chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Rep. Robert Hurt voted again today to end Medicare and raise health care costs for Virginia seniors.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: June 1, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: federal budget;medicare
Context: an e-mail
Fact-check justification: The DCCC says Hurt voted "to end Medicare and raise health care costs for Virginia seniors." Hurt has indeed cast votes for the Ryan plan, which would substantially alter Medicare for many Americans. But beyond that, the DCCC statement falls apart. The Ryan plan would not end Medicare for anyone. The government would continue to help all older Americans pay for their medical bills. And the plan would not mean any change in costs of services for 92 percent of the people who now receive Medicare. So the blanket statement that it would raise the cost for seniors is . The fact that 8 percent might see higher costs does not support the DCCC’s blanket statement that health care costs will rise for seniors. For younger Americans, there would still be a universal program that helps them pay for health care when they reach retirement age through payments to help buy private insurance. They would face higher out-of-pocket costs than those insured under the current plan. The DCCC knows this but seems intent on scaring seniors. We rate its  .
Statement: Dr. Birx "changes tune on" COVID-19 vaccines and "admits vaccines don't work.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 25, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Birx's full comments show she said she believes the vaccines do work and people should get them. PolitiFact found no record of Birx stating the vaccine could provide complete protection against infection. During the initial vaccine rollout, Birx said it was unclear the level of immunity that the vaccine provided.   In subsequent interviews, she said a multipronged approach is needed to prevent the virus’ spread. We rate this  .
Statement: Female students at UVA "have a 20 percent chance of being sexually assaulted.
Speaker: richard saslaw
About the speaker: Richard L. Saslaw, D-35th, joined the Virginia Senate in 1980. The district is composed of portions of Fairfaix, Alexandria and Falls Church. He previously served in the House of Delegates beginning in 1976. Saslaw has been the Democratic leader of the Senate since 1996, currently as minority leader. He sits on the Rules, FInance, Education and Health, Courts of Justice and Commerce and Labor committees.
Saslaw ran unsuccessfully for a U.S. House seat in 1984. He has owned several successful gasoline and automobile service businesses. 
Saslaw served in the U.S. Army from 1958 to 1960 and earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Maryland in 1965.
Date: November 24, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: crime;public safety
Context: a presentation
Fact-check justification: Saslaw says a female student attending U.Va. has a 20 percent chance of being sexually assaulted. Saslaw bases his  on a Rolling Stone article about an alleged gang rape at UVa that said nationally, "one in five women is sexually assaulted in college." Rolling Stone didn’t cite a source, but the statistic is commonly used and is often based on a 2007 federal survey of women at two unnamed colleges. A few other studies have come up with comparable results. The key fact here is that none of the studies, as far as we know, examined U.Va. The university says it plans to start surveying its students next year to quantify incidences of sexual misconduct. Saslaw applies the 20 percent figure to U.Va. without any hard information and his comment suggests that the statistic is unique to the university. We’re not downplaying the issue of sexual assaults at U.Va., a problem that’s been repeatedly acknowledged by Teresa Sullivan, president of the university. But there’s a burden on Saslaw to prove his  and he comes up short. We rate his statement .
Statement: Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton was "caught on tape saying he discarded 2.5 million mail-in ballots in Texas.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: June 1, 2023
Location: texas
Topics: elections
Context: a TikTok
Fact-check justification: The TikTok claimed Paxton discarded millions of mail-in ballots in Texas, but there is no  that happened. Paxton’s office mounted a successful legal challenge and prevented Harris County from sending out mail-in ballot applications. Every legal ballot cast by mail or in person during the 2020 election was counted. We rate this  . PolitiFact Researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: Between 1990 and 2013, the maternal mortality rate for women in the U.S. has increased by 136%.
Speaker: sheila jackson lee
About the speaker: Sheila Jackson Lee has represented Houston in the U.S. House of Representatives since she was first elected in 1994.
Date: December 18, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: women
Context: remarks inserted into the Congressional Record
Fact-check justification: Sheila Jackson Lee said the maternal mortality rate in the United States increased 136 percent between 1990 and 2013. A 2014 report compiled by the World Health Organization, UNICEF and The World Bank presented just that figure. However, experts agree it is  and based on a modeling method WHO no longer uses. While there has been an increase in U.S. maternal mortality in that time -- possibly due, in part, to better reporting and worsening health conditions in the general population -- experts said it was not as drastic. We rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says a photo shows Barack Obama holding a Michelle Obama 2020 t-shirt.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 29, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: I don’t think I should be president. I think I can do a lot of things, but that’s not one of them,’’ Obama said during conference in Boston in April. She’s made no public indication that she’s interested in running for any other public office. A viral image suggesting Michelle Obama is running for public office in 2020 is . We rate it !
Statement: Virginia Democrats Push Legislation to Make Criticism of Government Officials a Criminal Offense.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 22, 2020
Topics: civil rights;crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A  shared on Facebook says: "Virginia Democrats Push Legislation to Make Criticism of Government Officials a Criminal Offense." The bill spells out criminal penalties for harassment of or threats made to certain state officials. It does not affect ordinary free speech. For an attack that is  and , our rating is .
Statement: Cannibals arrested in Florida claim eating human flesh cures diabetes and depression
Speaker: themiamigazette.com
About the speaker: The Miami Gazette is a satirical site that uses real-sounding stories and details that might trick casual readers into believing the made-up stories are real. The website's satirical disclaimer does not appear until the bottom of the website. It says:
"When it comes to satirical news – we attempt to stay away from publishing anything of a political nature (unless it’s something really silly) as our intent is not to stir up political outrage or debate. We simply aim to provide an outlet for our writers and contributors to develop creative, outrageous, and 100% fictional, satirical tall-tales that our audience can enjoy reading and sharing with friends."
Date: May 30, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a fake news story
Fact-check justification: As for the suspects, we had difficulty tracking down who the men truly were, although one of them was a Georgia man named Markey Caldwell , who was arrested in 2014 for criminal trespassing. There is no place in Florida with the name Vernal Heights at all, and no reports of cannibals caught eating flesh to cure diabetes and depression. That would be big news, if . In 2012 there was a real story of "Miami Zombie" with elements of cannibalism. As for this post, it’s !
Statement: Jay-Z and Beyonce Attempt to Buy Rights to Confederate Flag to Prevent Further Use.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 9, 2015
Topics: history;punditfact
Context: a website post
Fact-check justification: Newswatch33 reported that "Jay-Z and Beyonce Attempt to Buy Rights to Confederate Flag to Prevent Further Use." The website has published dubious stories before, and this seems to be yet another fabrication. We were unable to locate the story’s main source, and the power couple’s legal teams have said nothing about the matter. It is impossible to purchase the right to the Confederate Flag, a public domain item. We rate this  !
Statement: Queen Elizabeth died because of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: September 8, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In the months since, media reported on health issues affecting the queen — especially COVID-19 — but there was nothing about a vaccine endangering her life. Older adults are more likely to get severely sick from COVID-19, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and people 65 and older who received both doses of either the Pfizer or Moderna COVID-19 vaccines showed a 94% reduced risk of being hospitalized because of the disease. Studies have shown that the vaccines are safe and that severe side effects, including death, are rare . Claims that the queen died because of the COVID-19 vaccine lack . We rate them .
Statement: We essentially repealed Obamacare because we got rid of the individual mandate ... and that was a primary source of funding of Obamacare.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: December 20, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said that repealing the individual mandate essentially repealed Obamacare and eliminated a primary source of funding for the program. Eliminating the mandate does undercut the Affordable Care Act, but it hardly repeals it. In reality, the major pieces of the Affordable Care Act remain in place. On the money side, the penalties represent less than 3 percent of the cost of the program, and other taxes directly tied to paying for Obamacare are four and five times larger. Overall, this change will be disruptive, but not terminal. It certainly does not "essentially repeal" Obamacare. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Bill Nelson's vote for the Affordable Care Act "cuts $500 billion from Medicare to pay for new government programs.
Speaker: american commitment
About the speaker: American Commitment is a conservative 501(c)4 group that supports “free markets, economic growth, Constitutionally-limited government, property rights, and individual freedom”
Date: July 5, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget;medicare;message machine 2012
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Nelson was among the 60 votes in favor of the bill on Dec. 24, 2009, providing the cloture needed to prevent the bill from being filibustered. That has drawn the ire of the bill’s opponents and conservative groups like American Commitment, which have charged all 59 Democrats and Vermont Independent Bernie Sanders all cast the "deciding vote" -- yet another  we’ve ruled  , because several other senators’ votes were much more crucial. The ruling American Commitment claims Bill Nelson voted to slash $500 billion from Medicare to fund other programs. Our previous rulings have shown that there is no vast well of money already allocated that is being cut, and the programs being funded are a part of government health care services, of which Medicare is the largest. Yet again, we rate this  as .
Statement: The nation reported adding 194,000 jobs in September, and Florida accounted for 84,500.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: October 22, 2021
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: DeSantis said, "The nation reported adding 194,000 jobs in September and Florida accounted for 84,500." The 84,500 number was an impressive showing nationally, ranking second among the states in raw job gains and first as a percentage. However, state jobs numbers are more in flux than they may seem, because they are subject to revision and bounce around a lot from month to month.  In addition, DeSantis’ numerical comparison contains a mismatch in the underlying data. The 194,000 figure is taken from a national calculation; the more accurate national figure to compare it to is 363,000. Comparing Florida’s jobs gains to the bigger but more comparable number gives Florida a smaller share of the national total. We rate the statement .
Statement: The black unemployment rate (has) increased since the recovery has begun.
Speaker: marc morial
About the speaker: Marc Morial is the president of the National Urban League, a century-old civil rights organization. He served two terms as mayor of New Orleans.
Date: July 17, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;workers
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: All told, the overall unemployment rate fell from 9.5 percent to 9.2 percent. In fact, some segments of the black labor force showed even higher rates of unemployment. For instance, the most recent unemployment rate for blacks between the ages of 16 and 24 years was 31.4 percent. We find nothing amiss in Morial’s  that "the black unemployment rate (has) increased since the recovery has begun." So we rate his statement .
Statement: DJ Mighty Mouse died because of a COVID-19 booster vaccine.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: October 27, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The National Institutes of Health said the benefits of getting vaccinated "markedly outweigh the very small risk of vaccine-related myocarditis." The NIH also said the risk of myocarditis linked with COVID-19 illness is several times greater than the risk from vaccination, and is often more serious. We don’t know what caused Ward’s aneurysm. But claims that it was a COVID-19 booster are being made without . We rate this  .
Statement: Inside the stimulus package "is anti-Christian legislation that will stop churches from using public schools for meeting on Sundays, as well as Boy Scouts and student Bible study groups.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: May 30, 2009
Location: national
Topics: economy;religion;stimulus
Context: an e-mail
Fact-check justification: In short, we haven't seen anything that supports Gingrich's  that the stimulus will stop church groups from meeting at public schools, nor Boy Scouts or Bible study groups. In fact, the clause on religion does not even apply to public schools. Inasmuch as this one seems aimed at unnecessarily inflaming the conservative Christian base, we'd like to retort with some flames of our own. We rate Gingrich's  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/2c368a99-5e22-48ad-8225-26b2da181df4
Statement: Texas has 600,000 registered voters who don't have the kind of photo ID needed to vote.
Speaker: tom "smitty" smith
About the speaker: Smith, a former Texas House aide, has been the director of the Texas office of Public Citizen since 1985.
Date: April 14, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: elections;history;states
Context: the Austin American-Statesman
Fact-check justification: Smith said: "Texas has 600,000 registered voters who don’t have the kind of photo ID needed to vote." That may have been so in 2014, according to an expert’s research, and the figure arguably aligns with a  2011 state estimate limited to matching voter registrations and driver licenses. We didn’t find an up-to-date figure, though, and Smith’s implication--that 600,000 citizens haven’t voted for lack of acceptable IDs--might not hold up; we don’t know. We rate the  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/ab2c7daf-5de6-4a7a-8215-775d98c9a58a
Statement: There's only three countries in the entire world where there's no paid vacation by law, we happen to be one of them.
Speaker: alan grayson
About the speaker: Alan Grayson was initially elected to Congress in 2008, then defeated for re-election in 2010. He was elected again to Congress from a different district in 2012. He lost the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate in Florida in 2016.
Date: April 25, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: government regulation;workers
Context: an Orlando debate
Fact-check justification: Grayson said, "There's only three countries in the entire world where there's no paid vacation by law, we happen to be one of them." Grayson’s , taken literally, is . A Grayson spokesman said the congressman had fumbled his talking point a bit, especially the part about a pair of African nations being the other two. But the point he was trying to make to viewers and voters largely holds up. The United States is certainly one of just a few countries that does not guarantee paid vacation as a right, and an outlier among developed nations. In that sense, Grayson’s  is partially accurate. We rate it .
Statement: Debt doubled" under Bush "and now it's tripling under Barack Obama's watch.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: April 7, 2015
Location: national
Topics: debt
Context: a speech announcing his presidential campaign
Fact-check justification: Paul said, "Debt doubled" under Bush "and now it’s tripling under Barack Obama’s watch." This statement is confusing. A person could easily interpret it to mean that debt has tripled since Obama took office -- which would be . Paul, on the other hand, said that it means debt today, under Obama, is triple what it was when Bush’s term started.  Indeed, today’s national debt is about triple what it was in January 2001, when Bush took office.  It's also worth noting that many factors other than a particular president's policies affect the national debt. From one not-so-obvious angle, Paul's numbers are correct. But because the statement could so easily be interpreted in another, less accurate way, we rate it .
Statement: It has been estimated that nearly 40 percent of all guns sold in America are sold by private, unlicensed sellers either online or through gun shows.
Speaker: terry mcauliffe
About the speaker: Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat, was elected governor of Virginia on Nov. 5, 2013. He received 47.8 percent of the vote in defeating Republican Ken Cuccinelli, who came in at 45.2 percent. Robert Sarvis, a Libertarian, finished a distant third with 6.5 percent.
McAuliffe's inaguration as Virginia's 72nd governor is scheduled on Jan. 11, 2014.
McAuliffe, a wealthy businessman and noted political fundraiser, was co-chairman of President Bill Clinton's 1996 reelection campaign. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2005 and chairman of Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, McAuliffe unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Virginia governor.
McAuliffe was born in Syracuse, N.Y., on Feb. 9, 1957. He has a bachelor's degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. McAuliffe has lived in Fairfax County for more than 20 years, is married and has five children.
 
Date: October 15, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: guns
Context: an executive order
Fact-check justification: McAuliffe said, "It has been estimated that nearly 40 percent of all guns sold in America are sold by private, unlicensed sellers either online or through gun shows." His source is a small-sample survey from 1994 that included firearms that were sold and those that were given as gifts or inheritances. When the results were adjusted to guns sold - the term McAuliffe uses - only 14 percent to 22 percent of the firearms were sold without background checks. The researchers say they "don’t know" if their findings are relevant today. No current national study has been published. McAuliffe did not acknowledge these points, all of which have been reported widely. So we rate his statement .
Statement: The annual cost of free tax credits alone paid to illegal immigrants quadrupled to $4.2 billion in 2011.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 16, 2015
Location: national
Topics: immigration;taxes
Context: a policy plan on immigration
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "The annual cost of free tax credits alone paid to illegal immigrants quadrupled to $4.2 billion in 2011." Based on an audit by the Treasury Inspector General, the  leaves out some context. Trump conflates "illegal immigrants" with "unauthorized workers," a group composed largely of undocumented immigrants but also legal immigrants and others. The $4.2 billion refers to the amount given in tax credit refunds for children, the large majority of whom are U.S. citizens. And the actual year is 2009, not 2011 (that was the year the report was published). Also, it's important to note that illegal immigrants pay an estimated  $12 billion in payroll taxes  to Social Security and don't receive benefits. So Trump is leaving out a significant part of the picture when it comes to taxes and undocumented workers.  Overall, we rate his  Half .