chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Photo shows packed beach of re-opened Jacksonville Beach on CNN.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 19, 2020
Location: florida
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The image also isn’t even from the United States. It was captured on Copacabana beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on July 28, 2013 , for a mass held by Pope Francis during a weeklong visit to the country. About 3 million people attended, according to news reports .   Despite what recent posts on social media might say, the photo has nothing to do with CNN, Florida or beaches currently reopening in the U.S. We rate it !
Statement: Veterans' unemployment is actually now lower than (the) general population. It was higher when I came into office.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 22, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs;veterans
Context: Boca Raton, Fla
Fact-check justification: Obama said, "Veterans’ unemployment is actually now lower than (the) general population. It was higher when I came into office." Whether you’re talking about all veterans or just those who served after 9/11, Obama gets one number right but one number . So we rate his  .
Statement: House Republicans are ramming through legislation ... to classify pizza as a 'vegetable' for the purpose of school lunches.
Speaker: democratic national committee
About the speaker: The Democratic National Committee is the national organization of Democrats.
Date: November 17, 2011
Location: national
Topics: education;public health
Context: an e-mail message
Fact-check justification: They did fight for the classification for the sauce on the pizza and blocked a move by the Obama administration to boost the amount of tomato paste needed to count as a serving of vegetables. But they didn't try to classify "pizza" as a vegetable. And even the amount of tomato paste required, just two tablespoons, packs nearly the nutritional punch of a half-cup of other foods we consider healthy. That's a pretty important detail to omit. We call the Democrats'  .
Statement: Says she does the jobs of state auditor, secretary of state and lieutenant governor "for less than the price of one of them" in Washington state.
Speaker: kate brown
About the speaker: Kate Brown is Oregon's governor. She previously served as secretary of state.
Date: May 1, 2012
Location: oregon
Context: a television interview
Fact-check justification: "I think it's fair to say the three for one is not an apples to apples comparison," she said. "I think it's particularly compelling in that it sort of lets Oregonians know what a lean sort of operating machine Oregon state government is when you compare us to other states." We think her general gist is accurate, Oregon gets by with fewer elected officials. But the statement that she does three jobs for the price of one ignores some critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate this  .
Statement: Then, the Republican leader theatrically introduced new bills with stopgap budget language, declaring that we could stay until midnight and pass this compromise. Except under our constitution, a bill has to be read on 3 different days, so that's not possible.
Speaker: kelly cassidy
About the speaker: Rep. Kelly Cassiday, D-Chicago, represents the 14th House District in the Illinois General Assembly.
Date: May 31, 2016
Location: illinois
Topics: state budget
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Cassidy said Rauner "theatrically introduced new bills with stopgap budget language, declaring that we could stay until midnight and pass this compromise. Except under our constitution, a bill has to be read on 3 different days, so that's not possible." She is correct from a strict interpretation of the rules in the state constitution, in which it takes a minimum of five calendar days from introduction to passage of a bill. But the Illinois Constitution in theory and Illinois lawmaking in practice at times operate more as distant cousins than identical twins. As Wheeler notes, the use of "shell" or "vehicle" bills is a common practice in Springfield, and Madigan and Cullerton used the procedure to make SB 2047 into the stopgap plan a few weeks later -- when Democrats and Republicans managed a fragile truce in their ongoing battle. Cassidy is no novice in the workings of the General Assembly. Before joining the House in 2011, she had served as a legislative aide to Cullerton and a lobbyist for the Cook County State’s Attorney’s Office. It’s reasonable to believe she should have known it was highly unlikely that the General Assembly would have no shell bills available in the final hours before the budget deadline. As Republican Leader Radogno said on May 31, "Where there’s a will there’s a way." We rate this statement .
Statement: If you look up the dictionary definition of happiness at the time of our founders … happiness was not doing what you want to do but doing what you ought to do.
Speaker: rick santorum
About the speaker: Rick Santorum is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2012.
Date: February 29, 2012
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: a speech near Knoxville, Tenn
Fact-check justification: Santorum said, "If you look up the dictionary definition of happiness at the time of our founders … happiness was not doing what you want to do, but doing what you ought to do." We took him up on that and checked two dictionaries that would have been in Jefferson’s library and one published after the fact with historical references and found no such mention. Although we did read work by philosopher John Locke that might be read as supporting part of Santorum's assertion, Locke went on to say that happiness means different things to different individuals. And historians told us that the notion that happiness means doing your duty or "doing what you ought to do" ran counter to Jefferson's nature and to the nature of other founders. We rate his  .
Statement: Mike Dovilla's big ideas like expanding the Ohio Motion Picture Tax Credit, which helped bring films like 'The Avengers' to Cleveland, have helped make our state No. 1 in the Midwest for job creation.
Speaker: mike dovilla
About the speaker: Mike Dovilla is a member of the Ohio House of Representatives. He was elected in 2010 to his first term. A resident of Berea, his 18th District in suburban Cleveland also includes North Royalton, Olmsted Falls, Olmsted Township and Strongsville.
Date: July 27, 2012
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: In a campaign mailer
Fact-check justification: The ad is partially accurate – the Ohio Motion Picture Tax Credit did help bring movie jobs to the state, and Dovilla did champion the movie tax credit expansion.    But that it leaves out important details and takes things out of context. "The Avengers" movie came to Cleveland due to the original tax credit, which was established before Dovilla took office. And while Dovilla supported the expansion of the credit, it does not take effect until September. On the -O-Meter, Dovilla’s  rates .
Statement: Our economy is so much stronger than when (Barack Obama and Joe Biden) took office. Nearly 15 million new private-sector jobs.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: July 28, 2016
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: her acceptance speech at the Democratic convention
Fact-check justification: Clinton said, "Our economy is so much stronger than when they took office. Nearly 15 million new private-sector jobs." Clinton specified "when they took office" in her speech, and the actual number of jobs starting with their inauguration is only about two-thirds as big -- 10.6 million jobs. The 15 million number uses a different, more limited timeframe to count job creation. The statement is partially accurate but takes things out of context, so we rate it . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/b765565f-195e-4f51-959a-9193fbebf204
Statement: In Texas, "a faceless hospital panel can deny life-sustaining care, giving you only 10 days to find another facility for your mother, dad, or young child, even if the patient is conscious.
Speaker: texas right to life
About the speaker: A statewide anti-abortion and anti-euthanasia group that celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2013, Texas Right to Life says it fights "for the rights of the unborn (including the nascent humans created in laboratories), the disabled, the sick, the elderly, and the unloved," on its website, which also states, "We are non-sectarian and non-partisan, and we are the Texas affiliate of the National Right to Life Committee with representation on their board of directors."
Date: May 14, 2014
Location: texas
Topics: corrections and updates;health care;legal issues
Context: a video ad
Fact-check justification: Texas Right to Life said in Texas, "a faceless hospital panel can deny life-sustaining care, giving you only 10 days to find another facility for your mother, dad, or young child, even if the patient is conscious." This  accurately tracks a portion of the law and we see how one could construe this scenario. The law doesn't specify how hospital review panels should be composed or run. But doctors and hospitals insist the law has been carried out in ways not acknowledged here. For starters, the rarely convened review panels aren’t faceless; committee members are reportedly introduced at the reviews. Also, consciousness is not an element of  the law. Finally, the law permits courts to add to the 10 days provided for families to find an alternate facility, which the ad doesn’t mention. We rate this , which is partly accurate but leaves out important details, as .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: In Joe Biden's America, your children are more likely to have access to a crack pipe than a mask-free education.
Speaker: troy nehls
About the speaker: Republican Troy Nehls, the former sheriff of Fort Bend County, outside of Houston, was elected in 2020 to the 22nd District U.S. House seat in the Houston area. 
Date: February 9, 2022
Location: texas
Topics: children;drugs;education;public health;ad watch;coronavirus
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Nehls claimed: "In Joe Biden’s America, your children are more likely to have access to a crack pipe than a mask-free education." The  alludes to a Biden administration program that provides grants for efforts to curb injuries and deaths from drug abuse, including providing "safe-smoking kits" that are aimed at preventing the sharing of smoking materials. Federal officials said the grants cannot be used to provide pipes. The program is not aimed at children. There is no federal mandate requiring children to wear masks in schools, and in the coming weeks, fewer than a dozen states will have such mandates. Nehls’  is  and  — ! RELATED: No, The White House isn’t spending $30 million on crack pipes. Here’s what’s really going on
Statement: A photo shows a "Center for Global Population Reduction" at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation headquarters.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: April 28, 2020
Topics: public health
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: We also didn’t find that center searching the foundation’s website . But allegations that Bill Gates is wielding vaccines to thin human herds aren’t new. In 2018, for example, we fact-checked a  story that he had a "plan to depopulate the planet." That  was , and as several other fact-checkers have found, so is this one.     We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Georgia has the country's second highest number of fraudulent tax refund claims.
Speaker: johnny isakson
About the speaker: Johnny Isakson, a Republican, is a U.S. senator from Georgia
Date: November 21, 2014
Location: georgia
Topics: crime;taxes
Context: press release
Fact-check justification: But that report examines complaints, not verifiable incidents. To be certain, Georgia has a serious problem. The senator would have been accurate if he had said as much, or said that Georgia shows near the top of states with such problems. But Isakson misreads that data to show a specific rank where none exists. We rate his  .
Statement: Court orders Obama to pay $400 million in restitution.
Speaker: daily world update
About the speaker: Daily World Update is a fake news site promoting false information. 
Date: March 10, 2018
Topics: fake news;iran;punditfact
Context: a viral story
Fact-check justification: A  news article claimed that a court ordered Obama to pay the American public $400 million in repayment fees due to an illegal transaction with Iran. The court and its judges were fictitious and the payment was a reference to a legitimate transaction given to Iran that the United States owed in 2016. We rate this .
Statement: A Twitter employee was laid off after receiving a meme.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: November 4, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: Shaver claimed in a follow-up video that Twitter sent him another meme as a cease-and-desist notice.   Three days after his initial video went viral, Shaver clarified on his Twitter page that both videos were satire and not meant to be taken seriously.   "It’s insane to me how many people thought they were real and how many more people wanted them to be real so they had someone to hate (me or Elon Musk)," he said. "Thank you to the 25% that sent me advice or offered to help." We rate the  that a Twitter employee was laid-off after receiving a meme !
Statement: Says Nancy Pelosi said "Americans are the stupidest people on earth.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: November 19, 2019
Topics: fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a story
Fact-check justification: The problem is the entire story was contrived by satire website Busta Troll in late October 2019.   RELATED STORY: If you're fooled by  news, this man probably wrote it While the article and quote originated on a website that describes its content as satire and contains a disclaimer, it was picked up by Conservative Bless and other sites and shared without any such disclaimer.   This is not a real news report. We rate it !
Statement: There was "serious voter fraud" in Virginia.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 27, 2016
Location: virginia
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said there was "serious voter fraud in Virginia" during this presidential election. The top state election official in Virginia says the charge is "unfounded." The former chairman of Trump’s Virginia campaign says he’s unaware of any "massive voter fraud on Election Day." There’s a burden on Trump to prove his sensational , and the president-elect offers no . We rate his statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/84f77a8d-d9e2-4cb8-be2d-a26a237887b2
Statement: New Jersey has "the highest property taxes in the nation and not by a little. They are the highest property taxes in the nation, more than double the national average.
Speaker: lou greenwald
About the speaker: Lou Greenwald is a Democratic state Assemblyman representing parts of Burlington and Camden counties. He also serves as the Assembly Majority Leader.
Date: April 1, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: taxes
Context: an interview with on NJTV's "On The Record."
Fact-check justification: Greenwald said in a TV interview that New Jersey has the highest property taxes in the nation, more than double the national average. He was referring to 2009 statistics from the Tax Foundation. Statistics from 2004 through 2008 show the state leads the nation in two of three key metrics, according to the Tax Foundation. New Jersey led in all three metrics in 2009. Greenwald’s overall point is clear: when it comes to property taxes, New Jersey is king. We rate this statement . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: The United States can't import baby formula because of the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 14, 2022
Topics: children;trade;facebook fact-checks
Context: posts on social media
Fact-check justification: Social media posts claimed that the U.S. can’t import baby formula due to the USMCA replacing NAFTA. Importing baby formula to the U.S. is allowed, although these imports usually only make up about 2% of all baby formula consumption in the country. The USMCA did make some changes to how baby formula is imported to the U.S., but many other regulatory policies affect imports, too. The trade agreement is not the only barrier to the U.S. importing more formula. We rate this  .
Statement: When Mitt Romney was governor of Massachusetts, he "stood in front of a coal plant and pointed at it and said, 'This plant kills.'
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: October 16, 2012
Location: national
Topics: debates;energy
Context: Long Island, N.Y
Fact-check justification: Obama said Romney has changed his tune about coal, claiming that in Massachusetts he "stood in front of a coal plant and pointed at it and said, ‘This plant kills.’" Romney was the newly elected governor when a showdown erupted over the coal-burning Salem Harbor Power Station. Obama quoted Romney accurately when he said the governor entered the controversy by saying the plant "kills people." We rate his statement .
Statement: O'Shaughnessy even voted for her own personal stimulus package -- a taxpayer-funded pay raise for herself.
Speaker: jon husted
About the speaker: Jon Husted is running as Mike DeWine's running mate for the 2018 Republican primary for governor. Husted was elected Ohio secretary of state in 2010. He previously was a state senator from Ohio's 6th district and served two terms as speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives.
Date: September 27, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: public service
Context: a television campaign ad
Fact-check justification: That’s an important caveat that Husted’s ad doesn’t mention, and the point where Hustad’s attack comes unraveled.    She didn’t approve a pay raise for herself. She voted to increase pay for whomever was elected to take that council seat. The voters decided she should get the pay raise by re-electing her in 2001. We rate Husted’s statement .
Statement: In states that have legalized (recreational marijuana), you see steady decreases in youth use if you do it right.
Speaker: kelly cassidy
About the speaker: Rep. Kelly Cassiday, D-Chicago, represents the 14th House District in the Illinois General Assembly.
Date: May 4, 2019
Location: illinois
Topics: public health;marijuana
Context: press conference remarks
Fact-check justification: Cassidy said, "In states that have legalized, you see steady decreases in youth use if you do it right." She did not provide any proof to back up her statement. Of the 10 states that allow adults to use cannabis recreationally, only four have permitted retail sales long enough to provide enough data points for a preliminary comparison. While state survey data show no spike in current marijuana use among teens, they also fall short of suggesting the downward trajectory Cassidy described. We rate her  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says New Jersey is "50th in return of our federal tax dollars.
Speaker: chris christie
About the speaker: Chris Christie announced June 6, 2023 that he is running for the Republican nomination for president. Christie was the governor of New Jersey and a candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. As governor, Christie won office in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. Prior to that, he was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 2002 to 2008. 
Date: October 30, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: states;taxes
Context: an interview on NBC Nightly News
Fact-check justification: Christie said that New Jersey is "50th in return of our federal tax dollars." The Tax Foundation’s analysis of 2005 data, which was adjusted to reflect each state’s overall federal tax burden, ranked New Jersey 50th in the nation in this category. The state received 61 cents for every dollar it sent to Washington, D.C. that year. Though that research is outdated, more recent analysis of raw data shows New Jersey still ranks near the bottom. On the -O-Meter, Christie’s statement registers as . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .