chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Almost every study now has said with these new boosters, you're more likely to get infected with the bivalent booster.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: January 17, 2023
Location: florida
Topics: corrections and updates;public health;coronavirus
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: The study found that the bivalent booster is 30% effective in preventing infection from the virus. The researchers did find that there could be an association between the number of prior vaccine doses and an increased risk of contracting COVID-19. Still, that finding did not suggest the bivalent booster could cause infection or increase the likelihood of infection.   We rate DeSantis'  . UPDATE, 5:25 p.m. Jan. 20:  DeSantis' press office contacted PolitiFact shortly after publication. We've updated the article to reflect that point; it does not affect the ruling.
Statement: Under the Iran deal: "If Israel attacks Iran … we're supposed to be on Iran's side.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 3, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: israel;foreign policy
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Trump said that under the Iran deal: "If Israel attacks Iran … we are supposed to be on Iran’s side." The  rests on an interpretation of a provision that the U.S. and other partners are prepared, "as appropriate," to cooperate with training to strengthen Iran’s ability to protect against and respond to nuclear security threats, including sabotage. But the White House has made it clear that its interpretation of the provision is that it is targeted at terrorists and saboteurs, not Israel or other U.S. allies. If you’re still in doubt, consider that nothing in the provision compels the U.S. to offer any assistance to Iran in the event of a threat to its nuclear program. So we rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: Says U.S. House opponent Michael Williams does not live in and has never voted in the congressional district he's seeking to represent.
Speaker: roger williams
About the speaker: Roger Williams won election to represent the newly created Congressional District 25 in 2012. He is a former Texas secretary of state, the state's chief elections officer. He was appointed by President George W. Bush in 2001 as chairman of the Republican National Finance Committee’s Eagles fundraising program and also has served as state finance chair for John Cornyn's 2002 Senate campaign, according to his campaign website.
Date: June 28, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;elections
Context: at a campaign stop
Fact-check justification: Far as we can tell, this amended description is about right. However, Michael Williams has also lived in Arlington, where he has claimed a homestead in Arlington for more than 15 years. And contrary to his foe’s published statement, Michael Williams also has voted in the 33rd district and lives there now. All told, the essence of Roger Williams’ statement — that Michael Williams is a carpetbagger — doesn’t hold up. We rate the  .
Statement: A cap-and-trade plan promoted by Barack Obama would hit hardest "those already struggling to make ends meet.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: November 17, 2009
Location: national
Topics: cap and trade;climate change;energy
Context: her book "Going Rogue"
Fact-check justification: (The top tier does a little better because of credits for businesses.) The House bill is not the final version of cap and trade; the Senate still needs to consider its own bill. Palin is correct in that lower-income households would feel the impact of higher utility costs, but the House bill contains significant offsets to help people of modest means. Thanks to its offsets, the plan is not entirely regressive because the lowest one-fifth of households would see a net benefit. So we rate Palin's statement .
Statement: Video shows U.S. Rep. Jim Jordan slapping special counsel Robert Mueller.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 10, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The video is from a July 2019 House Judiciary Committee hearing in which Jordan questioned Mueller about his investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election and its possible ties to former President Donald Trump’s campaign. Although Jordan talks about someone else lying, he doesn’t accuse Mueller of lying, nor does he utter the words "you are lying," as the post describes.   And both men remain seated. No one is slapped.   We rate this post !
Statement: Says "Patrick Murphy is the only candidate to have voted against every measure to fund Zika.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: September 7, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: congress;public health;voting record
Context: a statement by a spokeswoman
Fact-check justification: Rubio, through a spokeswoman, said, "Patrick Murphy is the only candidate to have voted against every measure to fund Zika." Murphy, like most congressional Democrats, has opposed Republican-led efforts to conditionally fund anti-Zika efforts at less than what Obama has requested. But he has offered other solutions and voted against his party for two bills that would have allowed unspecified amounts of money to be repurposed for Zika programs. So the campaign was  to say he voted against "every" measure. We rate Rubio’s statement .
Statement: Over 90% of the American people think we have to get assault weapons off the street  — period.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: September 12, 2019
Location: national
Topics: polls and public opinion;guns
Context: Houston
Fact-check justification: Biden said "over 90% of the American people think we have to get assault weapons off the street ⁠— period." We looked at five polls following the El Paso and Dayton shootings in early August. Those polls showed overall support for banning assault weapons ranged from 56% to 70%. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says Chris Christie "vetoed" a "jobs package" of "30 bills.
Speaker: stephen sweeney
About the speaker: State Senate President Stephen Sweeney is a Democrat representing Salem County and parts of Gloucester and Cumberland counties.
Date: January 8, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: jobs
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: In a radio interview, Sweeney claimed that Christie "vetoed" a "jobs package" of "30 bills." It’s correct to say the governor vetoed numerous bills aimed at supporting businesses and job growth, and thus stopped them from becoming law. But of the bills cited by the senator’s representative, eight were ultimately signed into law after the Legislature concurred with the governor’s recommendations. Also, Sweeney’s  ignores several other bills labeled by Democrats as part of the "Back to Work NJ" package and signed by the governor without any changes. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says "new mandates are already reducing full-time employment.
Speaker: americans for prosperity
About the speaker: Americans for Prosperity is a conservative group advocates for limited government, free markets and fiscal and regulatory restraint.
Date: October 29, 2013
Location: national
Topics: economy;health care;jobs
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: In its ad, Americans for Prosperity said that new mandates from Obamacare "are already reducing full-time employment." It’s a plausible scenario, but as of now, it’s largely speculative, with the  anecdotal rather than statistical. Across the economy as a whole, part-time employment is high, but independent observers say that has to do with the recession and the weak recovery rather than Obama’s health care law. We rate the Americans For Prosperity  .
Statement: Bill Richardson passed the first law in the nation giving National Guard soldiers $400,000 in life insurance.
Speaker: bill richardson
About the speaker: Bill Richardson is the former governor of New Mexico, having served two terms in that position from 2003-2011. Richardson is also a former congressman, U.S. secretary of energy, and ambassador to the United Nations. He unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for president in 2008, and was President Barack Obama’s initial nominee for secretary of commerce in 2009.
Date: September 5, 2007
Location: national
Topics: military
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Still, he is far from being a lone voice on the issue. Only a few months earlier, Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass., was proposing a generous bump in military death benefits during his 2004 presidential run. By mid January 2005, President Bush and many members of Congress from both parties were clamoring to increase death benefits for the troops in Iraq and Afghanistan. We note that Richardson first proposed paying for the premiums to his state's National Guard troops on Jan. 4, 2005. So he does appear to have been on the leading edge of the effort.
Statement: 3,000 teachers lost their jobs when (Crist) was governor.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: October 15, 2014
Location: florida
Topics: economy;education;stimulus
Context: a debate at Broward College
Fact-check justification: Scott said that "3,000 teachers lost their jobs when Charlie was governor." The  omits some key points. The number was derived from media reports about possible layoffs; not all of them materialized. Also, the  glosses over the fact that Crist accepted federal stimulus money that preserved thousands of teacher jobs. Finally, Crist was not solely responsible for teacher layoffs. Crist and the Republican-led Legislature signed off on budget cuts amid a national recession -- something no single politician is personally responsible for. Clearly, some teachers were laid off statewide, but there's a lack of  that it amounted to 3,000 positions. We rate this  .
Statement: Pfizer vaccine contains living particles that can germinate to cause sickness.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 11, 2021
Topics: public health;science;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Enby claimed in a Facebook video that the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine contained living particles that could germinate and cause illness in vaccinated people. Health experts say this is . The Pfizer mRNA vaccine does not contain any living organisms, only chemical components that trigger the human body to produce antibodies against COVID-19.  We rate this  !
Statement: Mexico's Next President Calls for An Invasion Of The US
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: June 25, 2018
Topics: immigration;fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post headline
Fact-check justification: Over 2,300 children were separated from their parents between May 5 and June 9, according to the Homeland Security Department. We found no indications that López Obrador was encouraging people to abandon their towns in favor of the United States. Instead, he urged current Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto to complete the following three actions: Send a diplomatic note in protest of the Trump’s administration’s policies to the United States; Solicit the urgent intervention of the United Nations commissioner for human rights; and, Send a team of lawyers, psychologists and social workers to aid kids and their parents at the border. Bloggers have distorted López Obrador's quote to stoke fears. We rate the  .
Statement: Says the Austin school district "enjoys the highest per-student funding of all large Texas districts" even after forwarding tax revenue to the state.
Speaker: roger falk
About the speaker: Roger Falk, an Austin resident, has been a volunteer with the Travis County Taxpayers Union.
Date: November 3, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: education;taxes
Context: the Austin American-Statesman
Fact-check justification: Our rulin g Falk said the Austin district "enjoys the highest per-student funding of all large Texas districts" even after forwarding revenue to the state. Considering all audited actual revenues for 2015-16, it looks to us like the Austin district trailed other high-enrollment districts in spending--ranking sixth or ninth among such districts depending on which ones you include. We rate this  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says President Bill Clinton did not sign NAFTA.
Speaker: nowthis
About the speaker: NowThis is a New York-based company that aims to share news via social media in short clips of GIFs and videos for largely mobile users.
Date: August 10, 2016
Topics: bipartisanship;bush administration;congress;economy;history;jobs;labor;foreign policy;trade;workers;punditfact
Context: a viral video
Fact-check justification: NowThis repeatedly says in its video that Trump's statements accusing Clinton of signing NAFTA are ": Bill Clinton didn't sign NAFTA." It's  that the George H.W. Bush administration first negotiated the deal and that Trump is ignoring that element. But Clinton got it modified, pushed hard for the final version, and signed it with enthusiasm once Congress ratified it. The statement is not accurate, and we rate it .  https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/f3d8de22-bdfa-4558-a964-cd4c46f0ad04
Statement: As part of the Obama administration's criminal justice reforms, "38,000 prisoners were released from federal prison.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: October 22, 2020
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;drugs;crime
Context: the final 2020 presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Biden said that as part of the Obama administration’s criminal justice reforms, "38,000 prisoners were released from federal prison." The 38,000 figure is cherry-picked. It represents the change in the federal prison population from its peak at the end of 2012 to the end of 2018, nearly two years into Trump’s presidency.  The federal prison population did shrink under Obama for the first time in decades, but the  decline from the start to the end of Obama’s presidency was about 12,000 prisoners. The 38,000 figure also describes a reduction in the federal prison population — which can happen for a myriad of reasons — rather than the number of federal inmates who were released under or because of the Obama administration’s policies. We rate Biden’s statement .
Statement: Of those 850,000 (new Texas) jobs, most were public-sector jobs and minimum-wage jobs.
Speaker: bill white
About the speaker: Bill White, an author, is a San Antonio native who was mayor of Houston from 2004-2009. He was the 2010 Democratic nominee for governor of Texas.
Date: October 15, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Summing up: White's campaign presented raw numbers suggesting that about two-thirds of the jobs added on Perry's watch were either government-sector or minimum-wage. But that methodology lacks critical information that could easily lead to a different conclusion. That's why we rate the statement . Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: Dan Patrick was the only state senator "who voted against the Veteran Entrepreneurship Program, a program that assists veterans in successfully starting up their own businesses.
Speaker: leticia van de putte
About the speaker: Leticia Van de Putte, a pharmacist, was the 2014 Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor. She previously served in the Texas House.
Date: June 27, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: veterans
Context: her speech to the Texas Democratic Party state convention
Fact-check justification: Van de Putte said Patrick was the only senator to vote against the Veteran Entrepreneurship Program. Ten-hut! We rate this  as .
Statement: The media "widely overlooked" comments made by former President Bill Clinton that Hillary Clinton had a terrible concussion that took six months to recover from.
Speaker: brit hume
About the speaker: Brit Hume is a Fox News political analyst.
Date: May 18, 2014
Topics: candidate biography;punditfact
Context: comments on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Hume said much of the media overlooked that Bill Clinton said his wife had suffered a terrible concussion that required six months of work before she recovered. While Bill Clinton’s Walking Dead zinger may have gotten more airtime (we didn’t check), Hume is  to assert that the media ignored Clinton’s substantive comments. Clinton’s comments were covered in print by the nation’s biggest newspapers, in online articles, and on the TV networks and elsewhere. We rate the  .
Statement: The N.C. GOP came out in support of Sen. [Rick] Scott's extremist policy to 'Rescue America.'
Speaker: barbara gaskins
About the speaker: Barbara Gaskins, a Democratic community activist, is running for Congress in North Carolina's 3rd Congressional District.
Date: May 24, 2022
Location: north carolina
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Gaskins tweeted that "the N.C. GOP came out in support of Sen. (Rick) Scott's extremist policy to ‘Rescue America.’" Scott did release a plan that indicates support for raising income taxes and sunsetting federal programs such as Social Security and Medicare. Even McConnell rebuked the ideas. However, there’s no  that the North Carolina Republican Party has come out in support of Scott’s plan.  We rate this  .
Statement: My administration is "well represented both racially, ethnically and gender-wise.
Speaker: jim kenney
About the speaker: Mayor of Philadelphia and former City Councilman
Date: June 23, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: city government;race and ethnicity;women
Context: remarks at the Better Bike Share conference
Fact-check justification: Kenney said his administration was "well-represented both racially, ethnically and gender-wise." Philadelphia is  the only major city  where women constitute the majority of workers. It’s a slight majority, and that’s close to what Kenney’s administration looks like. This is something for which Kenney has been celebrated. The other categories in his comment are another story, though. Pittsburgh Mayor Bill Peduto gets praise— his administration has been called Pittsburgh’s most diverse ever— for appointing a comparable percentage of blacks. But Pittsburgh is about two thirds white. Philadelphia is roughly two thirds of color. The Kenney administration’s numbers racially aren’t representative of Philadelphia.  Sixty-one  percent of the city’s top earners are white. While African-Americans are underrepresented, Asians and Latinos are even more so: Four percent of employees paid more than $90,000 are Hispanic; another four percent are Asian. In the city’s population as a whole, those two groups represent more than 2.5 times that. We rate this  .
Statement: Future and Malia Obama are expecting first child together.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 14, 2022
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post shared a screenshot claiming Malia Obama and the rapper Future were expecting a child together. The screenshot came from an Instagram account that posts satirical news headlines.  Despite the satirical source of the  and the lack of  that the two know each other, it did not stop it from spreading on social media.  We rate this  !
Statement: A video shows the "Taliban hanging someone from a helicopter.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: August 30, 2021
Topics: afghanistan;facebook fact-checks
Context: tweets
Fact-check justification: "  That account’s tweet was boosted by several prominent Republican politicians, including Cruz and U.S. Reps. Lauren Boebert and Dan Crenshaw . "This horrifying image encapsulates Joe Biden's Afghanistan catastrophe: The Taliban hanging a man from an American Blackhawk helicopter," Cruz said in his tweet, which helped the video amass over 2.5 million views in less than 24 hours. "Tragic. Unimaginable." Elsewhere, blog sites such as RedState and the Western Journal ran headlines that repeated the same claims.   We rate these claims .