chengxuphd/liar2 huggingface dataset:
Statement: Sen. Obama's campaign announced that he's choosing his cabinet.
Speaker: john mccain
About the speaker: John McCain was a U.S. senator from Arizona, a post he held from 1987 to his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the U.S. House. He was the Republican nominee for president in 2008. McCain was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and spent his career in the military, as his father did. He was a combat pilot in Vietnam who was shot down and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. He was born in 1936 in Panama. 
Date: October 21, 2008
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: Bensalem, Pa
Fact-check justification: But back to McCain's . Has Obama "announced that he's choosing his Cabinet"? He definitely has not. What's happening is the usual transition planning that occurs with any presidential campaign in the final days before an election. We find McCain's  to be .
Statement: A judge sealed "all the evidence and proof of who helped Ghislaine Maxwell sex traffic children.
Speaker: facebook posts
About the speaker: Posters on Facebook and other social media networks.
 
Date: December 29, 2021
Topics: facebook fact-checks
Context: a post
Fact-check justification: "Troves of additional materials detailing what went on at homes where Maxwell and Epstein resided have been unsealed in the last two years after federal appeals judges and a Manhattan judge agreed that once-sealed records in a civil case against Maxwell should be released publicly," the Associated Press reported . Similar  claims about sealing the  also were posted on social media by Jack Posobiec and U.S. Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene , R-Ga. A Facebook video says the judge in the Maxwell trial sealed "all the  and proof of who helped Ghislaine Maxwell sex traffic children." The judge did not order all of the  and proof sealed, and most of it was published by media outlets during the trial, including information about Epstein and other high-profile people. We rate this  .
Statement: Cher "is moving to Canada because of President Trump.
Speaker: bloggers
About the speaker: Blog posting on the Internet
Date: July 14, 2017
Topics: elections;fake news;punditfact
Context: a blog post
Fact-check justification: Conservativearmy88.com’s Facebook page lists a Hotmail email address. We reached out but did not get a response. While several celebrities claimed they would move to Canada if Trump won the presidency, Cher joked she would to Jupiter. Cher’s still on planet Earth, but there’s no indication she’s in Canada. We rate conservativearmy88.com’s post .
Statement: Since Trump labeled ANTIFA a terrorist organization their rights were stripped by the Patriot Act which states if someone is labeled a terrorist they are not afforded due process.
Speaker: instagram posts
About the speaker: Posters on Instagram, where people share photos and graphics and sometimes add filters.
Date: July 18, 2020
Location: oregon
Topics: civil rights;facebook fact-checks
Context: an image
Fact-check justification: The Instagram post claims that, since antifa is a terrorist organization, its members’ due process rights are stripped by the Patriot Act. That’s . Antifa is not an organized group and has not been designated as a terrorist organization. Even if it were, American antifa activists would still have due process rights afforded to them by the Constitution. The Patriot Act does not give federal law enforcement officials the right to detain suspected terrorists who are U.S. citizens without probable cause. The Instagram post is . We rate it .
Statement: When the Milwaukee County mental health facility is full, "cops sit out there in their squad cars with a mentally ill patient"  and sometimes "spend an entire shift out there doing that.
Speaker: jim sullivan
About the speaker: Jim Sullivan, a Democrat, was elected to the Wisconsin state Senate in 2006 and was defeated for re-election in 2010. He represented the 5th District in the Milwaukee area. He ran unsuccessfully in the nonpartisan 2011 race for Milwaukee County executive.
Date: January 31, 2011
Location: wisconsin
Topics: county budget;health care
Context: a meeting with Journal Sentinel reporters and editors
Fact-check justification: Sullivan said delays in admitting people to the Mental Health Complex for crisis care can be so long that police officers spend up to an entire shift with patients waiting for them to receive treatment. Hours-long delays were a problem some years ago. But the four largest police agencies in the county now say waits are short.     Perhaps there are isolated cases today in which officers waits for hours, but at minimum Sullivan’s  is clearly dated. We rate it .
Statement: Barack Obama "is the first ex-president to ever speak against his successor.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: May 10, 2020
Location: national
Topics: coronavirus
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: A Twitter post, retweeted by Trump, claimed that Obama "is the first ex-president to ever speak against his successor."  There are several examples of former presidents criticizing the person who followed them into office. For much of the past century, Republicans have spoken ill of Democrats, and Democrats have done the same with Republicans. While the tradition of exercising restraint exists, it has its limits, and in at least one case, an ex-president spoke out as early as three months into the new administration. We rate this  .
Statement: Every month, we get the reports from the Bureau of Labor Statistics that say even more people have given up looking for work.
Speaker: ted cruz
About the speaker: Ted Cruz is a U.S. Senator from Texas, first elected in 2012. Cruz also was a candidate for president of the United States in 2016. He is the former solicitor general for the state of Texas, previously serving as the director of the Office of Policy Planning at the Federal Trade Commission, an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice, and as a domestic policy advisor on the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign, according to his campaign biography.
Date: September 24, 2013
Location: texas
Topics: economy;health care;jobs
Context: Senate floor speech on the Obamacare law
Fact-check justification: Cruz told senators: "Every month, we get the reports from the Bureau of Labor Statistics that say even more people have given up looking for work." Per the 12 latest months of data available before Cruz spoke, the number of Americans considered by the bureau to be "discouraged workers" fluctuates month to month, sometimes going up and sometimes going down. Separately, a years-long decline in the nation’s labor-force participation rate has significantly been affected by baby-boomer retirements, which by and large are not driven by the economy’s health. We rate this , which has a thread of  but ignores critical facts that would give an accurate impression, as . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: In the Senate, (Mike) DeWine voted with Hillary Clinton to let illegal immigrants receive Social Security. And in Ohio, DeWine allowed illegal immigrants to receive driver's licenses.
Speaker: onward ohio
About the speaker: Onward Ohio is a conservative PAC that was launched by Lt. Gov. Mary Taylor. When Taylor announced her bid for governor she stepped down as chair of the PAC.
Date: March 20, 2018
Location: ohio
Topics: immigration;social security
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: Onward Ohio said in a TV ad that "in the Senate, DeWine voted with Hillary Clinton to let illegal immigrants receive Social Security. And in Ohio, DeWine allowed illegal immigrants to receive driver's licenses." On both of these attacks, the ad makes a sweeping statement without filling in viewers about the scope of what a bill and a policy actually said. The Social Security provision was more narrow than the ad suggests, because it addressed the treatment of past payroll taxes paid by people who at one time had been undocumented immigrants. While attorney general, DeWine concluded that undocumented immigrants who had temporary status through the federal DACA program were entitled to driver’s licenses, but that didn’t apply to all undocumented immigrants. There are kernels of  here, but the ad fails to provide a complete picture of DeWine’s actions. We rate this  .
Statement: The average family (is) now bringing home $4,000 less than they did just five years ago.
Speaker: rob portman
About the speaker: Rob Portman was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2010. He is a former Republican congressman who also was a U.S. trade representative and director of the Office of Management and Budget under President George H.W. Bush.
Date: March 8, 2014
Location: national
Topics: economy;families
Context: a Republican weekly address
Fact-check justification: Portman said "the average family (is) now bringing home $4,000 less than they did just five years ago." According to Census Bureau data, the decline is even greater, making Portman’s overall point even stronger than the data he offered. We rate his  .
Statement: The servers of the Pakistani gentleman that worked on the DNC" are "missing.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 16, 2018
Location: national
Topics: elections
Context: a press conference with Vladimir Putin
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "The servers of the Pakistani gentleman that worked on the DNC" are "missing." The DNC servers were never missing. The DNC provided the FBI with a copy of their server, rather than the original hardware, but Comey testified that the  was an appropriate substitute. Awan, the "Pakistani gentleman" in the news, never worked for the DNC. Conservative news outlets suggested he had stolen a House Democratic server, but the U.S. Attorney’s Office found no  of such theft. We rate this statement .
Statement: Claims that Rep. Sanford Bishop votes similar to House Speaker Nancy Pelosi are "inaccurate.
Speaker: sanford bishop
About the speaker: Democrat Sanford Bishop represents Georgia's 2nd Congressional District
Date: July 21, 2010
Location: georgia
Topics: voting record
Context: a statement
Fact-check justification: Turner argued that focusing on the percentage of times Bishop voted along with his fellow Democrats is . "It only makes sense that Congressman Bishop would vote with his party to end Republican obstruction," he said. Pelosi and Bishop are not ideological twins, but two separate databases show the two Democrats vote similarly on legislation that came before them. The numbers are pretty similar. We rate the statement from the Bishop camp as .
Statement: 40% of the initial small business funds didn't go to small businesses at all.
Speaker: joe biden
About the speaker: Joe Biden is the president of the United States. A Democrat, Biden served as a Delaware senator from 1973 (elected at the age of 29) until 2009. During his time in the Senate, he served as chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, chair of the International Narcotics Control Caucus and chair of the Judiciary Committee. He subsequently served as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2009 to 2016. Biden launched unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 1988 and 2008. He received a degree in history and political science from the University of Delaware and his J.D. from Syracuse School of Law. 
Date: May 20, 2020
Location: wisconsin
Topics: small business
Context: a virtual town hall
Fact-check justification: Biden said "40% of the initial small business funds didn’t go to small businesses at all." We don’t know how big the businesses getting the loans actually are, so Biden is creating his own definition of "small businesses" based on loan size. A definition that conflicts with the official government definition this program uses. What’s more, that definition conflicts with how he referenced small businesses a few sentences earlier to discuss the impact they have on the economy. There’s an element of  here. The 40% figure roughly matches the portion of loans that topped $1 million, which given the purpose of the loan means these companies have operating budgets of at least several million dollars. But the way Biden explained this figure conflicts with both the government definition and his own definition from a moment earlier. We rate this  .
Statement: Says government is a barrier to innovation and development.
Speaker: paul broun
About the speaker: U.S. House Rep. Paul Broun, a Republican, is from Athens. He represents Georgia's 10th congressional district.
Date: January 25, 2011
Location: national
Topics: education;federal budget;regulation;science;technology
Context: a tweet during the State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: But we still feel it’s fair to take his comment  to task. For starters, it was not an isolated comment -- the tweet we’re looking at here was just one of several he sent during the State of the Union that addressed the same theme, including "Entrepreneurship is great -- let's not kill it with taxes and regulations" and "Obama's policies kill free-enterprise." More broadly, portraying business as good and government as bad has been a consistent Republican talking point. But to base a tweet on the assumption that the federal government is bad for innovation and development ignores that the federal government -- through its direct research spending, its tax credits and its indirect investments that support technological research -- plays a crucial role in pushing it forward, and one that is unlikely to be ever picked up by the private sector alone. So we rate the  that the government is a barrier to innovation and development .
Statement: Says Robert Hurt "supports the tax loopholes that send American jobs overseas.
Speaker: tom perriello
About the speaker: Tom Perriello, a Democrat, was elected in 2008 to represent Virginia's 5th Congressional District. He lost his 2010 re-election bid to Robert Hurt.
Before his election, Perriello was involved in international justice and sustainable peace.
Perriello was born and raised in Ivy. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1996 and a law degree in 2001, both from Yale University, New Haven, Conn.
Date: August 18, 2010
Location: virginia
Topics: economy;jobs;message machine 2010;taxes
Context: a TV ad
Fact-check justification: The pledge means that if a bill would result in a net tax increase, "you’re not free to vote for it," Ellis said. Hurt hasn’t offered specifics about his position on the offshore tax rules, but in a TV ad last month, he called Perriello’s  . We agree. Perriello has chosen to rest his  on the DCCC’s spurious connection to the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, but that is a huge leap of logic and it doesn’t prove Hurt supports the offshore loopholes. So we find the  .
Statement: Business spirit is the highest it's ever been, according to polls.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: July 31, 2017
Location: national
Topics: economy
Context: the Oval Office
Fact-check justification: Trump said, "Business spirit is the highest it's ever been, according to polls." Current levels of business confidence, as measured by regular surveys of executives, are relatively high at the moment, but they are not the highest ever -- and in several that are taken on a monthly basis, they have fallen since Trump took office. The statement is a significant exaggeration, so we rate it .
Statement: We do not have an approved (COVID) vaccine in America … the Pfizer vaccine available in the U.S. is not FDA approved.
Speaker: ron johnson
About the speaker: Ron Johnson is a Republican U.S. senator from Wisconsin. A businessman and accountant, Johnson defeated Democratic Sen. Russ Feingold in the 2010 election. He is seeking re-election in 2016.
Date: October 4, 2021
Location: wisconsin
Topics: health care;public health;coronavirus
Context: TV interview
Fact-check justification: In an interview, Johnson claimed: "We do not have an approved (COVID) vaccine in America … the Pfizer vaccine available in the U.S. is not FDA approved." That is entirely untrue. The Pfizer vaccine was approved for full use on Aug. 23, 2021 by the FDA, even though emergency authorization continues with some subsets of the population. We rate Johnson’s  .
Statement: Photo shows former President Donald Trump "in the hood.
Speaker: tweets
About the speaker: Twitter is a messaging service where people often discuss politics. Individual messages are called Tweets.
Date: May 14, 2023
Topics: fake news
Context: a tweet
Fact-check justification: Hive Moderation , a program that detects images from AI image generators such as DALL-E and Midjourney, showed a 99.8% likelihood that the image was AI-generated. One telltale sign of an AI-generated photo is that the hands look deformed, as AI image generators often fail to capture human hands . In the photo, the right hand of the man standing to Trump’s left looks unusual. A reverse-image search of this photo using Google Images, TinEye and Yandex showed no results from official or credible sources. We rate this  .
Statement: Instagram has been limiting our posts so that no more than 7% of our friends see our posts.
Speaker: viral image
About the speaker: Graphics, pictures and charts shared on social media give chain emails a run for their money when it comes to spreading too-good-to-be-true claims all over the Internet. A common form is is the "Internet macro," which uses an easily recognized and repurposed image (called a meme) wth superimposed text to make a funny but political argument. Sometimes these images are passed across social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Reddit so widely that the original source is nearly impossible to determine.
Date: March 1, 2021
Topics: corrections and updates;facebook fact-checks
Context: an Instagram post
Fact-check justification: When third-party fact-checkers, such as PolitiFact, identify misinformation, Instagram may make it harder to find by filtering it from its " Explore " and hashtag search pages, as well as reducing its visibility in feeds and stories, according to Facebook, which owns Instagram . But this is a different issue than the  that Instagram is limiting people’s posts so that no more than 7% of their friends will see it. "The 7% figure is ," a spokesperson for the platform said. And commenting or liking posts sharing this meme, or posts that have been fact-checked, does not affect how many followers will see it.     We rate this  .
Statement: Says delegates can't "legally" change the Republican National Convention rules to prevent Donald Trump's nomination.
Speaker: donald trump
About the speaker: Donald Trump is the former president of the United States. He was elected the 45th president of the United States on Nov. 8, 2016.  He has been a real estate developer, entrepreneur and host of the NBC reality show, "The Apprentice." Trump's statements were awarded PolitiFact's 2015, 2017 and 2019 Lie of the Year. In November 2022, he announced he would run for president in 2024.
Date: June 19, 2016
Location: national
Topics: corrections and updates;elections;legal issues
Context: an interview on "Meet the Press"
Fact-check justification: Trump said delegates seeking to change the convention rules to prevent his nomination "can’t do it legally." Under current rules, the delegates are bound to vote for whomever won their state’s primary or caucus (in most cases, Trump). But if this year’s rules committee votes to change the rules to thwart Trump, it’s well within its authority to do so. And intervention by the courts would be unlikely. Because political parties are private organizations, courts have said they can set their own rules. We rate Trump’s  . https://www.sharethefacts.co/share/fec8deb7-1f35-4b1d-88c8-76cb4e5954a9   Correction: A previous version of this story misstated the co-author of the  Wall Street Journal  op-ed.
Statement: Our university campuses by federal law do not check the immigration status of their students just as our public schools don't.
Speaker: lloyd doggett
About the speaker: Rep. Lloyd Doggett was initially elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994.
Date: December 15, 2016
Location: texas
Topics: immigration;education
Context: an interview with KEYE TV
Fact-check justification: Doggett said: "Our university campuses by federal law do not check the immigration status of their students." We see an element of  here in that colleges and universities, like public schools, don’t act as immigration enforcement agents. But we didn't spot nor did Doggett identify a federal law that bars or excuses universities from checking the immigration statuses of students. Meantime, a state law leads public Texas institutions to tally "affidavit" students, each of whom has declared a lack of legal U.S. residency. Also, each student-applicant to those colleges and universities must answer questions about citizenship and legal residency and agree to have information verified. All told, we rate this statement .  – The statement contains an element of  but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.
Statement: Says he and Mitt Romney agreed on tying minimum wage increases to inflation.
Speaker: barack obama
About the speaker: Barack Obama is the former president of the United States. Obama also served as a U.S. senator from Illinois. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii, where his parents met as students at the University of Hawaii. Obama's father is from Kenya and his mother is from Kansas. He graduated from Columbia University and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. Obama previously served in the Illinois state Senate and was an instructor at the University of Chicago Law School. He and his wife, Michelle, have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.
Date: February 12, 2013
Location: national
Topics: poverty;workers
Context: the State of the Union address
Fact-check justification: Obama said that tying the minimum wage to the cost of living is something he and Romney "actually agreed on." As far back as 1994, Romney favored this approach. He reiterated it in 2006 while governor of Massachusetts, and again as the Republican nominee for president last year. Under criticism on the national stage, he did back away slightly from that position given the fragile economy in 2012. None of this is to say that Romney would support Obama’s current proposal to boost the minimum wage to $9 an hour. But Obama was on firm ground claiming that at least for most of Romney’s political career, the former rivals were in agreement on indexing the wage. We rate Obama’s statement .