chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: More Americans have lost their jobs under Barack Obama than any president in modern history.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 16, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;history;jobs
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Romney’s  is accurate if you count from every president’s first day in office to his final day -- by those standards, Obama is indeed the only president since World War II to have presided over a net job loss. But if you compare each president from one year into his term to one year after the end of the administration -- a plausible approach if you hope to capture what kind of impact their policies had on the economy -- Obama’s job statistics shift into positive territory, while George W. Bush’s fall into negative territory. The fact that Obama’s -- or any other president's -- numbers can change dramatically depending on what timeline you use suggests that Romney’s conclusion isn't as telling as it sounds. Throw in PolitiFact’s perennial reminder that no politician is the sole cause of either jobs lost or jobs created, and we arrive at a ruling of .
Statement: Quotes Thomas Homer-Dixon as saying a windmill will "never generate as much energy as was invested building it.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 11, 2019
Topics: environment;energy;science;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Homer-Dixon , who served as the founding director of the Waterloo Institute for Complexity and Innovation and is currently a professor at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, even called out the meme in a May 2018 post on his website . "It’s worth noting that it would be pointless to put wind turbines in poor locations, and it’s trivial, or meaningless, to say that a turbine would never pay back its embedded energy in a poor location," Homer-Dixon wrote in the post. "So, 1) I didn’t write the text, 2) the text itself is selectively quoted, and 3) the argument it makes, taken in isolation, is meaningless. Three strikes." We rate this .
Statement: Florida has "1,200 golf courses. I think 58 million rounds played a year in Florida. We've got 44 percent of all travel golf in the country here. 5 million people come here just for golf.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: May 10, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: sports
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: Golf is a big deal for the Sunshine State -- and now we know that more rays equal more rounds. Still, Scott needs to finesse his points before getting our hole-in-one rating. We rate his golf rundown .
Statement: Georgia has a well-deserved reputation for setting the gold standard for food safety.
Speaker: kevin levitas
About the speaker: State Rep. Kevin Levitas represents portions of DeKalb County
Date: May 25, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: food safety
Context: a press releaase
Fact-check justification: Your paper demonstrated the same hyper-literalism when it scoffed at Roy Barnes's enthusiastic support for education by demeaning his allegoric suggestion that he would scrape gold from the Capitol dome, if need be, to improve education. In both cases, the AJC's verbal nitpicking missed the point entirely and misled the public. The important point was and is that the SAFE Act will move Georgia forward substantially in food-safety protection for Georgia consumers. Unfortunately, the AJC's ceding only about 200 words for my response to its 800-plus word attack devoted to my characterization precludes an adequate reply and prevents readers from having a fair forum in which to make up their own minds. State Rep. Kevin Levitas, Georgia House District 82
Statement: Current school lunch requirements "cause large amounts of food waste and diminished use of school lunches!
Speaker: vicky hartzler
About the speaker: Rep. Vicky Hartzler, R-Mo., represents Missouri's fourth district. She was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1994.
Date: August 14, 2018
Location: missouri
Topics: food
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: In announcing a bill that would roll back Obama-era legislation making school lunch regulations healthier, Hartzler tweeted federal school lunch requirements "cause large amounts of food waste & diminished use of school lunches!" Experts say the observation-based  she uses to back up the  is faulty and that the proportion of healthy foods thrown out is about the same, even though the total amount of fruits and vegetables wasted has gone up because they are required on every child’s plate. They also say that no substantial drop off in school lunch program participation has occurred since the law went into effect. For those reasons, we rate this  as .
Statement: US Capitol raided 2/2/21.
Speaker: youtube videos
About the speaker: Videos uploaded to YouTube.
Date: February 2, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a YouTube post
Fact-check justification: President Joe Biden and first lady Jill Biden also paid their respects around 10 p.m., according to news reports. Video from the event shows the Bidens standing before the urn with their hands on their hearts. Their visit wasn’t announced until the president’s motorcade left the White House, according to the New York Times . Sicknick, who died after sustaining injuries during the Jan. 6 storming of the Capitol, will be buried at Arlington National Cemetery.   We rate this YouTube video .
Statement: No one showed up for this Joe Biden and Kamala Harris joint campaign event in Arizona.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 11, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Eric Trump, the president’s second son, retweeted a clip of Garcia’s segment that was  deceptively edited to remove the part where she talks about the campaign choosing not to invite the public to avoid drawing a crowd. The video has been viewed on YouTube nearly 50,000 times.   After meeting with tribal leaders, Biden and Harris delivered remarks in front of pooled national press members, which was live streamed, before launching their bus tour to meet with small business owners in the area. The Facebook post’s  contains an element of  — it did show a Biden-Harris campaign stop — but it ignores that the campaign didn’t invite the public, or release any details about the event because of the pandemic. We rate it .
Statement: Helicopter released deadly mosquitoes" at Baltimore's AFRAM Festival.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 13, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram video claimed that a "helicopter released deadly mosquitoes" at Baltimore’s AFRAM Festival. Many who attended the festival described the flying insects as gnats, not mosquitoes. An expert told us that mosquitoes do not swarm in the way seen in the video.  We rate the  .
Statement: Tommy Thompson wanted to implant data chips in humans.
Speaker: michael mcauliff
About the speaker: Michael McAuliff is a senior congressional correspondent and blogger for the liberal HuffingtonPost.com and a former Washington reporter and editor for the New York Daily News..
Date: May 17, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;health care;technology
Context: website article
Fact-check justification: What’s left? The headline of an article by HuffingtonPost.com reporter Michael McAuliff said Tommy Thompson "wanted to implant data chips in humans." Thompson certainly was a major cheerleader for the product, although he made it clear he was only advocating that people choose to be chipped voluntarily. The headline was accurate, but needed clarification. We rate it .
Statement: Says Virginia Del. Mark Cole "wants schools to check children's genitals before using bathroom.
Speaker: occupy democrats
About the speaker: Occupy Democrats, founded in 2012, is an advocacy group created to counterbalance the Republican tea party, and to "give President Obama and other progressive Democrats a Congress that will work with them to grow the economy, create jobs, promote fairness and fight inequality, and get money out of politics!"
Date: January 12, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: children;education;fake news;sexuality
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Occupy Democrats said Cole "wants schools to check children’s genitals before using bathroom." There is nothing in Cole’s bill that says students will be forced to show their private parts to school officials before they can use the restroom. The group defends its statement by saying "it’s the logical conclusion" of legislation that’s silent on how it would be enforced. But there are other possibilities the group doesn’t consider. Cole suggests using birth certificates and student records to verify a student’s anatomical gender. The loose writing of the bill, which Cole is trying to tighten, leaves the legislator a little bit open to criticism. But it doesn’t entitle Occupy Democrats to make up a genital inspection  and attach Cole’s name to it. We rate the group’s  .
Statement: Map shows 2020 election results.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 11, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Compared to this year, the 2016 map portrays a blizzard blowing right for Trump across the country," the Post explained. Even areas that voted for Hillary Clinton gave her much less support than Barack Obama had received.   We rate claims that this map shows 2020 election results . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: We're borrowing 40 cents of every dollar we spend.
Speaker: kent conrad
About the speaker: Kent Conrad is a Democratic Senator from North Dakota. He is the top Democrat on the Senate Budget Committee.
Date: January 23, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;this week - abc news
Context: an interview on "This Week with Christiane Amanpour."
Fact-check justification: We initially found the numbers a little confusing, but one of the experts we interviewed for this story explained it this way: "It's like a family that earns $60,000 per year, but is spending $100,000. How are they doing it? By getting a new $40,000 loan every year to cover the difference," said Brian Riedl, a budget expert with the conservative Heritage Foundation. In rating Conrad's statement, we find he correctly described how much the government is borrowing in comparison with what it's spending. We rate his statement .
Statement: [L]ess than one-tenth of Atlanta's transportation needs are covered" in a referendum to levy a 1-cent sales tax.
Speaker: mike bodker
About the speaker: Mike Bodker is mayor of Johns Creek.
Date: June 16, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: transportation
Context: a newspaper article
Fact-check justification: The state Legislature designed the planned referendum to cover a smaller, 10-county region. Determining how much of the $120 billion would address needs for the smaller 10-county region is problematic because major projects can affect traffic in multiple counties.    That said, this quirk does not render Bodker’s statement . It may have been more precise for him to say that the 10-county referendum funds less than 10 percent of the 18-county region’s needs, but we think it’s safe to say your average voter doesn’t parse regional definitions this closely. We therefore rule Bodker’s statement .
Statement: A "majority of our students are trapped in" underperforming schools.
Speaker: george p. bush
About the speaker: George Prescott Bush, formerly a corporate lawyer, won election as Texas land commissioner in 2014. He's renominated to seek a second term in 2018.
Date: January 30, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: remarks at a "school choice" rally outside the Texas Capitol
Fact-check justification: Bush said the "majority of our students are trapped in" underperforming schools. Bush relied on another official’s speculation about how well schools might meet disputed federal standards that don’t apply to Texas this year anyway. Meantime, 2014 state ratings indicate more than nine in 10 districts fulfilled state-set standards and more than eight in 10 campuses did so. We rate this  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: In "the past four or five" presidential elections, "people who poll high at the beginning are not the people who end up being the nominees.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: November 11, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;polls and public opinion
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Five contenders -- Bob Dole in 1996, Bush and Gore in 2000, McCain in 2008 and Romney in 2012 -- all scored high in the earliest polls and went on to win their party’s nomination. Our rating Walker said that in "the past four or five" presidential elections, "people who poll high at the beginning are not the people who end up being the nominees." Some who polled high since 1996 didn’t become the nominee, of course, but that isn’t enough  to back Walker’s flat statement. Indeed, five contenders who polled well early did, in fact, become the presidential nominee. For a statement that has only an element of , our rating is .
Statement: We've got 115,000 miles of roads in this state and 90% is owned by the locals.
Speaker: craig thompson
About the speaker: Craig Thompson was tapped by Gov. Tony evers to serve as secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) beginning in January 2019. 
Date: July 5, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: infrastructure;transportation;taxes
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: But that was not part of the . Our ruling  Thompson said "we’ve got 115,000 miles of roads in this state and 90% is owned by the locals." Wisconsin has 115,674 miles of public roads and maintains the 11,745-mile state highway system. The other 103,929 miles are maintained by local municipalities, or 89.846%. For a statement that is accurate and not missing anything significant, our rating is .
Statement: Says Peter DeFazio votes with Nancy Pelosi 86 percent of the time.
Speaker: concerned taxpayers of america
About the speaker: Concerned Taxpayers of America has been running ads against Oregon's 4th District Rep. Peter DeFazio. It receives some of its money from the co-CEO of one of the world's largest hedge funds, Robert Mercer, who heads Renaissance Technologies of Setauket, N.Y., along with Peter Brown. The Washington Post reported the group's only other donor was Daniel G. Schuster Inc., a concrete firm in Owings Mills, Md., which gave two donations totaling $300,000
Date: October 25, 2010
Location: oregon
Topics: message machine 2010;voting record
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Again, he was the least liberal of Oregon’s four House Democrats. To summarize, DeFazio has diverged sharply from Democratic leadership on key issues, especially economic ones. To imply that Pelosi is really in the driver’s seat when it comes to DeFazio’s votes is . But it’s  that agrees with his party most of the time. We rate this .   Comment on this item.
Statement: John McCain accused Barack Obama "of letting infants die.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 1, 2008
Location: national
Topics: abortion
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: (His running mate Sarah Palin has said she opposes those exceptions, but the ad doesn't mention her.) We looked for examples, but could find no cases of McCain accusing Obama of "letting infants die." Certainly some antiabortion activists who support McCain have made the charge, but that's quite different from the McCain campaign saying it. McCain's abortion-related attacks usually center on Obama's refusal to confirm conservative judges. We find the  that McCain made the accusation to be .
Statement: Amazon Echo is recording every conversation in a person's home and transmitting it to the cloud.
Speaker: ro khanna
About the speaker: Ro Khanna is a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from a district that includes portions of such cities as Cupertino, Santa Clara and San Jose.
Date: May 26, 2018
Location: national
Topics: technology;privacy issues
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Khanna said, "Amazon Echo is recording every conversation in a person's home and transmitting it to the cloud." Amazon’s Alexa technology is designed to capture voice data only after a specific voice command, called a wake word, triggers a recording mechanism. Despite some instances where private conversations were accidentally recorded and uploaded to the cloud, Khanna’s  greatly overstates things. We found no  to suggest the device records every conversation and sends it the cloud. It does record conversations when it hears the wake word, and in some cases the device has misinterpreted speech when people didn't actually say the wake work. We rate this .
Statement: Says 15,000 IRS employees "have to be added to administer 'ObamaCare' and look at the tax implications.
Speaker: jeff fitzgerald
About the speaker: Wisconsin Rep. Jeff Fitzgerald, R-Horicon, is the speaker of the state Assembly. He was elected to the Assembly in 2000. His brother is Wisconsin state Senate Majority Leader Scott Fitzgerald. In October 2011, Jeff Fitzgerald ran unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate in 2012.
Date: December 27, 2010
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Let’s circle back. Fitzgerald claimed that 15,000 IRS employees "have to be added" to manage the health care reform law, as if it’s a settled point. There’s little question more IRS workers will have to be added, but the agency has not set a number. And there is no  that 15,000 will be the final number, though it is within the range of one government estimate, albeit one done for House Republicans. We rate Fitzgerald’s statement .
Statement: The government just stated under oath that they are in possession of UFOs and nonhuman alien bodies.
Speaker: lizzo
About the speaker: Lizzo is an American singer, rapper, songwriter and actress.
Date: July 26, 2023
Topics: congress;pop culture;space
Context: a post on X, formerly Twitter
Fact-check justification: American singer Lizzo claimed the government said under oath that it has UFOs and nonhuman alien bodies. The U.S. government did not say that. A former intelligence officer said, under oath, the U.S. had a longstanding program to retrieve and reverse engineer UAP aircraft that crashed, and that "nonhuman biologics" were also recovered.  We rate this post .
Statement: Suggests ivermectin is an effective treatment for COVID-19
Speaker: one america news
About the speaker: One America News is a conservative cable news service founded by Robert Herring.
Date: April 6, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: A December 2020 study that reviewed results from 23 trials initially seemed to show positive outcomes from use of ivermectin, but "reports surfaced that many of the studies (that were) included in the analysis were flawed and, in at least one case, alleged to be fraudulent," the New York Times reported . The study was retracted, and when the authors did a new, more rigorous version of it, "ivermectin’s benefit vanished." A Facebook post suggests ivermectin is an effective treatment for COVID-19. Scientific  does not support the use of ivermectin as a treatment for COVID-19. We rate this  .
Statement: Ohio Republicans made significant gains during [Chris McNulty's] time at the ORP, including the extremely successful re-election of President Bush in Ohio.
Speaker: bob bennett
About the speaker: Bob Bennett is chairman of the Ohio Republican Party. His current term began in 2012, and he plans to retire from the post May 31, 2013. He was an architect of the state party's modern-day successes, serving an earlier term as chairman from 1988 to 2009.
Date: March 4, 2013
Location: ohio
Topics: elections;states
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: However, Bennett’s statement does not take into account the significant Republican losses in 2006, McNulty’s last year in the Buckeye State. PolitiFact Ohio is not claiming the losses were McNulty’s fault. We’re not claiming the bad outweighs the good. But the fact that the party was in a weaker position when he left than it was when he arrived is an important clarification. So on the -O-Meter, Bennett’s statement rates .