chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: I helped win one of the biggest private lawsuits against Medicare fraud in history. The government declined to pursue the case, so my firm did, and we recovered $324 million for taxpayers.
Speaker: stacey evans
About the speaker: Stacey Evans, a Democrat, is a state representative from the Smyrna area.
Date: June 12, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: health care;medicare
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: "But a smaller deficit means it is less likely that taxes are raised or services cut." Our rating Evans said that she "helped win one of the biggest private lawsuits against Medicare fraud in history." The lead counsel on the case corroborated her role in it, and the Justice Department confirmed its historic importance. Her  that they recovered $324 million for taxpayers also checks out. We rate this statement .
Statement: The COVID-19 rescue bill includes money for a list of projects that are not COVID-related.
Speaker: stand for america
About the speaker: Stand for America, founded by Republican Nikki Haley, the former South Carolina governor and U.S. ambassador to the U.N., says it promotes “public policies that strengthen America’s economy, culture and national security.”
Date: February 24, 2021
Topics: federal budget;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed: "Democrats’ COVID ‘stimulus’ bill wish list" includes money "for a bridge connecting Canada to New York"; an "underground rail project in Silicon Valley"; museums and "Native American language preservation";  Amtrak; "environmental justice grants"; and "‘family planning’ organizations like Planned Parenthood." The figures listed in the post for six components of Biden’s $1.9 trillion relief bill are largely accurate. But the post needs additional information. For example, the largest of the six — $1.5 billion for Amtrak — was also requested by the Trump administration. And the six components comprise a tiny fraction of the $1.9 trillion. We rate the post .
Statement: Says Joe Biden has "written a letter of apology" for calling Trump's travel restrictions from China "xenophobic.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 3, 2020
Location: national
Topics: china;elections;coronavirus
Context: a Fox News virtual town hall
Fact-check justification: Trump said Biden called the ban on travel coming in from China "xenophobic," and that "he actually apologized with a letter on a Friday night saying ‘he made the right move.’" We found no record of any letter or apology from Biden. Trump appears to be citing a campaign official’s statement to the media in support of Trump’s decision.  Biden has used the word "xenophobic" several times in reference to Trump, but not directly in reference to the China travel policy. We rate this statement .
Statement: Promotes a chart saying that Barack Obama has "increased the debt" by 16 percent, compared to George W. Bush, who increased it by 115 percent.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: May 3, 2011
Location: national
Topics: deficit;federal budget;history
Context: a chart posted on her Flickr account
Fact-check justification: It cherry-picked the measurement that was favorable to its cause. And it is contradicted by statistics for GDP-adjusted debt, which show Obama to be the most, rather than the least, debt-creating president of the last five. None of this suggests that Obama can’t turn things around as the economy improves (and Democrats can also take some solace in the fact that Bill Clinton did remarkably well in all of our measurements). But in communicating which administrations contributed the most to growth of the debt, this chart is a failure. We rate it .
Statement: Health care reform "would bring down the deficit by as much as $1 trillion over the next two decades.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 27, 2010
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;health care
Context: a State of the Union speech
Fact-check justification: So Obama is relying on some very shaky estimates here. He would have been on firmer ground if he had simply said that during the second 20 years, the CBO found that health care would continue to improve the deficit. He gave himself some leeway was by saying it could be "as much as" $1 trillion, but that's an estimate that the CBO itself didn't produce. In fact, the CBO said the uncertainties involved are too great to create detailed projections. For putting a firm number on the CBO's carefully hedged projection, we rate his statement .
Statement: Congressman Joe Heck has (voted) 62% of the time with Nancy Pelosi and the Democrats on a variety of important issues.
Speaker: sharron angle
About the speaker: Sharron Angle is a former member of the Nevada Assembly who unsuccessfully tried to unseat Harry Reid in 2010 as the Republican nominee for his U.S. Senate seat.
Date: May 25, 2016
Location: nevada
Topics: voting record
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: An Angle ad claims Heck has voted 62 percent of the time with Nancy Pelosi and the Democrats on a variety of important issues." Under the narrow parameters of the Conservative Review’s "Liberty Score," Heck and Pelosi do appear to share similar policy priorities. But that only takes into account 50 votes over a six-year period. Other conservative groups with legislative scorecards show a much wider gap between the two, and a review of their cumulative voting records shows a much larger gap in votes. This  is . We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/cce12a3d-22d7-4490-a2a0-cd0b6bff89a4
Statement: Thousands of Americans have been killed by illegal immigrants.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 27, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Springfield, Ohio
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Thousands of Americans have been killed by illegal immigrants." Trump puts no timeframe on his comment, leaving his audience to fill in the blanks. In reality, there is no solid data for homicides committed by people here illegally. His implicit suggestion is that people should fear illegal immigrants more than citizens, and we don't see  for that. Research shows immigrants are less likely to engage in criminal behavior than the native-born population. However, like the legal U.S. population, some of the country's more than 11 million undocumented immigrants have committed murders. Trump’s statement was open-ended enough that we rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/d5475563-24db-4e90-8690-4d02c81f5bbf
Statement: I have 2 and a half million more votes than he (Sanders) does.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: April 5, 2016
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: an interview on ABC's "the View"
Fact-check justification: Clinton said she has received 2.5 million more votes than Sanders. That  can’t be completely verified because we don’t have the raw vote totals from the caucus states of Iowa, Nevada, Washington and Maine. However, given the numbers we do have, it is likely that Clinton’s lead is at least in the neighborhood of 2.4 million votes. That’s not much of a difference. We rate this  .
Statement: Scott Walker supported the same transportation bill he's attacking me for. He said at the time it would save the taxpayers money.
Speaker: mark neumann
About the speaker: Mark Neumann is a developer and home builder from Nashotah. He was a Republican candidate for U.S. Senate from Wisconsin in 2012. He ran for governor in 2010 and formerly represented southern Wisconsin in Congress.
Date: September 9, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;message machine 2010;transportation
Context: a campaign TV ad
Fact-check justification: Walker did not qualify his remarks to suggest he liked the Petri provision but was against the whole bill. We could find no record of Walker opposing the full bill or the $9 billion in pork. But by pairing the highlighted words from Walker’s letter with Neumann’s narration, it leaves viewers with the impression that the words refer to support for the full bill. They do not. We rate the  .
Statement: General Motors is making record profits.
Speaker: glenn kage
About the speaker: Glenn Kage is the president of UAW Local 2250.
Date: September 16, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: economy
Context: a Missouri Times interview
Fact-check justification: Kage said, "General Motors is making record profits." According to GM’s SEC filings, GM had record profits in 2015, but not in the past two years, when GM’s profits have actually been decreasing. Although the recent years’ profits are higher than they were in the early to mid 2010s, they still aren’t considered record-setting. With that data, we rate this  .
Statement: American middle schools caught forcing students to do Muslim prayers 5 times a day.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: March 20, 2019
Topics: education;fake news;religion;facebook fact-checks
Context: a social media post
Fact-check justification: "If we did have an actual tornado we need to practice for the little ones, just so they get used to the idea," a teacher said on camera. There is no mention of Islam or prayers in the news segment. A photo does not show middle school students being forced to do Muslim prayers five times a time. That is a fabricated . We rate it !
Statement: Says a WHO proposal "portrays milk and dairy products as an obstacle to a healthy start in life.
Speaker: u.s. dairy export council
About the speaker: The U.S. Dairy Export council represents the global trade interests of U.S. dairy producers, proprietary processors and cooperatives, ingredient suppliers and export traders.
Date: May 9, 2016
Topics: global news service;agriculture;children;public health;trade
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The U.S. Dairy Export Council said a WHO proposal "wrongly portrays milk and dairy products as an obstacle to a healthy start in life." The proposal clearly is targeting some dairy products, specifically powdered formulations, as ones that work against the benefits that come from maintaining breastfeeding through a child’s early years. But the dairy industry is making a much broader , saying the proposal targets milk and dairy products generally. That’s at best unclear. It’s likely unfounded, experts told us. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/19fba549-5c0e-49d6-9345-12daccfef3dc
Statement: Homosexual behavior "cuts your life by about 20 years.
Speaker: bob marshall
About the speaker: Bob Marshall, a Republican, respresents the 13th District -- parts of Prince William and Loudoun counties -- in the House of Delegates. He was first elected in 1992 and serves on the Finance, Counties CIties and Towns, and Science and Technology committees.
Marshall ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate seats in 2008 and 2012.
Marshall was born in Takoma Park, Md. He earned an associates degree from Montgomery College, Montgomery County, Md., in 1965, a bachelor's degree from Belmont Abbey College, Belmont, N.C., in 1969, and a master's degree from California State University, in 1991. Before and during his time in the state house, he has worked for the American Life League, a nonprofit Catholic group that opposes abortion.
Date: May 24, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: health care;lgbtq;sexuality
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: One of the authors said there have been tremendous advances in HIV treatment over the last 20 years and that Marshall’s statement is a "gross misrepresentation" of the research. The U.S. death rate from HIV was nine times higher in 1990 than it was in 2010, the latest year for the data. Marshall cites a number of other studies that show homosexuals face certain health risks. But none of them focused on the life expectancy of homosexuals, and they certainly didn't conclude that gays die about 20 years earlier than heterosexuals. We rate Marshall’s  .
Statement: Clint Eastwood Leaves His Estate To The Trump 2020 Campaign
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 17, 2018
Topics: campaign finance;fake news;punditfact
Context: a fake news blog post
Fact-check justification: The editors of the Las Cruces Sun News see no clouds on the horizon. "We hope that as many local workers and businesses as possible apply for these jobs and services, allowing us to get the maximum economic impact from the production," they wrote July 13 . There’s no  that Eastwood is ailing and he would be legally barred from donating millions to the Trump campaign. Lights, camera, no action! This  rates .
Statement: 794 law enforcement officers have fallen in the line of duty since B.H. Obama took office, with no special recognition from the White House.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 2, 2014
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a meme on social media
Fact-check justification: The Facebook meme said that "794 law enforcement officers have fallen in the line of duty since B.H. Obama took office, with no special recognition from the White House." While the meme offered a reasonable approximation for the number of fallen officers, the meat of its accusation -- that Obama has ignored the suffering of law enforcement officers killed in action -- is demonstrably . We found at least six instances in which Obama honored the lives of fallen officers in writing or in speeches. Archived information about these events was easily available to the public on the White House website, meaning that the meme’s creator was reckless in not taking them into account. We rate the  .
Statement: Women fill two-thirds of minimum wage jobs.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: September 18, 2015
Location: iowa
Topics: workers
Context: a roundtable event on women's economic security
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "Women hold two-thirds of minimum wage jobs." Her campaign referred us to a credible May 2015 study that supports her . According to the study, 62.7 percent of minimum wage workers age 16 and older are women.  That’s almost, but not quite, two thirds. In addition, that study ignored complexities like minimum wage workers in places that have a higher wage already and who would benefit from changes relating to tips. Clinton is largely on point with her numbers. We rate her  .
Statement: New carbon regulations will increase electric bills by "$17 billion every year" and "potentially put an average of 224,000 more people out of work every year.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: June 2, 2014
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;economy;jobs;government regulation;regulation
Context: a post on his website
Fact-check justification: Boehner said the EPA’s plan to regulate carbon emissions in existing power plants will increase electric bills by "$17 billion every year" and "potentially put an average of 224,000 more people out of work every year." Those numbers are based on a U.S. Chamber of Commerce study that came out before the EPA announced the regulations on existing power plants. That study wrongly assumed the administration would set a benchmark of reducing carbon emissions by 42 percent before 2030. The regulations released June 2 actually put forward a 30 percent reduction within that timeframe. The chamber itself told PolitiFact its estimates are not based on the goals as announced. But despite these serious flaws, Boehner used the numbers anyway. We rate his statement .
Statement: All travelers -- even babies -- arriving in the U.S. by air must have a passport.
Speaker: john axford
About the speaker: John Axford is a relief pitcher for the Milwaukee Brewers.
Date: February 14, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: homeland security
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: His father drove the family across the border to Detroit and they caught a flight from there to Arizona. Our conclusion Axford’s trip back to the mound took a detour. He said it was because of travel delays and said federal law required his baby to have a passport to fly back into the country. He learned a valuable lesson about border crossing: The feds are always right. We rate Axford’s statement .
Statement: We put a lid on Iran's nuclear program without firing a single shot.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: July 28, 2016
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;nuclear
Context: her acceptance speech at the Democratic convention
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "We put a lid on Iran's nuclear program without firing a single shot." There are lots of uncertainties about how well the accord will hold up over time, and especially what will happen once some of its provisions expire. As the saying goes, there are no guarantees in life. Still, most independent experts we have checked with agreed that the deal is both effective on paper and close to the best outcome the United States could have achieved through diplomatic means. So we’re giving it some benefit of the doubt. As long as you define "put a lid on" as "keep in check" -- a definition we think is reasonable -- rather than "ensure something will never, ever happen," then Clinton has a plausible case. We rate her statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/36d26cd0-52c4-49c6-a2a5-cd7e0d61b130
Statement: Current immigration "apprehension numbers are worse than the 'crisis' Biden/Obama/Pelosi acknowledged in 2014!
Speaker: kayleigh mcenany
About the speaker: Kayleigh McEnany is an on-air commentator for Fox News and former White House press secretary under President Donald Trump. She was previously a spokeswoman for the Republican National Committee and a pro-Trump pundit on CNN.
Date: March 8, 2021
Topics: immigration;pundits;punditfact
Context: a Facebook post and tweet
Fact-check justification: McEnany said that "apprehension numbers are worse than the ‘crisis’ Biden/Obama/Pelosi acknowledged in 2014!" The word "apprehension" can be confusing. If you count expulsions from the country under the Title 42 authority Trump invoked at the start of the coronavirus pandemic, then McEnany is right.  Border officials recorded more cases in which someone was caught trying to cross the border illegally this January and February than they did during the peak months in 2014. We rate this statement .
Statement: President Trump signed legislation to clean up millions of tons of trash from our oceans and lakes last week.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 21, 2019
Topics: environment;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "This likely is the same  as in February being shared belatedly." When we reviewed the original  about this legislation, we rated it . That’s because Trump signed a bill that reauthorized a program aimed in part at removing marine water debris. This more recent Facebook post makes a similar  but it goes on step further, wrongly stating that Trump signed the legislation this month. We rate this one as .