chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: We have 85 million Americans who have no health insurance.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: December 11, 2022
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Sanders said, "we have 85 million Americans who have no health insurance." Sanders omitted that his figure included people who either have no health insurance or are underinsured.  Sanders’ spokesperson referred us to data from the Commonwealth Fund that found about 85 million Americans ages 19 to 64 were uninsured or inadequately insured (meaning they had a gap in coverage over the past year or coverage that didn’t provide affordable access to health care).  Sanders accurately cited the Commonwealth Fund report in an October op-ed. His statement on CNN was partially accurate but left out important details and context. We rate it .  RELATED : Uninsured rate for Black Americans declined in Biden's first year in office RELATED : Medicare for All: What it is, what it isn't
Statement: There's a "direct correlation" between North Carolina's mask requirement and COVID-19 stabilization.
Speaker: mandy cohen
About the speaker: Mandy Cohen, secretary of the N.C. Department of Health and Human Services, was appointed by Democratic Gov. Roy Cooper.
Date: July 28, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Cohen said there’s a "direct correlation" between North Carolina’s mask requirement and COVID-19 stabilization. Based on the data available in late July, experts said there does appear to be a correlation, but it’s too early to draw conclusions about it. Verifying the strength of the correlation can take months. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Says Jonathan Gruber was "some adviser who never worked on our staff.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: November 16, 2014
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: Brisbane, Australia, for the G20 summit
Fact-check justification: Obama said Gruber was "some adviser who never worked on our staff." This careful wording significantly downplays the MIT economist's role. Gruber was an adviser. But he was not just "some adviser," an especially flip characterization. By HHS’ own documentation, Gruber was considered "uniquely positioned" for a contract job assisting with Obama’s health care reform efforts. In that sense, he was a very important adviser. Further, while Gruber never worked "on our staff," he was paid by the federal government quite handsomely, and worked very closely with the staff. His economic simulation model was very important to those writing the bill, even if he wasn’t the person deciding what would make the legislation and what would be left at the cutting board. He also met with Obama in the White House and had a dozen meetings that often included some of the most senior members of Obama’s economic and health care teams. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says wrestling was a favorite sport of Abraham Lincoln.
Speaker: donald rumsfeld
About the speaker: Donald Rumsfeld served as defense secretary under President George W. Bush.
Date: February 17, 2013
Location: national
Topics: history;sports
Context: the "Washington Post"
Fact-check justification: Other grapplers who made it to the White House include George Washington (school champ at the Reg. James Maury's Academy in Fredricksburg, Va.), Andrew Jackson, Zachary Taylor, Ulysses S. Grant, Chester A. Arthur, Theodore Roosevelt and  William Taft, who "mastered a wicked move called the Flying Marc that savagely flipped an opponent to the ground." Rumsfeld said wrestling was a favorite sport of Lincoln's. We found lots of documentation of his wrestling prowess, and it's a reasonable inference to assume he enjoyed it. We rate the  .
Statement: Obamacare premiums nationwide have increased by double and triple digits.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 28, 2017
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Obamacare premiums nationwide have increased by double and triple digits."  Many people purchasing health care through federal and state insurance marketplaces did see double-digit premium increases, and one, Arizona, saw a larger increase. But as we have noted in previous fact-checks , Trump’s talking point doesn’t accurately reflect the situation overall. Several states did not see such dramatic premium changes, and experts say that health care costs broadly are increasing at a lower rate than before the health care law took effect. Most people get their health care through the employer, which hasn’t seen the same premium spikes. And for people on the health care exchanges, federal subsidies are offsetting premium increases for many. Trump’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/22be5e24-12a9-440b-a32f-0242b44daa7e
Statement: Says U.N. arms treaty will mandate a "new international gun registry.
Speaker: steve stockman
About the speaker: Steve Stockman, a Republican from Friendswood, returned for a second term in the U.S. House in 2013 - 16 years after his first term. He unsuccessfully sought his party's U.S. Senate nomination in 2014.
Date: August 19, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: guns
Context: a letter forwarded to PolitiFact
Fact-check justification: Stockman said a U.N. treaty is  "mandating a new international gun registry." His  takes a treaty intended to curtail illicit weapons trade between countries and describes it as a step toward confiscating gun owners’ property. Nations that ratify the Arms Trade Treaty must track conventional arms that move across their borders, share some information about the transfers with the U.N. and other countries, then report the imports and exports in broad categories such as "battle tanks" to the U.N. each year. They must also regulate brokers, but requiring them to "register" is optional. Recording details such as the quantity and model of weapons in a shipment is also optional. We rate Stockman’s  as .   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: EPA administrator Scott Pruitt's short-term rental "was about market rate.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 7, 2018
Location: national
Topics: ethics
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said that Pruitt paid approximately market rate for the living space he rented from the wife of an energy lobbyist. Trump based that on a review from the EPA, but the agency later said it lacked all the facts to fully assess the situation. A real estate professional familiar with rents in the neighborhood said the terms of the lease were unusually convenient for Pruitt. Our scan of current rents showed that the prices of two-bedroom apartments were higher than what he would have paid if he had stayed there every night for the entire six months. Pruitt was there only about two-thirds of the time, paying closer to $1,000 a month. No one-or-two-bedroom units were available under any terms for that price. The one caveat is we haven’t seen the exact terms of Pruitt’s lease or exactly how he and his family used the condominium. With that in mind, we rate this  .
Statement: We are the only industrialized nation that doesn't guarantee workers paid family leave.
Speaker: kirsten gillibrand
About the speaker: Kirsten Gillibrand is a senator from New York. Gillibrand was appointed as senator in 2009 to fill Hillary Clinton’s vacated seat, as Clinton became U.S. Secretary of State under Barack Obama. Gillibrand won a special election in 2010 to retain her senate seat and won re-elections in 2012 and 2018. From 2007 to 2009, she served as the representative of New York’s 20th Congressional District. Gillibrand received a bachelor’s degree in Asian Studies from Dartmouth College and a J.D. from UCLA School of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in August.
Date: July 25, 2016
Location: national
Topics: families;jobs;women
Context: a speech at the Democratic National Convention
Fact-check justification: Gillibrand said that America is the only industrialized that doesn't guarantee workers paid family leave. If you don’t live in one of two states that require paid family leave, or work for an employer that voluntarily offers it, you can take time off when a little one arrives, but you won’t get paid. All other developed countries surveyed by the International Labor Organization mandate at least some paid maternity leave. Another international study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development found the same thing. There are some exclusions and limits in some countries, so the benefit is not universal. On balance, the statement holds up and we rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/a1644f61-7467-4b83-bced-b2c7ac9f3126
Statement: Says Candace Owens tweeted, "Yes, my husband did cheat on me with my brother. Yes, he said no when I asked to join.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 17, 2021
Topics: pundits;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: There’s another clue in the screenshot that this isn’t an authentic Owens tweet. At the bottom of the screenshot it says "view Tweet activity," which is a link to see data on the engagement with a given tweet. That marker would only appear under a Twitter user’s own tweet, because Twitter users can’t view other users’ tweet activity. For this image to be authentic, the screenshot would have to have been captured by Owens or someone with access to her account.   We rate this  .
Statement: The lieutenant governor has the power to be an "economic ambassador" and "negotiate" on economic development
Speaker: jeremy kapstein
About the speaker: Jeremy Kapstein is a Providence native and senior advisor for the Boston Red Sox. He was formerly a professional baseball agent and the CEO of the San Diego Padres. He was a candidate for lieutenant governor in 2010.
Date: July 20, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: legal issues
Context: a comment on the Dan York Show
Fact-check justification: "Yet there's simply nothing in the Constitution or in statutes or in case law that speaks to that." So there we are, a little stuck. Kapstein's not completely right. But he's not really  either. As much as we hate to do it, we'll split the difference and call it .
Statement: The incidents of threats against (President Barack Obama) are greater than for any other president in modern times.
Speaker: julian bond
About the speaker: Bond is the former chairman of the NAACP and a founder of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. He is a former Atlanta resident and member of the Georgia House of Representatives. Bond has taught college courses and was the narrator of the award-winning “Eyes on the Prize” television series about the civil rights movement.
Date: March 6, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: public safety
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: To recap, Bond said "the incidents of threats against (Obama) are greater than for any other president in modern times." But a former Secret Service director has twice said there has not been an increase. The Secret Service is, well, secret, so they won’t discuss the number of specific threats against Obama. There’s no concrete  that Bond and others have produced to back up their . We rate Bond’s  .
Statement: Toledo … is fourth in the nation behind much bigger cities — Miami, Las Vegas, Portland — in number of human trafficking arrests and rescues.
Speaker: teresa fedor
About the speaker: Teresa Fedor is a Democrat in the Ohio House of Representatives. Her district, the 47th House District, is in Northeast Ohio.
Date: December 1, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: human rights;crime
Context: the Ohio Senate
Fact-check justification: "We do know that we had a problem in Toledo, we know that it’s a city of origin and we know we’re making progress there." So let’s review what we found out: There is a small element of  behind Fedor’s statement; the 2009 report did have Toledo at No. 4 among 39 cities across the country that had arrest sweeps. But Fedor mischaracterized the statistic, omitting the word "minor" in her speech on the Senate floor.   And both the state’s top expert and the FBI suspect the statistic is . That’s why we rate her  as  -- but just .
Statement: Every illegal immigrant "can be eligible for up to $36,000 to $38,000 in earned income tax credits without paying a dime in.
Speaker: john fredericks
About the speaker: John Fredericks, a conservative radio talk show host in Virginia, has spent 25 years as a journalist, spapers in California, Georgia and Virginia. His radio show, The John Fredericks Show airs on weekdays from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m.  His show can be heard on the following stations:  
Hampton Roads – WHKT/AM 1650
Richmond – WNTW/AM 820
Roanoke – WFJX/FOX Radio AM 910
Streaming Online at http://thejohnfredericksradio.com
Date: February 28, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: immigration;taxes
Context: a radio show
Fact-check justification: Fredericks says, "Now we find out that every one of these illegals who came into this country illegally, that worked illegally, broke the law a number of times, now they can be eligible for up to $36,000 to $38,000 in earned income tax credits without paying a dime in." He’s  for a number of reasons: The maximum credits any family could receive is $24,320 for the four most recent tax years. "Everyone of these illegals" is not eligible for the maximum credit. To qualify, a family must have at least three children and a taxable income of no more than about $23,000 a year. Only 6.4 percent of families that applied for the credit in 2012  fell into that category. To receive back payments, immigrants would have to produce earning documents from past years. You can’t get the credit "without paying a dime in." You’d have to pay payroll taxes. Fredericks offers a scenario in which two families living together with three children apiece could  $36,000 in combined credits if they file taxes separately. But this hypothetical situation lies on the margins and doesn’t buttress Fredericks’  that all reclassified immigrants can be eligible for up to the maximum credit. We rate Fredericks’ statement .
Statement: Credit agency says Rep. Gibbs recklessly caused downgrade, higher interest rates.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: August 10, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: federal budget
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: In fact, some consumer interest rates could increase in the future, but rates so far have not increased on one indicator, offers for new credit cards. Regardless, we stumble over the DCCC's line that Gibbs can be blamed individually for the downgrade and any of its potential consequences, and over the way it gives the freshman legislator equal billing with Speaker of the House John Boehner. PolitiFact Ohio rated the similar GOP   , noting that it blamed Democrats for the downgrade, a  that contains an element of  because S&P held both parties responsible. The DCCC’s statement specifically claims that S&P blamed Gibbs for "recklessly" causing the downgrade and raising interest rates. That simply is not accurate, which on the -O-Meter makes it .
Statement: Pro-Lifers Declare 'Ejaculation Is Murder: Every Sperm Cell Is A Life.'
Speaker: thatviralfeed.net
About the speaker: A website that posts clickbait stories, aggregated social media posts and fabricated articles.
Date: May 16, 2016
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: an Internet post
Fact-check justification: While the sensational headline no doubt draws in readers to share the link, the story itself goes on to admit it is . Someone clicking through the pages of the story would see the infamous Trollface meme : There’s no indication on ThatViralFeed.net that anything on the site may be , but in this case, the site makes it clear if you get to the end. Some Facebook users posting the link seem to understand the story is , but many others do not. The site acknowledges the premise of the headline is made up, although you have to keep reading to get there. We rate it .
Statement: Says that in South Bend, Ind., the "black poverty fell by more than half on my watch.
Speaker: pete buttigieg
About the speaker: Pete Buttigieg is the Transportation secretary under President Joe Biden. Buttigieg was elected mayor of South Bend, Ind., in 2011 and was re-elected in 2015. He decided not to seek re-election and his term ended in January 2020. From 2009 to 2017, he served in the U.S. Navy Reserve and was a lieutenant. He received a bachelor’s degree in history and literature from Harvard College and a first-class honors bachelor’s degree in philosophy, politics and economics from Pembroke College as a Rhodes Scholar. He ran for president in the 2020 Democratic primaries.
Date: December 9, 2019
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;poverty
Context: an interview published by The Root
Fact-check justification: (Buttigieg’s comment draws from one-year estimates for 2017.) The other metric, five-year estimates with greater reliability, shows a decline of about 6%. Buttigieg’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it . Update: This fact-check was updated Dec. 13, 2019 to include comment provided by Buttigieg's campaign after publication.
Statement: Our economy still has three people looking for every job (opening).
Speaker: gene sperling
About the speaker: Gene Sperling is the director of the National Economic Council for President Barack Obama.
Date: January 5, 2014
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;labor
Context: an interview on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Sperling said that in today’s economy, there are three people looking for work per job available. We crunched BLS numbers and got the same ratio, as did economists. The BLS data has shortcomings, some that would make the ratio higher and some that would make it lower. It also might not accurately reflect what the climate looks like from the perspective of employers or job seekers. Still, these are minor quibbles. We rate his statement .
Statement: The Affordable Care Act is "not the law of the land.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: November 17, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: health care;public health;states;supreme court
Context: a meeting with the "Palm Beach Post" editorial board
Fact-check justification: Scott said he's refusing federal grant money to implement the Affordable Care Act in Florida "because it's not the law of the land."
Statement: One out of every three students currently today is ready for college before they go there.
Speaker: will weatherford
About the speaker: State Rep. Will Weatherford, R-Wesley Chapel, is Florida's Speaker of the House for 2013-14.
Date: September 10, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: at Suncoast Tiger Bay luncheon
Fact-check justification: For us, the facts here aligned pretty easily (thanks, Twitter). Weatherford said one in three Florida students graduates high school prepared for college. Based on Florida Department of Education  data , it’s two in three. We rate Weatherford’s  .
Statement: A campaign poster for New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern with the slogan, "No jab. No job, no refunds.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 6, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The caption on Shutterstock says the photo was taken Aug. 8, 2020, in Auckland. This PolitiFact illustration shows a campaign poster for New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern as displayed in Auckland on Aug. 8, 2020, top, and an altered version of the same poster with the text changed, bottom. (Top image: Shutterstock; bottom image: Twitter) The poster in the original photograph is clearer than the altered one circulating on social media, which includes blurry text and grammatical errors, in addition to the broken website link. We rate those posts .