EAGLE Act of 2022

To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to eliminate the per-country numerical limitation for employment-based immigrants, to increase the per-country numerical limitation for family-sponsored immigrants, and for other purposes. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Equal Access to Green cards for Legal Employment Act of 2022 EAGLE Act of 2022 2. Numerical limitation to any single foreign state (a) In general Section 202(a)(2) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1152(a)(2) (2) Per country levels for family-sponsored immigrants Subject to paragraphs (3) and (4), the total number of immigrant visas made available to natives of any single foreign state or dependent area under section 203(a) in any fiscal year may not exceed 15 percent (in the case of a single foreign state) or 2 percent (in the case of a dependent area) of the total number of such visas made available under such section in that fiscal year. . (b) Conforming amendments Section 202 of such Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1152 (1) in subsection (a)— (A) in paragraph (3), by striking both subsections (a) and (b) of section 203 section 203(a) (B) by striking paragraph (5); and (2) by amending subsection (e) to read as follows: (e) Special rules for countries at ceiling If the total number of immigrant visas made available under section 203(a) to natives of any single foreign state or dependent area will exceed the numerical limitation specified in subsection (a)(2) in any fiscal year, immigrant visas shall be allotted to such natives under section 203(a) (to the extent practicable and otherwise consistent with this section and section 203) in a manner so that, except as provided in subsection (a)(4), the proportion of the visas made available under each of paragraphs (1) through (4) of section 203(a) is equal to the ratio of the total visas made available under the respective paragraph to the total visas made available under section 203(a). . (c) Country-Specific offset Section 2 of the Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992 ( Public Law 102–404 8 U.S.C. 1255 (1) in subsection (a), by striking (as defined in subsection (e)) (2) by striking subsection (d); and (3) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (d). (d) Application The amendments made by this section shall apply beginning on the date that is the first day of the second fiscal year beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act. (e) Transition rules for employment-Based immigrants Notwithstanding title II of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1151 et seq. (1) Reserved visas for lower admission states (A) In general For the first nine fiscal years after the date referred to in subsection (d), immigrant visas under each of paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 203(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1153(b) (i) For the first fiscal year after such date, 30 percent of such visas. (ii) For the second fiscal year after such date, 25 percent of such visas. (iii) For the third fiscal year after such date, 20 percent of such visas. (iv) For the fourth fiscal year after such date, 15 percent of such visas. (v) For the fifth and sixth fiscal years after such date, 10 percent of such visas. (vi) For the seventh, eighth, and ninth fiscal years after such date, 5 percent of such visas. (B) Additional reserved visas for new arrivals For each of the first nine fiscal years after the date referred to in subsection (d), an additional 5.75 percent of the immigrant visas made available under each of paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 203(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1153(b) (i) Family members accompanying or following to join Visas reserved under this subparagraph shall be allocated to family members described in section 203(d) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1153(d) 8 U.S.C. 1153(b) (ii) New principal arrivals If at the end of the second quarter of any fiscal year, the total number of visas reserved under this subparagraph exceeds the number of qualified immigrants described in clause (i), such visas may also be allocated, for the remainder of the fiscal year, to individuals (and their family members described in section 203(d) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1153(d) 8 U.S.C. 1153(b) (iii) Other new arrivals If at the end of the third quarter of any fiscal year, the total number of visas reserved under this subparagraph exceeds the number of qualified immigrants described in clauses (i) and (ii), such visas may be also be allocated, for the remainder of the fiscal year, to other individuals (and their family members described in section 203(d) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1153(d) 8 U.S.C. 1153(b) (2) Reserved visas for shortage occupations (A) In general For each of the first seven fiscal years after the date referred to in subsection (d), not fewer than 4,400 of the immigrant visas made available under section 203(b)(3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1153(b)(3) (B) Family members Family members who are accompanying or following to join a principal beneficiary described in subparagraph (A) shall be entitled to a visa in the same status and in the same order of consideration as such principal beneficiary, but such visa shall not be counted against the 4,400 immigrant visas reserved under such subparagraph. (3) Per-country levels For each of the first nine fiscal years after the date referred to in subsection (d)— (A) not more than 25 percent (in the case of a single foreign state) or 2 percent (in the case of a dependent area) of the total number of visas reserved under paragraph (1) shall be allocated to immigrants who are natives of any single foreign state or dependent area; and (B) not more than 85 percent of the immigrant visas made available under each of paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 203(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1153(b) (4) Special rule to prevent unused visas If, at the end of the third quarter of any fiscal year, the Secretary of State determines that the application of paragraphs (1) through (3) would result in visas made available under paragraph (2) or (3) of section 203(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1153(b) (5) Rules for chargeability and dependents Section 202(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1152(b) 8 U.S.C. 1153(d) (6) Determination of two foreign states or dependent areas with highest demand The two foreign states or dependent areas with the highest demand for immigrant visas, as referred to in this subsection, are the two foreign states or dependent areas with the largest aggregate number beneficiaries of petitions for an immigrant visa under section 203(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1153(b) 3. Posting available positions through the Department of Labor (a) Department of Labor website Section 212(n) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(n) (6) For purposes of complying with paragraph (1)(C): (A) Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the , the Secretary of Labor shall establish a searchable internet website for posting positions in accordance with paragraph (1)(C) that is available to the public without charge, except that the Secretary may delay the launch of such website for a single period identified by the Secretary by notice in the Federal Register that shall not exceed 30 days. (B) The Secretary may work with private companies or nonprofit organizations to develop and operate the internet website described in subparagraph (A). (C) The Secretary shall promulgate rules, after notice and a period for comment, to carry out this paragraph. . (b) Publication requirement The Secretary of Labor shall submit to Congress, and publish in the Federal Register and in other appropriate media, a notice of the date on which the internet website required under section 212(n)(6) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as established by subsection (a), will be operational. (c) Application The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply beginning on the date that is 90 days after the date described in subsection (b). (d) Internet posting requirement Section 212(n)(1)(C) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(n)(1)(C) (1) by redesignating clause (ii) as subclause (II); (2) by striking (i) has provided (ii) (I) has provided ; and (3) by inserting before clause (ii), as redesignated by paragraph (2), the following: (i) except in the case of an employer filing a petition on behalf of an H–1B nonimmigrant who has already been counted against the numerical limitations and is not eligible for a full 6-year period, as described in section 214(g)(7), or on behalf of an H–1B nonimmigrant authorized to accept employment under section 214(n), has posted on the internet website described in paragraph (6), for at least 30 calendar days, a description of each position for which a nonimmigrant is sought, that includes— (I) the occupational classification, and if different the employer’s job title for the position, in which each nonimmigrant will be employed; (II) the education, training, or experience qualifications for the position; (III) the salary or wage range and employee benefits offered; (IV) each location at which a nonimmigrant will be employed; and (V) the process for applying for a position; and . 4. H–1B employer petition requirements (a) Wage determination information Section 212(n)(1)(D) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(n)(1)(D) the prevailing wage determination methodology used under subparagraph (A)(i)(II), shall contain (b) New application requirements Section 212(n)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(n)(1) (H) (i) The employer, or a person or entity acting on the employer’s behalf, has not advertised any available position specified in the application in an advertisement that states or indicates that— (I) such position is only available to an individual who is or will be an H–1B nonimmigrant; or (II) an individual who is or will be an H–1B nonimmigrant shall receive priority or a preference in the hiring process for such position. (ii) The employer has not primarily recruited individuals who are or who will be H–1B nonimmigrants to fill such position. (I) If the employer, in a previous period specified by the Secretary, employed one or more H–1B nonimmigrants, the employer shall submit to the Secretary the Internal Revenue Service Form W–2 Wage and Tax Statements filed by the employer with respect to the H–1B nonimmigrants for such period. . (c) Additional requirement for new H–1B petitions (1) In general Section 212(n)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(n)(1) (J) (i) If the employer employs 50 or more employees in the United States, the sum of the number of such employees who are H–1B nonimmigrants plus the number of such employees who are nonimmigrants described in section 101(a)(15)(L) does not exceed 50 percent of the total number of employees. (ii) Any group treated as a single employer under subsection (b), (c), (m), or (o) of section 414 . (2) Rule of construction Nothing in subparagraph (J) of section 212(n)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(n)(1) (3) Application The amendment made by this subsection shall apply with respect to an employer commencing on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act. (d) Labor condition application fee Section 212(n) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(n) (7) (A) The Secretary of Labor shall promulgate a regulation that requires applicants under this subsection to pay an administrative fee to cover the average paperwork processing costs and other administrative costs. (B) (i) Fees collected under this paragraph shall be deposited as offsetting receipts within the general fund of the Treasury in a separate account, which shall be known as the H–1B Administration, Oversight, Investigation, and Enforcement Account (ii) The Secretary of the Treasury shall refund amounts in such account to the Secretary of Labor for salaries and related expenses associated with the administration, oversight, investigation, and enforcement of the H–1B nonimmigrant visa program. . (e) Elimination of B–1 in lieu of H–1 Section 214(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1184(g) (12) (A) Unless otherwise authorized by law, an alien normally classifiable under section 101(a)(15)(H)(i) who seeks admission to the United States to provide services in a specialty occupation described in paragraph (1) or (3) of subsection (i) may not be issued a visa or admitted under section 101(a)(15)(B) for such purpose. (B) Nothing in this paragraph may be construed to authorize the admission of an alien under section 101(a)(15)(B) who is coming to the United States for the purpose of performing skilled or unskilled labor if such admission is not otherwise authorized by law. . (f) Ending media abuse of H–1B Section 214(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1184(g) (13) An alien normally classifiable under section 101(a)(15)(I) who seeks admission to the United States solely as a representative of the foreign press, radio, film, or other foreign information media, may not be issued a visa or admitted under section 101(a)(15)(H)(i) to engage in such vocation. . 5. Investigation and disposition of complaints against H–1B employers (a) Investigation, working conditions, and penalties Section 212(n)(2)(C) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(n)(2)(C) (iv) (I) An employer that has filed an application under this subsection violates this clause by taking, failing to take, or threatening to take or fail to take a personnel action, or intimidating, threatening, restraining, coercing, blacklisting, discharging, or discriminating in any other manner against an employee because the employee— (aa) disclosed information that the employee reasonably believes evidences a violation of this subsection or any rule or regulation pertaining to this subsection; or (bb) cooperated or sought to cooperate with the requirements under this subsection or any rule or regulation pertaining to this subsection. (II) An employer that violates this clause shall be liable to the employee harmed by such violation for lost wages and benefits. (III) In this clause, the term employee (aa) a current employee; (bb) a former employee; and (cc) an applicant for employment. . (b) Information sharing Section 212(n)(2)(H) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(n)(2)(H) (H) (i) The Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services shall provide the Secretary of Labor with any information contained in the materials submitted by employers of H–1B nonimmigrants as part of the petition adjudication process that indicates that the employer is not complying with visa program requirements for H–1B nonimmigrants. (ii) The Secretary may initiate and conduct an investigation and hearing under this paragraph after receiving information of noncompliance under this subparagraph. . 6. Labor condition applications (a) Application review requirements Section 212(n)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(n)(1) (1) in the fourth sentence, by inserting , and through the internet website of the Department of Labor, without charge. Washington, D.C. (2) in the fifth sentence, by striking only for completeness for completeness, clear indicators of fraud or misrepresentation of material fact, (3) in the sixth sentence, by striking or obviously inaccurate , presents clear indicators of fraud or misrepresentation of material fact, or is obviously inaccurate (4) by adding at the end the following: If the Secretary’s review of an application identifies clear indicators of fraud or misrepresentation of material fact, the Secretary may conduct an investigation and hearing in accordance with paragraph (2). (b) Ensuring prevailing wages are for area of employment and actual wages are for similarly employed Section 212(n)(1)(A) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(n)(1)(A) (1) in clause (i), in the undesignated matter following subclause (II), by striking and (2) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and inserting , and (3) by adding at the end the following: (iii) will ensure that— (I) the actual wages or range identified in clause (i) relate solely to employees having substantially the same duties and responsibilities as the H–1B nonimmigrant in the geographical area of intended employment, considering experience, qualifications, education, job responsibility and function, specialized knowledge, and other legitimate business factors, except in a geographical area there are no such employees, and (II) the prevailing wages identified in clause (ii) reflect the best available information for the geographical area within normal commuting distance of the actual address of employment at which the H–1B nonimmigrant is or will be employed. . (c) Procedures for investigation and disposition Section 212(n)(2)(A) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(n)(2)(A) (1) by striking (2)(A) Subject (2)(A)(i) Subject (2) by striking the fourth sentence; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (ii) (I) Upon receipt of a complaint under clause (i), the Secretary may initiate an investigation to determine whether such a failure or misrepresentation has occurred. (II) The Secretary may conduct— (aa) surveys of the degree to which employers comply with the requirements under this subsection; and (bb) subject to subclause (IV), annual compliance audits of any employer that employs H–1B nonimmigrants during the applicable calendar year. (III) Subject to subclause (IV), the Secretary shall— (aa) conduct annual compliance audits of each employer that employs more than 100 full-time equivalent employees who are employed in the United States if more than 15 percent of such full-time employees are H–1B nonimmigrants; and (bb) make available to the public an executive summary or report describing the general findings of the audits conducted under this subclause. (IV) In the case of an employer subject to an annual compliance audit in which there was no finding of a willful failure to meet a condition under subparagraph (C)(ii), no further annual compliance audit shall be conducted with respect to such employer for a period of not less than 4 years, absent evidence of misrepresentation or fraud. . (d) Penalties for violations Section 212(n)(2)(C) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(n)(2)(C) (1) in clause (i)— (A) in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking a condition of paragraph (1)(B), (1)(E), or (1)(F) a condition of paragraph (1)(B), (1)(E), (1)(F), (1)(H), or (1)(I) (B) in subclause (I), by striking $1,000 $3,000 (2) in clause (ii)(I), by striking $5,000 $15,000 (3) in clause (iii)(I), by striking $35,000 $100,000 (4) in clause (vi)(III), by striking $1,000 $3,000 (e) Initiation of investigations Section 212(n)(2)(G) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(n)(2)(G) (1) in clause (i), by striking In the case of an investigation (2) in clause (ii), in the first sentence, by striking and whose identity failure or failures. the Secretary of Labor may conduct an investigation into the employer’s compliance with the requirements under this subsection. (3) in clause (iii), by striking the second sentence; (4) by striking clauses (iv) and (v); (5) by redesignating clauses (vi), (vii), and (viii) as clauses (iv), (v), and (vi), respectively; (6) in clause (iv), as so redesignated— (A) by striking clause (viii) clause (vi) (B) by striking meet a condition described in clause (ii) comply with the requirements under this subsection (7) by amending clause (v), as so redesignated, to read as follows: (v) (I) The Secretary of Labor shall provide notice to an employer of the intent to conduct an investigation under clause (i) or (ii). (II) The notice shall be provided in such a manner, and shall contain sufficient detail, to permit the employer to respond to the allegations before an investigation is commenced. (III) The Secretary is not required to comply with this clause if the Secretary determines that such compliance would interfere with an effort by the Secretary to investigate or secure compliance by the employer with the requirements of this subsection. (IV) A determination by the Secretary under this clause shall not be subject to judicial review. ; (8) in clause (vi), as so redesignated, by striking An investigation the determination. If the Secretary of Labor, after an investigation under clause (i) or (ii), determines that a reasonable basis exists to make a finding that the employer has failed to comply with the requirements under this subsection, the Secretary shall provide interested parties with notice of such determination and an opportunity for a hearing in accordance with section 556 of title 5, United States Code, not later than 60 days after the date of such determination. (9) by adding at the end the following: (vii) If the Secretary of Labor, after a hearing, finds that the employer has violated a requirement under this subsection, the Secretary may impose a penalty pursuant to subparagraph (C). . 7. Adjustment of status for employment-based immigrants (a) Adjustment of status for employment-Based immigrants Section 245 of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1255 (o) Adjustment of status for employment-Based immigrants (1) In general Notwithstanding subsection (a)(3), an alien (including the alien’s spouse or child, if eligible to receive a visa under section 203(d)), may file an application for adjustment of status if— (A) the alien— (i) is present in the United States pursuant to a lawful admission as a nonimmigrant, other than a nonimmigrant described in subparagraph (B), (C), (D), or (S) of section 101(a)(15), section 212(l), or section 217; and (ii) subject to subsection (k), is not ineligible for adjustment of status under subsection (c); and (B) not less than 2 years have elapsed since the immigrant visa petition filed by or on behalf of the alien under subparagraph (E) or (F) of section 204(a)(1) was approved. (2) Protection for children The child of a principal alien who files an application for adjustment of status under this subsection shall continue to qualify as a child for purposes of the application, regardless of the child’s age or whether the principal alien is deceased at the time an immigrant visa becomes available. (3) Travel and employment authorization (A) Advance parole Applicants for adjustment of status under this subsection shall be eligible for advance parole under the same terms and conditions as applicants for adjustment of status under subsection (a). (B) Employment authorization (i) Principal alien Subject to paragraph (4), a principal applicant for adjustment of status under this subsection shall be eligible for work authorization under the same terms and conditions as applicants for adjustment of status under subsection (a). (ii) Limitations on employment authorization for dependents A dependent alien who was neither authorized to work nor eligible to request work authorization at the time an application for adjustment of status is filed under this subsection shall not be eligible to receive work authorization due to the filing of such application. (4) Conditions on adjustment of status and employment authorization for principal aliens (A) In general During the time an application for adjustment of status under this subsection is pending and until such time an immigrant visa becomes available— (i) the terms and conditions of the alien’s employment, including duties, hours, and compensation, must be commensurate with the terms and conditions applicable to the employer’s similarly situated United States workers in the area of employment, or if the employer does not employ and has not recently employed more than two such workers, the terms and conditions of such employment must be commensurate with the terms and conditions applicable to other similarly situated United States workers in the area of employment; and (ii) consistent with section 204(j), if the alien changes positions or employers, the new position is in the same or a similar occupational classification as the job for which the petition was filed. (B) Special filing procedures An application for adjustment of status filed by a principal alien under this subsection shall be accompanied by— (i) a signed letter from the principal alien’s current or prospective employer attesting that the terms and conditions of the alien’s employment are commensurate with the terms and conditions of employment for similarly situated United States workers in the area of employment; and (ii) other information deemed necessary by the Secretary of Homeland Security to verify compliance with subparagraph (A). (C) Application for employment authorization (i) In general An application for employment authorization filed by a principal applicant for adjustment of status under this subsection shall be accompanied by a Confirmation of Bona Fide Job Offer or Portability (or any form associated with section 204(j)) attesting that— (I) the job offered in the immigrant visa petition remains a bona fide job offer that the alien intends to accept upon approval of the adjustment of status application; or (II) the alien has accepted a new full-time job in the same or a similar occupational classification as the job described in the approved immigrant visa petition. (ii) Validity An employment authorization document issued to a principal alien who has filed an application for adjustment of status under this subsection shall be valid for three years. (iii) Renewal Any request by a principal alien to renew an employment authorization document associated with such alien’s application for adjustment of status filed under this subsection shall be accompanied by the evidence described in subparagraphs (B) and (C)(i). (5) Decision (A) In general An adjustment of status application filed under paragraph (1) may not be approved— (i) until the date on which an immigrant visa becomes available; and (ii) if the principal alien has not, within the preceding 12 months, filed a Confirmation of Bona Fide Job Offer or Portability (or any form associated with section 204(j)). (B) Request for evidence If at the time an immigrant visa becomes available, a Confirmation of Bona Fide Job Offer or Portability (or any form associated with section 204(j)) has not been filed by the principal alien within the preceding 12 months, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall notify the alien and provide instructions for submitting such form. (C) Notice of intent to deny If the most recent Confirmation of Bona Fide Job Offer or Portability (or any form associated with section 204(j)) or any prior form indicates a lack of compliance with paragraph (4)(A), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall issue a notice of intent to deny the application for adjustment of status and provide the alien the opportunity to submit evidence of compliance. (D) Denial An application for adjustment of status under this subsection may be denied if the alien fails to— (i) timely file a Confirmation of Bona Fide Job Offer or Portability (or any form associated with section 204(j)) in response to a request for evidence issued under subparagraph (B); or (ii) establish, by a preponderance of the evidence, compliance with paragraph (4)(A). (6) Fees (A) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall charge and collect a fee in the amount of $2,000 to process each Confirmation of Bona Fide Job Offer or Portability (or any form associated with section 204(j)) filed under this subsection. (B) Deposit and use of fees Fees collected under subparagraph (A) shall be deposited and used as follows: (i) Fifty percent of such fees shall be deposited in the Immigration Examinations Fee Account established under section 286(m). (ii) Fifty percent of such fees shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous receipts. (7) Application (A) The provisions of this subsection— (i) shall apply beginning on the date that is one year after the date of the enactment of the ; and (ii) except as provided in subparagraph (B), shall cease to apply as of the date that is nine years after the date of the enactment of such Act. (B) This subsection shall continue to apply with respect to any alien who has filed an application for adjustment of status under this subsection any time prior to the date on which this subsection otherwise ceases to apply. (8) Clarifications For purposes of this subsection: (A) The term similarly situated United States workers (B) The duties, hours, and compensation of the alien are commensurate . (b) Conforming amendment Section 245(k) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1255(k) or (n) pursuant to subsection (a)

Summary: Equal Access to Green cards for Legal Employment Act of 2022 or the EAGLE Act of 2022 This bill modifies requirements related to employment-based visas and addresses related issues. The bill increases the per-country cap on family-based immigrant visas from 7% of the total number of such visas available that year to 15% and eliminates the per-country cap for employment-based immigrant visas. The bill establishes transition rules for employment-based visas such as (1) reserving a percentage of EB-2 (workers with advanced degrees or exceptional ability) and EB-3 (skilled and other workers) visas for individuals not from the two countries with the largest number of recipients of such visas, and (2) allotting a number of visas for professional nurses and physical therapists. The bill imposes additional requirements on an employer seeking an H-1B visa, such as prohibiting (1) an employer from advertising that a position is only open to H-1B applicants or that H-1B applicants are preferred, and (2) certain employers from having more than half of their employees as nonimmigrant visa workers. The Department of Labor shall create a publicly available website where an employer seeking an H-1B visa must post certain information about the open position. The bill also expands Labor's authority to review and investigate H-1B applications for fraud or misrepresentations. The bill also allows certain aliens to obtain lawful permanent resident status if the alien (1) is in the United States as a nonimmigrant, (2) has an approved immigrant visa petition, and (3) has waited at least two years for a visa.