chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Hundreds of thousands of (illegal immigrants are) going to state and federal penitentiaries.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 1, 2015
Location: national
Topics: immigration;crime
Context: an interview on Fox Business Network
Fact-check justification: Trump said "Hundreds of thousands of (illegal immigrants are) going to state and federal penitentiaries."   In 2013, there were fewer than 100,000 noncitizens -- legal and undocumented -- in federal and state prisons. If you add in local jails, it’s quite possible but uncertain that the total number of incarcerated illegal immigrants is above 100,000, though it’s also possible that many of these individuals are held for immigration violations as opposed to other crimes. We just don’t have solid data on this point. Without any good information to back it up, Trump’s  falls flat. We rate it .
Statement: Medicaid patients were 97 percent more likely to die than those with private insurance.
Speaker: richard corcoran
About the speaker: Richard Corcoran is Florida's appointed education commissioner. He was elected to the state House in 2010 and served as House Speaker 2016-2018.
Date: April 16, 2015
Location: florida
Topics: health care;medicaid;state budget
Context: an email to constituents
Fact-check justification: Corcoran said, "Medicaid patients were 97 percent more likely to die than those with private insurance." Corcoran was citing a 2010 University of Virginia study that looked at Medicaid patients who underwent surgery, not all people in the program. Experts we spoke to -- including one of the study’s authors -- said it’s a  statistic to cite. While it’s accurate to say Medicaid patients who undergo operations have higher odds of dying than those with private insurance, it’s because they are sicker and tend to wait until the last minute for care, not because the program is inadequate. Other studies show using Medicaid improves access and quality of life for many patients, or at the very least doesn’t hurt them. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Ron Johnson justifies his support of trade agreements by saying the U.S. has the Trade Adjustment Assistance program for displaced workers, but then he "voted to eliminate it.
Speaker: russ feingold
About the speaker: Russ Feingold served as a Democratic U.S. Senator representing Wisconsin from 1992 until 2010, when he was defeated for re-election. An attorney, he previously served 10 years in the Wisconsin Legislature. Following his Senate defeat, he founded Progressives United, which says it mission is to "stand up to the exploding corporate influence in our political system by organizing and amplifying the voices of those who believe that corporations have too much power." Feingold is running against U.S. Sen. Ron Johnson, the man who defeated him, in the 2016 election.
Date: May 9, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: trade
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Our rating Feingold said Johnson had referred to the Trade Adjustment Assistance program to defend his position on trade agreements — but had voted against the TAA. However, Johnson referred only generally to worker "protections," not to the TAA specifically. He did vote against reauthorizing the program in 2011 and also voted around the same time to pare down funding, which would have had the effect of cutting a career training program. Our definition for  is "The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression." That fits here.
Statement: Gov. Scott Walker's plan to freeze pay for state employees includes a 5.4 percent raise for himself.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 26, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Context: blog posts
Fact-check justification: Elected officials cannot increase their own pay. A quick look at the Blue Book or a phone call to the Legislative Reference Bureau would have told them that. So there’s no pay raise for Walker, or the lieutenant governor, state treasurer, secretary of state, and attorney general. Although the confusion is understandable because of a sloppy and confusing state compensation document (and an equally poor followup memo), it muddles things for residents. Here’s the clearest answer possible: The  is .
Statement: Trump just cut the scheduled federal pay raise, stating that he can't do it now because of 'serious economic conditions' in America.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 13, 2020
Topics: federal budget;income
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post says: "Trump just cut the scheduled federal pay raise, stating that he can’t do it now because of ‘serious economic conditions’ in America." Trump reduced to 1% from 2.5% across-the-board raises for civilian federal employees, citing his authority under a law that allows for such changes due to "national emergency or serious economic conditions affecting the general welfare." More specifically, Trump cited spending concerns in reducing the raise. For a statement that is accurate but needs additional information, our rating is .
Statement: Says Oprah Winfrey's house "has been seized and they are excavating the property and digging up the tunnels!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 16, 2020
Topics: fake news
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Just sanitizing and self distancing with the rest of the world. Stay safe everybody." Boca Raton Police also tweeted March 18: "The social media stories trending about @oprah being arrested by @bocapolice is absolutely ." Online posts claiming that Oprah has been arrested or that her alleged house in Boca Raton was seized and authorities are digging up tunnels are not . We rate this  !
Statement: There's still (only) a handful of school districts" doing no in-person instruction.
Speaker: tony evers
About the speaker: Tony Evers, a Democrat, was elected Wisconsin governor in November 2018. His term begins in January 2019. Evers has served as the Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction, a non-partisan position, since 2009. He previously worked as a teacher and school district administrator.
Date: March 14, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;education;coronavirus
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: Evers said there were still a handful of districts learning  virtually. A USA TODAY Network-Wisconsin survey found only the state’s two largest school districts were keeping students  virtual, although even they have limited in-person options and are planning April returns. We rate his  .
Statement: The 9/11 Memorial in NYC was just defaced with graffiti.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 5, 2020
Topics: crime;terrorism;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But we found no news coverage of such vandalism at the 9/11 Memorial in New York City. And there remained no coverage when we looked at this again on June 24, 2020, as versions of the post were being reshared. This isn’t the first   about vandalism during protests that we’ve checked. For the record: The Lincoln Memorial wasn’t covered in graffiti , President Donald Trump’s star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame wasn’t destroyed , this Vietnam memorial wasn’t defaced by Black Lives Matters demonstrators , and these war memorials weren’t either .    We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: The Democrats in the Senate last year introduced a constitutional amendment to repeal the free speech protections of the First Amendment.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: December 5, 2015
Location: iowa
Topics: campaign finance;legal issues
Context: Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Fact-check justification: Our Ruling Cruz told his audience that Senate Democrats proposed a constitutional amendment that would "repeal" constitutionally guaranteed free speech rights. The proposal actually allows state and federal legislators to regulate fundraising and spending in elections. Campaign finance has been linked to free speech in recent jurisprudence, but a wide range of constitutional law scholars say the amendment would have a limited or nonexistent effect on speech rights. Several scholars said Cruz has a point, but he oversells it by using "repeal" with no caveats or qualifiers. The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it .
Statement: We are last in the nation in startups — 50th.
Speaker: dana wachs
About the speaker: Democratic state Rep. Dana Wachs, an Eau Claire lawyer, was elected to the Wisconsin Assembly in 2012.
Date: January 29, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;small business;states
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Wachs said Wisconsin is last in the nation in startups. The go-to national research on the subject shows Wisconsin is indeed last — and has been for the last three years. We rate Wachs’  .
Statement: While fighting a move to toughen penalties for workplace gender discrimination, state Sen. Glenn Grothman said "he didn't believe women belonged in the workplace" but belonged "at home, cooking and cleaning and having babies.
Speaker: christine sinicki
About the speaker: Christine Sinicki is a former Milwaukee School Board member who represents an Assembly District on the south side of Milwaukee.
Date: February 21, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: jobs;legal issues;women
Context: a legislative floor speech
Fact-check justification: Our conclusion In arguing against repeal of an anti-gender-bias bill, Sinicki summoned up her memory of comments by Grothman when the Legislature debated the original bill in 2007. She didn’t quote Grothman directly but claimed he said, in effect, that women had no business in the workplace and should be at home "cooking and cleaning and having babies." Grothman did speak up for families where the woman has chosen to stay home to raise children. But that’s a far cry from him saying the whole world should do that, and that women "belong" at home. We rate Sinicki’s statement .
Statement: Says Time magazine called him "one of America's best governors.
Speaker: mike huckabee
About the speaker: Mike Huckabee ran for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former governor of Arkansas; he also sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. He left hosting a self-titled television show on Fox News in January 2015.
Date: January 10, 2008
Location: national
Context: Michigan
Fact-check justification: (The others were Kenny Guinn of Nevada, Janet Napolitano of Arizona, Kathleen Sebelius of Kansas and Mark Warner of Virginia.) The article said Huckabee "approached his state's troubles with energy and innovation" and cited his accomplishments with children's health care and economic growth. It called him "a mature, consensus-building conservative who earns praise from fellow Evangelicals and, occasionally, liberal Democrats." Time isn't the only publication to honor him that month. Governing magazine (which is owned by the same parent company as PolitiFact) named him one of its "Public Officials of the Year."
Statement: In 2010, the non-partisan Government Accountability Office found that only 6.5 percent of the U.S.-Mexico border was under full control of the Border Patrol.
Speaker: lamar smith
About the speaker: Lamar Smith is a Republican congressman from a San Antonio-based district in Texas. He became chairman of the House Judiciary Committee in January 2011.
Date: September 21, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: immigration
Context: a flier mailed to constituents
Fact-check justification: Lamar Smith wrote, "In 2010, the non-partisan Government Accountability Office found that only 6.5 percent of the U.S.-Mexico border was under full control of the Border Patrol." That report showed 6.5 percent of border miles in fiscal 2010 were under the Border Patrol’s top level of security, meaning agents and equipment were constantly present and monitoring the border -- a level of enforcement usually reserved for high-traffic urban areas. But the rest of the border’s not a sieve. The same report said 44 percent of border miles were under what the agency considered acceptable levels of security. We rate this , lacking such clarification, as .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Herd immunity has been reached.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 4, 2020
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "So percent positive testing going down doesn’t mean anything." The Facebook post, he said, "is just a bunch of mumbo jumbo. "   Jaquelin Dudley, a professor of molecular biosciences at the University of Texas at Austin, said it’s possible there are areas where herd immunity has been established, "but there are still many unknowns, including lack of testing for asymptomatic individuals or missing the right point during infection for testing." At this point, though, we can’t accurately predict a timeline for when there will be herd immunity throughout the United States, she said.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Christine Blasey Ford and Brett Kavanaugh were actors wearing masks during Kavanaugh's U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearing.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 1, 2022
Topics: supreme court;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Blasey Ford and Kavanaugh have been photographed and appeared publicly before and after Blasey Ford’s allegations about Kavanaugh’s actions were made public.   High school yearbook photos of them are recognizable as the people who appeared on national television during the confirmation hearing that day.   Blasey Ford is a professor at Palo Alto University, where she works at the Pacific Graduate School of Psychology. And Kavanaugh, of course, sits on the highest court in the country and has considered legal cases since he was confirmed in 2018.   We rate this post !
Statement: Tom Ganley has "two F's from the Better Business Bureau" and "over 160 complaints in just three years.
Speaker: democratic congressional campaign committee
About the speaker: The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee is responsible for assisting Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.
Date: September 21, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: message machine 2010;negative campaigning
Context: an election ad
Fact-check justification: "Although offered as a 'convenience' to consumers, these agreements can often create problems if the consumer interprets them to mean the final terms of the car purchase will be as originally promised." Those agreements led to several of the lawsuits against Ganley dealerships, such as one filed by a couple who said they took a new car home after being told they were approved for zero percent financing. More than a month later, the couple said, they were told the rate was being moved to 9.44 percent. So let’s check the scorecard. We rate the ad  as .
Statement: We became a net exporter of natural gas in 2017, and until recently, our exports have exceeded our imports.
Speaker: carol miller
About the speaker: Carol Miller, a Republican, was elected to the U.S. House in 2018 to represent West Virginia's 3rd district.
Date: July 28, 2021
Location: west virginia
Topics: energy;trade
Context: RealClearEnergy
Fact-check justification: Miller said, "We became a net exporter of natural gas in 2017, and until recently, our exports have exceeded our imports." In 2017, U.S. exports of natural gas began to exceed U.S. natural gas imports, but exports of natural gas have remained larger than imports ever since, rather than reversing "recently." We rate the statement .
Statement: We spend half a trillion dollars a year in tax preparation.
Speaker: rick perry
About the speaker: Rick Perry is the U.S. Energy Secretary and was governor of Texas from late December 2000 through 2014. He was re-elected in 2002, 2006 and 2010. He unsucessfully ran for president in 2012 and 2016.
Date: October 28, 2011
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Manchester, N.H
Fact-check justification: Looking at the Tax Foundation report which Perry used -- as well as alternate analyses of the question -- it’s clear that $500 billion is a high estimate, at least as the numbers stand today. If you define this number narrowly -- to tax preparers and tax lawyers, the groups Perry named specifically -- Perry’s estimate is even further off base. Perry has a valid point to make -- that a whole lot of money is spent on tax preparation in the United States today. But he not only takes the highest estimate, he also uses a number projected into the future and makes it sound like that's what is being spent today. On balance, we rate Perry’s statement .
Statement: Says Marco Rubio opposes abortion "even in the case of rape and incest.
Speaker: jennifer granholm
About the speaker: Jennifer Granholm, a Democrat, is the Energy Secretary in the Biden administration. She served two terms as governor of Michigan, from 2003 to 2011.
Date: October 25, 2015
Topics: abortion;candidate biography;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Granholm said Rubio opposes abortion "even in the case of rape and incest." The record suggests Rubio has staked out a slightly more nuanced position. Rubio is staunchly anti-abortion and has suggested he personally opposes abortion in cases of rape and incest, but he has supported abortion legislation that include those exceptions. Rubio says he supports legislation that makes abortion more rare. Granholm’s statement is accurate but needs clarification. We rate it .
Statement: Mark Kelly voted against the Keystone pipeline, which caused higher gas prices.
Speaker: saving arizona pac
About the speaker: Saving Arizona PAC is a political action committee with at least $13.5 million in backing from billionaire Peter Thiel. It supports Republican candidate for U.S. Senate Blake Masters.
Date: September 8, 2022
Location: national
Topics: energy;gas prices;arizona
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: In a campaign ad, Saving Arizona said Kelly "voted against the Keystone pipeline, which caused higher gas prices." Biden stopped additional construction of the pipeline in early 2021, and that did not require congressional action.  Kelly later voted against two amendments and one motion that could have restarted construction. But two of those measures lacked the force of law. Even if construction had continued, the project was years from completion and its status had no connection to the rise or fall in gasoline prices. We rate this  . RELATED: No easy answers on reducing U.S. gas prices, despite political ads’ claims RELATED: Ask PolitiFact: Why are gas prices going up? RELATED: No  that Biden canceling an oil pipeline caused higher U.S. gas prices RELATED:   Green energy policies didn’t cause record prices at gasoline pumps
Statement: CBS stole a photo from Latinos for Trump in Phoenix and tagged it as a Biden event.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 17, 2020
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks;punditfact
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Fact-checkers at Snopes , FactCheck.org , the Dispatch and the Associated Press have debunked the  claims about the "CBS Evening News" broadcast. The Gateway Pundit did an about-face, changing its headline to "Trump’s cut into the Hispanic vote leaves Democrats panicked." We rate this Facebook post . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Says the word "Dhimmitude" is on page 107 of the health care law and means "Muslims are specifically exempted from the government mandate to purchase insurance.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: May 29, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care;religion
Context: a chain email
Fact-check justification: Members of Congress did not want the penalties for going without insurance to be too strict, so the law specifically states that people who fail to pay the penalty "shall not not be subject to any criminal prosecution or penalty" nor may government officials "file notice of lien with respect to any property" ( page 131). In fact, this email is  on just about everything: The word "dhimmitude" is not in the law. Muslims are not specifically exempted. And if anyone is exempted, it’s a small number of Christian groups. For promoting  notions and wild fabrication, we have three words: !
Statement: President Joe Biden signed an executive order "making health insurance free for qualifying Americans.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 9, 2023
Topics: health care;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But the order doesn’t make health insurance free for any Americans.   Known as the Strengthening Medicaid and Affordable Care Act, the executive order said the Biden administration’s policy is "to protect and strengthen Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and to make high-quality healthcare accessible and affordable for every American. "  The order directed executive departments and agencies with authorities and responsibilities related to Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act to "review existing regulations, orders, guidance documents, policies, and any other similar agency actions" to "determine whether such agency actions are inconsistent with this policy. "  It didn’t make health insurance free for qualifying Americans.   We rate that  .
Statement: Georgia is one of seven states to lose jobs in 2011 and has lost 8,200 jobs so far.
Speaker: eric gray
About the speaker: Eric Gray is the communications director for the Georgia Democratic Party.
Date: November 3, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: jobs
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: It may seem premature to say Deal has not done enough to create more jobs in nine months. The claims that Gray made were correct on both points. But there is this caveat:  Many of the job losses were in government and not the private sector. Gray’s statement is accurate but needs more context. We rate it .