chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: A "working woman" will earn $7.70 on $10.
Speaker: tom toles
About the speaker: Tom Toles is the editorial cartoonist at the Washington Post. He won the Pultizer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1990.
Date: June 18, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: income;labor;women;workers
Context: an editorial cartoon
Fact-check justification: It’s not. The cartoon is an oversimplification of complex data that has been misread and misused repeatedly. But adding more context would have meant more than a one-panel cartoon. Toles keeps his  broad enough to fall in line with the U.S. Census studies. We rate his  .
Statement: Recent blood clots or strokes in four major athletes are an unwanted effect of COVID-19 vaccines.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 10, 2022
Topics: public health;sports;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post suggested strokes and blood clots recently reported in four young athletes are related to COVID-19 vaccines. But two of the athletes were suffering from other conditions that caused their health issues. One said tests to determine his stroke’s cause were inconclusive. A college student had blood clots in her lungs, but there were no other public details available about her condition or vaccine status. Meanwhile, there’s no  linking the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines to an increased risk of blood clots, though there is a small risk associated with the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. Experts said studies show that the COVID-19 virus can increase someone’s risk of blood clots. We rate the  . RELATED: 'Died Suddenly' repeats debunked COVID-19 vaccine claims, promotes conspiracy theory RELATED: No clear  that COVID vaccines are responsible for strange blood clots observed by embalmers RELATED: No, COVID-19 vaccines aren’t responsible for an increase in deaths
Statement: California Has 1.8M More Registered Voters Than It Should
Speaker: election integrity project california
About the speaker: Election Integrity Project California is an elections watchdog group. 
Date: June 22, 2021
Location: california
Topics: elections
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: In California, voters must be inactive for a certain period of time in order for their name to be purged from the county’s voter roll, as per the rules stipulated by the National Voter Registration Ac t. As a result, there are a number of inactive voters on county voter rolls which could make it appear as if there is a greater number of registered voters than people who are eligible to vote. Inactive voters do not receive election materials or mail in ballots, and must follow state protocol in order to start receiving those materials again and participate in elections.   We rated the  that there are 1.8 million ineligible registered voters in California as .  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  .
Statement: Over 214,000 doctors opt out of Obamacare exchanges.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: October 30, 2014
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a chain email
Fact-check justification: A chain email claimed that more than 214,000 American doctors are "opting-out of Obamacare exchange plans." That is based on a survey of a select group of doctors and even the makers of the survey said it can’t be extrapolated for the entire country. Further, of the doctors responding to the survey, 42 percent said they weren’t participating in marketplace plans because they were never asked to, not because they were "opting out." The estimate is the result of a flawed methodology and a misreading of survey data. We rate the  .
Statement: Says 97 percent of food stamp benefits "are paid in the proper amounts to people who are really eligible.
Speaker: pete gallego
About the speaker: Pete Gallego, initially elected to the Texas House in 1990, won election to the U.S. House in November 2012. He lost his re-election bid in 2014. In July 2018, he ran in a special election to represent Texas Senate District 19.
Date: May 15, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: agriculture;poverty
Context: a U.S. House committee meeting
Fact-check justification: Gallego said 97 percent of food stamp benefits "are paid in the proper amounts to people who are really eligible." We are mindful this  did not speak to misdeeds that can occur once someone receives food stamps. Setting that aside, nearly 3 percent of such payments were overpayments in fiscal 2011, the latest year of available data, and nearly 1 percent were underpayments, according to the government. That’s a total of about 96 percent. Gallego’s statement comes close enough. We rate it as .
Statement: Under Republican economic policies, "the typical American family saw their incomes fall by about 6 percent.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 18, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;families
Context: Elyria, Ohio
Fact-check justification: Obama has a point that incomes for the "typical" family have fallen since 2000 when adjusted for inflation. But using a time frame that treats Obama’s tenure and Bush’s tenure equally, the decline was about 3 percent, not the 6 percent he cited. Meanwhile, on Obama’s larger point of blaming Republicans for the weak economy, we found a consensus that Obama is partly, but not completely, on defensible ground. On balance, we rate the statement .
Statement: Says Charlie Crist "stood there, over 3 African-American prisoners in chains, on their knees, on the side of the road. Saying that it was a great sight. Saying we needed to bring it to Florida. And you did this — whether you know or not — on the eve of Juneteenth, the day the African-American community celebrates the end of slavery.
Speaker: david jolly
About the speaker: David Jolly won a special election in March 2014 to represent the 13th U.S. Congressional District in Pinellas County, Florida. He won re-election in 2014 and was defeated by Democrat Charlie Crist in 2016. He is a former Washington lobbyist and aide to C.W. Bill Young.
Date: September 19, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: criminal justice
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Jolly said, Crist "stood there, over three African-American prisoners in chains, on their knees, on the side of the road. Saying that it was a great sight. Saying we needed to bring it to Florida. And you did this — whether you know or not — on the eve of Juneteenth, the day the African-American community celebrates the end of slavery." Jolly missed the mark on the finer points of the visit and the photograph. Crist went to Alabama to observe chain gangs in action more than a week prior to Juneteenth. He also didn’t say it was "a great sight," although he expressed his approval of the practice. He also wanted to bring the same style of chain gangs to Florida, which had just passed a law allowing it. The Department of Corrections only implemented individual leg irons later that year. The statement is partially accurate, but leaves out important details. We rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/a70ef2b5-29a4-481c-9367-3307b97d5cbe
Statement: I had the lowest net worth of any American president in the 20th century when I took office.
Speaker: bill clinton
About the speaker: Bill Clinton was president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton, the 2016 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party.
Date: June 29, 2014
Topics: history;wealth;punditfact
Context: comments on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "I had the lowest net worth of any American president in the 20th century when I took office." Without a doubt, Clinton’s net worth was one of the lowest of 20th century presidents, experts told us. Whether it was the lowest is hard to say, and we could not find information to support it. There’s a good case to be made that Truman entered the White House with a (albeit unknown) smaller net worth. There’s not enough  to prove Clinton correct, but he is at least right in his larger point: He did not enter the White House with the wealth of many of his contemporaries. On balance, we rate his  .
Statement: Liberal Democrats" who back Dan McCready "cut $716 BILLION from Medicare to fund their healthcare scheme: Obamacare.
Speaker: mark harris
About the speaker: Rev. Mark Harris is the former pastor of First Baptist Church in Charlotte. He has been a candidate for U.S. Senate and U.S. Congress in North Carolina.
Date: November 22, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: health care
Fact-check justification: However, his use of the number also gives a  impression. The number actually represented a projection of how much federal money Obamacare would save over the years, mainly at the expense of insurers, medical providers and hospitals. We rate this  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide.
Statement: Nobody in any election in America gets 74% of the votes. Ever. It doesn't happen.
Speaker: emerald robinson
About the speaker: Emerald Robinson served as chief White House correspondent for One America News from 2017 to 2020 and fo Newsmax from 2020 to 2022. Her she has a TV show, "The Absolute Truth," on FrankSpeech.
Date: May 26, 2022
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: a Substack post
Fact-check justification: Robinson wrote, "Nobody in any election in America gets 74% of the votes. Ever. It doesn’t happen." It happens all the time. It occurred in dozens of general elections for U.S. House seats in 2020. Even just looking at Trump’s endorsed candidates, at least 59 have won races with between 74% and 100% of the vote so far this year. On the same primary election day in Georgia, three Trump-endorsed candidates won with at least 74% of the vote. We rate the statement ! RELATED : All of our fact-checks about elections RELATED : All of our fact-checks about Georgia
Statement: Says Fox News anchor Shepard Smith stepped down after Attorney General William Barr "had a closed door meeting with Rupert Murdoch.
Speaker: the other 98%
About the speaker: The Other 98% is an activist organization that favors an increase in the minimum wage and opposes favorable tax treatment for large corporations.
Date: October 11, 2019
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook meme said Fox News anchor Shepard Smith stepped down after Attorney General William Barr "had a closed door meeting with Rupert Murdoch." There’s no  that Smith’s departure was in any way connected to the Barr-Murdoch meeting, although little is known about what happened at the meeting. Smith’s spokesperson told the New York Times that the anchor came to the decision on his own. We will re-evaluate this statement if the facts change. But based on what we know about the Barr-Murdoch meeting and Smith's decision, we’ll rate this statement .
Statement: In 2009, the FBI "referred more than 71,000" cases of people failing background checks when trying to buy a gun to another federal agency, "but U.S. attorneys ultimately prosecuted only 77 of them.
Speaker: mayors against illegal guns
About the speaker: Mayors Against Illegal Guns describes itself as a coalition of U.S. mayors that works to help law enforcement target illegal guns.
Date: January 23, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: criminal justice;crime;government regulation;guns
Context: a website post
Fact-check justification: So, there are indications that federal law enforcement authorities could file more criminal charges in cases in which a gun purchase application is denied. But it’s also clear that large numbers of the denials don’t involve any crime at all and some cases are not provable. Our rating Mayors Against Illegal Guns said that in 2009, the FBI "referred more than 71,000" cases of people failing background checks when trying to buy a gun to another federal agency, "but U.S. attorneys ultimately prosecuted only 77 of them." The two numbers are essentially correct, but the statement takes things out of context in that, in a significant number of cases, no crime was committed and other cases are not provable. We rate the statement .
Statement: They've seen employer-supported coverage increase in Massachusetts after this law (Romneycare) was implemented.
Speaker: elizabeth roberts
About the speaker: Elizabeth Roberts has been Rhode Island's Secretary of Health and Human Services since January 2015. Previously, she served as lieutenant governor from 2007 to 2015, the first woman to hold that office. Prior to that, she was a State Senator from Cranston and Warwick.
Date: July 28, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: health care
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Rhode Island Lt. Gov. Elizabeth H. Roberts said that Massachusetts has "seen employer-supported coverage increase" since "Romneycare" was implemented. Massachusetts officials have published figures that back her up. The judges rate her   .
Statement: There never really was a 'Hastert Rule.'
Speaker: dennis hastert
About the speaker: Dennis Hastert is a former Speaker of the U.S. House from Illinois.
Date: December 18, 2013
Topics: punditfact
Context: a broadcast of MSNBC's "The Cycle"
Fact-check justification: Hastert said there never was a Hastert Rule. As a formal rule, adopted by the Republican Conference or the House Rules Committee, that is accurate. Boehner himself broke the Hastert rule at least twice in 2013 and suffered no consequences. Yet, the Hastert Rule has become shorthand for a belief popular among Republicans that has no-doubt shaped GOP policy in the past and present. And Boehner could face consequences from his Republican caucus if he continued to violate the rule -- namely losing his speakership. In that sense, the Hastert Rule has become a little akin to common law among the GOP. Hastert has a technical point but glosses over some important caveats. We rate his  .
Statement: Security cameras at Nancy Pelosi's San Francisco home malfunctioned "for the duration of the break-in, so officials have ended their investigation.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 30, 2022
Location: california
Topics: crime;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The police are conducting a review of the Oct. 28 incident, including looking at their command center, "which was monitoring the security camera feed from Pelosi’s home, according to a person familiar," Politico said.   Officials have not ended their investigation into the attack. The FBI San Francisco field office, the Capitol Police and the San Francisco Police Department are all investigating . David DePape, 42, the man accused in the assault, faces state and federal charges including assault, attempted kidnapping, attempted murder and elder abuse.   We rate this post !
Statement: Says Meghan Markle was paid $7 million for giving an interview to Oprah.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 9, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;punditfact
Context: an image posted on Facebook
Fact-check justification: Chris Ender, executive vice president for CBS Entertainment, also declined in an email to PolitiFact to reveal the agreed upon license fee. However, on March 5, two days before the interview was slated to air, The Wall Street Journal reported that CBS shelled out between $7 million and $9 million for the license fees, adding that a spokesperson for the Duke and Duchess of Sussex were not being paid for the interview. Representatives for Archewell, the organization founded by the couple that includes audio and video production arms as well as a nonprofit, did not respond to an email from PolitiFact. There is no  that suggests Meghan Markle was paid any amount, let alone $7 million, to give an interview to Oprah. We rate this  .
Statement: Says a manufacturing operation in his hometown that made gunstock for Remington rifles "closed down, we lost those jobs and it's been devastating for my little town.
Speaker: josh hawley
About the speaker: Josh Hawley took office as U.S. Senator from Missouri in 2019. Hawley previously served as Missouri’s Attorney General. 
Date: October 25, 2018
Location: missouri
Topics: economy;jobs;guns
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Hawley said that the gunstock manufacturing plant in his hometown of Lexington "closed down." Of the three S&K Industries locations in Lexington, one site shut down for gunstock manufacturing, but the rest continued operations and were purchased by Remington Arms without much hassle. So technically, Hawley is right, but it was just one facility, not an entire business. His statement overstates the effect, making it seem like the manufacturing business left town or was shuttered. We rate this statement .
Statement: Says instead of arresting a teen who was sneaking into a gym, a Chicago cop "shot him 53 times.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 13, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Valenti responded, and when he found out the teen had a membership that expired after his mother couldn’t afford it anymore, "he offered to pay $150 out of his own pocket, asking fitness center workers how much membership time that would buy for the boy," the Tribune reported .   It covered up to about four months, but after the gym’s corporate office found out about the situation, they said the $150 would go toward a two-year membership, instead, with the gym picking up the rest of the cost. The  Facebook post includes Valenti’s full name and photo and appears to be the same photo published by the Tribune . In the post’s caption, it’s obvious the original text was erased and the part that says he "shot him 53 times" was inserted, as the text size and style doesn’t visually match up with the rest of the sentence. We rate this !
Statement: Hochul is an "interim Governor.
Speaker: tom suozzi
About the speaker: Tom Suozzi is a Democrat who represents New York's 3rd Congressional District. He's running for governor.
Date: January 4, 2022
Location: new york
Context: a Tweet
Fact-check justification: Suozzi has been calling Gov. Kathy Hochul "interim governor."  Suozzi’s team told us that Hochul is an interim governor because she was not elected as governor and is serving in an interim capacity until the next election.  Hochul is interim governor only to the extent that any other governor is "interim" - they all serve fixed terms and are subject to election, Bopst said.  While political campaigns employ colorful language to persuade voters and discount their rivals, using "interim" to describe Hochul’s governorship can be . The New York State Constitution does not make any modifications or qualifications on lieutenant governors who become governor after a vacancy. The newly ascended governor has the full powers and duties granted to all governors. Nobody called Theodore Roosevelt or Lyndon Johnson interim presidents when they assumed office. The state constitution is clear that Hochul shouldn’t be described that way either. We give Suozzi’s statement a  rating.
Statement: [A]n extra 8 million Americans [are] projected to join state Medicaid programs in the next few years.
Speaker: phil gingrey
About the speaker: Phil Gingrey, a Republican, is a congressman from Georgia
Date: September 15, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: health care
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Since they’re making projections for an unprecedented overhaul in the country’s health care system, it’s reasonable for their results to vary. All projections foresee a major increase in Medicaid rolls, and Gingrey rightly noted a significant difference between two federal estimates. But he made a  when he understood CMS’ estimate as an update of the CBO figures. Gingrey’s statement is partially accurate but takes things out of context. We therefore rate his  .
Statement: Says the state's Medicaid waiver proposal "has languished in a file cabinet at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for more than two years.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: December 19, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: health care;state budget;states
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: She declined to comment on Perry's statement that it's languishing in a file cabinet. Perry's office did not respond to phone calls and e-mails seeking elaboration on the governor's recent characterization. Summing up: Perry’s statement echoes a  we rated  eight months ago. Significantly, the state has not revised its request to meet federal requirements, making this rerun worse than . !
Statement: Governor Christie also remains the only Governor since World War II, among both Democrats and Republicans, who failed to have his party win control of at least one legislative body over the course of his term.
Speaker: john wisniewski
About the speaker: John Wisniewski is a Democratic state Assemblyman representing a part of Middlesex County. Wisniewski also is chairman of the state Democratic Party.
Date: November 7, 2011
Location: new jersey
Topics: elections
Context: a memo on behalf of the New Jersey Democratic State Committee
Fact-check justification: Wisniewski said in a memo that Christie "remains the only Governor since World War II, among both Democrats and Republicans, who failed to have his party win control of at least one legislative body over the course of his term." But that comparison is not valid. Christie has been in office for less than two years and we found two other governors since World War II whose parties had not won control of a legislative body at the same point in their terms. We rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .