Legal Assistance to Prevent Evictions Act of 2020

To establish a grant program to provide legal assistance to eligible tenants at risk of or subject to eviction, and for other purposes. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Legal Assistance to Prevent Evictions Act of 2020 2. Evictions assistance grant program (a) Definitions In this Act: (1) Eligible recipient The term eligible recipient (2) Eligible tenant The term eligible tenant (A) not more than 135 percent of the Federal poverty guidelines issued by the Secretary of Health and Human Services; or (B) less than 333 percent of the average fair market rent in the county in which the individual resides— (i) in the case of a household comprised of 1 individual, for an efficiency; and (ii) in the case of a household comprised of more than 1 individual, for a residence in which the number of bedrooms would not require— (I) more than 2 members of the household to share a bedroom; (II) children of different genders to share a bedroom with one another; or (III) a household member with a disability requiring medical equipment to share a bedroom. (3) Rural area The term rural area (A) outside of a metropolitan statistical area, as designated by the Office of Management and Budget; or (B) (i) within a metropolitan statistical area, as designated by the Office of Management and Budget, that is outside of the urbanized areas of the metropolitan statistical area as designated by the rural-urban commuting area code 1, as determined by the Secretary of Agriculture; and (ii) outside of tracts with a housing density of more than 64 housing units per square mile located in the rural-urban commuting area code 2, as determined by the Secretary of Agriculture. (4) Secretary The term Secretary (5) Suburban area The term suburban area (6) Urban area The term urban area (b) Establishment The Secretary shall establish a competitive grant program to provide grants to eligible recipients to provide legal assistance, including assistance related to pretrial activities, trial activities, post-trial activities, and alternative dispute resolution, at no cost to eligible tenants at risk of or subject to eviction. (c) Application To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, an applicant shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may reasonably require, including evidence of the experience of the applicant providing legal assistance in residential eviction matters. (d) Point system for preference factors In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary shall— (1) establish a system that awards points to applicants in accordance with the preference factors described in subsection (e); and (2) give priority to applicants with the greatest number of points under the system established under paragraph (1). (e) Preference factors The preference factors for which an applicant shall be awarded points under the system established pursuant to subsection (d)(1) are as follows: (1) Eviction rate preference (A) In general The Secretary shall award points if the applicant will use grant funds awarded under this section to provide services in census tracts with high rates of eviction. (B) Determination In making a determination under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall use data determined by the Secretary to be the best available, or, if no appropriate data is available, shall make reasonable inferences to determine the rate of eviction in a census tract. (C) Limitations The Secretary may not— (i) require applicants to provide data on the rates of eviction in the census tract in which the applicant intends to provide services; or (ii) award more points to applicants who provide the data described in clause (i) than to applicants who do not provide that data. (2) Capacity preference (A) In general The Secretary shall award points if the Secretary determines that the applicant has a greater capacity to produce more favorable outcomes regarding eviction for eligible tenants. (B) Considerations In making a determination under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may consider the applicant’s— (i) past experience in producing favorable outcomes for households facing eviction; (ii) proposed use of grant funds to increase staff resources to provide legal assistance; (iii) demonstrated past effective use of resources to provide legal assistance; (iv) ability to provide services to eligible tenants with limited English proficiency; and (v) ability to effectively communicate with eligible tenants with disabilities. (3) Preference for government entities that promote tenant rights (A) In general The Secretary shall award points to an applicant that is a governmental entity if the applicant has in effect laws or regulations that promote tenant rights. (B) Considerations In making a determination under subparagraph (A), the Secretary— (i) shall consider laws or regulations establishing a tenant’s right to— (I) counsel in evictions cases; (II) withhold rent if a landlord fails to provide essential services to ensure habitability of the premises; (III) deduct appliance repair costs from rent owed; (IV) notice of failure to pay rent or other lease violation with the right to cure; (V) a maximum security deposit equal to 1 month’s rent; and (VI) the expeditious return of any security deposit after terminating a lease; and (ii) may consider, with lesser weight given than the weight given to those rights described in clause (i), laws or regulations establishing a tenant’s right to— (I) advance notice of rent increases; (II) advance notice of landlord entry to the property; or (III) adequate time to recover abandoned property after eviction. (C) Limitation Points awarded under this paragraph shall not result in an applicant governmental entity being awarded a grant that, in the absence of this paragraph, would have been awarded to either an applicant nonprofit entity or an applicant governmental entity lacking the legal authority to enact laws or regulations described in this paragraph because the entity is subject to legal restrictions enacted by another governmental entity. (f) Rural equity In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary— (1) shall, to the extent practicable, ensure that the proportion of eligible tenants living in rural areas who will receive legal assistance with grant funds awarded under this section is not less than the overall proportion of eligible tenants who live in rural areas; and (2) may consider geographic diversity and the capacity of an applicant to serve eligible tenants living in rural areas. (g) Supplement, not supplant Grant funds received under this section shall be used to supplement and not supplant other funds used by the grantee to provide the legal assistance described in subsection (b). (h) Report For each year that an eligible recipient receives grant funds under this section, the eligible recipient shall submit to the Secretary a report that— (1) maintains attorney-client confidentiality and excludes personally identifiable information about eligible tenants; and (2) contains— (A) the total number of eligible tenants that were provided legal assistance using the grant funds; (B) the estimated number of evictions avoided, delayed, or resolved with other outcomes, such as negotiated settlements, that are more favorable to the eligible tenant than the outcomes that would have been expected in the absence of counsel, and a brief description of the circumstances of each case; (C) the number of eligible tenants that received legal assistance that reside in a dwelling unit for which any subsidy or assistance for occupancy in the dwelling unit is provided under a program administered by a Federal, State, or local authority; and (D) demographic information about eligible tenants that received legal assistance, including race, national origin, sex, disability status, household income, household size, household familial status, age of the head of household, and whether tenants live in an urban area, suburban area, or rural area.

Summary: Legal Assistance to Prevent Evictions Act of 2020 This bill requires the Department of Housing and Urban Development to award grants to nonprofit and governmental entities to provide free legal assistance to eligible low-income tenants at risk of, or subject to, eviction.