chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: The number of terrorists out there" has doubled.
Speaker: dick cheney
About the speaker: Dick Cheney served as Vice President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 in the administration of George W. Bush.
Date: June 22, 2014
Topics: terrorism;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Cheney referenced a Rand Corp. report that showed "a doubling of the number of terrorists out there." The report he mentions does not look at all terrorism -- just a branch that has the United States and its interests in its crosshairs and is on the rise. We think it’s clear from his comment that he was referencing the report’s finding that members of Salafi-jihadist groups -- who engage in violent jihad activities -- have doubled. That’s  from 2010 to 2013 based on Rand’s low- and high-end estimates.  We rate his statement . Update (10:45 a.m. June 24) : We've updated this item to make more clear that Cheney was talking about the total number of terrorists, not the number of terrorist groups. Our rating remains .
Statement: Look at the debt that has been accumulated in the last two years. It's more debt under this president than all those other presidents combined.
Speaker: sarah palin
About the speaker: Sarah Palin was the Republican nominee for vice president in 2008. She is also the former governor of Alaska and the author of  Going Rogue: An American Life. Sarah Palin's previous experience includes leading the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and serving as the mayor of Wasilla, Alaska.
Date: May 31, 2011
Location: national
Topics: deficit;federal budget;history
Context: an interview with Fox News' Greta Van Susteren
Fact-check justification: In other words, Cantor didn’t use the two-year timeline that Palin did -- and making that change improves the accuracy of the . But Palin didn’t say that. She said, quite specifically, that Obama had accumulated more debt in two years than the previous 43 presidents had collectively. And while Obama (along with Congress) has indeed accumulated a lot of debt for various reasons, his two-year debt total, even if you use the most generous standards for judging Palin’s comment, is still $3 trillion to $7 trillion short of the amount needed to make Palin’s statement accurate. So we rate her  .
Statement: Says that under his presidency, the unemployment rate has "been below 4% for the longest stretch in 50 years in American history.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: June 28, 2023
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: Chicago
Fact-check justification: Biden said that on his watch, the unemployment rate has "been below 4% for the longest stretch in 50 years in American history." This checks out. But by cutting off the comparison at 50 years, Biden excludes two longer stretches when unemployment was below 4%, in the 1950s and 1970s. Biden’s precise phrasing makes his statement accurate, but it needs clarification. We rate it .
Statement: Chuck Grassley was "voting to slash Medicare" when voting against the debt ceiling bill.
Speaker: abby finkenauer
About the speaker: Abby Finkenauer is a Democrat who served in the House of Representatives representing a district in Iowa. She is running against Sen. Charles Grassley, R-Iowa.
Date: December 9, 2021
Location: iowa
Topics: congress;debt;medicare
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Finkenauer said Grassley’s vote against the combined Medicare extension and debt ceiling meant voting to slash Medicare. Is Finkenauer lying, as Zona tweeted? She is correct about Grassley declining to vote in this instance to stave off a pending Medicare funding cut and, for that matter, about wanting to preserve the Senate’s 60-vote rule. But the legislation did not specifically call for slashing Medicare funding — if a 2% cut fits the definition of slashing — or close the door on finding another way to avoid cutting Medicare funding. The exchange between Finkenauer and Grassley is just the latest example of the two parties forcing their opponents to vote on combinations of measures that force them to choose between voting for something they don’t like, or voting against something they do. If they pursue the latter course, it can be weaponized into campaign attacks. Both parties do this regularly. Figuring out how Congress works through various pieces of legislation and how debate is carried out in a political dispute like this benefits from having context. We rate Finkenauer’s statement to be .
Statement: Orrin Hatch co-sponsored a 1993 health care bill that had an individual mandate.
Speaker: cenk uygur
About the speaker: Cenk Uygur is a contributing host to MSNBC. He also hosts a liberal Internet talk show, "The Young Turks."
Date: February 9, 2011
Location: national
Topics: health care;pundits
Context: MSNBC Live
Fact-check justification: Durenberger said that it was Republicans who had changed in the years since 1993, backing away from policies on health care they once supported. Uygur asked, "Did you know that Hatch co-sponsored the 1993 bill that had an individual mandate?" We didn't, but we checked the record. Hatch was the co-sponsor of a Republican-backed bill that included an individual mandate. We rate Uygur's statement .
Statement: Antifa" is to blame for storming the U.S. Capitol.
Speaker: shannon grove
About the speaker: Shannon Grove of Bakersfield is the California State Senate Republican Leader.
Date: January 6, 2021
Location: california
Topics: criminal justice;elections;crime
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: America guarantees the freedom of speech and to protest, but this is not the way to settle differences. Enough. "  We rated Grove’s tweet about antifa .    – The statement is not accurate and makes a  .
Statement: A video shows the deadly Jan. 15 plane crash in Nepal.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: January 16, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: It was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook and Instagram.) Video footage and still images published by news outlets including The Associated Press rebut the Facebook post’s  that this crash happened in Nepal. Rather, the video showed a prototype military plane that crashed outside Moscow in August 2021, killing three people.   We rate claims the video is of the Nepal crash .
Statement: Only a court can decide that somebody is incompetent to vote" -- the state Election Commission "cannot force facilities, private facilities, to allow special voting deputies" inside.
Speaker: meagan wolfe
About the speaker: In 2019, the state Senate confirmed Meagan Wolfe as the leader of the state Elections Commission, more than a year after she started the job.
The Republican-controlled Senate voted unanimously to confirm Wolfe. Wolfe was appointed by the bipartisan Elections Commission and started working in March 2018 when Republican Scott Walker was governor.
Date: November 5, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: disability;elections;legal issues
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: Wolfe said "Only a court can decide that somebody is incompetent to vote" -- the state Election Commission "cannot force facilities, private facilities, to allow special voting deputies" inside. There is little, if any debate on the first part -- declarations of incompetency are the purview of the courts, not election officials or anyone else. On the second part, Wolfe is on target, but in making the  muddies the waters a bit on the issue at hand. At issue is whether ballots could be mailed directly to nursing homes. No one has argued the state could have -- or should have -- forced such facilities to change policies and let deputies inside. For a statement that is accurate but needs clarification or additional information, our rating is . Editor's note: This item was updated on Nov. 29, 2021 to note that local election officials, not the state elections commission, actually sends out absentee ballots. The change does not affect the rating.
Statement: Rand Paul wants "to end all federal faith-based initiatives, and even end the deduction for religious charities.
Speaker: jack conway
About the speaker: Jack Conway has been the Attorney General of Kentucky since 2008. He unsuccessfully ran against Rand Paul as the Democratic nominee in Kentucky’s 2010 U.S. Senate election.
Date: October 15, 2010
Location: national
Topics: message machine 2010;religion;taxes
Context: a campaign commercial
Fact-check justification: We don't see  that Paul made the religious-charity exemption a target of his opposition. His opposition, such as it was, would have been part of his support for a broader, fundamental tax overhaul. So we think Conway's decision to focus on this narrow aspect of the Fair Tax is . All told, then, Conway is close to accurate on both claims but with a slight exaggeration on the question of religious tax exemptions. Keeping in mind that we're not rating the "Aqua Buddha" portion of the ad, we rate the two policy statements .
Statement: ''Over 40 percent of African-American men in (Milwaukee County) have been going to prison for low-level drug offenses, and I think a hundred times that in the city of Madison.
Speaker: david crowley
About the speaker: State Rep. David Crowley was elected in 2016 to the Wisconsin Assembly, representing the 17th District which encompasses much of Milwaukee’s Northwest side.
Date: February 24, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: drugs;crime;marijuana
Context: a TV interview
Fact-check justification: Meanwhile, Wisconsin Department of Corrections data shows that the number of black offenders admitted to prison who were convicted in Milwaukee County, and whose most serious offense was a drug offense, has  been declining since 2009: 2009 — 510 offenders 2010 —  505 2011 — 361 2012 — 291 2013 — 251 2014 — 245 2015 — 219 2016 — 237 2017 — 235 2018 — 236 The number for 2018, the most recent year available, is about 54 percent lower than 2009. Our rating Crowley said ''Over 40 percent of African-American men in my county have been going to prison for low-level drug offenses, and I think a hundred times that in the city of Madison." He was off on several levels -- from incorrectly applying the Milwaukee County number to only low-level offenses, to massively jumbling the Milwaukee County-to-Madison comparison. His own aide acknowledged Crowley "misspoke." For a statement that is not accurate, our rating is .
Statement: A study of where teachers apply to work found that "less than 5 percent wanted to work in rural Wisconsin.
Speaker: tony evers
About the speaker: Tony Evers, a Democrat, was elected Wisconsin governor in November 2018. His term begins in January 2019. Evers has served as the Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction, a non-partisan position, since 2009. He previously worked as a teacher and school district administrator.
Date: March 10, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: education
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: They have the same number of applicants, on average, with similar levels of experience, certification, advanced degrees and competitiveness of undergraduate institution. Our rating Evers claimed a study of where teachers apply to work found that "less than 5 percent wanted to work in rural Wisconsin." The study found that schools in cities, suburbs or towns all draw more interest than rural districts, but Evers badly overstated the case. We rate his  . div class='artembed'>
Statement: Gov. Bill Haslam is "making our Economic Development department Sharia compliant" by hiring a woman "who specializes in Sharia compliance. That's what her job is.
Speaker: woody degan
About the speaker:  
According to his website" Woody Degan was born in Memphis, TN and has spent the vast majority of his life in unincorporated areas of East Shelby County between Germantown and Collierville. For thirteen of the past fifteen years, he has been domiciled at a Collierville, TN address and has spent his money accordingly."
Date: June 28, 2012
Location: tennessee
Topics: economy;religion
Context: an interview with The Commercial Appeal
Fact-check justification: A candidate in the Republican primary for state Senate made strong charges aimed at the state’s economic development department, saying that it had hired a woman specializing in Sharia law in order to make the department Sharia compliant. But even Degan admits he has no . The department itself strongly denies the allegations and says Ali will have no involvement in Sharia compliance or Sharia transactions. Whether some like Degan in the Republican party feel it is necessary to attack the governor’s office for hiring a Muslim is up to them, but for making a  that lacks , we rate Degan’s statement !
Statement: Over 40 percent of small and mid-size banks that loan money to small businesses have been wiped out since Dodd-Frank has passed.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: August 6, 2015
Location: national
Topics: financial regulation
Context: the first GOP primary debate
Fact-check justification: Rubio said, "Over 40 percent of small and mid-size banks that loan money to small businesses have been wiped out since Dodd-Frank has passed." Rubio’s figure is overstated for the time frame he gives. The highest estimate we found shows a 16 percent decline in the past five years -- less than half of what he said. The trend Rubio describes began decades before Dodd-Frank became law in 2010. Even then, experts say a host of factors other than Dodd-Frank are at play.   We rate his  .
Statement: Israel has seen a "90 percent reduction in terrorist attacks" that it attributes to building a 500-mile fence.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: August 15, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: israel;foreign policy;terrorism
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: A report from the Jewish Virtual Library showed a 90 percent reduction in terrorism, and the Israeli government does cite the fence as the reason for the drop. But the data used is outdated and once more recent years are added, the drop since 2002 is more like 50 percent. What’s more experts say the barrier is but one reason for the decline. Walker’s  is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. That’s our definition of .
Statement: About 2 percent of Americans get paid the minimum wage.
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: December 8, 2013
Location: national
Topics: economy;poverty;workers
Context: an interview on ABC’s "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Portman said that "about 2 percent of Americans get paid the minimum wage." He didn’t word the statement with complete accuracy; he would have been better off saying that, according to official statistics, "about 2 percent of American workers get paid at or below the federal minimum wage." Still, his number is close to accurate, and his general point -- that workers who are paid the federal minimum-wage represent a small percentage of the entire working population -- is backed up by official data. We rate his  .
Statement: George Soros was an SS officer.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 18, 2018
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a post on Facebook
Fact-check justification: "The official’s job included taking inventory of a confiscated Jewish-owned property," according to the story. "He took George with him. These episodes have become the basis for the  that George was a Nazi collaborator. In fact, though, there is no credible  that he collaborated with or was sympathetic to Nazis." We rate this statement !
Statement: Says Brendan Kelly "allowed half of the criminals he faced to walk free" and "failed to protect women who were violently assaulted," allowing "those guilty of sexual assault to cut inexcusable plea deals.
Speaker: mike bost
About the speaker: Mike Bost is a U.S. representative from Illinois.
Date: October 22, 2018
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Bost says that Kelly "allowed half of the criminals he faced to walk free" and "failed to protect women who were violently assaulted," allowing "those guilty of sexual assault to cut inexcusable plea deals." Bost’s campaign did not provide precise information when we asked repeatedly, but we found it anyway. If probation is viewed as letting a criminal walk free, Kelly is guilty -- as are prosecutors throughout Illinois. Very few counties had the opposite trend. Similarly, we also found, based on data from the Belleville News-Democrat as well as federal court data, that Bost’s general use of plea bargains is within the norms of state and national plea bargain rates. As for the ad’s  that Kelly "failed to protect women," Bost’s campaign said it based this on court cases. The information it sent us showed four men getting probation rather than prison. The information does not provide any nuances in the prosecution of each case. With all this in mind, we find Bost’s numbers are fine but shade the  substantially about prosecution across his state. There are undoubtedly critics of the way Kelly has handled cases, just as there are people who praise him. This is a lot context to consider. Based on what we could measure and on the principles of the -O-Meter --- specifically, the rating for a  that contains an element of  but is  -- we rate this .
Statement: I waited until (the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement) had actually been negotiated" before deciding whether to endorse it.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: February 4, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;history;trade
Context: comments during the New Hampshire Democratic debate
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "I waited until (the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement) had actually been negotiated" before deciding whether to endorse it. As secretary of state and a member of the Obama administration, it was Clinton's job to promote the deal, even if it wasn't finalized. Nonetheless, her comments at the time were so positive and so definitive, it becomes disingenuous to argue, as she's doing now, that she didn't endorse the deal before it was finalized. We rate her statement .
Statement: Education Secretary Betsy DeVos owes Ohio $5.3 million for campaign finance violations and Mike DeWine's office refuses to collect the fine.
Speaker: richard cordray
About the speaker: Richard Cordray is running for Ohio governor in 2018. Cordray was appointed as the first director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau during President Barack Obama's administration. He is the former attorney general of Ohio and a Democrat.
Date: July 25, 2018
Location: ohio
Topics: education;legal issues
Context: a Facebook ad
Fact-check justification: Cordray said, "Education Secretary Betsy DeVos owes Ohio $5.3 million for campaign finance violations, and Mike DeWine's office refuses to collect the fine." The All Children Matter PACs were fined in 2008, and that was upheld by the courts. The PACs ultimately closed, and they never paid the fines. But Cordray makes it sound like DeWine ignored the whole matter, and that’s not the case. He got a court judgment that upheld the fines against the PACs. But by then, there was nothing for DeWine to go after. The fines were ultimately the responsibility of the PACs, not DeVos personally. The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this statement .
Statement: Poverty levels (are) at an all-time high.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: January 7, 2013
Location: national
Topics: poverty
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: The numbers do not entirely support Sanders’ . The best  in his favor is that the raw numbers of Americans in poverty hit an all-time high in 2010, at least since records have kept. However, they fell modestly in 2011, the most recent year available. Meanwhile, the sweeping nature of Sanders’ comment -- that "poverty levels (are) at an all-time high" -- is problematic. If you factor in population growth, the rate of Americans in poverty in 2011 was only the 10th-highest since 1959. And it’s impossible to know how many years prior to 1959 were higher, including the Great Depression. On balance, we rate Sanders’  .
Statement: The last major oil spill from a drilling accident in America happened over 40 years ago in 1969.
Speaker: eric johnson
About the speaker: Lobbyist Eric Johnson, a Republican, is a former Georgia state senator.
Date: June 7, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: energy;oil spill
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: While the nation's largest oil well blowout did take place in 1969, it's not factually correct to call it the "last major oil spill." First of all, two of the largest blowouts in the world took place in the U.S. the following year. More importantly, experts agree that spills far smaller in volume to the 1969 disaster have been devastating. From a scientific perspective, Johnson's decision to single out the 1969 blowout as the last "major" one makes no sense. We rate Johnson's  .