chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Under the compromise tax agreement, "99.7% of American families will not pay 1 nickel in an estate tax.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: December 13, 2010
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a Twitter message
Fact-check justification: Had that plan gone through, the Tax Policy Center estimates it would have subjected 6,460 estates to a tax (bring in an estimated $18.2 billion). If no tax plan passes, and the rate goes back to 55 percent on the value of estates over $1 million, an 43,540 estates would have to pay (bringing in an estimated $34.4 billion next year). Sanders was correct that in 2009, when the effective exemption was $3.5 million, about 99.7 percent of all estates were exempt and didn't pay anything. The compromise plan -- which would set effective exemption at $5 million -- would push the number of exempted estates even higher, so that more than 99.8 percent of estates would not pay anything. We rate Sanders' comment .
Statement: During his tenure in Washington and in the Illinois State Senate, Barack Obama has accumulated a record of bipartisan success.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 6, 2007
Location: national
Context: the campaign's website
Fact-check justification: Gould declined to discuss Obama directly, but said, "It's easy enough to cosponsor things. It's very hard to judge effectiveness." But if it is difficult to evaluate Obama's work as a senator, it is possible to examine his voting record. An analysis conducted by Congressional Quarterly and released last week showed that, for the votes so far in 2007, Obama voted with his party's position 96 percent of the time. For someone who may be trying to paint himself as bipartisan, that's pretty partisan.
Statement: The top man at Yale Law School came out ... with just a raging report" about former HP CEO Carly Fiorina, saying she is "one of the worst executives in his memory in history running the company.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 13, 2015
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an interview on "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "The top man at Yale Law School came out, Jeffrey Sonnenfeld, with just a raging report" about former HP CEO Carly Fiorina, saying she is "one of the worst executives in his memory in history running the company." Trump misses minor points about the Yale man and his message. Sonnenfeld teaches at Yale’s business school. He is not the law school’s "top man. And Sonnenfeld doesn’t exactly say Fiorina is the worst HP CEO in "his memory." However, the gist of Trump’s  is accurate, as Sonnenfeld has been a vocal critic of Fiorina’s HP record for years. Trump’s  is missing some detail but is overall on point about Sonnenfeld’s long-running critique of Fiorina. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: Says Sen. Charles Schumer "repeatedly supported a physical barrier in the past along with many other Democrats. They changed their mind only after I was elected president.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 8, 2019
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a televised speech
Fact-check justification: Trump said Schumer has "has repeatedly supported a physical barrier in the past along with many other Democrats. They changed their mind only after I was elected president." Schumer, along with tens of other Democrats including former President Barack Obama, voted for the Secure Fence Act of 2006, which authorized building a fence along about 700 miles of the border between the United States and Mexico. That’s the majority of the barrier in place today along the southern border. However, the fence was mocked as a "nothing wall" by Trump in the past and was far less ambitious, both politically and physically, than the wall Trump wants to build now. Finally, Trump says the Democrats no longer support their previous position simply because he wants it. But Democrats have actually proposed current funding for the fencing that was approved in 2006.  We rate this statement .
Statement: The president of the United States came in the Tuesday before the election in a ward that went 99% for him in the last election and they couldn't even (increase) the vote there.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: November 7, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Burke drew 13 percent more Milwaukee votes in 2014 than Barrett did in 2010. Our rating Walker said: "The president of the United States came in the Tuesday before the election in a ward that went 99% for him in the last election and they couldn't even (increase) the vote there." The numbers back him up: turnout in that ward -- and citywide was down, and so were the votes for Democrats in 2014 when compared to the most recent governor’s race, the 2012 recall. Turnout also was down in that ward compared to the 2010 turnout in Walker’s first race, though citywide it was higher in 2014 than four years earlier. We rate his  .
Statement: Health care reform will not affect veterans' benefits.
Speaker: david axelrod
About the speaker: David Axelrod is a former senior adviser to President Barack Obama. He is now an analyst for NBC News.
Date: August 13, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care;veterans
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: "What the White House is saying is ," said Bernard Edelman, deputy director for policy and government affairs for the Vietnam Veterans of America. Edelman said that another part of the White House  – that “the president's budget significantly expands coverage under the VA, extending care to 500,000 more veterans who were previously excluded” – also adds up. Obama’s first budget plan opened the VA’s doors to about that many vets previously excluded from care. So, by all accounts, the administration is correct that health care reform will not keep veterans from getting the care they currently receive. So for this one, Axelrod earns a .
Statement: The federal government is now on track" for the second-largest budget deficit "in 65 years.
Speaker: glenn beck
About the speaker: Glenn Beck is the host of The Glenn Beck Program, a nationally syndicated talk-radio show. He also hosts an Internet-based TV show. Beck formerly hosted a television talk show on CNN Headline News and then Fox News.
Date: August 25, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;pundits
Context: comments on his TV show
Fact-check justification: So let's review. Beck said that we're on track to have the second-biggest budget deficit in 65 years. According to the Congressional Budget Office, he's right. Going by the administration's own estimate, the situation is even more dire. We found disagreement among economists as to why the deficits are soaring, but Beck's point stands, so we rate this .
Statement: The Tampa Bay Rays' "prices have been judged the most affordable in all of professional sports.
Speaker: stuart sternberg
About the speaker: Stuart Sternberg is the principal owner of the Tampa Bay Rays baseball team.
Date: June 21, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: baseball;economy
Context: a press statement
Fact-check justification: And here's the point. Sternberg accurately cites an ESPN study in saying that the Rays have been "judged the most affordable (team) in all of professional sports." But we're not sure an ESPN survey of 50,000 fans represents a  picture of the affordability of the Rays, or any of the other 121 professional sports franchises. There are so many variables when it comes to ticket pricing -- be it the opponent or the day of the week -- or parking, or concession prices that it's just hard to make a fair judgment. Because the survey is suspect, we rate Sternberg's statement .
Statement: Says Melania Trump lied under oath in 2013 about graduating from college with a bachelor's degree in architecture.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 9, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a story
Fact-check justification:  and previous reporting shows that Melania falsely stated she graduated college with a bachelor’s degree while under oath. But Political Flare’s inflammatory headline, along with others published by left-leaning websites, makes readers believe this is a new piece of information. It isn’t. The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. We rate it .
Statement: In 2011, for example, the United Kingdom had 146 deaths due to gun violence; Denmark, 71; Portugal, 142; and Japan, 30. But last year, in the United States, almost 40,000.
Speaker: jerrold nadler
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Jerrold "Jerry" Nadler represents New York's 10th Congressional District. The district includes The district includes Manhattan’s Upper West Side, Morningside Heights, Hell’s Kitchen, Chelsea, Greenwich Village, Soho and Wall Street, as well as the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Borough Park and Kensington. Nadler is a Democrat.
Date: February 6, 2019
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: a committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Nadler said, "In 2011, for example, the United Kingdom had 146 deaths due to gun violence; Denmark, 71; Portugal, 142; and Japan, 30. But last year, in the United States, almost 40,000." The numbers Nadler mentioned were largely accurate for their corresponding years, but his  was missing some context. Some of Nadler’s exact figures were dated, and they didn’t consider each country’s relative population. Still, the most recent figure shows that magnitude and rate of firearm-related deaths in the United States surpass most, if not all, of its industrialized counterparts. We rate Nadler’s statement .
Statement: There's no scientific conclusion that (being gay) is genetic.
Speaker: tim pawlenty
About the speaker: Tim Pawlenty is the former governor of Minnesota, having served two terms in office from 2003-2011.
Date: July 10, 2011
Location: national
Topics: lgbtq;science
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Scientists told us that genetics may play a role in determining sexual orientation, but the current  suggests that it’s not the dominant factor and may ultimately be shown to play just a modest role. But a modest role is still different from no role. And we also think that viewers of the interview might be led to believe that because homosexuality is not primarily caused by genes, there’s no biological cause. In reality, most scientists do believe that sexual orientation is caused by biology, rather than by choice. On balance, we rate Pawlenty’s statement .
Statement: Says he is "one of America's leading consumer lawyers.
Speaker: tim burns
About the speaker: Tim Burns, who lives in the Madison suburb of Middleton, has a national law practice representing businesses and individuals against insurers. In 2017, he announced he would run in 2018 for a seat on the Wisconsin Supreme Court.
Date: February 6, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;consumer safety;corporations;legal issues
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: And Burns’s profile on his law firm’s website also cites business : Tim is favorably ranked in the 2006 (Illinois), 2007 (recommended in "Insurance" nationally), and 2008 to 2016 (Band 2 - nationally) editions of Chambers USA: America's Leading Lawyers for Business. The picture is clear. Our rating Burns says he is "one of America's leading consumer lawyers." The bulk of his legal work is not representing individual consumers, but rather large businesses that are suing their insurers. We rate Burns’ statement .
Statement: Says that compared to direct sales by manufacturers, consumers "save avg of $500 per car sold through franchised dealer model.
Speaker: texas automobile dealers association
About the speaker: The Texas Automobile Dealers Association (TADA) is the statewide trade association representing over 1,300 franchised automobile dealerships in nearly 300 communities.
Date: September 21, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: transportation
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The auto dealers association responded to a tweet talking up direct sales by car manufacturers by saying consumers save an average of $500 by shopping at traditional roadside dealers. However, studies offered to back up this  didn’t gauge whether shoppers save money by visiting dealers rather than buying directly from manufacturers. The $500 savings figure ties to shopping roadside dealers offering the same model of car. We rate the  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Clerks in Milwaukee and Dane Counties colluded to (add) nearly 250,000 individuals to the 'Indefinitely Confined' voter list.
Speaker: joe sanfelippo
About the speaker: Joe Sanfelippo was elected to the State Assembly in 2012 as a Republican from West Allis. He's a small businessman who owned and operated a landscaping business. He served a term on the Milwaukee County Board of Supervisors from 2008-12.
Date: November 9, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;states
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Sanfelippo said, "Clerks in Milwaukee and Dane Counties colluded to (add) nearly 250,000 individuals to the ‘Indefinitely Confined’ voter list." Each element of this  runs into issues. Clerks don’t determine who is on the list as this implies, they simply record which voters list themselves this way. They don’t even have the authority to remove someone from it. And we’ve seen no  of the boldest element of this , that some kind of collusion was involved. The two clerks did communicate, but as part of a larger group email. For our fact checks, the burden of proof is on the speaker, who refused to provide any . We rate this  .
Statement: Says Rep. Charles Bass "supports privatizing Social Security, risking trillions more on Wall Street.
Speaker: ann mclane kuster
About the speaker: Ann McLane Kuster was the Democratic nominee for Congress in the Second Congressional District of New Hampshire, narrowly losing by just 3,551 votes in 2010.
Kuster, an attorney, has not held elected office, but her parents did. Her mother, Susan McLane was a State Senator, and her father Malcolm served as Mayor of Concord, on the Executive Council, and ran for Governor as an Independent in 1972.
Kuster, of Hopkingtom, graduated from Dartmouth College in 1978, in the third class with women, and received her law degree from Georgetown University Law Center in 1984.
Date: June 7, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: social security
Context: a rally outside the N.H. Statehouse
Fact-check justification: "To address this financial crisis facing the Social Security program, one such idea Congressman Bass has supported would create a program that would allow individuals to voluntarily place a portion of their money that they currently pay as part of the payroll tax and place it into a personal account," Tranchemontagne wrote in an email to The Telegraph. "Saying that (he) supports ‘privatizing Social Security’ is pure political rhetoric devised by Democrat spin doctors to frighten seniors." Our ruling: Bass, like most other Congressional Republicans at the time, supported President Bush’s plan to introduce the option of private savings account into the Social Security equation. This partial privatization plan would have brought change to the system, but, as PolitiFact has ruled in the past, it would not affect people older than 55 and it does not meet the criteria for full privatization, as Kuster claims. We rate her statement .
Statement: In her short time in the United States Senate, the senator from New York, Senator Clinton, got $500-million worth of pork barrel projects.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: February 3, 2008
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: Fairfield, Conn
Fact-check justification: So McCain is right that Clinton has brought truckloads of bacon to her New York constituents. McCain just dramatically understates the amount. (McCain's campaign said he was simply being "conservative" with his .) For our ruling, we find that while McCain's numbers are low, he's actually more correct than he realizes because she's brought so much pork to New York. We rate his attack .
Statement: The ABA's own criteria for a judicial nominee call for, among other things, at least 12 years' experience in the practice of law, and they mean actual practice of law.
Speaker: jon kyl
About the speaker: Jon Kyl represented Arizona in the U.S. Senate from January 3,1995 to January 3, 2013. He served as the Republican party whip from 2007 to 2013. Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey appointed Kyl to succeed Sen. John McCain, who died while in office Aug. 25, 2018.
Date: June 28, 2010
Location: national
Topics: kagan nomination;legal issues
Context: a hearing on the Supreme Court nomination of Elena Kagan
Fact-check justification: The sentence sets up two alternatives -- either "distinguished accomplishments in the field of law or experience that is similar to in-court trial work." We see no requirement that the "distinguished accomplishments" be directly related to the in-court practice of law. Ultimately, then, Kyl is correct to say that the ABA does "call for" 12 years of practical law experience. But he leaves out an important qualifier -- that there's a way around that through "distinguished accomplishments in the field of law." So we rate his statement .
Statement: China's developing country status in the World Trade Organization "means they can tariff and embargo.
Speaker: anthony scaramucci
About the speaker: Anthony Scaramucci briefly served as President Donald Trump's communications director. He started his career at Goldman Sachs and went on to found the global investment firm SkyBridge Capital. He most recently served on Trump's transition team.
Date: May 11, 2019
Topics: china;trade;punditfact
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Scaramucci said China’s status in the WTO as a developing nation "means they can tariff and embargo." All WTO members — developed and developing nations, alike — have a right to tariff. However, they must agree not to exceed certain tariff caps. Having the status of "developing nation" does not free a country from its obligations. Members are also generally prohibited from imposing embargoes. But developing countries typically do negotiate higher tariff caps than their developed counterparts. Experts also said there’s some  that China has exploited its developing country status to gain an advantage. We rate this .
Statement: Trey Radel does not even qualify to drive a Lee County school bus at this point, yet he occupies a seat in Congress.
Speaker: mike scott
About the speaker: Mike Scott has been the sheriff in Lee County since 2004.
Date: January 11, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: congress;drugs
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In a Facebook post vowing to advocate for Radel’s replacement, Scott said, "The sad reality is that Trey Radel does not even qualify to drive a Lee County school bus at this point, yet he occupies a seat in Congress." Radel was convicted of misdemeanor cocaine possession in Washington. If he had been charged in Florida he would have faced a felony. Under the unlikely scenario that Radel’s future career plans include applying for a job as a Lee County school bus driver, the district’s policies state that it won’t hire anyone currently on probation or who pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor drug charge within the past five years, or a felony drug charge in the past decade. Radel’s future as a congressman may be in the hands of the voters of Southwest Florida. But Scott is correct that Radel’s drug conviction has put the brakes on him becoming a bus driver. We rate this  .
Statement: The law is very clear! 'The monies recouped from the TARP shall be paid into the general fund of the treasury for the reduction of the public debt.'
Speaker: judd gregg
About the speaker: Judd Gregg is a former U.S. senator from New Hampshire and was also briefly President Barack Obama’s nominee to head the Department of Commerce.
Date: February 2, 2010
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: a Senate budget hearing
Fact-check justification: For example, Congress could rescind the TARP money and then, in a separate action, use it to pay other expenses, said Brian Riedl, lead budget analyst for the conservative Heritage Foundation. "Congress can of course vote to spend new money on anything it wants," Dean Baker, an economist and co-director of the left-leaning Center for Economic and Policy Research in Washington, told us in December. In Gregg's case, though, he's strictly talking about what the law says, that TARP money cannot be used for anything other than deficit reduction.  He's right and we find his  .