Primary Care Enhancement Act of 2015

To improve access to primary care services. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Primary Care Enhancement Act of 2015 2. Treatment of direct primary care service arrangements (a) In general Section 223(c) (6) Treatment of direct primary care service arrangements An arrangement under which an individual is provided ongoing primary care services in exchange for a fixed periodic fee which is not billed to any third party on a fee for service basis— (A) shall not be treated as a health plan for purposes of paragraph (1)(A)(ii), and (B) shall not be treated as insurance for purposes of subsection (d)(2)(B). . (b) Effective date The amendment made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act. 3. Certain provider fees to be treated as medical care (a) In general Subsection (d) of section 213 (12) Periodic provider fees The term medical care . (b) Effective date The amendment made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act. 4. Medicare primary care medical home demonstration program Section 1115A of title XI of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1315a (1) in subsection (b)(2)(A), in the last sentence, by inserting , and shall include the model described in subsection (h) (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection: (h) Primary care medical home model (1) Model (A) In general The model described in this subsection is a model under which qualified direct primary care medical home practices are reimbursed a periodic fee for furnishing services to an individual enrolled under part B of title XVIII. (B) Qualified direct primary care medical home practice In this subsection, the term qualified direct primary care medical home practice (2) Periodic fee (A) In general Subject to the succeeding provisions of this paragraph, the Secretary shall establish the periodic fee to be paid to qualified direct primary care medical home practices participating in the model under this subsection for each individual enrolled in the practice. (B) Affordable primary care In no case may a monthly equivalent of the periodic fee established by the Secretary under subparagraph (A) exceed an amount equal to twenty percent of the average per capita monthly amount that the Secretary estimates will be payable from the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund under section 1817 and from the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund for services and related administrative costs for an individual under parts A and B of title XVIII. (C) Adjustment to periodic fee (i) Performance benchmark The Secretary shall establish a performance benchmark for a year using the ACO quality measures in the Medicare shared savings program under section 1899. (ii) Adjustment Beginning with the second year the model under this subsection is conducted, in the case of a qualified direct primary care medical home practice participating in the model under this subsection— (I) that meets or exceeds the performance benchmark for the year under clause (i), the periodic fee paid to the practice for each individual enrolled in the practice shall be increased by 5 percent; and (II) that does not meet the performance benchmark for the year under clause (i), the periodic fee paid to the practice for each individual enrolled in the practice shall be reduced by 5 percent. (3) Termination if performance benchmark not net for 2 consecutive years The Secretary shall terminate the participation of a qualified direct primary care medical home practice in the model under this subsection if the practice would otherwise be subject to the adjustment under paragraph (2)(C)(ii)(II) for 2 consecutive years. (4) Scope of services Each qualified direct primary care medical home practice shall employ the following activities and functions associated with direct primary care medical homes: (A) Preventive care. (B) Wellness counseling. (C) Primary care. (D) Coordination of primary care with specialty and hospital care. (E) Availability of ongoing care appointments 7 days per week. (F) Secure e-mail and telephone consultation. (G) Availability of telephone access for ongoing care consultation on a 7-day-per-week, 24-hour-per-day basis. (H) Use of a primary care provider panel size that promotes the ability of participating providers to appropriately provide the scope of services described in this paragraph. (5) Priority (A) In general In selecting qualified direct primary care medical home practices to participate under this subsection, the Secretary shall provide priority to practices that seek to enroll individuals who are dual eligible individuals. (B) Dual eligible individual In subparagraph (A), the term dual eligible individual (i) enrolled under part B of title XVIII; and (ii) described in subparagraph (A)(ii) of section 1935(c)(6) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1396u–5(c)(6) (6) Not insurance Care provided in a qualified direct primary care medical home practice participating in the model under this subsection shall not be considered an insurance product and shall not be subject to regulation as an insurance product or health maintenance organization by State insurance commissioners. (7) Reporting to Secretary A qualified direct primary care medical home practice participating in the model under this subsection shall submit to the Secretary an annual report on— (A) the progress, of individuals enrolled in the practice with one or more chronic conditions, on the following: (i) Emergency room visits. (ii) Hospitalizations. (iii) Surgeries (including type of surgery). (iv) Specialist visits. (v) Use of advanced radiology (other than mammograms and DEXA scans); and (B) such other areas determined appropriate by the Secretary. (8) Provision of data to practices The Secretary shall provide qualified direct primary care medical home practices participating in the model under this subsection with all necessary and relevant patient data, including any prior claims data, needed for clinical purposes and for the purpose of providing an evaluation of such the model under this subsection. (9) Providers currently opted out of Medicare Notwithstanding section 1802(b), a physician or practitioner who has currently opted out of the Medicare program under such section may participate in a qualified direct primary care medical home practice participating in the model under this subsection and payment may be made under this title with respect to items and services furnished by such physician or practitioner under such model to Medicare beneficiaries with whom the physician or practitioner has in effect a private contract under such section. (10) Fraud A physician or practitioner who has been excluded from participation in a Federal health care program (as defined in section 1128C(f)) shall not be permitted to participate in a qualified direct primary care medical home practice under the model under this subsection. (11) Duration Subject to subsection (b)(3), the Secretary shall conduct the model under this subsection for a period of not less than 3 years. (12) Expansion Notwithstanding subsection (c), if the Secretary determines, after the third year that the model under this subsection is conducted, that— (A) a qualified direct primary care medical home practice participating in the model under this subsection meets the requirements under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of such subsection, such practice shall continue permanently as long as it continues to meet such requirements and the other requirements of this subsection; and (B) a majority of qualified direct primary care medical home practice participating in the model under this subsection meet the requirements under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of such subsection, the Secretary shall expand the model on a nationwide basis. . 5. Use of direct primary care medical homes under the Medicare Advantage program (a) In general Nothing in title XVIII of the Social Security Act or any other provision of law shall be construed to prohibit a Medicare Advantage organization offering a Medicare Advantage plan under part C of such title from— (1) contracting with a qualified direct primary care medical home practice to offer primary care services under such plan; or (2) including in such contract provisions for shared savings agreed upon between the Medicare Advantage organization and the the qualified direct primary care medical home practice. (b) Qualified direct primary care medical home practice In this section, the term qualified direct primary care medical home practice

Summary: Primary Care Enhancement Act of 2015 This bill amends the Internal Revenue Code to: (1) permit an individual to pay primary care service arrangement costs from a health savings account; (2) allow an eligible taxpayer enrolled in a high-deductible health plan to take a tax deduction for cash paid into a health savings account, even if the taxpayer is simultaneously enrolled in a primary care service arrangement; and (3) for purposes of certain tax-deductible expenses for medical care, expand the definition of "medical care" to include periodic provider fees. A "primary care service arrangement" is an exchange of ongoing primary care services for a fixed periodic fee which is not billed to any third party on a fee-for-service basis. The bill also amends title XI of the Social Security Act to require the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMI) to test a primary care medical home model for payment and service delivery. Under this type of model, qualified direct primary care medical home practices are reimbursed a periodic fee for serving Medicare enrollees. In selecting qualified direct primary care medical home practices to participate, CMI shall give priority to practices seeking to enroll dual-eligible individuals. CMI must conduct the model for at least three years, but, if specified conditions are met, CMI shall expand the model on a nationwide basis and a participating practice may continue permanently.