chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Sen. Barbara Boxer "passed only three bills in 18 years" into law.
Speaker: carly fiorina
About the speaker: Carly Fiorina is running for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. She is the former chairman and chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). She was defeated in her attempt as the Republican nominee to unseat Sen. Barbara Boxer in 2010.
Date: March 10, 2010
Location: national
Topics: legal issues;message machine 2010
Context: a Web ad
Fact-check justification: But now even the Fiorina campaign admits that number is  -- there are five. And more importantly, experts on Congress say the Fiorina campaign's methodology is a  way of assessing a senator's legislative accomplishments. The Fiorina campaign could still make a case that Boxer is not an effective legislator, but the campaign has failed to do it here. Using the count of bills authored is simplistic and doesn't reflect the reality of the legislative process. We rate the statement .
Statement: Let's not blame President Bush for all of this. We've got a Congress who sat around on their hands and done nothing but spend a lot of money ... leaving us $9-trillion in debt that we're passing on to our grandchildren.
Speaker: mike huckabee
About the speaker: Mike Huckabee ran for the Republican nomination for president in 2016. He is a former governor of Arkansas; he also sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. He left hosting a self-titled television show on Fox News in January 2015.
Date: January 30, 2008
Location: national
Topics: federal budget
Context: Simi Valley, Calif
Fact-check justification: But the former Arkansas governor overlooks the fact that President Bush asked for most of the changes that drove up spending, most notably the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts that were not fullly offset by spending cuts and the 2003 Medicare prescription drug bill, which drove up entitlement costs. There also were national security spending increases after 9/11 and the cost of wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Republican-controlled Congresses delivered on each of these high-priority items, and Bush signed them into law. So at a minimum, the president and Congress share the blame for the fiscal policies Huckabee cites in the eight-year time frame. For that reason, we rate his statement .
Statement: If we use (Tax Increment Financing) funding, that's going to take funds from the general fund for Pinellas County, as it will take funds from the general fund for the city of St. Pete.
Speaker: kathleen ford
About the speaker: Kathleen Ford is a candidate in the St. Petersburg mayoral race in 2013. Ford is a former City Council member who unsuccessfully ran for mayor in 2001 and 2009.
Date: August 6, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: taxes
Context: a mayoral debate
Fact-check justification: Ford said that TIF money takes away money from the city’s general fund, implying that taxpayers would pay for the Lens with money that could be used elsewhere. Actually, the funds come from a special financing district, not from general funds. We rate her  .
Statement: Says Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said, "We must block Trump from stopping the return of the heroic Alabama mother from ISIS. In many ways she is more of a hero then our veterans. Welcome home sister!
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 26, 2019
Topics: terrorism;veterans;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The parody account uses the same photo avatar as Ocasio-Cortez's personal account. Only the real one is verified with a blue checkmark, which Twitter uses to indicate an account's authenticity. We searched Ocasio-Cortez's actual Twitter account for a statement similar to the one the parody account made and couldn't find it. We also couldn't find any  that she elsewhere lauded the ISIS recruit. We rate this post !
Statement: Says Mitt Romney "has refused to say whether he would have vetoed or signed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: May 3, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;civil rights;supreme court;women
Context: a graphical tool on the campaign website
Fact-check justification: The Obama campaign said Romney "has refused to say whether he would have vetoed or signed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act." That’s essentially what happened in Romney’s ABC News interview in April, but the  leaves out some details that matter to Julia. The relevant point for Julia isn't whether Romney would sign the bill — it's already the law — but his decision not to change it. Romney also said he  "certainly support(s) equal pay for women," and has "no intention of changing that law." Still, the Obama campaign is correct that he dodged the question, so we rate the  . CORRECTION: A previous version of this item said the Supreme Court's Ledbetter decision made it "impossible for employees who learned of such discrimination later to get relief, such as back pay." In fact, the court declined to address the question of whether employees who learned of discrimination after the statute of limitations expired would be protected under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Statement: He leant his name to a bill, did little or nothing three years ago to try to get it passed, (and) since then has done absolutely nothing other than disavow any attempt to move on the legislation.
Speaker: katie mcginty
About the speaker: Katie McGinty is a Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate from Pennsylvania. She is a former secretary of the state Department of Environmental Protection and served as Governor Tom Wolf's chief of staff.
Date: June 13, 2016
Location: pennsylvania
Topics: guns
Context: an interview with The Philadelphia Inquirer
Fact-check justification: This  was two-fold, with McGinty claiming 1. That Toomey "did little or nothing" to attempt to get the Toomey-Manchin amendment passed and 2. That he has "done absolutely nothing other than disavow any attempt to move on the legislation" after it was shot down by the Senate. Toomey signed onto the amendment very late in the game and a vote took place just weeks after his name was added to it. It’s also  that no additional Republicans signed on to vote in favor of the legislation after Toomey added in his support. If McGinty would have said Toomey accomplished little, she would have been right. But to say he "did little or nothing" to advance the bill isn’t supported by the facts. The senator also hasn’t re-introduced the legislation since it was shot down and hasn’t indicated that he plans to. But the definition of "disavow" is to deny complete responsibility for, and Toomey isn’t against the legislation itself, saying he still supports the measure -- and indeed, he voted for it again. For now, he just won’t be the one to re-introduce it. We rate the  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/755b59a0-1918-454c-bfd7-b7f52d1be31c
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton once "wanted a wall" on the Mexican border.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: August 5, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: immigration
Context: a campaign speech
Fact-check justification: Clinton did vote for the Secure Fence Act of 2006, which authorized building a fence along about 700 miles of the border between the United States and Mexico. For our purposes, the differences between a wall and a fence in this  are not significant -- both block people. But the fence Clinton backed is not nearly as expansive as the wall Trump is promoting. And in his phrasing, Trump seemed to equate the two. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, we rate Trump’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/eb1bee6a-2961-40be-ba2f-877183cc7bc4
Statement: The average student comes out of college hundreds of thousands of dollars in debt.
Speaker: gina raimondo
About the speaker: Gina Raimondo served a four-year term as Rhode Island's general treasurer beginning in Jan. 4, 2011 before being elected governor in 2014. She cofounded and served as a general partner of Point Judith Capital. She is a graduate of Yale Law School and a Rhodes Scholar. She is married with two children.
Date: May 29, 2013
Location: rhode island
Topics: debt;economy;education
Context: an interview with WJAR-TV
Fact-check justification: When we heard back from Raimondo's office, she acknowledged the error. Said spokeswoman Joy Fox, "Although the Treasurer and her husband personally came out of college with hundreds of thousands of dollars in student debt, she misspoke by saying this was the average amount of student loan debt. According to the Project on Student Debt, the average debt is more in the range of tens of thousands." We rate Raimondo's   . (If you have a  you’d like PolitiFact Rhode Island to check, e-mail us at [email protected] And follow us on Twitter: @politifactri.)
Statement: A forensics examination of a Ware County, Ga., Dominion Voting Systems machine found votes were switched from Donald Trump to Joe Biden.
Speaker: jody hice
About the speaker: Jody Hice won the race for the 10th Congressional District in Georgia in 2014 and was subsequently re-elected. Hice is running in the Republican primary for Georgia Secretary of State in 2022. Hice served as pastor for almost 25 years, and launched the Jody Hice Show, a conservative talk radio program. 
Date: December 4, 2020
Location: georgia
Topics: elections
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Hice said "a forensics examination" of a Ware County, Ga., Dominion Voting Systems machine found switched from Trump to Biden. The 37-vote difference that election officials caught resulted from human error, not a flaw in Dominion software.  A forensic audit conducted by the Georgia Secretary of State’s office on a random sampling of Dominion voting machines found "no signs of cyber attacks or election hacking" and "no  of the machines being tampered."  We rate this  . ​
Statement: Says Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., has stated that supporting the "right to health care ... means you believe in slavery.
Speaker: sarah silverman
About the speaker: Sarah Silverman is a comedian, writer, actress and activist for liberal causes. 
Date: May 22, 2015
Topics: health care;punditfact
Context: a social media post
Fact-check justification: Silverman forwarded a social media meme that said Paul has stated that supporting the "right to health care … means you believe in slavery." The meme has been abridged from the full quote, but we see no significant change in his meaning. We also found no  that Paul had backtracked on the views he expressed. We rate the meme’s  .
Statement: Says North Carolina's replacement for HB2 "orders NC cities to discriminate against LGBT people until at least 2020 and unfair 'bathroom bans' remain.
Speaker: caitlyn jenner
About the speaker: Caitlyn Jenner is a reality TV star, former Olympic gold medalist and one of America's most famous transgender people.
Date: March 31, 2017
Location: north carolina
Topics: civil rights;government regulation;lgbtq;sexuality;states
Fact-check justification: After North Carolina replaced HB2, pro-LGBT activists said the compromise was not nearly enough. Caitlyn Jenner, one of the country’s most famous transgender celebrities, took that criticism a step further when she tweeted: "The new law orders NC cities to discriminate against LGBT people until at least 2020 and unfair ‘bathroom bans’ remain." Neither part of that is correct. The bathroom ban was repealed. And while the new law does continue banning cities and counties from giving LGBT people local discrimination protections, that’s not even close to the same as ordering discrimination. Her statement makes two claims. Neither is accurate, and we rate this  .
Statement: Man pardoned by Obama three months ago arrested for murder.
Speaker: undergroundnewsreport.com
About the speaker: A website associated with fake news.
Date: February 28, 2017
Topics: fake news;punditfact
Context: an Internet post
Fact-check justification: When we contacted him via email, the writer identified himself as James McDaniel, a 28-year-old U.S. citizen living in Costa Rica. (The site is privately registered in Scottsdale, Ariz.) "I admit I kind of stumbled into this on accident just playing around and didn't really expect to get any attention at first," McDaniel wrote. "People proved to be far more gullible than I previously thought." This  rates !
Statement: (Deborah) Ross defends those who want to burn the American flag, and even called efforts to ban flag-burning 'ridiculous,' yet refused to help a disabled veteran fly the flag.
Speaker: senate leadership fund
About the speaker: Senate Leadership Fund is a Super PAC with the stated goal to "protect and expand the Republican Senate Majority." 
Date: October 11, 2016
Location: north carolina
Topics: legal issues;military;negative campaigning;patriotism;veterans
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: The Senate Leadership Fund’s anti-Ross ad said she "defends those who want to burn the American flag, and even called efforts to ban flag-burning ‘,’ yet refused to help a disabled veteran fly the flag." The first part of the , about defending flag-burning, is a bit vague. Ross has said she does not support the act of flag-burning but does defend people’s right to do so. The ad is right that she said it was  to try to ban flag-burning. But where the ad diverges further from the  is on the matter of the ACLU declining to represent a veteran when Ross was in charge. While technically correct, the group refused because the man was attempting to bring a  that was not the type of legal battle the ACLU typically fights. We rate this  .
Statement: Says "black babies die at rates twice as high as white babies because of a lack of access to affordable health care.
Speaker: michael bloomberg
About the speaker: Michael Bloomberg was mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013. The billionaire co-founded Bloomberg LP, a financial information and media company, in 1981. On Nov. 24, 2019, he announced his candidacy for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president and dropped out on March 4, 2020.
Date: February 13, 2020
Location: texas
Topics: children;families;health care;women
Context: a rally
Fact-check justification: Bloomberg said: "Black babies die at rates twice as high as white babies because of a lack of access to affordable health care." Bloomberg’s figures about the black infant mortality rate vs. the white infant mortality rate are accurate. Studies show that access to healthcare is a contributing factor to this disparity, but it is far from being the only issue at play. We rate this  .
Statement: Turkey is an Arab country.
Speaker: markos moulitsas
About the speaker: Markos Moulitsas is the founder and publisher of Daily Kos, a widely read liberal blog.
Date: June 6, 2010
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;pundits;this week - abc news
Context: a roundtable discussion on ABC's This Week
Fact-check justification: The one thing that Turkey has in common with the Arab world is religion: An estimated 99.8 percent of the Turkish population is Muslim.    "I knew I was  as I was saying it," Moulitsas told PolitiFact in an e-mail. "But everything moves so fast that everything had moved on before I could say, 'Boy that was dumb -- I meant 'predominantly Muslim country.'"    Moulitsas has graciously copped to his error (and even invited us to ding him), but the -O-Meter doesn't cut any slack for confessions. So we rate his statement .
Statement: The sun prevents skin cancer.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 8, 2023
Topics: facebook fact-checks;health check
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: People of all ages and skin tones should limit time spent in the sun, especially between midmorning and late afternoon, the National Cancer Institute said. Sunscreen (with a sun protection factor of at least 15) should be applied to uncovered skin 30 minutes before going outside, with reapplication every two hours or after swimming or sweating. You can get enough vitamin D by getting up to 15 minutes of casual sun exposure on your face, arms and hands for two to three days a week in the summer, according to WHO guidance . Avoiding the sun entirely could risk  bone health .   We rate the  that the sun prevents skin cancer .
Statement: Says New Jersey is "down nearly 200,000 jobs from its pre-recession peak" and with Gov. Chris Christie "New Jersey has trailed the rest of America when it comes to unemployment" for 12 consecutive months.
Speaker: one new jersey
About the speaker: One New Jersey is a 501(c)4 advocacy organization that opposes Gov. Chris Christie's policies.
Date: January 26, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: an article posted on One New Jersey’s website
Fact-check justification: One New Jersey said the state is "down nearly 200,000 jobs from its pre-recession peak" and "for 12 consecutive months, New Jersey has trailed the rest of America when it comes to unemployment." It’s  the state shed more than 200,000 jobs since its prerecession peak in 2007, but the governor didn’t take office until 2010 and since then that trend has reversed. New Jersey's unemployment rate has trailed the national rate for 11 consecutive months, not 12, the difference was never statistically significant and it’s  to pin blame for the state’s unemployment problem squarely on Christie. The numbers are  right, but they need clarification. So, we rate the statement . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: The United States was energy independent in 2019 for the first time since 1957. In just 10 days we are sent back 50 years.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 12, 2021
Topics: energy;government regulation;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: An image widely shared on Facebook claimed: "The United States was energy independent in 2019 for the first time since 1957. In just 10 days we are sent back 50 years." In 2019, U.S. energy production exceeded consumption on an annual basis for the first time since 1957. That’s one definition of energy independence. Through the first 10 months of 2020, the latest period for which data are available, energy production was down from a year earlier, but still exceeded consumption. Meanwhile, the U.S. continues to import millions of barrels of petroleum per day. The  that Biden’s orders reversed the trend or the gains in U.S. energy independence is not supported. The government hasn’t published full-year data for 2020, or for the period since Biden took office.  The orders didn’t stop any current production, and any new production from the avenues he closed off would have taken years to materialize.  The image contains an element of , but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Says Ady Barkan asked Joe Biden, "Do we agree that we can redirect some of the funding for police?
Speaker: steve scalise
About the speaker: Steve Scalise is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives representing Louisiana.
Date: August 30, 2020
Location: national
Topics: criminal justice;federal budget
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Scalise shared a video that said Barkan asked Biden, "Do we agree that we can redirect some of the funding for police?" That’s not what Barkan asked. The video spliced together audio from two different questions, taking advantage of the fact that Barkan speaks with computer voice assistance.  Biden has repeatedly said he does not support defunding the police, including during his conversation with Barkan. We rate Scalise’s video !
Statement: The GOP health care plan "would allow health insurance companies to continue engaging in unfair and discriminatory practices like denying coverage to people because of a pre-existing medical condition.
Speaker: debbie wasserman schultz
About the speaker: Debbie Wasserman Schultz became the chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee in 2011 and resigned in July 2016. The Florida Democrat was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004 after serving in the state senate. She represents Congressional District 23 in Broward and Miami-Dade counties.
Date: November 3, 2009
Location: national
Topics: health care
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: Still, we think Wasserman Schultz's comments imply that Republicans have simply ignored the issue of pre-existing conditions altogether. They have not. They have taken a different tack from  the Democrats. And Democrats may not agree that dealing with the issue through state-run high-risk pools is an adequate plan, but it is a plan. And so we rule Wasserman Schultz's comment .
Statement: Bill Gates hatches 'horribly stupid' plan to block out the sun
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 21, 2022
Topics: environment;climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: an article
Fact-check justification: An article headline says, "Bill Gates hatches 'horribly stupid' plan to block out the sun." Gates did not create such a plan. He is among the donors to a program that’s funding a small-scale experiment proposed by Harvard researchers that would spray aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight back into space. The experiment would measure the risks and effectiveness of the technology and is not an effort at widespread implementation. We rate this  .
Statement: Beto O'Rourke wants to confiscate guns because he can't buy one himself due to his criminal record.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 13, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: crime;public safety;guns
Fact-check justification: Both cases were dismissed and he was not convicted of either charge. O'Rourke could have passed a gun-purchase background check and obtained a license to carry once the charges were dismissed. Even if he had been convicted of these charges, he still could purchase a gun today. We rate this  . : The statement is not accurate