chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Blue Cross Blue Shield cancelled all their individual (health care) policies in the state of Texas, effective Dec. 31.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: January 21, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;health care
Context: a New Hampshire appearance
Fact-check justification: Cruz said: "Blue Cross Blue Shield cancelled all their individual (health care) policies in the state of Texas, effective Dec. 31." Actually, the company continues to sell coverage all over Texas, according to Blue Cross Blue Shield of Texas. The company also says individual customers like Cruz were notified months before 2016 changes—including an end to individual PPO plans--kicked in. So, Cruz was both  about Blue Cross’ offerings in Texas and evidently mischaracterized how his own coverage came to lapse. That adds up to !   – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. UPDATE, 9:43 a.m., Jan. 25, 2016: After we published this fact check, Cruz’s campaign separately said Cruz hadn’t realized when he spoke in New Hampshire that after Dec. 31, 2015, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Texas shifted Cruz’s family from the policy it was losing to an HMO plan. That is, he wasn’t uninsured after all. We’ve added this detail to our story; it did not change our rating of his general .
Statement: Says "Senator Joe Manchin hit (an) all time low saying seniors and the disabled did not need the relief package $1000 on Fox News.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 18, 2020
Location: west virginia
Topics: disability;workers;facebook fact-checks
Context: on social media
Fact-check justification: Manchin said that federal government compensation should be targeted at those who have suffered a direct financial hit due to business closures, including the newly unemployed. Manchin said that workers who remain employed would not fit those criteria for receiving checks. Nor would people whose income consists of government checks that remain steady and reliable, such as those who live on Social Security and/or disability checks. This is a nuanced position involving how to structure government aid, rather than a shot at seniors and the disabled, as the post suggests. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details, so we rate it .
Statement: One of the reasons that Social Security is in so much trouble is that the only funding stream comes from people who get a wage. The people who get wages is declining dramatically.
Speaker: mike huckabee
About the speaker: Mike Huckabee ran for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former governor of Arkansas; he also sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. He left hosting a self-titled television show on Fox News in January 2015.
Date: August 6, 2015
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;jobs;social security
Context: a Republican presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Huckabee said that "one of the reasons that Social Security is in so much trouble is that the only funding stream comes from people who get a wage. The people who get wages is declining dramatically." Several aspects of this  are problematic, starting with the inaccuracy that only wages support Social Security. In addition, Baby Boomer retirements are shifting the ratio of recipients to workers in the  direction, but it’s not as simple as there being a dramatic decline in the number of people who get their income from wages. In fact, Huckabee overstates the impact of non-wage income on Social Security’s fiscal health; the shift from wage income to non-wage income is happening among the richest Americans, but this group still accounts for a fraction of all income earned in the country. On balance, we rate the  .
Statement: In 2009, the Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council ranked Ohio 11th in the nation and 1st in the Midwest for overall business climate.
Speaker: ted strickland
About the speaker: Ted Strickland was governor of Ohio from 2007 through 2010. He lost his bid for re-election in 2010 to Republican John Kasich.
Date: July 17, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;small business
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: And it considers both personal and corporate taxes and other categories that reflect the state’s larger narrative about business climate. So while Strickland may overstate Ohio’s Midwest ranking, his  about the SBE’s rankings is on point and the SBE’s methodology reflects the larger context of the tax debate. We rate Strickland’s  . Comment on this item .
Statement: The United States right now incarcerates more African-Americans as a percentage than apartheid South Africa did.
Speaker: nicholas kristof
About the speaker: Nicholas Kristof is a columnist for the New York Times who frequently writes about international development issues.
Date: December 4, 2014
Topics: criminal justice;punditfact
Context: a broadcast of the "Daily Show"
Fact-check justification: Kristof said that America puts African-Americans behind bars at a higher rate than South Africa did under apartheid. Based on the known , that appears to be correct. In 2010, the black male incarceration rate in the United States was 4,347 people per 100,000 in the United States. That comes nowhere close to reported incarceration rates of blacks in South Africa during and immediately after the apartheid era. We rate the  .
Statement: You know what the biggest lie is, is that restaurants are spreaders of COVID. There's no science for that.
Speaker: laura ingraham
About the speaker: Laura Ingraham is a conservative broadcaster and commentator. On April 13, 2014, she was named an ABC News contributor.
Date: December 8, 2020
Topics: public health;pundits;punditfact;coronavirus
Context: a TV handoff
Fact-check justification: Ingraham said, "You know what the biggest lie is, is that restaurants are spreaders of COVID. There's no science for that." In fact, plenty of  suggests restaurant dining has helped spread the coronavirus. Places that allow indoor dining and don’t follow safety protocols are considered especially unsafe. We rate Ingraham’s statement . RELATED: Laura Ingraham  about 'no real scientific basis' for social distancing
Statement: How many federal rulings have NOW found intentional discrimination by #Txlege since 2011? 6.
Speaker: rafael anchia
About the speaker: Rafael Anchia, a Dallas lawyer, initially won election to represent Texas House District 103, taking in a western corridor of Dallas County, in 2004.
Date: April 20, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: elections;history;legal issues;redistricting
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Anchia said that six times since 2011, federal rulings found intentional discrimination by the Texas Legislature. We confirmed six such rulings from August 2012 through April 2017 issued by federal judges regarding Republican-drawn U.S. House and Texas House districts or the GOP-driven law requiring voters to present photo identification at the polls. We rate the  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says police are warning that a new technique by gangs is to throw eggs at your windshield and to not "operate the wiper" because it will "block your vision up to 92.5%," forcing you to stop the car and become a victim.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 20, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "After smashing the eggs on the driver's side of the windshield, a thick, clear film covered the glass. Instantly spraying the glass with fluid and turning on the wipers removed most of the residue. Although making a mess, the eggs would not force a driver to immediately pull off to the side of the road because of reduced visibility." We even found a YouTuber who tested the  on video, using his wipers and windshield spray to try to clean up the mess of multiple broken eggs during daylight and night, and found, to quote him, "This is not a problem, not an issue." We rate this warning .
Statement: Medicare insurance premiums will be rising to "$120.20 per month in 2013 and $247.00 per month in 2014.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: July 12, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: federal budget;health care;medicare;poverty;retirement
Context: a message via the Internet
Fact-check justification: A chain e-mail says Medicare insurance premiums will be rising to "$120.20 per month in 2013 and $247.00 per month in 2014." The  has been repeatedly debunked and although the  can easily be found with a quick Google search, it continues to spread. Even newer estimates from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services show that the increases projected through 2021 will bring the premium to $161.20 -- not even close to the $247 premium that the e-mail says will take effect in 2014. So if you're feeling hot and bothered after reading and passing along this bit of e-mail twaddle, it's not because seniors will be facing a 105 percent premium increase from 2013 to 2014. It's because you've got  ! (Get updates from PolitiFact Rhode Island on Twitter: @politifactri . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Keystone means unlocking the Canadian tar sands.
Speaker: chris coons
About the speaker: Chris Coons is the junior U.S. senator from Delaware, having defeated Republican Christine O’Donnell for Vice President Biden’s old seat. He served formerly as the county executive of New Castle County, Delaware.
Date: January 11, 2015
Location: national
Topics: environment;energy
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Coons said building "Keystone means unlocking the Canadian tar sands." Oil production has been steadily growing in the Canadian tar sands without the Keystone XL pipeline. Most experts expect that trend to continue despite current low oil prices. Coons would have been on safer ground if he said Keystone XL would unlock Canada’s ability to further increase its production capacity. The pipeline would offer much lower transportation costs than current transportation methods, which would encourage greater oil production. But his literal words weren’t accurate. We rate his  .
Statement: The WIC program "is an incredibly cost effective program, serving nearly 10 million Americans each year and costing less than $100 per person. In my district, more than 18 percent of residents suffer from food insecurity and depend on WIC to make ends meet.
Speaker: david cicilline
About the speaker: David Cicilline was elected to the 1st Congressional District in 2010. Before that, he was mayor of Providence, beginning in January, 2003. A Brown University graduate, he received his law degree from Georgetown University Law Center.
Date: June 14, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: children;federal budget;health care;poverty;women;taxes
Context: a speech on the floor of the House of Representatives
Fact-check justification: And if the GOP cuts were to take effect, the number of people affected in his district wouldn't be close to 1,000 -- it would be more like 225. They say that two wrongs don't make a right. We say that this many Falses in 46 seconds warrants a ! (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: The state contributed $80 million for the new Bucks arena, but new income tax revenue from basketball events alone "is estimated to be probably over $600 million over the life of the lease.
Speaker: scott neitzel
About the speaker: Scott Neitzel formerly helmed the Wisconsin Department of Administration. Currently heads Wilson Wells Advisory Services. 
Date: May 12, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: sports;taxes
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Neitzel said the  state contributed $80 million for the new Bucks arena, but new income tax revenue from basketball events alone "is estimated to be probably over $600 million over the life of the lease." Stadium financing experts called the projections "fantasy figures" and "hyperbole" and noted such projections rarely have come  on past projects. That said, the estimates were created by state agencies. And Neitzel couched his  as a projected figure. We rate his  .
Statement: A vigilante "shot down the Chinese spy balloon in an extraordinary act.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: February 4, 2023
Topics: china;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: But people unfamiliar with the Sam Hyde meme should have a hard time suspending their disbelief that a lone gunman on the ground knocked out a balloon miles and miles overhead.   Brynn Tannehill, a former naval aviator and senior technical analyst at the Rand Corp. think tank, told Insider that trying to take out a high-altitude balloon with the air defense systems the United States has is "very difficult" because most systems "weren’t designed to shoot down things operating at the kinds of high altitude balloons can operate at. "  How high does a bullet go? A physicist explored the question for Wired in 2009 and cited MythBusters, which concluded that a .30-06 cartridge will go 10,000 feet high, while a 9 mm cartridge will travel 4,000 feet.   We rate claims that a vigilante shot down the Chinese balloon .
Statement: There is no discernible difference between the spread and deaths of COVID in Virginia than there is in Florida.
Speaker: pete snyder
About the speaker: Pete Snyder is a Virginia entrepreneur and a Fox News contributor. He is seeking the Republican nomination for governor in 2021.
He founded New Media Strategies, a social media marketing agency, in 1999. That company was acquired and Snyder worked as CEO through 2011, but continued as a senior adviser afterwards. In 2012, Snyder founded Disruptor Capital, a firm that invests in technology, marketing and public affairs start-ups in Virginia. 
Snyder graduated from the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, and is a member of the board of visitors there. He unsuccessfully sought the GOP nomination for lieutenant governor in 2013.
Date: March 12, 2021
Location: florida
Topics: public health;coronavirus;virginia
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Snyder recounted criticism of DeSantis in April 2020 when the Florida governor resisted some COVID restrictions, including mandatory mask wearing. "Nearly a year later, there is no discernible difference between the spread and deaths of COVID in Virginia that there is in Florida," Snyder said. In fact, there are easily discernible differences between that April and March 12,2021, when Snyder made his statement. Florida’s cumulative COVID case rate was 29% higher than Virginia’s; its cumulative death rate from the virus was 28% higher. So, we rate Snyder’s statement .
Statement: Nobody's health is at risk right now" from PFAS contamination, as long as they are receiving bottled drinking water
Speaker: scott manley
About the speaker: Scott Manley serves as chief lobbyist for Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce and oversees the government relations program by directing a team of lobbyists and policy experts. He also manages WMC’s issue advocacy program, 
Date: January 31, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment;public health;water
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: Elevated levels of PFAS have also been found in the livers of deer in the Marinette area, prompting the DNR to issue consumption advisories for the organs, according to a September 2020 report in the Journal Sentinel .   So even though residents may have access to clean water via deliveries of bottled water, there is still a risk of consuming contaminated produce, fish or meat from the area, which could contribute to a buildup of PFAS in the body.   Our rating Manley claimed that no one’s health is at risk if they’re receiving bottled drinking water due to contamination in their home’s water supply.   While precautions put in place to provide safe drinking water have helped mitigate the problem in the short term, residents can still ingest PFAS through other means, such as meat or fish hunted from nearby land, or possibly even produce harvested from areas where PFAS are present in the soil.   We rate the  .
Statement: Says the U.S. Department of Justice has "seen in the past" that police department "consent decrees don't work, that there's very little change, that oftentimes immediately after a consent decree goes into effect, crime actually goes up.
Speaker: kevin graham
About the speaker: Kevin Graham is the president of the Fraternal Order of Police Chicago Lodge 7.
Date: June 21, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: public safety
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Graham said the Justice Department has "seen in the past" that police department "consent decrees don’t work, that there’s very little change, that oftentimes immediately after a consent decree goes into effect, crime actually goes up." His office pointed us to an academic report that found court-enforced interventions were associated with an uptick in crime. What he left out is that the same report found those effects to be temporary. Experts also pointed out that such an increase doesn’t negate the progress cities under consent decrees have made in the years following implementation when it comes to improving relations between police and members of the communities they protect. Trump’s Justice Department has indeed stepped back from pushing for reforms at individual police agencies. But the same agency had lauded progress fostered by consent decrees and concluded they did not appear to endanger public safety. We rate Graham’s  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.
Statement: Says Raphael Warnock defended the "hatred" of Jeremiah Wright, the pastor who said "not God bless America, God damn America," and gave Wright "an award for truth telling.
Speaker: kelly loeffler
About the speaker: Kelly Loeffler is a former U.S. Senator from Georgia.
Date: November 13, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: candidate biography;religion
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Loeffler claimed that Warnock defended the "hatred" of Wright, the pastor who said in a 2003 sermon, "not God bless America, God damn America," and that Warnock gave Wright "an award for  telling." Wright’s sermon decried America’s historical mistreatment of Black people. What Warnock defended was Wright’s role as a preacher in the " telling" about that mistreatment. A Texas divinity school, not Warnock, honored Wright for his career in ministry. Loeffler’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That’s our definition of . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more. RELATED: PolitiFact fact-checks and articles about the two Georgia Senate runoffs
Statement: Says Joe Biden said, "Buy a man eat fish, he day, teach fish man, to a lifetime.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 8, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In this case, the jumbled quote attributed to Biden appears to be made up.   PolitiFact searched Google, Nexis news archives and Factba.se , an interactive transcript website that tracks Biden’s public remarks. We found no record of Biden botching the saying in such a way. If you found yourself fooled by this Facebook post, go fish. It’s !
Statement: Two long running, Obama era, investigations of two very popular Republican Congressmen were brought to a well publicized charge, just ahead of the Mid-Terms, by the Jeff Sessions Justice Department.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: September 3, 2018
Location: national
Topics: congress;legal issues
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said the investigations of two Republican congressmen began under Obama. The jumping-off point for the Collins insider-trading investigation was a phone call that began months after Obama left office. The start date of Hunter’s investigation is a bit trickier. A congressional watchdog looked into campaign finance allegations prior to Trump’s presidency, and some of the misconduct he’s since been indicted for also predates the 2016 presidential election. But the first public reports that Hunter was under criminal investigation appear to have surfaced in March 2017, during Trump’s presidency. We rate this .
Statement: The largest number of gamblers are "from the poorest segments of the population.
Speaker: john stemberger
About the speaker: John Stemberger is the president of the Florida Family Policy Council, a conservative Republican group that advocates against same-sex marriage and adoptions.
Date: October 20, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: gambling;poverty
Context: a website
Fact-check justification: The council's blog stated "the largest numbers of gamblers comes from the poorest segments of the population." The council's president said he was speaking in general about gambling -- not specific to lotteries or casinos or to any specific location. The data about the income demographics of gamblers must be explained in the context of the type, frequency and sometimes location of gambling. There is a lot of data to suggest that lottery sales outlets are concentrated in poor neighborhoods and that poor lottery ticket buyers end up spending a higher portion of their income. But that isn't what the council claimed. And the research about lotteries would not necessarily apply to the Las Vegas-style casinos that the Florida legislature is now considering. We rate this  .
Statement: Says U.S. Senate candidate Tommy Thompson supports a plan for "privatizing Social Security.
Speaker: workers' voice
About the speaker: Workers' Voice is a "super PAC" affiliated with the AFL-CIO
Date: October 1, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;medicare;message machine 2012;social security
Context: a campaign flier
Fact-check justification: But the 2012 plan included no mention of privatizing Social Security. And we could find no  Thompson backed the 2010 plan or the earlier ones. Thompson promoted Bush’s ideas on privatization as a member of his cabinet until 2004. But that circumstantial , no matter how suggestive, doesn’t help prove this very specific  that Thompson endorsed a Ryan plan that touted private accounts. Based on what we know now, we rate the  .