chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Within a few years, we will be spending more on interest payments than on national security.
Speaker: mitch daniels
About the speaker: Mitch Daniels served as director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George W. Bush and is now the governor of Indiana.
 
Date: February 11, 2011
Location: national
Topics: economy;federal budget
Context: a speech to the Conservative Political Action Conference
Fact-check justification: This mathematical sleight-of-hand was not disclosed in Daniels' speech. So he is  that "within a few years, we will be spending more on interest payments than on national security."   It is  that interest on the national debt will grow faster than any other category of federal spending, even Medicare. But the comparison Daniels drew to illustrate that falls short under any reasonable definition of "national security" spending. We rate his statement .
Statement: Social Security and other federal checks may not go out on Aug. 3 if the debt ceiling is not increased.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: July 12, 2011
Location: national
Topics: deficit;federal budget;social security
Context: an interview with CBS News
Fact-check justification: While it's not a certainty that the Obama administration could prioritize cutting checks to seniors, there's a reasonable shot that the administration could do it. On the other hand, doing so would likely cause a lot of collateral damage to other American creditors, federal workers, students, Pentagon vendors and countless others -- and could also hamper the broader economy at a particularly sensitive time. The president is probably justified in saying that the possibility of an un-raised debt ceiling jeopardizes Social Security checks -- after all, it hasn't happened before, so no one knows for sure. But we also think the president probably has tools at his disposal to avoid the worst-case scenario for seniors that he expresses concern about. Acknowledging that there are a lot of uncertainties, we rate his statement .
Statement: Ray Epps confessed to Jan. 6 Committee he 'orchestrated' attack on Capitol
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: December 30, 2022
Location: national
Topics: facebook fact-checks;jan. 6
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post said Epps confessed to orchestrating the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol. During an interview with the House committee investigating the attack, Epps said that he attended the rally, walked to the Capitol and recruited other people to join him. In a text message obtained by the congressional committee investigating Jan. 6, he used the word "orchestrate." But he later said he used that word to express pride about being there and believed in retrospect that it was the  word choice. He did not "confess" to having orchestrated the insurrection. Epps’ use of the word "orchestrate" in a text message is a kernel of  here, but overall this  ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. There is no  Epps took a leading role in planning violence that day. Epps did not enter the Capitol and he is not among the more than 950 people who have been charged with crimes stemming from the day’s events. We rate this .
Statement: Let me splain how 'no payroll taxes' helps you, it doesn't. It helps employers.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: August 9, 2020
Topics: social security;taxes;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims, "Let me splain how ‘no payroll taxes’ helps you, it doesn’t. It helps employers & defunds years of Social Security you already paid." Many observers say it makes life harder for employers, because it’s unclear where things will stand next year after the election. Payroll taxes flow through employers. If they simply let workers keep the money, employers would need to pay back the amount deferred in fairly short order, depending on the next president and Congress. We rate this post .
Statement: Obamacare insurance cooperative failures "should be expected" because they're like any business, and "when you start businesses in America, at the fifth year, half of the businesses have closed.
Speaker: ezekiel emanuel
About the speaker: Ezekiel Emanuel is Vice Provost for Global Initiatives and chair of the Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy at the University of Pennsylvania. He previously served as special adviser for health policy to the director of the White House Office of Management and Budget.
Date: November 3, 2015
Topics: health care;punditfact
Context: a discussion on MSNBC's "Up with Steve Kornacki"
Fact-check justification: Emanuel said the Obamacare insurance co-ops failed at a rate that’s typical for American businesses over a five-year period. The underlying comparison is flawed. While the age of each co-op is subject to debate, we used the Census Bureau’s definition to determine when they were born. Interviews with experts, government audits, and regulators’ actions point to three years as the typical lifespan of a failed co-op. About 50 percent of the co-ops shut down. Compared to the three-year failure rate in America, the co-ops have done much worse -- cratering at a rate that is about 40 percent faster than average. But Emanuel could turn out to be right. We won’t know the five-year rate for the entire group until late in 2016 or early 2017. If the remaining co-ops are still running, then the group’s failure rate will be close to the national average. Emanuel’s statement is accurate regarding the five-year-average but leaves out important details. We rate this  .
Statement: An illegal immigrant who gains admission at a public college takes class space away from students who are legal residents.
Speaker: don balfour
About the speaker: State Sen. Don Balfour is a Republican from Snellville.
 
Date: February 15, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: immigration;education
Context: a committee hearing
Fact-check justification: If a single illegal immigrant snags a spot in a popular course that fills up, legal residents can miss out. However, Balfour’s statement does not acknowledge the fundamental problem, which is tight resources. Given the small number of "undocumented" students, it’s safe to say that most of the time, legal residents are taking the slots away from one another.    Balfour’s statement is accurate but could have used clarification. Therefore it meets the -O-Meter’s definition of .
Statement: Says he's arrested more criminals, "including thousands of child predators and sex offenders," than any previous Texas attorney general.
Speaker: greg abbott
About the speaker: Greg Abbott won election as governor of Texas in November 2014, carrying 59 percent of the vote. Abbott was re-elected in 2018. Abbott, a former member of the Texas Supreme Court, served three terms as the state's attorney general before being succeeded by Ken Paxton in early 2015.
Date: October 13, 2010
Location: texas
Topics: criminal justice;crime;public safety
Context: a campaign television ad
Fact-check justification: Summing up: Abbott's campaign ad stated that he had made "thousands" of arrests. Abbott hasn't personally arrested anyone, but he has put into place criminal investigation units that had taken into custody more than 2,000 "child predators and sex offenders" through mid-October. Legislative actions during the past 20 years lend credence to the  that the arrests outnumber those of his predecessors, though his campaign didn't have data to prove it. By the same token, most earlier attorneys general didn't have the same manpower or authority to make arrests. We rate Abbott's statement .
Statement: You've seen where we're now going from a $700 million surplus to getting into the next biennium with almost a $750 million deficit.
Speaker: mary burke
About the speaker: Burke is a former Trek Bicycle executive and former Wisconsin Commerce Department secretary who announced on Oct. 7, 2013 that she would seek the Democratic nomination for governor in Wisconsin in the fall 2014 election against incument Republican Gov. Scott Walker. She lost to Walker on Nov. 4, 2014. She is a school board member in Madison, Wisconsin.
Date: November 6, 2013
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: His numbers also checked out individually, and his overall point on the big turnaround from red to black in his first budget is correct. But he mixed different ways to define the size of the turnaround, throwing the numbers off a bit. Our rating Burke said the state is going from a $700 million surplus "to getting into the next biennium with almost a $750 million deficit." Her numbers check out, and she properly identifies a big swing in Walker’s budgeting, but -- like Walker’s similar  -- there’s a problem because the two numbers aren’t easily compared. We rate her  .
Statement: Eighty percent of those who have applied for licenses have no cancer, no Parkinson's disease or glaucoma. They have nothing you would associate [with] the use of medical marijuana.
Speaker: patrick kennedy
About the speaker: Patrick Kennedy is a former Democratic congressman from Rhode Island. He served from 1995 to 2011, opting not to seek re-election in 2010 following the death of his father, Massachusetts Sen. Ted Kennedy.
Date: January 8, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: drugs;health care;marijuana
Context: news story
Fact-check justification: Former U.S. Rep. Patrick J. Kennedy said that "eighty percent of those who have applied for licenses have no cancer, no Parkinson’s disease or glaucoma" and that "they have nothing you would associate [with] the use of medical marijuana." Kennedy is right about the comparatively small percentage of medical-marijuana patients who use it for the conditions he named. But he is  that most of those using the drug do so for conditions not associated with it. In fact, states with medical marijuana laws allow use for chronic and severe pain -- the most common conditions cited by patients. Does everyone who has permission to use medical marijuana actually have a  medical need for it? We don’t know, but neither does Kennedy. We rate the statement  . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: When asked about equal pay for women, (Rubio's) quote was that it was a waste of time.
Speaker: patrick murphy
About the speaker: Patrick Murphy won his first seat in 2012 for the U.S. House of Representatives representing District 18 in Florida. Murphy lost a U.S. Senate race against Marco Rubio in 2016. 
Date: October 17, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: labor;women
Context: a U.S. Senate debate
Fact-check justification: Murphy said, "When asked about equal pay for women, (Rubio’s) quote was that it was a waste of time." Rubio did use the expression to describe Democratic efforts to advance the Paycheck Fairness Act. Rubio thought the bill focused too much on allowing workers to sue employers for discrimination, and not enough time focusing on job training and other solutions. That’s not the same as dismissing efforts to close the gender pay gap out of hand. Murphy misrepresented the context of Rubio’s response. We rate Murphy’s statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/94b2ce38-f51a-4520-850d-1879affad57d
Statement: (Big banks) have invested over $300,000 in (Joe Heck), and Heck has sponsored $44 million dollars in tax breaks for banks.
Speaker: senate majority pac
About the speaker: Senate Majority PAC is a super PAC that works to elect Democrats to the U.S. Senate.
Date: July 1, 2016
Location: nevada
Topics: campaign finance
Context: a television ad first airing on July 1
Fact-check justification: A new ad from Senate Majority PAC claims banks "have invested over $300,000 in him, and Heck has sponsored $44 million dollars in tax breaks for banks." The implication that funds raised from the banking industry were an "investment" in Heck is highly . The majority of bank donations came during Heck’s current run for U.S. Senate, nine years after sponsoring a bill that would have lowered the payroll tax rate for banks. Because it’s so , we rate this  .
Statement: Says "the coronavirus was engineered by scientists in a lab.
Speaker: naturalnews.com
About the speaker: NaturalNews.com is an alternative-health website.
Date: February 3, 2020
Topics: corrections and updates;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: Other blogs and social media users have speculated that a lab near Wuhan could be the source of the virus. The Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory is a maximum-security biolab that deals with some of the world’s most dangerous pathogens, including Ebola and SARS. As of now, however, there is no  that the lab is the source of the outbreak. The Natural News article is unsupported by . We rate it .
Statement: Says Texas has "had over 600,000 crimes committed by illegals since 2011. Over 1,200 homicides.
Speaker: ken paxton
About the speaker: As a Republican state senator, Ken Paxton won election as Texas attorney general in 2014. He previously served as a Texas House member from McKinney.
Date: August 26, 2018
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;crime
Context: an interview on Fox & Friends
Fact-check justification: Paxton said Texas has "had over 600,000 crimes committed by illegals since 2011. Over 1,200 homicides." Both of these numbers--which we’ve twice debunked in detail since 2010--exceed what the state estimates by more than 400 percent. DPS-posted figures lately suggest that since mid-2011, Texas-jailed individuals believed to be living in the U.S. without legal permission account for 229 homicide convictions among more than 114,000 convictions across a range of  minor offenses. We rate Paxton's  .  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: As a senator, Barack Obama supported "an amendment that basically gutted the legal temporary worker program.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: July 4, 2010
Location: national
Topics: immigration;this week - abc news;workers
Context: an interview on "This Week."
Fact-check justification: He said that Barack Obama supported an amendment "that basically gutted the legal temporary worker program." Clearly Obama did vote for a bill that would have curtailed the legal temporary worker program, an important part of comprehensive immigration package. Still, Obama did cast other votes to move the bill forward. We feel it's important to note that the vote was not a clear-cut refusal of the entire package. So we rate McCain's statement .
Statement: The result of lockdowns "has been the destruction of millions of lives across America as well as increased deaths from suicide, substance abuse and despair without any corresponding benefit in Covid mortality.
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: February 2, 2021
Location: florida
Topics: health check;coronavirus
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: The pandemic certainly has caused anxiety and distress across the country and state and local restrictions designed to tamp down on the coronavirus’s spread have also affected people’s financial and emotional wellbeing. But currently, no clear data supports DeSantis’ strongly worded . Researchers agreed that more research is necessary before such broad conclusions could be drawn. In addition, experts said that COVID-19 death rates vary by state and numerous factors beyond state strategies to combat the virus affect this metric. We rate the statement .
Statement: Text from someone "connected" to Raleigh police: "antifa may be heading into the wealthy neighborhoods tonight to take what should be theirs.
Speaker: chain message
About the speaker: Anonymous chain messages often circulate on platforms like iMessage, WhatsApp, Snapchat and Facebook Messenger during major news events.
Date: June 2, 2020
Location: north carolina
Topics: fake news
Context: a text
Fact-check justification: A text message circulating through the Raleigh community says "Antifa may be heading into the wealthy neighborhoods tonight to take what should be theirs," one text said. This message is part of a broad network of misinformation across the country. It hasn’t been  in other communities and local authorities said it’s not  in Raleigh, either. We rate this  .
Statement: Says U.S. Rep. Sean Duffy is among seven "Tea Party freshmen" who "spent an average of $15,000 on cars for themselves.
Speaker: scott keyes
About the speaker: Scott Keyes is a reporter for ThinkProgress.org, a web site of the left-leaning Center for American Progress Action Fund. The fund is run by John Podesta, who served as chief of staff for President Bill Clinton.
Date: July 16, 2012
Location: wisconsin
Topics: congress;transportation
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: If he's going to use budget deficits to justify taking food stamps away from poor people, he should at a minimum be willing to lead by example in eschewing his own office expenses (like many of his GOP colleagues who represent much larger districts have done)." Our rating Keyes accused Duffy of using tax money for a car for personal use, saying he is among seven "Tea Party freshmen" who "spent an average of $15,000 on cars for themselves. "   But Duffy leases a bus that is used as a "mobile office," not a car for himself. That makes the  about Duffy  and  and leaves Keyes at this destination: .
Statement: Welders are coming out of their tech schools at $28 an hour" and "pipefitters are making six figures.
Speaker: adam putnam
About the speaker: Adam Putnam lost the Republican primary for Florida governor to U.S. Rep. Ron DeSantis in 2018. A former Republican Congressman from Congressional District 12 in Central Florida, was elected Florida Commissioner of Agriculture on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014.
Date: May 5, 2018
Location: florida
Topics: education;income;jobs
Context: a Republican candidate forum
Fact-check justification: Putnam said "welders are coming out of their tech schools at $28 an hour" and "pipefitters are making six figures." It’s unlikely someone just starting out as a welder or pipefitter will make as much as Putnam said. That said, people who work in the industry say it’s possible to make that much depending on the industry you choose and the amount of training you get. Putnam's figures are overstated for young workers in those fields. We rate this  .
Statement: Texas spends "more per day to house an inmate than we do on a student.
Speaker: virginia "jennie lou" leeder
About the speaker: Virginia "Jennie Lou" Leeder, the 2016 Democratic nominee to represent Texas Senate District 24, has served as chairman of the Llano County Democratic Party since 2007, she said on her campaign website.
Date: October 17, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: criminal justice;education;crime;state budget;states
Context: an interview with the Austin American-Statesman
Fact-check justification: Leeder said Texas spends "more per day to house an inmate than we do on a student." This contention holds up if you divide total costs for prisons versus schools by the 365 days in a year. It’s also narrowly so--by 17 cents a day in 2012, we found--if you limit the school part of Leeder’s comparison to the 180 days in a Texas school year. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check. https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/870006ee-24a2-4c30-be2d-ca62b01eea69
Statement: Portland goon squads were Blackwater contractors not federal officers.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 20, 2020
Location: oregon
Topics: homeland security;facebook fact-checks
Context: a text post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that officers detaining protesters in Portland are from Academi, not the federal government. We found no publicly available  to support that . Homeland Security personnel have been sent to Portland amid ongoing protests against police brutality. Officials say they are backing up the Federal Protective Service to defend public property. The FPS does have thousands of contract security guards. Academi has a contract with the federal government to provide security training for law enforcement officers and first responders, and two related companies have contracts to provide security personnel.  But we could find no statements from public officials, public documents or news reports about the government using contractors in lieu of federal agents to quell protests in Portland. There may well be Academi-linked contractors defending federal buildings in the city, but the Facebook post said they are standing in for federal officers. That  is , and we rate it .
Statement: Since 1980, over 145 incidents have been documented of suction entrapment in swimming pools and spas, including 36 deaths of children.
Speaker: leticia van de putte
About the speaker: Leticia Van de Putte, a pharmacist, was the 2014 Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor. She previously served in the Texas House.
Date: February 16, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: children;consumer safety
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Finally, we sought Texas-specific data. Carrie Williams, a spokeswoman with the Texas Department of State Health Services, told us the agency tabulates pool drownings, but not yet drain entrapments. All told, it looks like Van de Putte understates the 154 people, at least, who have been sucked into a U.S. pool or spa drain. While her backup information didn’t prove that 36 children died as a result, the sources we culled suggest that at least 39 children have perished. We rate her statement as .
Statement: No new COVID-19 cases in Uttar Pradesh, India, due to use of ivermectin
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 1, 2021
Topics: public health;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Claims that Uttar Pradesh reduced its COVID-19 case count by using ivermectin have spread on social media.  While cases appear to have fallen in Uttar Pradesh, it’s not clear why. There is no scientific, randomized controlled study showing that ivermectin led to a reduction in the spread of the virus in Uttar Pradesh. The available research regarding the drug’s use to prevent or treat the virus is either unreliable or inconclusive. Scientists have said that more study is necessary.  We rate this  .