chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: There are fewer people crossing (the southwest) border than in the last 30 years.
Speaker: luis gutierrez
About the speaker: Luis Gutierrez is a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois.
Date: July 25, 2016
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: an interview on Fox News' "The O'Reilly Factor"
Fact-check justification: Gutierrez said, "There are fewer people crossing that border than in the last 30 years" while discussing border security. While there’s no definite way to count all immigrants who try to cross U.S. borders, many immigration scholars use border patrol apprehension data as the basis for their assessments. Historically, Border Patrol data for apprehensions nationwide shows that apprehensions in fiscal year 2015 were the lowest since at least the early 1970s. There was one year with fewer apprehensions at the southwest border than 2015 -- the 2011 fiscal year, which had about 3,756 fewer stops than 2015. With that caveat, the point about the larger immigration trend is accurate. We rate Gutierrez’ statement .
Statement: Former President Barack Obama "removed 500,000 pedophiles from background check database.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 27, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed Obama removed 500,000 pedophiles from a background check database. This misrepresents an FBI directive that purged hundreds of thousands of names from the National Instant Criminal Background Check System because the Justice Department’s Office of Legal Counsel adopted a new definition of "fugitives from justice." The directive was issued after Trump became president.  The Washington Post reported that there were 500,000 fugitives identified in the database before the February 2017 directive and the number decreased to 788 by November of that year. However, the fugitives’ criminal background was not specified, so we found no  the fugitives were composed only of pedophiles. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Rep. Steve Stockman "basically wants gun-filled zones in schools.
Speaker: howard fineman
About the speaker: Howard Fineman is the editorial director of the Huffington Post Media Group and a political analyst who appears on MSNBC.
Date: December 10, 2013
Topics: elections;punditfact;guns
Context: comments on MSNBC's "All In with Chris Hayes"
Fact-check justification: Fineman said that Stockman "basically wants gun-filled schools." Stockman did introduce a bill that would make it easier for states to allow school personnel to carry firearms. The bill’s stated purpose was to allow those people to defend themselves and their students from an armed intruder. Our experts agreed that Stockman’s goal was to see more firearms inside schools. We did not hear from Stockman’s office so there is no way to know if he envisioned an upper limit to that increase. Based on his bill itself, there would be none. We rate the  .
Statement: Anne Heche was murdered by the illuminati because she was working on a movie about Jeffrey Epstein.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 14, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: "  "Richie repeatedly violates Grace, forces her to consume drugs and alcohol, and starves her — all to break her down so that she becomes compliant and can be sold into human trafficking," the description says. "Refusing to give up on her daughter even when her husband and local police believe Grace has returned to a life of using, Janie starts an all-out hunt to find Grace." The movie is not about Epstein, the financier who was accused of sex trafficking and assaulting dozens of girls. He died in jail in 2019 before he could face those criminal charges in court.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says that in 1770 "British parliament banned lipstick, saying it had the power to seduce men into marriage, which was classified as witchcraft.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: October 23, 2019
Topics: fake news;history;women;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  That entry says: "An Act against the Vice of Painting, and wearing black Patches, and immodest Dresses of Women, be read on Friday Morning next." But officials with the United Kingdom’s National Archives told PolitiFact in an email that the bill never had a full reading, as far as they could see, and because of that "it was likely introduced at the behest of a Puritan MP (member of parliament) but the Council of State chose not to pursue it." While 1770s society may have considered painted lips and makeup in general to be unladylike witchcraft, a law banning it never succeeded. Feminine trickery marches on. !
Statement: Here are the facts: there is no massive wave of migrants pouring into California. Overall immigrant apprehensions on the border last year were as low as they've been in nearly 50 years (and 85 percent of the apprehensions occurred outside of California).
Speaker: jerry brown
About the speaker: Jerry Brown is the governor of California. A Democrat, he earlier served as governor of California from 1975 to 1983.
Date: April 11, 2018
Location: california
Topics: immigration;criminal justice;homeland security;crime
Context: a letter to the Trump administration
Fact-check justification: Gov. Jerry Brown claimed in a recent letter to the Trump administration: "there is no massive wave of migrants pouring into California. Overall immigrant apprehensions on the border last year were as low as they’ve been in nearly 50 years (and 85 percent of the apprehensions occurred outside of California)." U.S. Border Patrol data show Brown got his arrest figures right. Researchers point out that illegal border crossings account for only one portion of the migrants that arrive in California. Others come to the state legally on visas which they later overstay. But given the context of Brown’s letter, it’s clear the governor was referring to the lack of a wave of migrants coming illegally across the Southern border. That part of the  is also backed up by the border patrol data and two immigration experts. We rate Brown’s  .   – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for  more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The World Health Assembly was canceled "after the Geneva airport was coincidentally blown up.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 22, 2022
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: "  The Geneva airport did not blow up. A fire broke out at a building under construction outside the perimeter of the airport. The only effect on the airport was that flights were temporarily disrupted because of heavy smoke. The fire did not disrupt the World Health Assembly, which opened as scheduled on May 22 in Geneva. We rate this  .
Statement: When I came into office, the prior administration had contracted for not nearly enough vaccine to cover adults in America.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: March 2, 2021
Topics: health check;coronavirus
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Biden said the Trump administration "had contracted for not nearly enough vaccine to cover adults in America." While Trump was still in office, his administration had agreements in place to buy 400 million doses of authorized vaccine, or enough to inoculate about 200 million people. That’s less than the U.S. adult population.  However, KHN/Politifact reviewed the Trump administration's Operation Warp Speed contracts, and found that those included enough vaccine doses that, once cleared for use by the FDA, could inoculate about 550 million people — more than double the U.S. adult population.  Biden’s statement contains an element of , but ignores facts that would give a different impression.  We rate this  .
Statement: Says some Austin school district classrooms lack electrical outlets.
Speaker: ramey ko
About the speaker: Ramey Ko is an Austin attorney.
Date: July 25, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: education;technology
Context: an Austin meeting
Fact-check justification: Ko said some Austin classrooms lack electrical outlets. We see no basis for this statement, which shakes out as horse-and-buggy . !
Statement: One of the most recent polls said 75 percent of the American people have said either don't do anything or start over (on health care reform).
Speaker: jon kyl
About the speaker: Jon Kyl represented Arizona in the U.S. Senate from January 3,1995 to January 3, 2013. He served as the Republican party whip from 2007 to 2013. Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey appointed Kyl to succeed Sen. John McCain, who died while in office Aug. 25, 2018.
Date: February 20, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: For our rating, Kyl was careful in how he phrased his statement. He said, "One of the most recent polls said 75 percent of the American people have said either don't do anything or start over." We found a recent poll that put those two categories at 69 percent. That's a little short, but pretty close. We rate his statement .
Statement: Says Susana Mendoza is a supporter of the death penalty who could administer it herself and "'...sleep like a baby at night…'
Speaker: toni preckwinkle
About the speaker: Preckwinkle is the Cook County Board President and also leads the Cook County Democratic Party. She is currently running for mayor of Chicago.
Date: January 29, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: death penalty
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: With highly selective editing, Preckwinkle’s ad uses video clips from a speech Mendoza gave on the Illinois House floor in 2011 in which she declares opposition to the death penalty to leave the impression that she actually remained an enthusiastic supporter of it. While it is  that a decade earlier Mendoza backed an expansion of the death penalty, the speech from which the clips are taken made an entirely different point. She had changed her mind and wanted to end capital punishment in Illinois because the state had sentenced too many people to death row that later had been found innocent. Indeed, Mendoza then voted for a measure that abolished the death penalty. None of that footage or context was used in the ad, which grossly misrepresents Mendoza’s position. We rate it !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here  for more  on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: The World Economic Forum "wants to slaughter millions of pet cats and dogs to fight climate change.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 28, 2023
Topics: animals;climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The  World Economic Forum is an international organization that holds an annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland, to discuss global commerce and political concerns and attracts  the world’s top government and business officials. The forum is often a target of conspiracy theorists. The  that the World Economic Forum called for euthanizing millions of pets to fight climate change is  and  — we rate it ! RELATED : No, the World Economic Forum isn’t advocating for AI to rewrite the Bible RELATED : Despite video’s claims, neither World Economic Forum nor UN ordered governments to ration water RELATED : Fact-checks about animals
Statement: Images of Plymouth Rock prove sea levels are not rising.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 12, 2022
Topics: environment;climate change;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: There’s no proof that Plymouth Rock was at sea level when it might have welcomed the Pilgrims in 1620. The rock has also moved several times in the past 400 years and is sometimes submerged during high tides and extreme weather. Experts said that Plymouth Rock is not useful for evaluating sea level changes. That sea levels are rising, however, is undisputed.  We rate this  . RELATED:  What does extreme weather tell us about climate change? RELATED:  Fact-checks about climate change
Statement: Three naked women in photo are campaigning for the Democrats.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 3, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: While there is a campaign featuring nude women supporting historically liberal causes, the Facebook claimed that the three women in the photograph were Democrats campaigning. They were activists protesting in Mexico City, and it wasn’t a get-out-the-vote campaign. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton and millennials have the same positions on climate change, abortion rights, immigration reform, gay rights and college affordability. "Donald Trump doesn't.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: September 18, 2016
Location: national
Topics: abortion;immigration;climate change;education;lgbtq
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press."
Fact-check justification: Kaine said Hillary Clinton and millennials believe in climate change, abortion rights, immigration reform, gay rights and college affordability but "Donald Trump doesn't." Reputable polls back Kaine’s , though the VP nominee is overstating the extent of Trump’s opposition to gay rights and college affordability. Millennials agree decisively with Clinton’s position on immigration, gay rights and college affordability, and by narrow margins on climate change and abortion rights. We rate Kaine’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/cb26be5e-6bc8-40b9-8ea0-d1b04acf2a8a
Statement: Photo shows the place where "the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean face each other without mixing.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 23, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: Facebook
Fact-check justification: It claimed that the different densities and chemical compositions of each ocean causes the difference in color. Dierssen explained that ocean properties, including color, are highly dependent on latitude and the ocean gyres in ocean basins. "The Atlantic has higher salinity than the Pacific, but the temperature and color (related to chlorophyll properties) are more related to nutrients and upwelling and downwelling related to the ocean gyres," she said.   The photo is real, but the caption about it showing two oceans is . For that reason, we rate this  .
Statement: The GOP platform that seeks further limits on abortion and is silent on an exception for rape "has been there for more than 30 years.
Speaker: bob mcdonnell
About the speaker: Bob McDonnell is the Republican governor of Virginia until January 2014. McDonnell was elected over Democratic state Sen. Creigh Deeds.
McDonnell previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1992 to 2006 and as state Attorney General from 2006 to 2009.
McDonnell graduated from the University of Nortre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind., with a bachelor's degree in 1976. He then served in the U.S. Army on active duty from 1976 to 1981 and in the reserves until 1997, retiring as a lieutenant colenel. He received a master's degree in business adminsitration from Boston University in 1980 and a master's and law degree from Regent University, Virginia Beach, in 1989.
Date: August 26, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: McDonnell said the GOP’s platform that supports an anti-abortion amendment to the constitution is silent on whether there should be exceptions for rape or other circumstances "has been there for more than 30 years." The facts back him up. We rate his statement .
Statement: Brain aneurysms are a "serious and common COVID-19 mRNA vaccine injury in young people.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: April 23, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The CDC does not list brain aneurysms as a common side effect after COVID-19 vaccination in any age group.   We found a March 2022 study that reported the cases of three women in Japan who had an intracranial aneurysm rupture within three days of getting an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. But the study did not conclude that vaccines were the cause and the authors said the advantages of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh any risks. The text in this Instagram post appears to have come from an April 21 Substack article by William Makis, a Canadian physician who has spread misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines .    We rate this  .
Statement: Of course you've got a low unemployment rate when people've got to work two and three jobs just to make ends meet.
Speaker: andrew gillum
About the speaker: Andrew Gillum won the Florida primary for governor in August 2018 and lost the November election to Ron DeSantis. He is a former mayor of Tallahassee and member of the Tallahassee city commission.
Date: September 30, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: economy
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Gillum said that unemployment was low because people were working multiple jobs. Unemployment rates are not influenced by how many jobs someone holds, and not many people hold more than one job. We rate this  .
Statement: Says Herman Cain died of cancer, not COVID-19.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 30, 2020
Topics: corrections and updates;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: How he contracted the virus is unknown, but Calabrese confirmed to the Washington Post that Cain’s cause of death was COVID-19. Cain, who was 74,  was a cancer survivor, which Calabrese noted in his post on HermanCain.com.   "Although he was basically pretty healthy in recent years," the post says, Cain"was still in a high-risk group because of his history with cancer." In 2006, he was diagnosed with Stage 4 colon cancer that spread to his liver, but he recovered .   We rate these posts .
Statement: My two appointments to the Florida Supreme Court, Raul Cantero and Kenneth Bell, have earned reputations as its most consistent conservatives.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: January 24, 2016
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: a post on Medium
Fact-check justification: Bush said, "My two appointments to the Florida Supreme Court, Raul Cantero and Kenneth Bell, have earned reputations as its most consistent conservatives." Bell and Cantero were certainly the most conservative members of the court when they were serving on it. However, Bush could have phrased his statement more carefully, to avoid suggesting that they are still on the court. Also, Cantero did sometimes break ranks with the traditionally conservative position, such as on the death penalty. The statement is accurate but needs additional information, so we rate it .
Statement: U.S. Sen. Lindsey Graham says South Carolina "has a labor shortage and wants more immigration.
Speaker: dustin inman society
About the speaker: The Dustin Inman Society is an anti-amnesty group headed by immigration activist D.A. King. Group named for the teenager killed in 2000 in a traffic accident by an illegal immigrant.
Date: April 15, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration;jobs
Context: a billboard advertisement
Fact-check justification: To sum up, a Georgia anti-amnesty group, the Dustin Inman Society, criticized Graham for his comments that the Palmetto State has a labor shortage. As part of his argument for comprehensive immigration reform and guest worker programs, Graham made claims there is a labor shortage in some areas, and in at least two instances the Republican senator specifically mentioned the meatpacking industry as an area needing workers. The  about Graham’s statement contains an element of , but it ignores the senator’s focus on the meatpacking industry. The society goes on to say that Graham’s state welcomes undocumented immigrants, but the guest worker program he supports would create a legal means for immigrants to work. We rate the society’s claims .
Statement: Says 57 percent of federal spending goes to the military and just 1 percent goes to food and agriculture, including food stamps.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 13, 2015
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;military;poverty
Context: a meme on social media
Fact-check justification: A social-media meme says that 57 percent of federal spending goes to the military and just 1 percent goes to food and agriculture, including food stamps. To get numbers that approximate this, the pie chart cherry-picks just discretionary spending. But that means the pie chart represents only about one-third of federal spending. Once you include the 60 percent of the budget that is mandatory spending, the military share plunges from 57 percent to 16 percent, and the categories that include Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid collectively account for a majority of federal spending. Spending on food and agriculture is still small, but it does quadruple from 1 percent to 4 percent. Due to its skewed methodology, the pie chart offers a deeply distorted picture of federal spending. We rate the  .