chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: You know we can't just pull out now... The truth of the matter is: If we started today, it would take one year, one year to get 160,000 troops physically out of Iraq, logistically.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: August 23, 2007
Location: national
Topics: iraq
Context: Charleston, S.C
Fact-check justification: U.S. commanders say it would be a lengthy process, and independent military analysts have said it would take about a year to pull U.S. troops out of Iraq safely. It could be done faster, but with larger U.S. casualties and more abandoned equipment, experts say. McClatchy Newspapers has reported that a simulation conducted by the Pentagon since the debate suggested a retreat could take as little as six months, but critics said that estimate is overly optimistic.
 "We must consider the complexity of the threat and deliberately reduce our forces based on the situation on the ground as well as the capability of the Iraqi security forces," Army Lt. Gen. Ray Odierno, the deputy commander of forces in Iraq, said at a briefing this month. "I think the plan will reflect that as we develop it."
Statement: Says George Soros was an "SS in the National Socialist German Workers Party. Nazi Party.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 26, 2016
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The sentence was handed down when Gröning, who died in 2018, was 94 years old. During the Holocaust, he was a corporal in Hitler’s Waffen SS, according to the New York Times’ obituary . Soros, on the other hand, survived the Holocaust. When the Nazis invaded Hungary, Soros’ father obtained a  identity for Soros and sent him to live with an agricultural official who passed him off as his Christian godson, according to the New York Times . We rate this statement !
Statement: Hate speech is not protected by the first amendment.
Speaker: howard dean
About the speaker: Howard Dean is the former chairman of the Democratic National Committee. He was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2004, and was the longtime governor of Vermont before that.
Date: April 20, 2017
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;supreme court
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Dean said, "Hate speech is not protected by the First Amendment." There are some exceptions to the free speech clause in the First Amendment, but "hate speech" is not one of them. The Supreme Court has repeatedly held up the right of an individual or group to engage in speech that much of the public likely finds offensive, like displaying swastikas, burning crosses or protesting a soldier’s funeral. We rate Dean’s  .
Statement: Chicago Public Schools "lead the country in high school graduation of an urban school system," "match the United States of America in kids graduating high school going on to a four-year college," and are "producing eighth-grade leaders in the country in math gains, fourth-grade leaders in reading gains.
Speaker: rahm emanuel
About the speaker: Rahm Emanuel is the mayor of Chicago. He represented the Chicagoland area as a U.S. congressman prior to joining the White House as the first chief of staff in President Barack Obama’s administration. Emanuel also held various posts in the Clinton Administration from 1993 to 1998, and worked as an investment banker in the private sector.
Date: July 26, 2016
Location: illinois
Topics: education
Context: a press event
Fact-check justification: Emanuel’s boasts about reading and math scores compared to other urban districts were accurate. His statement about going on to four-year college was a bit off, but probably not statistically significant. We could not find data to conclusively verify that CPS leads urban districts nationwide in its graduation rate, but it has made dramatic improvement. A similar study from the consortium concludes, "While changes in student demographics account for some of the increase in graduation rates, improvements in student performance in high school — compared to similar students who started high school in the past — accounts for most of the change; students are passing more classes and earning more credits in ninth grade. Not only are more students graduating, but they are leaving high school with higher achievement than graduates in prior years. We rate this  .
Statement: Says "Michael Bennet votes for President Obama's agenda 98 percent of the time. Hardly independent, hardly bipartisan.
Speaker: ryan frazier
About the speaker: Ryan Frazier (Photo: campaign Facebook page)
Date: June 8, 2016
Location: colorado
Topics: bipartisanship;voting record
Context: a GOP U.S. Senate candidates debate
Fact-check justification: Frazier said, "Michael Bennet votes for President Obama's agenda 98 percent of the time. Frazier cited the frequency of Bennet voting with the president as proof he is "hardly independent, hardly bipartisan."   In this case, Bennet is close on the available numbers, but they don’t indicate a blind allegiance to Obama’s agenda, as Frazier argues. CQ data show Bennet voting for the president’s position on legislation an average of 96.57 percent over seven years. That’s just over 1 percentage point below Frazier’s figure. However, the CQ data distorts the senator’s voting record, because a majority of the time the president expresses his position is when a vote involves someone he’s nominated for a federal post. There is also independent support for the view that Bennet is a "bipartisan" lawmaker who works with and votes with Republicans more often than the Senate’s Democratic caucus as a whole. The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/4eba460d-d293-4da3-8c23-fa09fb1c845f
Statement: Under President Barack Obama, income levels and unemployment numbers "are worse now than just about ever" for African-Americans.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 2, 2015
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: an interview on ABC "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Trump said that under Obama, income levels and unemployment numbers "are worse now than just about ever" for African-Americans. Some key statistics for African-Americans, such as unemployment, improved significantly during Obama’s tenure. The ones that stagnated or worsened under Obama are still relatively positive compared to recent history. Trump is  by several important measures. We rate the  .
Statement: Photo shows the BOK Center full with people during Donald Trump's Tulsa rally.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: June 21, 2020
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The account that posted the image did not respond to a request for comment sent via Facebook Messenger. The stage setup in the photo resembles the setup from Trump’s June 2019 rally at the Amway Center in Orlando, Fla. The Facebook user who uploaded the photo also shared posts about the Orlando rally after it happened, including a post from conservative political commentator Glenn Beck that showed what appears to be the same stadium, and from a similar vantage point. Regardless, it’s clear that the Facebook post doesn’t show Trump’s crowd at the BOK Center. We rate this post .
Statement: If you took every penny of the 1 percent, including their dog, you wouldn't even begin to balance the budget.
Speaker: lindsey graham
About the speaker: Lindsey Graham is a U.S. senator from South Carolina. He was a candidate for the Republican nominee for president in 2016.
Date: March 8, 2015
Location: new hampshire
Topics: debt;deficit;federal budget
Context: Concord, N.H
Fact-check justification: Graham said, "If you took every penny of the (richest) 1 percent, including their dog, you wouldn't even begin to balance the budget." Graham has a point if you take it the way his staff suggests he meant to say it. But the talking point (which, to be clear, no one is suggesting as a real policy) came out more broadly. If you use either total wealth or total income -- interpretations we think are at least as plausible given his "every penny" remarks -- Graham is off base. On balance, we rate his  .
Statement: Says some Wisconsin state employee contracts "gave some employees $4 for bringing in their own lunch.
Speaker: maciver institute
About the speaker: The MacIver Institute is a Madison, Wis.-based conservative think tank and news organization.
Date: October 25, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: labor
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: If adopted by the Legislature’s GOP-controlled Joint Commi ttee on Employment Relations , likely in early to mid-November, Walker’s pay plan would take effect Jan. 1, 2012. Our conclusion The MacIver Institute said Walker’s pay proposal would eliminate various state employee contract provisions, including one that "gave some employees $4 for bringing in their own lunch." State dispatchers don’t get $4 just for bringing a lunch to work; the reimbursement applies only when they are required to eat while continuing to work through their lunch period. The statement was accurate but needed some clarification. We rate it .
Statement: Says Joe Donnelly "voted to grant amnesty to millions of illegal immigrants, including criminals, drunk drivers, domestic violence, and worse.
Speaker: one nation pac
About the speaker: One Nation PAC is a conservative political action committee.
Date: August 31, 2018
Location: national
Topics: immigration;voting record
Context: a digital ad
Fact-check justification: One Nation said, "In the Senate, Donnelly voted to grant amnesty to millions of illegal immigrants, including criminals, drunk drivers, domestic violence, and worse." Donnelly’s vote for the immigration bill excluded drunk drivers with multiple offenses and those convicted of domestic violence from the path to citizenship. He voted against an amendment that would have excluded more people charged with such crimes from attaining citizenship. The ad makes it seem that Donnelly purposely protected all undocumented immigrants convicted of domestic violence and drunk driving. The vote he cast still went after them, but in a less severe way than the Cornyn amendment proposed. We rate this statement .
Statement: Starting January 1, 2020, California will tax legal citizens if they don't have health insurance. Why? The state needs to come up with $98,000,000 to pay for free health insurance for illegal aliens.
Speaker: ryan fournier
About the speaker: Ryan Fournier is the founder and co-chairman of Students for Trump.
Date: October 20, 2019
Topics: immigration;health care;homeland security;facebook fact-checks
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Fournier said, "Starting January 1, 2020, California will tax legal citizens if they don’t have health insurance. Why? The state needs to come up with $98,000,000 to pay for free health insurance for illegal aliens." Californians will be required to have health care coverage in 2020, and if they don’t, they’ll pay a tax when they file their state income taxes in 2021. (There are some exemptions.) Revenue from the penalty will be used to pay for subsidies that will become available to Californians to help them reduce the cost of health care coverage. The subsidies will be for Californians who buy insurance through Covered California, the state’s health insurance marketplace. Immigrants in the country illegally are not allowed to purchase insurance through Covered California. California in 2020 will also expand health care coverage for young adults in the country illegally with low income. That’s estimated to cost around $98 million in the first year, drawing about $74 million from the state’s general fund.  Fournier’s statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. We rate it .
Statement: Kim Jong Un killed in (President Donald) Trump's overnight black op attack on North Korea.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 28, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: Internet posts
Fact-check justification: This isn’t the first time TheLastLineOfDefense.org has posted a story that said Kim was dead. The site posted a story on July 6 that said an American sniper had killed the North Korean leader — we ruled that  ! It’s not immediately apparent why the site would post essentially the same story just a couple of weeks apart. We attempted to contact TheLastLineOfDefense.org to see if a fictional assassination of Kim Jong Un would be a regular occurrence on the site, but didn’t get a response. Just like the last time the site killed Kim, we rate this !
Statement: Says that during the Supreme Court campaign, Michael Screnock has "vowed to uphold the platform of the NRA.
Speaker: rebecca dallet
About the speaker: Rebecca Dallet, a Milwaukee County Circuit Court judge, was a prosecutor in the Milwaukee County district attorney's office for 11 years before being elected to the court in 2008. In 2017, she announced she would run in 2018 for a seat on the Wisconsin Supreme Court.
Date: March 2, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;legal issues;guns
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Our rating:  . Tammy Baldwin: 97 percent of gun owners support universal background checks.   Our rating: Our rating:  . Kevin Nicholson: "There are more guns in this country than there are people." Our rating:  .
Statement: Last year, there were nine unarmed black people killed (by law enforcement). Nineteen unarmed white people.
Speaker: larry elder
About the speaker: Larry Elder announced April 20 that he is running as a Republican for president. He lost the California gubernatorial recall election in 2021 and is a conservative radio talk show host.
Date: June 2, 2020
Topics: criminal justice;crime;race and ethnicity;public safety
Context: a Fox News appearance
Fact-check justification: Elder said: "Last year, there were nine unarmed black people killed (by law enforcement). Nineteen unarmed white people." Those numbers matched the Washington Post’s tally of fatal shootings by police in the line of duty, although the Washington Post’s figures have increased since Elder made his .  But not all police killings happen when officers are on duty, and not all involve a gunshot. The Washington Post’s data doesn’t include deaths like Floyd’s, for example. Elder’s  also omitted important context: that black people in the U.S. are disproportionately killed by police relative to their share of the population. Overall, Elder’s statement contained elements of , but it left out important context that would give a different impression.  We rate it .
Statement: Says Patrick "Murphy embellished, according to reports, his University of Miami academic achievement.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: September 13, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Rubio’s TV ad says, "Murphy embellished, according to reports, his University of Miami academic achievement." Murphy has described his University of Miami record in conflicting ways in recent years. On his congressional office and U.S. Senate campaign websites he said he had "dual degrees" when in fact he had a single degree with a double major in two areas of study: accounting and finance. When the Herald/Times pointed out the inaccuracy, his campaign said it was an error and fixed it. Murphy had also referred to "dual degree" at times in the past while other times his websites reflected a single degree. We rate this  .
Statement: Gun violence is the number one killer of children and teens — it has overtaken cars.
Speaker: ashbey beasley
About the speaker: Ashbey Beasley became a national gun safety activist following the Highland Park, Illinois shooting in 2022. 
Date: March 27, 2023
Location: national
Topics: children;crime;guns
Context: a statement to the media
Fact-check justification: Beasley said, "Gun violence is the number one killer of children and teens — it has overtaken cars." CDC data for 2021 shows that for people ages 1 to 19, firearm-related deaths ranked No. 1, followed by deaths from car accidents. That’s for the age range as a whole; it is not the leading cause of death for each age in that group. Firearm-related deaths are far more common among older teenagers than among young children. We rate this statement .  PolitiFact researcher Caryn Baird and Senior Correspondent Louis Jacobson contributed to this report.   RELATED :  suggests billions should go to SWAT in schools. But there’s more to consider RELATED : Gavin Newsom is  right, the US gun homicide rate is 26 times higher than ‘peers’ RELATED : All of our fact-checks about guns
Statement: Energy nominee Steven Chu has called coal "his worst nightmare.
Speaker: james inhofe
About the speaker: James Inhofe is a U.S. Senator representing Oklahoma. He was elected to the Senate in 1994. Prior to that, he was a Congressman from 1987 to 1994. He is the senior Republican member of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee.
Date: December 15, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: So if confirmed as secretary of energy, I will work very hard to extensively develop these technologies, so that the United States and the rest of the world can use it." We watched the video, and this seems like an accurate description of the context of his remarks. So Inhofe's "nightmare" comment is literally accurate, but it divorces Chu's words of important context. Still, there are aspects of coal that genuinely disturb Chu. We deduct points for that lack of context and find Inhofe's charge .
Statement: Says Donald Trump has said he loves war, "including with nukes.
Speaker: priorities usa action
About the speaker: Priorities USA Action is a PAC that is supportive of President Barack Obama.
Date: June 19, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;foreign policy;military
Context: an ad discussed on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: An ad by Priorities USA says Trump says he loves war, "including with nukes." Trump did say the phrase "I love war in a certain way." And Trump has said he wouldn't rule out using nuclear weapons. But that doesn’t mean he is enthusiastic about them. He says they would be the weapon of last resort and that he believes nuclear proliferation to be the "biggest problem, to me, in the world." It's worth noting that the Trump comment used in the ad wasn’t about the United States using nuclear weapons, but about his belief that Japan might be better off if it had nuclear weapons.   Readers can decide for themselves if Trump’s positions are dangerous. But Priorities USA’s ad is missing a bit of context, so we rate it .
Statement: President Obama's bill won't bring down the costs (of health care) for average Americans -- or really for very few Americans, if any.
Speaker: michele bachmann
About the speaker: Michele Bachmann, first elected to the U.S. Congress in 2006, represents the 6th Congressional District of Minnesota. She was reelected in 2008. Previously, she served in the Minnesota State Senate. Prior to that, she spent five years as a federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann and her husband, Marcus, who have five children and have opened their home to 23 foster children, live in Stillwater, Minn., and own a mental health care practice.
Date: March 3, 2010
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: an interview on CNN's Larry King Live
Fact-check justification: Using the strict, unsubsidized figures, 60 percent of Americans in the private insurance market should see their premiums fall. And taking into account the subsidies, a full 70 percent would see their premiums fall. And almost 94 percent would see their premiums either fall or stay the same. No matter how you slice it, the overwhelming majority are likely to see a decline. So we find her  .
Statement: The American people will not support doing anything about people that are in this country illegally until the law is enforced first.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: February 6, 2016
Location: florida
Topics: immigration
Context: New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: Rubio said, "The American people will not support doing anything about people that are in this country illegally until the law is enforced first." Multiple polls have showed that the majority of Americans support some type of status to allow illegal immigrants to remain in the United States -- and some extend that to citizenship. We found one poll that suggested people would like to see border enforcement first, but there are many polls that show straightforward support for legal status. We rate this  .