chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The potential Iran nuclear agreement would limit Iran to the number of centrifuges needed for a weapon but too few for a nuclear power program.
Speaker: michael morell
About the speaker: Michael Morell is the former deputy director of the CIA and is a senior security correspondent for CBS News.
Date: February 18, 2015
Topics: foreign policy;nuclear;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of "Charlie Rose"
Fact-check justification: Morell said that it takes fewer centrifuges to make bomb-grade nuclear material than it does to supply fuel for a nuclear power plant and argued that the focus on centrifuges can go too far. That argument aside, experts agreed that Morrell has his facts right. A power plant requires tons of fuel each year. A bomb requires about 25 kilograms of U-235 enriched to the 90 percent level. If an agreement limits Iran to about 9,000 centrifuges, that would be sufficient to produce enough bomb-grade material but would leave Iran well short of the capacity to generate fuel to power nuclear power plants. We rate Morrell’s  .
Statement: The president had to confess in writing, in court to illegally diverting charitable contributions that were supposed to go to veterans.
Speaker: pete buttigieg
About the speaker: Pete Buttigieg is the Transportation secretary under President Joe Biden. Buttigieg was elected mayor of South Bend, Ind., in 2011 and was re-elected in 2015. He decided not to seek re-election and his term ended in January 2020. From 2009 to 2017, he served in the U.S. Navy Reserve and was a lieutenant. He received a bachelor’s degree in history and literature from Harvard College and a first-class honors bachelor’s degree in philosophy, politics and economics from Pembroke College as a Rhodes Scholar. He ran for president in the 2020 Democratic primaries.
Date: November 20, 2019
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;veterans
Context: Atlanta
Fact-check justification: Trump did not confess to illegally diverting money away from veterans. He admitted that his campaign took charge of a fundraiser for veterans, even though it featured the name of his foundation. A judge said Trump breached his fiduciary duties to the foundation and that the fundraiser and distribution of the funds helped Trump’s political campaign. But the funds did go to veterans. We rate Buttigieg’s  .
Statement: Aaron Bean voted to give illegal immigrants in-state tuition.
Speaker: floridians for ethics and truth in politics
About the speaker: Floridians for Ethics and Truth in Politics is a group that supports Sen. Mike Weinstein.
Date: August 24, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: Floridians for Ethics and  in Politics says "Bean voted for in-state tuition breaks for illegal immigrants." It's  that in 2005, Bean voted for a wide-ranging House bill that would have allowed up to 2,000 undocumented students to receive in-state tuition rates. But only some undocumented students would have received the in-state tuition rates -- specifically, high-achieving students who lived in Florida and graduated from Florida high schools. Whether Bean meant to vote for the bill is a different story. Sometimes legislators sneak provisions into bills at the last minute that go unnoticed. We don't see any  that happened here. Bean is responsible for knowing what is inside the bills that earn his votes, even if they are long. This  is accurate but needs a little clarification. We rate it .
Statement: It is estimated that more than 20 veterans die by suicide every day.
Speaker: joe manchin
About the speaker: Joe Manchin is a U.S. senator from West Virginia. The former governor of West Virginia won a special election in November 2010 to complete the balance of the late Sen. Robert Byrd’s term.
Date: March 18, 2019
Location: west virginia
Topics: health care;public health;veterans
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: We checked with Robert Bossarte, the director of Injury Control Research at West Virginia University who helped author the VA’s 2016 report. He told PolitiFact West Virginia that he considers the 20-a-day figure to be accurate. Our Ruling Manchin said, "It is estimated that more than 20 veterans die by suicide every day." The most recent Department of Veterans Affairs data confirms that figure, though it’s worth adding some context -- that the overall figure obscures significant variability for different age groups and for men as opposed to women. We rate this statement .
Statement: There is no evidence to support the claim that Guantanamo is used as a recruiting tool" for terrorists.
Speaker: joe heck
About the speaker: Dr. Joe Heck is a Nevada congressman and Republican candidate for the open Nevada Senate seat in 2016. Heck is a Brigadier General in the U.S. Army Reserves and a former combat doctor with three active-duty tours.
Date: February 23, 2016
Location: nevada
Topics: terrorism
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Heck said that there’s "no " that terrorists use Guantanamo as a "recruiting tool." Terrorist groups routinely mention the detention site in both written and videotaped propaganda, but the argument is much murkier when it comes to the site’s effectiveness as a "recruiting tool." However, Heck saying blankly that there’s "no " the site is used by terrorist groups isn’t entirely accurate. We rate the  as .
Statement: Pat Toomey thinks corporations shouldn't pay any taxes.
Speaker: joe sestak
About the speaker: Joe Sestak is a retired admiral and former congressman from a suburban Philadelphia district. He defeated incumbent Arlen Specter for the Democratic U.S. Senate nomination in 2010, but lost in the general election to Republican Pat Toomey.
Date: August 31, 2010
Location: national
Topics: corporations;message machine 2010;taxes
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: We think that Sestak's use of the clip was fair politics, because the clip accurately reflects what Toomey said on the show. And Toomey's book does provide  that he'd love to see zero corporate taxation implemented, which justifies the ad's use of the word "thinks." On the other hand, we think a viewer watching the Sestak ad would be led to believe that Toomey is actively pushing zero corporate taxation as a campaign plank, when in fact his campaign website makes no mention of such a policy, and when Toomey has acknowledged in writing that he's wary of pursuing such a proposal because of the potential political fallout. So the ad is generally correct about Toomey's policy preferences but  about what he actually advocates as a candidate. We rate it .
Statement: Says Obama called Sarah Palin a pig.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: September 9, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: We think it’s very clear that Obama was saying McCain’s effort to call himself the “candidate of change” is like putting lipstick on a pig, trying to dress up a bad idea to look better. Agree or disagree with Obama’s point, but his remark wasn’t the smear that McCain’s people have tried to make it. If anyone’s doing any smearing, it’s the McCain campaign and its outrageous attempt to distort the facts. Did Obama call Palin a pig? No, and saying so is  .
Statement: The delay in school testing "was not that of a vendor, the problem was not that of the test materials itself, it was the product of a cyber attack.
Speaker: h. marlene o'toole
About the speaker: Florida state Rep. H. Marlene O'Toole, a Republican who lives in Lady Lake, was first elected in 2008.
Date: March 12, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: House Education Appropriations Committee Hearing
Fact-check justification: O’Toole said that the testing "problem was not that of a vendor, the problem was not that of the test materials itself, it was the product of a cyber attack." Actually, a vendor update was responsible for the initial problems that kept students from logging onto the new testing system. The cyber attack was another problem that happened later in the week. O’Toole admitted she misspoke. There is an element of  here because the cyber attack did create problems, but it wasn’t the only culprit. We rate this  .
Statement: Five veterinary labs have their CLIA certification to officially test human patients. There are a lot of labs who are doing surveillance testing that don't need the CLIA certification.
Speaker: brett giroir
About the speaker: ADM Brett P. Giroir, M.D., was sworn in as the 16th Assistant Secretary for Health at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on February 15, 2018. The Assistant Secretary for Health leads development of HHS-wide public health policy recommendations and oversees several of the Department’s core public health offices — including the Office of the Surgeon General. His office leads many critical national initiatives, including an historic new plan to end the HIV Epidemic in America, the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, the revised Common Rule and a cross-agency effort to improve the outcomes of patients living with sickle cell disease. In addition, ADM Giroir serves as Senior Adviser to the Secretary for Opioid Policy, responsible for coordinating HHS’s efforts across the Administration to fight America's opioid crisis. ADM Giroir is a pediatric critical care specialist and physician-scientist, who has served in a number of leadership positions in the federal government as well as academia. He was executive vice president and CEO of Texas A&M's Health Science Center from 2013-2015, and professor of pediatrics and engineering, having earlier served as vice chancellor of strategic initiatives (2011-2013) and vice chancellor for research (2008-2011) for the Texas A&M University system. Prior, he was professor of pediatrics and endowed chair at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center from 1993-2003, and was the first chief medical officer of Children's Medical Center of Dallas (now Children's Health).
Date: July 26, 2020
Topics: public health;health check;coronavirus
Context: an appearance on CNN’s “State of the Union”
Fact-check justification: Giroir was correct in saying there are some veterinary labs helping out with COVID testing. But even if all 63 accredited food-animal vet labs in the U.S. and Canada were pressed into processing human COVID tests, an industry survey estimates it would increase capacity by between 31,500 to 63,000 samples per day. While helpful, that would still be only a small portion of the more than 700,000 daily tests being conducted, which some experts say falls short of what is needed. Additionally, while vet labs are helping in some ways, Giroir provided little  to back up his assertion that "lots" of labs that lack CLIA certification are assisting in surveillance efforts. We rate this statement .
Statement: When Josh Mandel claims to have accepted three debates with Sen. Sherrod Brown, he is lying. He has accepted ZERO proposed debates.
Speaker: sherrod brown
About the speaker: Sherrod Brown is a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Ohio. He won his first elected office to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1974. He later served as Ohio secretary of state and was elected to Congress in 1992. He first joined the U.S. Senate in 2007.
Date: July 19, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: elections;negative campaigning
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The letter from the City Club dated July 16 shows that Mandel had agreed to that debate. And the Twitter posting and comments to The Plain Dealer, indicate a willingness to have two others. The Brown campaign confirms that possibility had been raised, too. It appears that the Brown campaign aimed here to cast Mandel as dishonest and scared of a debate all at once. But on the -O-Meter, the campaign’s  rates .
Statement: Thirteen Democratic senators "voted against cheaper medicines" and took millions from "big pharma since 2011.
Speaker: the other 98%
About the speaker: The Other 98% is an activist organization that favors an increase in the minimum wage and opposes favorable tax treatment for large corporations.
Date: January 17, 2017
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;health care
Context: a viral image on the Internet
Fact-check justification: The viral image says that 13 Democratic senators "voted against cheaper medicines" and took millions from "big pharma since 2011." The 13 Democrats did vote against one amendment that was intended to lower drug prices through reimportation of medicines from Canada, and they have each taken money from drugmakers. However, the image leaves a  impression that the senators have voted against lowering drug prices. In reality, all 13 senators voted in favor of a different amendment that specifically advocated "lower drug prices." In addition, the dollar amounts listed for the senators use an overly broad definition of "big pharma," inflating the amount of money they have taken from the industry. The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it . EDITOR'S NOTE: We have modified our paraphrase of a comment by Giertz to better reflect what he said.
Statement: The "delta" in "delta variant" means "deep sleep.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 31, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "WHO convened an expert group of partners from around the world to do so, including experts who are part of existing naming systems, nomenclature and virus taxonomic experts, researchers and national authorities. "  Other variants have been labeled with other letters of the Greek alphabet : alpha, beta and gamma. When all 24 letters in the Greek alphabet have been assigned to variants, WHO will announce a new naming system, USA Today reported .   The delta variant doesn’t refer to delta waves, which are associated with deep sleep .   We rate claims that the "delta" in delta variant refers to "deep sleep" .
Statement: San Francisco has spent $72.5 million this fiscal year cleaning up human waste and drug paraphernalia" and "there are more drug users on their public needle program than high school graduates.
Speaker: turning point usa
About the speaker: Turning Point USA is a conservative group that advocates for limited government and free markets. It was founded on June 5, 2012 by Charlie Kirk, and targets high school and college campuses.
Date: July 1, 2019
Topics: city budget;drugs;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Turning Point USA claimed that San Francisco has spent $72.5 million this fiscal year "cleaning up human waste and drug paraphernalia" and that "there are more drug users on their public needle program than high school graduates." Those claims are based on two San Francisco Chronicle articles — but Turning Point USA’s post misconstrues both the stories and the data backing them up. The Public Works Department said the $72.5 million figure is closer to its entire annual street cleaning budget and that it doesn’t keep track of how much money is spent for specific types of cleaning. The Public Health Department said there is no count of people who use its "public needle program." The statements are . We rate the post .
Statement: In the past decade in New York State "more than 30 current and former state officeholders have been convicted, sanctioned or accused of wrongdoing — more than any other state.
Speaker: elaine phillips
About the speaker: Elaine Phillips is the Republican candidate for State Senate in the 7th District.
Date: August 26, 2016
Location: new york
Topics: ethics
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: In her pitch for ethics reform, Phillips said in a Facebook post that "over the past decade in Albany, more than 30 current and former state officeholders have been convicted, sanctioned or accused of wrongdoing — more than any other state." She’s right. The analysis from the University of Missouri researchers shows New York State has had more state lawmakers and statewide officials running afoul of the law. She could have gone further. The data shows New York State has led the nation in public corruption for decades. We rate this  as .
Statement: Says the stimulus bill sent tax credits overseas, such as "$1.2 billion to a solar company that's building a plant in Mexico.
Speaker: americans for prosperity
About the speaker: Americans for Prosperity is a conservative group advocates for limited government, free markets and fiscal and regulatory restraint.
Date: April 26, 2012
Location: national
Topics: environment;corporations;energy;message machine 2012;stimulus
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: A TV ad from Americans for Prosperity says billions of tax dollars spent on green energy went to jobs in foreign countries. It claims that stimulus bill tax credits went overseas, such as "$1.2 billion to a solar company that's building a plant in Mexico." The ad even cites sources for its . But those same sources, plus a few phone calls, quickly bring down the ad’s house of cards. Sure, taxpayer money was originally approved for a California solar company that also happened to open a plant in Mexico. But that loan — not tax credits, as the ad claims — will go to a New Jersey company for a solar project in California, employing construction workers in the state, using  California-built solar panels, to create solar power that’ll be purchased by a California utility. That’s a completely different story. The ad strings together alarming-sounding tidbits about actual stimulus projects to create the impression of something else entirely — in a way that’s ultimately . And that earns our lowest rating, .
Statement: If you're a Mexican, you get sent back. ... But if you're from a noncontiguous country like the Central American countries" then you can stay in the United States.
Speaker: henry cuellar
About the speaker: Rep. Henry Cuellar, D-Texas, represents Texas' 28th District, which borders Mexico. He was first elected to this position in 2004.
Date: July 6, 2014
Location: national
Topics: immigration;children;human rights
Context: an interview on CNN's "State of the Union"
Fact-check justification: Cuellar said that unaccompanied alien children from contiguous countries are "sent back" no matter what, but the law calls for the placement of minors from "a noncontiguous country like the Central American countries" in a residential setting. Cuellar correctly characterizes the law. The law was passed as a measure to combat human trafficking worldwide. As a result, certain parts of the legislation allow unaccompanied minors from noncontiguous countries to stay in the United States. Lawmakers are now contemplating changing the law. We rate this statement .
Statement: My opponent here has accepted money from Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae (and) hosted subprime mortgage seminars.
Speaker: jeff greene
About the speaker: Jeff Greene, a wealthy businessman from Palm Beach, lost the Democratic primary for Florida governor in August 2018. He campaigned for the U.S. Senate and was defeated in the Democratic primary on Aug. 24, 2010.
Date: June 22, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: economy;housing
Context: West Palm Beach
Fact-check justification: "All the information you need to buy a home will be available to you at the fair, such as how to get the best financing, how to find a good house to buy, or if you just don't understand the home-buying process and don't want to get ripped off," Meek was quoted as saying in Miami Times . So while it’s  that Meek accepted money from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, it’s not fair to call the forums "subprime mortgage seminars." The agenda wasn’t just homeownership. Moreover, these forums have long been the norm in Meek’s district -- regardless of what was happening in the housing market. So we rate Greene’s statement .
Statement: Says Anthony Fauci was indicted "for crimes including treason, conspiring with the enemy and fraud.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 20, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Fauci has not been indicted. There is no news coverage to support this , nor any original, credible documents or sources to corroborate it.   In a "60 Minutes" interview published online on Oct. 19, Fauci said that the Trump administration has restricted his media appearances. But he gave the interview from multiple locations, including sitting on lawn furniture outdoors and inside with his wife at a table with mugs in front of them — not Gitmo.    We rate this post .
Statement: The IRS doesn't have to prove something against you ... you've got the burden of proof.
Speaker: randy forbes
About the speaker: Randy Forbes is from Chesapeake and represents Virginia's Fourth District in Congress. He was first elected to the House of Representatives in 2001. He serves on the Judiciary Committee and the Armed Services Committee, where he is chairman of the Seapower and Projection Forces Subcommittee.
Forbes previously served in Virginia's House of Delegates from 1989 to 1997 and in the State Senate from 1997 to 2001. He also was chairman of the Republican Party of Virginia from 1996 to 2001.
Forbes received a bachelor's degree from Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, in 1974, and a law degree from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in 1977.
Date: May 17, 2013
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;taxes
Context: an interview with Fox News
Fact-check justification: Forbes said "the IRS doesn't have to prove something against you. They can walk in and you've got the burden of proof." He’s correct for most tax disputes. As long as no criminal or fraud charges are being tried, and as long as the case is taken up administratively rather than in court, the burden of justifying a taxpayer’s calculations falls upon the taxpayer. But in the relatively small number of criminal or civil fraud cases, the burden is on the government, just as it is in other types of prosecutions. On balance, we rate Forbes’  .
Statement: MMA fighter Victoria Lee died because of a COVID-19 vaccine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 8, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Doctors and experts have told PolitiFact that the vaccine is safe and effective in preventing disease, hospitalization and death .    If  emerges that Lee died because of a COVID-19 vaccine, we’ll reconsider our ruling. For now, these claims are unsubstantiated, and so we rate them .   RELATED: Young and healthy people get benefits and low risk from COVID-19 vaccine, despite claims to contrary RELATED: 'Died Suddenly' repeats debunked COVID-19 vaccine claims, promotes conspiracy theory