chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Said he's the only Republican candidate "who's actually turned around a government economy.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: January 24, 2008
Location: national
Context: Boca Raton, Fla
Fact-check justification: Whether Huckabee's "investment" of higher taxes for better services was a good move is not is not a turnaround category Giuliani lists. It has to be kept in mind that the economic circumstances each chief executive faced were very different. Giuliani can't match Romney in the corporate turnaround business. And Giuliani's view of what constitutes a turnaround doesn't consider everything, but Giuliani clearly has clear accomplishments when it comes to a government turnaround. We find his  .
Statement: The bill that I carried cutting MO's income tax for 1st time in over 100 years will start its 1st phase in jan 1 2018. #moleg @Eric_Schmitt
Speaker: andrew koenig
About the speaker: Andrew Koenig is a Republican state senator in Missouri, representing portions of St. Louis County. He was previously a state representative.
Date: August 30, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: taxes
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Koenig said that Senate Bill 509 would cut Missouri income tax for the first time in over 100 years. The  of the matter is Missouri income tax has never been cut. Income tax laws were put in place in 1917. This was 100 years ago exactly. It’s not over 100 years, but Koenig was pretty close. It’s worth noting, however, that Missouri has created a long list of deductions that could reduce a person’s state income tax bill without having to decrease the overall tax rate. Koenig’s statement is accurate but needs that clarifying information. That meets our definition of .
Statement: Says in the last six months of the Bush administration, the U.S. lost 3.5 million jobs, including 760,000 jobs during January 2009 alone.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: May 22, 2012
Location: new hampshire
Topics: economy
Context: a speech at Keene State College
Fact-check justification: "Regardless of political leanings, it is not ambiguous that Obama inherited a labor market in free fall." Our ruling: The economic recovery and job creation during the Obama administration will be a leading point of contention throughout the 2012 election. As for the labor situation Obama and Biden inherited when they came to office, there’s little room for debate. Federal labor statistics support Biden’s  that the country lost 3.5 million jobs in the last six months of the Bush administration, but they show he overstated the losses reported by inauguration day, Jan. 20, 2009. We rate this  .
Statement: People are being diagnosed with delta variant" even though "there is no delta variant test.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 26, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Individuals are not being diagnosed with the delta variant. Routine individual tests don’t reveal whether COVID-19 was caused by the delta variant. Scientists use genomic sequencing to determine what percentage of cases were caused by the variant.  This post contains an element of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression.  We rate it .
Statement: Measles is one of the most common causes of child blindness worldwide.
Speaker: celine gounder
About the speaker: Dr. Celine Gounder is a physican-journalist specializing in infectious diseases and internal medicine. She is often brought on television news shows to discuss medical issues.
Date: February 3, 2015
Topics: health care;public health;punditfact
Context: an interview on CNN
Fact-check justification: Gounder suggested Paul should be singing a different tune about vaccinations, one that mentions, "Measles is one of the most common causes of child blindness worldwide." She was careful to say worldwide. In developed countries, measles does not typically lead to blindness. But in low-income countries, it is certainly one of the leading drivers of blindness in children, experts agree. We rate the  .
Statement: Many of the people in DACA, no longer very young, are far from 'angels.' Some are very tough, hardened criminals.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 12, 2019
Location: national
Topics: immigration;homeland security
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Some are very tough, hardened criminals." Federal guidelines prohibit immigrants convicted of felonies, significant or numerous misdemeanors from enjoying DACA protection. Immigrants deemed to pose a threat to national security or public safety also do not benefit from the program. No government data shows that immigrants are actively getting protection despite convictions for significant offenses, as Trump’s tweet suggested. We rate Trump’s  .
Statement: The train that derailed in Ohio was carrying "over 300,000 gallons of a chemical that was banned in 1974.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 18, 2023
Location: ohio
Topics: transportation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Facebook posts say the train that derailed in East Palestine, Ohio was carrying 300,000 gallons of a chemical that was banned in 1974. The train was carrying at least 115,580 gallons of vinyl chloride. It is unclear whether there was more vinyl chloride in the other tank cars. Vinyl chloride is used primarily to produce polyvinyl chloride, one of the world’s most widely-produced plastics. Only its use in aerosols was banned in 1974.  We rate this  . RELATED: The Ohio train derailment: What we know about health, environmental concerns RELATED: Ask PolitiFact: We’ve seen reports of three train derailments this month. Is this normal? RELATED: No  of foul play in Ohio train derailment, other incidents mentioned in a Facebook post RELATED: Did Ohio train derailment cause CDC to update its vinyl chloride toxicology info? No
Statement: Says most Texas schools spend 45 out of 180 school days in mandated testing.
Speaker: ted lyon
About the speaker: Lyon is a Mesquite lawyer and Democrat who was a member of the Texas House of Representatives and then the Texas Senate from 1979 into early 1993.
Date: July 31, 2012
Location: texas
Topics: education;state budget
Context: the Austin American-Statesman
Fact-check justification: There seems to be scant information spelling out precisely how many days most schools give mandated tests. But our sense is that Texas school districts might be giving state-mandated tests on 29 days a school year, while district-level benchmark tests can absorb about four to nine days, though admittedly that’s based only on what we gleaned from the Austin and Mesquite districts for 2011-12. The days devoted to testing at some individual schools — and, more important, for individual students — are far fewer. We don’t doubt that schools focus on the various mandated tests throughout each year. However, we see no  that most schools spend 45 days of each year giving the tests, which is what Lyon declared. His statement rates .
Statement: Of the four statewide races this century within a 300-vote margin, three have been overturned in a recount.
Speaker: mark obenshain
About the speaker: Mark Obenshain, R-26th, is a Virginia State Senator. His district is comprised of Page, Rappahannock, Shenandoah and Warren counties and Harrisonburg and part of Rockingham County. 
Obenshain lost the 2013 Virginia attorney general's race to Democrat Mark Herring by a slim margin after a recount. 
Obenshain was born in Richmond. His father, Richard Obenshain, was a Virginia Republican Committee chairman and Republican National Committee co-chairman and died in a plane crash during a U.S. Senate campaign.
Obenshain graduated from Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, in 1984, and received a law degree from Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington, in 1987.
Date: November 27, 2013
Location: virginia
Topics: elections
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Obenshain said that three of the four statewide races this century within a 300-vote margin have been overturned in a recount. He’s right, although sets of circumstances in these three upturned elections in other states do not translate to the Virginia recount that Obenshain hopes will improve his second-place finish in last month’s attorney general race. We rate his statement .
Statement: Two million federal workers negotiate zippo, zero. There is no collective bargaining for federal employees.
Speaker: john kasich
About the speaker: John Kasich is the governor of Ohio. A Republican and a former congressman, he defeated Democratic Gov. Ted Strickland in 2010 and was reelected in 2014. He ran for president in 2016.
Date: April 26, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: labor;state budget
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: But he has not called for it’s elimination. Changes approved in SB 5 would reduce the number of topics subject to union negotiations, ban public workers from striking, prohibit employers from paying more than 85 percent of workers’ health insurance costs, and base pay raises on performance rather than length of service. But public workers in Ohio would continue to have more collective bargaining powers than most federal workers, Kasich’s underlying point. That some federal workers can bargain over working conditions, rather than having "zero" collective bargaining ability, is a critical fact, though, that could give a listener a different impression. We rate Kasich’s statement .
Statement: Officials at Hyperloop One have referred to the route as one of the best they've ever seen.
Speaker: patrick mckenna
About the speaker: Patrick K. McKenna has been director of the Missouri Department of Transportation since Dec. 7, 2015.  Previously, he was the deputy commissioner for the New Hampshire Department of Transportation.
Date: October 19, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: transportation
Context: a Kansas City Business Journal article
Fact-check justification: McKenna said Hyperloop officials called the proposed route between Kansas City and St. Louis "one of the best they’ve ever seen." The Hyperloop One CEO said the coalition proposed a great route. Its director of global public policy said the St. Louis-Kansas City route is "as competitive" as any on the initial list. But there’s no public record that any Hyperloop official ever called the route the best they’ve ever seen. Hyperloop selected 10 winners of its global challenge. Missouri was not on that list. We rate this  .
Statement: No president in history has imposed larger personal lifestyle costs on the taxpayer than Donald Trump.
Speaker: david frum
About the speaker: David Frum is senior editor at the Atlantic. He served as a speechwriter for George W. Bush.
Date: August 21, 2017
Topics: corrections and updates;ethics;families;federal budget;taxes;punditfact
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: It’s also a bold  to make in the absence of definitive data on the costs of presidential travel, which is generally not disclosed. Frum may nonetheless be onto something. Travel and security records we gathered suggest Trump is on pace to outstrip Obama’s spending on security and transport costs. But it’s still too soon to tell, and Frum’s statement remains an exaggeration. We rate it .
Statement: Says Donald Trump's claim that "there was insufficient evidence and therefore, in our country, a person is innocent" directly contradicts Special Counsel Robert Mueller's statement.
Speaker: mark pocan
About the speaker: Mark Pocan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2nd Congressional District on Nov. 6, 2012. He is from Madison and previously served as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin state Assembly. 
Date: May 29, 2019
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;impeachment;crime
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump’s tweet treats that statement as a commentary on his own guilt or innocence. In actuality, Mueller was very clear that he cannot charge a sitting president with a crime, and therefore out of fairness couldn’t even accuse him of one. And Mueller was careful to note, "if we had had confidence that the president clearly did not commit a crime, we would have said so." Our definition of  is a statement that is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. That fits here.
Statement: American oil is … more affordable" than foreign oil.
Speaker: kevin mccarthy
About the speaker: Kevin McCarthy, who was first elected in 2006, is a Republican member of Congress representing a district in California. McCarthy was elected as House Speaker in January 2023.
Date: June 17, 2022
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: McCarthy said that domestic oil is "more affordable" than foreign oil. His spokesperson said that was  because more oil from the U.S. would increase global supplies and lead to lower prices. That isn’t what McCarthy’s tweet said, but even if that’s what he had in mind, experts said any impact on the price of gasoline would take about a year to materialize and would be modest even then. Taking McCarthy’s words at face value, domestic oil is not more affordable. Whether looking at the price paid by refineries, or the simple cost of production, domestic oil costs more than imported oil. We rate this  .
Statement: A photograph shows Joe Biden kissing a woman behind Lindsey Graham.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 31, 2019
Topics: candidate biography;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Old Joe at it again," someone else wrote. But another woman was wise to the Daily Caller’s story. "Photoshopped," she said. "And theres (sic) video to prove it." We rate this Facebook post as !
Statement: Over the past twenty years, the number of homicides committed with a firearm in the United States has decreased by nearly 40 percent. The number of other crimes involving the use of a firearm has also plummeted, declining by nearly 70 percent.
Speaker: doug whitsett
About the speaker: Sen. Doug Whitsett, a former veterinarian, owns two small farms in the Klamath Basin, which breed and raise European Warmblood Horses for dressage and jumping. He is past president of the Oregon Veterinary Medical Association. He represents Senate District 28, Klamath Falls.
Date: August 16, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: crime;guns
Context: a guest column
Fact-check justification: Homicides and other violent crimes involving firearms have declined over the last two decades. Whitsett picked the numbers and years straight from a federal report issued in May, based on CDC statistics. The Pew Research Center, which is nonpartisan, used the same statistics. Readers can argue over what the declines mean, but they can’t take issue with the accuracy of his numbers. We rate the statement .
Statement: Says Nostradamus predicted the coronavirus in a 1551 passage about a plague spreading from the east.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 2, 2020
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Nostradamus is best known for "Les Prophéties," a collection of poetic quatrains that are united in sets of verses, or "centuries," that was first published in 1555. This purported prediction does not follow the pattern of his typical vague, four-line poems, and we couldn’t find anything resembling it in Les Prophéties , or in various versions of his compiled works . Recent social media posts also appear to be the first and only occurrences of this prophecy online, and none provide additional details or  as to where it was found, which typically indicates it was fabricated. There is no  Nostradamus wrote this, it doesn’t follow the quatrain format of his predictions and the words cannot be found in his works. We rate it .
Statement: Wisconsin's state budget is almost twice as large per person as the state budget of Texas, and even after billions in tax cuts, Wisconsin's working families and businesses remain subject to a heavy tax burden.
Speaker: mario loyola
About the speaker: Mario Loyola is a Senior Fellow at the Texas Public Policy Foundation. Loyola joined the Foundation in July 2010 as founding director of the Center for Tenth Amendment Action, focusing on energy and environment, healthcare, and other federalism issues. He began his career in corporate law. Since 2003, he has focused on public policy, dividing his time between government service and research and writing at prominent policy institutes. He served in the Pentagon as a special assistant to the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, and on Capitol Hill as counsel for foreign and defense affairs to the U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee.
Date: November 5, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: state budget;taxes
Context: an opinion piece
Fact-check justification: Still, we found that the numbers in the study cited by Loyola were drawn from the annual financial reports published by Texas and Wisconsin. On a topic where various definitions of "state budget" are fair game, that gives his  a reasonable basis. Our rating "Wisconsin’s state budget is almost twice as large per person as the state budget of Texas, and even after billions in tax cuts, Wisconsin’s working families and businesses remain subject to a heavy tax burden." Loyola’s on target on taxes, and cites a credible study on spending that is open to challenge but generally defensible. We rate his  .
Statement: NPR posted a story about the Capitol breach before it happened.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: January 6, 2021
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Including timestamps for both the original publication time and the latest update "is standard practice in a developing story," Fishel said. "I can confirm that NPR is neither clairvoyant nor were we part of a () conspiracy of people who staged the events of Wednesday January 6th. "  We rate this post .   This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Travis County residents "trusted me to take on Tom DeLay — and we won.
Speaker: gary cobb
About the speaker: Gary Cobb, a longtime Travis County prosecutor, is a 2016 Democratic candidate for district attorney in the county.
Date: February 16, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: candidate biography;criminal justice;crime
Context: a video ad on his campaign website
Fact-check justification: Cobb says Travis County residents "trusted me to take on Tom DeLay--and we won." Cobb and the county won a jury verdict against DeLay. However, the convictions were tossed by an appeals court; its ruling was upheld by the state's highest criminal court of appeals. We rate Cobb's  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: You've got each day 10,000 new seniors, baby boomers, becoming eligible for the entitlement programs.
Speaker: eric cantor
About the speaker: Eric Cantor is a former congressman who represented Virginia's 7th District from 2001 to 2014. He rose to House minority whip in 2009 and House majority leader in 2011. Cantor was upset by Dave Brat in the 2014 GOP primary for congress. He is now vice chairman and managing director of Moelis & Company, a global investment bank.
 
 
 
Date: April 27, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: medicare;social security
Context: a TV appearance
Fact-check justification: Census data show nearly 80 million baby boomers, born over a span of 19 years. They will turn 65 and become eligible for Medicare at a rate of 11,478 per day. In fact, as of May 3 an estimated 1.4 million people have turned 65 this year. The numbers are staggering. We rate Cantor’s statement .
Statement: On three occasions, judges had to stop Jason Kander from manipulating elections.
Speaker: roy blunt
About the speaker: Roy Blunt is the junior U.S. senator from Missouri. He was formerly a U.S. representative from Missouri’s 7th district, and served for six years as the Republican whip in that chamber.
Date: August 3, 2016
Location: missouri
Topics: candidate biography
Context: a campaign ad
Fact-check justification: Blunt claimed, "On three occasions, judges had to stop Jason Kander from manipulating elections." This  is . Courts did object in three cases to decisions Kander made as secretary of state. But the specifics of those cases are much more nuanced than Blunt lets on. And the  that Kander tried to manipulate the election is, at best, unproven. We rate this  .