chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Sherrod Brown was just voted two years in a row the most liberal senator in the United States of America" and is more liberal than Sen. Bernie Sanders.
Speaker: josh mandel
About the speaker: Josh Mandel, a Republican from Lyndhurst, is a Marine veteran who served two tours in Iraq. He served as Ohio treasurer from 2011 to 2019.  Before that, he was a state representative from the 17th Ohio House District. He unsuccessfully challenged Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 US Senate race. Mandel is running for the GOP nomination for an Ohio U.S. Senate seat in 2022.
Date: June 24, 2011
Location: ohio
Context: a radio interview
Fact-check justification: And both were careful to say that Brown was "rated" or "judged" the most liberal, attributing the  as opposed to making it themselves.   Yet there is so much more information available, and so many more details -- the nine-way tie in 2010, the Sanders position in only one of the years (and not the most recent), the other ratings in which Brown was not first.    A casual  listener or reader would miss out on important context if he or she only heard their  and didn’t see the fuller picture. A statement that is accurate but leaves out important details like these gets one rating on the -O-Meter: . Comment on this item .
Statement: Shell Oil laying off 9,000 workers" because of Joe Biden.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: February 8, 2021
Topics: energy;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The move followed similar steps taken by its European rivals, BP and ENI, which also plan to reduce their focus on oil and gas and build new low-carbon businesses, according to Reuters. Shell said in April that it would become a net-zero emissions company by 2050.   The job cuts will range from 7,000 to 9,000 workers by the end of 2022, according to Business Insider. Shell’s CEO has said there are "too many layers in the company" and that it is "looking to remove that complexity, and cost." We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama want to raise taxes on dividends, a move that would crash the stock market.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: March 13, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: Another tax policy expert also shot down the stock-market-crash scenario: "Raising the dividend tax could cause some high income U.S. investors to move some of their wealth out of stocks, but all the analyses I have seen suggested the effect on the stock market would be small and would be swamped by changes in stock prices due to other causes," said Eric Toder, a tax policy expert with the Urban Institute. We find the e-mail gets its summary of the dividends tax only partially correct, though it is right that Obama specifically proposes an increase on the tax and Clinton has indicated she wants to let the Bush tax cuts expire for higher-income taxpayers. But Clinton hasn't staked out a specific change on the dividends tax and it's  for the e-mail to use one. And, the e-mail is  to suggest a change in the dividends tax would cause the stock market to crash. We rate its claims .
Statement: Says "some [states] with the largest reductions in crime have also lowered their prison population.
Speaker: newt gingrich
About the speaker: Newt Gingrich is a political adviser and author. A former Georgia congressman, Gingrich served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich sought the GOP nomination for president in 2012.
Date: January 7, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: criminal justice;crime;state budget
Context: an op-ed
Fact-check justification: There is some debate about what factors are causing a decline in crime. Gingrich and Nolan argued that "some" states with major reductions in crime have also had large drops in their incarceration rate. The Pew figures provide support to Gingrich’s point. So does the National Institute of Corrections data. Therefore, we rate Gingrich’s statement as .
Statement: I think what the authors of the (25th) Amendment principally had in mind was some kind of physical incapacitation or serious mental illness or a breakdown, an inability to function in office.
Speaker: adam schiff
About the speaker: Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., is the ranking Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee. He represents California's 28th congressional district and was first elected to Congress in 2001. He is a graduate of Harvard Law School and Stanford University.
Date: August 20, 2017
Location: national
Topics: congress;disability;legal issues
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Schiff said, "I think what the authors of the (25th) Amendment principally had in mind was some kind of physical incapacitation or serious mental illness or a breakdown, an inability to function in office." The framers used deliberately broad language to allow for flexibility. But the record clearly shows they intended section four of the 25th Amendment to apply when a president is "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office" due to either physical or mental inability, and not principally as a strategy for ousting an unpopular president. We rate Schiff’s statement .
Statement: According to the most recent jobs report, "we've got more Americans leaving the workforce than we have finding jobs.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: September 12, 2013
Location: national
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a press conference
Fact-check justification: Boehner said that, according to the most recent jobs report, "we've got more Americans leaving the workforce than we have finding jobs." That is what the most recent one-month jobs report found. However, there’s less to this piece of data than meets the eye. Looking at the year-to-date and year-to-year figures show the opposite pattern, and Boehner’s calculation doesn’t account for the large numbers of baby boomers who are retiring because they no longer want to work. In all, Boehner has stated one fact correctly -- and put his finger on an issue of concern to economists -- but he’s ignored other pieces of that give a more nuanced impression. We rate his  .
Statement: The gender gap in his support is "not unique to me" and "there's not a huge gap from where Republicans have been in presidential, gubernatorial and US Senate elections" in recent years.
Speaker: scott walker
About the speaker: Scott Walker, a Republican, is the former governor of Wisconsin. He was first elected in November 2010. He survived a recall election in 2012, defeating Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett after igniting controversy with a bill curtailing public-employee union collective-bargaining rights.  He won re-election to a four-year term in November 2014 and was a 2016 presidential candidate before dropping out in September of 2015. He was defeated by Tony Evers in the 2018 gubernatorial election. Walker is a former Milwaukee County executive and former member of the state Assembly.
Date: October 14, 2014
Location: wisconsin
Topics: elections;women
Context: an interview
Fact-check justification: Burke has been winning 48 percent of female registered voters and 40 percent of male registered voters.         Our rating Walker said the gender gap in his support is "not unique to me" and "there’s not a huge gap from where Republicans have been in presidential, gubernatorial and US Senate elections" in recent years. Walker is correct when he suggests the gender gap in his race is not dramatically different from that seen for other Republican candidates in other comparable races in Wisconsin in recent history. At the same time, according to exit polls, Walker’s 2012 recall win featured a bigger gender gap than any other recent race for governor or U.S. Senate in Wisconsin. We rate his  .
Statement: Vanilla ice cream was black until 1912, when "white people couldn't tolerate eating something that tasted soooooo delicious being black.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: May 15, 2019
Topics: civil rights;history;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The  that vanilla ice cream used to be black appeared online around the same time. Snopes, for example, fact-checked it back in 2017 . "We contacted a representative for Morgenstern’s in 2017, who told us that the image indeed shows its ‘coconut ash’ flavor and confirmed that they also sold black cones," the story says. Since then, New York City has banned activated charcoal from food and drink in the city. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Under a proposed Georgia law, "women who miscarry could become felons.
Speaker: liberal blogger
About the speaker: Liberal blogger
Date: February 23, 2011
Location: georgia
Topics: abortion
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Women in Georgia and across the nation have previously been prosecuted for actions investigators think adversely affected their fetuses, even if the law does not specifically call for them to do so.    However, women who miscarry might not be handled as felons. It depends on how prosecutors and judges decide to handle the law. The statement could use a little more context. We therefore rule Phillips’ statement .
Statement: Says President Joe Biden "is trying to send taxpayer dollars to manufacturers overseas that do not abide by the same (carbon emission) standards we do at home.
Speaker: glenn grothman
About the speaker: Republican Glenn Grothman, of the Town of Glenbeulah in Sheboygan County, was first elected to Congress in 2014 after serving 21 years in the Wisconsin Legislature. He represents the 6th Congressional District in east-central Wisconsin that includes all or parts of Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Fond du Lac, Dodge, Winnebago, Columbia, Green Lake, Marquette and Waushara counties.  
 
Date: February 3, 2022
Location: wisconsin
Topics: environment;economy;trade;taxes
Context: Twitter
Fact-check justification: Grothman claimed Biden "is trying to send taxpayer dollars to manufacturers overseas that do not abide by the same (carbon emission) standards we do at home." That is certainly not the intent of the Build Back Better plan, which includes "Made in America" provisions and efforts to guard against this happening. But economists note that China’s dominance in rare earths, for instance, means they would benefit from the spending as well. For a statement that is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context, our rating is .
Statement: In Massachusetts, Gov. Romney narrowed the gap between students of different races.
Speaker: jeb bush
About the speaker: Jeb Bush was a Republican candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He served two terms as the governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. He is also the brother of former President George W. Bush and the son of former President George H.W. Bush. 
Date: August 30, 2012
Location: national
Topics: education
Context: a convention speech
Fact-check justification:     Bush said, "in Massachusetts, Gov. Romney narrowed the gap between students of different races." State education figures over two years support Bush’s  about learning gains when Romney was governor, although it’s worth noting that some areas declined on Romney’s watch, such as the drop-out rate. And it’s always somewhat dubious to take a snapshot of statistics from only one or two years, when, as d'Entremont said, "significant gains in student achievement don’t happen overnight, and the gains in Massachusetts are the result of a 20-year reform effort."     What’s more, Romney, a single-term governor, should not get all the credit for improvement in the achievement gap, which is influenced by myriad factors.     Bush’s statement about Romney is partially accurate but omits a lot of important information and overstates the former governor’s impact. We rate it .
Statement: Atlanta Mayor Kasim Reed held not one conversation with the public about the new Falcons stadium project
Speaker: william perry
About the speaker: William Perry is the executive director of Common Cause Georgia.
Date: March 20, 2013
Location: georgia
Topics: city government;transparency
Context: newspaper column
Fact-check justification: But the mayor did not initiate any of those meetings. And Reed did not host any town hall meetings in the communities that will be impacted most by the stadium. Perry has a point -- Reed could have done a lot more to engage the public in person. But Perry’s  statement needs a lot of context to be fully understood. We rated Perry’s statement .
Statement: If you look at states that are right to work, they constantly do not have budget deficits and they have very good business climates.
Speaker: nicholas kettle
About the speaker: Rhode Island State Sen. Nicholas D. Kettle, a Republican, represents Coventry, Foster and Scituate.
Date: January 27, 2012
Location: rhode island
Topics: economy;labor;states;unions;workers
Context: a radio talk show
Fact-check justification: Kettle said not only that right-to-work states do not run deficits, but that they "constantly" do not. But the source he used for this  clearly shows that since 2009 many right-to-work states have had budget deficits. For 2013, a much smaller share of right-to-work states are facing deficits than union states, but in past years the ratios have been very close. Clearly, then, this part of the  is not accurate. For the second part of the  -- that business climates are better in right-to-work states -- the research is not as clear. We found one study that found a greater historical increase in manufacturing jobs in select counties in right-to-work states than in neighboring counties in union states. But the author of that study was emphatic in saying that he could not prove that the increase was due to right-to-work laws. And the author of the Wall Street commentary Kettle cites also says pro-business policies matter for growth, not right-to-work laws specifically. The same can be said of the multiple business climate indexes we found. They did generally rank right-to-work states higher than union states, but they considered many other factors, including tax policy, that could account for the better rankings. We could not find any studies to prove Kettle’s  -- that right-to-work laws lead directly to better business climates. Overall, we rate Kettle’s statement . (Get updates from PolitiFactRI on Twitter . To comment or offer your ruling, visit us on our PolitiFact Rhode Island Facebook page.)
Statement: Says that Sarah Palin and Craig Huey "would ban a woman's right to choose in every case
Speaker: janice hahn
About the speaker: Janice Hahn is a Democratic Los Angeles City Councilwoman and is running to be a U.S. Congresswoman from California.
 
Date: June 7, 2011
Location: national
Topics: abortion
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Whether they "would ban" a woman’s right to choose, depends a bit on how you interpret the phrase "would" and whether they make any exceptions. It's  that Congress does not have the power to overturn Roe v. Wade -- which Huey’s campaign says he understands and respects. But we also think it's fair game to say what your opponent "would" do if they could. However, we think the word "ban" is too sweeping, since Palin, at least, makes an exception for the life of the mother.   We rate the  .
Statement: Says 19,000 text messages exchanged between former FBI officials that were "purposely and illegally deleted ... would have explained (the special counsel investigation) hoax.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: December 18, 2018
Location: national
Topics: legal issues
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump said 19,000 text messages exchanged between former FBI officials that were "purposely and illegally deleted ... would have explained (the special counsel investigation) hoax." The Justice Department inspector general’s report suggests the texts slipped through the cracks due to technical glitches with the FBI’s data-collection tool, not because Strzok and Page deliberately deleted them. An outside expert hired by the inspector general concluded "it was unlikely that Strzok and Page attempted to circumvent the FBI's text message collection capabilities," and the watchdog found no  they did. Trump’s suggestion that the messages are permanently lost is . The OIG recovered more than 19,000 messages from the government-issued Samsung phones of Strzok and Page, totaling more than 126,000 lines of text. And lastly, there is no  the texts show that the special counsel investigation is, as Trump called it, a "hoax." We rate this  .
Statement: Abortion providers perform almost 60,000 procedures in Texas every year.
Speaker: donna campbell
About the speaker: Donna Campbell, a New Braunfels physician, won election to represent Texas Senate District 25 in November 2012. In 2010, she was the Republican nominee for the U.S. House seat held by Democrat Lloyd Doggett of Austin.
Date: April 1, 2019
Location: texas
Topics: abortion
Context: the Texas Senate
Fact-check justification: In 2016, there were more than 54,000 abortions performed in Texas. Not all of those procedures were performed by providers who would fall under Campbell’s proposal. We rate this  .  – The statement is accurate but needs clarification or additional information.
Statement: Frankly, (Hillary Clinton) doesn't do very well with women.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: May 2, 2016
Location: national
Topics: polls and public opinion;women
Context: an interview on CNN's "New Day"
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Frankly, (Hillary Clinton) doesn’t do very well with women." The  he used to support this  during the CNN interview -- his large margins among women in recent GOP primaries -- is undeniable, but says nothing about how well Clinton does among women. In fact, looking at a cross-section of April polls, Clinton’s average lead over Trump among female voters is bigger than any nominee has registered in an actual presidential election election in at least 36 years. We rate Trump’s statement . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/7c1e3b4d-d33c-4769-96e9-886d503a362a
Statement: Says less than half of 1 percent of all the Texas legislators who ever served draw "a benefit" from pensions tied to the salaries of state district judges.
Speaker: doug miller
About the speaker: Doug Miller, a House member since 2011, is a former mayor of New Braunfels and former chairman of the board of the Edwards Aquifer Authority.
Date: May 21, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: pensions
Context: a Texas House floor debate
Fact-check justification: Miller said that "less than half of 1 percent" of Texas legislators through history have drawn a benefit from the pension tied to the salary of a state district judge. Granted, the state cannot reveal which legislators have qualified or chosen to take the pension. But by our reckoning based on legislative rosters, more than 7 percent of legislators through history could have qualified for the pension benefit. That’s  in itself, though, because only about 1,000 legislators have served since the benefit was put into law. We estimate that 39 percent of actual potential beneficiaries have served 10 years or more, meaning they could have qualified for the pension. Either percentage is considerably more than "less than half of 1 percent," leaving this  as .
Statement: As a candidate, President Obama "declared that everyone deserves access to reproductive health care that includes abortion, and vowed that this 'right' would be at the heart of his health care reform plan if elected president.
Speaker: john boehner
About the speaker: John Boehner of Ohio is the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was formerly the Republican minority leader from 2007-2011, and was the majority leader briefly prior to that.
Date: September 10, 2009
Location: national
Topics: abortion;health care
Context: a statement from the Minority Leader's office
Fact-check justification: So back to Boehner's . He said that candidate Obama "declared that everyone deserves access to reproductive health care that includes abortion, and vowed that this 'right' would be at the heart of his health care reform plan if elected president." The record shows that Obama did indeed make those statements. His message to the abortion rights group may have been deliberately fuzzy, but it's clear what he meant — and it was confirmed by the campaign to the Tribune reporter. We find Boehner's  to be .
Statement: Antifa was already inside the Capitol with floor plans dressed as Trump supporters" on Jan. 6, 2021, proving the attack "was 100% a setup.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 15, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: The woman seen in the Facebook video shouting directions to "coordinate" through a bullhorn is Rachel Powell of Pennsylvania, who started embracing Trump during his presidency and voted for him in 2020, she told The New Yorker . Powell was indicted on eight counts in March 2021. She has pleaded not guilty on all counts. Her case has not yet gone to trial. We rate this Facebook post .
Statement: Trenton politicians cut $1.3 billion from education.
Speaker: new jersey education association
About the speaker: The New Jersey Education Association is the state's largest teachers union.
Date: September 3, 2013
Location: new jersey
Topics: education;state budget
Context: a video ad
Fact-check justification: A recent video ad by the NJEA claims, "Trenton politicians cut $1.3 billion from education." Christie made two rounds of cuts between the time he took office in January 2010 and in the FY 2011 budget, which was ultimately approved by the state Legislature. The combined cuts totaled just under $1.3 billion. Although some aid has since been restored, the NJEA  is correct about the amount of the cuts. We rate the  . To comment on this story, go to NJ.com .