chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Yes, this would be the same congressman (Rep. Pete Hoekstra) who last year Tweeted the whereabouts of a top-secret mission to Iraq.
Speaker: keith olbermann
About the speaker: Keith Olbermann is the host of Countdown with Keith Olbermann on MSNBC.
Date: June 18, 2009
Location: national
Topics: military;pundits
Context: his MSNBC "Countdown" program
Fact-check justification: No. We see these reported all the time in the press." So Olbermann hasn't just exaggerated, he's incorrectly described the visit as a "top-secret mission." Without knowing the background, you might think Hoekstra spilled the beans on some covert military operation. We rule Olbermann's statement .
Statement: A transcript released by Occidental College proves that Barack Obama was an Indonesian citizen.
Speaker: chain email
About the speaker: Chain emails circulate on the Internet, usually anonymously, making a variety of political claims.
Date: June 28, 2010
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography;obama birth certificate
Context: a chain e-mail
Fact-check justification: They are almost exclusively awarded to students pursuing advanced degrees, according to James Lawrence, a public affairs officer for the Fulbright program. The American Indonesian Exchange Foundation now handles Fulbright awards for Indonesian citizens, and only those with an undergraduate degree and applying for a master's or doctoral degree are eligible. However, AMINEF was established in 1992, and it is unclear who handled Indonesian Fulbrights before that, or if Indonesian Fulbrights even existed in 1981. An attempt to contact the organization in Indonesia was unsuccessful.    This chain e-mail is  about AP, the transcripts and the name, and we found no  of a Fulbright, so we're giving it a .
Statement: Says Ron Paul doesn't believe in marriage licenses.
Speaker: gail collins
About the speaker: Gail Collins is a columnist with the New York Times. She previously served on the New York Times editorial board and as a columnist for the New York Daily News and Newsday.
Date: December 14, 2011
Location: texas
Topics: marriage
Context: an oped column
Fact-check justification: Paul refers to the licensing mandate in another part of the marriage chapter, saying: "The best approach is to make marriage a private matter. When we no longer believe that civilization is dependent on government expansion, regulating excesses, and a license for everything we do, we will know that civilization and the ideas of liberty are advancing." "Licensing for social reasons reflects the intolerant person’s desire to mold other people’s behavior to their standard," Paul writes. "Both depend on the use of illegitimate government force." We rate Collins’  .
Statement: Funeral directors say "no one is dying from COVID" and "the only ones dying are from the vaccine.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: June 23, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: An Instagram post claimed that funeral directors have said "the only ones dying are from the vaccine." An official from the National Funeral Directors Association had not heard anyone make this . The  emerged from a website where anyone can post articles. CDC data shows that deaths from COVID-19 are occurring predominantly among unvaccinated people, and have fallen dramatically since mass vaccination efforts began earlier this year. We rate this  .
Statement: Now, I also support the Bush tax cuts. Sen. McCain voted against them originally. He now believes they should be made permanent. I'm glad he agrees they should be made permanent.
Speaker: mitt romney
About the speaker: Mitt Romney is a U.S. senator from Utah. He ran for president in 2012 as the Republican nominee, losing to incumbent President Barack Obama. Prior to that, Romney served one term as governor of Massachusetts, elected to the post in 2002. He was born in 1947 in Michigan, where his father was governor from 1963 to 1969. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University and received both a law degree and an MBA from Harvard University. Romney helped found the investment firm Bain Capital in 1984, which launched or rebuilt such companies as Staples and Dominos Pizza. Romney managed the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from 1999-2002. He ran for president in 2008 but lost the Republican nomination. He and his wife, Ann, have five sons, Tagg, Craig, Matt, Ben and Josh.
Date: January 24, 2008
Location: national
Topics: taxes
Context: Boca Raton
Fact-check justification: We find Romney's  to be . And if you'd like to see our previous same rulings on this issue, see here and here. Updated: This post has been updated to correct the reasons McCain gave at the time for opposing tax cuts in 2001. Our initial posting attributed his reasons to statements he made later about fiscal restraint.
Statement: One of the "main functions" of the Department of Homeland Security's SAVE database is "checking voter registration citizenship status.
Speaker: ken detzner
About the speaker: Ken Detzner was appointed Secretary of State in February 2012 by Gov. Rick Scott. He was previously appointed to the same position by then Gov. Jeb Bush in 2003.
Date: November 4, 2013
Location: florida
Topics: elections
Context: a state Senate ethics and elections committee hearing
Fact-check justification: Detzner told state legislators that one of the "main functions" of the Department of Homeland Security’s SAVE database is "checking voter registration citizenship status." A federal document lists voter registration as one of the benefits that SAVE data can be used for to check citizenship status. However, we found no documentation to support Detzner’s  that voter registration is one of its "main functions." SAVE is primarily used for agencies to check citizenship status for public benefits or driver’s licenses. Using SAVE to check voter registration eligibility is a more recent use, and only in effect in four states, plus a few Arizona counties. For fiscal year 2013, voter registration queries equaled less than 1 percent of the searches. We rate this  .
Statement: Social media posts stated: "Remember Kamala telling Joe during the debate, 'You will do whatever the Chinese tell you! They gave your son over a billion dollars.'
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: April 24, 2021
Location: california
Topics: china;debates;elections
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Social media posts claimed that Vice President Kamala Harris told President Joe Biden during the Democratic debates, "You will do whatever the Chinese tell you! They gave your son over a billion dollars." Transcripts of the debates show that this is wholly .  Harris never made such a statement and rarely touched on China during the debates. When she did, she did not reference the murky allegations surrounding Biden’s son and his business dealings with Chinese companies. Harris made no such statements elsewhere on the campaign trail and none of Biden’s other competitors made similar comments.  Furthermore, the quote has not been substantiated by any reputable news organization and appears to have originated on social media from pro-Trump accounts. Therefore, we rate this  .  – The statement is not accurate and makes a  .
Statement: If you look at California, if you look at people of color in general, African-Americans, Latinos, Asian-Americans, we won that big time. Big time. Not even close.
Speaker: bernie sanders
About the speaker: Bernie Sanders is a senator from Vermont. Sanders was first elected to the Senate in 2007 and was re-elected in 2012 and 2018. The senator also ran an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 2016, losing the Democratic primary to Hillary Clinton. From 1991 until 2007, he was the representative of Vermont’s At-Large District of the House of Representatives. Sanders was the mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989. He received a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2019, he announced he was running for the Democratic nomination for president and dropped out in April 2020.
Date: March 4, 2020
Location: california
Context: a news conference
Fact-check justification: The senator also made his  before millions of California ballots had been counted.    We rated Sanders’  .    – The statement is partially accurate but leaves out important details or takes things out of context. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Three mass shootings were meant to distract from Hillary Clinton controversies.
Speaker: ted nugent
About the speaker: Ted Nugent, who lives near Waco, performed after Gov. Rick Perry's 2007 inauguration. He is an ardent supporter of Second Amendment gun rights. In 2014, he stumped with Texan Greg Abbott for governor and chaired Republican Sid Miller's campaign for state agriculture commissioner.
Date: June 14, 2022
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: A Facebook post implied that three separate mass shootings — Sandy Hook, Charleston and Uvalde — were timed to distract from various controversies involving Hillary Clinton. There’s no  to suggest any of the shootings were staged. And the timing of the shootings do not match up with the events from which they were supposedly meant to distract.  Nugent already has two  ratings from us. This   makes it three: !
Statement: Pennsylvania and Michigan didn't allow our poll watchers and/or vote observers to watch or observe.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: November 11, 2020
Location: national
Topics: elections;pennsylvania;michigan
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Trump claimed that "Pennsylvania and Michigan didn’t allow our poll watchers and/or vote observers to watch or observe." That’s . Republican election observers have been allowed to observe the canvassing of ballots in both Pennsylvania and Michigan, including in Philadelphia and Detroit, two of the cities heavily targeted by the Trump campaign’s litigation efforts. Even Trump campaign attorneys have acknowledged having observers present in court hearings and legal filings. We rate this  ! This fact check is available at IFCN’s 2020 US Elections FactChat #Chatbot on WhatsApp. Click  here , for more.
Statement: Popeyes manager arrested for allegedly dipping chicken in cocaine based flour to increase business sales.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: August 23, 2019
Topics: drugs;food;food safety;facebook fact-checks
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: This Aug. 23 post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat  news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook .)   That’s because if you search for the headline you’ll find it on channel22news.com , which describes itself as "a prank website that is intended for fun."  Cropped out of the image that appeared on Facebook are the words "you’ve been pranked!" with three laughing-while-crying emojis, and an image of a clown with the words "you got owned" stamped on its hat. We rate this Facebook post !
Statement: Barack Obama accepted $200,000 from executives and employees of oil companies.
Speaker: hillary clinton
About the speaker: Hillary Clinton was the 2016 Democratic nominee for president. She served as U.S. Secretary of State during the first four years of the Obama administration. She is formerly a U.S. senator from New York, first elected in 2000. She was a candidate for president in 2008. She previously served as first lady when her husband, Bill Clinton, served two terms as president. She was born in Chicago in 1947, graduated from Wellesley College and earned a law degree at Yale Law School. She and her husband have one daughter.
Date: April 15, 2008
Location: national
Topics: energy
Context: Pennsylvania
Fact-check justification: People who donate to political candidates are required to list their occupation and employer. It's important to note that this rule is has far from perfect compliance; sometimes people don't fill it in at all. Clinton doesn't mention the fact that she accepted even more money from executives and employees of oil companies — $309,363, according to the center. And she accepted about $442,800 from energy lobbyists, according to the center, though not all of that is from oil and gas alone. Nevertheless, the ad is correct that Obama did accept money from employees of oil companies, and we rate its statement .
Statement: All the ponds in Missouri for which we have data are causing groundwater contamination. … This is a statewide issue.
Speaker: maxine lipeles
About the speaker: Maxine Lipeles directs the Interdisciplinary Environmental Clinic at Washington University in St. Louis, which provides pro bono legal representation and technical support to non-profit environmental and community organizations in environmental and public health matters.
Date: February 24, 2019
Location: missouri
Topics: environment
Context: a newspaper article
Fact-check justification: Lipeles’ said every Missouri coal ash pond for which there is data is causing groundwater contamination. After analyzing, Washington University’s data and the utility reports listed by the EPA, every coal ash pond in Missouri that has published data is either causing at least one type of chemical contamination for groundwater or showing signs that it has potential to cause contamination in the near future. Given the data in the context of Lipeles’ , we rate her statement .
Statement: You don't have to be as smart as a fifth-grader to know what causes the climate is the sun. The sun.  I have people tell me, 'Carbon dioxide warms the Earth.'  No, it doesn't.  The sun warms the Earth.
Speaker: don zimmerman
About the speaker: Don Zimmerman, who ran for the Texas House in 2006, won election to the Austin City Council in 2014. He represents District 6 on the council.
 
Date: April 27, 2015
Location: texas
Topics: climate change;weather
Context: an Austin City Council briefing
Fact-check justification:   Zimmerman said that as every child learns, the sun warms the Earth—and, he said, carbon dioxide does not.   We remember: The sun warms the Earth. But Zimmerman’s bigger point--discounting the role of carbon dioxide in climate change--disregards international scientific consensus.   We rate this  .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Everybody acts like President Trump is the one that came up with this idea. ... There are multiple news outlets that have reported" former President Barack Obama ordered wiretapping on Trump.
Speaker: sarah huckabee sanders
About the speaker: Sarah Huckabee Sanders became the governor of Arkansas in January 2023. She worked as White House press secretary 2017-2019. The daughter of former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee, she was a surrogate for Donald Trump's presidential campaign.
Date: March 5, 2017
Location: national
Topics: homeland security
Context: an interview on ABC's "This Week"
Fact-check justification: Sanders said "multiple news outlets" have reported that Obama ordered wiretaps on Trump, including high-profile sources such as the New York Times and BBC. Trump’s team cited multiple reports to back up this , but it’s clear only one is at the root of Trump’s : a November 2016 blog post based on anonymous sources that has not been corroborated by independent U.S. journalists.  Trump's spokeswoman made it sound as if Trump was merely following a well-documented string of reports, but that is not the case. A few of the reports allude to the FBI requesting permission from FISA to eavesdrop on Trump’s associates, but none (minus the anonymously sourced website) definitively said the probes centered on Trump himself or came directly from Obama. We rate this  .
Statement: People are starting to enter ERs with fungal lung infections from wearing masks!!
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: July 2, 2020
Location: california
Topics: public health;facebook fact-checks;coronavirus
Context: a Facebook post
Fact-check justification: Regional, statewide and national emergency physicians groups said there’s no  to back up this .   Medical experts recommend wearing face coverings to slow the transmission of COVID-19 and say the effects of wearing the coverings are not harmful.   They also encourage people to wash their hands and their masks on a regular basis to avoid contamination.   This  about mask-wearing leading to fungal lung infections is bogus.   We rated it .   – The statement is not accurate.
Statement: The tax burden on Virginia families was lower under Tim Kaine than under George Allen.
Speaker: tim kaine
About the speaker: Tim Kaine is a U.S. senator representing Virginia, elected to the Senate in 2012. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for vice president.
Kaine was governor from 2006 to 2010, lieutenant governor from 2002 to 2006, mayor of Richmond from 1998 to 2001, and city councilman of Richmond beginning in 1994. He was also the chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011.
Kaine was born in St. Paul, Minn. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1979 from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a law degree from Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass., in 1983. He took a year-long break during law school to work with the Jesuit order as a Catholic missionary in Honduras, becoming fluent in Spanish.
 
Date: September 24, 2012
Location: virginia
Topics: families;taxes
Context: a news release
Fact-check justification: Kaine’s campaign said the "tax burden on Virginia families was lower under Tim Kaine than under George Allen." Raw numbers generally back Kaine, but paint a superficial picture. Kaine did not offer large-scale tax cuts during his term; to the contrary, he unsuccessfully proposed increasing taxes by $4 billion. The smaller burden was caused by shrinking tax revenues coming into the state because of the recession. Kaine’s statement tries to turn the state’s lost revenue -- caused by no effort of his own -- into an accomplishment. The  is based on kernels of data that, when put into context, give a different impression. We rate it .
Statement: Since Rep. John Boccieri's election, "Ohio has lost 600,000 jobs" and his district's "unemployment has doubled.
Speaker: jim renacci
About the speaker: Jim Renacci, a Republican, is running against U.S. Sen. Sherrod Brown, a Democrat, in 2018. Renacci is the representative from Ohio's 16th Congressional District. He is a businessman and also the former mayor of Wadsworth. He was first elected to Congress in 2010.
Date: October 18, 2010
Location: ohio
Topics: economy;jobs
Context: a debate
Fact-check justification: Yes, it is, but only if you ignore the fact that it has come way down since Renacci stopped turning the calendar pages at exactly the right date to shore up his argument. To include months when an opponent wasn’t in office, and to stop counting when the unemployment numbers make your case, leaves out a massive amount of information and context. Did we mention that Renacci is a CPA? If we tried these tricks on our taxes, we could be treated to a heap of IRS trouble (although with a creative accountant, you never know). But the -O-Meter does not assess tax penalties; it merely points its arrow to the only rating possible when a  is  and its basis is distorted and contorted: !
Statement: I have not called for impeachment" of President Donald Trump.
Speaker: maxine waters
About the speaker: Maxine Waters, a Democrat, has represented a California district in the U.S. House of Representatives since her initial election in 1990. Previously, she served in the California state assembly.
Date: April 18, 2017
Location: national
Topics: candidate biography
Context: an interview on MSNBC
Fact-check justification: Waters said on MSNBC that "I have not called for impeachment." She has at times called for investigations that could lead to Trump’s impeachment, rather than calling for impeachment directly. But on at least two occasions -- the Cheddar interview and the tax rally -- she did call for Trump’s impeachment directly, in one case literally cheerleading for impeaching Trump at a rally at the U.S. Capitol. We rate her  .
Statement: The Redskins Training Camp deal "generated $40 million in new private investment in the city.
Speaker: dwight jones
About the speaker: Dwight Jones, a Democrat, was elected mayor of Richmond in 2008 and was re-elected in 2012.
He previously served as in the Virginia House of Delegates, representing the 70th District, which is composed of parts of Richmond, Henrico County and Chesterfield County. His term ran from 1994 to 2008. For eight years,  he was chairman of the Virginia Legislative Black Caucus. He also previously served on the Richmond City School Board and as its chairman from 1982 to 1985.
Jones is also senior pastor of First Baptist Church of South Richmond.
Jones earned bachelor of science and master of divinity degrees from Virginia Union University, Richmond, and a doctorate from United Theological Seminary, Trotwood, Ohio.
Date: January 30, 2014
Location: virginia
Topics: city government
Context: a speech
Fact-check justification: Jones said the three-part development deal that brought the Redskins training camp to Richmond "generated $40 million in new private investment in the city." The mayor offered a solid estimate of the total construction costs. But he spoke in past tense, as if the money already has been spent. For the most part, it hasn’t. No start dates have been established for two of the projects totaling $32.5 million: Bon Secours’ expansion of Richmond Community Hospital and its redevelopment of Westhampton School. Important contractual conditions first must be fulfilled. The Redskins training facility, which opened last summer, was built with $10 million of city money. Richmond, at the end of March, will have recovered $1.82 million of that money through the sale of naming rights and the leasing of office space at the facility to Bon Secours. That number could grow to as much as $6.3 million over the next five years. No doubt, the three projects have the potential to generate $40 million in private investment. But the mayor is counting the checks before they’ve been written. We rate his statement .