chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: In New York, you need to show identification to buy whipped cream, but not to vote.
Speaker: social media
About the speaker: logo
Date: August 30, 2022
Location: new york
Topics: elections;food;voter id laws
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: Social media posts  that you need an ID to purchase whipped cream in New York, but you don’t need an ID to vote there.  Identification is not necessary to purchase cans of whipped cream. Some stores misinterpreted a new law meant to curb young adults’ abuse of nitrous oxide via whipped cream chargers — not whipped cream cans — and required an ID. Further communication from the bill’s sponsor has cleared the confusion. New York requires identification when people register to vote, but not when they cast their ballots. If the Board of Elections cannot verify voters’ identities before Election Day, those voters must present identification when they vote. Voters who do not have identification won’t be turned away but will be asked to cast affidavit, or provisional ballots.  We rate this  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: January 24, 2016
Location: national
Topics: climate change;science
Context: an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Sanders said that Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese." Trump did tweet that view in 2012. Whether Trump still feels that way is less clear. Asked about it recently, the real estate developer called it a joke. However, Trump has repeatedly called climate change a "hoax" in speeches, tweets and media appearances, and while he hasn’t necessarily repeated the charge that China "invented" climate change, he has said as recently as Jan. 18, 2016, that action on climate change "is done for the benefit of China." We rate the  .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "always pays his bills promptly.
Speaker: phil ruffin
About the speaker: Phil Ruffin is American businessman known for his interest in casinos, real estate and oil production.
Date: July 20, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: Cleveland
Fact-check justification: Ruffin said that Donald Trump "always pays his bills promptly." But the USA Today investigation found a large number of lawsuits -- at least 60, plus hundreds of liens, judgments and other filings -- because people have accused Trump of failing to pay for services rendered or products delivered. The complaints even come from law firms that had formerly represented Trump in these types of lawsuits. "Always" is a strong word, so if even just a tiny fraction of the cases uncovered by USA Today are accurate, that would be enough to make Ruffin’s statement . We rate the statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/5f7a5f4d-5f98-461a-9616-33d2d48c26df
Statement: Photo shows a highway in Houston.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 18, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: It shows the G4 Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway, which boasted 50 lanes when that picture was snapped — not 26. The Katy Freeway in Houston is big, and in 2016 we fact-checked a  that it was the widest freeway in the world. Our conclusion: Katy Freeway, a Houston portion of Interstate 10, has 13 lanes at its widest (not counting frontage roads). There’s a wider freeway in Canada, and, of course, the pictured behemoth Beijing.   We rate claims this photo shows a Houston freeway .
Statement: Computer models show Irma destroying New York City on Sept. 10.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: September 5, 2017
Topics: environment;fake news;punditfact
Context: an Internet post
Fact-check justification: This post was tagged under "conspiracies," grouped with wild stories about the Illuminati and Earth’s impending destruction. The story’s author did not respond to our requests for comment, but clarified he was not a weather expert in the post: "As a layman, I know the models can turn out to be . Sometimes even WAAAAAAAAAYYYY . But if this model is right, then we in New Jersey (where I live) and folks in New York City, had better start preparing to EVACUATE within the next 7-8 days." We rate this  !
Statement: Italian Parliament Calls For The Arrest of Bill Gates
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 15, 2020
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "  Cunial’s speech was interrupted by vocal objections from other members of parliament who appeared to disagree with her viewpoint. This further suggests that Cunial’s calls for the Gates to be charged with crimes against humanity are not widely supported by the Italian government. We rate this  . Correction, May 26, 2020:  This story was corrected to reflect that Cunial was expelled from the Five Star Movement party in 2019.
Statement: A 2022 video shows "Ukrainian and Russian soldiers face to face.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: February 25, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks;ukraine;russia
Context: posts
Fact-check justification: It is seven years old. BBC News Turkey shared the footage on Youtube on March 4, 2014. According to the BBC article , the video depicts pro-Russian troops who seized an airbase firing "warning shots" to prevent some 300 unarmed Ukrainian soldiers from approaching.   The tense standoff occurred as Russia annexed Crimea in 2014. We rate claims that the footage depicts the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine .
Statement: The immune system does not exist.
Speaker: tiktok posts
About the speaker: Posts on the video-sharing platform TikTok.
Date: July 8, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a TikTok post
Fact-check justification: According to Cleveland Clinic, the lymphatic system is part of the immune system. It’s a network of tissues, vessels and organs that move a fluid called lymph through the human bloodstream and protects the human body from illness-causing invaders, such as bacteria, parasites and viruses.   The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia likens the immune system to a police force: "it patrols everywhere, and if it finds a disturbance, it calls for backup." If the immune system is a police force, the hospital says, "lymph nodes are their stations. "   We rate claims that the immune system doesn’t exist .
Statement: If folks are vaping a legal medical cannabis product that comes from any of the New York state operators, they will not have to worry about the negative impacts on their lungs.
Speaker: crystal peoples-stokes
About the speaker: Crystal D. Peoples-Stokes has been a member of the Assembly since 2003, and became majority leader in 2019. She lives in Buffalo.  
Date: October 9, 2019
Location: new york
Topics: public health;marijuana
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: Peoples-Stokes said that people who used medical marijuana obtained from approved operators in New York shouldn’t worry about the negative impact on their lungs.  While state and federal public health officials have not found a link between medical marijuana from regulated operators and lung injury cases, they recommend caution when it comes to vaping. The Centers for Disease Control recommends people do not use e-cigarette or vaping products that contain THC and consider refraining from using all e-cigarette and vaping products. The state is telling people to stop using vape products until the cause of the lung illnesses are known, and is urging medical marijuana patients to consider alternatives to vaping while its investigation is underway.   Public health researchers have found that it’s unclear whether vaping is safe or not, even if the user is vaping a regulated substance such as medical marijuana.  We rate Peoples-Stokes’ statement .
Statement: Says Donald Trump "proposes cutting a half a billion dollars of local police support.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: August 23, 2020
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;crime
Context: an interview with ABC News
Fact-check justification: Biden said that Trump proposes cutting half a billion dollars from local police support. According to the Trump administration’s budget requests, Biden’s number is about right.  The biggest area of interpretation is what counts as local police support. There is no question that Trump proposed a $170 million cut for the program that subsidizes community police initiatives, Community Oriented Policing Services. Beyond that, the Justice Department offers a wide range of programs. Some provide direct aid to local law enforcement, but some do not. One expert we reached said most of these programs do provide direct aid. Another said they all aim to advance public safety at the local level. The  is largely accurate but requires additional information. That’s our definition of .
Statement: McCain called for less regulation 21 times just this year.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 29, 2008
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: North Carolina
Fact-check justification: I believe that government has to be part of the solution. I mean, regulation and oversight has to be absolutely essential. Teddy Roosevelt said unbridled capitalism leads to corruption." Still, between the 14 explicit and six implied calls for deregulation the Obama campaign cited, plus the four explicit calls we found, Obama was on fairly solid ground with this . We find it .
Statement: A University of Texas "student pulled out a concealed handgun" on a knife-wielding suspect "and made him back down.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: May 2, 2017
Location: texas
Topics: education;crime;guns
Context: a web post on ihavethetruth.com
Fact-check justification: A web blog said a UT student used a concealed gun to help police stop knife attacks on the campus. In a week-plus after the attacks, there were no credible news reports or law-enforcement confirmations of this  which looks to us like it was bandied by pro-gun advocates presuming or perhaps wishing it was so. !  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  . Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: An Ohio doctor died from a COVID-19 vaccine.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 5, 2021
Location: ohio
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: However, comments about the COVID-19 vaccine that were left on the tribute page appeared to have been deleted after PolitiFact contacted the business.   And Flanigan’s wife, Amy Flanigan, told USA Today that his death was not related to the vaccine. Her husband died from an undiagnosed aortic dissection, she said. The often fatal condition happens when the inner layer of the aorta tears. We rate claims that he died from the COVID-19 vaccine .
Statement: Average families are spending roughly $2,000 more a year on energy costs. ... It's like a $2,000 energy tax in just the last seven years, more than three times what the typical American family received from the Bush tax cuts.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: November 19, 2007
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Knoxville, Iowa
Fact-check justification: To do that kind of a calculation, over so many years, one would have to account for changing tax laws, inflation, income changes, energy use, driving patterns, what people bought, even the weather. In short, it's not a number that is tracked by the Energy Information Administration or the Tax Policy Center. Maybe the Clinton campaign did all of that, but if so they're not sharing it with us. We're left with somewhat accurate numbers from Clinton (judging by one report) that tell only part of the story of energy costs vs. tax savings. At our generous best, we can only give her a .
Statement: I don't know who (Jonathan Gruber) is.
Speaker: nancy pelosi
About the speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi represents a district in California. She served as speaker of the U.S. House January 2019-2021. Formerly the speaker of the House from 2007-11, Pelosi served as the House minority leader from 2003 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019.
Date: November 13, 2014
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Pelosi said, "I don't know who (Jonathan Gruber) is." Video showing Pelosi citing Gruber’s work offers the clearest  that she did indeed know who he was, and even her office now acknowledges that she meant to say that she didn't know Gruber personally. Even if the latter is , that’s not what she said at the press conference, so we rate her  .
Statement: Anywhere in the world, when someone uses a mobile phone, e-mail, the Internet or GPS, they are enjoying the benefits of the American miracle.
Speaker: marco rubio
About the speaker: Marco Rubio, a U.S. senator from Florida, was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016 and then dropped out and won re-election to the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in 2010 and took office Jan. 5, 2011. Rubio served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008 and is a former Speaker of the Florida House. He served on the West Miami City Commission from 1998 to 2000. He is from Miami and holds a law degree from the University of Miami.
Date: June 14, 2011
Location: florida
Topics: science;technology
Context: his first speech on the U.S. Senate floor
Fact-check justification: Stein was most concerned about the non-American role in the development of the Internet, especially the substantial contribution of England's Berners-Lee. It’s also important to note in the context of Rubio’s "only in America" rhetoric that while the United States led, it wasn’t alone in its innovation. Other nations’ researchers contributed to the early Internet; commercial mobile phone networks were available overseas before they were in America; other nations operate satellite navigation systems. But in these areas and many others, Americans can  primacy. We rate Rubio’s statement, that "when someone uses a mobile phone, e-mail, the Internet or GPS, they are enjoying the benefits of the American miracle," .
Statement: People vaccinated for COVID-19 "do not spread the disease to anyone else.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: December 14, 2021
Location: national
Topics: coronavirus
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Biden said Dec. 14 that people vaccinated for COVID-19 "do not spread the disease to anyone else." White House officials did not respond to our email asking for , but Biden’s statement conflicts with information by the CDC that it is "likely that vaccinated people with breakthrough infection or people infected without symptoms can spread the virus to others." While the information from the CDC presentation was a couple of days after Biden spoke, it echoes what the CDC said in August about the potential for vaccinated people to transmit the virus. Experts told us that getting vaccinated protects individuals from severe cases including hospitalization and death and reduces the chance of transmission, but Biden went too far when he suggested that vaccination completely eliminates the chance of transmission. We rate this statement . RELATED : Events within and beyond Joe Biden’s control stymied progress on COVID-19 in his first year RELATED : No, public health officials aren’t passing off common cold as omicron variant
Statement: In Milwaukee, "murder is up an astonishing 57 percent.
Speaker: jeff sessions
About the speaker: Jeff Sessions is President Donald Trump's Attorney General. He was previously a U.S. Senator from Alabama.
 
Date: December 18, 2017
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;crime;public safety;urban
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: The FBI’s count of homicides in Milwaukee in 2016 -- the latest year for which FBI figures are available -- was 57 percent higher than it was two years earlier, in 2014. Clearly, murders are higher since 2014. But that paints a  picture of the current situation. Using an up-to-date two-year comparison, homicides in 2017, while still higher than in 2014, were about 20 percent lower than they were in 2015. For a statement that has an element of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, our rating is .
Statement: Say televangelist Pat Robertson said some young people "are doing all kinds of unnatural things with their sex organs. When people do that, they transfer all kinds of chemicals from ladies' private parts and that's where I think the (corona)virus came from.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: April 5, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: social media posts
Fact-check justification: A viral tweet attributed a quote to Robertson saying he believed oral sex and "lady parts" caused COVID-19.  This originated from a satire website. We rate this tweet .
Statement: It used to be that the only children at school who weren't vaccinated were those who had true medical" conditions. "Now there are 19 states that allow personal belief exemptions.
Speaker: richard besser
About the speaker: Dr. Richard Besser is ABC News' Chief Health and Medical Editor. 
Date: February 1, 2015
Topics: health care;public health;punditfact
Context: comments on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Besser said, "It used to be that the only children at school who weren't vaccinated were those who had  medical" conditions, but "now there are 19 states that allow personal belief exemptions." Besser, a pediatrician, is right about the number of states that allow exemptions to state vaccination laws for personal beliefs. But his history lesson about vaccination laws of yesteryear is not as accurate. States have consistently provided religious exemptions alongside medical exemptions, and five predominantly Midwestern states allowed parents to seek exemptions for any reason even in the 1960s. His  is partially accurate, so we rate the  . Clarification: This post has been updated to better reflect how Elena Conis said the modern anti-vaccine movement began.
Statement: A quarter of our guns are sold outside of the background checks.
Speaker: steve bullock
About the speaker: Steve Bullock is governor of Montana. Bullock was elected governor in 2012 and was ree-lected in 2016. From 2009 to 2013, Bullock served as attorney general of Montana. He received a bachelor’s degree in politics, philosophy and economics from Claremont McKenna College and a J.D. from Columbia Law School. In 2019, he announced he is running for the Democratic nomination for president.
Date: March 7, 2018
Location: wisconsin
Topics: government regulation;polls and public opinion;guns
Context: Milwaukee
Fact-check justification: That’s close to Bullock’s figure. But it takes into account people who acquired guns either by purchasing them, or by simply receiving them, for example as a gift. Among those surveyed who had purchased a gun within the previous two years, only 13 percent said they had done so without a background check. We rate Bullock’s  . Go here for a review of our other gun fact checks since Parkland.
Statement: $29 is what "families on SNAP (i.e. food stamps) have to live on for a week.
Speaker: gwyneth paltrow
About the speaker: Gwyneth Paltrow is an actress who founded the lifestyle website GOOP. In 1999, she won an Oscar for her role in Shakespeare in Love. In 2013, she released a cookbook, My father's daughter.
Date: April 9, 2015
Topics: federal budget;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Paltrow pointed to $29 worth of groceries as what "families on SNAP (i.e. food stamps) have to live on for a week." It’s clear Paltrow is trying to do a good thing. But her specific  falls short. SNAP is not intended to feed families by itself. It is designed to help people with low incomes meet a government-approved budget for food by providing a benefit that helps them get there, sometimes in conjunction with other sources of meals, such as school food programs, and financial support. The government expects SNAP beneficiaries to spend 30 percent of their own income on food. That expectation is what makes the $29 a week figure look so low. A single person with no income could receive about $48 a week in SNAP benefits (65 percent more than Paltrow stated) and would not factor in other types of government support. We rate the  .