chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: There are about as many members of the Armed Forces marching bands as there are American diplomats.
Speaker: nicholas burns
About the speaker: Nicholas Burns is a Professor of the Practice of Diplomacy and International Relations at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. Burns was was Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from 2005 to 2008, U.S. Ambassador to NATO (2001–2005), Ambassador to Greece (1997–2001) and State Department Spokesman (1995–1997). He worked for five years (1990–1995) on the National Security Council at the White House where he was Senior Director for Russia, Ukraine and Eurasia Affairs and Special Assistant to President Clinton and Director for Soviet Affairs in the Administration of President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: March 28, 2017
Topics: global news service;federal budget;foreign policy
Context: a House committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Burns said that there are about as many members of military marching bands as there are diplomats. In plain numbers, there are about 6,500 military musicians and about 8,100 diplomats. So, in fact, the diplomats have about a 1,600 staff advantage. But in the sense that diplomats are the backbone of the Foreign Service, while musicians, as important as they might be for morale, play a lesser numerical role in defending the nation, the numbers are closer than simple math would say. It’s time to retune this talking point, but on balance, we rate it .
Statement: There is no such thing as a booster. There is a failed product that is sometimes used again in hopes of a different outcome.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 27, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post read, "There is no such thing as a booster. There is a failed product that is sometimes used again in hopes of a different outcome." Boosters are a standard means of extending protection that a vaccine provides. No vaccine is 100% effective but the vaccines against COVID-19 have been proven to be quite effective at staving off serious infection and death.  We rate the post .
Statement: There are cities and counties in Georgia that don't have websites, and where elected officials don't have email addresses.
Speaker: sam olens
About the speaker: Sam Olens is Georgia's Attorney General
Date: August 4, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: infrastructure;technology
Context: a talk at the Atlanta Press Club
Fact-check justification: So Olens is right. Not only are there counties and municipalities in Georgia that don’t have websites or whose elected officials don’t have government email. State organizations place their numbers at more than 200. Or, to put it differently, the cats of certain pet-obsessed owners have pounced across the digital divide well ahead of scores of Georgia governments.    Olens earns a .
Statement: Shoes on the Capitol lawn represent 7,182 students who were killed in U.S. schools since 2012.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 14, 2018
Topics: punditfact;guns
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Bloggers said shoes on the Capitol lawn this week represented 7,182 students killed in U.S. schools since 2012. That’s not accurate. The pairs of shoes symbolized more than 7,000 children who had been killed by gun violence since the Sandy Hook school shooting. The number of children killed in school violence, while fluid, is certainly smaller than that total. We rate this  .
Statement: I was able to go and buy an automatic weapon … Most people can go out and buy an automatic weapon.
Speaker: don lemon
About the speaker: Don Lemon is a CNN anchor based in Atlanta and New York City.
Date: August 20, 2014
Topics: punditfact;guns
Context: a live broadcast on CNN
Fact-check justification: CNN’s Lemon said that many people can go out and buy an automatic weapon. Lemon spoke as though the gun he had purchased was an automatic. It was not. It was a semi-automatic, meaning each shot requires a separate pull of the trigger. The ease of purchase that Lemon described applies to semi-automatic guns. The legal status and availability of semi-automatic and fully automatic guns are quite different. Lemon was further  when he didn’t revise his language and insisted that the distinction was just a matter of semantics. Acquiring a machine gun is prohibited in some states, while much more heavily regulated in others. We rate Lemon’s  .
Statement: Says Burisma admitted in a Ukrainian court to paying Joe Biden $900,000.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 16, 2021
Topics: ethics;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Ukraine’s Interior Ministry reaffirmed in a Feb. 26 news release that authorities concluded there was no  of criminal acts by the Bidens. PolitiFact found no  that would indicate otherwise.   In searching news archives, we found no mention of a Ukrainian court hearing where this debunked  may have resurfaced. We rate this  . Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: I have more military experience than anybody who's arrived behind that desk since George H.W. Bush.
Speaker: pete buttigieg
About the speaker: Pete Buttigieg is the Transportation secretary under President Joe Biden. Buttigieg was elected mayor of South Bend, Ind., in 2011 and was re-elected in 2015. He decided not to seek re-election and his term ended in January 2020. From 2009 to 2017, he served in the U.S. Navy Reserve and was a lieutenant. He received a bachelor’s degree in history and literature from Harvard College and a first-class honors bachelor’s degree in philosophy, politics and economics from Pembroke College as a Rhodes Scholar. He ran for president in the 2020 Democratic primaries.
Date: January 31, 2019
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;military
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Buttigieg said: "I have more military experience than anybody who’s arrived behind that desk since George H.W. Bush." Among the four men who have been president since the elder Bush, only George W. Bush served in the military: five years stateside with the Texas Air National Guard. Buttigieg served eight years in the U.S. Navy Reserve, including a six-month war-time deployment in Afghanistan, in 2014. We rate Buttigieg’s statement .
Statement: Says State Comptroller Matthew Boxer "pointed out that many towns are artificially lowering the real estate values that they report to Trenton" in order to "get hundreds of millions of dollars of additional school aid. This is the kind of fraud that needs to be addressed immediately.
Speaker: michael doherty
About the speaker: Michael Doherty is a Republican state Senator representing parts of Warren, Somerset and Hunterdon counties. He previously served in the state Assembly from 2002 to 2009.
Date: February 28, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: education;taxes
Context: an interview on NJToday
Fact-check justification: In an NJToday interview, Doherty said, according to the comptroller’s report, many municipalities are "artificially lowering" real estate values to secure more school aid, a practice he referred to as "fraud." The senator is right that tax abatements may lead to greater school aid in communities with these tax-exempt properties. But he’s  to  those practices constitute "fraud," and that their direct purpose is to generate additional school aid. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Barack Hussein Obama will … force doctors to assist homosexuals in buying surrogate babies.
Speaker: government is not god pac
About the speaker: Government Is Not God is a political action committee for social conservatives founded in 1992 by William J. Murray who is currently the chairman of the Religious Freedom Coalition. The mission of Government Is Not God - PAC is the election to Congress of men and women who hold conservative beliefs on both moral and economic issues.
Date: September 23, 2012
Location: national
Topics: health care;lgbtq;religion
Context: a newspaper advertisement
Fact-check justification: A newspaper ad claimed that "Barack Hussein Obama will … force doctors to assist homosexuals in buying surrogate babies." There’s no  Obama is interested in such a requirement. But even if he were, surrogacy laws vary by state and there’s no mechanism to force doctors to perform a procedure. Experts found this  "outrageous," "imaginary," and a "fevered dream." We find it .
Statement: In 'Resident Evil' the Umbrella Corporation releases a virus that infects the people of Raccoon City. A biological research lab with the exact same logo as the Umbrella Corporation can be found in the city where the coronavirus outbreak originated.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 27, 2020
Topics: china;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: What’s more, there’s no  that the novel 2019 coronavirus was created in a lab. We’ve debunked a number of claims — like the Facebook post in question — that suggested the new virus was artificially made in Wuhan or elsewhere . According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , the new coronavirus is a "beta coronavirus" similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, and Middle East respiratory syndrome, or MERS. All three viruses are believed to have their origins in bats. We rate this post .
Statement: The measles vaccine has killed 108 people in the last decade, while no one has died of measles.
Speaker: naturalnews.com
About the speaker: NaturalNews.com is an alternative-health website.
Date: February 5, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: health care;public health
Context: a story making the rounds on social media
Fact-check justification: The more accurate comparison, DeStefano suggests, is that big fat zero versus the 300-400 children who died annually in the United States before the vaccine was available in the 1960s. We agree. The article misreads data, to suggest that the measles vaccine is a greater threat to children than the disease. Experts, and data, show that measles is far more dangerous than the vaccine, even if some kids do have a reaction to the shot. We rate the  .
Statement: Cellphone data used to arrest the Idaho quadruple-murder suspect proves that criticism of the "2000 Mules" movie's use of cell data is unfounded.
Speaker: john rich
About the speaker: John Rich is half of the country music duo Big & Rich. He has spoken out on political issues and supported Republican candidates.
Date: January 5, 2023
Topics: criminal justice;elections;technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Rich said cellphone data used to arrest a suspected Idaho quadruple-killer proves that criticism of the "2000 Mules" movie’s use of cell data is unfounded. Idaho police obtained data specifically for the suspect’s cellphone and used corroborating , including DNA at the crime scene, to arrest him. "2,000 Mules" used purchased aggregated and anonymous cellphone location data, which signaled that people were near ballot drop boxes, but did not prove that the boxes were stuffed with illegal ballots. The data does not show what people were doing in those geographic areas.  We rate the statement .
Statement: We had an agreement that the president could have signed that would have kept 10,000 troops" in Iraq.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: May 13, 2015
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: a response to a question after a town hall meeting
Fact-check justification: Bush said, "We had an agreement that the president could have signed that would have kept 10,000 troops, less than we have in Korea, that could have created the stability that would have allowed for Iraq to progress." Obama inherited a timeline to exit Iraq from George W. Bush and followed it, but there was no agreement to leave a large force behind. The Obama White House considered 10,000 troops for a short time but ruled it out, suggesting a much smaller force. Negotiations with Iraq broke down, however, and there was no agreement that met conditions Washington wanted. Experts told us Bush parsed his words carefully enough to have a point that a residual force would have likely helped Iraq fend off ISIS. But there was no consensus to leave 10,000 troops in place. We rate the statement .
Statement: Florida Statutes require (Attorney General Bill) McCollum to consult with members of Florida's Congressional delegation" before filing a lawsuit against the health care reform law.
Speaker: alex sink
About the speaker: Alex Sink is a candidate for Congress in Florida's 13th Congressional District. She served as Florida's Chief Financial Officer from 2007 to 2011. She was the Democratic Party's nominee for governor in 2010, but lost to Rick Scott.
Date: March 25, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: health care;legal issues
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: So to recap: Sink is correct that the law is still on the books. But it's been ignored and a former deputy attorney general says he doesn't find it binding. It's important to note here that we are not rendering a legal verdict on McCollum's actions but merely saying whether Sink is correct that "Florida Statutes require McCollum to consult with members of Florida's Congressional delegation" before filing the suit. They do, although there's definitely debate about how much the law still applies. So we'll take this one down a notch to .
Statement: Says Richard Cordray directed an Ohio commission to "permit an armed group to have a rally on the statehouse grounds, even taking the extraordinary step of assuming personal responsibility for waiving an insurance requirement in the event of an incident.
Speaker: dennis kucinich
About the speaker: Dennis Kucinich is running in the Democratic primary for governor of Ohio in 2018. Kucinich was elected to Congress in 1996. He previously served as a member of the city council and as mayor in Cleveland, the city where he was born in 1946. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Case Western University. He has been married since 2005 to Elizabeth Harper. He was married twice before and has one child. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 25, 2008.
Date: February 27, 2018
Location: ohio
Topics: guns
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Kucinich said Cordray directed an Ohio commission to "permit an armed group to have a rally on the statehouse grounds, even taking the extraordinary step of assuming personal responsibility for waiving an insurance requirement in the event of an incident." Kucinich was referring to a rally held in April 2010. A video shows Cordray speaking at the rally where he said "if there are any troubles it's my responsibility but I am comfortable with that." Months later, in another video, Cordray said that when the Capitol Square Review and Advisory Board denied a permit and required a "giant insurance policy" Cordray spoke with the board’s president and agreed to take responsibility for the event. Finan, the advisory board chair at the time, told PolitiFact that Cordray gave the go-ahead for the rally. Cordray didn’t appear to play the only role in allowing the group to hold the rally. The executive director of the board ultimately granted the waiver after exchanging communications with Ohioans for Concealed Carry. We rate this  .
Statement: Video shows Elon Musk saying he bought Twitter and unblocked Andrew Tate's Twitter account because "we need to escape the suppression from the matrix and expose the global elites.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 10, 2023
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: The brothers remain detained , though Andrew Tate still tweets from his account.   A Facebok reel claims to show Musk saying he bought Twitter and unblocked Tate’s Twitter account because "we need to escape the suppression from the matrix and expose the global elites." The video is a deepfake manipulation of video captured in April 2022, when Musk gave a TED Talk interview, months before he acquired Twitter. In the real video, Musk did not mention Tate or say anything about "the global elite." We rate this  !
Statement: Obama's one education accomplishment was "legislation to teach 'comprehensive sex education' to kindergartners.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: September 9, 2008
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Obama said that he did not support telling youngsters about explicit information about sex. The bill specifically mentions that instructional material must be age appropriate. It specifically mentions teaching children how to "say no to unwanted sexual advances" and "nonconsensual physical sexual contact." The legislation was not sponsored by Obama and it didn't pass, so calling it one of his "accomplishments" is . We rate this  !
Statement: The sales tax increase, if approved, will cost taxpayers "up to $300 million per year, in perpetuity, to finance a rail system for the City of Tampa.
Speaker: sam rashid
About the speaker: Sam Rashid is the chief executive officer of HOLTEC USA, which supplies equipment to the lumber industry. He is also involved with several other area businesses. Rashid, of Valrico, is a leading critic of the proposed sales tax increase for transit and roads in Hillsborough County.
Date: July 26, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: transportation;taxes
Context: a mailer
Fact-check justification: It is  that this whole exercise was largely initiated by Tampa Mayor Pam Iorio, who made building a commuter rail system a top goal. But the discussion ended up in the hands of the County Commission, which ultimately put the question on the ballot. After months of study initiated by Commission Chairman Ken Hagan, a task force recommended that a significant portion of the money go to roads and buses. And that’s the position the County Commission took in crafting the ballot language. So while critics want to label the initiative a rail tax for the city of Tampa that will not benefit suburban residents, PolitiFact finds Rashid’s attempt to frame the issue as .
Statement: In our nation's capital, killings have risen by 50 percent.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 20, 2017
Location: national
Topics: crime
Context: a statement on the White House website
Fact-check justification: The Trump White House website said, "In our nation’s capital, killings have risen by 50 percent." That statistic would have been correct prior to the release of the most recent annual statistics by the Metropolitan Police Department. However, the most recent figures, from 2016, show a 17 percent decline in homicides from 2015. In addition, the long-term trend shows significantly lower numbers for homicides in Washington, D.C., than was the rule for the 1990s -- even if you compare the spike of 2015. We rate the statement .
Statement: I've won awards on environmental protection.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 4, 2017
Location: national
Topics: environment
Context: a town hall with CEOs
Fact-check justification: Trump said that he has won awards for environmental protection. The White House pointed to two that include his name. One thanked him personally for donating over 400 acres of undeveloped land to the New York State Park System. The other recognized the environmental stewardship of a Trump golf course in New Jersey operated by a well known manager, and cited Trump’s leadership in general terms. So Trump can firmly  one personal award and one where his role and the accorded honor are more diffuse. By definition, two is plural, but the personal recognition of Trump is thin for the second one. We rate this  .
Statement: If you're in Texas, you have got to drive 120 miles to get an ID.
Speaker: thomas perez
About the speaker: Thomas E. Perez was chosen as the chairman of the Democratic National Committee on Feb. 25, 2017. Previously he was nominated by President Barack Obama to serve as Secretary of Labor and was sworn in on July 23, 2013. He previously served as the Secretary of Maryland's Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation.
Date: February 22, 2017
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;elections;legal issues
Context: a CNN-sponsored debate
Fact-check justification: Perez said, "If you're in Texas, you have got to drive 120 miles to get an ID." He has some basis for this statement: The 120-mile figure did crop up in the court case against the law, and we found at least one example of a west Texas town for which the distance was actually even longer. However, Perez not only failed to communicate just how rare this scenario is, but he didn’t even use a basic qualifier like "some people in Texas." Taken literally, he said everyone in Texas has to drive 120 miles to get a license. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it . CORRECTION, Feb, 27, 2017, 11 a.m. : After we published this article, several readers noted that there was a closer driver’s license office to Terlingua than Fort Stockton -- the one in Alpine. We have changed the article to reflect this. We have not changed our rating. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/fd5bccc4-db1f-4a28-9f62-e4bbba9e2063
Statement: Biden announces Medicare stimulus that provides free dental work to all Seniors who need it! Crowns and implants included.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 6, 2022
Topics: medicare;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Free dental work is not available through traditional Medicare insurance. By law, the federal insurance program cannot cover most dental care or dental procedures. Some private insurance companies sell Medicare Advantage plans that are allowed to offer coverage for dental work. The plans must be purchased and coverage varies.   We rate this  .