chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says he's the first Aggie governor of Texas.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: January 18, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: education
Context: his inaugural address
Fact-check justification: Six governors have attended the University of Texas, most recently Dolph Briscoe, who graduated from from UT in 1942 before serving as governor from 1973-1979. Other governors were connected to UT in some other fashion, like Ann Richards, who graduated from Baylor University before earning her teaching certificate at UT in Austin. Never mind those teasips, as the Aggies call UT students. Hullabaloo, Caneck, Caneck! Perry’s statement is .
Statement: Says "Dan McCready wants to repeal tax cuts that saves (sic) you $1,300" per year.
Speaker: freedomworks
About the speaker: FreedomWorks is a group that advocates for lower taxes and small government.
Date: October 24, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: taxes
Context: a Facebook ad
Fact-check justification: In an ad seen on Facebook, FreedomWorks said "Dan McCready wants to repeal tax cuts that saves you $1,300" or more per year. The $1,300 figure is an accurate average for district residents earning yearly incomes between $50,000 and $75,000, but those with higher or lower incomes will likely receive substantially different tax cuts, ranging from a measly $156 to a whopping $24,000. Plus, McCready has repeatedly indicated that while he wants to make serious changes to the Trump tax plan, he does not want to get rid of the tax cuts, especially for the middle class. Overall, the ad contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this statement . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide.
Statement: Says Tony Evers "allowed a middle-school teacher found guilty of spreading pornographic material at school to keep teaching students.
Speaker: republican party of wisconsin
About the speaker: The Wisconsin Republican Party works to elect Republicans to state and federal offices and advance the GOP agenda.
Date: August 21, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;education;sexuality
Context: a digital ad
Fact-check justification: Rather, he was fired for viewing pornographic material on his school computer. He got his job back, however, after an arbitrator ruled that the firing was not justified, in part because the arbitrator concluded that the behavior did not endanger any students. Evers, as the state schools superintendent, had the discretion to initiate license revocation proceedings. But state law at the time required the endangerment of kids in order to revoke a teacher’s license and, like the arbitrator, Evers concluded that the teacher’s conduct didn’t endanger kids. For a statement that contains only an element of , our rating is .
Statement: Build Back Better "would be a huge payday for Chinese manufacturing" and "would fill our streets with cars made with Chinese parts.
Speaker: stand up to china
About the speaker: Stand Up To China is a Tampa, Florida-based advocacy group. 
 
Date: January 20, 2022
Location: florida
Topics: china;federal budget;trade;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: The Stand Up To China group claimed that the Build Back Better legislation "would be a huge payday for Chinese manufacturing" and "would fill our streets with cars made with Chinese parts." Experts said there is no  that the bill would be a financial boon to China. Most of its spending is aimed at domestic priorities, including child care and child tax credits. We rate the statement .
Statement: Factories are opening their doors at the fastest pace in almost two decades.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 9, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Clinton, Tenn
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "Factories are opening their doors at the fastest pace in almost two decades." The latest figures line up with Obama’s . The number of factories steadily decreased from 1998 to 2013. In the first two quarters of 2014, things started to pick up, though they are still nowhere near the 1998 peak. We should note that economists are far from certain that this is a significant trend, or if it will continue. This is just one figure of many that could clue us into whether or not manufacturing is making a resurgence, but it’s not enough by itself to make any broad claims about a recovery. We rate Obama’s statement .
Statement: States with voter ID laws have seen "zero decrease" in participation. "Most have seen an increase.
Speaker: tim moore
About the speaker: Tim Moore is a Republican from Cleveland County and the speaker of the N.C. House of Representatives.
Date: June 7, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: There’s a kernel of  in Moore’s statement, as studies haven't consistently shown a direct relationship between voter ID laws and voter participation. However, a report from the nonpartisan Government Accountability Office found some  that participation declines. And experts said studies don't show an increase in participation as a result of voter ID. Moore’s  that there has been "zero decrease" in voter participation is a  exaggeration. We rate his  . '
Statement: $258,000/month: Amount Blake Griffin will pay in child support to ex Brynn Cameron.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 2, 2020
Topics: sports;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In a joint statement, they said that "recent reports of the financial details of the child support agreement between Blake Griffin and Brynn Cameron are ," according to a story in the Detroit Free Press . "Both sides have settled amicably and are moving forward with co-parenting their two children. Due to the confidential nature of the agreement, no further details will be released." We don’t know how much Griffin pays in child support, though TMZ reported on Aug. 3, 2018, that he was paying $32,000 per month, which is significantly less than what’s quoted in the Facebook post.   We rate that post .
Statement: Close to half of the voters in America, the only tax they pay is the payroll tax.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: November 26, 2017
Location: florida
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Rubio said, "Close to half of the voters in America, the only tax they pay is the payroll tax." Rubio garbled the specific percentage, as the closest estimate we could find shows that about one-quarter of all households in 2016 paid the payroll tax but not the income tax. However, experts said that the point Rubio was trying to make  — that for most people, the burden of the payroll tax exceeds that of the income tax — is correct. We rate this  .
Statement: Obamacare premiums have doubled" in Wisconsin.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 13, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;government regulation;public health
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Our rating Trump says "Obamacare premiums have doubled" in Wisconsin. The average premium for individuals who buy their own health insurance in the Obamacare marketplace nearly doubled from 2013 to 2017. But the vast majority of Wisconsin residents buying those plans get Obamacare subsidies that protect them from the premium increases. Moreover, insurance coverage on individual plans is generally more comprehensive than before Obamacare. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details, our rating is .
Statement: I don't know anything about David Duke.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 28, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: comments on CNN's State of the Union
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "I don't know anything about David Duke." Trump seems to have forgotten that he knew enough about Duke to denounce him twice this election cycle. In 2000, he knew enough to criticize Duke’s racism. And in 1991, he knew enough to say he hated what votes for Duke represented. We rate Trump’s  ! "I don't know anything about David Duke."
Statement: The 550 U.S. billionaires together are worth $2.5 trillion. If we confiscated 100% of their wealth, we'd raise enough to run the federal government for less than eight months.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 23, 2019
Topics: federal budget;wealth;taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A 2019 viral image newly reshared on Facebook claimed: "The 550 U.S. billionaires together are worth $2.5 trillion. If we confiscated 100% of their wealth, we'd raise enough to run the federal government for less than eight months." The two figures are out of date, but the thrust of the  is accurate: The estimated $5 trillion in wealth of the nation’s billionaires is enough to cover about eight months’ worth of federal spending. We rate the  .
Statement: It is just a fact that Hamas, apparently the North American spokesperson, is endorsing Senator Obama.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: April 25, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: Little Rock, Ark
Fact-check justification: In a CNN interview on May 8, 2008, Obama responded to a question about McCain's comment by saying it was offensive and that McCain is "losing his bearings." But Obama did not deny that the Hamas official had been supportive of his campaign. Obama may not like the kind words from a U.S. enemy, but still, they are kind words. They may not constitute an official endorsement, but they are pretty close. We find McCain's statement to be .
Statement: Supreme Court Shakes Up 2020 Election, Assigns Conservatives To Swing State Circuit Courts.
Speaker: gop daily brief
About the speaker: GOP Daily Brief is a conservative website. 
Date: November 23, 2020
Location: national
Topics: supreme court
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: An article claims that the Supreme Court is shaking up the 2020 election by assigning conservatives to swing-state circuit courts. The Supreme Court did reassign some justices, but it’s  to  that this will affect the election outcome.  Circuit courts are routinely reassigned when a new justice joins the Supreme Court, and an assignment is often based on a justice’s familiarity with a certain circuit or region, not political ideology. Law professors told us that individual justices would have limited power to unilaterally overturn the election outcome in any state in their assigned circuit. And there are too few ballots being challenged in federal court to affect the outcome of the election. We rate this  . ​
Statement: Wisconsin is "one of the bluest" states, but under Scott Walker its unemployment rate "is around 3.5%.
Speaker: rush limbaugh
About the speaker: Rush Limbaugh is a conservative radio talk show host. His website describes him as "America's Truth Detector; the Doctor of Democracy; the Most Dangerous Man in America; the All-Knowing, All-Sensing, All-Everything Maha Rushie; defender of motherhood, protector of fatherhood and an all-around good guy."
Date: March 19, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: bipartisanship;elections;jobs;labor;states
Context: a radio commentary
Fact-check justification: Our rating Limbaugh said Wisconsin is "one of the bluest" states, but under Walker its unemployment rate "is around 3.5%." Although Wisconsin has voted for the Democratic nominee in the last seven presidential contests, as a frequent battleground state, it is far from being an automatic in the Democratic column. At the state level, meanwhile, Wisconsin is currently Republican red but was recently Democratic blue, and by other measures it is somewhere between the two. As for unemployment under Walker, it has dropped to near 6 percent, but nowhere near 3.5 percent. We rate Limbaugh’s statement .
Statement: Any Republican that has led for two months and led every state has won the GOP nomination.
Speaker: matthew dowd
About the speaker: Matthew Dowd is an author and MSNBC analyst. In 2021, he briefly ran for the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor of Texas. He served as chief political strategist to Republican President George W. Bush.
Date: September 6, 2015
Topics: elections;punditfact
Context: a panel discussion on ABC News' "This Week with George Stephanopoulos"
Fact-check justification: Dowd said that any Republican who has led in the polls for two months running at both the state and national levels had gone on to win the nomination. Dowd did not provide the polling data he used, and the historical record is thin across all the states he had in mind. Going back to the 1980 election, there does not seem to be two consecutive months of polling in the spring and summer even in the states with the most polls, Iowa and New Hampshire. But the record does show the sort of early polling dominance leading to nomination success that Dowd described. Our principle is that it’s up to the speaker to prove his . There’s some substance to the statement, but not enough to fully back it up. We rate this  .
Statement: John D. Rockefeller coined the term "fossil fuel" to trick people into thinking that his product was scarce and drive up the price when fossil fuels are actually "the second most abundant liquid on the planet.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 1, 2022
Location: national
Topics: gas prices;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post features a TikTok video that claims Rockefeller created the term "fossil fuels" in 1892 to trick people into thinking oil was scarce and boost prices when fossil fuels are actually "the second most abundant liquid on the planet." Rockefeller is not responsible for coming up with the term "fossil fuels" at the end of the 19th century. It was being used over 100 years earlier, first showing up in 1759 in texts by the German chemist Caspar Neumann.  Oil might be abundant but it took millions of years to yield the barrels of oil that are being drilled today, and not all oil is necessarily able to be extracted. And experts say there’s no clear measurement that puts oil as the planet’s "second most abundant liquid." We rate this .
Statement: The Confederate battle flag in South Carolina was first flown at the statehouse in 1961. "It was flown as a symbol of massive resistance to racial desegregation.
Speaker: eugene robinson
About the speaker: Eugene Robinson is a columnist for the Washington Post.
Date: June 21, 2015
Topics: history;race and ethnicity;states;punditfact
Context: comments on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Robinson stated that when the Confederate flag was first flown over South Carolina’s statehouse in 1961, and it was hoisted as a symbol of "massive resistance to racial desegregation." Robinson is right on the date. The flag first flew over the statehouse to mark the opening ceremonies of a Civil War Centennial celebration. Whether it was raised as a deliberate symbol of a "resistance to racial desegregation" is not completely clear. Experts and research find a circumstantial link between the spread of the flag and the racial divisions of the 1950s and 1960s. We rate Robinson’s  .
Statement: California's shipping backlog is, in part, caused by a "California Truck Ban which says all trucks must be 2011 or newer and a law called AB 5 which prohibits Owner Operators.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 13, 2021
Location: national
Topics: trade;facebook fact-checks;california;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Facebook posts  that the shipping pileups at California ports are being driven, in part, by two policies affecting long-haul truck drivers in California. Truck drivers have been exempt from the gig worker bill since it was passed and the state’s clean air regulations have been in place since 2008. While the rules may have had some impact on trucking decisions in the state, the post overstates how much and omits the major role the pandemic has played. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread layoffs and factory closures that haven’t yet bounced back to meet the surging consumer demand.  For a statement that contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is . RELATED:   High prices and depleted shelves: Here’s why the supply chain is a mess — and will be for a while
Statement: Says ICE and border patrol officers "unanimously endorsed me for president.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: January 25, 2017
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: remarks at Department of Homeland Security
Fact-check justification: Trump said ICE and border patrol officers "unanimously endorsed me for president." Unions representing ICE and border patrol agents endorsed Trump for president. Not all officers represented by the ICE union voted to endorse Trump, and some border patrol agents in Texas asked their local union to disavow the national union’s endorsement. Trump’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: A video shows Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis saying, "Now Trump's been indicted, now the people will have no choice but to accept me as their assigned candidate.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: March 31, 2023
Location: national
Topics: elections;florida
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: It has long been rumored that DeSantis will run for president in 2024, and Trump has made him a target in public comments and social media posts. Though DeSantis has not officially announced a bid, he has given media interviews and made certain appearances, including in battleground state Iowa , which political observers believe show his intent to run.   NBC News noted that this deepfake and others like it are "emblematic of the way in which a small army of Trump-aligned social media influencers has honed its tools in the early phase of the 2024 presidential campaign." The news organization reported that "the goal is to portray DeSantis as insufficiently supportive of the former president at a time when most Republicans are rallying to his side." We rate the  that a video shows DeSantis saying, "Now Trump’s been indicted, now the people will have no choice but to accept me as their assigned candidate," !
Statement: There is no state in the U.S. where a 40-hour minimum wage work week is enough to afford a two-bedroom apartment.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 11, 2014
Location: national
Topics: housing;income;poverty
Context: a Facebook graphic
Fact-check justification: The Facebook graphic by OurTime.org claimed, "There is no state in the U.S. where a 40-hour minimum wage work week is enough to afford a two-bedroom apartment." The group left out a key distinction from the study they cite: Minimum wage workers can’t afford a two-bedroom apartment at Fair Market Rent , a number determined by the federal government for each region set at the 40th percentile of all rents in that area. That means that in some areas, minimum wage earners would be able to find and afford housing that is cheaper than the Fair Market Rent. Though, in states where rent is more expensive, minimum wage earners would not be able to afford apartments even well below the Fair Market Rent. The point is reasonably on target and applies to the vast majority of minimum wage workers looking for quality rental housing. We rate the  .