chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: After a decade of decline, this country created over half a million manufacturing jobs in the last two and a half years.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: September 6, 2012
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: Charlotte, N.C
Fact-check justification: That’s "over half a million manufacturing jobs," as Obama put it. It’s worth noting that while the reversal has been striking, this rise has still replaced only a fraction of the manufacturing jobs lost during the "decade of decline." The manufacturing jobs gained during the turnaround replaced less than 10 percent of the jobs lost during the decade of decline. Our rating The rise in manufacturing jobs that Obama is referring to may be modest compared to the prior decade’s decline, but he has described the numbers carefully. We rate his statement .
Statement: Kendall Jenner edited a photo to look like she was holding a "Black Lives Matter" sign.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 8, 2022
Topics: race and ethnicity;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: I DID NOT post this," she wrote in a Twitter reply on June 6 2020 . In the original image , which news reports said at the time was taken at her birthday celebration in 2019, Jenner is holding a water bottle and she’s not wearing a face mask, as she appears to be in the altered photo.   A Twitter post that BuzzFeed reported was the first to share the altered photo has been deleted.   We couldn’t find any  to corroborate the  that Jenner edited and shared this photo. We rate claims that she did .
Statement: Under Obamacare, "premiums have doubled and tripled" in Wisconsin.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: October 14, 2016
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: And an analysis by PolitiFact Wisconsin found similar numbers. Those increases are only  for the 6 percent of Wisconsinites buying insurance on the individual market, but that was the group specifically identified in the debate question to which Johnson was responding. And while the study did not differentiate on the health of policyholders, it did provide a general range for how premiums changed after the Affordable Care Act. We rate Johnson’s statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/c8000c04-45f8-4d6e-9c91-5c00e6a46cba
Statement: I would do press events in May, I would never be asked about coronavirus.''
Speaker: ron desantis
About the speaker: Ron DeSantis announced on May 24, 2023 that he is running for president in the Republican primary. DeSantis won the race for Florida governor in 2018 and 2022. DeSantis was first elected to Congress in 2012 and resigned in September 2018 to focus on his campaign. He represented Florida's 6th Congressional District which is south of St. Augustine and north of Orlando and includes Daytona Beach. DeSantis initially ran for U.S. Senate in 2016 but dropped out after Marco Rubio decided to seek re-election.
Date: June 26, 2020
Location: florida
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: DeSantis said, "I would do press events in May, I would never be asked about coronavirus,'' His spokespersons did not respond to our multiple queries to figure out which events he had in mind. Our own review shows that he was asked about coronavirus issues at many press conferences. Questions related to unemployment, nursing homes, rules about reopening and how the state would handle spikes. We rate this  .
Statement: One of every two Wisconsin residents are "on some kind of government handout.
Speaker: scott fitzgerald
About the speaker: Scott Fitzgerald is a U.S. Representative, R-Wisconsin, for the state's 5th Congressional District. He took office in 2021. He previously served as the state's Senate Majority Leader. He was first elected as state senator in 1994.
Date: May 21, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: federal budget;medicare;social security
Context: a speech at the state GOP convention
Fact-check justification: Many people would not consider those programs handouts. Here’s the bottom line: Fitzgerald made a bold statement at the state GOP convention -- that one out of every two Wisconsin residents "is on some kind of government handout." He was able to provide no  to back the , and even one of his aides essentially acknowledged it was . The Senate leader later provided a different number, but the data he relied on is not specific to Wisconsin. We rate Fitzgerald’s statement .
Statement: Says Joe Kyrillos "voted to raid the state's pension funds by $2.8 billion that is costing New Jersey taxpayers still today to the tune of nearly $15 billion dollars to repay that money.
Speaker: robert menendez
About the speaker: Robert Menendez, a Democrat, has been serving as one of New Jersey's U.S. Senators since January 2006. Menendez previously served as a member of the House of Representatives.
Date: June 8, 2012
Location: new jersey
Topics: deficit;message machine 2012;pensions
Context: an interview on NJTV’s “On the Record”
Fact-check justification: Menendez said Kyrillos "voted to raid the state's pension funds by $2.8 billion that is costing New Jersey taxpayers still today to the tune of nearly $15 billion dollars to repay that money." Kyrillos voted in favor of borrowing $2.75 billion to put into the state’s pension funds. The move allowed Whitman to avoid nearly $600 million in pension payments that year, but overall, money went into the system, not out of it. To call it a vote to raid pension funds by $2.8 billion is . Also, the bonds will cost taxpayers, in total, about $10.1 billion, not $15 billion. We rate this  . To comment on this ruling, go to NJ.com .
Statement: Says Hillary Clinton "savaged" the dignity of people who accused Bill Clinton of sexual harassment or assault "and shamed them.
Speaker: rebuilding america now
About the speaker: Rebuilding America Now is a pro-Donald Trump super PAC created for the 2016 presidential election and chaired by Florida Gov. Rick Scott.
Date: June 23, 2016
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;history;women
Context: an advertisement against Hillary Clinton
Fact-check justification: A pro-Trump advertisement makes several claims about Hillary Clinton’s hypocritical treatment of women, relying primarily on her own words or those of close confidants. The broader message — that Clinton enabled her husband’s alleged sexual assaults — has been and continues to be debated, by pundits and experts alike. We didn't weigh in on those arguments, but we did look into the ad’s more specific use of quotes attributed to Clinton. The quotes themselves are hearsay in some cases and subject to different interpretations based on context. The ad further misleads by saying Hillary Clinton "savaged" the dignity of people who accused Bill Clinton of sexual harassment or assault "and shamed them." We rate this  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/26258019-ded0-4ed2-aec3-33d9bb6b14d6
Statement: Joe Biden was called for Michigan even though Donald Trump won more votes.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: November 5, 2020
Location: michigan
Topics: elections;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: By about 8:30 a.m. on Nov. 5, the secretary of state’s website showed Biden winning by about 150,000 votes, more than twice the size of the lead he had when he was declared the winner. When Biden was declared the winner, he had more votes than Trump. We rate the  . This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click here , for more.
Statement: Says Ted Cruz tweeted, "I'll believe in climate change when Texas freezes over.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: February 19, 2021
Location: texas
Topics: climate change;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: In 2015, for example, he said satellite data showed "there has been no significant global warming for the past 18 years." During an NPR interview that year, he said "climate change is the perfect pseudoscientific theory for a big government politician who wants more power." In 2018, as he defended his Senate seat against a challenge from then-Rep. Beto O’Rourke, Cruz said , "the climate has been changing from the dawn of time." But we couldn’t find anything to corroborate this tweet about climate change and Texas freezing over.   We rate this post .
Statement: Says income tax rates under Eisenhower were as high as 90 percent.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: November 14, 2015
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Des Moines, Iowa
Fact-check justification: Sanders said income tax rates under Eisenhower were as high as 90 percent. A look through the records shows that top earners in the eight years of Eisenhower’s presidency paid a top income tax rate of 91 percent. It was even a bit higher before he took office. We rate Sanders’ statement .
Statement: Says Virginia economic development officials "decided they didn't want to bid on" his company's electric automobile plant.
Speaker: terry mcauliffe
About the speaker: Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat, was elected governor of Virginia on Nov. 5, 2013. He received 47.8 percent of the vote in defeating Republican Ken Cuccinelli, who came in at 45.2 percent. Robert Sarvis, a Libertarian, finished a distant third with 6.5 percent.
McAuliffe's inaguration as Virginia's 72nd governor is scheduled on Jan. 11, 2014.
McAuliffe, a wealthy businessman and noted political fundraiser, was co-chairman of President Bill Clinton's 1996 reelection campaign. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2005 and chairman of Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, McAuliffe unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Virginia governor.
McAuliffe was born in Syracuse, N.Y., on Feb. 9, 1957. He has a bachelor's degree from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., and a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. McAuliffe has lived in Fairfax County for more than 20 years, is married and has five children.
 
Date: December 5, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: candidate biography;china;economy;energy
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: McAuliffe blamed VEDP for his company’s decision to locate an electric car plant in Mississippi rather than Virginia. "They decided they didn’t want to bid on it," he said. Records showed VEDP staff were interested in the project and were in the process of its due diligence when GreenTech moved ahead with a plant in Mississippi. VEDP had "grave concerns" about GreenTech’s business plan. The agency said GreenTech Agency officials had no "demonstrated experience" in manufacturing cars. It doubted the company’s job estimates. It questioned the ethics of GreenTech’s plan to raise money from foreign investors in exchange for U.S. residency. The record shows that VEDP asked GreenTech to address its concerns and waited in vain for replies. Without those answers, VEDP would not negotiate monetary support for that, or any, project. Contrary to McAuliffe’s , there is no  the state agency decided not to bid on the project. Emails show VEDP took GreenTech officials on a tour of potential sites and contacted the company about coming to Virginia almost two years after GreenTech announced it was building a plant in Mississippi. We rate McAuliffe’s statement .
Statement: Taxes for every New Yorker are lower today than when I started
Speaker: andrew cuomo
About the speaker: Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, was elected to his first term as governor of New York in 2010.
Date: November 16, 2016
Location: new york
Topics: economy;taxes
Context: Fishkill, NY
Fact-check justification: "Taxes for every New Yorker are lower today than when I started," Cuomo said during an event in Fishkill. If Cuomo had said income taxes for every New Yorker are now lower, he would have been right. It’s  that income taxes for individuals, corporations, and manufacturers are lower than when he took office in 2011. Although the Cuomo administration has slowed property tax growth through a state-imposed cap, property taxes continue to increase for residents. And the property tax takes a bigger bite than the income tax for many residents.  Also, the state has also approved some sales tax increases at the county level since Cuomo took office. We rate this  as .
Statement: According to a federal report, Obamacare will increase the long-term federal deficit by $6.2 trillion.
Speaker: paul broun
About the speaker: U.S. House Rep. Paul Broun, a Republican, is from Athens. He represents Georgia's 10th congressional district.
Date: September 29, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: deficit;federal budget;health care
Context: a newspaper op-ed
Fact-check justification: That amount was extrapolated using data from the GAO report by a group of GOP Senate Budget Committee staffers. What the report does say is that the health care law could cause the federal deficit to increase if cost-savings measures are phased out over time. But if the law is fully implemented, it could actually lower the deficit over time. Broun, like other politicos before him, repeats a selective version of the report to support his , while omitting alternative positive findings of the same report. We rate his  .
Statement: Says Democratic Senators "demand Supreme Court nominee not be unduly influenced by U.S. Constitution.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: July 3, 2018
Topics: fake news;supreme court;punditfact
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: Several readers sent us emails flagging the image and asking that we check it out, so we did. We discovered that each quote is entirely made-up. As it turns out, the quotes can be traced to a June 29, 2018, article from the Babylon Bee, a website that describes itself as "your trusted source for Christian news satire." We searched Google and Nexis and did not find any credible reports quoting Schumer, Warren or Booker in such fashion. We rate this image !
Statement: Democrats are kind of falling over each other seeing who can raise taxes faster. It looks like they're going to raise taxes anywhere between 20 to 30 percent.
Speaker: rudy giuliani
About the speaker: Rudy Giuliani is the former mayor of New York City. He was born in Brooklyn in 1944 and previously served as a federal prosecutor, as well as an associate attorney general under President Reagan. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from New York University Law School. He has been married since 2003 to Judith Nathan and was married twice before. He has two children, Andrew and Caroline. He withdrew from the presidential race on Jan. 30, 2008.
Date: July 30, 2007
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Laconia, New Hampshire
Fact-check justification: There are two problems with this. First of all, the Democrats aren't advocating the elimination of all of the 2001 tax cuts. And second, the logic of the Giuliani argument is that a rise in revenues is the same as a tax increase. If that's the standard, than President Bush's own budget for 2008, released in February, includes a 29 percent tax increase over the same period, too. Nope, that doesn't cut it.
Statement: The Common Core was not put together by the Department of Education in Washington. It was put together by governors and by states.
Speaker: kay hagan
About the speaker: Kay Hagan served one term as a Democrat representing North Carolina in the U.S Senate.
Date: October 7, 2014
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: In the North Carolina debate, Hagan said, "Common Core was not put together by the Department of Education in Washington," she said. "It was put together by governors and by states." She is right about how the program was assembled, although it’s worth noting that the federal government has given states financial incentives to adopt the standards. We rate her  .
Statement: A photo shows birds that "dropped dead" in Kentucky after the train derailment in Ohio.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 16, 2023
Location: ohio
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: (Read more about our partnership with Meta , which owns Facebook.) The photo was taken in downtown Little Rock, Arkansas, in April 2018.   The Arkansas Democrat-Gazette reported that the birds were likely cedar waxwings, which feed almost exclusively on berries.   Karen Rowe, an ornithologist with the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, told the newspaper that recent warm days and cool nights may have caused berries in the area to ferment, getting the birds so intoxicated that they fell out of trees or off buildings and died. We rate claims that a photo shows dead birds in Kentucky in the wake of the Ohio train derailment .
Statement: President Barack Obama has "weakened the respect for America abroad.
Speaker: callista gingrich
About the speaker: Callista Ginrgich is the wife of Newt Ginrgich, the former Republican Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives and former presidential candidate.
Date: August 30, 2012
Location: national
Topics: foreign policy;polls and public opinion
Context: Tampa
Fact-check justification: Callista Gingrich stated that Obama has "weakened the respect for America abroad." Using the most reasonable yardstick -- comparing Bush’s last number to Obama’s most recent number -- the United States on average has higher favorability ratings in most countries Pew surveyed. However, America’s favorability has eroded somewhat since Obama’s first year in office, though it’s still above the final levels of the Bush administration. On balance, we rate Callista Gingrich’s statement .
Statement: An app called Talking Angela asks children personal questions and takes their photo.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 7, 2019
Topics: children;technology;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post claims that the Talking Angela app asks children personal questions and takes their picture without warning. It’s  that the app once allowed users to text with Angela if the app was not in "child mode," but that option appears to have been stripped of all versions, regardless of the user’s age or settings. Pushing the heart in the corner of the app also doesn’t take a picture, as the Facebook post says. Rather, it generates a fortune with a picture of Angela that users can save to their photos on their phones. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: The CDC said that 75% of COVID-19 deaths have involved people with at least four comorbidities.
Speaker: aaron rodgers
About the speaker: Aaron Rodgers is a quarterback in the National Football League for the Green Bay Packers. 
Date: January 21, 2022
Location: national
Topics: public health;sports;coronavirus
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Rodgers claimed that the CDC said that 75% of COVID-19 deaths involved people who had four or more comorbidities. This misrepresents the CDC’s findings. The figure is based on a study involving fully vaccinated individuals that found over 75% of deaths in that group occurred in people who had multiple other diseases and conditions. The statistic was cited by medical officials as  that the vaccines were effective in preventing severe disease. We rate his  .
Statement: A lot of people can get an additional $2,400" from the CARES Act "and they can do it every month!
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: May 19, 2020
Topics: economy;public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: The radio station does not make that clear.   Several Instagram users commented on the post, calling it "very " and "click bait." "Stop giving us  news," wrote one user. The Instagram post contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: What's clear is (Romney) likes firing people.
Speaker: jon huntsman
About the speaker: Jon Huntsman was the governor of Utah from 2005 to 2009. He served as ambassador to China from 2009 to 2011. He is a Republican candidate for president in 2012. 
Date: January 9, 2012
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;economy;jobs
Context: Concord, N.H
Fact-check justification: Romney certainly phrased his comment awkwardly enough to give Huntsman support for his attack. But Huntsman distorted the comment by making it sound like Romney was heartlessly firing employees. Huntsman zeroed in on the "firing people" part of Romney’s quote while ignoring the fact that Romney was talking about switching insurance companies. Worse, Huntsman said it’s "clear" that Romney feels that way. In fact, it’s not clear at all. We rate Huntsman’s statement .