Funding Attorneys for Indigent Removal (FAIR) Proceedings Act

To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to provide access to counsel for children and other vulnerable populations, and for other purposes. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Funding Attorneys for Indigent Removal (FAIR) Proceedings Act 2. Improving immigration court efficiency and reducing costs by increasing access to legal information (a) Appointment of counsel in certain cases; right To review certain documents in removal proceedings Section 240(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1229a(b) (1) in paragraph (4)— (A) in subparagraph (A)— (i) by striking , at no expense to the Government, (ii) by striking the comma at the end and inserting a semicolon; (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (C) as subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively; (C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following: (B) the Attorney General may appoint or provide counsel, at Government expense, to aliens in immigration proceedings; (C) the alien shall, at the beginning of the proceedings or as expeditiously as possible, automatically receive a complete copy of all relevant documents in the possession of the Department of Homeland Security, including all documents (other than documents protected from disclosure by privilege, including national security information referred to in subparagraph (D), law enforcement sensitive information, and information prohibited from disclosure pursuant to any other provision of law) contained in the file maintained by the Government that includes information with respect to all transactions involving the alien during the immigration process (commonly referred to as an A-file ; and (D) in subparagraph (D), as redesignated, by striking , and ; and (2) by adding at the end the following: (8) Failure to provide alien required documents In the absence of a waiver under paragraph (4)(C), a removal proceeding may not proceed until the alien— (A) has received the documents as required under such paragraph; and (B) has been provided meaningful time to review and assess such documents. . (b) Clarification regarding the authority of the Attorney General To appoint counsel to aliens in immigration proceedings Section 292 of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1362 (1) by striking In any (a) In general In any proceeding conducted under section 235, 236, 238, 240, 241, or any other section of this Act, including ; (2) in subsection (a), as redesignated— (A) by striking (at no expense to the Government) (B) by striking he shall the person shall (3) by adding at the end the following: (b) Access to counsel The Attorney General may appoint or provide counsel to aliens in any proceeding conducted under section 235, 236, 238, 240, or 241 or any other section of this Act. The Secretary of Homeland Security shall ensure that aliens have access to counsel inside all immigration detention and border facilities. . (c) Appointment of counsel for children and vulnerable aliens (1) In general Section 292 of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1362 (c) Children and vulnerable aliens Notwithstanding subsection (b), the Attorney General shall appoint or provide counsel, at the expense of the Government if necessary, at the beginning of the proceedings or as expeditiously as possible, to represent in such proceedings any alien who has been determined by the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney General to be— (1) a child (as defined in section 101(b)(1) of this Act); (2) a particularly vulnerable individual, such as— (A) a person with a disability; or (B) a victim of abuse, torture, or violence; (3) an individual whose income is at or below 200 percent of the poverty line (as defined by the Office of Management and Budget and revised annually in accordance with section 673(2) of the Community Services Block Grant Act ( 42 U.S.C. 9902(2) (4) an individual whose circumstances are such that the appointment of counsel is necessary to help ensure fair resolution and efficient adjudication of the proceedings. (d) Extension to consolidated cases If the Attorney General has consolidated the case of any alien for whom counsel was appointed under subsection (c) with that of any other alien, and that other alien does not have counsel, then the counsel appointed under subsection (c) shall be appointed to represent such other alien. (e) Authorization of appropriations There is authorized to be appropriated to the Executive Office of Immigration Review of the Department of Justice, in addition to amounts available in the Immigration Counsel Account under section 295, such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section. . (2) Rulemaking The Attorney General shall promulgate regulations to implement section 292(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as added by paragraph (1), in accordance with the requirements set forth in section 3006A of title 18, United States Code. 3. Access by counsel and legal orientation at detention facilities (a) Access to counsel The Secretary of Homeland Security shall facilitate access to counsel for all aliens detained in facilities under the supervision of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement or of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, including providing information to aliens in detention about legal services programs at detention facilities. (b) Access to legal orientation programs The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Attorney General, shall establish procedures to ensure that legal orientation programs are available for all detained aliens, including aliens held in U.S. Customs and Border Protection facilities, to inform such aliens of the basic procedures of immigration hearings, their rights relating to those hearings under Federal immigration laws, information that may deter such aliens from filing frivolous legal claims, and any other information that the Attorney General considers appropriate, such as a contact list of potential legal resources and providers. Access to legal orientation programs shall not be limited by the alien’s current immigration status, prior immigration history, or potential for immigration relief. 4. Report on access to counsel (a) Report Not later than December 31 of each year, the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Attorney General, shall prepare and submit a report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives (b) Contents Each report submitted under paragraph (a) shall include, for the immediately preceding 1-year period— (1) the number and percentage of aliens described in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4), respectively, of section 292(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as added by section 2(c)(1), who were represented by counsel, including information specifying— (A) the stage of the legal process at which the alien was represented; and (B) whether the alien was in government custody; and (2) the number and percentage of aliens who received legal orientation presentations. 5. Motions to reopen Section 240(c)(7)(C) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1229a(c)(7)(C) (v) Special rule for aliens entitled to appointment of counsel If the Attorney General fails to appoint counsel for an alien in violation of section 292(c)— (I) no limitation under this paragraph pertaining to the filing of any motion under this paragraph by such alien shall apply; and (II) the filing of such a motion shall stay the removal of the alien. . 6. Immigration Counsel Account (a) In general Chapter 9 of the Immigration and Nationality Act is amended by adding at the end the following: 295. Immigration Counsel Account (a) In general There is established in the general fund of the Treasury a separate account, which shall be known as the Immigration Counsel Account (b) Report At the end of each 2-year period, beginning with the creation of Immigration Counsel Account, the Secretary of Homeland Security, following a public rulemaking with opportunity for notice and comment, shall submit a report to the Congress concerning the status of the account, including any balances therein, and recommend any adjustment in the amount of the funds required to be reserved under section 286(m) for deposit into the account that may be required to ensure that the amounts so reserved for the succeeding two years equal, as closely as possible, the cost of providing access to counsel when required or authorized under this Act and facilitating access counsel under the Funding Attorneys for Indigent Removal (FAIR) Proceedings Act. . (b) Deposits Section 286(m) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1356(m) Notwithstanding the first sentence of this subsection, beginning on the date of the enactment of the Funding Attorneys for Indigent Removal (FAIR) Proceedings Act, $10 from each fee for providing adjudication or naturalization services as may be charged and collected in accordance with this subsection shall be reserved and deposited as offsetting receipts into the Immigration Counsel Account established under section 295. . (c) Table of contents The table of contents for such Act is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 294 the following: Sec. 295. Immigration Counsel Account. .

Summary: Funding Attorneys for Indigent Removal (FAIR) Proceedings Act This bill expands access to counsel for non-U.S. nationals (aliens under federal law) in immigration proceedings and provides protections related to such proceedings. Such an individual shall have the privilege of being represented by counsel in any immigration proceeding, whereas currently this privilege is statutorily provided for only in removal proceedings. Similarly, the Department of Justice (DOJ) may provide counsel at government expense to individuals in any immigration proceeding, whereas currently DOJ is statutorily authorized to provide counsel only for removal proceedings and at no expense to the government. Under this bill, DOJ shall provide counsel to children and vulnerable individuals in such proceedings, at government expense if necessary. If DOJ fails to do so, certain limits on filing a motion to reopen removal proceedings (such as the time limit for filing) shall not apply, and the individual's removal shall be stayed upon the motion's filing. The bill establishes the Immigration Counsel Account to be used to provide counsel under this bill. A portion of certain immigration fees shall be deposited into the account. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) shall provide each individual, generally at the beginning of proceedings, a complete copy of the individual's case file in DHS possession, unless the individual waives this right in writing. Failure to provide such documents shall delay the individual's removal proceeding. DHS shall facilitate for all detained individuals access to counsel and programs that inform such individuals of their immigration-related rights and obligations.