chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Sean Duffy backed plan to privatize Social Security.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: August 30, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: message machine 2010;social security
Context: a campaign TV ad
Fact-check justification: But Duffy is on the record repeatedly as opposing privatizing Social Security and says he is not supportive of Ryan’s entire "roadmap" plan. What’s more, Democrats say Duffy would leave recipients at the mercy of Wall Street, when the plan would restrict investments to government managed accounts and guarantee them against long-term losses. The Democrats’  is not just , it’s  so. Where’s a match? We rate it .
Statement: Voter turnout in 2016 was reduced by approx. 200,000 votes because of WI's photo ID laws.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: May 17, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: civil rights;elections;government regulation;states
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Our rating Baldwin says: "Voter turnout in 2016 was reduced by approx. 200,000 votes because of WI’s photo ID laws." A report she cites from a Democratic candidate-supporting group says a decline in voter turnout between the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections in Wisconsin was entirely due to the state’s new photo identification requirement for voting. But experts say that while photo ID requirements reduces turnout to some extent, they question the methodology of the report and say there is no way to put a number on how many people in Wisconsin didn’t vote because of the ID requirement.   We rate Baldwin’s statement .
Statement: Marijuana is a Schedule I drug, "which you understand means that you can't do any research about it.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: April 21, 2016
Location: national
Topics: drugs;government regulation;regulation;science;marijuana
Context: a "Good Morning America" town hall
Fact-check justification: Clinton said marijuana is a Schedule I drug, "which you understand means that you can’t do any research about it." It’s hard to research marijuana, especially using plants (as opposed to synthetic versions) in studies involving human subjects. There are many regulatory hoops scientists have to navigate, and the government has a single-source monopoly on marijuana plants to be used for research. All of this makes setting up a marijuana experiment a lengthy and daunting process. However, there are scientists currently studying marijuana, and federal funding supports some of these experiments. Clinton’s statement gives the impression that the government bans marijuana research flat-out, and that’s not the case. Her statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: Each year ICE detains someone, it costs taxpayers over $50,000. For comparison, by the way, that's four times the amount the federal government spends on each child in our public schools.
Speaker: patty murray
About the speaker: Patty Murray is a Democratic senator who represents the state of Washington. 
Date: May 8, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;education;homeland security
Context: a Senate subcommittee hearing
Fact-check justification: Murray said, "Each year ICE detains someone, it costs taxpayers over $50,000. For comparison, by the way, that's four times the amount the federal government spends on each child in our public schools." The current bed rate to house one adult detainee multiplied by 365 days is $50,074.35.  The most recent per-student expenditure total multipled by four comes to $52,400. The numbers alone don't capture the full story. It's important to note that not all immigrants spend a year in detention. Also, schools' major sources of funding are local and state governments, not the federal government. Murray’s statement is partially accurate and needs additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Sherrod Brown "has voted with Barack Obama 95 percent of the time.
Speaker: ohio republican party
About the speaker: Statewide organization for Ohio's Republicans.
Date: January 22, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: voting record
Context: an interview with The Plain Dealer
Fact-check justification: Brown has disagreed with Obama on foreign trade and on some greenhouse gas-regulation issues. But Maloney says that "you’ve got to look at the record." And the record -- compiled not by an opposition party but by a publication regarded as eminently impartial -- provides an average of 95 percent. The figure is current. On the -O-Meter, Maloney’s  merits a rating of .
Statement: We are spending more on affordable housing than we're spending on Dix Park right now.
Speaker: nancy mcfarlane
About the speaker: Nancy McFarlane is mayor of Raleigh
Date: October 20, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: housing;recreation
Context: a televised debate
Fact-check justification: McFarlane said the city is "spending more on affordable housing than we're spending on Dix Park right now." The city’s $52 million purchase of the Dix property was certainly a big one. But the city’s is paying for it incrementally and McFarlane is right that the city this year is spending more on affordable housing – $7.24 million – than it is on Dix Park – $6.3 million. We rate her  .
Statement: From Europe: 3,964 people have died from adverse drug reactions for COVID-19 'vaccines' – 162,610 injuries.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 28, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post claimed that in Europe "3,964 people have died from adverse drug reactions for COVID-19 ‘vaccines’ – 162,610 injuries." That’s a misrepresentation of information in an European database that tracks suspected reactions to medicines, including COVID-19 vaccines. The agency behind the database cautions that the information is only of suspected side effects, and that it should not be interpreted as meaning that the medicine caused the effects or that it’s unsafe. A detailed evaluation and scientific assessment of all available data is needed before drawing conclusions, the agency said. The COVID-19 vaccines have been administered to millions of people across Europe and the United States, and health agencies have vouched for their safety and effectiveness. We found no definitive proof that a COVID-19 vaccine caused someone’s death. We rate this  .  RELATED : Why you shouldn’t worry about getting Bell’s Palsy from the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine RELATED : The ‘shaking’ COVID-19 vaccine side-effect videos and what we know about them
Statement: Half of all NC legislative candidates are unopposed because of gerrymandering.
Speaker: common cause
About the speaker: Common Cause is a national group devoted to fighting for reforms to gerrymandering, political spending and other issues.
Date: July 19, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections;legal issues;redistricting;states
Context: an online video ad
Fact-check justification: Common Cause claimed that half of all races for the state legislature will be uncontested this year because of gerrymandering. It’s actually a bit less than half, but not too far off. And experts agree that while gerrymandering isn’t wholly to blame, it does contribute significantly to the high number of uncontested races. We rate this  . The premise is accurate, although it’s slightly exaggerated.
Statement: Says the U.S. federal income tax rate was 0 percent until 1913.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: January 16, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: history;taxes
Context: South Carolina
Fact-check justification: Paul’s statement that the federal income tax rate was zero until 1913 reflects the timing of the constitutional change enabling the current tax. But his  disregards two pre-1913 efforts to impose an income tax — one of which was in place for a decade. This debate  rates .
Statement: Says Sens. Joe Manchin and Kyrsten Sinema "are Republicans … Just look at the way they vote.
Speaker: don lemon
About the speaker: Don Lemon is a CNN anchor based in Atlanta and New York City.
Date: September 29, 2021
Location: west virginia
Topics: national;congress;federal budget;arizona
Context: an exchange between CNN hosts
Fact-check justification: Lemon said that based on their voting records, Manchin and Sinema are Republicans. Both of them have voted with the Democrats essentially 100% of the time. But they have broken with their party over the immediate effort to pass a multi-trillion-dollar reconciliation bill, a top Democratic priority. And so far, they have opposed changes in the Senate filibuster rule, another key roadblock to the Democratic agenda. We rate this  .
Statement: For coronavirus cases "in the U.S. 38% of those hospitalized are under 35.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: March 19, 2020
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Rubio tweeted "in the U.S. 38% of those hospitalized are under 35." We could not find any current data that matches Rubio’s tweet. It is possible that he was citing widely reported data that included people up to age 54. The CDC reported that 20% of the hospitalizations were ages 20-44 and 18% were 45-54. But the data is preliminary, so it’s challenging to draw conclusions at this stage about the ages of people hospitalized.  Rubio’s office didn’t get back to us but we have to wonder if the  in his tweet amounted to a simple transcription error. Rubio does have a point that younger people are vulnerable to coronavirus — it’s not only older people who have been hospitalized. But because the data point is , we rate this statement .
Statement: Senator McCain would pay for part of his (health care) plan by making drastic cuts in Medicare — $882-billion worth.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 17, 2008
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Roanoke, Va
Fact-check justification: McCain’s campaign responded to Obama's Roanoke remarks, saying the Democratic front-runner was committing “Medicare malpractice” and spreading lies by perpetuating the Center for American Progress Fund analysis.    It’s unclear whether McCain could extract sufficient savings using the methods he’s outlined to achieve his "budget neutral" goal. Still, the Center for American Progress Fund analysis flatly assumes McCain will cut Medicare benefits and services when McCain has not even broached the idea in speeches or statements. Obama is overstepping by repeating the analysis’ conclusion and portraying the dollar amount of the cuts as part and parcel of McCain’s plan. We rule his  .
Statement: President Trump signs executive order stripping NFL of 'non-profit' status.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 9, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: Change tax law!" But he didn’t sign any executive order rescinding the league’s tax status, which it had voluntarily changed already. The  story appeared to originate two days before Trump’s tweet, in an Oct. 8 post on FreedomJunkshun.com , which looks to be member of a series of  websites associated with Christopher Blair, a self-described liberal troll who creates fictional stories to try to fool conservative readers. FreedomJunkshun.com uses the same website architecture as other Blair - affiliated sites , and carries a disclaimer that reads , "All people, places, names and images should be considered fictitious or fictitious representations." After further review, our ruling on the story stands: !
Statement: Says Thomas Jefferson said "the government will one day be corrupt and filled with liars and the people will flock to the one who tells the truth.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 6, 2019
Topics: fake news;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Berkes also wrote a blog post in 2011 to help people know how to spot  Jefferson quotes. Among her tips: Jefferson almost never used contractions nor did he use the word "you" as an indefinite pronoun. Berkes also warned readers to be wary of quotes that have no citation as to when and where it was said and those that can only be found in non-historical literature. There’s no  to support that Jefferson said or wrote this. We rate it .
Statement: Women earn on average 80-cents on the dollar compared to white men doing similar jobs.
Speaker: bobby scott
About the speaker: Bobby Scott, D-3rd, has been a member of the U.S. House of Representatives since 1993. The district is comprised of all of Charles City and Surry counties and Petersburg and Portsmouth and portions of Henrico and Prince George counties and Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk and Richmond. Scott has seats on the Judiciary and Education and Labor committees.
Scott previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1979-83 and in the state Senate in 1983-93. He was a member of the National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve. He was a lawyer in a private practice from 1973-91.
Scott was born in Washington, D.C. He earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., in 1969 and a law degree from Boston College in 1973.
Date: February 26, 2019
Location: virginia
Topics: income
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Scott said, "Women earn on average 80-cents on the dollar compared to white men doing similar jobs." BLS statistics support Scott, showing the median pay of white men in 2018 was higher than that of all women in each of 22 job fields listed in the data set.   We take issue with Scott’s context, however. He presents pay disparity as the product of discrimination. But gender pay is a complicated subject and there are many reasons - in addition to discrimination - why a gap exists: women tend to work fewer hours than men; they tend to choose lower paying professions than men; they tend to take more time off than men to tend to children. Scott’s statement, and his entire speech, lack this framework. So we rate his  . Correction: Women earned 78.7 percent as much as white men, overall, in 22 broad fields of work in 2018, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics data. An earlier version of this story misstated the statistics.
Statement: 'TrumpCare' would allow insurance execs to personally make millions off your health care.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: March 8, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: corporations;health care;income;taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Our rating Baldwin says "‘Trumpcare’ would allow insurance execs to personally make millions off your health care." One provision in a Trump-supported Republican bill to replace Obamacare is a tax break worth an estimated $400 million over 10 years. It’s possible that money could fund raises for health care company executives. But the tax break is for the companies, not individuals; the companies could use the savings for other purposes; and even if the savings were used for raises, there’s no  that executives would get millions. For a statement that contains only an element of , our rating is .
Statement: The U.S. Justice Department removed international child sex trafficking from its "list of offenses that deserve a high degree of attention.
Speaker: david harris jr.
About the speaker: David Harris Jr. is a conservative commentator.
Date: July 13, 2023
Topics: immigration;children;criminal justice;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: We rate the  . Read a version of this fact-check in Spanish. RELATED: Studio behind ‘Sound of Freedom’ rejects  AMC is sabotaging movie screenings RELATED: Rumors persist about Mel Gibson child sex trafficking documentary, but  doesn't support that RELATED: Social media posts distort Trump, Biden child sex trafficking records
Statement: I believe in tax cuts. I believe in being a supply-sider. I cut the income tax I think it was 24 percent. We got 42 percent more revenues.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: October 9, 2007
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Dearborn, Mich
Fact-check justification: Who knows? One sign that something else is involved is that during the years in question the revenue increase ranged from 41.4 percent in Queens to 60 percent in Brooklyn. We have changed our ruling since this item first published in November 2007. We understated Giuliani's role in the city income tax cut, and we simply misstated the origin of the tax that was in question. Upon further review, in light of clarifying information provided by the Giuliani campaign, we are giving Giuliani a  ruling.
Statement: I ended up my time as governor with a general fund budget that was smaller than the one I started with.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: July 21, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: state budget
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Kaine said the general fund budget was smaller at the end of his gubernatorial term than at the start. The raw numbers hold up his : The general fund budget was $15.1 billion when Kaine took office and $14.8 billion when he left. These figures don’t include $1.5 billion in federal stimulus money the state used to support general fund programs during Kaine’s last year. But this does not detract from Kaine’s . Virginia did not count the one-time stimulus money as part of the general fund, which mainly consists of income and sales tax revenues. And when the stimulus ran out, there was no backfill for the budget cuts Kaine endorsed. We rate Kaine’s statement .
Statement: Says John Quincy Adams said, "If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more, and become more, you are a leader.
Speaker: ivanka trump
About the speaker: Ivanka Trump is an American businesswoman and the daughter of and assistant to President Donald Trump.
Date: May 1, 2017
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: her new book
Fact-check justification: The quotation Ivanka Trump chose, one of many, is a worthy reflection. But it was a silly and easily avoided  to assign the words to John Quincy Adams, as others on the internet have done, when there is no record of him saying it. There are a lot of other verified options. We rate this statement .
Statement: US President D. Trump Approves Scholarship for 50,000 African Student to Study in USA 2018" ​
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 22, 2018
Topics: education;fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: We searched on Nexis to see if any major news outlets reported on the news of Trump approving scholarships for African students, and could not find any  to support the headline’s . A Google search revealed that this hoax has appeared before in a similar form. Another website previously touted that Trump had approved "fully government sponsored scholarships for international students … in USA universities." Studentapply.info did not respond to a request for comment sent through its contact form . We rate this  !
Statement: Video is evidence of a recent increase in robberies in Spain by "migrants from the Middle East and Africa.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 17, 2022
Topics: immigration;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: The video is from 2020 and shows scenes from a protest against COVID-19 lockdown measures.   On Oct. 30, 2020, Libertad Digital reported that people gathered in Barcelona’s city center to protest pandemic measures that had closed businesses such as bars, restaurants and theaters. The demonstration turned riotous when some protesters attacked police and threw barricades, rocks and other items, and broke into stores. A Twitter post dated Oct. 30, 2020, shows the same video from the Instagram post.   The  that this video is  of an increase in recent robberies in Spain by "migrants from the Middle East and Africa" is .