Arbitration Fairness Act of 2015

To amend title 9 of the United States Code with respect to arbitration. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Arbitration Fairness Act of 2015 2. Findings The Congress finds the following: (1) The Federal Arbitration Act (now enacted as chapter 1 (2) A series of decisions by the Supreme Court of the United States have interpreted the Act so that it now extends to consumer disputes and employment disputes, contrary to the intent of Congress. (3) Most consumers and employees have little or no meaningful choice whether to submit their claims to arbitration. Often, consumers and employees are not even aware that they have given up their rights. (4) Mandatory arbitration undermines the development of public law because there is inadequate transparency and inadequate judicial review of arbitrators' decisions. (5) Arbitration can be an acceptable alternative when consent to the arbitration is truly voluntary, and occurs after the dispute arises. 3. Arbitration of employment, consumer, antitrust, and civil rights disputes (a) In general Title 9 of the United States Code is amended by adding at the end the following: 4 Arbitration of employment, consumer, antitrust, and civil rights disputes Sec. 401. Definitions. 402. Validity and enforceability. 401. Definitions In this chapter— (1) the term antitrust dispute (A) involving a claim for damages allegedly caused by a violation of the antitrust laws (as defined in subsection (a) of the first section of the Clayton Act ( 15 U.S.C. 12 (B) in which the plaintiffs seek certification as a class under rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or a comparable rule or provision of State law; (2) the term civil rights dispute (A) arising under— (i) the Constitution of the United States or the constitution of a State; or (ii) a Federal or State statute that prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, sex, disability, religion, national origin, or any invidious basis in education, employment, credit, housing, public accommodations and facilities, voting, or program funded or conducted by the Federal Government or State government, including any statute enforced by the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice and any statute enumerated in section 62(e) (B) in which at least 1 party alleging a violation of the Constitution of the United States, a State constitution, or a statute prohibiting discrimination is an individual; (3) the term consumer dispute (4) the term employment dispute 29 U.S.C. 203 (5) the term predispute arbitration agreement 402. Validity and enforceability (a) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, no predispute arbitration agreement shall be valid or enforceable if it requires arbitration of an employment dispute, consumer dispute, antitrust dispute, or civil rights dispute. (b) Applicability (1) In general An issue as to whether this chapter applies to an arbitration agreement shall be determined under Federal law. The applicability of this chapter to an agreement to arbitrate and the validity and enforceability of an agreement to which this chapter applies shall be determined by a court, rather than an arbitrator, irrespective of whether the party resisting arbitration challenges the arbitration agreement specifically or in conjunction with other terms of the contract containing such agreement. (2) Collective bargaining agreements Nothing in this chapter shall apply to any arbitration provision in a contract between an employer and a labor organization or between labor organizations, except that no such arbitration provision shall have the effect of waiving the right of an employee to seek judicial enforcement of a right arising under a provision of the Constitution of the United States, a State constitution, or a Federal or State statute, or public policy arising therefrom. . (b) Technical and conforming amendments (1) In general Title 9 of the United States Code is amended— (A) in section 1, by striking of seamen, interstate commerce (B) in section 2, by inserting or as otherwise provided in chapter 4 (C) in section 208— (i) in the section heading, by striking Chapter 1; residual application Application (ii) by adding at the end the following: This chapter applies to the extent that this chapter is not in conflict with chapter 4. (D) in section 307— (i) in the section heading, by striking Chapter 1; residual application Application (ii) by adding at the end the following: This chapter applies to the extent that this chapter is not in conflict with chapter 4. (2) Table of sections (A) Chapter 2 The table of sections for chapter 2 208. Application. . (B) Chapter 3 The table of sections for chapter 3 307. Application. . (3) Table of chapters The table of chapters for title 9, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 4. Arbitration of employment, consumer, antitrust, and civil rights disputes 401 . 4. Effective date This Act, and the amendments made by this Act, shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act and shall apply with respect to any dispute or claim that arises on or after such date.

Summary: Arbitration Fairness Act of 2015 Declares that no predispute arbitration agreement shall be valid or enforceable if it requires arbitration of an employment, consumer, antitrust, or civil rights dispute. Declares, further, that the validity and enforceability of an agreement to arbitrate shall be determined by a court, under federal law, rather than an arbitrator, irrespective of whether the party resisting arbitration challenges the arbitration agreement specifically or in conjunction with other terms of the contract containing such agreement. Exempts from this Act arbitration provisions in a contract between an employer and a labor organization or between labor organizations. Denies to any such arbitration provision, however, the effect of waiving the right of an employee to seek judicial enforcement of a right arising under the U.S. Constitution, a state constitution, a federal or state statute, or related public policy.