chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says John Bolton supported the Iraq War and said last year that "I still think the decision to overthrow Saddam was correct.
Speaker: rand paul
About the speaker: Rand Paul, a U.S. senator from Kentucky elected in 2010. He ran for president in 2016 before dropping out to seek re-election to the Senate. Paul is a medical doctor and an ophthalmologist. His father is Ron Paul, a 2008 presidential candidate and a former member of Congress from Texas. 
Date: November 15, 2016
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;military;terrorism
Context: a column on rare.us
Fact-check justification: Paul said Bolton was a supporter of the Iraq War who said last year, "I still think the decision to overthrow Saddam was correct." Bolton did indeed say that to a reporter for the Washington Examiner, and he also made a similar comment published in the Washington Post on the same day. We were not able to find any published comments in which Bolton offered a substantially different opinion. So we rate Paul’s statement .
Statement: Under Rahm Emanuel, "We've got tree trimmers making six figures.
Speaker: ja'mal green
About the speaker: Ja'Mal Green is a Chicago activist and mayoral hopeful.
Date: April 24, 2018
Location: illinois
Topics: city budget
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Green claimed that, under Emanuel’s leadership, "We’ve got tree trimmers making six figures." Both the source his campaign provided and the city data on which it was based indicate that a handful of tree trimmers employed by the city’s Streets and Sanitation department did make six figures after accounting for overtime pay in 2016, the last year for which all relevant data was available. Still, Green overstepped in ignoring the contract revisions Emanuel’s administration negotiated to gain flexibility in work assignments and reduce base salary for newly hired workers. The designated tree trimmers on the city payroll were all hired before Emanuel took office and get paid under contract terms agreed to years before he became mayor. That said, overtime costs for tree trimmers have soared under Emanuel, and that is why the total compensation for some city tree trimmers has hit the six-figures. Green gets most, but not all of his  about tree-trimmer pay right, which is why we rate it .
Statement: Every day, oil continues to pour into the Gulf of Mexico. ... Even with disaster on our coast..., Richard Burr voted to let big oil off the hook.
Speaker: americans united for change
About the speaker: A liberal advocacy group, Americans United For Change states on its Web site that it was founded in 2005 to fend off President Bush's plan to privatize Social Security. In 2006, the organization "broadened its scope to build broad public and congressional support for action on a wide range of long-stalled policy issues."
Date: June 11, 2010
Location: national
Topics: environment;climate change;energy;message machine 2010;oil spill
Context: a TV commercial
Fact-check justification: ... We’re talking about a pattern of behavior here." We agree it's fair game for Americans United for Change to link campaign contributions from the oil industry to votes that support industry positions, and it's within acceptable political discourse for the group to say that Burr and his fellow Republican senators "voted to let big oil off the hook" by their vote on the Murkowski resolution. But we think the ad overplays its hand on the oil spill to such a degree that it risks  viewers about the nature of the vote being criticized. We rate the ad .
Statement: Congressman Robert Hurt has a plan to cut education by 40 percent.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: January 31, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: education;federal budget;state budget
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: While there is no question Hurt and the group want to quickly implement serious spending reductions, the 40 percent figure actually refers to a reduction of hypothetical spending in 2021 to 2006 levels, not an immediate 40 percent cut. Furthermore, only eight percent of Virginia’s public education funds come from Washington. So even if all federal money suddenly vanished, the state would not see anywhere near a 40 percent reduction in education spending as the DCCC claims. The radio attack ad  overstates the possible impacts of federal spending cuts on Virginia’s education budget. Because of this major exaggeration we rate the  .
Statement: Says Beto O'Rourke had a "resolution to legalize all narcotics--including heroin and other deadly opioids.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: May 1, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: drugs
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Cruz said O’Rourke had a resolution to legalize all narcotics. In 2009, an El Paso City Council resolution directed at the federal government included language from O’Rourke urging open debate about ending the national prohibition of narcotics. The resolution, adopted but later vetoed, did not call for legalizing all narcotics nor did we spot  that O’Rourke has taken that sweeping stand. We rate Cruz’s  .  – The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says Ken Cuccinelli supported a law that could allow people to carry missile launchers into airports.
Speaker: terry mcauliffe
About the speaker: Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat, was elected governor of Virginia on Nov. 5, 2013. He received 47.8 percent of the vote in defeating Republican Ken Cuccinelli, who came in at 45.2 percent. Robert Sarvis, a Libertarian, finished a distant third with 6.5 percent.
McAuliffe's inaguration as Virginia's 72nd governor is scheduled on Jan. 11, 2014.
McAuliffe, a wealthy businessman and noted political fundraiser, was co-chairman of President Bill Clinton's 1996 reelection campaign. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2005 and chairman of Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, McAuliffe unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Virginia governor.
McAuliffe was born in Syracuse, N.Y., on Feb. 9, 1957. He has a bachelor's degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. McAuliffe has lived in Fairfax County for more than 20 years, is married and has five children.
 
Date: August 23, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: homeland security;guns
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: McAuliffe, in a tweet bearing a picture of a loaded missile launcher, says "Cuccinelli voted against making it a misdemeanor to carry a missile into an airport." In 2004, Cuccinelli was one of 16 people in the 40-member state Senate that voted against a bill barring people from entering an airport terminal carrying a "gun or other weapon designed or intended to propel a missile or projectile of any kind." It can be argued that the description does  encompass missile launchers, but that’s an interpretation that doesn’t weigh the debate at the time the bill was considered. A 2004 news article said Senate opponents were concerned that the bill undercut the rights of some gun owners. The article made no mention of missile launchers. McAuliffe’s tweet focuses on the term "missile" and suggests that the bill’s purpose was to ban warheads from airports. But the term "missile" is undefined in state law and could mean bullets, rocks, or even a cup of soda if it’s thrown maliciously. So there’s a trace of  to a deeply distorted and inflamed statement by McAuliffe. We rate his  .
Statement: Mike Huckabee "supported taxpayer-funded scholarships for illegal aliens.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: December 10, 2007
Location: national
Topics: immigration
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: (Huckabee also claimed the rules regarding this proposal were stricter than they actually were; we checked that  here . We also checked previous claims from Romney on similar issues here and here .) Even though Huckabee supported the measure in 2005, it never made it out of the Arkansas legislature, so it never became a law in Arkansas. Romney is right in his assertion, but he glosses over a few important caveats to get there. For that reason, we rate this  .
Statement: Joe Diffie's death was labeled "as a COVID-19 death and it wasn't!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 13, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: STOP STARTING  NEWS. I’ve seen multiple posts and it’s upsetting to all of us." In addition, we’ve looked into claims that hospitals get paid more for patients who are suffering from COVID-19. While it’s standard for Medicare to pay hospitals more for patients who go on ventilators — and Medicare is paying an additional 20% for the treatment of COVID-19 victims as part of a federal stimulus deal —  indicates that COVID-19 cases are being undercounted, not inflated so that hospitals can cash in.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Says four-year terms for City Council members are "the norm in most cities of our size.
Speaker: lee leffingwell
About the speaker: Lee Leffingwell, initially elected mayor in 2009, is a former Austin City Council member and retired airline pilot. Leffingwell, a past chair of the city's Environmental Board, grew up in Austin's Bouldin neighborhood, according to the biography posted on the city's web site.
Date: February 25, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: city government
Context: State of the City address
Fact-check justification: Among them, Boston, Charlotte and Fort Worth have two-year terms, and the other seven cities have four-year terms, according to our checks of city websites and interviews of respective city officials. Twist: Leffingwell’s fact sheet shows Boston’s council members with four-year terms, but Ann Braga, the Boston council’s staff director, told us that’s  only for the mayor. So, 70 percent of cities close in population to Austin are represented by council members elected to four-year terms. We rate the statement .
Statement: Congressman Nye voted against a bill which would have defunded the $5-10 billion" the IRS needed to implement  health care legislation.
Speaker: scott rigell
About the speaker: Scott Rigell, R-2nd, is a member of the U.S. House of Representatives. The Second District includes Virginia Beach, the Eastern Shore and parts of Norfolk and Hampton. Rigell, who joined Congress in 2011, serves on the Armed Services and Budget committees.
Rigell was raised in Titusville, Fla. Rigell, who owns two new car dealerships, served for six years in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve. He has an associates degree from Brevard Community College, now Eastern Florida State College, a bachelor's degree from Georgia's Mercer University, and a master's degree from Regent University, Virginia Beach.
 
Date: September 8, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: health care
Context: a statment on his website
Fact-check justification: That said, there’s a tiny fraction of  in the suggestion that Nye’s vote closed the the door on a bill that might have eliminated funding for a portion of health care reform.    But, Nye didn’t vote "against" anything. He voted for House consideration to proceed on the Disclose Act. It is far-fetched to make such a sweeping conclusion based on a procedural vote. For that reason, we find the  to be .
Statement: A bill to cap carbon emissions "could cost Ohio 100,000 jobs.
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: July 6, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: cap and trade;climate change;economy;energy
Context: a television campaign ad
Fact-check justification: And remember, that was the worst case scenario from two groups that tend to support big business’ side of the issue. That’s why we find Portman’s  to be . Comment on this item .    Editor's note: This statement was rated  when it was published. On July 27, 2011, we changed the name for the rating to .
Statement: More Texans have new jobs today than the entire population of Fort Worth.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: October 13, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: The U.S. Census Bureau's most recent estimate — for July 1, 2009 — is 727,577. We asked Ed Friedman, a director at Moody's Analytics who covers the Texas economy, about the validity of Perry's comparison of statewide job gains over time with Fort Worth's population in 2010. He called the comparison a reasonable way for Perry "to give you an idea of the size of the gain." Either way, the Fort Worth comparison stands up because no matter which final month is chosen, the number of Texas jobs has gone up more than the population of Fort Worth. We rate Perry's statement as .
Statement: Photo shows Facebook's "community standards team.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 23, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: According to that post, Facebook relies on a combination of artificial intelligence and reports from people to identify posts, pictures and other content that likely violate the platform’s community standards. Those reports are then reviewed by Facebook’s community operations team.   You can see some of the people who work on Facebook’s community standards in this April 2019 video . They don’t appear to be the same people in the photo.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says state Sen. Sheila Harsdorf wants to "eliminate Medicare" as we know it.
Speaker: shelly moore
About the speaker: Shelly Moore, as a high school teacher in Ellsworth and local teacher union president, ran for the Wisconsin Senate as a Democrat in 2011 when incumbent Sen. Sheila Harsdorf, R-River Falls, was recalled following her vote in favor of Gov. Scott Walker’s controversial budget-repair bill. Harsdorf defeated Moore.
Date: July 8, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: medicare;retirement
Context: a campaign flier
Fact-check justification: We could find no backup at all in our own search of Harsdorf’s position, and she said simply she’s focused on state issues. Indeed, the campaign literature highlights a woman who wouldn’t be affected -- and who herself disputes that she "can’t afford" for Medicare to end. It is incumbent on the person making a factual  to be able to support it. The flier’s claims are , barring new information, and the  nature of the presentation pushes this into  territory. That’s a .
Statement: Says illegal immigration is "costing us $130 billion a year to house and feed and give benefits to people that shouldn't be even in the country.
Speaker: don blankenship
About the speaker: Don Blankenship is a candidate for U.S. senator from West Virginia and the former CEO of Massey Energy. He spent a year in jail for his conviction on conspiring to avoid mine safety regulations, an act that led to the deaths of 29 miners in a 2010 mine explosion.
Date: April 23, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;economy
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Blankenship said, "We have to stop illegal immigration, costing us $130 billion a year to house and feed and give benefits to people that shouldn’t be even in the country." Immigrants in the country illegally generate costs for taxpayers, but it’s difficult to determine a precise figure largely because there isn’t reliable data. Blankenship’s  is based on a 2017 FAIR report estimating illegal immigration cost about $135 billion a year. Experts picked apart many aspects of the report’s methodology. But relevant to Blankenship’s statement, the group’s estimate did not factor in housing costs. For all welfare costs brought on by illegal immigration, FAIR calculated about $5.8 billion a year at the federal level and $2.9 billion a year at the state level (including school meals and child care programs). Blankenship’s statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says Sherrod Brown voted "for the $1.17 trillion health care law that adds a new tax on Ohio manufacturers.
Speaker: crossroads gps
About the speaker: Crossroads GPS is a conservative advocacy group founded by prominent Republicans, including former White House political adviser Karl Rove.
Date: August 15, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: health care;taxes
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: Dissenters say it could cost jobs and force business overseas. But portraying it broadly as "a new tax on Ohio manufacturers" over bills the scope of the tax. In Ohio, Crossroads said, about 20,000 workers are employed by makers of medical devices and equipment. Those jobs amout to about 3 percent of the more than 660,000 workers in Ohio that the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics says are employed in manufacturing. On the -O-Meter, the  rates .
Statement: Says a photo shows a pack of wolves walking in a single line in the snow being led by the sick.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 19, 2019
Topics: animals;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Such a designation emphasizes not the animal’s dominant status, which is trivial information, but its role as pack progenitor, which is critical information." The photograph in the post is real and unaltered, but its caption is . The pack is not being led by the older, sick wolves and the "alpha" or leader wolf is not bringing up the rear. In reality, a strong wolf leads the pack single-file in order to save energy to get through the deep snow.   This post is .
Statement: No openly gay man has ever been elected to the Georgia Legislature.
Speaker: georgia voice
About the speaker: The Georgia Voice is a bi-weekly newspaper in Atlanta that covers LGBT news in Georgia.
Date: September 17, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: elections;lgbtq;states
Context: a news story
Fact-check justification: A newspaper focused LGBT news recently said that no gay man has ever been elected to the Georgia Legislature. Newspaper archives and a statewide advocacy group that follows the issue back up the . Voters have sent three lesbians to serve under the Gold Dome. And one man came out during his stint in office but lost his next election. We rate the  .
Statement: When a bill is sent to the governor's office, there is no option for changing it. You sign it or you don't sign it. While there was lots of conversation, there was really no opportunity for any sort of amending.
Speaker: patty judge
About the speaker: Patty Judge is a former Iowa lieutenant governor and secretary of agriculture running for the U.S. Senate in 2016. 
Date: June 1, 2016
Location: iowa
Topics: labor
Context: a post-debate interview
Fact-check justification: Judge said there’s no option for changing or amending a bill after it’s "sent to the governor’s office." That’s , but it overlooks the month-long period in which this particular collective bargaining legislation was held under a motion to reconsider after it was passed by lawmakers. If legislators, the governor’s office and other interested parties had found a new consensus on the bill’s language sometime within that March 24 to April 25 window, the bill could have been reconsidered by the Senate, amended, returned to the House and ultimately passed in the altered form. For this reason we rate Judge’s assertions that there was "no option for changing" the bill and "no opportunity for any sort of amending" .
Statement: A "real result" of his term is Georgia having "the lowest taxes per capita of any state.
Speaker: nathan deal
About the speaker: Nathan Deal is running for Georgia governor in 2010.
Date: March 5, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: taxes
Context: campaign flyer
Fact-check justification: But it also had low taxes under his predecessor. Under the latest ranking, Georgia is still near the bottom, but it will move up a notch to 49th-lowest. Deal’s campaign has a point. But a lot of context is needed to fully understand the . We rate the statement .   -
Statement: Some patients who are on transplant lists for kidney or other organs are being dropped from the list simply because they are shown as a licensed card holder" for medical marijuana.
Speaker: gary farmer
About the speaker: Gary Farmer, a lawyer, was elected to the Florida state senate in 2016 and re-elected in 2018. He represents eastern Broward County. He lives in Lighthouse Point.
Date: March 7, 2019
Location: florida
Topics: marijuana
Context: a Florida Senate meeting
Fact-check justification: Farmer said, "Some patients who are on transplant lists for kidney or other organs are being dropped from the list simply because they are shown as a licensed card holder" for medical marijuana. We found a scarcity of national information to show how often someone is kept off a transplant list as a result of marijuana use. But what we did find — including anecdotal reports from several states and some survey data — indicates that some patients have been rejected from transplant lists because of their cardholder status, as Farmer said. It's important to know that every transplant center sets its own rules. We rate this statement .