chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Exit polls indicate that Democrats get over 70 percent of LGBT votes in federal elections.
Speaker: mark hinkle
About the speaker: Mark Hinkle, past chairman of California's Libertarian Party, recalls voting for the Libertarian Party candidate for president as long ago as 1972 on a biography posted on a Hinkle campaign website. He's also a retired engineer, the online post says.
Date: September 23, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: bipartisanship;elections;lgbtq
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: "Republicans have voted en masse against every proposed change in favor of gay rights, and in most cases have blocked movement on this legislation. (One way to think about this: if every Democratic member of Congress had instead been a Libertarian in this session, we still would have had the same standstill outcome.)" Perhaps, but we're not testing which party would best advance an agenda in this article. We rate the Libertarian Party's 70-percent-plus statement as . This article has been updated to correct the year that Sen. John Kerry was the presidential nominee.
Statement: Says the lines on the signature Solo cup are actually markings to designate various measurements.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 28, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An old hoax has resurfaced on social media, claiming that the lines on the original Solo cup were created to designate specific measurements. While the measurements aren’t completely off, the specific placement of the lines on the original Solo cup had several purposes, such as better grip, stacking and sturdiness. We rate this  .
Statement: (President Barack Obama) said unemployment was never gonna go over 8 percent if we passed the stimulus plan.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: February 26, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: stimulus
Context: an interview on CBS News’ "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: During his "Face the Nation" interview, Christie repeated the GOP talking point that Obama "said unemployment was never gonna go over 8 percent if we passed the stimulus plan." As PolitiFact has determined numerous times before, neither Obama personally nor his administration never made such a promise. Two economic advisers offered that projection, but stressed repeatedly that their estimates were subject to considerable "uncertainty." Although Christie's statement represents a gross exaggeration, it contains an element of . That's why this  is rated . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/bc2a6c75-dc32-491f-a41b-65820cee2611
Statement: Under Philip Levine, Miami Beach "passed a resolution to ban assault rifles, which was not enforceable and never enforced. He passed a resolution to raise the minimum wage, which actually no one got the benefit of because it was not enforced.
Speaker: andrew gillum
About the speaker: Andrew Gillum won the Florida primary for governor in August 2018 and lost the November election to Ron DeSantis. He is a former mayor of Tallahassee and member of the Tallahassee city commission.
Date: June 20, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Gillum said Levine "passed a resolution to ban assault rifles, which was not enforceable," and passed "a resolution to raise the minimum wage, which actually no one got the benefit of because it was not enforced." Gillum’s  is largely accurate. He could have been more precise in describing the legislative action Miami Beach took, but his general idea for both initiatives is accurate. The assault weapon "ban" that Levine talks about was a symbolic resolution, not an actual ban. And the minimum wage increase was struck down before taking effect in 2018. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Gov. Scott Walker has "led people to believe that if Wisconsin doesn't implement a (health-care) exchange, Obamacare doesn't happen here.
Speaker: jon erpenbach
About the speaker: Jon Erpenbach is a Democratic member of the Wisconsin state Senate. He was elected to a Madison-area district in 1998.
Date: November 16, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;health care;state budget
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: They are thrilled that Walker did what he did, in part for that reason. But Walker for the most part clearly cast his rhetoric about "stopping" the law in terms of the Supreme Court case and the election. And he has  made it clear that no state exchange would instead mean a federal exchange -- not no Obamacare. An exception was his January 2012 remarks, which coupled some heated language about stopping the law with his decision to punt the exchange to the federal government. That gives Erpenbach’s  an element of accuracy, but we rate his  .
Statement: In almost every state with an income tax, wealthy people pay a higher tax rate than the middle class.
Speaker: think big illinois
About the speaker: Think Big Illinois is an advocacy group that supports replacing Illinois' flat-rate income tax with a graduated rate structure. 
Date: April 16, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: taxes
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Think Big Illinois’ ad claims that, "in almost every state with an income tax, wealthy people pay a higher tax rate than the middle class." A spokeswoman for the Pritzker-backed group noted that Illinois is one of just nine states that tax income at a flat rate. Images that accompany the ad hint at that, but the narration ignores any nuance. Even by the most conservative definition, there are 19 states with income taxes that do not apply higher rates to the earnings of the wealthy — nine flat tax states and 10 with graduated taxes with rates that top out at income below $25,000. Add in another eight states where top rates for married couples kick in somewhere between $31,000 and $104,000 and the Think Big  becomes even more dubious. That means far from "almost every" income-taxing state levies a higher rate on top earners, earning this  a rating of .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: This year, the federal government will have more revenue than any year in the history of our country.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: October 6, 2013
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget;taxes
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Boehner said that this year, the federal government "will have more revenue than any year in the history of our country." That’s  for raw dollars, but raw dollars aren’t an especially useful measurement for analyzing long periods of history, because inflation, population growth and economic expansion almost inevitably make the most recent year the largest ever. A more reliable method -- revenue as a percentage of GDP -- actually shows that revenues today are historically low compared to most of the past six decades. We rate Boehner’s  .
Statement: Pathogens evolve to become less, not more, virulent over time" because otherwise, "they'd destroy their hosts which they depend on to live.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 28, 2021
Topics: corrections and updates;science;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that pathogens evolve to become less virulent over time, because otherwise, "they’d destroy their hosts which they depend on to live." Viruses can evolve to become both more or less virulent over time, and do not necessarily require the survival of their host to maximize their transmission. This post cherry-picks examples to make a generalization that ignores the wide swath of epidemiological and laboratory  showing that pathogens can evolve to become more lethal. We rate this statement . CORRECTION:  This story was updated Jan. 11, 2022, to remove two sentences about malaria. It is a disease caused by a parasite, not a virus.
Statement: In Ohio, "there are 75,000 acres of farmland, fertile farmland, that are all now being poured down with acid rain.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 19, 2023
Location: ohio
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that In Ohio, "there are 75,000 acres of farmland, fertile farmland, that are all now being poured down with acid rain." The Ohio Department of Agriculture told PolitiFact it had no reason to believe the train derailment caused acid rain to pour down on farmland. An atmospheric scientist plotted trajectories for how air molecules in and around the incident site could have traveled when the train derailed and when the controlled burn began, and concluded that the likelihood of toxic acid rain in Ohio was "essentially nonexistent." We rate this  . ​
Statement: A CNN chyron said, "Antifa has just taken responsibility for storming Capital Hill.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 7, 2021
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A spokesperson for CNN told PolitiFact that the chyron was doctored and that the news network did not report this. Those words do not appear in the original broadcast, as this photo published by The Dispatch Fact Check shows.   We rate this Facebook post .   This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Vladimir Putin "ended the Rothschild's control over Russia by nationalizing the Russian centralized bank.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 14, 2018
Topics: foreign policy;facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says Putin "ended the Rothschild's control over Russia by nationalizing the Russian centralized bank." Putin did not nationalize the Russian centralized bank; that occurred in 1917.  does not support the  that the Rothschild family had control over Russia. The family’s banking business has had an office in Russia since the 1990s — though it recently suspended operations — but it has no oversight over the country’s currency or monetary policies, which are controlled by the Bank of Russia. We rate this  .
Statement: More preschoolers are shot dead each year than police officers are in the line of duty.
Speaker: nicholas kristof
About the speaker: Nicholas Kristof is a columnist for the New York Times who frequently writes about international development issues.
Date: October 3, 2015
Topics: punditfact;guns
Context: a New York Times op-ed
Fact-check justification: Kristof said that more preschoolers are shot dead each year than are on-duty police officers. For children aged 0-4, that is accurate for the past six years. For children aged 3-5, the statement is  in most years, but not in every year. We rate the  .
Statement: Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders have the identical position on health care, which is they want to put the government in charge of you and your doctor.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: January 31, 2016
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: comments on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Cruz said, "Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders have the identical position on health care, which is they want to put the government in charge of you and your doctor." While Trump, Clinton and Sanders have all proposed to reduce prescription drug prices, that one policy is a far cry from having "the identical position on health care." Cruz’s description of that position (putting the government in charge of you and your doctor) can only reasonably be applied to Sanders’ single-payer system. Clinton has proposed specific ways to defend and expand Obama’s health care law. Trump, whose exact plan is unclear, has said repeatedly that he’d repeal and replace Obamacare with a market-based alternative. To suggest that Trump, Clinton and Sanders have the same health care proposal is . There are many specific differences between the three plans. We rate Cruz’s statement .
Statement: Says Barack Obama complained that Democrats continue to ignore blacks except at election time.
Speaker:  great america alliance
About the speaker: Great America Alliance is the 501c4 arm of Great America PAC, a political action committee supportive of President Donald Trump.
Date: June 18, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: elections;negative campaigning
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: Great America Alliance said that Obama complained that Democrats continue to ignore blacks except at election time. Obama did say the words used in the ad, but they weren’t his. He was quoting a Chicago barber talking about the days before African-Americans in Chicago helped elect the city’s first black mayor. The full text from Obama’s book shows that he was arguing that voting can make a difference. Nothing in the section suggests that he thinks Democrats today only pay attention to blacks at election time. We rate this  !
Statement: Human activity is not "causing these dramatic changes to our climate.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: May 11, 2014
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;corrections and updates;energy;science
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Rubio said human activity is not "causing these dramatic changes to our climate." An overwhelming majority of scientists agree that humans, by burning fossil fuels, contribute directly to global warming. Not only is Rubio , but he’s ignoring a mountain of concrete, scientific research. We rate his  . CORRECTION : This story was updated on May 15 to clarify that 97.1 percent of the studies that took a position on global warming agreed that there's been a negative human impact on the atmosphere; more than half the studies did not take a position. Also, the story clarifies that the 2013 report looked at studies, not individual scientists.
Statement: 90% of Americans, regardless of political party, want universal background checks.
Speaker: steve kerr
About the speaker: Steve Kerr became the head coach of the Golden State Warriors in 2014. Kerr played 15 seasons in the NBA (Suns, Cavaliers, Magic, Bulls, Spurs, & Trail Blazers). 
Date: May 24, 2022
Location: national
Topics: congress;guns;texas
Context: remarks to the media
Fact-check justification: But among Republicans, we found some polls suggesting their support is closer to the 80% range, slightly less than Kerr suggested. We rate this statement . RELATED : Buttigieg on point that majority of Republicans support background checks RELATED : Biden Promise Tracker: Legislation to require background checks for all gun sales stalls RELATED : All of our fact-checks about guns
Statement: Says Jeff Stone = Scott Walker.
Speaker: chris abele
About the speaker: Chris Abele is Milwaukee County Executive, a position he won in an April 2011 special election to finish out the final year of the term of Scott Walker, who was elected governor in November 2010. The election was the first attempt at political office for Abele, a Milwaukee philanthropist and business owner.
The office is nonpartisan, but Abele has indicated he is a Democrat.
Date: March 18, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;state budget;taxes
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Abele’s strongest  comes from Stone himself, who has aligned himself closely with Walker’s agenda and politics. Their voting histories are very similar, and they win very similar ratings from interest groups. They are not indistinguishable, though: The transit issue illustrates Stone’s willingness to step out from Republican orthodoxy and work behind the scenes in a bipartisan fashion -- neither of which are Walker trademarks. Stone’s business experience is a notable biographical difference. In the end, Abele’s equation (Stone = Walker) scores out as .
Statement: Surveys of teens in high school reveal that knowing a classmate who sells cannabis is 90 times more common than knowing a classmate who sells alcohol.
Speaker: james crowley
About the speaker: James  P.  Crowley, M.D., of East Providence, is a member and a former president of the Rhode Island Medical Society and professor emeritus of medicine at Brown University.
Date: December 6, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: children;drugs;education;crime;polls and public opinion;public health;pundits;marijuana
Context: The Providence Journal
Fact-check justification: James P. Crowley wrote that "Surveys of teens in high school reveal that knowing a classmate who sells cannabis is 90 times more common than knowing a classmate who sells alcohol." But he could only cite one survey, and we couldn’t find any others that asked the same question. One data point does not a trend make. In addition, his statement suggests that the findings of this survey reflect the results from all students polled. It doesn’t. It only looked at the subset of students who said they knew of someone who sold drugs in school.   Because the statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, we rate it  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, email us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: Says the diversity visa lottery program is "a Chuck Schumer beauty.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 1, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;terrorism
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said the diversity visa lottery program is "a Chuck Schumer beauty." Schumer did introduce legislation, 27 years ago, that included initial language establishing the diversity visa lottery. However, Schumer was hardly the only politician with a role in its passage. The bill was signed by a Republican president, and the final version of the legislation received majority Republican support in both chambers of Congress, In fact, McConnell and several other Republicans still in office voted for the bill. Moreover, Trump’s tweet ignores that Schumer, just four years ago, worked to pass a bill that would have ended the lottery, but it died due to Republican opposition in the House. We rate the statement .
Statement: If the sequester hits, "hundreds of thousands of Americans will lose access to primary care and preventive care like flu vaccinations and cancer screenings.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 19, 2013
Location: national
Topics: children;federal budget;health care;public health
Context: Washington, D.C
Fact-check justification: Obama said that if the sequester hits, "hundreds of thousands of Americans will lose access to primary care and preventive care like flu vaccinations and cancer screenings." Obama's words could have left the impression that primary care services overall will be lost, rather than flu shots or cancer screenings alone. Still, we found that one widely cited estimate found that sequester cuts to two programs alone would leave 246,000 people without the types of services Obama mentioned. There’s a lot of uncertainty about these numbers for a variety of reasons, meaning the actual number could be lower or higher. But even at the low end, it’s pretty close to "hundreds of thousands." So we rate the  .
Statement: Says Jeb Bush tweeted "Ok boomer" at Donald Trump.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 4, 2019
Topics: pop culture;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Searching on Twitchy , which keeps tabs on high-profile people who delete their tweets, we didn’t find  that Bush tweeted and then deleted. We also didn’t find any  searching for echoes of the tweet more broadly online. Finally, we searched the Nexis news archive for "Jeb Bush" and "Donald Trump" and "Ok boomer" and got no matches. If a lawmaker in New Zealand unknown to many Americans can draw U.S. media attention for saying "OK boomer," we expect Jeb Bush would as well.   Please clap : We rate this Facebook post .