chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Hillary Clinton advocates "a freeze on foreclosures. Barack Obama said no.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: April 29, 2008
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: He favors a $10 billion fund that would help homeowners avoid foreclosures. He also proposes reforms to bankruptcy court that would allow judges to modify mortgage terms. Of course, Clinton's ad doesn't explain any of that. But it's not  when it says that Obama opposes the foreclosure freeze. We find her statement .
Statement: Says the state tax burden per citizen in New York is twice as high as in Florida.
Speaker: rick scott
About the speaker: Rick Scott, a wealthy Florida businessman, was first elected Florida's 45th governor on Nov. 2, 2010 and re-elected Nov. 4, 2014. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2018 and is running for re-election in 2024.
Date: January 10, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: economy;taxes
Context: State of the State address
Fact-check justification: Scott correctly cites that New York's state tax burden per person is twice as much as it is in Florida, and no doubt this fact could be attractive to businesses thinking of moving to Florida. But businesses likely consider more than just tax burden when thinking of where to locate their businesses, and some states with higher tax rates have more robust economies. Still, if you want to count Florida's positives for business, a low tax burden is surely one of them. We rate this .
Statement: The United States has a "record number of abortions year after year after year.
Speaker: carly fiorina
About the speaker: Carly Fiorina is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. She is the former chairman and chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). She was defeated in her attempt as the Republican nominee to unseat Sen. Barbara Boxer in 2010.
Date: January 20, 2016
Location: national
Topics: abortion
Context: Des Moines
Fact-check justification: Fiorina said the United States has a "record number of abortions year after year after year." In reality, the raw number, the rate and the ratio of abortions compared to live births has been falling since the early 1980s, and the decline shows no signs of stopping. We rate Fiorina’s statement .
Statement: Unvaccinated, you can get COVID and have over 99% chance of survival. Get vaccinated and you can still get COVID and will still have over 99% chance of survival.
Speaker: tomi lahren
About the speaker: Conservative commentator Tomi Lahren is a Fox Nation talk show host.
Date: July 18, 2021
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Lahren said: "Unvaccinated, you can get COVID and have over 99% chance of survival. Get vaccinated and you can still get COVID and will still have over 99% chance of survival." Mortality data shows that some 99% of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the U.S. do not result in death, but the survival rate for the population at large is not the same as an infected individual’s chance of survival, which depends on many risk factors. The  also leaves out important context: the role of vaccines in preventing infections that could lead to death. Preliminary data indicate that in recent months, more than 99% of COVID-19 deaths have been among people who have not been vaccinated. The  contains an element of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression — our definition of .
Statement: Says a photo shows an elephant carrying a lion cub to a pool of water so it wouldn't die.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 17, 2020
Topics: animals
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A post published on the account’s website the following day explained that the photo is indeed a joke.    "We had to spend hours perfecting the Photoshop," it says. "We wanted it to be good enough to fool most, yet obvious enough to cause the "" or "Photoshopped" comments to come through." Not everyone got the joke, of course, and people continue to post the image on Facebook believing it’s real. We rate it !.
Statement: Says South Carolina Gov. Nikki Haley "is an immigrant.
Speaker: ann coulter
About the speaker: Ann Coulter is a conservative columnist and author.
Date: June 24, 2015
Topics: immigration;candidate biography;history;punditfact
Context: comments on Fox Business Network
Fact-check justification: Coulter said Haley is an immigrant and went on to suggest that Haley doesn't understand American history because she is less-American than others (namely, Coulter). Haley was born in South Carolina, and is no more an immigrant than Coulter, who describes herself of Scottish descent . We rate Coulter’s  .
Statement: Says he's proposed "the largest employer contribution to the Virginia Retirement System in history.
Speaker: bob mcdonnell
About the speaker: Bob McDonnell is the Republican governor of Virginia until January 2014. McDonnell was elected over Democratic state Sen. Creigh Deeds.
McDonnell previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1992 to 2006 and as state Attorney General from 2006 to 2009.
McDonnell graduated from the University of Nortre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind., with a bachelor's degree in 1976. He then served in the U.S. Army on active duty from 1976 to 1981 and in the reserves until 1997, retiring as a lieutenant colenel. He received a master's degree in business adminsitration from Boston University in 1980 and a master's and law degree from Regent University, Virginia Beach, in 1989.
Date: December 19, 2011
Location: virginia
Topics: pensions
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Even when adjusting for inflation, the 2007-08 contributions were still the high-water mark for employer contributions to the pension system, coming in at just more than $1.8 billion in current dollars. McDonnell’s proposal eclipses that. Our Ruling: The governor said his proposed $2.21 billion employer contribution for state worker and teacher pensions would be the largest in VRS history. For as far back as the data goes, the governor’s statement is correct even when adjusting for inflation. We rate the  .
Statement: Say Ohio Reps. Marcia Fudge, Marcy Kaptur and Dennis Kucinich are "socialists who are openly serving in the U.S. Congress.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: August 12, 2011
Location: ohio
Topics: candidate biography
Context: web pages
Fact-check justification: "I can’t tell you the number of times we’ve tried to stop it." Misinformation and smear campaigns also are part of political life. But these persistent claims about socialists are riddled with errors and outright lies. Any one of the problems would be sufficient to discredit the report, but taken together, the effort is flagrantly . For that reason, we rate this : .
Statement: Says Mitch McConnell was cured of polio when he was a child by government-funded care and now he's trying to take that same care away from millions of Americans
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 22, 2019
Topics: health care;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: That materialized in the mid 1950s, when Jonas Salk successfully developed the polio vaccine . While Roosevelt’s political office promoted the fundraising for polio care and research, and the president used his name and popularity to help raise funds, the money came from the charity of the American people, as well as celebrities and corporations. The care McConnell received as a toddler was not taxpayer or government-funded, as the viral meme suggests. The facility operated as a nationwide nonprofit organization. We rate this meme .
Statement: Louie Gohmert of Texas "compared the current general-in-charge in Egypt to George Washington.
Speaker: gail collins
About the speaker: Gail Collins is a columnist with the New York Times. She previously served on the New York Times editorial board and as a columnist for the New York Daily News and Newsday.
Date: October 3, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: history;foreign policy;pundits
Context: her oped column
Fact-check justification: Collins said Gohmert compared the current general-in-charge in Egypt to George Washington. Gohmert linked the Egyptian general and Washington. But this statement could benefit from the clarification that Gohmert’s comparison was limited to each figure’s desire to put his country ahead of himself; he did not compare other aspects of their characters or achievements. We rate this , which would have benefited from clarification, as .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: In fact, 'high Crimes and Misdemeanors' is not defined in the Constitution and does not require corresponding statutory charges. The context implies conduct that violates the public trust—and that view is echoed by the Framers of the Constitution and early American scholars.
Speaker: justin amash
About the speaker: Representative Justin Amash represents Michigan’s Third District. He was elected to his first term in 2010.
Date: May 20, 2019
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Amash said that "high crimes and misdemeanors" is not defined in the Constitution but that the framers envisioned the phrase applying to violations of the public trust rather than just statutory crimes. We found that the writings of the Constitution’s framers, the discussions in the drafting of the Constitution, and the opinions of legal experts today all support Amash’s description. We rate his statement .
Statement: This is not the first time (the Russians) have been involved in our elections.
Speaker: richard burr
About the speaker: Richard Burr, a Republican from North Carolina, has been a U.S. Senator since 2005.
Date: June 8, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: elections;history;foreign policy
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Burr said that when it comes to Russian spies, "this is not the first time they’ve been involved in our elections." There’s no public  the post-Cold War Russian government has ever meddled at anywhere near the levels of 2016, when U.S. officials say the Kremlin tried to help Trump’s campaign. However, during the Cold War there were a few Soviet attempts to hurt or help specific candidates. Yet 2016 was the first time in 40 years the United States is known to have seen this type of interference. Since Burr’s  has some  to it but gives an impression that’s slightly , we rate this  .
Statement: Dave McCormick is "liberal, pro-Biden, pro-China.
Speaker: mehmet oz
About the speaker: Physician and talk show host Dr. Mehmet Oz is a 2022 candidate for the Republican nomination for a U.S. Senate seat from Pennsylvania.
Date: April 12, 2022
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: china;ad watch
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Oz said in an ad that McCormick is "liberal, pro-Biden, pro-China." McCormick touts a conservative agenda and has been harshly critical of Biden. McCormick has had some more conciliatory things to say about China in the past, but even that was tempered with comments of concern. He is campaigning on standing up to China, including launching his race with a promise to end U.S. dependence on China. We rate this  . RELATED: Dr. Oz claimed that GOP Senate rival McCormick ‘bragged’ about offshoring jobs. That lacks  RELATED: No proof for Dr. Oz’s  that Pa. GOP Senate rival Dave McCormick ‘paid for attacks’ on Trump RELATED: No  for Senate hopeful McCormick’s  that China created COVID-19 RELATED: In Pa. Senate run, Dr. Oz casts self as pro-Second Amendment, but he has backed gun-control measures RELATED: The race for the Pennsylvania U.S. Senate seat: A guide RELATED: 2022 candidates use ads vowing to be tough on China, or attacking rivals as too soft on China
Statement: President Donald Trump signed DEPLOYMENT ORDERS for the 82nd Airborne Division of the United States Army, instructing them to deploy from Ft. Bragg, NC, to the U.S. southern border at Mexico.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: October 22, 2018
Topics: immigration;fake news;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Elements of this Facebook post contain granules of factual information: The caravan is large and has been growing, though size estimates vary and there are now reports that weary walkers are turning back. Trump has also threatened to deploy troops to the border. Reports indicate he may send about 800 troops there to offer support. But Trump has not signed deployment orders for the 82nd Airborne Division, as this post specifically claims. We rate this statement .
Statement: Rosalyn Dance voted against President Obama's Medicaid expansion.
Speaker: joe morrissey
About the speaker: Joe Morrissey, D-Richmond, was elected to the Virginia Senate in 2019. He previously represented the Richmond area in the House of Delegates from 2008 to 2014 as a Democrat and in 2015 as an Independent.
He was the Commonwealth's Attorney for Richmond in 1989 to 1993. Morrissey, an attorney, was disbarred in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia in 2001 due to unethical and inappropriate behaviour. His license was revoked by the Virginia State Bar Disciplinary Board in 2003. He was reinstated to the bar in 2011, but his license was revoked again in 2018.
Morrissey received a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Virginia in 1979 and a law degree from Georgetown University Law School in 1982.
Date: March 25, 2015
Location: virginia
Topics: health care;state budget;voting record
Context: a campaign flier
Fact-check justification: Morrissey says Dance "voted against President Obama’s Medicaid expansion." Dance, as Morrissey points out, has voted for state budgets that didn’t expand Medicaid. But that doesn’t mean she was voting against the Medicaid growth specifically.  Budgets are huge documents that fund more than $44 billion in state programs a year and go through many  votes. Sometimes Dance shunned protest votes against the budgets that did not expand Medicaid because, she says, she supported many other priorities in the spending plan. In 2014, however, she joined all fellow Democrats in voting against the a final budget. It’s important to note that Dance always voted in favor of expanding Medicaid when faced with specific floor votes on the issue. So Morrissey’s statement is highly  and we rate it .
Statement: But it was Hillary Clinton, in an interview with Tom Brokaw, who quote 'paid tribute' to Ronald Reagan's economic and foreign policy.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: January 23, 2008
Location: national
Topics: history
Context: South Carolina
Fact-check justification: "In 1969, who would have imagined that the Hillary Rodham on the Wellesley commencement stage would find herself 38 years later paying tribute to Ronald Reagan?" Compare that text with Obama's ad, and you'll see that Clinton didn't offer overall praise for Reagan's economic record. In fact, what she did was single out what she saw as his appreciation for the challenges of the working class and his willingness to reverse course when taxes were cut too much. It's  that Brokaw summarized this as paying tribute, but it still looks to us like the Obama ad somewhat mischaracterizes what Clinton said about Reagan. This leads us to rate it .
Statement: The New York state budget covers 96% of eligible preschoolers
Speaker: kathy hochul
About the speaker: Kathy Hochul, a Democrat, is the governor of New York state. She is a former member of Congress.
Date: May 9, 2023
Location: new york
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: Our ruling  Hochul said 96% of eligible preschoolers will be covered by funding for public prekindergarten programs in the 2023-24 budget.   If you’re familiar with the way the state calculates how many 4-year-olds are considered eligible, and how public prekindergarten operates — or doesn’t, in some cases — what Hochul said might make sense. If you’re not, you might think that nearly every 4-year-old will be able to go to pre-K. It is accurate that the state budget has funding for 96% of eligible 4-year-olds to go to prekindergarten. While we can’t predict how many 4-year-olds will be enrolled in September – and even the state estimates the number with its 85% figure – readers should know that school districts have other barriers to starting or expanding pre-K programs.   The governor's statement is accurate, but it needs clarification or additional information, so we rate her  .
Statement: Says Debbie Mucarsel-Powell's family received $700,000 from the firm of "violent warlord Ihor Kolomoisky," who is compared to Fidel Castro and Nicolás Maduro.
Speaker: congressional leadership fund
About the speaker: The Congressional Leadership Fund is a super PAC exclusively dedicated to protecting and strengthening the Republican Majority in the House of Representatives.
Date: October 7, 2020
Location: florida
Topics: ethics;crime;military
Context: an ad
Fact-check justification: Making a guilt-by-association attack, the Congressional Leadership Fund says Mucarsel-Powell's family received $700,000 from the firm of "violent warlord Ihor Kolomoisky," comparing him to Fidel Castro and Nicolás Maduro.  The comparison of the Ukrainian oligarch to authoritarian leaders of two nations is a stretch. Mucarsel-Powell’s husband, Robert Powell, was paid $695,000 by a company partly owned by Kolomoisky, but he has not been accused of any wrongdoing in connection with allegations made against Kolomoisky. We rate the statement .
Statement: We spend more money on antacids than we do on politics.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: May 3, 2015
Location: national
Topics: campaign finance;economy
Context: comments on NBC's "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Boehner said Americans spend more on antacids than they do on politics. But the  Boehner’s office cited was based on worldwide antacid sales. Americans themselves spent more than $2 billion on antacids each year, reports show. Federal campaign spending tops that no matter how you cut it. Using the source provided by Boehner’s office, the total in 2014 was about $3.8 billion. Factoring in state elections makes the disparity even greater. We couldn’t swallow this . We rate it .
Statement: Says Milwaukee County Executive Chris Abele spent "$100,000 of taxpayer money on a new luxury SUV.
Speaker: wisconsin working families party
About the speaker: The Wisconsin Working Families Party is a coalition of labor and community groups. The organization says it supports progressive issues and candidates. It is led by Milwaukee County Supervisor Marina Dimitrijevic.
Date: January 15, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: county budget
Context: a direct mail flier
Fact-check justification: Our rating Wisconsin Working Families said Abele spent "$100,000 of taxpayer money on a new luxury SUV." In a footnote, the group cited a Journal Sentinel column that stated the vehicle was part of a package of security services, presumably just like the uniforms, radios and other items used by the two guards assigned to the Abele detail. The county’s lawyer told the group the same thing -- the county paid a flat fee. In any case, the vehicle was not bought by county taxpayers. We rate the  .
Statement: Under the mayor's COVID-19 order, Kansas City "churchgoers must register with the government.
Speaker: liberty counsel
About the speaker: The Liberty Counsel advances religious freedom, the sanctity of human life and the traditional family.
Date: May 1, 2020
Topics: corrections and updates;government regulation;religion;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: An article shared on Facebook claimed that under a Kansas City mayor’s COVID-19 order, Kansas City "churchgoers must register with the government." As part of an order governing the gradual reopening of the city, the mayor initially ordered churches to keep lists of people attending church gatherings so that attendees could be contacted if a coronavirus outbreak traced to a particular gathering occurred. Four days later, that order was changed to make attendance list keeping recommended, but not mandatory.  However, no order ever required churchgoers to register with the government. In the event of a COVID-19 outbreak, however, it’s possible that names on attendance lists kept by churches would be turned over to the city. The  contains an element of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. That’s our definition of  . UPDATE , May 11, 2020: This story has been updated to reflect that Liberty Counsel updated its blog post with a new headline following publication of this fact-check.
Statement: Human trafficking and drugs" at the Mexico border have "doubled, tripled and quadrupled" since Joe Biden became president.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: April 19, 2021
Topics: immigration;drugs;facebook fact-checks
Context: an interview on Fox News
Fact-check justification: Trump said "human trafficking and drugs" at the Mexico border have "doubled, tripled and quadrupled" since Biden became president. Experts on trafficking said they have not seen such an increase and that there is no data to back Trump’s .  Federal figures show the amount of drugs seized at the southwest border is lower during the first three months of 2021 than in the first quarter of 2020, while the number of drug seizures is up about 11%. We rate Trump’s statement .