chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Over 39% of violent criminals return to prison following their release.
Speaker: joe sanfelippo
About the speaker: Joe Sanfelippo was elected to the State Assembly in 2012 as a Republican from West Allis. He's a small businessman who owned and operated a landscaping business. He served a term on the Milwaukee County Board of Supervisors from 2008-12.
Date: February 1, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: an online video
Fact-check justification: A Corrections Department rule allows that action. Our rating Sanfelippo claimed that "over 39% of violent criminals return to prison following their release." The number tracks a credible report by the state, so it’s on target. But it needs clarification because Sanfelippo portrays the repeat offenders as "terrorizing" neighborhoods when some very likely were imprisoned anew for lesser violations. That’s our definition of .
Statement: Nearly 65 percent -- almost two-thirds -- of all new permanent residents obtained that status by virtue of their family status.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: March 5, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: his book 'Immigration Wars'
Fact-check justification: Bush said that by 2011, of the one million immigrants granted permanent legal residence, "nearly 65 percent -- almost two-thirds -- of all new permanent residents obtained that status by virtue of their family status." Bush correctly cites the numbers, and his broader point is correct, too -- our system favors family reunification. We rate this  .
Statement: It's entirely possible that the Democratic nominee, [Hillary Clinton], earned more money giving a single speech on Wall Street than I made the six years that I was there back in the 1980s… In fact, it's quite likely.
Speaker: pat toomey
About the speaker: Pat Toomey is a U.S. senator from Pennsylvania, having won election to his seat in 2010 by defeating Democratic Rep. Joe Sestak. Toomey occupies the seat formerly held by Sen. Arlen Specter, to whom he narrowly lost in the 2004 Republican U.S. Senate primary.
Date: May 19, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: income
Context: an interview with Chris Stigall on Talk Radio 1210 WPHT
Fact-check justification: Pat Toomey said that it was possible and even likely that Hillary Clinton earned more money giving a single speech to a Wall Street bank than he did in his six years there. Clinton earned $260,000 in her most profitable speech to a Wall Street bank, so Toomey would have had to have earned an average of about $43,000 per year on Wall Street. It’s possible the entry-level salary for a trader was less than $43,000 in the 1980s, but Toomey was a trader at the forefront of the derivatives operation at Morgan Grenfell. So it’s likely he earned a significant bonus, which would put his earnings over that threshold. It gets less likely if we adjust Toomey’s non-bonus-inflated potential salary for inflation. An annual salary of about $43,000 in 1985 would make significantly more than $260,000 over six years in 2016 dollars. And Toomey didn’t just say it was "possible" he made less in six years on Wall Street than Clinton did in one speech. He said it was "likely." Based on average salaries and bonuses from this era of Wall Street and input from experts, it does not seem likely. It gets less likely if we adjust Toomey’s non-bonus-inflated potential salary for inflation. An annual salary of about $43,000 in 1985 would make significantly more than $260,000 over six years in 2016 dollars. We rate this  .
Statement: Over the last two years, the number of murders in America and America's major cities has dropped, unlike here (Chicago), by more than 10%.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 28, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: crime
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Referring to Chicago, Trump said that "over the last two years, the number of murders in America and America’s major cities has dropped, unlike here, by more than 10%." Chicago has seen a nearly 30% decrease in murders over the past several years. That well outpaces the national decline of just under 7%. Rather than holding the nation back, as Trump suggested, Chicago’s progress has contributed to the national decline in violent crime. We rate Trump’s  !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Terry (McAuliffe) calls in his friend Joe Biden to actually put the DOJ on Virginia parents.
Speaker: glenn youngkin
About the speaker: Republican Glenn Youngkin was elected Virginia's governor in November 2021. He defeated Democrat Terry McAuliffe, who was governor from 2014 to 2018.
Youngkin was reared in Richmond and Virginia Beach and won a basketball scholarship at Rice University, where he earned an engineering degree. He earned a MBA from Harvard University. Youngkin worked 25 years at the Carlyle Group, a global private equity firm based in Washington with $230 billion in assets. He retired in 2020 as CEO after taking the company public. His net worth is estimated at $254 million, according to The Washington Post.
Youngkin's 2021 campaign for governor is his first bid for public office.
Date: October 6, 2021
Location: virginia
Topics: education;public safety
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification:   Youngkin says, "Terry (McAuliffe) calls in his friend Joe Biden to actually put the DOJ on Virginia parents." McAuliffe says he never contacted Biden or anyone in the White House to request FBI protection for educators facing increasing protest for school policies on health and social issues. Youngkin provides no proof to the contrary.  This is a made-up  by Youngkin on a highly charged issue, and he’s said it at least three times. We rate Youngkin’s statement !
Statement: Barron Trump Rushed To The Hospital, Hospital Releases Statement On His Condition
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 6, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: I could send you one but it's of me in a wheelchair, connected up to tubes, in a hospital. Better? That’s more than enough to seal the fate of the  that Barron Trump was rushed to hospital with severe pneumonia. We rate this  !
Statement: Says N.C. Attorney General Josh Stein has gone after Jan. 6 protesters but he has "said nothing" about violent summer protests in North Carolina and was "derelict in his duty.
Speaker: mark robinson
About the speaker: Mark Robinson, a Republican, was elected Lt. Governor of North Carolina in 2020.
Date: October 21, 2021
Location: north carolina
Topics: jan. 6
Context: an interview with Diamond and Silk
Fact-check justification: Robinson said Stein decided to "go after his political enemies" who stormed the Capitol on Jan. 6, but has "said nothing" about violent protesters "and has been derelict in his duty in prosecuting any of those people." Robinson embellished Stein’s role in finding people who stormed the Capitol on Jan. 6. The attorney general’s office, which doesn’t have jurisdiction to prosecute federal charges, merely collected and relayed tips to the FBI. Robinson is  about Stein staying "silent" about violent protests in North Carolina. He released a statement in June. He also appears to be  about Stein being "derelict in his duty" to prosecute violent protesters. Stein’s office says it hasn’t received a request to participate in a local case, which it would legally need in order to get involved. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Currently, when we ship products out of America, many other countries make us pay very high tariffs and taxes — but when foreign companies ship their products into America, we charge them nothing or almost nothing.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 28, 2017
Location: national
Topics: trade
Context: a speech to Congress
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "When we ship products out of America, many other countries make us pay very high tariffs and taxes — but when foreign companies ship their products into America, we charge them almost nothing." Trump’s  makes a generalization about the reality of trade in the United States and abroad. There are examples of countries who make the United States pay high tariffs and taxes, but there are other countries who charge about the same or nothing (Canada). It’s really a mixed bag. As for the second part — that we charge them almost nothing — we do charge something, but experts said that something is relatively low on a global setting, so Trump has a point. Overall, we rate this  .
Statement: Says the Treasury Department "says 41 percent of all business income reported on individual returns would be hit by the [millionaires'] surtax" that "would harm small businessmen and women, the very people we are counting on to create new jobs.
Speaker: rodney frelinghuysen
About the speaker: Rodney Frelinghuysen is a Republican Congressman representing New Jersey's 11th district, which includes all of Morris County and parts of Sussex, Somerset, Passaic, and Essex counties.
Date: November 4, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: income;small business;taxes
Context: an email newsletter
Fact-check justification: Frelinghuysen claimed the Treasury Department said "41 percent of all business income reported on individual returns would be hit by the surtax. Thus, the President’s tax would harm small businessmen and women, the very people we are counting on to create new jobs and hire new workers!" The congressman’s use of the statistic is . Frelinghuysen applies the statistic to small business owners, saying it would hurt the individuals we are counting on to create jobs. But the figure represents income from all businesses, not just small businesses. And the same report he’s basing his information on found that slightly more than one-fifth of small businesses are employers. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: The Supreme Court will put Donald Trump back in office in October
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 18, 2022
Topics: elections;legal issues;supreme court
Context: a TikTok on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A TikTok video on Facebook suggests the Supreme Court will put Donald Trump back in office in October. The TikTok references an election law case the court has agreed to take up pertaining to the powers of state legislatures. A ruling is not expected until next summer.  While Trump can run for election in 2024, the Supreme Court can’t just place him back in the White House. We rate this statement ! RELATED : All of our fact-checks about elections
Statement: In most states, you can buy an assault rifle with no proof of ID, but in every state, you need proof of ID to vote.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 18, 2018
Location: national
Topics: elections;guns
Context: on the Internet
Fact-check justification: The viral image said that in most states, you can buy an assault rifle with no proof of ID, but in every state, you need proof of ID to vote. It is indeed possible to buy an assault rifle without an ID if you go to a gun show — but the graphic neglects to mention that these sales are the exception rather than the rule. A significant majority of gun purchases are made in transactions that require ID and a background check. As for the voting , some states have imposed strict photo ID laws at the voting booth. However, the graphic ignores that about one-third of states require no ID at all to vote, and that many of those that do require identification allow a range of documents to serve that purpose, including student IDs, utility bills and debit cards. We rate the viral image .
Statement: Barack Obama asked Ukraine to investigate his political rival's campaign manager, 3 Democrat senators asked Ukraine to investigate Trump, and the DNC solicited Ukraine's help to dig up dirt on Trump.
Speaker: charlie kirk
About the speaker: Charlie Kirk is the founder and president of Turning Point USA, a conservative group that advocates for limited government and free markets.
Date: September 29, 2019
Topics: criminal justice;impeachment;foreign policy;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Kirk said, "Barack Obama asked Ukraine to investigate his political rival's campaign manager, 3 Democrat senators asked Ukraine to investigate Trump, and the DNC solicited Ukraine's help to dig up dirt on Trump, and the media was silent about all of it." Kirk’s three claims are all rooted in events or incidents that did transpire, but they oversimplify what happened in such a way that they give a  impression. We rate this statement .
Statement: It is the vaccinated, NOT the unvaccinated, spreading mutant variants.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 13, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Alpha, beta, gamma and delta variants were first detected in unvaccinated populations. Most variants were detected before vaccines were even approved for use and they have accelerated in unvaccinated populations. While research has found that vaccinated people who become infected with COVID-19 are able to transmit the virus, studies also show that unvaccinated people are far more likely to contract and spread the delta variant than vaccinated people. We rate this  .   PolitiFact staff researcher Caryn Baird contributed to this report.
Statement: Photo shows President Joe Biden sitting with "Lisa Monaco, second in charge of the DOJ, probably working on future Plots and Schemes against Republicans.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 19, 2023
Location: national
Context: a Truth Social post
Fact-check justification: "I think that in a Biden administration you’ll see a lot of women and people of color." Trump’s  Social post suggests to viewers that the image of Biden and Monaco is current, referring to her role as the No. 2 Justice Department official. But the picture is a decade old. We rate this statement .   RELATED : Fact-checking 2024 presidential candidates, who’s running
Statement: Voting machines didn't work in heavily GOP areas for the Georgia runoff elections, leaving some voters unable to cast ballots.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 5, 2021
Location: georgia
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An article shared on Facebook claimed that during the Jan. 5 Georgia runoff elections voting machines didn’t work in some heavily Republican areas and that some voters were kept from casting their votes. President Trump shared similar reports about broken machines. Election officials said that while there may have been some isolated mechanical issues, the matters were resolved and there is no indication that votes were not cast as a result of those problems. Election protection lawyers, local media and Georgia’s  secretary of state all confirmed there was no indication of widespread problems. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Rachel Levine supports "government-funded sex reassignment surgery without parental notification or authorization" for all children.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 26, 2021
Topics: lgbtq;facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: Facebook posts said that Rachel Levine supports "government-funded sex reassignment surgery without parental notification or authorization" for all children. There is no record of Levine supporting genital surgery for young children. In a lecture, Levine stated that "there is no medical treatment" for prepubescent children with gender dysphoria.  Performing genital surgery on prepubescent children violates the standards of care laid out by professionals in transgender medicine.  This  is .
Statement: Says "today unemployment has been running near 12 percent or more for the last four years" and the Legislature hasn't done much to lower it.
Speaker: tim knopp
About the speaker: Former Oregon Rep. Tim Knopp, R-Bend, is challenging state Sen. Chris Telfer, R-Bend, for Senate District 27 in the May 2012 primary.
Date: March 6, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: jobs
Context: campaign website
Fact-check justification: (We gave it a .) We think the same way here. Knopp appears to be as responsible for a 6 percent unemployment figure as Telfer is for a 12 percent unemployment rate, and that’s not very much. His figures are correct, making the statement partially accurate, but there’s important information missing: The context of a global recession. We rate the statement .
Statement: I will need to show proof to do anything indoors in" New York City, "but not when I vote?
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 4, 2021
Location: new york
Topics: elections;government regulation;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: A viral image claimed that "I will need to show proof to do anything indoors in" New York City, "but not when I vote?" In New York State, including New York City, you don’t need to show identification to vote — if you are a registered voter. And proof of vaccination is not required to vote. But the  about "anything indoors" is . Starting Aug. 16, the city will require customers and employees to show proof of COVID-19 vaccination in order to enter certain venues — for indoor dining, indoor fitness, and indoor entertainment and performances. But the mayor’s order does not include other types of indoor venues. We rate the post . RELATED:   As extremes shape voter ID debate, the rules keep getting stricter
Statement: West Virginia added the highest percentage of new construction jobs in 2017 in the United States, at 14.4%. This amounted to 4,300 additional jobs! In fact, #WV was the only state with double-digit growth!
Speaker: west virginia republican party
About the speaker: The West Virginia Republican Party is the official Republican state party organization in West Virginia.
Date: September 14, 2018
Location: west virginia
Topics: economy;housing
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The West Virginia Republican Party tweeted that "West Virginia added the highest percentage of new construction jobs in 2017 in the United States, at 14.4%? This amounted to 4,300 additional jobs! In fact, #WV was the only state with double-digit growth!" A look at the original data shows that the No. 1 ranking, the percentage increase, and the raw increase in jobs are all correct. So is West Virginia’s distinction as the only state with double-digit growth in 2017. We rate the statement .
Statement: Jeff Greene can buy anything" ...  he owns two mansions.
Speaker: kendrick meek
About the speaker: Kendrick Meek is a former U.S. Representative for Congressional District 17 in Miami, serving from 2003 to 2011. He campaigned for the U.S. Senate and was defeated on Nov. 2, 2010.
Date: July 29, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;elections;message machine 2010
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: That's the same yacht that tore up a coral reef in Belize, by the way . In Kendrick Meek's second TV ad, he uses pictures of two homes and labels them "Mansion" and "Mansion 2" to help illustrate rival Jeff Greene's personal fortune. We wanted to know if those images were real or simply placeholders. Turns out, what you see is what you get. We rate Meek's  .
Statement: Delayed election results are proof of fraud.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 5, 2022
Topics: elections
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: Each state has its own laws about when counting can begin for mail-in ballots, and some of those procedures can slow the counting process. That doesn’t prove that fraud is at play. We rate the  .   RELATED: No, every vote wasn’t previously counted on election night RELATED : Ask PolitiFact: What steps do election officials take to prevent fraud?
Statement: Says the Clinton Foundation "accepted millions and millions of dollars from governments like Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Oman and the United Arab Emirates," which violated "a ban on all contributions to the Foundation from foreign nations.
Speaker: steve chabot
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Steve Chabot has proudly served Ohio's First Congressional District for 18 years. A lifelong Cincinnatian, Steve previously served as a Cincinnati City Councilman and Hamilton County Commissioner for four years each prior to being elected to Congress in 1994.
Date: June 8, 2016
Location: ohio
Topics: candidate biography;elections
Context: his campaign blog
Fact-check justification: Chabot wrote, "The Clintons violated that ban time and time again, and accepted millions and millions of dollars from governments like Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Oman and United Arab Emirates." The agreement, a memorandum of understanding, was not a ban. At the very least, the Clinton Foundation accepted $1.5 million from Algeria and Oman, and at most, $5.5 million. Oman’s donation was allowed under the memo’s terms, but Algeria’s was not. Is the amount likely "millions and millions?" Probably. The Clinton Foundation has accepted funds from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, too, but not while Hillary Clinton was secretary of state. We rate his statement .