chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: On the night of the Iowa caucuses, Obama "promised the nation that he would do health care reform focused on cost containment, he opposed an individual mandate, and he said he was going to do it with Republicans.
Speaker: tim pawlenty
About the speaker: Tim Pawlenty is the former governor of Minnesota, having served two terms in office from 2003-2011.
Date: May 5, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: South Carolina
Fact-check justification: The jury's still out on cost containment. However, we have been tracking a campaign promise of Obama's to "cut the cost of a typical family's health insurance premium by up to $2,500 a year." We've rated that promise Stalled, because  premiums are not projected to decrease  in the coming years. There's a bit of uncertainty there, however, as it will be several years before the health care law is fully implemented. Overall, we rate Pawlenty's statement .
Statement: George Holding has voted 13 times to deny Kevin, and the 300,000 people like him in the 2nd Congressional District, coverage" for their pre-existing conditions.
Speaker: linda coleman
About the speaker: Linda Coleman is a Democratic candidate for Congress, and former member of the North Carolina General Assembly.
Date: October 23, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: health care
Fact-check justification: Holding voted on two budget bills that promised protections in future health care reform, but they offered no replacement. When he did vote for a replacement, the AHCA, it would have allowed insurers to raise premiums for people based on their pre-existing conditions. We rate this  . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide.
Statement: Says that according to a report, "the tech sector now drives more than one-quarter of Austin's economy.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 9, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: Manor, Texas
Fact-check justification: Obama said a report says the "tech sector now drives more than one quarter of Austin’s economy." The cited report doesn't directly declare this, estimating instead that high-tech companies in the Austin region directly supplied about 9 percent of the area’s jobs in 2012 and accounted for roughly 21 percent of the region's economic output. Then again, the report also says jobs in the tech sector plus spin-off jobs amounted to more than a third of the region’s total jobs, which strikes us as sufficient to make Obama's  partly accurate. We rate it as .
Statement: U.S. Senate candidate Jack Kingston "requested more earmarks than any other GA Congressman and all GA GOP members combined.
Speaker: david perdue
About the speaker: David Perdue is running in the 2022 Republican primary for governor of Georgia. He was a U.S. Senator from January 2015 to January 2021. He has been the CEO of several businesses and is the cousin of former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue.
Date: June 23, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: federal budget
Context: In a Twitter post
Fact-check justification: It’s up to voters to decide whether that’s a good thing or a bad thing. There is one caveat to Perdue’s . It covers three years, and Kingston has been in office for two decades. It’s that bit of context that moves it down just a notch on the -O-Meter. We rate Perdue’s statement .
Statement: Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said, "I don't need truckers. I get my food from the grocery store.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 5, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "   This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) The headline appeared on Genesius Times, a site that calls itself "the most reliable source of  news on the planet. "  We looked for reports that Ocasio-Cortez has commented on the so-called "Freedom Convoy" of truck drivers protesting vaccine mandates in Canada but found none.   We rate claims that this quote is authentic !
Statement: Says Majority Leader Eric Cantor called for "abolishing Social Security and Medicare.
Speaker: americans united for change
About the speaker: A liberal advocacy group, Americans United For Change states on its Web site that it was founded in 2005 to fend off President Bush's plan to privatize Social Security. In 2006, the organization "broadened its scope to build broad public and congressional support for action on a wide range of long-stalled policy issues."
Date: March 31, 2011
Location: national
Topics: federal budget;medicare;social security
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: The fuller context of Cantor's statement at Hoover, together with statements he has made about Social Security and Medicare in other recent interviews, however, give no indication that he would like to abolish them. That fuller context suggests Cantor probably meant to say that Social Security and Medicare cannot exist as they are now. That's different. It was a linguistic misstep on a highly volatile issue, but the Democrats' reaction was a clear overreach. We rule the Americans United  .
Statement: We cut taxes 24 times.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: May 21, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: taxes
Context: a Wall Street Journal interview
Fact-check justification: Scott said, "We cut taxes 24 times." The  backs him up, to a point. Lawmakers and Scott have done several things to reduce the financial burden on groups of Floridians, but the benefits have been aimed  at business owners -- not average working people. If you don't own a business, you haven't seen most of these cuts. Using such a specific number is also troublesome. Backing up that specific  requires overlooking all sorts of caveats, including counting the same effort multiple times. Scott’s tax  is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: The Rhode Island Parole Board "never received an objection from the attorney general" to the parole of  convicted murder Alfred Brissette.
Speaker: dawson hodgson
About the speaker: Dawson Hodgson was a state senator from North Kingstown, R.I., representing District 35 in East Greenwich, South Kingstown and Narragansett. A lawyer and businessman, he was first elected to the Senate in November 2010. In 2014, he made an unsuccessful run for attorney general as a Republican.
Date: March 27, 2014
Location: rhode island
Topics: criminal justice;crime;public safety
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Dawson T. Hodgson said Attorney General Peter Kilmartin’s office didn’t oppose the parole request of convicted murderer Alfred Brissette. Kilmartin’s spokeswoman and the chairman of the parole board confirmed that was correct. We rule Hodgson’s statement  .
Statement: We have unemployment that rivals the Great Depression.
Speaker: reince priebus
About the speaker: Reince Priebus was the first chief of staff to President Donald Trump, replaced by John Kelly in July 2017. Priebus was previously chairman of the Republican National Committee, a post he assumed in 2011. He is also the former chairman of the Republican Party of Wisconsin. He was an unsuccessful Wisconsin state Senate candidate in 2004. He is a Kenosha, Wis., native and lawyer.
Date: June 12, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: However, he said it’s important to remember that the statistics we have suggest that the most recent recession has been the worst since the Great Depression. So where does this leave us? Today’s jobs picture is the worst it has been in decades, not just measured by unemployment rates but also by duration of unemployment . However, all of the available statistics -- imperfect though they may be -- suggest that today’s numbers aren’t anywhere near high enough to "rival" those that prevailed for more than a decade during the Great Depression. We rate Priebus’ statement .
Statement: David Perdue led efforts to ship thousands of jobs overseas.
Speaker: democratic party of georgia
About the speaker: Democratic Party of Georgia
 
Date: July 28, 2014
Location: georgia
Context: press release
Fact-check justification: The Democratic Party’s statement is partially accurate. Perdue did lead efforts that resulted in jobs being created overseas while jobs were cut in this country. How many jobs, it’s hard to say. And there is a lot of context needed to understand exactly why companies employed this strategy. Overall, we rate the  .
Statement: Says Time magazine cover features President Donald Trump with the text "Worst. President. Ever.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: December 20, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But he hasn’t been on a cover with the text "Worst. President. Ever." That’s a made-up  making the rounds on Facebook. We rate it !
Statement: Deepwater's own testimony . . . is they said they'll create six jobs.
Speaker: patrick lynch
About the speaker: Patrick Lynch served as Rhode Island's attorney general from 2003 to 2010. He was, for a time in 2010, a candidate for governor. He is a big fan of Spider-Man. Divorced, Lynch is the father of two.
Date: June 20, 2010
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;energy
Context: an appearance on Newsmakers
Fact-check justification: Deepwater -- which Lynch himself cites as a credible source when it comes to the "6 jobs" number -- is also promising at least 35 short-term construction jobs. And that's only for the Block Island Wind Farm portion of the project, planned as the first phase. If the much larger project of 100 wind turbines is ultimately built, it would mean even more jobs, both long-term and construction jobs. Deepwater is predicting at least 600 jobs associated with building those turbines at Quonset Point and many more indirect jobs. Our -O-Meter can't predict the future, so we don't know if the jobs estimates being projected by either Lynch or Deepwater are correct, whether the wind farm will -- as some experts have predicted -- actually cost the state jobs by driving up the cost of electricity, or whether fossil fuel prices will someday make Rhode Islanders glad they invested in the small- or large-scale offshore wind farms.
Statement: The average fast food worker is 29, and most fast food workers "are on some form of public assistance.
Speaker: bill maher
About the speaker: Bill Maher is a comedian and host of HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher. He also works as a comedian and actor.
Date: October 25, 2013
Topics: jobs;workers;punditfact
Context: comments on HBO's "Real Time with Bill Maher"
Fact-check justification: To make a point about the need to increase the minimum wage, Maher pointed to the plight of fast food workers, who, on average are 29 and receiving some form of public assistance. The median age, which economists say is a more accurate measure than the mean age, is 29, according to the best information we could find. As for receiving public assistance, Maher is referencing a university report funded by a group that supports increasing the minimum wage. The report concluded that 52 percent of the families of fast-food workers are receiving some type of public assistance. That’s not exactly how Maher put it -- he didn’t refer to families -- but some assistance programs specifically are meant to help families and children. Experts, meanwhile, said that while the methodology behind the report appears credible, there is some matter of opinion of what constitutes public assistance. On balance, we rate this  .
Statement: Says the new health care law delivers a "$13 billion tax increase on families with special needs.
Speaker: john carter
About the speaker: Carter, of Georgetown, was initially elected to the U.S. House in 2002. He is a former state district judge.
Date: April 12, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: health care
Context: a Twitter message
Fact-check justification: The upshot? Carter's statement that the health care law will smack a $13 billion tax increase entirely on families with children who have special needs defies common sense. At our inquiry, his office backed off the sweep of Carter's Twitter message and conceded they didn't have numbers confirming that special-needs' families would bear the brunt of the tax change. All in all, Carter makes a dramatic, unsupported charge. We rate his statement as .
Statement: One of the biggest polluters in our country is the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District.
Speaker: jim sensenbrenner
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner, R-Wis., has served in Congress since 1979. He represents a district covering Milwaukee suburbs.
Date: July 24, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment
Context: a discussion at a town hall meeting
Fact-check justification: He cited the amount of dumping MMSD has done, but provided no  that it ranks among the nation’s top polluters. To be sure, MMSD does dump untreated sewage -- along with collected rainwater -- in the lake when its system reaches capacity. But Sensenbrenner’s  was one of magnitude, comparing the district to all other polluters nationwide. We found  indicating that MMSD is not even among the worst sewerage district polluters in the Great Lakes region. We rate Sensenbrenner’s statement .
Statement: Department of Homeland Security "deemed as terrorism" behavior that includes "resisting COVID regulations" and "thinking the election was rigged."..."In other words, if you are a Trump supporter, you are a terrorist.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: August 14, 2021
Topics: homeland security;terrorism;facebook fact-checks
Context: Instagram posts
Fact-check justification: The advisory bulletin doesn’t label all Trump supporters or conspiracy theorists terrorists. Nor does the bulletin add any specific groups or individuals to existing lists of terror organizations. And it does not equate disagreeing with COVID-19 regulations" or "thinking the election was rigged" with terrorism. The National Terrorism Advisory System doesn’t have the legal authority to designate new groups or individuals as terrorists.   We rate this  . ​
Statement: If people work and make more money, they lose more in benefits than they would earn in salary.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: January 13, 2015
Location: national
Topics: poverty;welfare
Context: his book, "American Dreams"
Fact-check justification: In his book, Rubio wrote, "If people work and make more money, they lose more in benefits than they would earn in salary." There is  that when a large chunk of the amount of every additional dollar earned goes to taxes or to offset a decrease in benefits, people work less. Further, there are scenarios where a low-income individual with children receiving assistance from the government through multiple programs could potentially lose more in benefits than he or she would gain by a slight or modest increase in income. But these examples are a small minority. The vast majority of people face some higher taxes and lost benefits when they make more money, but they would still take home more in pay than they would under a lower salary. The statement contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would leave a different impression. We rate the statement . Help fund PolitiFact’s Kickstarter to live fact-check the 2015 State of the Union and GOP response.
Statement: Georgia has more than 700 law enforcement agencies, and fewer than 20 percent of them are state-certified.
Speaker: police chief billy grogan
About the speaker: was the first police chief of this new city
 
Date: July 14, 2015
Location: georgia
Topics: crime;public safety
Context: press release
Fact-check justification: The Dunwoody Police Department recently was recognized for becoming state certified. The city press release said: Th ere are more than 700 law enforcement agencies in Georgia and fewer than 20 percent of those agencies have achieved this status. But the bar also has to be high here. Claims need to be based on data or disclose, as in this case, that they are based, in part, on estimates. That’s missing context. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says "cities save an estimated $38 in dental costs for every $1 invested in fluoridation.
Speaker: nick fish
About the speaker: Nick Fish is Commissioner-in-Charge of the Portland Housing Bureau and Portland Parks and Recreation.
Date: August 16, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: city government
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Fish was measured in his comments. He said that "cities save an estimated $38 in dental costs for every $1 invested in fluoridation" and, indeed, that was the estimate of one article that appeared in a peer-reviewed medical journal. Furthermore, the findings of this article are highlighted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on its website on the subject. The savings for Portland, however, are slimmer, and we think that’s important context that is missing. We find this statement .
Statement: The words "subhuman mongrel," which Ted Nugent called President Barack Obama, were used by the Nazis to "justify the genocide of the Jewish community.
Speaker: wolf blitzer
About the speaker: Wolf Blitzer is a CNN anchor and host.
Date: February 18, 2014
Topics: history;punditfact
Context: comments on CNN
Fact-check justification: Blitzer said the words "subhuman mongrel" were used by the Nazis to "justify the genocide of the Jewish community." We found ample  that the Nazis used those words -- in their own language -- to repeatedly describe Jewish people in the build-up to the Holocaust. We rate his statement .
Statement: The moon is a habitable place.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 6, 2023
Topics: science;space;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed, "the moon is a habitable place." Although water molecules have been found, there is no proof of liquid water on the moon and liquid water is necessary for planets to be humanly habitable, researchers say. The lunar exosphere is also thin and not breathable for humans.  We rate these claims ! RELATED: No  of 250 million moon inhabitants. That’s made up
Statement: Says that from 1992 through 2010, every statewide candidate drawing over 43 percent of the vote in a Republican Texas primary won the resulting runoff.
Speaker: david dewhurst
About the speaker: David Dewhurst, the former state land commissioner, was initially elected lieutenant governor of Texas in 2002. He lost his 2012 bid for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate and lost his bid for re-nomination in 2014.
Date: May 29, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: history
Context: a memo from campaign pollster Mike Baselice
Fact-check justification: We are not judging the predictive value of Dewhurst’s , which would be speculative beyond the bounds of a backward-looking fact check. For instance, skeptics might stress that only four of the 16 GOP statewide primary-runoff combinations from 1992 through 2010 fully support Dewhurst's . Half of the remaining dozen primary leaders lost the runoffs. Put another way, however, there are no instances since 1992 of a Texas Republican candidate for statewide office drawing more than 43 percent of the primary vote and losing the runoff, which is Dewhurst’s point. We rate the  as .
Statement: Research even shows that sending more girls to school can boost an entire country's GDP.
Speaker: michelle obama
About the speaker: Michelle Obama is the wife of Barack Obama and the former First Lady of the United States. She is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School and has worked for the Mayor of Chicago and the University of Chicago. Michelle and Barack Obama have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: March 21, 2016
Topics: global news service;education;foreign policy;women
Context: an interview posted on Medium
Fact-check justification: Michelle Obama said that research shows that sending girls to school can boost a country’s entire economy. That’s a fairly broad statement and broadly speaking, it’s accurate. Research from economists at the World Bank and elsewhere suggest that it’s possible that educating more girls produces a stronger economy. But researchers can’t say whether it’s the education of girls that leads to growth, or the growth that leads to more education of women. Plus, women can hit roadblocks in the job market even if they are educated. The research shows that, too. Obama’s statement is accurate but it needs additional information. We rate this  .
Statement: Twenty percent of single adults, ages 21 to 25 with no kids, "are not working or even in school trying to find a job.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: July 25, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: children;education;federal budget;jobs;poverty;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Ryan said 20 percent of single adults without kids, ages 21 to 25, "are not working or even in school trying to find a job." The latest federal figures show that 19 percent of adults ages 20 to 24 weren’t in school and weren’t working in 2013. But that statistic is for a slightly different age range than what Ryan cited. And it includes everyone in that range, not just the single adults without kids that Ryan cited.    Since Ryan acknowledges he misstated the statistic, and there are no federal figures for the group he cited, we rate his  .