chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says "a lip-reading instructor at the River School, a Washington, D.C., school for the deaf" has determined that during 9/11 ceremonies, Michelle Obama said, "All this for a damn flag.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: June 26, 2012
Location: national
Topics: patriotism
Context: a message forwarded to many people
Fact-check justification: Like many chain emails we've checked, this one is so flimsy that it needs to fabricate its credibility. Critics of Obama are free to speculate about the first lady's words, but the "damn flag" translation was not done by anyone at the River School. So we give this one a nod of disapproval -- and a !
Statement: The (Jackson) plan (for reforming Cleveland schools) lacks any data or methods proven to raise student achievement.
Speaker: ohio federation of teachers
About the speaker: The Ohio Federation of Teachers represents more than 20,000 members in more than 50 locals across Ohio. Its members include include public education employees, higher education faculty and support staff and other public workers.
Date: March 12, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: education
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: For PolitiFact Ohio, a key part of that statement is "lacks any." While the specific approach Jackson mapped out for Cleveland hasn’t been proven, it does clearly contain elements that researchers suggest may work — at least in some cases -- such as merit pay for teachers, greater flexibility for schools in how they go about their business and longer school days or school year. While the teacher federation leader’s statement contains some element of  — there’s no specific study or data that proves definitively that Jackson’s approach will raise student achievement — it ignores critical facts about the successes that have resulted in some places that have tried some of the elements of Jackson’s plan. Those details could give a listener a different impression. On the -O-Meter, the  by the Ohio Federation of Teachers rates .
Statement: On the day of the Dec. 6 runoff, "armed groups of Black Panthers" were "reportedly patrolling certain voting locations" in Georgia.
Speaker: kelly loeffler
About the speaker: Kelly Loeffler is a former U.S. Senator from Georgia.
Date: December 6, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Loeffler tweeted that on the day of the Dec. 6 runoff, "armed groups of Black Panthers" were "reportedly patrolling certain voting locations" in Georgia. Loeffler referred to statements the group made the day before Election Day saying it planned to send armed patrols to voting sites.  The New Black Panthers later said they showed up at voting sites in Brunswick and Savannah, but ultimately decided against armed patrols because they did not want to intimidate voters. Officials in multiple counties, the secretary of state’s office and voting rights groups said they received no reports of armed Black Panthers at voting sites on Election Day. We also found no news reports or video footage to support the . We rate this statement .  RELATED : Most states don’t explicitly ban guns at polls. Some lawmakers want to change that RELATED : What Raphael Warnock's win means for Democrats' Senate advantage PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird and PolitiFact reporter Yacob Reyes contributed to this article.
Statement: After Texas defunded Planned Parenthood, both the unintended pregnancy and abortion rates dropped.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: August 25, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: abortion;women
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Abbott said: "After Texas defunded Planned Parenthood, both the Unintended Pregnancy & Abortion Rates Dropped." Abortions were already declining before the described defunding while data directly gauging unintended pregnancy rates since the defunding don’t yet exist. So, half this  draws on cherry-picked statistics, the other half lacks factual backup and the full statement implies causation, which is unproved. We rate this declaration .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Study what General Pershing of the United States did to terrorists when caught. There was no more Radical Islamic Terror for 35 years!
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 17, 2017
Location: national
Topics: history;terrorism
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said that Pershing stopped "radical Islamic terror" for 35 years. Of the eight historians we checked with the first time we heard Trump speak about Pershing, all were at least skeptical that the specific tales of Pershing actually took place, and some expressed disbelief even more forcefully than that. But more critically, the historians took issue with Trump’s suggestion that the tactic -- if it was even used at all -- actually worked to end tensions, noting that unrest persisted for years. Trump’s  rates .
Statement: Taxpayer-funded benefits to illegals" in California are "a skyrocketing cost under Obamacare.
Speaker: steve poizner
About the speaker: Steve Poizner is the former state insurance commissioner of California. He was a Republican candidate for governor in 2010, losing in the primary to Meg Whitman.
Date: April 10, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;candidate biography;elections;federal budget;health care;message machine 2010;poverty
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: And that amount seems destined to rise, judging by the recent history of inflation in the health care sector and perhaps an increase in the number of illegal immigrants residing in the state. So the state's burden for providing health care to illegal immigrants may go up, but it is not accurate for the Poizner campaign to blame that development either on the new federal health care law or on the Democratic president who pushed for it. The new federal law specifically prevents illegal immigrants from benefitting, and most of the additional indirect costs that might be expected from expanding the Medicaid rolls are already being paid in California by different state or local government accounts. For these reasons, the phrase "a skyrocketing cost under Obamacare" is a gross exaggeration. We rate the statement .
Statement: In 2018, when he ran for senator, "young voter turnout in early voting was up 500%. We won more votes than any Democrat has in the history of the state of Texas.
Speaker: beto o'rourke
About the speaker: Beto O’Rourke is a former representative of Texas’s 16th Congressional District. He represented the district from 2013 until 2019, when he gave up his seat to run a senate campaign against incumbent Ted Cruz, which O’Rourke lost. He received a bachelor’s degree in English literature from Columbia University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: June 13, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: elections
Context: an interview with Stephen Colbert
Fact-check justification: O’Rourke said that in 2018 when he ran for senator, "young voter turnout in early voting was up 500%. We won more votes than any Democrat has in the history of the state of Texas." His assertion about young voter turnout is backed up by an analysis of state election data by the firm TargetSmart. And he’s correct that no Democrat has ever won more raw votes in a Texas statewide election than he has, an accomplishment achieved through a combination of his own electoral success, a pro-Democratic environment in 2018, and Texas’ rapid population growth in recent years. We rate his statement .
Statement: Rhode Island is leading our nation in foreclosures.
Speaker: theresa price
About the speaker: Theresa Price is a board member of Direction Action for Rights and Equality (DARE).
Date: December 10, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: bankruptcy;economy;housing;government regulation;poverty;states
Context: a speech during a rally on homelessness
Fact-check justification: In the push to rally support for legislation to fight homelessness, DARE official Theresa Price said, "Rhode Island is leading our nation in foreclosures." Clearly that's not the case. Other states consistently have worse rates when it comes to foreclosures, although Rhode Island's -- whether you look at new foreclosures, ongoing foreclosures or delinquent payments -- are well above the national average. If Price had said we lead New England, that statement would not have been clearly  either. Depending on how the data are collected, people in other nearby states may face a greater foreclosure threat. Ryczek, of the Coalition for the Homeless, gave a more accurate characterization of the New England figures after the fact. But, in her speech to hundreds of people outside the State House, Price wasn’t talking about New England. She was talking about the United States. Her fallacious foreclosure factoid is  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: The health care reform plan being proposed in Congress would mean "big tax increases.
Speaker: u.s. chamber of commerce
About the speaker: From the chamber's Web site: "The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is the world's largest business federation representing 3 million businesses of all sizes, sectors, and regions, as well as state and local chambers and industry associations. More than 96% of U.S. Chamber members are small businesses with 100 employees or fewer."
Date: August 12, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: That's  for some high earners. But it's not  for the vast majority of people who do not make that level of income. Uninsured people who decline to purchase insurance will see a tax hit, but that's also expected to be a small minority. Things may change as these bills seek to solve the question of paying for the plan, but as the plans are now, some people would see a big tax increase, but most would not. That leaves us at a .
Statement: Says Dr. Anthony Fauci's name appears on "4 U.S. patents for a key glycoprotein" used to "create the current COVID-19 epidemic.
Speaker: jerome r. corsi
About the speaker: Jerome R. Corsi is the author of The Obama Nation: Leftist Politics and the Cult of Personality. He is a senior staff writer for the conservative news Web site WorldNetDaily.com. In 2004, he co-authored a book attacking Democratic nominee John Kerry, Unfit for Command: Swift Boat Veterans Speak Out Against John Kerry.
Date: April 28, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: Corsi’s article claims that Fauci’s name appears on four patents for a protein that was used to create the novel coronavirus. That’s . Three of the patents that Corsi identified are active and owned by the Department of Health and Human Services. But they are unrelated to the coronavirus pandemic. They deal with a potential treatment for HIV that NIAID researchers studied in 2008. Fauci is listed as an author on that study and as one of the inventors on the patents. There is no credible  that COVID-19 is related to HIV or was created in a lab. The coronavirus’ genetic makeup precludes the possibility that it was man-made. And Fauci is helping lead the U.S. response to the pandemic. The article is . We rate it .
Statement: Our race was the closest U.S. Senate race in Ohio in 36 years -- when Howard Metzenbaum defeated Robert Taft in 1976.
Speaker: josh mandel
About the speaker: Josh Mandel, a Republican from Lyndhurst, is a Marine veteran who served two tours in Iraq. He served as Ohio treasurer from 2011 to 2019.  Before that, he was a state representative from the 17th Ohio House District. He unsuccessfully challenged Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 US Senate race. Mandel is running for the GOP nomination for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat in 2022.
Date: November 16, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: elections
Context: an email to supporters
Fact-check justification: Before his two tight contests with Metzenbaum, he lost his first bid for the Senate in an even closer race. In 1964, the year of Lyndon Johnson's presidential landslide over Barry Goldwater, Taft lost to incumbent Democrat Stephen Young by just 0.5 percent. It was Ohio's closest Senate election of the last half century. PolitiFact Ohio found the history interesting. On the -O-Meter, Mandel’s statement rates .
Statement: This is the first time in the history that we've had the raising of a debt limit also with spending cuts.
Speaker: allen west
About the speaker: Allen West announced in July 2021 that he is running for the Republican primary for Texas governor. He served for about a year as chairman of the Texas Republican Party, stepping down in June 2021. West represented Florida's 22nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013. Lieutenant Colonel West retired from the Army in 2004 after 22 years of service.
Date: July 27, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget;history
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: The 1997 agreement would not meet that criteria. Even if that's what he meant, that's not how West phrased his statement on CNN. West said, "This is the first time in the history that we've had the raising of a debt limit also with spending cuts." We found that the 1997 budget agreement raised the debt ceiling and also included spending cuts. So we rate his statement .
Statement: A lot of the problems with forest fires ... is because of bad policy (not to clear out the forests) that was put in place by environmentalists.
Speaker: dana perino
About the speaker: Dana Perino is the former press secretary to President George W. Bush. She now is a Fox News commentator and co-host of "The Five."
Date: April 22, 2014
Topics: environment;natural disasters ;weather;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "The Five" on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Perino said, "A lot of the problems with forest fires is because of bad policy that was put in place by environmentalists." The crux of this fact-check really comes down to how you define "a lot." While the record shows that the need for environmental impact statements and legal challenges have a significant impact on Forest Service projects on federal lands, the connection to the extreme fires of the past 15 years is less certain. Where we found broad consensus is that decades of aggressively putting out every fire as quickly as possible, and the use of land for grazing, created circumstances where the forests are brimming with fuel. That in conjunction with extended dry periods have turned them into tinderboxes. The federal strategy to remove that fuel runs up against budget constraints. The limited money is a much greater constraint than environmental policies. In the end, experts acknowledge that environmental policies are an issue, but they generally tip the scale toward other factors when assigning blame. Perino’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate her  . Update: The Forest Service drew funds from other programs over a 10-year period to pay for fire suppression. A previous version of this fact-check was unclear on this point..
Statement: Incoming House Speaker Dean Cannon and incoming Senate President Mike Haridopolos have said they plan to champion efforts next legislative session to allow oil rigs off Florida's coast.
Speaker: progress florida
About the speaker: Progress Florida is a liberal public interest group based in St. Petersburg, Fla.
Date: May 3, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: environment;energy;oil spill
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Cannon said he will not push drilling during his two years as Speaker. “An accident like this hasn’t happened in my adult lifetime,” he said. “I doubt we’re going to get adequate answers [as to the cause] in two years, and as a matter of term limits, I’m done in two years. So as far as I’m concerned, it’s off the table.”
Statement: Only sign outside Bucks County voting place. Democrats shown, republicans blurred out. … More scamming in Pennsylvania!
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: November 3, 2020
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;elections;facebook fact-checks;pennsylvania
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: A tweet said that there was scamming taking place at a Pennsylvania poll. The  was a sign of a sample Democratic ballot. Such sample ballots are commonplace at polls, and Republicans were handing their versions as flyers. Democrats chose to use signs out of concern for COVID-19. The sign followed the election rules and there is no  it was within 10 feet of the polls. We rate this  . CORRECTION, Nov. 4, 10:40 a.m.: The signs photographed by a local reporter were at a different precinct in the same community in Bucks County. The sign contents were identical. We corrected this piece to clarify the polling location.
Statement: America's least-trusted news sources are also its most popular.
Speaker: leonard pitts, jr.
About the speaker: Leonard Pitts, Jr. is a syndicated columnist for the Miami Herald and a novelist. In 2004, Pitts won the Pulizter Prize for commentary.
Date: November 1, 2014
Topics: polls and public opinion;pundits;punditfact
Context: the "Miami Herald"
Fact-check justification: Pitts said America’s least-trusted news sources are also its most popular ones and focused on the Rush Limbaugh Show on radio and Fox News on cable. According to the survey Pitts used, Limbaugh’s program is indeed the least-trusted news source. However, comparing the size of the gap between people who trust to those who distrust a source, Fox News falls in the middle of the pack. In terms of popularity, Fox News clearly is the most popular channel in its genre and the Rush Limbaugh Show  is likely the most popular radio talk show (or at least very close to it). Pitts’ assessment also obscures the enormous reach of network television news. The lowest-performing network, CBS, has an audience three times that of Fox News. Pitts makes some valid points but he leaves out information that might lead someone to reach a different conclusion. We rate his  .
Statement: In 2009, pre-Hillary, ISIS was not even on the map.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 21, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: foreign policy;terrorism
Context: a speech at the Republican convention
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "In 2009, pre-Hillary, ISIS was not even on the map." The terrorist group known as ISIS was, in fact, on the map five years before Clinton became secretary of state. It was operating under a different name. There were several factors that allowed ISIS to gain strength, including the intervention in Libya, an Obama decision that she supported, and the Iraq invasion, which she voted for as a U.S. senator. But Trump misleads when he pins the rise of ISIS solely on Clinton. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/6ed72ab5-5513-4aa0-90ed-d2e0fea088bb
Statement: The governor has made a "commitment to billions of dollars in debt and new spending without any explanation of how he plans to pay that money back.
Speaker: brian moran
About the speaker: Brian J. Moran was named the public safety secretary for incoming Gov. Terry McAuliffe.
Moran was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1996 until 2008, representing Alexandria. He ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 2009, losing to state Sen. Creigh Deeds. Moran was elected chairman of the Democratic Party of Virginia in late 2010.
Moran was born in Nantick, Mass. He attended Framingham State University in Massachusetts and later earned a law degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., in 1988.
Date: January 12, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: transportation
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Let’s review. Moran said the governor made "a commitment to billions of dollars in debt and new spending without any explanation of how he plans to pay the money back." With little effort, we found the explanation in five places easily available to Moran before he made his statement: When we called Moran, he didn’t try to defend his . It’s  for Moran to say he was in the dark. We rate his : .
Statement: There have been more illegal encounters under Biden than the previous two administrations combined.
Speaker: tim scott
About the speaker: Tim Scott, a South Carolina Republican senator, announced he is running for president in May 2023. He joined the Senate in 2013. Scott was previously elected to the Charleston County Council, the South Carolina House of Representatives and the United States House of Representatives.
Date: July 11, 2023
Topics: immigration;border security
Context: a post on X, formerly Twitter
Fact-check justification: "  Immigration data changed in March 2020, complicating an exact data comparison across administrations. However, the available data doesn’t support his , either. Nationwide and southwest border data shows there have been fewer enforcement actions under Biden than under Trump and Obama combined. Scott’s calculation also used inconsistent metrics and cast a wider net for Biden than for the other two presidents. Given the flaws in the math, we rate this  .
Statement: We borrow $4 billion every single day, much of it from China.
Speaker: clint eastwood
About the speaker: The film star spoke at the 2012 Republican National Convention and appeared in TV commercials in support of Mitt Romney.
Date: October 24, 2012
Location: national
Topics: china;debt;economy;federal budget;foreign policy;message machine 2012
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Eastwood, speaking in a recent American Crossroads ad, warns that, "We borrow $4 billion every single day, much of it from China." That amount is the rough daily average of all U.S. debt added since Obama took office, including the type the government owes itself. It’s not the current rate, which has been somewhat lower. And while China is the No. 1 foreign holder of U.S. securities, it purchased less than 10 percent of that debt. This  is only partly accurate. We rate it .