chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says Joe Garcia "voted to raise our utility rates.
Speaker: gloria romero roses
About the speaker: Gloria Romero Roses is a Democrat running in the Congressional District 26 primary in Miami-Dade and Monroe counties in Florida.
Date: July 18, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography;energy;government regulation;voting record
Context: a mailer
Fact-check justification: Romero Roses said Joe Garcia "voted to raise our utility rates." He did take votes in favor of utility rate increases while serving on the Public Service Commission between 1994 and 2000. The role of commissioners is to review rate increases and determine if they are warranted and if so grant them. But Garcia’s tenure on the commission can’t be boiled down into a simple sentence. Some of those increases contain caveats -- for example, they were limited to only part of the state or to certain customers. Garcia also voted in favor of a $1 billion settlement for consumers who used FPL. Whether all of Garcia’s votes for increases or decreases add up to on average less or more for a consumer could vary depending on where that consumer lived at the time. We rate this  .
Statement: Deep RED cities are not boarding up" and the National Guard is "not being called in, in case Biden wins.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 2, 2020
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: In Texas, National Guard troops could be sent to cities like Houston, Dallas, Fort Worth, Austin and San Antonio, according to the Military Times.   The Instagram post is . We rate it . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: The average person only pays about $1,800 in state taxes — which is the lowest of all 50 states.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: March 3, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: taxes
Context: the Florida State of the State address
Fact-check justification: Scott said, "The average person only pays about $1,800 in state taxes — which is the lowest of all 50 states." That’s not exactly what the average person pays in taxes; it’s actually the state taxes collected per capita, which factors in children and other residents who pay little to nothing in taxes. That’s not necessarily the impression you would get from Scott’s statement. Still, according to two credible analyses, that number was the lowest in the country in 2013, the last year of available data. Other breakdowns put Florida among four states with the lowest tax burden per capita. We rate Scott’s statement .
Statement: This past (legislative) session, we passed out of the Legislature a resolution requiring Congress to pass a balanced-budget amendment to the (U.S.) Constitution.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: July 19, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: deficit;federal budget
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: In February, after the Texas Senate passed a different version of the call for a balanced-budget amendment, Dewhurst issued a statement characterizing the resolution as urging prompt action, noting that it takes ratification by three-fourths of the states for a constitutional amendment to stick. In contrast, Dewhurst’s campaign video leaves the misimpression Congress can, by itself, change the Constitution. It also misrepresents the Texas resolution by saying it "requires" Congress to affix the balanced-budget amendment. But the spirit of his message — that Texas legislators are aboard with the constitutional change — is accurate. We rate his statement .
Statement: The difference between what I support and what you support, Vice President Biden, is that you require them to opt in (to a Medicare public option), and I would not require them to opt in. … They would automatically be enrolled. That's a big difference. … Are you forgetting what you said two minutes ago?
Speaker: julián castro
About the speaker: Julián Castro is a former U.S. secretary of Housing & Urban Development. He was the youngest member of Barack Obama’s cabinet, serving from 2014 to 2017. Just before he became secretary of HUD, he was the mayor of San Antonio, elected in 2009. Castro received a bachelor’s degree in political science and communications from Stanford University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on Jan. 2, 2020.
Date: September 12, 2019
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a Democratic presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Castro said, "The difference between what I support and what you support, Vice President Biden, is that you require them to opt in (to a Medicare public option), and I would not require them to opt in. … They would automatically be enrolled. That’s a big difference." He also suggested Biden was contradicting what he’d said moments before. Castro’s plan is an opt-out plan while Biden’s is an opt-in plan, but the differences between those are much less than Castro suggests. Biden’s plan would guarantee Americans who are in need access to Medicare coverage, just like Castro’s would. The differences would likely amount to the nature or timing of paperwork, rather than being significant barriers to access. Castro used this questionable distinction to charge that Biden had said opposing things within two minutes, but that’s an exaggeration at best.  The statement has an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: In 1929, the Secretary of State shut down a program that was "collecting information to protect America" because it was "unseemly," but that move led to "millions and millions" of deaths in World War II.
Speaker: mike rogers
About the speaker: Mike Rogers is a Republican from Michigan who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2001 to 2015, including a stint as chairman of the House Intelligence Committee. A former FBI special agent, he is now a national security commentator for CNN.
Date: November 3, 2013
Location: national
Topics: history;foreign policy
Context: an interview on CBS' "Face the Nation"
Fact-check justification: Rogers said that in 1929, the Secretary of State shut down a program that was "collecting information to protect America" because it was "unseemly," but that move led to "millions and millions" of deaths in World War II. He is generally correct in his description of that year’s shuttering of a pioneering codebreaking project called the Black Chamber, but historians dismiss any suggestion that the program led inexorably to the onset of World War II. At best, they say, that notion is greatly exaggerated. We rate Rogers’ statement .
Statement: I have been much tougher on Russia than Obama, just look at the facts. Total Fake News!
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: February 20, 2018
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "I have been much tougher on Russia than Obama, just look at the facts. Total  News!" There’s broad agreement that on election meddling, Obama’s actions — while arguably insufficient to the threat at hand — were stronger than Trump’s. On a broader geopolitical level, there has been a significant degree of consistency between the Obama and Trump administrations in actual U.S. policy, and even a few examples where Trump has gone further than Obama did. That said, Trump’s own record of Russia- and Putin-friendly comments have sent contrary messages about U.S. policy toward Russia. We rate Trump’s statement .
Statement: Says drinking a bleach solution will prevent you from getting the coronavirus.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: January 28, 2020
Topics: consumer safety;fake news;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: "The FDA is not aware of any scientific  supporting the safety or effectiveness of MMS products, despite claims that the solution is an antimicrobial, antiviral and antibacterial. The FDA encourages consumers to talk to a health care professional about treating medical conditions or diseases." Our ruling  Backers of the QAnon conspiracy are recommending drinking a bleach solution to ward off the deadly 2019 Novel coronavirus. While the MMS solution has been touted by fringe groups as a "miracle cure" for a number of ailments, officials have repeatedly warned consumers against ingesting it, saying that doing so could cause severe vomiting, diarrhea and acute liver failure. This alarming theory is full-on !
Statement: New York consistently ranks as one of the worst voting turnout states in the nation.
Speaker: andrea stewart-cousins
About the speaker: Andrea Stewart-Cousins is the Democratic Leader in the New York State Senate. She represents parts of Westchester County.
Date: January 23, 2018
Location: new york
Topics: elections
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Stewart-Cousins said "New York consistently ranks as one of the worst voting turnout states in the nation." Voter turnout rates reported by the U.S. Census Bureau and McDonald confirm that . New York state has ranked near the bottom of states for voter turnout in most elections over the last few decades. We rate her  .
Statement: When a person cries, if the first drop of the tears come from the right eye, it's happiness. But when it comes from the left eye, it's pain.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 13, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Short answer: No. Long answer: Not . "  Every time you blink, according to the National Eye Institute , a thin layer of tears called "tear film" covers your cornea. Tears come from glands above the eyes, then drain into the tear ducts — small holes in the inner corner of the eyes. But they don’t play favorites.   We rate this post .
Statement: Creating 25 jobs in Umatilla County has the same impact as 500 jobs in the metro region.
Speaker: john kitzhaber
About the speaker: John Kitzhaber, a Democrat, was governor of Oregon for two terms, starting in 1995. He was inaugurated in 2011 for an unprecedented third term.
He was elected to the Oregon Legislature in 1978, rising to the position of Senate President. He spearheaded the Oregon Health Plan as a legislator and as governor. Kitzhaber graduated from Dartmouth College and the University of Oregon Medical School (now Oregon Health & Science University). He worked as an emergency room physician in Roseburg from 1974 to 1988.
Date: April 19, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: That makes sense to us. Once it’s clear the governor is talking about local impact, his statistics hold up -- they’re even understated. But, without that clarity you might hear that statement and think that 25 jobs in Umatilla had the same impact for the state as a whole as 750 in Portland, which just isn’t the case. So, we’ll give the governor a  here -- the statement is accurate but needs some clarification. Comment on this item.
Statement: When NAFTA was passed, there was an acceleration of immigration from Mexico because people were
in search of jobs.
Speaker: dennis kucinich
About the speaker: Dennis Kucinich is running in the Democratic primary for governor of Ohio in 2018. Kucinich was elected to Congress in 1996. He previously served as a member of the city council and as mayor in Cleveland, the city where he was born in 1946. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Case Western University. He has been married since 2005 to Elizabeth Harper. He was married twice before and has one child. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 25, 2008.
Date: September 9, 2007
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: Miami, Fla
Fact-check justification: Emigration was already high before 1994, especially due to people fleeing the wars in Central America in the 1980s. Poverty, coupled with natural disasters (Hurricane Mitch in Honduras in 1998 and an earthquake in El Salvador in 2001) continues to draw large numbers of migrants from Central America. In fact, immigration patterns were not substantially affected by NAFTA, according to a February 2004 report by the Congressional Research Service. The report found that while legal and unauthorized worker migration from Mexico to the United States did accelerate after NAFTA was implemented in 1994, the trade agreement was "largely irrelevant." It found that workers were drawn to the United States by Mexico's inability to provide jobs for a burgeoning work force, as well as periodic financial crises that caused huge job losses and undermined confidence in the Mexican economy.
Statement: The average hospital stay for a case of COVID-19 costs about $17,064. The vaccine is free.
Speaker: pramila jayapal
About the speaker: Congresswoman Pramila Jayapal serves in Congress representing Washington’s 7th District.
Date: August 30, 2021
Topics: health care;public health;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The vaccine is free." It’s difficult to determine an average cost for a hospital stay for COVID-19. Many individual factors can cause estimates to swing widely. But Jayapal’s figure is in line with several credible estimates, and to her bigger point, the vaccine is much cheaper. We rate her statement .
Statement: Photos show Portland, Ore., after protests.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 29, 2020
Location: oregon
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: One of the photos of cars is from August 2019, when a fire in Portland destroyed a townhouse, a gym and dozens of vehicles.   The second car photo , taken by AP photographer Julio Cortez, is from May 30 and shows a parking lot filled with scorched vehicles in Minneapolis "after a night of fires and looting" after the death of George Floyd, according to the caption .   The third photo shows the aftermath of a natural gas explosion near a construction site in Portland in October 2016. The fourth and fifth photos are also from after that explosion.   We rate this post .
Statement: Suggests fentanyl, not Derek Chauvin, killed George Floyd
Speaker: kanye west
About the speaker: Kanye West is an award-winning rapper/producer.
Date: October 16, 2022
Topics: criminal justice;race and ethnicity;pop culture
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: The lawyer for Floyd’s family said  Oct. 16 that the family would sue West for his comments. The mother of Floyd’s daughter also filed to sue West for $250 million for "harassment, misappropriation, defamation and infliction of emotional distress." Floyd’s brother is also considering a lawsuit. West suggested that fentanyl, not Chauvin, killed Floyd. We rate that  .
Statement: DO Black credit card is part of a government plot to control people's lives.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 26, 2023
Topics: climate change;economy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: A video shared on Facebook claimed a credit card Mastercard released was part of a government plot to control people’s lives.  The post cited baseless conspiracy theories related to the World Economic Forum, claiming the organization under its "Great Reset" initiative from 2020 wants to reshape the world under a single, totalitarian government.  The DO Black card, introduced in 2019, limited people’s spending based on the carbon emissions from their purchases. The card aimed to make people more aware of their purchases’ environmental impact.  The Doconomy CEO told PolitiFact using the card was voluntary and didn’t restrict people’s lives.  The card was discontinued in 2022.   We rate this  .
Statement: Trump's Cabinet is more white and more male than any first Cabinet since President Ronald Reagan's.
Speaker: center for american progress
About the speaker: The Center for American Progress is a progressive public policy research and advocacy organization. 
Date: April 25, 2017
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In a tweet, American Progress said, "Trump's Cabinet is more white and more male than any first Cabinet since President Ronald Reagan’s." That  is based on a credible New York Times analysis that found that Trump’s first cabinet had a smaller percentage of women and nonwhites combined than any president since Reagan. When you look at each demographic separately, however, George H.W. Bush has the most male cabinet. With that in mind, we rate this  .
Statement: Women in Oregon are paid 79 cents for every dollar paid to men. If the wage gap was eliminated, a working woman in Oregon would have enough money for 2,877 gallons of gas, 72 more weeks of food for her family or nearly 12 more months of rent.
Speaker: national partnership for women & families
About the speaker: The National Partnership for Women & Families is a non-profit, non-partisan organization "promoting fairness in the workplace, reproductive health and rights, access to affordable health care and policies that help women and men meet the dual standards of work and family."
Date: April 8, 2014
Location: oregon
Topics: economy;families;income
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: That compares with the $139.10 per week for the 72 weeks in the group’s pay-gap . Our Ruling A national advocacy group, in spotlighting Equal Pay Day, claimed that a pay gap between men and women exists in Oregon. PolitiFact Oregon has looked at the gap before and found that it’s real, but we took the next step by fact-checking the group’s  that the gap is big enough to pay for 2,877 gallons of gasoline, 72 months of food or nearly 12 months of rent. All three elements of the  checked out -- or were very close -- according to independent sources. We rate the  .
Statement: Nobody covered" the remarks of Patricia Smith, the mother of a Benghazi victim, "live, but almost everybody covered Khizr Khan's, Mr. Khan's remarks live.
Speaker: brian kilmeade
About the speaker: Brian Kilmeade serves as co-host of FOX News Channel’s live morning news program, “Fox & Friends,"  the No. 1 cable morning program. Immediately after “Fox & Friends”, Kilmeade hosts “Kilmeade and Friends,” a nationally syndicated three hour radio show on FOX News Radio. Additionally, he is the network’s sports reporter covering breaking national sports stories and major sporting events.
Date: August 1, 2016
Topics: pundits;punditfact
Context: on Fox and Friends
Fact-check justification: Kilmeade said "nobody" aired Patricia Smith’s remarks live, but "almost everybody" covered Khan’s remarks live. CNN, MSNBC and C-SPAN  covered both speeches live. Coincidentally, Fox News — of which Kilmeade is an employee — covered neither live. Point being: the speeches were covered the same. Kilmeade’s statement rates . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/fb15c5db-ef84-4542-8265-735674c9eaf5
Statement: There are 1,600 new coal-fired power plants being constructed as I speak around the world.
Speaker: cecil roberts
About the speaker: Cecil Edward Roberts, Jr., is a sixth-generation coal miner who has served as president of the United Mine Workers of America since 1995.
Date: September 4, 2019
Location: west virginia
Topics: energy
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Roberts said, "There are 1,600 new coal-fired power plants being constructed as I speak around the world." A New York Times article from more than two years ago cited the 1,600 figure, but even then it described units being "planned or under construction" -- not strictly under construction.  In addition, those numbers appear to have shrunk in the succeeding two years. Using the same website as the Times used, there are 458 coal-fired units being built worldwide today, and 903 if you include those in the pre-permitting or permit phase -- significantly less than what Roberts indicated.  We rate his statement .
Statement: A couple of hundred American cities are infested by members of the Mexican cartels.
Speaker: michael cutler
About the speaker: Cutler spent 30 years with the former Immigration and Naturalization Service (most of them as a criminal investigator) and is a fellow with Californians for Population Stabilization, which wants to limit both legal and illegal immigration in that state.
Date: June 7, 2011
Location: rhode island
Topics: drugs;homeland security;crime
Context: an appearance on the "Helen Glover ShowV
Fact-check justification: Prosecutors said kidnapping and beating was used to drive competitors out of the region. To sum up, Cutler said that "a couple of hundred [U.S.] cities are infested by the Mexican cartels," a 2008 Justice Department report said the cartels either run drug distribution sites or supply illegal drugs for distribution in 230 cities, and the latest report said the influence of those cartels have only grown. We rate his statement  . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)