Supreme Court Term Limits and Regular Appointments Act of 2020

To establish a process by which the appointment of Supreme Court Justices can occur at regular time intervals, and for other purposes. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Supreme Court Term Limits and Regular Appointments Act of 2020 2. Supreme Court term limits (a) In general Chapter 1 7. Term limits (a) Appointment The President shall, during the first and third years after a year in which there is a Presidential election, nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint one Justice of the Supreme Court. (b) Effective date A Justice appointed pursuant to subsection (a) shall be sworn into office on August 1 of the year on which the appointment is made. 8. Senior Justices (a) In general Except as provided in subsection (b), if there are more than nine Justices on the Supreme Court after an appointed Justice is sworn into office, the Justice who has served on the Supreme Court for the longest period of time shall be deemed a Justice retired from regular active service under section 371(b). (b) Exception No Justice appointed before the date of enactment of this Act shall be required to retire under subsection (a). 9. Waiver of advice and consent authority If the Senate does not exercise its advice and consent authority with respect to a President’s nominee to the Supreme Court within 120 days after the nomination, the Senate shall be deemed to have waived its advice and consent authority with respect to such nominee, and the nominee shall be seated as a Justice of the Supreme Court. . (b) Clerical amendment The table of sections for chapter 1 7. Term limits. 8. Senior Justices. 9. Waiver of advice and consent authority. . 3. Senior Justices Section 294 of title 28, United States Code, is amended— (1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows: (a) Any Chief Justice of the United States or Associate Justice of the Supreme Court who has retired from regular active service under section 371(b) of this title shall be known and designated as a Senior Justice and may continue to perform such judicial duties as such Justice is willing and able to undertake, when designated and assigned by the Chief Justice of the United States. ; (2) in subsection (d), by striking of such court Supreme Court. of such court, except that any designation or assignment made to the Supreme Court shall be in accordance with subsection (e). (3) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (g); and (4) by inserting after subsection (d) the following: (e) (1) When there is a vacancy on the Supreme Court due to the death, disability certification under section 372, or removal of a Justice, the retired Chief Justice of the United States or Associate Justice of the Supreme Court who has most recently become a Senior Justice shall be designated and assigned to serve as a Justice until an appointment is made under section 7 of this title. (2) If there is more than one vacancy on the Supreme Court, the Senior Justice who has served in such capacity for the least amount of time shall be designated and assigned to serve as a Justice by the Chief Justice until each vacancy on the Supreme Court is filled. (f) Any Chief Justice of the United States or Associate Justice of the Supreme Court who has retired from regular active service under section 372 may not be a Senior Justice. . 4. Exception to appointment of a successor (a) Retired justices Section 371 of title 28, United States Code, is amended— (1) in subsection (d)— (A) by striking justice or (B) by inserting before the period at the end the following: or designate a Senior Justice in accordance with section 294(e) to fill a vacancy resulting from the retirement of a justice under this section (2) by adding at the end the following: (f) Any justice of the United States who has served a total of 18 years as a justice shall be treated as a justice retired from regular active service under this section, unless the justice is otherwise eligible to retire as a result of a disability under section 372. . (b) Disabled justices Section 372(a) of title 28, United States Code, is amended in the first sentence, by inserting after a successor or, in the case of a justice of the United States, fill the vacancy in accordance with section 294(e)

Summary: Supreme Court Term Limits and Regular Appointments Act of 2020 This bill establishes staggered, 18-year terms for Supreme Court Justices and limits the Senate's advice and consent authority in relation to the appointment of Justices. Specifically, the bill requires the President to appoint a Supreme Court Justice every two years. If the appointment of a Justice would result in more than nine Justices on the Court, then the longest serving Justice, excluding Justices appointed before the enactment of the bill, is deemed retired from regular service and designated as a Senior Justice. Further, any Justice who has served a total of 18 years is deemed retired from regular service and may continue to serve as a Senior Justice. Senior Justices may continue to perform judicial duties assigned to them by the Chief Justice. However, a Justice who retires from regular service due to a disability may not serve as a Senior Justice. In the event of a vacancy on the Court, the Chief Justice must assign the Justice most recently designated as a Senior Justice to serve on the Court until the appointment of a new Justice. Additionally, the Senate's advice and consent authority is waived if the Senate does not act within 120 days of a Justice's nomination.