chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Bike lanes and sidewalks have been proven to reduce crashes by up to 38 percent on Austin's streets.
Speaker: bike austin
About the speaker: Bike Austin, an advocacy group, says its mission is to "improves quality of life for all of Austin and Central Texas by growing bicycling as a form of transportation, exercise, and recreation."
Date: June 8, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: city government;corrections and updates;transportation
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Bike Austin said: "Bike lanes and sidewalks have been proven to reduce crashes by up to 38 percent on Austin’s streets." Research suggests big drops in pedestrian-vehicle accidents when sidewalks are introduced. But Bike Austin didn’t offer nor did we find research showing the addition of bike lanes in themselves or bike lanes plus sidewalks resulted in any percentage plummet in crashes. Instead, the city analysis states that reconfiguring lanes on part of one road, which also gained bike lanes, preceded 38 percent fewer crashes--with crash reductions averaging 29 percent among five road-diet projects. We rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/17fb7c14-9a39-45dd-a42d-d4fdaae3d443
Statement: Chris Jacobs "has been financed by the same men who are now facing charges in one of Western New York's largest public corruption schemes
Speaker: matt tighe
About the speaker: Matt Tighe is the campaign manager for Democrat Amber Small in her run for State Senate in 2016.
Date: September 25, 2016
Location: new york
Topics: campaign finance
Context: The Buffalo News
Fact-check justification: Amber Small’s campaign manager said in The Buffalo News that Chris Jacobs "has been financed by the same men who are now facing charges in one of Western New York’s largest public corruption schemes." It’s  that Ciminelli and Laipple have given to Jacobs in the past, but not in the race for state Senate. Their donations account for a small portion of what Jacobs has raised this year and in years past. We rate this  as .
Statement: Says the media created the term "polar vortex" and the cold air proves "the ice isn't melting.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: January 6, 2014
Topics: climate change;weather;punditfact
Context: comments on his radio show
Fact-check justification: Limbaugh claimed the media made up the "polar vortex" to bolster global warming. What the cold snap does prove, he says, is Arctic sea ice is not melting -- that global warming is a hoax. Climate scientists told us his rant is wildly misinformed. The polar vortex has been a part of science for decades, and it certainly does not prove that sea ice is not melting. We rate this !
Statement: A photo shows a large crowd in Berlin protesting the "covid hoax.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 2, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The house and techno music parade travels around Lake Zurich; organizers estimated that approximately 850,000 people attended the event in 2019. Meanwhile, thousands of people did participate in demonstrations in Berlin against the country’s COVID-19 restrictions. German police estimated that at least 17,000 people turned out for the Aug. 1 march, which was followed by a sit-in at Berlin's Brandenburg Gate.   But this photo doesn’t depict that event. .
Statement: Actor Brad Pitt: 'Trump is not my president, we have no future with this…'
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 13, 2018
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: blog post headline
Fact-check justification: A headline on Conservativetown.com said,  "Actor Brad Pitt: ‘Trump Is Not My President, We Have No Future With This…’" The content of the article  referenced real quotes, attributed to the  sources. They failed to acknowledge the satirical role Pitt was playing on The Jim Jefferies Show . And while Pitt made comments critical of Trump, he never said, "Trump is not my president," as the headline claimed. We rate this statement .
Statement: We cut business taxes so today 70 percent of our businesses don't pay a business tax.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: August 30, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: small business;taxes
Context: a speech at an Americans for Prosperity Foundation conference
Fact-check justification: Scott said "70 percent of our businesses don't pay a business tax." His general point was that during his tenure, he’s been cutting all sorts of taxes. State data for 2011 taxes shows that 76.8 percent of businesses don’t pay the corporate income tax due to the exemption. Scott is including some very small businesses here in his calculation and omitting that many of them were exempt from paying this tax before he took office. We rate this  .
Statement: Hawaii to no longer recognize out-of-state driver's licenses.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 14, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: So does the County of Maui .   The City and County of Honolulu further says that residents of countries that ratified the Geneva Convention on Road Traffic may use their foreign national driver’s license along with a passport to legally drive in Hawaii.   The Hawaii Department of Transportation did not respond to PolitiFact’s query about the post. But a spokesperson for the agency told Snopes that the post is  and that the state isn’t introducing these restrictions.   We rate this post .
Statement: The Great Lakes Compact has a loophole. And the loophole is that while you cannot remove the water in a big transport, you can remove it in containers of 5.7 gallons or less.
Speaker: dennis kucinich
About the speaker: Dennis Kucinich is running in the Democratic primary for governor of Ohio in 2018. Kucinich was elected to Congress in 1996. He previously served as a member of the city council and as mayor in Cleveland, the city where he was born in 1946. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Case Western University. He has been married since 2005 to Elizabeth Harper. He was married twice before and has one child. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 25, 2008.
Date: August 16, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: environment
Context: a video posted online
Fact-check justification: Food & Water Watch, a non-profit organization based in Washington that promotes healthy food and affordable drinking water, estimates that the total amount of tap water and spring water bottled in PET plastic for sale in retail stores across the United States in 2009 amounted to about 5.2 billion gallons. That's for the entire year. Kucinich is correct that the Great Lakes compact allows water to be removed in small containers. But experts appear skeptical that that "loophole" will have a serious impact. We rate Kucinich's statement .
Statement: I did not oppose busing in America. What I opposed is busing ordered by the Department of Education.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: June 27, 2019
Location: national
Topics: education;race and ethnicity
Context: Miami
Fact-check justification: Biden said "I did not oppose busing in America. What I opposed is busing ordered by the Department of Education." Biden qualified his opposition to busing by saying opposing the federal government forcing busing on communities. But the record shows Biden opposed busing, as shown through his positions on legislation, and statements multiple times starting the mid 1970s. We’ll note that while Biden opposed busing in the face of protests from his constituents, he nevertheless supported many other aspects desegregation and civil rights.  We rate Biden’s statement .
Statement: A YouGov.com poll shows 71 percent of Obama voters regret voting for him.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: February 18, 2014
Topics: polls and public opinion;punditfact
Context: conservative blogs
Fact-check justification: Reports on blogs, television, radio and Twitter said a YouGov.com poll showed 71 percent of Obama voters regret voting for him. The number is wildly high, based on incomplete wording in a poll report and a less-than-perfect reading of that report by news organizations. Surveys require a great deal of attention from pollsters and reporters alike, especially ones with political overtones, said Karlyn Bowman, a polling analyst at the conservative American Enterprise Institute. As the sample size shrinks, the margin of error rate expands. Point being, while the overall YouGov poll had a margin of error of plus or minus 3.8 percentage points, the question about regret would have a much higher margin of error.   "You’ve got to be really careful when you’re looking at subsamples of subsamples of subsamples," Bowman said. In this case, that didn’t happen. We rate this  .
Statement: Harry Reid was against (the nuclear option) before he was for it. Mitch McConnell was for it before he was against it. President Obama was against it before he was for it.
Speaker: matthew dowd
About the speaker: Matthew Dowd is an author and MSNBC analyst. In 2021, he briefly ran for the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor of Texas. He served as chief political strategist to Republican President George W. Bush.
Date: November 24, 2013
Topics: punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Dowd accused leaders like Obama, Reid and McConnell of changing their stances on the Senate’s nuclear option. In 2005, when there was a Republican president and Senate majority, McConnell and others advocated for (but never invoked) an end to filibustering nominees. Now, when a Democratic president and Senate majority have invoked the same change, McConnell opposed it. Meanwhile, Democrats like Obama and Reid supported the same change they fiercely attacked during the Bush administration. We rate Dowd’s  .
Statement: 80 percent of the American people haven't gotten a pay raise since the crash.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: March 20, 2016
Location: arizona
Topics: jobs
Context: a campaign rally for Hillary Clinton
Fact-check justification: Bill Clinton said, "80 percent of the American people haven’t gotten a pay raise since the crash." The former president is accurate. While there were modest increases in real wages and median weekly earnings in 2015, they come with asterisks. Inflation’s one-time decline in 2015 is an outlier. And, weekly wages leaves out other sources of income. Some households rely on sources outside of wages and salaries as part of their income. We rate Bill Clinton’s  as .
Statement: Obama's plan to raise the capital gains tax "hurts the middle class.
Speaker: republican national committee
About the speaker: The Republican National Committee is the national arm of the Republican Party.
Date: May 18, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: The ad says that Obama's plan to raise capital gains taxes "hurts the middle class," but it's hard to see how that's  of a tax that directly affects — at most — 11 percent of a very generous definition of the middle class. Are there a few middle-class people who pay the tax? Sure. But on the whole, capital gains taxes are disproportionately paid by higher-income brackets. We find the RNC's  to be .
Statement: President Joe Biden said "this s--- will turn your pacemaker off.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 13, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) The video in the post comes from a Feb. 9 speech Biden gave in Tampa, Florida, about protecting Social Security and Medicare.   He didn’t mention pacemakers, or make the other remarks heard in the post. Here’s an official video of his remarks and here’s the White House transcript . We rate claims that this video is authentic !
Statement: Toledo Mayor "Mike Bell (once) lost his job as a firefighter because his city ran out of money.
Speaker: building a better ohio
About the speaker: Building a Better Ohio is a political action committee promoting passage of Issue 2 in Ohio. Passage of the state issue would allow provisions of Senate Bill 5, a law overhauling collective bargaining rules for public workers in Ohio, to be implemented.
Date: September 6, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: labor;unions
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: PolitiFact Ohio isn’t rating that part of Bell’s statement today. Whether SB 5 is the answer remains hotly debated and we are not examining its merits or flaws. But the  that Bell was once laid off as a firefighter is accurate. And it is  that his layoff followed an impasse in labor talks with city workers and a strike. On the -O-Meter, the  about Bell in Building a Better Ohio’s rates .
Statement: The Employment Non-Discrimination Act "discriminates against Christian daycare, Christian parents, Christian business owners, and the rights of religious freedom.
Speaker: traditional values coalition
About the speaker: The Traditional Values Coalition is a religious activist group with conservative values based in Washington, D.C.
Date: December 6, 2013
Location: national
Topics: lgbtq;religion;workers
Context: a fundraising email
Fact-check justification: The Traditional Values Coalition said ENDA discriminates "against Christian daycare, Christian parents, Christian business owners, and the rights of religious freedom." The bill’s religious exemption indicates that churches, church-run initiatives and other religious businesses need not comply by employing people of all sexualities and gender identities. And there’s no special negative treatment for Christians. Businesses of any religion could qualify for the exemption. Individuals of any faith who oppose sexuality would have to abide by the law, so no religion is singled out. We can understand why religious conservatives may take issue with this bill. However, the rhetoric in the email is too broad and overstated, and claims to speak for all Christians. We rate this  .
Statement: There's more union jobs growing in Texas, which is a right-to-work state, than in Illinois, and factory workers make more money in Texas than they do in Illinois.
Speaker: bruce rauner
About the speaker: Bruce Rauner was elected governor of Illinois in 2014. He became the first Republican governor in the state in 12 years upon his inauguration in January 2015. The gubernatorial campaign was Rauner's first foray into politics. He previously had been a principal at the private equity firm GTCR in Chicago.
Date: May 11, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: jobs
Context: a policy forum
Fact-check justification: While making a point about Illinois’ business climate, Rauner said "there’s more union jobs growing in Texas, which is a right-to-work state, than in Illinois and factory workers make more money in Texas than they do in Illinois." His office sent us data indicating Texas grew more union jobs, and at a faster clip, than did Illinois. It also pointed to federal data showing manufacturing workers in Texas made $100 more per week on average than their Illinois counterparts. But such numbers belie the fact that Illinois couldn’t be Texas if it tried. The more populous state has grown its manufacturing — and therefore, its union — jobs thanks to a booming economy that’s received a major boost from its oil and gas industry, something Illinois thanks to its geography and geology simply doesn’t have. And despite a stalled economy in Illinois, union workers still make up a greater share of the workforce in Illinois than they do in Texas, which, according to labor expert Robert Bruno, is a more accurate indicator of employment opportunity for those seeking a union job. Rauner’s claims about union jobs growth and pay disparities in the manufacturing sector pencil out on paper. But his selective use of data leaves out important context and distorts trends far more nuanced than he describes. For that reason, we rate the governor’s assertions .
Statement: Says "Bill Pascrell voted to eliminate all estate taxes for billionaires, and I voted no.
Speaker: steve rothman
About the speaker: Steven R. Rothman served as a Democratic congressman representing parts of northern New Jersey between January 1997 and January 2013. He left office after losing a primary election to Rep. Bill Pascrell.
Date: April 18, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: message machine 2012;taxes
Context: a video posted on YouTube
Fact-check justification: In a video posted April 18 on YouTube, Rothman claimed "Bill Pascrell voted to eliminate all estate taxes for billionaires, and I voted no." Pascrell did vote in June 2000 for a bill to gradually repeal the estate tax, but after Clinton vetoed the legislation, the congressman reversed his position and rejected the bill in September 2000. In subsequent years, Pascrell voted against repealing the estate tax on at least seven occasions. Since Rothman’s  "ignores critical facts that would give a different impression," his statement is . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: About 800 people refused to get a drug screening because they are "out there on drugs.
Speaker: paige kreegel
About the speaker: Paige Kreegel is a state representative from Punta Gorda, Fla.
Date: February 15, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: drugs;welfare
Context: the state Legislature
Fact-check justification: Let's review. Kreegel said about 80 people failed a 2011 drug screening requirement to receive welfare, and about 800 more applied for benefits but refused to be screened because they are "out there on drugs." One of our principles for fact-checking is that people have to have  for what they say. In this case, Kreegel doesn’t have  to back up that statement. Meanwhile, drug-testing opponents have offered a number of other reasons why someone might not want take a drug test. And the department that administers the tests can't say why people don't take it.  Kreegel's numbers are also off. They’re actually higher than he stated, as 108 people failed the test and 2,306 applied for benefits but did not take the test.  So Kreegel gets the numbers . But more importantly, he makes a blanket statement about people who don't take the test being on drugs, when  doesn't exist. We rate his  .
Statement: Unemployment now pays $24/hour, even if your wages were lower. Why don't 'essential' people forced to still work get $24, too?
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 29, 2020
Topics: economy;jobs;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The post says, "Unemployment now pays $24/hour, even if your wages were lower. Why don’t ‘essential’ people forced to still work get $24, too?" This is an oversimplification. Other than a one-time stimulus payment of $1,200 that will go to most employed and unemployed adults, the latest  federal stimulus law responding to the coronavirus outbreak does not contain any additional provision to boost the pay of workers still employed, including those in essential jobs earning less than $24 per hour. In addition, the law gives a $600-per-week boost in unemployment payments, meaning that some recipients will receive payments equivalent to a $24 hourly rate. However, the law does not specify that weekly unemployment payments be the equivalent of $24 per hour. Unemployed Americans who live in states with less generous unemployment benefits will receive less.  The statement is partially accurate but needs additional context, so our rating is .
Statement: Says only certain face masks are effective and others, such as cloth masks, are not.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 2, 2020
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Social media posts  that certain face masks are ineffective and provide "0% protection." More research needs to be done but we found that medical experts widely refute the . Higher medical-grade masks offer the most protection, but homemade masks are also effective, particularly when they fit snuggly and are made of multiple layers. No mask is 100% effective, but health care officials stress that face masks increase their effectiveness when combined with other measures, such as social distancing and regular hand washing. We rate this .
Statement: Rail "doesn't do a great job in lessening traffic.
Speaker: chip rogers
About the speaker: State Senator Chip Rogers is a Republican from Woodstock.
Date: August 22, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: transportation
Context: a meeting
Fact-check justification: A few experts argue that it does little to nothing. That said, Rogers left out an important fact that might have opened his take on the transportation tax to obvious criticism: No increase in capacity -- not even the construction of new road lanes -- can end congestion. Roads and rail have similar effects. Rogers’ statement is accurate, but could have used a little more context. We rate it .