FAMILY Act

To provide paid family and medical leave benefits to certain individuals, and for other purposes. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Family and Medical Insurance Leave Act FAMILY Act 2. Definitions In this Act, the following definitions apply: (1) Caregiving day The term caregiving day (2) Commissioner The term Commissioner (3) Deputy Commissioner The term Deputy Commissioner (4) Eligible individual The term eligible individual (5) Initial waiting period The term initial waiting period (A) the fifth caregiving day of the individual occurring during the benefit period; or (B) the month preceding the first month in the benefit period during which occur not less than 15 caregiving days of the individual. (6) Qualified caregiving The term qualified caregiving 29 U.S.C. 2612(a) (7) Self-employment income The term self-employment income 42 U.S.C. 411(b) (8) State The term State (9) Wages The term wages 42 U.S.C. 409 (10) 60-day limitation period The term 60-day limitation period (A) beginning with the first caregiving day of an individual occurring during the individual’s benefit period and after the expiration of the individual’s 5-day waiting period, if applicable; and (B) ending with the 60th caregiving day of the individual occurring during the benefit period and after the expiration of the 5-day waiting period, disregarding any caregiving day of the individual occurring during any month in the benefit period after the first 20 caregiving days of the individual occurring during such month. 3. Office of Paid Family and Medical Leave (a) Establishment of Office There is established within the Social Security Administration an office to be known as the Office of Paid Family and Medical Leave. The Office shall be headed by a Deputy Commissioner who shall be appointed by the Commissioner. (b) Responsibilities of Deputy Commissioner The Commissioner, acting through the Deputy Commissioner, shall be responsible for— (1) hiring personnel and making employment decisions with regard to such personnel; (2) issuing such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act; (3) entering into cooperative agreements with other agencies and departments to ensure the efficiency of the administration of the program; (4) determining eligibility for family and medical leave insurance benefits under section 4; (5) determining benefit amounts for each month of such eligibility and making timely payments of such benefits to entitled individuals in accordance with such section; (6) establishing and maintaining a system of records relating to the administration of such section; (7) preventing fraud and abuse relating to such benefits; (8) providing information on request regarding eligibility requirements, the claims process, benefit amounts, maximum benefits payable, notice requirements, nondiscrimination rights, confidentiality, coordination of leave under this Act and other laws, collective bargaining agreements, and employer policies; (9) annually providing employers a notice informing employees of the availability of such benefits; (10) annually making available to the public a report that includes the number of individuals who received such benefits, the purposes for which such benefits were received, and an analysis of utilization rates of such benefits by gender, race, ethnicity, and income levels; and (11) tailoring culturally and linguistically competent education and outreach toward increasing utilization rates of benefits under such section. (c) Availability of data The Commissioner shall make available to the Deputy Commissioner such data as the Commissioner determines necessary to enable the Deputy Commissioner to effectively carry out the responsibilities described in subsection (b). 4. Family and Medical Leave Insurance benefit payments (a) In general Every individual who— (1) is insured for disability insurance benefits (as determined under section 223(c) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 423(c) (2) has earned income from employment during the 12 months prior to the month in which the application is filed; (3) has filed an application for a family and medical leave insurance benefit in accordance with subsection (d); and (4) was engaged in qualified caregiving, or anticipates being so engaged, during the period that begins 90 days before the date on which such application is filed or within 30 days after such date, shall be entitled to such a benefit for each month in the benefit period specified in subsection (c), not to exceed 60 caregiving days per benefit period. (b) Benefit amount (1) In general Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the benefit amount to which an individual is entitled under this section for a month shall be an amount equal to the greater of— (A) the lesser of 1/18 (B) the minimum benefit amount determined under paragraph (2), multiplied by the quotient (not greater than 1) obtained by dividing the number of caregiving days of the individual in such month by 20. (2) Annual increase of maximum and minimum benefit amounts (A) For individuals who initially become eligible for family and medical leave insurance benefits in the first full calendar year after the date of enactment of this Act, the maximum monthly benefit amount and the minimum monthly benefit amount shall be $4,000 and $580, respectively. (B) For individuals who initially become eligible for family and medical leave insurance benefits in any calendar year after such first full calendar year the maximum benefit amount and the minimum benefit amount shall be, respectively, the product of the corresponding amount determined with respect to the first calendar year under subparagraph (A) and the quotient obtained by dividing— (i) the national average wage index (as defined in section 209(k)(1) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 409(k)(1) (ii) the national average wage index (as so defined) for 2020. (3) Limitations on benefits paid (A) Nonpayable waiting period Any calendar day during an individual’s benefit period which occurs before the expiration of an initial waiting period shall not be taken into account under this subsection as a caregiving day of the individual. (B) Limitation on total benefits paid Any calendar day during an individual’s benefit period which occurs after the expiration of a 60-day limitation period shall not be taken into account under this subsection as a caregiving day of the individual. (4) Reduction in benefit amount on account of receipt of certain benefits A benefit under this section for a month shall be reduced by the amount, if any, in certain benefits (as determined under regulations issued by the Commissioner) as may be otherwise received by an individual. For purposes of the preceding sentence, certain benefits include— (A) periodic benefits on account of such individual’s total or partial disability under a workmen’s compensation law or plan of the United States or a State; and (B) periodic benefits on account of an individual’s employment status under an unemployment law or plan of the United States or a State. (5) Coordination of benefit amount with certain state benefits A benefit received under this section shall be coordinated, in a manner determined by regulations issued by the Commissioner, with the periodic benefits received from temporary disability insurance or family leave insurance programs under any law or plan of a State, a political subdivision (as that term is used in section 218(b)(2) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 418(b)(2) 42 U.S.C. 418(g) (c) Benefit period (1) In general Except as provided in paragraph (2), the benefit period specified in this subsection shall begin on the 1st day of the 1st month in which the individual meets the criteria specified in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (a), and shall end on the date that is 365 days after the 1st day of the benefit period. (2) Retroactive benefits In the case of an application for benefits under this section for qualified caregiving in which the individual was engaged at any time during the 90-day period preceding the date on which such application is submitted, the benefit period specified in this subsection shall begin on the later of— (A) the 1st day of the 1st month in which the individual engaged in such qualified caregiving; or (B) the 1st day of the 1st month that begins during such 90-day period, and shall end on the date that is 365 days after the 1st day of the benefit period. (d) Application An application for a family and medical leave insurance benefit shall include— (1) a statement that the individual was engaged in qualified caregiving, or anticipates being so engaged, during the period that begins 90 days before the date on which the application is submitted or within 30 days after such date; (2) if the qualified caregiving described in the statement in paragraph (1) is engaged in by the individual because of a serious health condition of the individual or a relative of the individual, a certification, issued by the health care provider treating such serious health condition, that affirms the information specified in paragraph (1) and contains such information as the Commissioner shall specify in regulations, which shall be no more than the information that is required to be stated under section 103(b) of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 ( 29 U.S.C. 2613(b) (3) if such qualified caregiving is engaged in by the individual for any other authorized reason, a certification, issued by a relevant authority determined under regulations issued by the Commissioner, that affirms the circumstances giving rise to such reason; and (4) an attestation from the applicant that his or her employer has been provided with written notice of the individual’s intention to take family or medical leave, if the individual has an employer, or to the Commissioner in all other cases. (e) Ineligibility; disqualification (1) Ineligibility for benefit An individual shall be ineligible for a benefit under this section for any month for which the individual is entitled to— (A) disability insurance benefits under section 223 of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 423 42 U.S.C. 418 (B) monthly insurance benefits under section 202 of such Act ( 42 U.S.C. 402 42 U.S.C. 423(d) (C) benefits under title XVI of such Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1381 42 U.S.C. 1382c (2) Disqualification An individual who has been convicted of a violation under section 208 of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 408 (f) Review of eligibility and benefit payment determinations (1) Eligibility determinations (A) In general The Commissioner shall provide notice to an individual applying for benefits under this section of the initial determination of eligibility for such benefits, and the estimated benefit amount for a month in which one caregiving day of the individual occurs, as soon as practicable after the application is received. (B) Review An individual may request review of an initial adverse determination with respect to such application at any time before the end of the 20-day period that begins on the date notice of such determination is received, except that such 20-day period may be extended for good cause. As soon as practicable after the individual requests review of the determination, the Commissioner shall provide notice to the individual of a final determination of eligibility for benefits under this section. (2) Benefit payment determinations (A) In general The Commissioner shall make any monthly benefit payment to an individual claiming benefits for a month under this section, or provide notice of the reason such payment will not be made if the Commissioner determines that the individual is not entitled to payment for such month, not later than 20 days after the individual’s monthly benefit claim report for such month is received. Such monthly report shall be filed with the Commissioner not later than 15 days after the end of each month. (B) Review If the Commissioner determines that payment will not be made to an individual for a month, or if the Commissioner determines that payment shall be made based on a number of caregiving days in the month inconsistent with the number of caregiving days in the monthly benefit claim report of the individual for such month, the individual may request review of such determination at any time before the end of the 20-day period that begins on the date notice of such determination is received, except that such 20-day period may be extended for good cause. Not later than 20 days after the individual requests review of the determination, the Commissioner shall provide notice to the individual of a final determination of payment for such month, and shall make payment to the individual of any additional amount not included in the initial payment to the individual for such month to which the Commissioner determines the individual is entitled. (3) Burden of proof An application for benefits under this section and a monthly benefit claim report of an individual shall each be presumed to be true and accurate, unless the Commissioner demonstrates by a preponderance of the evidence that information contained in the application is false. (4) Definition of monthly benefit claim report For purposes of this subsection, the term monthly benefit claim report (5) Review All final determinations of the Commissioner under this subsection shall be reviewable according to the procedures set out in section 205 of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 405 (g) Relationship with State law; employer benefits (1) In general This section does not preempt or supercede any provision of State or local law that authorizes a State or local municipality to provide paid family and medical leave benefits similar to the benefits provided under this section. (2) Greater benefits allowed Nothing in this Act shall be construed to diminish the obligation of an employer to comply with any contract, collective bargaining agreement, or any employment benefit program or plan that provides greater paid leave or other leave rights to employees than the rights established under this Act. (h) Prohibited Acts; enforcement (1) In general It shall be unlawful for any person to discharge or in any other manner discriminate against an individual because the individual has applied for, indicated an intent to apply for, or received family and medical leave insurance benefits. (2) Civil Action by an individual (A) Liability Any person who violates paragraph (1) shall be liable to any individual employed by such person who is affected by the violation— (i) for damages equal to the sum of— (I) the amount of— (aa) any wages, salary, employment benefits, or other compensation denied or lost to such individual by reason of the violation; or (bb) in a case in which wages, salary, employment benefits, or other compensation have not been denied or lost to the individual, any actual monetary losses sustained by the individual as a direct result of the violation, such as the cost of providing care, up to a sum equal to 60 calendar days of wages or salary for the individual; (II) the interest on the amount described in subclause (I) calculated at the prevailing rate; and (III) an additional amount as liquidated damages equal to the sum of the amount described in subclause (I) and the interest described in subclause (II), except that if a person who has violated paragraph (1) proves to the satisfaction of the court that the act or omission which violated paragraph (1) was in good faith and that the person had reasonable grounds for believing that the act or omission was not a violation of paragraph (1), such court may, in the discretion of the court, reduce the amount of the liability to the amount and interest determined under subclauses (I) and (II), respectively; and (ii) for such equitable relief as may be appropriate, including employment, reinstatement, and promotion. (B) Right of action An action to recover the damages or equitable relief prescribed in subparagraph (A) may be maintained against any person in any Federal or State court of competent jurisdiction by any individual for and on behalf of— (i) the individual; or (ii) the individual and other individuals similarly situated. (C) Fees and costs The court in such an action shall, in addition to any judgment awarded to the plaintiff, allow a reasonable attorney's fee, reasonable expert witness fees, and other costs of the action to be paid by the defendant. (D) Limitations The right provided by subparagraph (B) to bring an action by or on behalf of any individual shall terminate— (i) on the filing of a complaint by the Commissioner in an action under paragraph (5) in which restraint is sought of any further delay in the payment of the amount described in subparagraph (A)(I) to such individual by the person responsible under subparagraph (A) for the payment; or (ii) on the filing of a complaint by the Commissioner in an action under paragraph (3) in which a recovery is sought of the damages described in subparagraph (A)(I) owing to an individual by a person liable under subparagraph (A), unless the action described in clause (i) or (ii) is dismissed without prejudice on motion of the Commissioner. (3) Action by the Commissioner (A) Civil action The Commissioner may bring an action in any court of competent jurisdiction to recover the damages described in paragraph (2)(A)(I). (B) Sums recovered Any sums recovered by the Commissioner pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be held in a special deposit account and shall be paid, on order of the Commissioner, directly to each individual affected. Any such sums not paid to an individual because of inability to do so within a period of 3 years shall be deposited into the Federal Family and Medical Leave Insurance Trust Fund. (4) Limitation (A) In general An action may be brought under this subsection not later than 3 years after the date of the last event constituting the alleged violation for which the action is brought. (B) Commencement An action brought by the Commissioner under this subsection shall be considered to be commenced on the date when the complaint is filed. (5) Action for Injunction by Commissioner The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction, for cause shown, in an action brought by the Commissioner— (A) to restrain violations of paragraph (1), including the restraint of any withholding of payment of wages, salary, employment benefits, or other compensation, plus interest, found by the court to be due to an individual; or (B) to award such other equitable relief as may be appropriate, including employment, reinstatement, and promotion. (i) Special rule for railroad employees For purposes of subsection (a)(1), an individual shall be deemed to be insured for disability insurance benefits if the individual would be so insured if the individual’s service as an employee (as defined in the section 1(b) of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974) after December 31, 1936, were included within the meaning of the term employment 42 U.S.C. 401 (j) Determination of whether an activity constitutes qualified caregiving (1) In general For purposes of determining whether an activity engaged in by an individual constitutes qualified caregiving under this section— (A) the term spouse 29 U.S.C. 2612(a) (B) the term son or daughter (2) Domestic partner (A) In general For purposes of paragraph (1), the term domestic partner (B) Committed relationship defined The term committed relationship (k) Applicability of certain Social Security Act provisions The provisions of sections 204, 205, 206, and 208 of the Social Security Act shall apply to benefit payments authorized by and paid out pursuant to this section in the same way that such provisions apply to benefit payments authorized by and paid out pursuant to title II of such Act. (l) Effective date for applications Applications described in this section may be filed beginning 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act. 5. Establishment of Family and Medical Leave Insurance Trust Fund (a) In general There is hereby created on the books of the Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as the Federal Family and Medical Leave Insurance Trust Fund 42 U.S.C. 401(i)(1) (b) Authorization of appropriations (1) In general There is authorized to be appropriated to the Federal Family and Medical Leave Insurance Trust Fund out of moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated— (A) for the first three fiscal years beginning after the date of enactment of this Act, such sums as may be necessary for the Commissioner to administer the office established under section 3 and pay the benefits under section 4; (B) 100 percent of the taxes imposed by sections 3101(c) and 3111(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 with respect to wages (as defined in section 3121 of such Code) reported to the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to subtitle F of such Code, as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury by applying the applicable rate of tax under such sections to such wages; (C) 100 percent of the taxes imposed by section 1401(c) of such Code with respect to self-employment income (as defined in section 1402 of such Code) reported to the Secretary of the Treasury on tax returns under subtitle F of such Code, as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury by applying the applicable rate of tax under such section to such self-employment income; and (D) 100 percent of the taxes imposed by sections 3201(c), 3211(c), and 3221(c) of such Code with respect to compensation (as defined in section 3231 of such Code) reported to the Secretary of the Treasury on tax returns under subtitle F of such Code, as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury by applying the applicable rate of tax under such sections to such compensation. (2) Repayment of initial appropriation Amounts appropriated pursuant to subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) shall be repaid to the Treasury of the United States not later than 10 years after the first appropriation is made pursuant to such subparagraph. (3) Transfer to Trust Fund The amounts described in paragraph (2) shall be transferred from time to time from the general fund in the Treasury to the Federal Family and Medical Leave Insurance Trust Fund, such amounts to be determined on the basis of estimates by the Secretary of the Treasury of the taxes, specified in such paragraph, paid to or deposited into the Treasury. Proper adjustments shall be made in amounts subsequently transferred to the extent prior estimates were inconsistent with the taxes specified in such paragraph. (c) Management of Trust Fund The provisions of subsections (c), (d), (e), (f), (i), and (m) of section 201 of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 401 (d) Benefits paid from Trust Fund Benefit payments required to be made under section 4 shall be made only from the Federal Family and Medical Leave Insurance Trust Fund. (e) Administration There are authorized to be made available for expenditure, out of the Federal Family and Medical Leave Insurance Trust Fund, such sums as may be necessary to pay the costs of the administration of section 4, including start-up costs, technical assistance, outreach, education, evaluation, and reporting. (f) Prohibition No funds from the Social Security Trust Fund or appropriated to the Social Security Administration to administer Social Security programs may be used for Federal Family and Medical Leave Insurance benefits or administration set forth under this Act. 6. Internal Revenue Code provisions (a) In general (1) Employee contribution Section 3101 (A) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d); and (B) by inserting after subsection (b) the following: (c) Family and medical leave insurance (1) In general In addition to other taxes, there is hereby imposed on the income of every individual a tax equal to the applicable percentage of the wages (as defined in section 3121(a)) received by the individual with respect to employment (as defined in section 3121(b)). (2) Applicable percentage For purposes of paragraph (1), the term applicable percentage . (2) Employer contribution Section 3111 of such Code is amended— (A) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d); and (B) by inserting after subsection (b) the following: (c) Family and medical leave insurance (1) In general In addition to other taxes, there is hereby imposed on every employer an excise tax, with respect to having individuals in his employ, equal to the applicable percentage of the wages (as defined in section 3121(a)) paid by the employer with respect to employment (as defined in section 3121(b)). (2) Applicable percentage For purposes of paragraph (1), the term applicable percentage . (3) Self-employment income contribution (A) In general Section 1401 of such Code is amended— (i) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d); and (ii) by inserting after subsection (b) the following: (c) Family and medical leave insurance (1) In general In addition to other taxes, there is hereby imposed for each taxable year, on the self-employment income of every individual, a tax equal to the applicable percentage of the amount of the self-employment income for such taxable year. (2) Applicable percentage For purposes of paragraph (1), the term applicable percentage . (B) Exclusion of certain net earnings from self-employment Section 1402(b)(1) of such Code is amended by striking tax imposed by section 1401(a) taxes imposed by subsections (a) and (c) of section 1401 (b) Railroad Retirement Tax Act (1) Employee contribution Section 3201 of such Code is amended— (A) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d); and (B) by inserting after subsection (b) the following: (c) Family and Medical Leave insurance (1) In general In addition to other taxes, there is hereby imposed on the income of each employee a tax equal to the applicable percentage of the compensation received during any calendar year by such employee for services rendered by such employee. (2) Applicable percentage For purposes of paragraph (1), the term applicable percentage . (2) Employee representative contribution Section 3211 of such Code is amended— (A) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d); and (B) by inserting after subsection (b) the following: (c) Family and Medical Leave insurance (1) In general In addition to other taxes, there is hereby imposed on the income of each employee representative a tax equal to the applicable percentage of the compensation received during any calendar year by such employee representative for services rendered by such employee representative. (2) Applicable percentage For purposes of paragraph (1), the term applicable percentage . (3) Employer contribution Section 3221 of such Code is amended— (A) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d); and (B) by inserting after subsection (b) the following: (c) Family and Medical Leave insurance (1) In general In addition to other taxes, there is hereby imposed on every employer an excise tax, with respect to having individuals in his employ, equal to the applicable percentage of the compensation paid during any calendar year by such employer for services rendered to such employer. (2) Applicable percentage For purposes of paragraph (1), the term applicable percentage . (c) Conforming amendments (1) Section 6413(c) (A) in paragraph (1)— (i) by inserting , section 3101(c), by section 3101(a) (ii) by striking both each (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting or 3101(c) 3101(a) (2) Section 15(a) of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 ( 45 U.S.C. 231n(a) (other than sections 3201(c), 3211(c), and 3221(c)) (d) Effective date The amendments made by this section shall take effect 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act. 7. Regulations The Commissioner, in consultation with the Secretary of Labor, shall prescribe regulations necessary to carry out this Act. In developing such regulations, the Commissioner shall consider the input from a volunteer advisory body comprised of not more than 15 individuals, including experts in the relevant subject matter and officials charged with implementing State paid family and medical leave insurance programs. The Commissioner shall take such programs into account when proposing regulations. Such individuals shall be appointed as follows: (1) Five individuals to be appointed by the President. (2) Three individuals to be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate. (3) Two individuals to be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate. (4) Three individuals to be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. (5) Two individuals to be appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives. 8. GAO Study As soon as practicable after calendar year 2024, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report on family and medical leave insurance benefits paid under section 4 for any month during the 1-year period beginning on January 1, 2024. The report shall include the following: (1) An identification of the total number of applications for such benefits filed for any month during such 1-year period, and the average number of days occurring in the period beginning on the date on which such an application is received and ending on the date on which the initial determination of eligibility with respect to the application is made. (2) An identification of the total number of requests for review of an initial adverse determination of eligibility for such benefits made during such 1-year period, and the average number of days occurring in the period beginning on the date on which such review is requested and ending on the date on which the final determination of eligibility with respect to such review is made. (3) An identification of the total number of monthly benefit claim reports for such benefits filed during such 1-year period, and the average number of days occurring in the period beginning on the date on which such a claim report is received and ending on the date on which the initial determination of eligibility with respect to the claim report is made. (4) An identification of the total number of requests for review of an initial adverse determination relating to a monthly benefit claim report for such benefits made during such 1-year period, and the average number of days occurring in the period beginning on the date on which such review is requested and ending on the date on which the final determination of eligibility with respect to such review is made. (5) An identification of any excessive delay in any of the periods described in paragraphs (1) through (4), and a description of the causes for such delay.

Summary: Family and Medical Insurance Leave Act or the FAMILY Act This bill entitles every employee to a family and medical leave insurance (FMLI) monthly benefit payment of two-thirds of the employee's regular pay, limited to a maximum of $4,000, for not more than 60 days of qualified caregiving. The bill establishes the Office of Paid Family and Medical Leave within the Social Security Administration to administer the FMLI program. An FMLI benefit payment must be coordinated with any periodic benefits received under a state or local temporary disability insurance or family leave program. The bill imposes a tax on employers, employees, and self-employed individuals to fund FMLI benefits. It also establishes the Federal Family and Medical Leave Insurance Trust Fund to hold tax revenues.