chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: David Dewhurst is "the first lieutenant governor in history to have a personal security detail.
Speaker: todd staples
About the speaker: Staples was first elected agriculture commissioner of Texas in 2006 after previously serving in the Texas Senate and House. He unsuccessfully sought the 2014 Republican nomination for lieutenant governor, afterward resigning for another job.
Date: January 27, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;homeland security;crime;public safety;state budget
Context: Dallas
Fact-check justification: Staples called Dewhurst the first lieutenant governor of Texas to have a personal security detail. That appears so. Still, Staples’ statement could leave the impression that Dewhurst arranged for something unique for his own benefit. In contrast, Dewhurst was quoted years ago as saying that he did not initiate the protection and initially declined it. Also, Staples did not acknowledge that Capitol security was beefed up in various ways in 2010 and 2011 or that Dewhurst wasn’t alone in gaining a protective detail. We rate this , which lacked these clarifications, as .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: At the time that (Medicare Part D) was passed (it) was actually less popular than the Affordable Care Act, according to the polls.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 1, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care;medicare;polls and public opinion
Context: an NPR interview
Fact-check justification: To illustrate that the Affordable Care Act can overcome its low popularity ratings, Obama claimed that Medicare Part D was even less popular when it first passed. Polling data shows that a lower percentage of people favored Part D in 2004 than favor Obamacare in 2013. However, depending on the margin of error, a slightly higher percentage of people may view the president’s reform unfavorably compared with Part D. We rate Obama’s statement .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton told the Des Moines Register on Aug. 8, 2015: "I will get the NRA shut down for good if I become president. If we can ban handguns, we will do it.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: October 25, 2015
Location: iowa
Topics: guns
Context: a blog post and subsequently reposted on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A post spread via social media quotes Clinton as telling The Des Moines Register, "I will get the NRA shut down for good if I become president. If we can ban handguns, we will do it." Clinton was quoted in The Des Moines Register several times about gun control in the months leading up to the Iowa caucuses, but she did not say what the post accuses her of saying. Clinton has not advocated for shutting down the NRA or banning handguns outright. The  is entirely fabricated. We rate this statement !
Statement: Bryan County, Ga., has "corrupted voter rolls.
Speaker: public interest legal foundation
About the speaker: The Public Interest Legal Foundation uses research and legal measures to prevent voter fraud.
Date: September 25, 2017
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The Public Interest Legal Foundation said Bryan County had corrupted voter rolls because it had more voters registered than the eligible population in the county. The foundation relied on the number of voters listed as inactive to reach that conclusion. That is a worst-case approach that does not account for the reality of voter roll maintenance in Georgia. Based on all the data, there’s no  that the Bryan County rolls are corrupted. The group took a number that reflected an effort to keep the voter rolls current and used it to cast the county in a bad light. The foundation used data selectively and ignored ongoing efforts to clean up the voter rolls to reach an exaggerated conclusion. We rate this  .
Statement: More than half of the births in Texas are paid for by Medicaid.
Speaker: elliott naishtat
About the speaker: Elliott Naishtat, dean of the Travis County legislative delegation, won his first Texas House term in 1990.
Date: March 5, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: children;medicaid
Context: an oped column
Fact-check justification: The Medicaid-funded share of births escalated to 56.5 percent in 2006, 56.3 percent in 2007 and 55.4 percent in 2008. By email, commission spokesman Geoffrey Wool confirmed the cited figures, adding that in 2010, 56.9 percent of Texas births -- or 220,899 out of 388,447 total births -- were covered by Medicaid, at an average cost of $11,600. He provided a commission chart showing the share of births funded by Medicaid for each state fiscal year from 2004 through 2010. Wool said the state’s share of the $2.2 billion annually paid by Medicaid for Texas births and related services is about $900 million. We rate the Democrats’  about Medicaid paying for more than half of Texas births as .
Statement: We're only inches away from no longer being a free economy.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 7, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;new hampshire 2012;regulation
Context: Manchester, N.H
Fact-check justification: It’s  that the government’s footprint on spending has grown over the past few years, due in large part to the recession. But while the statistics show that the government continues to have a large influence on the economy, there is little indication that the government’s role has risen dramatically enough over the past few years to threaten the kind of free market that the U.S. has operated under in recent decades. And international comparisons show that the U.S. ranks low in both total tax burden and high in economic freedom -- at least as measured by a prominent conservative think tank. Last June and August, we found this  to merit a . Nothing has changed our view. We rate Romney's statement . EDITOR’S NOTE : The quote we used from Tevi Troy was made on June 2, 2011. After this article was published, we learned that Troy subsequently joined the Romney campaign as an adviser, according to POLITICO .
Statement: Google and Apple "put a covid tracker on every phone.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: June 24, 2020
Topics: technology;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: A social media rumor claims that Google and Apple "put a covid tracker on every phone." The technology companies created a system that notifies cellphone users when they’ve been exposed to a COVID-19 patient who was enabled the same technology. The system aims to help public health officials slow the spread of the coronavirus by limiting the amount of time infected people who don’t show symptoms unknowingly spread the virus. But the subtext of the Facebook post — that the companies are using the system to track users without their knowledge — is . iPhone and Android users must opt in to the feature, and personal information like location data will not be shared. Only a few states have said they will use the technology to support their contact tracing efforts. The Facebook post is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: When the New York State Senate voted to legalize abortion in 1970, 12 Republican senators voted in favor of it.
Speaker: andrea stewart-cousins
About the speaker: Andrea Stewart-Cousins is the Democratic Leader in the New York State Senate. She represents parts of Westchester County.
Date: May 3, 2022
Location: new york
Topics: abortion
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: When a repeal of the legalization was passed in 1972, he vetoed it .   Our ruling    Stewart-Cousins said that legalization of abortion in New York state was approved with the support of 12 Republicans in the Senate. She missed one vote.  The roll call shows 13 Republicans in the Senate supported the bill.   We rate her statement , because being off by one vote doesn't significantly affect its accuracy.
Statement: Says Joseph Stalin said, "It is enough that the people know there was an election. The people who cast the votes decide nothing. The people who count the votes decide everything.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 21, 2019
Topics: history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: David Brandenberger, an associate history professor at the University of Richmond, said Bazhanov fled the Soviet Union in 1928 and then published his "rather unreliable muckraking memoir in 1930." "Most experts consider Bazhanov’s Stalin quotation to be apocryphal," he said. Another version of this so-called Stalin quote, as Brandenberger called it, is: "In the bourgeois countries, it is not important how they vote, but how they do the counting." Some say Stalin was quoting Napoleon III, Brandenberger said, but there’s no authentic record showing this. We rate this Facebook post as .
Statement: Says he first unveiled his new legislative agenda in Wisconsin, not in California as critics complain
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: November 26, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education;government regulation;state budget;taxes
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Our rating Walker said he outlined his agenda in Wisconsin first, in great detail, before talking about "essentially the same thing" at the Reagan Library. There’s an element of  here. Walker did roll out some of the issues in Wisconsin, but he left out major items he later mentioned in California, on property tax cuts and an unspecified expansion of the school voucher program. In addition, Walker spoke with much greater clarity and revealed more about his "massive" income tax plans out west than he did back home. We rate his statement .
Statement: The federal government spent over $500k trying to force fish to exercise on treadmills, an additional $150k to see if gingerbread houses are earthquake proof.
Speaker: josh mandel
About the speaker: Josh Mandel, a Republican from Lyndhurst, is a Marine veteran who served two tours in Iraq. He served as Ohio treasurer from 2011 to 2019.  Before that, he was a state representative from the 17th Ohio House District. He unsuccessfully challenged Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 US Senate race. Mandel is running for the GOP nomination for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat in 2022.
Date: May 21, 2021
Location: national
Topics: education;federal budget;science
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Mandel warned about wasteful spending, and cited the examples of $500,000 on a treadmill for fish and $150,000 to see if gingerbread houses are earthquake-proof. Waste is in the eye of the beholder, but Mandel failed to notice that the fish experiment was part of research into the evolution of life on land. It ended in 2013. He blamed the federal government for funding a museum class that injected a bit of fun into learning about resilient building design. But he greatly exaggerated the federal impact; Washington covered about $3,400 of the workshop, not the $150,000 he said. Mandel recycled old complaints, and mischaracterized what was funded. We rate this  .
Statement: The average amount of assistance for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program is $6 a day.
Speaker: pramila jayapal
About the speaker: Congresswoman Pramila Jayapal serves in Congress representing Washington’s 7th District.
Date: May 28, 2023
Location: national
Topics: congress;debt
Context: an interview on CNN’s “State of the Union”
Fact-check justification: In fiscal year 2023, the daily average SNAP benefit is $7.58. But that figure includes a pandemic-related emergency allotment that ended in February. After subtracting the emergency allotment, the daily average benefit is now closer to $6, as Jayapal said.   The statement is accurate but needs additional information. We rate it .
Statement: Ohio is losing over 700 family farms a year, some of them just to pay the inheritance tax.
Speaker: jim zehringer
About the speaker: Jim Zehringer, a Republican, is a former state representative from Fort Recovery. A former farmer, he was appointed by Gov. John Kasich to be Ohio's agriculture director.
Date: November 16, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: agriculture;economy;taxes
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: His statement is not far off the annual decline found in Ohio using statistics the USDA prefers. And ultimately, the differences in numbers don’t impact his underlying point. As for the estate tax’s role in the decline, it’s difficult to say exactly how many family farms were lost for that reason. But Cornely, an authority on Ohio agriculture, said his is sure "some" of the loses would be due to taxes. We rate the statement .
Statement: 89,000 children were separated from their parents under Obama" and "only 1,900 children have been separated under Trump.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 25, 2019
Topics: immigration;homeland security;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that "89,000 children were separated from their parents under Obama" and "only 1,900 children have been separated under Trump." Immigration experts have told PolitiFact that family separations under Trump happened at a larger scale than they did under Obama. The Obama administration did not have a "zero-tolerance" policy that led to systematic family separations, as did Trump’s administration. A spokeswoman for Homeland Security previously told PolitiFact that the Obama administration did not track the number of families separated. The Facebook post’s 89,000 number might be a reference to a number of children placed with sponsors during Obama’s administration — but those children arrived alone without a parent or guardian. That doesn’t mean they were separated from their parents. The exact number of children separated under Trump is unclear, but based on previous data provided by Trump officials, the number at least surpasses 1,900. The Facebook post is . We rate it .
Statement: When the Constitution was written, (only) 20 to 25 percent of the people in the country could vote.
Speaker: mark pocan
About the speaker: Mark Pocan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2nd Congressional District on Nov. 6, 2012. He is from Madison and previously served as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin state Assembly. 
Date: April 9, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;history
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: "Catholics were barred from voting in five colonies and Jews in four." On the other hand, O’Shaughnessy said in an interview with writer Ed Crews that by 18th century standards, "Americans enjoyed considerable voting rights," and that even in Britain, with its elections and representative government, voting practices tended to be unfair, uneven, corrupt, and far more restrictive than America's." Our rating Pocan said, "When the Constitution was written, 20 to 25 percent of the people in the country could vote." Pocan’s estimate is defensible based on a variety of sources, with the caveat that this is tough territory for statistical precision. We rate his  .
Statement: There is documentation of bull sharks in the Great Lakes.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 27, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: "There have been no confirmed sightings or captures of bull sharks in the Great Lakes that I’m aware of," Jeff Tyson, the fishery management program manager at the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, told the AP in a story published Aug. 5. In the Instagram video, Galante — a biologist and television personality — also said, "Sharks swimming 1,000 miles from, you know, Louisiana up rivers and getting stuck in the Great Lakes." Sharks traveling from Louisiana would have to traverse the Mississippi River to reach the Great Lakes. But the Shedd Aquarium noted in a 2014 publication that although bull sharks "have been known to ascend the Mississippi River from the Gulf of Mexico as far as St. Louis," locks and dams plus an electric barrier on the Illinois River "would make it next to impossible for even a bull shark to enter the Great Lakes." We rate the  that bull sharks have been documented in the Great Lakes .
Statement: Pasco County "opened 22 new schools over six years to keep pace with growth in student population and implement the class size amendment.
Speaker: heather fiorentino
About the speaker: Heather Fiorentino is the superintendent of Pasco County's public schools. She was elected superintendent in 2004, after serving six years in the Florida House of Representatives and five years on the New Port Richey City Council.
Date: March 1, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: education
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: But when it came time to implement the class size amendment in 2011-12, even with enrollment changed only slightly, the district did not meet the 2002 voter requirement for smaller classes. The state imposed a $4 million penalty against Pasco for its failure to comply, the fourth-highest fine among the 35 districts that did not meet the rule. Fiorentino and the School Board have since submitted a plan to the state Department of Education for meeting the amendment in 2012, which could reduce the punishment. While the district did open many new schools to cope with growth and class size, it didn’t open the same number Fiorentino said and it didn’t meet class size rules every year. We rate this  .
Statement: The president has had 1,540 of his nominations confirmed, only four defeated.
Speaker: mitch mcconnell
About the speaker: Mitch McConnell is a U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the Republican minority leader in the U.S. Senate.
Date: July 14, 2013
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: an interview on 'Meet the Press'
Fact-check justification: McConnell said Obama faced no real problems getting his nominees confirmed by the Senate, saying that only four of 1,540 nominations had been defeated. His office later said he misspoke and the number should have been 1,560. We find he's partially accurate but is leaving out some important details. Yes, it's  that when nominations reach a final vote, the vast majority have been approved by the Senate. But this accounting ignores those who withdrew before a vote, including the estimated 38 who withdrew after Republican opposition. It also does not account for high-profile figures such as Susan Rice who were never nominated because of opposition. We rate the  .
Statement: The Las Vegas shooting was the "273rd mass shooting" in the United States so far in 2017.
Speaker: tammy baldwin
About the speaker: Tammy Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate on Nov. 6, 2012. She represented Wisconsin’s Second Congressional District from January 1999 to January 2013. She served as a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from January 1993 to January 1999. She was a Dane County supervisor from 1986 to 1994 and briefly served on the Madison Common Council, filling a vacancy, in 1986.
Date: October 3, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: crime;government regulation;guns
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Other sources use narrower definitions that yield much lower counts. For a statement that is partially accurate but takes things out of context, our rating is . Note: This item was changed on Oct. 5, 2017 to indicate that, beginning in 2013, Mother Jones changed its definition of mass shooting to three or more victims, rather than four. This change does not affect the rating. div class='artembed'>
Statement: Joe Biden's great-grandfather Joseph J. Biden was a slave-owner and fought" for the Confederacy.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 22, 2020
Topics: candidate biography;history;race and ethnicity;military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a viral image
Fact-check justification: A blog post includes an image that says Biden’s great-grandfather, identified as Joseph J. Biden, was a Confederate soldier who enslaved people.  Biden’s great-great-grandfather was Joseph H. Biden. We found no  to indicate he was in the Confederacy or enslaved people.  We rate the post .