chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Grant Wahl died because of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 10, 2022
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "His death was unrelated to COVID," she wrote. "His death was unrelated to vaccination status. There was nothing nefarious about his death." (Wahl’s brother had initially speculated that the journalist was murdered, but he told The New York Times he no longer suspects foul play.)   We rate claims that Wahl’s death was caused by a COVID-19 vaccine .
Statement: In Rick Perry's Texas, the governor threatens to leave, to secede from the greatest country in the" world.
Speaker: bill white
About the speaker: Bill White, an author, is a San Antonio native who was mayor of Houston from 2004-2009. He was the 2010 Democratic nominee for governor of Texas.
Date: June 25, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;history;foreign policy;states
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: He was not talking about it in a historical navel-gazing” or constitutional-interpretive fashion. What we find: In a politically theatrical moment, Perry edged toward a secession threat. Then or since, however, he hasn’t said Texas should quit the United States. (You wudda read all about it.) White’s similarly theatrical statement at his party’s convention is .
Statement: Says that voter identification laws "keep poor people from voting, minorities from voting, the elderly from voting, students from voting.
Speaker: marcia fudge
About the speaker: Rep. Marcia Fudge, a Democrat from Warrensville Heights, is the congresswoman from Ohio's 11th district. Prior to her election to the House of Representatives, she was mayor of Warrensville Heights.
 
Date: July 13, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: elections
Context: a news conference on voting rights
Fact-check justification: That's why we changed the  we rated in this item. Yes, the Brennan Center figure is widely accepted. And Fudge’s statement sounds and feels accurate to a lot of people, many of them worried that voter ID laws will be too restrictive. But the idea that the Photo ID law would reduce voting ignores an important detail -- that a lot of people just don't vote.    When a statement is accurate but leaves out important details needed to understand fully, the -O-Meter has a specific rating: .
Statement: Former President Donald Trump "instructed all the governors to shut down" because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Speaker: jared moskowitz
About the speaker: Jared Moskowitz won his first race for Congress in 2022. He previously worked as the director of the Florida Department of Emergency Management and has held positions on the Broward County Commission, Parkland City Commission and the state legislature. 
Date: March 26, 2023
Location: national
Topics: nevada;florida;illinois;coronavirus;michigan
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Moskowitz said Trump "instructed all the governors to shut down" due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The strongest  for his  is the Trump administration’s "15 days to show the spread" plan in March that said governors "should close schools" in areas with community transmission. This document and subsequent recommendations for reopening from the administration were just that: recommendations.  We do not have a complete record of Trump’s phone calls with governors, but in some early calls that were leaked, he seemed to leave it to them to decide or fend for themselves. Trump was more forceful about reopening in some of his public statements on Twitter or in press conferences. But these were often inconsistent messages. They were unenforceable, vague threats. If his comments can be viewed as "instructions" then governors may have been hard-pressed to follow them because Trump would contradict himself, sometimes quickly. In April 2020, he falsely said he had total authority over reopenings, only to backtrack days later to defer to the governors.  The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it . RELATED : Trump’s   that it’s up to him — not governors — to open states RELATED : Trump’s  statement about "total" authority neglects Constitution RELATED :  Donald Trump's attacks exaggerate Ron DeSantis' COVID-19 response
Statement: Says Rick Perry increased spending in Texas by more than 50 percent.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: October 11, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: state budget
Context: the Blooomberg/Washington Post Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: And budgeted expenditures drawing on state general revenue -- the kind most swayed by a governor -- increased 44 percent without adjustments, but decreased 6 percent once inflation and population growth are weighed. We did not hear back from Bachmann on the basis of her debate . Our sense is that Bachmann’s assessment of "over 50 percent" misstates overall spending on Perry’s watch, especially because it doesn’t appear to include any accounting for the state’s growth or inflation. The  also overstates the raw increase in general-revenue spending, the kind that Perry had the most control over. We rate her statement .
Statement: Says challenger Dominic Chavez is a "Rick Perry Republican" lobbyist.
Speaker: bill spelman
About the speaker: Bill Spelman, won election to his second stint on the Austin City Council in 2009, having previously served from 1997 to 2000. He is a professor at the University of Texas Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs. He left the council on the change to a single-member district system in 2015.
Date: May 8, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: Chavez voted in the three latest GOP primaries. He voted for Perry in  the 2010 general election, he says, though he also says he preferred another gubernatorial candidate in 2006. Keeping in mind that no one in Texas has to register a political affiliation, it’s reasonable to speculate about his partisan leaning, but there’s no certainty in that. And he calls himself an Independent. Chavez mentions Perry in his state job, as Spelman’s camp points out. But it strikes us a stretch to presume that someone who speaks for an agency and references the governor’s initiatives or positions is automatically a Perry acolyte. If that were so, then every spokesman or spokeswoman for every agency could be judged the same. That’s unshown. We can see why someone might suspect Chavez of being a Republican and maybe even a Perry fan. But we see no proof. Finally, Chavez once lobbied for a non-partisan group and not Republicans, contrary to Spelman’s statement, which also leaves the  impression that Chavez is a lobbyist now. It’s been years since he lobbied. We rate Spelman’s  as .
Statement: Pelosi's $1.9 trillion bailout gives EVERY federal employee a $21,000 bonus check… they never lost their job!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 18, 2021
Topics: congress;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that the new COVID-19 relief package provides every federal employee with a $21,000 bonus check. There is no bonus check. The law provides money to cover paid leave for federal workers who say they can’t work due to certain COVID-19-related situations. The most an employee could  under the provision is $21,000. We rate this .  RELATED: The COVID-19 relief package: Where the money goes
Statement: The Postal Service only gives tribal residents PO boxes. The Republican-controlled Supreme Court just said it's totally okay for North Dakota to demand that ONLY residents with street addresses can vote. Native Americans were the last to get the right to vote, and now they are the first to lose it.
Speaker: occupy democrats
About the speaker: Occupy Democrats, founded in 2012, is an advocacy group created to counterbalance the Republican tea party, and to "give President Obama and other progressive Democrats a Congress that will work with them to grow the economy, create jobs, promote fairness and fight inequality, and get money out of politics!"
Date: October 15, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Occupy Democrats said that the U.S. Postal Service only gives tribal residents PO Boxes and that because the Supreme Court decided not to intervene in North Dakota’s voter ID law, Native Americans will lose the right to vote. While rural tribal residents in North Dakota are issued PO Boxes for addresses, it is not  that all tribal residents only have PO Boxes. And a conservative-leaning court did rule to let stand a new North Dakota voter ID law that requires a voter to bring a form of identification with them to the polls that includes their legal name, date of birth and current residential street address — but the new ninth member did not participate. North Dakota’s law does pose obstacles for many tribal citizens who don’t have street addresses. However, through the work of voter rights advocates and officials with the Secretary of State’s office, there are ways that Native American voters who have PO boxes instead of residential street addresses will be able to vote. The law does not mean they are losing their right to vote altogether. The group also said that Native Americans were the last U.S. citizens to be granted the right to vote and the first to lose them. Native Americans in Utah were the last ethnic group to be recognized by both state and federal law as citizens with voting rights. But it wasn’t until the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that federal law more thoroughly addressed issues of voter discrimination for all people, giving underrepresented voters of many ethnicities the actual right and means to vote. For a mixed bag of accuracy, we rate this  .
Statement: Most" of the Bush tax cuts went to people "in the top 3 percent of this country.
Speaker: jim mcdermott
About the speaker: Jim McDermott is a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from a district in Washington state.
Date: July 13, 2010
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview with MSNBC's Ed Schultz
Fact-check justification: In 2009, the top 1 percent earned 16 percent of cash income and the top 5 percent earned 29.5 percent of cash income. Indeed, if McDermott had simply refrained from citing the 3 percent figure, he would have been correct in saying that most of the Bush tax cuts went to "people ... at the very top" -- as long as you define the very top as the top 20 percent of earners. The top 20 percent took roughly two-thirds of the benefits from the tax cuts, according to the center's calculations. Still, McDermott did try to bolster a reasonable argument with an  figure. So we rate his statement .
Statement: Fact: Mike Bloomberg spent $12 million to re-elect a Senate Republican (Toomey) in 2016. Toomey beat the Dem (McGinty) by 1.5 points. If McGinty had won, Ds would have controlled the Senate after Doug Jones won and could have blocked Kavanaugh from the Supreme Court.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 19, 2020
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post said, "Fact: Mike Bloomberg spent $12 million to re-elect a Senate Republican (Toomey) in 2016. Toomey beat a Dem (McGinty) by 1.5 points. If McGinty had won, Ds would have controlled the Senate after Doug Jones won and could have blocked Kavanaugh from the Supreme Court." Bloomberg did support Toomey and gave him significant funding. The rest of the  is murky and relies on a hypothetical situation. Kavanaugh was confirmed in a 50-48 vote. If McGinty had won and all other things were the same, it likely would have ended up in a tie vote to be broken by Pence. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says there's $4 billion in private investment along the streetcar.
Speaker: sam adams
About the speaker: Sam Adams is the mayor of Portland. Before that he was a city commissioner and , for 11 years, was chief of staff to then-Mayor Vera Katz.
Date: August 12, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: city government;economy;transportation
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: She said in an email that he should have referred to "$4 billion in public and private investment, or simply in investment," and that the online posts have been corrected. Adams spoke of thousands of "jobs created by that $4 billion in private investment" along the current line. There may have been that much money total -- although it’s still not clear how much is directly attributable to the streetcar -- but it wasn’t all private. We rate the statement : It contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Return to OregonLive to comment on this ruling.
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "wants to bring in thousands of refugees to America from all around the world without any kind of security screening.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: September 27, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Scott said Clinton "wants to bring in thousands of refugees to America from all around the world without any kind of security screening." Clinton has said she would welcome thousands more Syrians fleeing civil war, but the United States routinely admits tens of thousands of global refugees annually. There is already a strict vetting process in place, and Clinton has routinely advocated following it. We rate his statement .
Statement: After Texas cut" its "two-year family planning budget by $73 million, one in four clinics closed their doors.
Speaker: lupe valdez
About the speaker: Lupe Valdez, a Democrat elected four times as Dallas County sheriff, declared her candidacy for governor in December 2017. She won the party’s nomination in May 2018.
Date: May 7, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: health care;state budget;women
Context: an online survey
Fact-check justification: Valdez said that after Texas cut family planning spending $73 million, one in four clinics closed their doors. A 2015 study found that after Republicans made that cut--also barring such aid from entities associated with abortion providers--one in four family-planning clinics closed. But this statement also lacks information in that there was subsequently a burst of state family planning aid, a reorganization of programs and a rebound in clinics though, it appears, not a full catch-up in women getting services. We rate Valdez’s  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood will "force you to stop using your cell phone" while driving.
Speaker: lars larson
About the speaker: Lars Larson is a conservative radio talk show host. The "Lars Larson" show runs on 18 radio stations in Oregon and Washington. His Compass Media Networks national show is carried by 200 radio stations around the country. Larson got his start in radio, then reported for KPTV, Channel 12, in Portland for many years.
Date: November 21, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: public safety;pundits;technology;transportation
Context: a website posting
Fact-check justification: But, she adds, "We have never promoted the use of technologies to disable cell phone signals, nor have we ever indicated we intended to require them." Larson could be forgiven for jumping to the  conclusion if his comments appeared the same day LaHood spoke -- or even the  next day. But saying the federal government is moving to cripple your phone three days after the record was clarified to the contrary is dubious no matter how well your smart phone is working. For that reason, we rate his  . Comment on this item.
Statement: Disparities in infant mortality between white America and black America (are) greater today, in 2019,  than in the year 1850...
Speaker: beto o'rourke
About the speaker: Beto O’Rourke is a former representative of Texas’s 16th Congressional District. He represented the district from 2013 until 2019, when he gave up his seat to run a senate campaign against incumbent Ted Cruz, which O’Rourke lost. He received a bachelor’s degree in English literature from Columbia University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: April 16, 2019
Location: virginia
Topics: children;health care;public health;women
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: O’Rourke said, "Disparities in infant mortality between white America and black America (are) greater today, in 2019, than in the year 1850...". O’Rourke’s statement is deeply grounded. Academic studies lead to estimates that in 1850, live-born black babies were 1.6 times more likely to die in their first year than white ones. The latest racial infant mortality statistics are from 2016 - not 2019 as O’Rourke suggests. They show blacks were 2.3 times more likely to die in infancy than whites. O’Rourke’s , however, lacks important context. He omits in his statement and entire speech that, even with gap growth, there’s been a monumental drop in infant death rates for blacks and whites since before the Civil War. In 1850, it’s estimated that roughly one in three blacks and one in five whites died in infancy. Statistics show in 2016, the ratios improved to one in 88 black babies, and one in 204 white ones. So, overall, we rate O’Rourke’s statement .
Statement: Russ Feingold got a memo in 2009 that outlined veteran harm" at a Wisconsin VA facility "and nothing was done.
Speaker: freedom partners action fund
About the speaker: The Freedom Partners Action Fund, a Super PAC, says it supports "candidates who believe in freedom, who will empower innovators and entrepreneurs over special interests to expand opportunities, create strong communities, and give everyone the best shot at a better life."
Date: May 2, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: drugs;public health;veterans
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Our rating Freedom Partners says in a TV ad that Feingold "got a memo in 2009 that outlined veteran harm" at a Wisconsin VA facility "and nothing was done." Whether the memo was ever delivered to Feingold, who was then a U.S. senator, may never be known. But Freedom Partners cites no  that it was delivered. And it made a revised version of the ad that essentially walks back its , now saying the memo was marked as delivered, not that Feingold actually received it. Because there isn’t  that Feingold received the memo, we rate the  .
Statement: A recent photo shows the "Russian Orthodox Church blessing a rocket called Satan.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 13, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;russia
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Satan" was a NATO nickname for another Russian missile: the RS-36M. "Satan 2," is an RS-28, the missile replacing the RS-36M, NBC News reported . We’ve previously debunked claims that "Satan 2" is capable of destroying everything in the world.   Under Russian President Vladimir Putin, the Russian Orthodox Church has developed closer ties with the country’s defense ministry, Reuters reported. Russian priests "have long appeared in images sprinkling holy water on submarines, ballistic missiles, Soyuz space rockets and other pieces of hardware as part of rituals to bless them," the news outlet said.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says under Mayor Cory Booker, Newark has seen "violent crime up five years in a row, murder up five years in a row.
Speaker: steve lonegan
About the speaker: The former mayor of Bogota in Bergen County, Steve Lonegan is the New Jersey director of Americans for Prosperity, a conservative advocacy group. Lonegan ran unsuccessfully in 2005 and 2009 for the Republican nomination for governor.
 
Date: August 15, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: crime
Context: a radio interview on “Focal Point with Bryan Fischer”
Fact-check justification: In a radio interview, Lonegan claimed that under Booker, Newark has seen "violent crime up five years in a row, murder up five years in a row." That statement is accurate in the sense that overall violent crime has increased over the past five years. But violent crime and murders have not gone up "five years in a row," since there were decreases in some years. Also, the increase in overall violent crime between 2007 and 2012 stems solely from a rise in robberies. The other violent crime categories in 2012, including murders, were below their 2007 levels. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com . Editor's note: This story has been updated to clarify that overall violent crime has not increased in every year of Booker's tenure. During the five years cited by Lonegan, overall violent crime increased in three of those years.  But overall violent crime was higher in 2012 than it was in 2007, Booker's first full year in office.
Statement: Says Judge Brett Kavanaugh "ruled that the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau was unconstitutional (reversed by full Circuit Court).
Speaker: amy klobuchar
About the speaker: Amy Klobuchar is a senator from Minnesota. Klobuchar was elected as senator in 2006 and re-elected in 2012 and 2018. Klobuchar received a bachelor’s degree in political science from Yale University and a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School. In 2019, she announced she was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out March 2, 2020.
Date: July 9, 2018
Location: national
Topics: financial regulation;supreme court
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Klobuchar said Kavanaugh "ruled that the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau was unconstitutional (reversed by full Circuit Court)." In 2016, Kavanaugh wrote the opinion for a three judge panel of the D.C. Circuit finding the CFPB structurally unconstitutional. The issue lay in the bureau’s leadership structure, not the bureau itself. That said, a change to its leadership structure could rein in the regulatory activities CFPB performs. We rate this statement .
Statement: We have the most progressive tax system in the country, right here in Vermont.
Speaker: phil scott
About the speaker: Phil Scott is the 82nd governor of Vermont.
Date: October 10, 2018
Location: vermont
Topics: taxes
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: "In our research Vermont does not have the most progressive system in the nation, but it is certainly far less regressive than the vast majority of states," Davis said.   Our Ruling Vermont has one of the most progressive tax systems in the country, but no research exists showing that it has the most progressive system.   The research the governor’s administration cited does not support the , but in several cases refutes it.   However, research on the relative progressivity of state tax systems is limited and appears to vary greatly based on methodology.   We rate this statement as .