chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In America, there is a father who is holding down two jobs and paying more taxes than the richest 400 families in America.
Speaker: kamala harris
About the speaker: Kamala Harris is the vice president of the United States. Harris was elected as a senator from California in 2016. She previously was California’s attorney general from 2011 to 2017. From 2004 until 2011, she was the district attorney of San Francisco. Harris received a bachelor’s degree in political science and economics from Howard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 2019, she ran for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in December. On Aug. 11, 2020, former Vice President Joe Biden named Harris as his running mate.
Date: November 13, 2019
Location: national
Topics: income;wealth;taxes
Context: a Facebook ad
Fact-check justification: Harris said, "In America, there is a father who is holding down two jobs and paying more taxes than the richest 400 families in America." The study Harris relies on estimates that a typical taxpayer pays a higher tax rate on federal, state and local taxes — not that he pays more in actual taxes — than do the richest families. And even on rates, the difference is not especially large: 24.2% vs. 23%.  That’s important because, while the study was done by leading economists, it relies on estimates and a methodology that some economists say makes the tax system look less progressive than it actually is. Most critically, there is nothing in Harris’ ad that suggested she was talking about tax rates rather than taxes paid.  For a statement that contains only an element of , we give Harris a .
Statement: Says Mitt Romney wants to "get rid of Planned Parenthood.
Speaker: planned parenthood action fund
About the speaker: Planned Parenthood Action Fund is the national advocacy and political arm of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.
Date: October 31, 2012
Location: national
Topics: abortion;federal budget;health care
Context: a radio ad
Fact-check justification: The Planned Parenthood Action Fund aid said that Romney wants to "get rid of Planned Parenthood." That directly contradicts what Romney has said -- that he wants to end federal funding for Planned Parenthood, not abolish the organization -- and his staff reaffirmed that position. There’s no question that an end to federal funding would be a significant blow to the organization’s operations, potentially chopping 12 percent to 35 percent from its budget. But it’s an exaggeration to say that Romney would act to "get rid" of the organization. We rate the  . UPDATE : After our story appeared, Planned Parenthood provided some additional statistics about how many Medicaid patients use their services. The story has been updated to include that data.
Statement: California has more kids in poverty ... than virtually any other state.
Speaker: common sense kids action
About the speaker: Common Sense Kids Action is a child advocacy group based in San Francisco. 
Date: September 21, 2015
Location: california
Topics: children;poverty
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Common Sense Kids Action says "California has more kids in poverty ... than virtually any state." The census bureau shows in its most recent standard report that California, indeed, has more people under 18 in poverty than any other state. But that doesn’t necessarily mean California has a bigger problem with child poverty — per capita — than all other states. There are 14 states, led by New Mexico and Mississippi, with higher child poverty rates, at least by the official measure.   In conclusion, the statement is literally accurate. But it should be noted that California’s population is so large it leads the nation in practically everything. We rate the  .    –  The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for   more   on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: You've had over 2 million women drop out of the workforce during this pandemic.
Speaker: colin allred
About the speaker: Rep. Colin Allred is the U.S. Representative for the 32nd District of Texas, which includes northeastern Dallas County. Prior to serving as a Representative, Allred played in the NFL, worked as a civil rights attorney, and worked in the General Counsel's office of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Allred was elected in 2018, beating incumbent Rep. Pete Sessions.
Date: October 25, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: economy
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Allred said on Oct. 25 while advocating for spending bills like the Build Back Better bill, "You've had over 2 million women drop out of the workforce during this pandemic." He accurately cited a comparison of the number of women in the labor force from February 2020 to February 2021. However, the most recent data indicates many women have rejoined the labor force since February and the net number of women who dropped out of the workforce is a lower number, but not far off from Allred's 2 million. Roughly 1.8   million fewer women ages 16 and over are in the workforce compared to February 2020. We rate this . The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information.
Statement: Says Tom Hanks was "arrested in Australia for pedophilia.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 13, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "NOT ," she tweeted. "Haven’t been raided, or arrested. Just sanitizing and self distancing with the rest of the world. Stay safe everybody." We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Before I was governor, tuition was skyrocketing and we stopped that. We capped and then we froze college tuition.
Speaker: george allen
About the speaker: George Allen was a U.S. senator from 2001-2007. He was governor of Virginia from 1994-1998.
Date: May 25, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Allen said that, as governor, he stopped soaring tuition costs by implementing a tuition freeze. Allen and the General Assembly did impose a freeze after tuition had risen sharply during the early 1990s recession. Allen had leeway to cap tuitions because a healthy economy during his term allowed lawmakers to increase state appropriations to colleges and universities. We rate Allen’s  .
Statement: Says judges are using Shariah law in Dearborn, Mich.
Speaker: leo berman
About the speaker: Leo Berman is a state representative from Tyler.
Date: April 4, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: religion
Context: a House committee hearing
Fact-check justification: All told, Dearborn Muslims, like all U.S. Muslims, may follow Shariah law in their personal lives and may enter into contracts — such as pre-nuptial agreements — bound by their principles. So may adherents of other religious faiths. And judges may use religious laws to interpret such contracts, providing all parties agree from the beginning. Far as we can tell, though, judges don’t use Shariah law in lieu of the U.S. Constitution or state laws — nor are they doing so in Dearborn. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Madison Mayor Paul Soglin's stated intent when proposing that city contractors disclose private political donations was to "discourage contributions to organizations with which he disagrees.
Speaker: wisconsin institute for law & liberty
About the speaker: The Wisconsin Institute for Law & Liberty is a conservative, libertarian public interest law firm, based in Milwaukee, that initiates legal actions on a range of public issues.
Rick Esenberg was named president and general council of the 501(c)(3) organization, which gets financial backing from the Milwaukee-based Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation.
As the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported: "The institute has entered the fray on a range of cases, from Act 10, the legislation that curtailed collective bargaining in Wisconsin for most public sector workers, to voter identification to the proposed Milwaukee streetcar project. In each case, the institute took the conservative side on the issue."
Date: June 4, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: campaign finance;elections
Context: a web posting
Fact-check justification: The group cites a newspaper interview that paraphrased Soglin saying that could happen in some cases as a result of his legislation. Soglin told us the same thing, but said his goal was limited to transparency. His statements make pretty clear he looks forward to forcing contractors to choose between trimming their political activity or disclosing it and facing the consequences. And he predicts some will stop making donations. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says many public-employee unions falsely told their Wisconsin members his budget-repair bill sought 12 percent to 13 percent of their incomes for health insurance premiums.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: June 21, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor;state budget
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: He squarely blamed big unions, and described the problem as widespread. But Walker offered no tangible  for his . And our check of the communications by the big unions found no instances of unions falsely portraying his plan as a percentage of income. If any additional information surfaces, we may revisit this ruling. But based on the information available, and the lack of documentation from Walker, we rate the statement .
Statement: Says of 80,000 people who were denied a firearm in 2012 due to a failed background check, only 44 were prosecuted.
Speaker: kelly ayotte
About the speaker: Kelly Ayotte is a U.S. Senator representing New Hampshire as a Republican. She was the first woman to serve as her state's attorney general. Appointed to that position in 2004 by a Republican governor, she was twice reappointed by a Democratic governor.
Date: February 19, 2013
Location: new hampshire
Topics: guns
Context: an editorial board meeting
Fact-check justification: More to the point, Ayotte confuses state and federal numbers in her statement, using state rejections (80,000) and federal prosecutions (44). Looking at state enforcement alone, just four states had more than 1,500 arrests. While those are arrests, not prosecutions, it stands to reason the number of state prosecutions is vastly higher than the figure Ayotte cited. That ratio is not nearly as dramatic as Ayotte suggested, but her larger point remains valid: the majority of failed background checks do not lead to criminal charges or prosecutions. With this in mind, we rate her  .
Statement: Says Minnesota U.S. House candidate Joe Radinovich has "spent his life running from the law, charged with 18 crimes.
Speaker: congressional leadership fund
About the speaker: The Congressional Leadership Fund is a super PAC exclusively dedicated to protecting and strengthening the Republican Majority in the House of Representatives.
Date: September 12, 2018
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: The Congressional Leadership Found says Radinovich has "spent his life running from the law, charged with 18 crimes." The ad has a few elements of . But the numbers make it sound far worse than Minnesota law would allow. Most of Radinovich’s offenses were driving-related. Most were petty misdemeanors -- a legal distinction, for sure, but an important one in the state where voters who follow that law will decide this race. You could argue about those numbers. But by casting the candidate as someone who has "spent his life running from the law," the ad omits critical facts and takes liberties in characterizing a life with traffic and driving issues, not holdups and getaway chases. By the standards of the -O-Meter, that gives the  a rating of .
Statement: Millions have died from COVID injections.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 26, 2021
Topics: public health;science;coronavirus
Context: a website
Fact-check justification: This report cites sources such as the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, an official database to which anyone can report any kind of adverse health event following a vaccine. VAERS reports are not analyzed for accuracy, and may contain information that is incomplete,  or coincidental. Europe’s EudraVigilance is a similar system to VAERS and issues the same warning about its own reports. No credible source suggests that millions of people have died from vaccines.   We rate this  !
Statement: Says a video shows footage of the helicopter crash that killed Kobe Bryant.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 26, 2020
Topics: transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: and it was real low. I saw it falling and spluttering. But it was hard to make out, as it was so foggy," he said. According to the Times, the helicopter vanished into a cloud of fog and there was a boom.   We rate this video .
Statement: As vice president, Kamala Harris would "defund, dismantle, and dissolve police departments.
Speaker: mike pence
About the speaker: Mike Pence is the former vice president of the United States. A Republican, Pence was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. Pence previously served for 12 years as a congressman from Indiana representing the Sixth Congressional District; he was first elected in 2000. During his time in the U.S. House of Represenatives, he served as House Republican Conference chairman and chairman of the House Republican Study Committee. Pence was born in Columbus, Ind. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1981 from Hanover College and a law degree in 1986 from Indiana University. After accepting Donald Trump's offer to be running mate, Pence ended his 2016 campaign to be re-elected as Indiana governor. 
Date: October 8, 2020
Topics: criminal justice;ad watch
Context: a Facebook ad
Fact-check justification: Pence said in a Facebook ad that, as vice president, Harris would "defund, dismantle, and dissolve police departments." That’s . Biden’s official campaign platform says his administration would not defund police departments. Harris’ press secretary said she does not support defunding the police. Her former presidential campaign platform did not mention it. In media appearances, Harris has called for "reimagining" public safety across the country. But she hasn’t explicitly said she supports defunding police departments, and Harris has said she doesn’t want to get rid of law enforcement. Pence’s ad is . We rate it .
Statement: Live cats have holes drilled into their skulls," posts put into their heads and coils put into their eyes, and some have had their ears cut off or are intentionally deafened or starved at UW-Madison labs that do research to improve hearing in humans.
Speaker: people for the ethical treatment of animals
About the speaker: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals is an animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Va.
Date: October 8, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: animals;education;health care;public health;science
Context: a robo-call and video
Fact-check justification: Cats are given limited amounts of food during experiments, not starved for up to six days. Our rating PETA said: "Live cats have holes drilled into their skulls," posts put into their heads and coils put into their eyes, and some have had their ears cut off or are intentionally deafened or starved at UW-Madison labs that do research to improve hearing in humans. Overall, some of the various parts of the statement were partially accurate, others were not. We rate the statement . If you would like to comment on this item, you can do so on the Journal Sentinel’s web page .
Statement: Why did the US (NIH) in 2017 give $3.7m to the Wuhan Lab in China? Such grants were prohibited in 2014. Did Pres. Obama grant an exception?
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: April 26, 2020
Topics: punditfact;coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Giuliani said that in 2017, the United States gave $3.7 million to the lab in Wuhan at a time when such a grant was prohibited. The grant was made in 2014, and the amount that went to the lab was a bit under $600,000.  The grant restriction did not apply to identifying naturally occurring viruses, which is what the Wuhan lab did. We rate this  .
Statement: Maggie Hassan won "1,100 votes from town with population under 700.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: November 14, 2022
Location: new hampshire
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: That tracks with the total number of ballots cast in Columbia: 309. The secretary of state’s office sent PolitiFact a press release in response to questions about the posts. The 1,106 figure was "a simple typo," according to the statement announcing a correction in the vote tally for the senate race.    The , which was corrected and reflected in the now-online results, didn’t change the election’s outcome.   We rate claims that Hassan won more votes in Columbia, New Hampshire, than were cast .
Statement: Says because of his actions, Wisconsin "property taxes today are lower than they were four years ago.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: July 13, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: candidate biography;city government;education;taxes
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: And Walker’s measures to limit local property tax increases have played a major role.  But the lower taxes are due in part to declines in housing values that have only partially recovered. We rate Walker’s statement .    More on Scott Walker Go here for an in-depth look at Walker’s record on the -O-Meter and the Flip-O-Meter. And here for each of the fact checks we’ve done on claims by, and about, the Wisconsin governor.
Statement: Says Joe Biden was the only world leader to wear a face mask during a video conference.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 25, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .) Though Biden appears to be the only person wearing a mask in the image that’s being shared on social media, the photo shows only about a quarter of the world leaders in attendance.   Other photos from the summit show both Biden not wearing a mask and other officials donning them .   And contrary to the suggestion that Biden was wearing a mask alone in a room, photos from the State Department show he was joined at different points by Secretary of State Antony Blinken, Special Presidential Envoy for Climate John Kerry, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen, National Economic Council Director, Brian Deese, and aides.    We rate this post .
Statement: If we ban the practice of earmarks, we could save the American taxpayer anywhere between $15 (billion) to $20 billion dollars a year in pork-barrel spending.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: August 2, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: federal budget
Context: a campaign video
Fact-check justification: Taxpayers for Common Sense concluded that the amounts were between $15.9 billion to $18.3 billion for the past three years -- all within Rubio's range. The Office of Management and Budget concluded the amounts were $11.1 billion, $15.3 billion and $16.6 billion -- so two of the three were within Rubio's range. So far, Rubio is scoring five out of six here. The CRS Congressional earmarks ranged from $10.1 billion to $12.5 billion -- all below Rubio's estimate. But since Rubio was within range for most of the OMB and Taxpayers for Common Sense figures, we rate this  .
Statement: Who will raising the minimum wage actually help? … More than half work full-time. The average worker is 35 years old.
Speaker: jay carney
About the speaker: Jay Carney, the White House press secretary, was formerly employed by TIME magazine and CNN, according to a TIME biographical post.
Date: April 4, 2014
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a meme on Twitter
Fact-check justification: The White House meme asked, "Who will raising the minimum wage actually help? … More than half work full-time. The average worker is 35 years old." The White House’s math is credible because it carefully framed the question as "who gains from a minimum-wage hike to $10.10," rather than "who currently earns the minimum wage" -- a common yardstick used by its opponents. Still, the White House’s portrayal is somewhat one-sided because it leaves out the negative impacts of raising the minimum wage, which have been pointed out by such independent groups as the CBO. We rate the  .