chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Scott Walker's views on abortion are more restrictive "than any Republican president in recent times.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: June 3, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: abortion;candidate biography;civil rights;legal issues;women
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: In 1987, he promoted a bill with a provision that "no funds appropriated by Congress shall be used to perform abortions, except where the life of the mother would be endangered if the fetus were carried to term." Our rating Baldwin said Walker's views on abortion are more restrictive "than any Republican president in recent times." Walker supports outlawing abortion in all circumstances. The three most recent GOP presidents each supported exceptions, such as allowing abortion to protect the life of the mother. We rate Baldwin’s statement .
Statement: Photos show celebrities reacting to Will Smith slapping Chris Rock.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 27, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) This grid of photos has been online since 2017, when "Moonlight" won Best Picture at the Oscars. But that night, "La La Land" was first wrongly named as the award’s winner and its producers were making their acceptance speeches when it was revealed that there had been a  — "Moonlight" was the actual winner.    Actors including Matt Damon, Dwayne Johnson, Busy Phillips, Meryl Streep, Salma Hayek and David Oyelowo were all reacting to the blunder.   We rate these posts .
Statement: Maryland is "creating jobs at 2 ½ times the rate that Virginia is.
Speaker: martin o'malley
About the speaker: Martin O'Malley is the former governor of Maryland who is running for the Democratic nomination for president in 2016. He has also served as the mayor of Baltimore.
Date: February 5, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Two economists told us better measurements would come from comparing unadjusted job figures from the same month in different years. Under this formula, using numbers from December 2010 and December 2011, the two states essentially came out even. When we compared each month in 2010 to its counterpart in 2011, Virginia usually came out ahead of Maryland. So O’Malley’s  only approaches validity when he gets to cherry-pick the data. We rate his statement .
Statement: Most (immigrants) do show up in court.
Speaker: wolf blitzer
About the speaker: Wolf Blitzer is a CNN anchor and host.
Date: June 19, 2018
Topics: immigration;punditfact
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Blitzer said "most (immigrants) do show up in court." Around 60-75 percent of non-detained migrants have attended their immigration court proceedings, according to Justice Department data from the last five available years. Some limited data suggests rates may be higher for asylum-seekers. That said, it’s important to note that in absolute terms, a significant number of migrants have had in absentia deportation orders filed against them for failure to appear in court, which Blitzer’s statement overlooks. We rate this .
Statement: Says Gov. Tony Evers "tried to make us pay even more at the pump by hiking the gas tax.
Speaker: wisconsin manufacturers and commerce
About the speaker: Wisconsin Manufacturers and Commerce is Wisconsin's largest business group. It says its members include large and small manufacturers, service companies, local chambers of commerce and specialized trade associations. WMC is also a lobbying organization and often gets involved in state political races.
Date: March 7, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: gas prices;transportation;taxes
Context: TV ad
Fact-check justification: A WMC Issues Mobilization Council ad claimed Evers "tried to make us pay even more at the pump by hiking the gas tax." In his first budget, the governor did propose an increase in the gas tax. But the ad ignores what was coupled with it: A move to eliminate the state’s "minimum markup" law as it relates to gasoline, which Evers and his office argued would be a net reduction for drivers.  The inclusion of the elimination of the minimum markup law for gasoline in the plan undermines the idea that Evers was trying to make consumers pay more. At the same time, it was – and remains – far from clear that the elimination would reduce prices in the long run. And we have already seen, with inflation, that much of that initial savings would already have been eaten up. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, our rating is .
Statement: Your government quietly confirmed the fully vaccinated are developing Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 15, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A spokesperson for the UK Health Security Agency told PolitiFact last year that "COVID-19 vaccines do not cause AIDS. "  According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "there is no association between COVID-19 vaccines and risk for HIV infection. "  Medical experts have echoed this.   There is "no way" any COVID-19 vaccine can cause HIV infection or AIDS, Dr. David Wohl, an infectious disease expert specializing in HIV research told us.   We rate this post !
Statement: We flood communities with so many guns that it is easier for a teenager to buy a Glock than get his hands on a computer or even a book.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 12, 2016
Location: national
Topics: guns
Context: Dallas
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "We flood communities with so many guns that it is easier for a teenager to buy a Glock than get his hands on a computer or even a book." There’s little doubt that in some lower-income and high-crime neighborhoods, it is strikingly easy for even teens to acquire a handgun. On this, there is ample anecdotal . But buying a gun is not likely to be cheaper than buying -- or borrowing -- a book or securing access to a computer, even for teens in poor neighborhoods. On multiple levels, Obama’s comparison is flawed. We rate it .
Statement: The health care reform law "reduces the deficit by nearly $1.2 trillion over the next two decades.
Speaker: bobby scott
About the speaker: Bobby Scott, D-3rd, has been a member of the U.S. House of Representatives since 1993. The district is comprised of all of Charles City and Surry counties and Petersburg and Portsmouth and portions of Henrico and Prince George counties and Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk and Richmond. Scott has seats on the Judiciary and Education and Labor committees.
Scott previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1979-83 and in the state Senate in 1983-93. He was a member of the National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve. He was a lawyer in a private practice from 1973-91.
Scott was born in Washington, D.C. He earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., in 1969 and a law degree from Boston College in 1973.
Date: November 16, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: deficit;economy;health care
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: "So the number is probably not right, and even if it were, it's meaningless," Book said. So, let’s review: Scott says health care reform would reduce the deficit by nearly $1.2 trillion over the next two decades. While it’s  that the CBO report he relies on says the health care bill -- with the proposed reconciliation -- would continue to improve the deficit situation in the second 10 years, it does not arrive at a $1.2 trillion figure. To do that, Scott relies on speculative GDP projections to predict a number that that CBO itself says would "not be meaningful because the uncertainties involved are simply too great." So we rate the  .
Statement: Says Florida Gov. Rick Scott "just signed a bill that could make most of Florida's beaches private.
Speaker: for our future florida
About the speaker: For Our Future Florida is a progressive advocacy group. 
Date: April 22, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: environment
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: For Our Future Florida said that Scott "just signed a bill that could make most of Florida’s beaches private." The law does benefit private beach owners in a way. But this is a poor explanation that obscures critical facts. The law Scott signed would not result in turning more public beaches into private ones. In reality, when the law takes effect, it will make it harder for local governments to guarantee public access to beaches that are already private by throwing in a new judicial obstacle. It’s unclear at this point how the law will change private beach access, because that depends on the actions of local governments and private beach owners. We rate this  .
Statement: Gov. Tony Evers has "only gotten one-third of the money meant for COVID relief out the door. He is sitting on $930 million in ARPA funds left unspent. In fact, he still has CARES Act money from two years ago.
Speaker: wisconsin senate republicans
About the speaker: Republicans controlled the Wisconsin Senate in 2013, as well as the Assembly and governorship.
Date: February 2, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;federal budget;states;coronavirus
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Evers does still have ARPA and CARES Act funding to dole out, even if some of it is earmarked.   Our rating  Senate Republicans claimed that Evers had only gotten a third of COVID relief money out the door, still sitting on about $930 million in ARPA funds, as well as some CARES Act funding.   According to the Legislative Audit Bureau, those numbers are right — but they don’t take into account the fact that some of those funds are already set aside, or "obligated," to specific purposes.   Our definition of  is that the statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information.   That fits here.
Statement: More "than 80 percent of sex trafficking victims in America are U.S. citizens.
Speaker: john cornyn
About the speaker: John Cornyn is a U.S. senator from Texas, former Texas attorney general and former justice on the Texas Supreme Court. He earlier served as a Bexar County state district judge.
Date: January 27, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a Senate floor speech
Fact-check justification: Cornyn said more "than 80 percent of sex trafficking victims in America are U.S. citizens." That’s consistent with the only available figure we spotted. But you can get to 75 percent from the same study and, perhaps more significantly, a statistician involved in the work advises against saying the 83-percent figure, based on information from 18 law enforcement task forces, reflects the share of victims who are citizens across the country. On balance, we rate the statement .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Chick-fil-A now open Sunday (Blacks only).
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 19, 2020
Topics: food;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: That’s because both the image and Instagram post were taken from a story in the Babylon Bee , which describes itself as "your trusted source for Christian news satire." This isn’t the first time misinformation about Chick-fil-A’s weekend hours has spread on social media. In 2015, Snopes debunked a  that it was changing its decades-old policy and opening shop on Sundays.   The Instagram post does not make clear the photo and text are from a satirical website. We rate it .
Statement: I delivered on my campaign promise for a 10% tax cut for Wisconsin families.
Speaker: tony evers
About the speaker: Tony Evers, a Democrat, was elected Wisconsin governor in November 2018. His term begins in January 2019. Evers has served as the Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction, a non-partisan position, since 2009. He previously worked as a teacher and school district administrator.
Date: January 22, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: taxes
Context: the State of the State
Fact-check justification: Evers said he "delivered" on his promise of a 10% tax cut for Wisconsin families. But his October 2018 promise said all married filers with an income under $150,000 would see a 10% tax cut. And that’s not what happened. The final changes passed into law will yield a 10% tax cut for only about one-fourth of that group, according to the latest projections. On average that sub-$150,000 group will see a tax cut of 4.9%. Only married filers with incomes between $30,000 and $60,000 are expected to see an average cut of 10% of more. In other words, there’s an element of , but it ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Which is our definition of .
Statement: [The Foundation for Individual Rights] is the recipient of donations from [DeVos] totaling about 25,000 bucks over four years.
Speaker: bob casey
About the speaker: Bob Casey, a Democrat, is a U.S. Senator representing Pennsylvania.
Date: January 17, 2017
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: education
Context: a Senate confirmation hearing for Betsy DeVos
Fact-check justification: While the checks weren’t written by DeVos herself, they were dispensed by a foundation in which she and her husband were the sole donors during the years in question. However, DeVos and her husband were not the only board members.   We rate the  . Correction: An earlier version of this article incorrectly characterized the standard of  used in criminal convictions.
Statement: Even after accounting for rising prices, the typical American family has more money in their pockets than they did last year.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: December 3, 2021
Topics: economy;income
Context: remarks from the White House
Fact-check justification: Biden said, "Even after accounting for rising prices, the typical American family has more money in their pockets than they did last year." Since the pandemic's onset, there has been unusual volatility in the metric used for this purpose — per capita, inflation-adjusted personal disposable income. But even setting those quarters aside, the country has seen steady growth in disposable income since before the pandemic hit. Not all of this has to do with organic economic growth. The expansion of disposable income is partly because of changes in Americans’ spending behaviors during the pandemic, but it has a lot to do with the emergency fiscal measures that were passed under the Trump and Biden administrations. We rate the statement .
Statement: An image shows that "following his resignation, Boris Johnson has escaped to the sea.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: July 7, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: tweets
Fact-check justification: This tweet from a  BBC News account is going viral, with not everyone realizing it's a joke. The account's bio says it is " news not real" and unaffiliated with the BBC. The photo of Johnson is from a video captured in June 2021; it's not current. https://t.co/yLm59IL5fz pic.twitter.com/e4uzjw7Gv0 Twitter has since permanently suspended the "BCC News" account for violating its policy surrounding  and deceptive identities, a company spokesperson confirmed.   We rate the tweets claiming that an image shows that "following his resignation, Boris Johnson has escaped to the sea" .
Statement: A state bill would end a longstanding requirement that local governments repair highways and sidewalks -- and block injured citizens from suing over neglected maintenance.
Speaker: wisconsin association for justice
About the speaker: The Wisconsin Association for Justice, formerly the Wisconsin Academy of Trial Lawyers, says its mission is to "promote a fair and effective justice system - one that ensures justice for all, not just a privileged few.  The Association supports the work of attorneys to ensure any person harmed due to work place injury or injured by the misconduct or negligence of others can have a fair day in court, even when taking on the most powerful interests."
Date: October 31, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: county government;legal issues
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: A trial lawyers group contends that a bill would change a 162-year-old state law to "make local governments' repair of roads, bridges and sidewalks no longer required by state law." It continued: "Injured citizens could no longer sue them for bodily or auto damages." The bill could have a big impact on local government liability for highway problems, though just how dramatic remains to be seen. But the group’s news release went too far in flatly claiming citizens could no longer sue, and asserting that highway repairs would no longer be required. We rate this  .
Statement: The United States is "50th in life expectancy" in the world.
Speaker: alan grayson
About the speaker: Alan Grayson was initially elected to Congress in 2008, then defeated for re-election in 2010. He was elected again to Congress from a different district in 2012. He lost the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate in Florida in 2016.
Date: August 18, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: health care
Context: MSNBC's "The Ed Show."
Fact-check justification: So among large industrialized democracies, the U.S. is on the lower end of the spectrum. Grayson claimed that the United States ranks 50th in the world for life expectancy. We found a few sources that show that we're actually a bit higher. The Population Reference Bureau put us at No. 41, while data from the World Health Organization indicate that we may be in the low 30's. Still, we think that Grayson's underlying point that the U.S. isn't as high in life expectancy as one would think is valid, so we rate this .
Statement: Increasing the min. wage to $15 an hour would reduce spending on food stamps, public housing and other programs by over $7.6 billion a year.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: May 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Sanders tweeted, "Increasing the min. wage to $15 an hour would reduce spending on food stamps, public housing and other programs by over $7.6 billion a year." Sanders based this on a study that looked at what would happen if the minimum wage were raised to $10.10, not to $15. In reality, no such study of a $15 wage hike exists -- and economists say there’s good reason to believe that jobs lost from a wage hike that large could be significant. It might even be big enough to increase the cost of government assistance, not lower it. At the very least, a minimum wage increase this big is historically unprecedented, meaning that the degree of certainty in Sanders’ tweet is unsupported by academic . We rate the  .
Statement: Even members of the NRA, when they were polled recently, were under the impression that everyone has a criminal background check.
Speaker: jackie speier
About the speaker: Rep. Jackie Speier, D–Calif., represents the state's 14th District, which includes most of San Mateo County and part of San Francisco.
Date: January 15, 2013
Location: national
Topics: civil rights;crime;guns
Context: an MSNBC interview
Fact-check justification: Rep. Jackie Speier said, "even members of the NRA, when they were polled recently, were under the impression that everyone has a criminal background check." She relied on a poll conducted last summer by an interest group that broke out results for "current or lapsed" NRA members. It showed a majority of those NRA gun owners believe "everyone who wants to buy a gun has to pass a background check." While we didn’t find recent polls asking a similar question, we did find other polls showing that NRA members support background checks for all, including private purchases and purchases at gun shows. It should be clarified that the Luntz poll results were for current and former NRA members. For that reason, we rate this  .