chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says adding toll lanes on I-95 in Broward County improved rush-hour traffic for non-toll lanes from 25 mph to 45 mph.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: October 10, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: transportation
Context: a radio show interview
Fact-check justification: A program overview for 95 Express shows Gov. Scott was about right when he said speeds for rush-hour traffic in non-toll lanes had improved from 25 mph to 45 mph. DOT's first study of the program shows traffic speeds during the peak periods were actually lower than 20 mph before the program. In 2010,  traffic speeds during peak periods increased by 35 mph for southbound general lanes and by 22.5 mph in northbound general lanes. Still, Scott misidentified the program's location. We rate his  .
Statement: Says Merrick Garland is investigating Donald Trump's "tax evasion case.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 29, 2020
Topics: crime;supreme court;taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The Supreme Court then kicked the case back to the appeals court for further review. It’s now being briefed again before the three-judge panel, Vladeck told us.   The panel does not include Garland, who stepped down as chief judge in February but continues to serve on the court.   "The only way he’d even be involved in this case at this juncture is if it goes before the en banc (full) court rather than the three-judge panel, which seems more than a little unlikely," Vladeck said in an email.   We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Julia Roberts claims 'Michelle Obama isn't fit to clean Melania's toilet'
Speaker: usa daily portal
About the speaker: USA Daily Portal posts fake news.
Date: December 14, 2017
Topics: corrections and updates;fake news;pop culture;punditfact
Context: a headline
Fact-check justification: A  news story stated that Roberts claimed "‘Michelle Obama isn’t fit to clean Melania’s toilet." We rate this headline . Correction : An earlier version of this fact-check stated that Roberts read one of Molly Ivins’ columns. Allison Engel, co-author of the play Red Hot Patriot: The Kick-Ass Wit of Molly Ivins , contacted PolitiFact after our fact-check published to tell us that the excerpt that Roberts read was from the play. Engel said she supplied the text to the producer of the fundraiser.
Statement: Oregon concealed gun applications include "home phone numbers, home address, Social Security numbers, what kinds of guns you have in the house … whether you were dishonorably discharged from the military, what controlled substances you are taking and  were you ever accused of -- accused, mind you -- of stalking.
Speaker: kim thatcher
About the speaker: Kim Thatcher is the state representative for House District 25, Marion County. She is owner of KT Contracting.
Date: March 17, 2011
Location: oregon
Topics: privacy issues;guns
Context: a House floor session
Fact-check justification: But that’s just no . On certain applications, you have to noted whether you are currently under a court order. That’s considerably different, in our view. Still, we’ll give her the benefit of the doubt that some of the necessary nuance was left out because her comments were spoken -- not written -- and rate this  . Comment on this item.
Statement: Says President John F. Kennedy said, "There are people in Washington, D.C., in positions of power to whom the border is just a nuisance, and I think some of them believe that illegal immigration is a moral good. It is not.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 21, 2021
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: As for John F. Kennedy, immigration was an important issue to him. His final book, published posthumously, was called " A Nation of Immigrants ." In it, he writes, "Everywhere immigrants have enriched and strengthened the fabric of American life." The Standing for Freedom Center has the  man. We rate the post .
Statement: 'Wrong precinct' rules exacerbate our provisional ballot problems (and) HB 194 does nothing to solve the wrong-precinct problem.
Speaker: kathleen clyde
About the speaker: Kathleen Clyde was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in November 2010. Her 68th District includes the majority of Portage County. She currently resides in Kent.
 
Date: February 8, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: elections
Context: an email
Fact-check justification: There were more than 14,000 such ballots in the 2008 election. We’re not rating whether HB 194 will worsen those problems. But that the legislation  "permits, instead of requires, an election official to direct a voter who is in the  precinct to the voter's correct precinct," shows it’s not an attempt to aggressively address the issue. The duty remains on the individual voter to ensure that a ballot is cast in the correct precinct. On the -O-Meter, Clyde's statement rates .
Statement: Photo shows "Russian soldiers with a Ukrainian girl, celebrating their human trophy.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 25, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram. ) That’s because the photo has been online for more than a decade and isn’t related to the current conflict in Ukraine.   Haaretz posted the image in August 2010 as part of a story about Israeli Defense Forces soldiers posting photos on Facebook that show them posing with bound Palestinian detainees. The caption of the image that appears in that story says: "IDF soldiers with a Palestinian detainee. "  We rate claims that this image shows Russian soldiers with a Ukrainian girl .
Statement: 324,000 pregnant people experience domestic violence during their pregnancy.
Speaker: gwen moore
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Gwen Moore is a Democratic member of Congress, representing Wisconsin's 4th District, which primarily includes Milwaukee. Moore, who served in the state Legislature from 1989 to 2004, was elected to Congress in 2004.
Date: August 3, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;health care;public health;women
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Moore said that 324,000 pregnant people experience domestic violence during their pregnancy.  That number is backed up by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology.  We rate her  .
Statement: Nancy Pelosi "almost burst out into laughter" at the Tsitsernakaberd Armenian Genocide Memorial Complex in Yerevan.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: September 18, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: In the video, she can be seen dabbing her nose and eyes, which appear wet with tears. She is not seen laughing.   In a statement Pelosi issued the day after visiting the memorial, she said that she and other members of the congressional delegation who joined her on the trip "prayed for the 1.5 million Armenian men, women and children murdered in the genocide. Congress is committed to ensuring that the  of the genocide is never erased." We rate claims that she was .
Statement: We haven't had control of the House for the last two years and it's been malfunctioning. We had 109 sessions scheduled and held 49.
Speaker: william g. batchelder
About the speaker: William G. Batchelder is speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives. He represents the 69th House District, which encompasses most of Medina County.
Date: October 18, 2010
Location: ohio
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: He mentioned passage of a two-year state budget and work on legislation to help create jobs. McCarthy can disagree with Batchelder’s attack on the House’s productivity under Budish’s leadership, but he can’t really quibble with the number of canceled sessions Batchelder claimed. He was off by one in his total of actual sessions, but that miscalculation was insignificant. We rate Batchelder's  as . Comment on this item.
Statement: The National Science Foundation awarded $700,000 to fund a climate change musical.
Speaker: lamar smith
About the speaker: Lamar Smith is a Republican congressman from a San Antonio-based district in Texas. He became chairman of the House Judiciary Committee in January 2011.
Date: March 26, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: climate change;federal budget;science
Context: a committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Smith said the science foundation awarded $700,000 for a climate change musical. The NSF awarded nearly that much for a theater company to produce a musical play that focuses on climate change and biodiversity conservation. We rate this statement as .
Statement: The average tax bill for Americans in 2016 was a 41 percent increase from 2013.
Speaker: lamar smith
About the speaker: Lamar Smith is a Republican congressman from a San Antonio-based district in Texas. He became chairman of the House Judiciary Committee in January 2011.
Date: September 18, 2017
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a letter to a constituent
Fact-check justification: Smith wrote that "the average tax bill for Americans in 2016 was a 41 percent increase from 2013." Smith has accurately cited the results of the federal Consumer Expenditure Survey, even though he’s glossed over the simultaneous increases in income and the fact that increases for richer taxpayers drove that increase. However, the survey’s leadership acknowledged to PolitiFact that, for technical reasons, the 2013-to-2016 comparison is undercut by methodological differences. An alternative measurement using different federal data showed that taxes, after adjusting for income increases over the same period, rose by 3 percent. That’s an increase, but a more modest one. So we rate the statement .
Statement: We got the highest vote count in the history of the Republican Party.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 5, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: candidate biography;elections;history;polls and public opinion
Context: Raleigh, N.C
Fact-check justification: That’s accurate. He received 13.3 million votes, beating George W. Bush’s record of 11.5 million votes. Yet what Trump failed to mention is that he also holds the record for the most votes cast against a primary candidate, and that he’s one of only a few Republican frontrunners in modern history to have been supported by less than half of the party’s primary voters. Because Trump’s  was accurate but missing that context, we rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/be10f613-3754-43fd-9d02-e89f00619253
Statement: Texas is one of the most gerrymandered states in the union.
Speaker: beto o'rourke
About the speaker: Beto O’Rourke is a former representative of Texas’s 16th Congressional District. He represented the district from 2013 until 2019, when he gave up his seat to run a senate campaign against incumbent Ted Cruz, which O’Rourke lost. He received a bachelor’s degree in English literature from Columbia University. In 2019, he ran for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: March 16, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: elections
Context: remarks on HBO's "Real Time with Bill Maher"
Fact-check justification: O’Rourke said, "Texas is one of the most gerrymandered states in the union." There are many ways to analyze this question, and depending on the method, the rankings vary a bit. But studies that look at the intersection of geographical compactness and partisan voting history consistently place Texas between fifth and seventh on the list of most gerrymandered states in the nation. Since O’Rourke called Texas "one of the most" gerrymandered states, such studies support his point. We rate his statement .
Statement: Obama says Iran is a 'tiny' country, 'doesn't pose a serious threat.'
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: August 27, 2008
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: You know, Iran, they spend one-one hundredth of what we spend on the military. If Iran ever tried to pose a serious threat to us, they wouldn't stand a chance. And we should use that position of strength that we have to be bold enough to go ahead and listen." We find the McCain ad, like the McCain speech before it, is grossly distorting Obama's remarks by suggesting that Obama was dismissing Iran as too small to be taken seriously as a threat. We find the  in the McCain ad, like the McCain speech before it, to be .
Statement: Ninety-two percent of abortions in Virginia take place before 15 weeks.
Speaker: bob good
About the speaker: Bob Good is the 2020 Republican nominee for Virginia's 5th Congressional District seat. A self-described biblical conservative, Good is a former associate athletic director at Liberty University, and served a term on the Campbell County's Board of Supervisors.
Good defeated incumbent Rep. Denver Riggleman at a convention in June 2020 to win the 5th District's GOP nominaion. He is opposed in the general election by Democrat Cameron Webb, a Charlottesville physician.
Webb graduated from Liberty in 1988 with a degree in finance.
Date: July 9, 2022
Location: virginia
Topics: abortion;health care
Context: an anti-abortion rally
Fact-check justification: He slightly understated his case. According to CDC, 97.5% of Virginia abortions in 2019 — the latest year for which data was available — occurred at 15 weeks or earlier. Good also said, "Ninety-nine percent of abortions take place in Virginia take place before 20 weeks." The actual figure is 99.4% and Good accurately rounded it down. All told, we rate Good’s comments .
Statement: Of the states that have a lieutenant governor, many are currently discussing the need for such an obsolete office.
Speaker: robert healey
About the speaker: Robert Healey is a lawyer and businessman who ran three times for governor and three times for lieutenant governor. During his 2014 run for governor, as a representative of the Moderate Party, he garnered 21 percent of the vote. He is founder of the Cool Moose party.
Date: October 18, 2010
Location: rhode island
Context: The Providence Journal
Fact-check justification: Louisiana State Rep. Cameron Henry, whose bills never moved out of committee, said in a phone interview that he plans to file a bill in the next session "to keep the lieutenant governor’s office, and merge the secretary of state’s job with it." When we presented Healey with our findings, he said, in his view, "When people are talking about it in editorials or newspapers, people are talking about the issue. That’s pretty much about the issue." In our view, his statement that many states are "currently discussing" the need for the office suggests substantially more than just people or columnists giving their opinions, or recent efforts that have failed. We rule his statement .
Statement: The Southern strategy is a "myth" that "never happened.
Speaker: candace owens
About the speaker: Candace Owens is a conservative commentator, author and host on the Daily Wire. She formerly worked as a spokeswoman for Turning Point USA. She started Blexit, an effort to get black voters to leave the Democratic Party. She previously co-founded the website Degree180.
Date: April 9, 2019
Topics: elections;history;race and ethnicity;punditfact
Context: a House Judiciary Committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Owens said the Southern strategy is a "myth" that "never happened." Efforts by the Republican Party starting in the 1960s to win over white Southern voters have been documented by scholars for decades. The strongest  that it happened comes from the Republicans who were part of that strategy. There are numerous instances of them talking about the approach in documents or interviews. We rate this statement .
Statement: CNN reports DemDebate had 2.3 million viewers. Trump rally had 6.7 million last night!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 15, 2020
Topics: debates;elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: As to the number of viewers the Trump rally received, we know that Fox Business, a cable channel that aired the rally in its entirety (as CNN did for the debate), pulled in 662,000 viewers at 8 p.m. and 476,000 viewers at 9 p.m. Combined, "Hannity" and "Tucker Carlson Tonight," two top shows on Fox News, aired less than 15 minutes of the hour-plus Trump rally. Each show had more than 3 million viewers that night, as they typically do. But it would be a stretch to conclude that the millions who watched the two shows equal millions who tuned in to solely watch Trump’s rally. The Facebook post makes a  with numbers that don’t add up. We rate it .
Statement: Airline CEO gets pied for forcing vaccinations
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: February 8, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: The footage is real but not recent — the incident happened in 2017 , before the COVID-19 pandemic. Joyce was speaking at a business breakfast at a hotel in Perth, in Western Australia, when Tony Overheu pied him in the face to protest Joyce’s advocacy for same-sex marriage, NBC News reported at the time. Qantas announced in August 2021 that it would require all employees to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Some Qantas employees are suing in an effort to stop the mandate, but so far their legal battle has been unsuccessful . We rate the  that Joyce was pied in the face for forcing COVID-19 vaccinations .
Statement: Former President Donald Trump recently dispatched troops to the border.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 22, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The July 23 post, meanwhile, has a video showing a montage of clips of migrants and members of the military set to dramatic music. These, too, appear to be old. One, for example, shows an October 2018 shot of the Guatemala-Mexico border where thousands of migrants were stopped . Trump is not the president and no longer has the authority to send U.S. troops to any border.   We rate claims that he recently did !
Statement: A precinct in the Allen West-Patrick Murphy recount has "7 registered voters in Guatemalan community and the tally showed 900 voted!!!!!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 20, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A Palm Beach Post article paraphrased West campaign manager Tim Edson saying that, "Preliminary totals showed 900 voters cast ballots in Precinct 93, where only seven voters are registered." The same  was picked up by people on Facebook. It's not . A machine that had the label of Precinct 93 was actually counting votes from another precinct. In the end, only six people voted in Precinct 93, which has seven total voters. We rate this  .
Statement: Aretha Franklin's 1968 song 'A Natural Woman' deemed 'offensive' by trans community.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 24, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  A Jan. 23 blog post on iHeartradio.ca said the account responded to the platform in a direct message and said "this is a parody account" and "never imagined anyone would take it seriously lol." Franklin’s performance of "(You Make Me Feel Like a) Natural Woman" was released as a single 1967 and quickly rose up the charts. Written by Carol King and Gerry Goffin, it became an undisputed hit song, appearing again on the U.K. charts after Franklin died in 2018. It has been covered by numerous performers.    We rate claims that transgender activists are trying to get Aretha Franklin’s song removed from music streaming sites .
Statement: Obama's wife said her goal in life was to put the black community "first and foremost.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: May 13, 2008
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: I hope they don't pull up my college thesis papers." The quote about Obama wanting to help the black community "first and foremost" is an actual quote from her senior thesis. But it's not given the proper context. And nowhere in her thesis does she say the black community should be elevated over the white community, as the person who wrote the e-mail claims. On these grounds, we rate the statement .
Statement: Says Florida has "roughly 1,500 resource officers dealing with about 3,800 schools.
Speaker: bill galvano
About the speaker:  Sen. Bill Galvano is a Republican politician who has served as a member of the Florida Senate since 2012. 
Date: February 26, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a committee meeting
Fact-check justification: Galvano said Florida has "roughly 1,500 resource officers dealing with about 3,800 schools." A Florida Department of Education report found that there were 1,517 resource and law enforcement officers that served a total of 2,432 schools in the 2015-16 school year. However, that report does not include every school resource officer in the state. Galvano arrived at his 3,800 figure by taking the overall number of schools and excluding a handful of non-traditional schools. But as the report states, those 1,500 officers served 2,400 schools.  Galvano’s larger point  — that many schools lack school resource officers — appears to be on point. But his numbers are off, so we rate this  .