 2013 inaugural, but he compared numbers for the morning of Obama’s inaugural to the whole day for Trump’s. Spicer suggested 720,000 attended Trump’s inauguration, while organizers said they expected 700,000 to 900,000, and Trump himself estimated 1.5 million. All of those figures are less than the 1.8 million people who attended Obama’s 2009 inaugural. We rate Spicer’s  .
Statement: Says James Langevin voted to spend "$3 billion for a jet engine no one wants.
Speaker: mark s. zaccaria
About the speaker: Mark Zaccaria is a Rhode Island Republican who ran unsuccessfully for one of the state's U.S. Senate seats in 2014. He also made two unsuccessful bids for Rhode Island's 2nd Congressional District, the most recent in 2010. He is a former chairman of the Rhode Island Republican Party. Born in 1949, he is a former corporate executive who operates a business-to-business marketing consulting business. A former Air Force instructor pilot, he served two terms on the North Kingstown Town Council and four years on the local zoning board. He is married with three children.
Date: October 1, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;federal budget;military;voting record
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: " It's  that many oppose the F136 engine, including Gates and President Obama. And it's  that Langevin voted to support it. But Zaccaria went further, inflating the price tag associated with the vote and asserting that "no one" wants it, when a majority of House members were in favor of keeping it. His statement is .