chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Just 400 Americans -- 400 -- have more wealth than half of all Americans combined.
Speaker: michael moore
About the speaker: Michael Moore directed the movie "Capitalism: A Love Story" and is a well-known documentary filmmaker. His movies includes "Roger and Me," "Bowling for Columbine," "Fahrenheit 9/11," and "Sicko." He won the Academy Award for best documentary in 2002 with "Bowling for Columbine," and he was a nominee in 2007 for "Sicko." Michael Moore's Web site is www.MichaelMoore.com.
Date: March 5, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: economy;poverty;state budget
Context: Madison, Wisconsin
Fact-check justification: So that drags down the total net worth for the poorer half of U.S. households that Moore cited. We also want to add one cautionary note, from Mitchell of the Cato Institute, about Moore’s methodology: The Federal Reserve uses hard numbers to calculate the net worth of all households, but Forbes uses assumptions and interviews along with hard numbers in estimating the net worth of the Forbes 400. There’s no way to know how the differences between the two affect the net worth numbers, but Moore used the data that are available and there’s no indication he "cherry-picked" figures for a desired result, Mitchell said. With that caveat, our assessment indicates that as of 2009, the net worth of the nation’s 400 wealthiest individuals exceeds the net worth of half of all American households. We rate Moore’s statement .
Statement: Christine Blasey Ford claims that she called a friend on her cell phone after the 'attack' in or around 1982.
Speaker: top stories usa
About the speaker: Top Stories USA is a website that runs a variety of conservative content.
Date: September 29, 2018
Topics: legal issues;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Top Stories USA post on Facebook said, "Christine Blasey Ford claims that she called a friend on her cell phone after the ‘attack’ in or around 1982. The first cell phone was sold for $3,995 in March of 1984." Ford never said anything about using a cell phone after the alleged attack. We rate the statement .
Statement: Ninety-seven percent of the time. That's how often Mark Warner votes with President Obama.
Speaker: republican party of virginia
About the speaker: The Virginia wing of the national Republican Party.
Date: April 25, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: message machine 2014;voting record
Context: a web ad
Fact-check justification: The Republican Party of Virginia says Warner has voted with Obama "97 percent of the time." Warner, since entering the Senate in 2009, indeed has taken the same position as the president 97 percent of the time when Obama outlined a clear position, according to Congressional Quarterly. That includes voting for Obamacare. The presidential support rating is by no means a wide measure of performance by Warner or any other member of Congress. The president staked out a position on only 28 percent of the Senate roll call votes since 2009 and more than half of those were to confirm presidential appointments. Senate Democrats, on the whole, have backed the president 95.4 percent of the time during Warner’s term. It should be noted that broad voting studies by the National Journal and Open Congress rate Warner as one of the most conservative Democrats in the Senate. Warner’s presidential support rating, however, is what it is: 97 percent. So we rate the GOP’s statement .
Statement: Photos show U.S. senators sleeping in the chamber.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 25, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: But the images in the tweet show members of the House of Lords , the upper house of Parliament in the United Kingdom — not American lawmakers.    The images in the post can be found online with the context that they were taken in the Lords Chamber. The original tweet describing these people as U.S. senators has been deleted. The account posted that it had mistakenly used images of the House of Lords . We rate this post .
Statement: Obamacare will question your sex life.
Speaker: betsy mccaughey
About the speaker: Betsy McCaughey is chairman of the Committee to Reduce Infection Deaths and former lieutenant governor of New York state.
Date: September 15, 2013
Location: national
Topics: health care;privacy issues
Context: the New York Post
Fact-check justification: McCaughey says in "Obamacare will question your sex life" that you can thank the president’s health law for questions about your sexual activity, even if your doctor finds them unnecessary. She suggests it’s part of Obamacare’s move toward electronic health records. But incentives for electronic health records were part of the Recovery Act, not Obamacare. And they don’t require participating doctors to ask questions about your sex life. McCaughey frames her concern for patient privacy with an -free attack on Obamacare that veers toward the . We call it .
Statement: Says Ronald Reagan "understood repeatedly that when the deficit started to get out of control, that for him to make a deal he would have to propose both spending cuts and tax increases.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: April 3, 2012
Location: national
Topics: history;taxes
Context: remarks to the Newspaper Association of America
Fact-check justification: Obama said Reagan "understood repeatedly that when the deficit started to get out of control, that for him to make a deal he would have to propose both spending cuts and tax increases." Reagan typically did not make tax increases part of his own proposals. But he did approve and even advocate for budget deals that included increases to tax revenues, and he spoke of tax fairness in ways that contrast sharply with today’s Republicans in Congress. We rate Obama’s statement .
Statement: Says Ted Budd "voted to gut protections for pre-existing conditions … letting insurance companies deny coverage for (necessary) treatment.
Speaker: kathy manning
About the speaker: Kathy Manning is a candidate for Congress in North Carolina's 13th Congressional District.
Date: October 9, 2018
Location: north carolina
Topics: health care
Context: a television ad
Fact-check justification: Manning’s ad said Ted Budd "voted to gut protections for pre-existing conditions … letting insurance companies deny coverage for the treatment (Lilly) needs." The bill included a line stating that insurers would not have been allowed to restrict access to healthcare for people with pre-existing conditions. But in a limited way, the AHCA would have rolled back protections for pre-existing conditions by letting some insurers raise premiums based on a person’s health status under certain circumstances. This could have led to somewhere between 4 and 13 percent of people under 65 with pre-existing conditions facing higher premiums.   Overall, Manning’s ad is partially accurate, but leaves out important details and context. We rate this statement . This story was produced by the North Carolina Fact-Checking Project, a partnership of McClatchy Carolinas, the Duke University Reporters’ Lab and PolitiFact. The NC Local News Lab Fund and the International Center for Journalists provide support for the project, which shares fact-checks with newsrooms statewide.
Statement: Bill Nelson "leased land that he owned for six cows, taking advantage of an agricultural tax loophole to dodge $43,000 in taxes just last year.
Speaker: american crossroads
About the speaker: American Crossroads is a 527 campaign committee that supports Republican candidates.
Date: October 2, 2012
Location: florida
Topics: agriculture;taxes
Context: a TV commercial
Fact-check justification: The ad’s claims and figures about Nelson’s tax bill and Brevard County property are rooted in a report from the Tampa Bay Times . It’s accurate to say that Nelson was shielded from paying about $43,000 in property taxes because of his land has a greenbelt designation. The group emphasizes that Nelson is leasing the land, though the Times story is clear he does not charge for the Melbourne farmer to graze cows there. We think American Crossroads is stretching the  by claiming Nelson is "dodging" his taxes. That’s a derogatory phrase commonly used for someone who doesn’t pay what they owe. That’s not the case here, though people may disagree with Nelson paying the lower agricultural rate based on the presence of six cows on a vast pasture. We rate this  .
Statement: People want the minimum wage, they want marriage equality, they want women's health care. There's issues that actually that really do matter, social issues that matter to the people of this state. So I know Barbara would support those issues, I know the governor hasn't. You've seen the actions he's taken on them.
Speaker: stephen sweeney
About the speaker: State Senate President Stephen Sweeney is a Democrat representing Salem County and parts of Gloucester and Cumberland counties.
Date: June 1, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: health care;lgbtq;marriage;state budget;women;workers
Context: an interview on "On The Record with Michael Aron" program
Fact-check justification: Sweeney said, "People want the minimum wage, they want marriage equality, they want women’s health care," Sweeney said during the June 1 episode of ‘On The Record with Michael Aron.’ "There’s issues that actually that really do matter, social issues that matter to the people of this state. So I know Barbara would support those issues, I know the governor hasn’t. You’ve seen the actions he’s taken on them." We’ve determined that Christie appears to support a minimum-wage hike, albeit one that is quite a bit smaller than the one supported by Democrats; opposes gay marriage, but supports civil unions and letting voters decide the matter via referendum; and cut funding for that women’s health care that closed six family planning centers in the state. We rate Sweeney’s  .   To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .
Statement: 2018 interview shows Bill Gates has changed his position on clean energy
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 26, 2022
Topics: energy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a video
Fact-check justification: Our ruling  A Facebook post suggests that a 2018 interview shows Gates has changed his position on clean energy. The video cherry picked a moment from Gate’s commentary on climate change to suggest he was critical of efforts to support sustainable energy. The full interview makes it clear that Gates supported renewable energy. He said that more must be done to deal with greenhouse gas emissions from airplanes, cows, cement, steel and other sources.   We rate this  .
Statement: Says "Amanda Fritz publicly claimed to be endorsed by NARAL Pro-Choice Oregon, both on her website and in the voter's guide.
Speaker: mary nolan
About the speaker: Mary Nolan represents Southwest Portland in the Oregon House of Representatives. She has said she will run for a seat on the Portland City Council in 2012
Date: April 24, 2012
Location: oregon
Topics: city government;message machine 2012;women
Context: a campaign press release
Fact-check justification: She listed the Choice Action Team under supporters and online as a green-light giver. She even received written permission from a Choice Action Team person to use the group’s name in the Voters’ Pamphlet. NARAL says Fritz shouldn’t  support but other candidates are freely doing the same thing without complaint from the group’s leaders. The statement is accurate about the website, but  about the voters’ guide. We find Nolan’s statement .
Statement: When Deborah took office, the (Sellwood Bridge) project had languished for years, with only $11 million in funds. With her leadership the remaining funding was secured that got the project moving forward.
Speaker: deborah kafoury
About the speaker: Deborah Kafoury is a former Multnomah County commissioner and state legislator. She currently is running for Multnomah County chair.
Date: April 15, 2014
Location: oregon
Topics: county government;elections;infrastructure
Context: a campaign website statement
Fact-check justification: Kafoury also lobbied federal officials for a grant that closed a remaining funding gap, but work around that grant was largely staff-driven. Kafoury played a pivotal role in securing the bridge’s first big chunk of money, which was key to getting it going. But she wasn’t the only to show "leadership" on the project. Other legislators had to buy into the transportation bill, and leaders such as Adams, Wheeler and Cogen helped secure money from the city of Portland. We rate Kafoury’s  .
Statement: Every president since Eisenhower has taken executive action to address immigration issues.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: November 20, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: immigration;history
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Kaine, in backing Obama, said, "Every president since Eisenhower has taken executive action to address immigration issues." Historical records back Kaine. But Kaine’s compact  omits important context: Obama’s immigration actions can be viewed as much more sweeping than those of his predecessors. So Kaine’s statement is accurate but needs more information. We rate it .
Statement: Study proves children's hearts destroyed by COVID vaccine.
Speaker:  infowars
About the speaker: Infowars is a conspiracy oriented website run by Alex Jones.
Date: February 5, 2022
Topics: health care;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an InfoWars video
Fact-check justification: "Children are much more likely to develop heart issues after COVID-19 infection than after the vaccine," said Elias. "When children develop myocarditis after COVID-19 infection, it’s typically much more severe than when it occurs post-vaccine." The American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics both recommend COVID-19 vaccination for children over age five. Children are more likely to avoid heart complications from COVID-19 with vaccination than without. We rate this  .
Statement: Says aquatic life near Alaska, Canada and Australia have been found with cancer and mutations as a result of the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: September 8, 2019
Topics: environment;natural disasters ;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claimed that several species of marine life near Alaska, Canada and Australia have been found with cancer, mutations and radiation as a result of the Fukushima nuclear disaster. None of the photos included in the post have been linked to radiation from the disaster, or even to Japan in general. Studies show that sharks and other marine life are capable of getting cancerous tumors and lesions, albeit not exclusively because of radiation. And while scientists have found elevated levels of radioactive elements in fish off the coast of Fukushima, most sea life is safe to consume — and officials in the U.S. and Australia have not found similar radiation. The Facebook post contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: House Republicans who complained they didn't have enough time to consider a constitutional ban against oil drilling "shoved through a proposal in just a few days to open state waters to oil drilling.
Speaker: alex sink
About the speaker: Alex Sink is a candidate for Congress in Florida's 13th Congressional District. She served as Florida's Chief Financial Officer from 2007 to 2011. She was the Democratic Party's nominee for governor in 2010, but lost to Rick Scott.
Date: July 20, 2010
Location: florida
Topics: environment;energy;oil spill
Context: remarks to reporters
Fact-check justification: The special session to consider the oil drilling constitutional amendment was scheduled to last four days . Of course, it lasted just a few hours. In chastising Republican lawmakers, state CFO Alex Sink said the House "shoved through a proposal in just a few days to open state waters to oil drilling." It took House lawmakers just five working days from first seeing the bill to passing it. We rate Sink's statement .
Statement: Says Donald Trump signed the Insurrection Act and "still is president.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: May 27, 2021
Topics: legal issues;military;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: "Every prior president to invoke the Insurrection Act has complied with this requirement," Anderson said. "Trump never issued such a proclamation so, regardless of what he did or did not sign on January 14th, he did not take the steps necessary to invoke the Insurrection Act." Syracuse University law professor Mark Nevitt, whose specialties include constitutional and national security law, said there is no  that the National Guard has been federalized, or the military has been activated under Insurrection Act authorities.   "President Biden is currently the commander in chief and Lloyd Austin is the secretary of defense; they have legal authority over the military," he said. We rate the post .
Statement: Jasper County in Texas raised property taxes by 7 percent in order to pay for one death penalty case.
Speaker: ron paul
About the speaker: Ron Paul, a Texas physician, served two stints in the U.S. House. He also was the Libertarian Party nominee for president in 1988 before later seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2012. He didn't seek re-election to the House in 2012.
Date: June 14, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: criminal justice;crime;taxes
Context: an opinion column
Fact-check justification: Paul said Jasper County "raised property taxes by 7 percent in order to pay for one death penalty case." The chief appraiser’s research and letter demonstrates there was nearly a 7 percent first-year increase in taxes attributed to the costs of a death penalty trial. We rate Paul’s  .  – The statement is accurate and there’s nothing significant missing. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says a group "estimates that the annual cost to Oregon taxpayers for government services to illegal aliens, after any income tax revenue from them, is $1 billion.
Speaker: oregon republican party
About the speaker: The Oregon Republican Party is the state GOP party.
Date: May 29, 2013
Location: oregon
Topics: immigration;economy;education;state budget;workers;taxes
Context: a press release
Fact-check justification: The statement includes an element of . There is some basis for some of the numbers. We can sympathize with critics of illegal immigration who say it’s appropriate to include the costs of educating children, even if they are U.S. citizens. But citizens are not "aliens" and the bulk of the estimated $1 billion goes to provide services to people entitled to receive those services. We find the statement .
Statement: Says Russ Feingold cast the "deciding vote" for the "largest tax increase" in history
Speaker: national republican senatorial committee
About the speaker: The National Republican Senatorial Committee helps elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate.
Date: August 7, 2015
Location: wisconsin
Topics: history;taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: In a news release, the National Republican Senatorial Committee said Russ Feingold cast the "deciding vote" for the largest tax increase in history. The 1993 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act was the largest at the time in terms of raw dollars, but does not get the top spot by the measure preferred by economists. As for Feingold being the "deciding vote," the Democrat once declared that himself. But Gore's vote was the real tiebreaker. Our definition for  is a statement that "contains some element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression." That fits here.
Statement: Only "four countries in the world… allow abortions after 20 weeks" of pregnancy.
Speaker: anita perry
About the speaker: Anita Perry became the First Lady of Texas when her husband, Rick, became governor in late 2000. According to a biographical post on the governor's website, she is dedicated to improving the health of her state, preserving its culture and promoting its business climate. Her husband didn't seek re-election in 2014.
Date: September 28, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: abortion
Context: an interview at the Texas Tribune Festival
Fact-check justification: Perry said only four countries allow legal abortions past 20 weeks into the gestational period. The United States, Canada, North Korea and China fit that measure, but Singapore and the Netherlands do as well. Also, far more countries permit abortions in certain circumstances in which the pregnancy would damage the woman’s well-being, be it physical, mental or economic. We rate this partially accurate  as .  – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: African Americans in Missouri are 75 percent more likely to be stopped and searched by law enforcement officers than caucasians.
Speaker: derrick johnson
About the speaker: Derrick Johnson is interim president and CEO of the NAACP.
Date: August 2, 2017
Location: missouri
Topics: legal issues;race and ethnicity
Context: a travel advisory
Fact-check justification: Johnson stated that African Americans in Missouri are 75 percent more likely to be stopped and searched by law enforcement officers than caucasians. Blacks in Missouri are 75 percent more likely to be stopped by law enforcement officers than whites, which is reflected in the attorney general data. That’s not  about searches. Blacks are 57 percent more likely to be searched than whites. The discrepancy in searches is huge, but it’s not 75 percent. We rate Johnson’s statement .