Combating Sexual Harassment in Science Act of 2021

To provide for research to better understand the causes and consequences of sexual harassment affecting individuals in the scientific, technical, engineering, and mathematics workforce and to examine policies to reduce the prevalence and negative impact of such harassment, and for other purposes. 1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Combating Sexual Harassment in Science Act of 2021 (b) Table of contents The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Findings. Sec. 3. Definitions. Sec. 4. Research grants. Sec. 5. Data collection. Sec. 6. Responsible conduct guide. Sec. 7. Interagency working group. Sec. 8. National academies assessment. Sec. 9. Government Accountability Office Study. 2. Findings Congress makes the following findings: (1) According to the report issued by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in 2018 entitled Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (A) sexual harassment is pervasive in institutions of higher education; (B) the most common type of sexual harassment is gender harassment, which includes verbal and nonverbal behaviors that convey insulting, hostile, and degrading attitudes about members of one gender; (C) 58 percent of employees in the academic workplace experience sexual harassment, the second highest rate when compared to the military, the private sector, and Federal, State, and local government; (D) women of color are more likely to experience sexual harassment and to feel unsafe at work than white women, white men, or men of color; (E) the training for each individual who has a doctor of philosophy in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields is estimated to cost approximately $500,000; and (F) attrition of an individual so trained results in a loss of talent and money. (2) Sexual harassment undermines career advancement for women. (3) According to a 2017 study led by Dr. Kathryn Clancy at the University of Illinois, among astronomers and planetary scientists, 18 percent of women of color and 12 percent of white women skipped professional events because they did not feel safe attending. (4) Many women report leaving employment at institutions of higher education due to sexual harassment. (5) Research shows the majority of individuals do not formally report experiences of sexual harassment due to a justified fear of retaliation or other negative professional or personal consequences. (6) Reporting procedures with respect to such harassment are inconsistent among Federal science agencies and have varying degrees of accessibility. (7) There is not adequate communication among Federal science agencies and between such agencies and grant recipients regarding reports of sexual harassment, which has resulted in harassers receiving Federal funding after moving to a different institution. 3. Definitions In this Act: (1) Academies The term Academies (2) Director The term Director (3) Federal science agency The term Federal science agency (4) Grant personnel The term grant personnel (5) Institution of higher education The term institution of higher education 20 U.S.C. 1001 (6) Recipient The term recipient recipient (7) Sexual harassment The term sexual harassment (A) verbal and nonverbal behaviors that are severe and pervasive and convey, among other things, hostility, objectification, ridicule, exclusion, or second-class status about one’s sex (including sexual orientation, gender identity, gender presentation, or pregnancy status); (B) unwelcome sexual advances; (C) unwanted physical contact that is sexual in nature, including assault; (D) unwanted sexual attention, including sexual comments and propositions for sexual activity; (E) conditioning professional or educational benefits on sexual activity; and (F) retaliation for rejecting unwanted sexual attention. 4. Research grants (a) In general The Director shall award grants, on a competitive basis, to institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or organizations)— (1) to expand research efforts to better understand the factors contributing to, and consequences of, sexual harassment affecting individuals in the scientific, technical, engineering, and mathematics workforce, including students and trainees; and (2) to examine interventions to reduce the incidence and negative consequences of such harassment. (b) Use of funds Activities funded by a grant under this section may include— (1) research on the sexual harassment experiences of individuals in underrepresented or vulnerable groups, including communities of color, disabled individuals, foreign nationals, sexual- and gender-minority individuals, and others; (2) development and assessment of policies, procedures, trainings, and interventions, with respect to sexual harassment, conflict management, and ways to foster respectful and inclusive climates; (3) research on approaches for remediating the negative impacts and outcomes of such harassment on individuals experiencing such harassment; (4) support for institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations to develop, adapt, implement, and assess the impact of innovative, evidence-based strategies, policies, and approaches to policy implementation to prevent and address sexual harassment; (5) research on alternatives to the power dynamics and hierarchical and dependent relationships in academia that have been shown to create higher levels of risk for and lower levels of reporting of sexual harassment; and (6) establishing a center for the ongoing compilation, management, and analysis of organizational climate survey data. 5. Data collection Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director, through the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics and with guidance from the Office of Management and Budget given their oversight of the Federal statistical agencies, shall convene a working group composed of representatives of Federal statistical agencies— (1) to develop questions on sexual harassment in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics departments to gather national data on the prevalence, nature, and implications of sexual harassment in institutions of higher education that builds on the work conducted by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics in response to recommendations from the Academies to develop questions on harassment; and (2) to include such questions as appropriate, with sufficient protections of the privacy of respondents, in relevant surveys conducted by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics and other relevant entities. 6. Responsible conduct guide (a) In general Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall enter into an agreement with the Academies to update the report entitled On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research (1) updated professional standards of conduct in research; (2) standards of treatment individuals can expect to receive under such updated standards of conduct; (3) evidence-based practices for fostering a climate intolerant of sexual harassment; (4) methods, including bystander intervention, for identifying and addressing incidents of sexual harassment; (5) professional standards for mentorship and teaching with an emphasis on power diffusion mechanisms and preventing sexual harassment; and (6) recommended vetting and hiring practices scientific research entities are urged to implement to increase diversity and eliminate serial harassers. (b) Recommendations In updating the report under subsection (a), the Academies shall take into account recommendations made in the report issued by the Academies in 2018 entitled Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (c) Report Not later than 18 months after the effective date of the agreement under subsection (a), the Academies, as part of such agreement, shall submit to the Director and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate the report referred to in such subsection, as updated pursuant to such subsection. 7. Interagency working group (a) In general The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, acting through the National Science and Technology Council, shall establish an interagency working group for the purpose of coordinating Federal science agency efforts to reduce the prevalence of sexual harassment involving grant personnel. The working group shall be chaired by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (or the Director’s designee) and shall include a representative from each Federal science agency with annual extramural research expenditures totaling over $1,000,000,000, representatives from the Department of Education, and a representative from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (b) Responsibilities of working group The interagency working group established under subsection (a) shall coordinate Federal science agency efforts to implement the policy guidelines developed under subsection (c)(2). (c) Responsibilities of OSTP The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall— (1) not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate an inventory of Federal science agency policies, procedures, and resources dedicated to preventing and responding to reports of sexual harassment; (2) not later than 6 months after the date on which the inventory is submitted under paragraph (1)— (A) in consultation with outside stakeholders, develop a set of policy guidelines for Federal science agencies; and (B) submit a report to the committees referred to in paragraph (1) containing such guidelines; (3) encourage and monitor efforts of Federal science agencies to develop or maintain and implement policies based on the guidelines developed under paragraph (2); (4) not later than 1 year after the date on which the inventory under paragraph (1) is submitted, and every 5 years thereafter, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall report to Congress on the implementation by Federal science agencies of the policy guidelines developed under paragraph (2); and (5) update such policy guidelines as needed. (d) Requirements (1) In General In developing policy guidelines under subsection (c)(2), the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall consider guidelines that require— (A) recipients to submit to the Federal science agency or agencies from which the recipients receive funding reports relating to— (i) findings or determinations of sexual harassment by or of grant personnel; and (ii) any decisions made to place grant personnel on administrative leave or impose any administrative action on grant personnel related to any sexual harassment investigation; (B) the updating, sharing, and archiving of reports of sexual harassment from recipients submitted under subparagraph (A) with relevant Federal science agencies by agency request; and (C) to the extent practicable, consistency among relevant Federal science agencies with regards to the policies and procedures for receiving reports submitted pursuant to subparagraph (A). (2) FERPA The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall ensure that such guidelines and requirements are consistent with the requirements of section 444 of the General Education Provisions Act ( 20 U.S.C. 1232g Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (e) Considerations In developing policy guidelines under subsection (c)(2), the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall consider protocols that— (1) require recipients that receive funds from Federal science agencies to periodically assess their organizational climate, which may include the use of climate surveys, focus groups, or exit interviews; (2) require recipients that receive funds from Federal science agencies to publish on a publicly available internet website the results of assessments conducted pursuant to paragraph (1), disaggregated by gender and, if possible, race, ethnicity, disability status, and sexual orientation; (3) require recipients that receive funds from Federal science agencies to make public on an annual basis the number of reports of sexual harassment at that institution or organization; (4) require recipients that receive funds from Federal science agencies to regularly assess and improve policies, procedures, and interventions to reduce the prevalence of and improve the reporting of sexual harassment; (5) require each entity applying for Federal assistance awards from a Federal science agency to have a code of conduct for maintaining a healthy and welcoming workplace for grant personnel posted on their public website; (6) require each recipient that receives funds from Federal science agencies to have in place mechanisms for the re-integration of individuals who have experienced sexual harassment; and (7) reward and incentivize recipients that receive funds from Federal science agencies that are working to create a climate intolerant of sexual harassment and that values and promotes diversity and inclusion. (f) Federal science agency implementation Each Federal science agency shall— (1) develop or maintain and implement policies with respect to sexual harassment that are consistent with policy guidelines under subsection (c)(2) and that protect the privacy of all parties involved in any report and investigation of sexual harassment, except to the extent necessary to carry out an investigation; and (2) broadly disseminate such policies to current and potential recipients of research grants awarded by such agency. (g) Sunset The interagency working group established under subsection (a) shall terminate on the date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment of this Act. 8. National academies assessment (1) the state of research on sexual harassment in such workforce; (2) whether research demonstrates a decrease in the prevalence of sexual harassment in such workforce; (3) the progress made with respect to implementing recommendations promulgated in the Academies consensus study report entitled Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (4) where to focus future efforts with respect to decreasing sexual harassment in such institutions. 9. Government Accountability Office Study Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall— (1) complete a study that assesses the degree to which Federal science agencies have implemented the policy guidelines developed under section 7(c)(2) and the effectiveness of that implementation; and (2) submit a report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on the results of such study, including recommendations on potential changes to practices and policies to improve those guidelines and that implementation.

Summary: Combating Sexual Harassment in Science Act This bill addresses sexual harassment in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields by supporting research regarding sexual harassment and efforts to prevent and respond to sexual harassment. This bill directs the National Science Foundation (NSF) to award grants to institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations (or their consortia) to expand research into the factors contributing to, and consequences of, sexual harassment affecting individuals in the STEM workforce, including students and trainees; and examine interventions for reducing the incidence and negative consequences of sexual harassment. The NSF must convene a working group to gather national data on the prevalence, nature, and implications of such harassment in institutions of higher education. The NSF shall enter into agreements with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to (1) update a responsible conduct guide issued by the National Academies to include, among other things, evidence-based practices for fostering a climate that is intolerant of sexual harassment; and (2) study the influence of sexual harassment in institutions of higher education on the career advancement of individuals in the STEM workforce. The National Science and Technology Council shall establish an interagency working group to coordinate the federal science agencies' efforts to reduce the prevalence of sexual harassment involving grant personnel. The Office of Science and Technology Policy must develop policy guidelines for such agencies to prevent and respond to reports of sexual harassment and gender harassment.