chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Says "Donald Trump says climate change is a hoax invented by the Chinese.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: June 2, 2016
Location: national
Topics: climate change;foreign policy
Context: a foreign policy speech
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "Donald Trump says climate change is a hoax invented by the Chinese." Trump did tweet that view in 2012, though he made efforts earlier this year to describe that remark as a "joke." However, Trump has repeatedly called climate change a "hoax" in speeches, tweets and media appearances, and while he hasn’t necessarily repeated the charge that China "invented" climate change, he has said as recently as Jan. 18, 2016, that action on climate change "is done for the benefit of China." We rate the  .
Statement: The significant drop in Florida's unemployment rate is a good economic sign.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: September 13, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: economy
Context: an Enterprise Florida meeting
Fact-check justification: Scott reassured Florida’s economic development leaders, "We have every reason to brag about what’s going on in our state." We found his example of the plummeting unemployment rate over 20 months is not something to tout. Experts say the reasons behind the drop are  grim: Thousands of discouraged workers have given up on finding work in Florida. The shrinking workforce can be attributed to a number of factors, but the fact that Florida is last in the nation when it comes to long-term unemployment can’t be ignored. A major factor in the drop in unemployment is the exodus of people who have simply given up looking for work. Job creation, meanwhile, has been below-average. So is the unemployment rate decline a positive economic sign for Florida? We say .  PolitiFact Florida is partnering with 10 News for the election. See video fact-checks here .
Statement: Gov. McAuliffe's budget would "raid school, other $$ 4 Obamacare in VA.
Speaker: republican party of virginia
About the speaker: The Virginia wing of the national Republican Party.
Date: March 26, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: medicaid;state budget
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: The state Republican Party tweeted that within McAuliffe’s budget, "we found the part where you were going to raid school, other $$ 4 Obamacare in VA." McAuliffe invited some concern by submitting a budget amendment that can be interpreted as giving him authority to transfer money in and out of Medicaid from other state programs. The governor disputes that the provision gives him such power. In any case, "can" does not mean "will." The GOP goes overboard in saying McAuliffe is "going to raid" schools and other state programs to help pay for Medicaid expansion -- an endeavor that almost entirely would be supported by federal funds. The Republicans offer no proof that this is McAuliffe’s plan. In making the sensational , the GOP ignores that the governor has proposed using savings from Medicaid expansion to bolster other state programs, including education. So the GOP tweet has a grain of , but ignores critical facts that would give people a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says Michael Cargill was "arrested and incarcerated in Bell County.
Speaker: adan ballesteros
About the speaker:   Adan Ballesteros initially won election as constable in 2008.
Date: July 14, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a political flier
Fact-check justification: We suspect most people would interpret Ballesteros’ phrase "arrested and incarcerated" to mean Cargill served time as punishment for a crime -- which he did not, as our background check suggested. Nor did Cargill wear the garish jumpsuit shown on the flier. But Cargill was brought to the jail on a warrant for his arrest and held there briefly -- perhaps overnight -- before the charge was dismissed. We rate the  .
Statement: Says Obama flip-flopped on withdrawing troops from Iraq.
Speaker: let freedom ring
About the speaker: Let Freedom Ring is a conservative group.
Date: July 24, 2008
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: a TV ad airing on cable networks such as Fox and MTV
Fact-check justification: And again, that pace translates into having our combat troops out in 16 months' time." Weighing all these statements together, we find the McCain campaign and Let Freedom Ring are off-base in saying Obama has changed position. Obama repeatedly said facts on the ground could affect the tactical moves of an overall withdrawal. Obama's position was not an ironclad withdrawal timeline in the first place. We find the charge that Obama has reversed position to be .
Statement: Pfizer made $37 billion in profit in its last quarter.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 23, 2021
Topics: health care;public health
Context: Facebook posts
Fact-check justification: Our ruling  A Facebook post claims Pfizer made $37 billion in profit in the latest quarter. That’s . The company generated $24.09 billion in revenue in the third quarter, more than half of that coming from its COVID-19 vaccine.   Its profit for the quarter was $8.15 billion.   We rate this  .
Statement: Says 5-year-olds can "take hormones and change my sex.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 1, 2021
Topics: health care;sexuality;facebook fact-checks
Context: post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: The information is unsubstantiated. The guidelines for the medical care of transgender patients, developed by organizations such as the Endocrine Society and the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, do not recommend puberty blockers for children who have not reached puberty; do not recommend hormone treatment for those under 16 years old; and typically restrict genital reassignment surgery to those 18 and older, who also meet other criteria.   We rate this  . RELATED: What the Equality Act debate gets  about gender, sex RELATED:   Rachel Levine does not support gender confirmation surgery for all children
Statement: Says Mitt Romney's campaign "has already spent more on negative ads than John McCain did during his entire presidential run.
Speaker: debbie wasserman schultz
About the speaker: Debbie Wasserman Schultz became the chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee in 2011 and resigned in July 2016. The Florida Democrat was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004 after serving in the state senate. She represents Congressional District 23 in Broward and Miami-Dade counties.
Date: January 31, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: campaign finance;candidate biography
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Wasserman Schultz said that "Romney’s campaign has already spent more on negative ads than John McCain did during his entire presidential run." We couldn’t find a precise figure for what Romney spent on negative ads in all the states combined through the end of January, but it’s clearly much less than what McCain spent on his entire general election run. But it was her dramatic contrast between primary spending and general election spending that caught our attention, and that point is clearly . We rate the statement .
Statement: Says President Barack Obama "already passed all these Obamacare taxes. About a dozen of them hit middle-income taxpayers.
Speaker: paul ryan
About the speaker: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R.-Wis., became Speaker of the House in 2015 and served until his retirement in January 2019. Ryan was elected to represent southern Wisconsin in Congress in 1998 and for part of his tenure chaired the House Budget Committee. He was Mitt Romney's vice-presidential running mate in the 2012 presidential election. He did not seek re-election in 2018.
Date: September 30, 2012
Location: national
Topics: health care;taxes
Context: an interview on "Fox News Sunday"
Fact-check justification: Ryan said Obama "already passed all these Obamacare taxes. About a dozen of them hit middle-income taxpayers." We find that only eight of these measures are taxes, and in some cases the taxes are imposed on health insurance companies, drug makers and health device manufacturers, not on individual taxpayers. He can make a less-persuasive case for another three measures actually being tax increases. Finally, there will be a substantial variation in how many new taxes affect the middle class. The typical person will not be paying anywhere close to a dozen new taxes. We rate the  .
Statement: Say video "shows massive alligator strolling across Florida golf course.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: June 1, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: animals
Context: Internet posts
Fact-check justification: Bloggers went crazy over a viral video of a massive alligator on a Manatee County golf course, with many expressing skepticism about the video’s authenticity. After speaking with the course’s regional manager and a University of Florida gator expert (and seeing additional video of the gator), we can say this video holds up. We rate this  as . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/e08e2288-592d-478b-bf29-54b23a8da7a2
Statement: Says Joe Cunningham voted for $5 million in taxpayer funds to go into his and other politicians' campaigns to pay for personal expenses and TV ads.
Speaker: nancy mace
About the speaker: Republican Nancy Mace has been a state representative in South Carolina since 2018. In 2020, she ran for the seat held by U.S. Rep. Joe Cunningham, D-S.C.
Date: October 6, 2020
Topics: campaign finance;taxes
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Mace said Cunningham voted for $5 million in taxpayer funds to go into his campaign coffers and politicians like him "that pay your personal expenses, that pay for your TV ads." Cunningham voted for a bill that would pay federal matching funds to House candidate campaigns — but it would not be automatic and would not necessarily come to $5 million. In order to receive the matching funds, candidates would need to meet certain requirements that limit the size of the donations they accept. And the maximum match under any scenario would be $5 million. The funds would not come from a tax, but from a fee assessed to criminal and civil fines. A separate provision would allow challengers, but not incumbent candidates like Cunningham, to use campaign funds generally to pay for certain personal expenses, such as health insurance.  We rate the statement . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here for more.
Statement: Says Michael Bloomberg said, "I have known Trump for decades. We have traveled in the same business circles. He is known among millionaires as a con-artist and among business owners as a cheat out to stiff everyone.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 7, 2019
Topics: candidate biography;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Bill de Blasio, the current mayor of New York City, has more recently called Trump a con. As a candidate in the crowded Democratic presidential race, he’s positioning himself as the person to defeat  "Con Don," as he called him on ABC’s Good Morning America . On June 7, it was widely reported that Bloomberg was donating $500 million to help close all remaining U.S. coal plants. But we couldn’t find the comment that was credited to Bloomberg in this Facebook post, which was published the same day. We rate this post .
Statement: Says Joe Biden is "now saying he inherited 'a mess' at the border. Fact: 9,000 illegals all of 2020. So far in 2021 108,000 entered U.S.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: March 13, 2021
Topics: immigration;facebook fact-checks
Context: a text post
Fact-check justification: We reached out to the Facebook user who shared the post for a comment, but we didn’t hear back. The post is . We rate it . RELATED:   Did the increase of children arriving at the border start under Trump or Biden?
Statement: The Greenest County in America.
Speaker: dekalb county
About the speaker: DeKalb County, which includes a portion of the city of Atlanta, is Georgia's third highest-populated county.
Date: December 23, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: environment
Context: its website
Fact-check justification: "Nobody here is claiming perfection, but based on the programs, awards, designations and initiatives DeKalb has in place and ongoing, I am sticking with the motto 'DeKalb is the greenest county in America,' " Brennan told us in an e-mail. "After all, 'Cowboy Capital of the World' was already taken," added Brennan, referring to Oakdale, Calif. DeKalb has certainly tried to make its mark as an environmentally conscious county. But DeKalb's  of being the "greenest county" in the nation ignores critical facts that would give a visitor to its web site a different impression. We rate the county's  as .
Statement: Obama's mid-term approval ratings are similar to other presidents who went on to re-election.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: January 2, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: polls and public opinion
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: But the president’s mid-term approval rating -- gauged by the first poll completely conducted in the new mid-term year -- is 8 percentage points below the average of re-elected presidents since 1939. His disapproval rating is 10 percentage points above the average. We know those numbers can change in an instant. But when a politician is down by 8 or 10 percentage points, we say he’s behind but within striking distance. We rate Kaine’s statement .
Statement: When I was governor, not only did test scores improve – we also narrowed the achievement gap.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: July 11, 2012
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: a speech to the NAACP
Fact-check justification: Romney told the NAACP that when he was governor of Massachusetts, "not only did test scores improve – we also narrowed the achievement gap." State education figures over two years support Romney’s  about learning gains, although it’s worth noting that some areas declined on his watch, such as the drop-out rate. And it’s always somewhat dubious to take a snapshot of statistics from only one or two years, when, as d'Entremont said "significant gains in student achievement don’t happen overnight, and the gains in Massachusetts are the result of a 20-year reform effort." What’s more, Romney, a single-term governor, should not get all the credit for improvement in the achievement gap, which is influenced by myriad factors. His statement is partially accurate but omits a lot of important information and overstates his impact. We rate it .
Statement: Cuomo opens New York 72 hours before his daughter's wedding.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 15, 2021
Location: new york
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook user claimed, "Cuomo opens New York 72 hours before his daughter's wedding." None of Cuomo’s daughters are getting married this weekend or plan to in the near future. Cuomo announced that state-mandated COVID-19 restrictions would be lifted on June 15 because 70% of adult New Yorkers have received a vaccine. We rate this  .
Statement: Says a poll shows that "without a name attached, Democrats are just one point behind" Gov. John Kasich.
Speaker: chris redfern
About the speaker: Chris Redfern is chairman of the Ohio Democratic Party, a post he has held since December 2005.
Date: November 7, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: elections;polls and public opinion
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Redfern never asserted otherwise. Rather, the state party chairman accurately explained where things stood: A polling firm, which he clearly cited, showed a generic Democrat trailing Kasich by 1 point. A lot can change between now and November 2014. But polls, especially one this far out, should be looked at as a snapshot in time. So on the -O-Meter, Redfern’s statement rates .
Statement: Says critics who say he cut Medicaid are wrong; his budget added $1.2 billion to the program
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: June 21, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: medicaid;state budget
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: Experts are not united on this one, but Wisconsin’s nonpartisan official budget scorekeeper thinks both the cuts and the increase are accurate claims. Media accounts have portrayed past moves as cuts, as well. What’s more, when Walker introduced his budget, he also described the changes as cuts. So, Walker made a generally accurate statement about the increase, but by dismissing the talk of cuts he left out a lot of context and important details on his budget move. That’s a .
Statement: ''The leading Democratic candidate once said that the unfettered free market is the most destructive force in modern America.''
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: October 9, 2007
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: Dearborn, Mich
Fact-check justification: Clinton's campaign didn't want to comment on the issue, but her full answer to the C-SPAN question provides more context. '' The market is the driving force behind our prosperity, our freedom ... (but) it cannot be permitted just to run roughshod over people's lives as well,'' she said. Because of Giuliani's misquote, we give this a ruling of .
Statement: Coronavirus is a Latin word for "heart attack virus.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 6, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Google Translate said that "heart attack virus" in Latin is "cor impetum virus" — not "cor ona  virus." Adding spaces to the syllables as the woman did in the Facebook post appears to puzzle Google Translate. For example, "Cor ona," with one space between the two words, translates to "heart wave," but the search engine seems confused. It suggests you translate the word from Portuguese instead of Latin. We rate claims that coronavirus is Latin for "heart attack virus" .
Statement: Says Libya "Ambassador (Christopher) Stevens sent 600 requests for help" in Benghazi.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: October 9, 2016
Location: national
Topics: history;foreign policy;terrorism
Context: the second 2016 presidential debate
Fact-check justification: Trump said "Ambassador Stevens sent 600 requests for help." There certainly were many requests for security improvements at the mission. But Trump goes way over the line, citing a graph that includes a period when Stevens wasn't even the ambassador and doesn't differentiate between actual requests for improved security and follow-up correspondence. The highest the number could be, according to that data, is 205 and there's no  that those "requests and concerns" — which may include duplicates — were even sent by Stevens. We rate his statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/63594c70-fdef-4c85-8495-89eb8f90c67c