Newborn Screening Saves Lives Reauthorization Act of 2021

To amend the Public Health Service Act to reauthorize certain programs under part A of title XI of such Act relating to genetic diseases, and for other purposes. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Newborn Screening Saves Lives Reauthorization Act of 2021 2. Improved newborn and child screening and follow-up for heritable disorders (a) Purposes Section 1109(a) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 300b–8(a) (1) in paragraph (1), by striking enhance, improve or facilitate, enhance, improve, or (2) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows: (3) to develop, and deliver to parents, families, and patient advocacy and support groups, educational programs that— (A) address newborn screening counseling, testing (including newborn screening pilot studies), follow-up, treatment, specialty services, and long-term care; (B) assess the target audience’s current knowledge, incorporate health communications strategies, and measure impact; and (C) are at appropriate literacy levels; ; and (3) in paragraph (4)— (A) by striking followup follow-up (B) by inserting before the semicolon at the end the following: , including re-engaging patients who have not received recommended follow-up services and supports (b) Approval factors Section 1109(c) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 300b–8(c) (1) by striking or will use will use (2) by inserting , or will use amounts received under such grant to enhance capacity and infrastructure to facilitate the adoption of, the guidelines and recommendations 3. Advisory committee on heritable disorders in newborns and children Section 1111 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 300b–10 (1) in subsection (b)— (A) in paragraph (5), by inserting and adopt process improvements take appropriate steps (B) in paragraph (7) by striking and (C) by redesignating paragraph (8) as paragraph (9); (D) by inserting after paragraph (7) the following: (8) develop, maintain, and publish on a publicly accessible website consumer-friendly materials detailing— (A) the uniform screening panel nomination process, including data requirements, standards, and the use of international data in nomination submissions; and (B) the process for obtaining technical assistance for submitting nominations to the uniform screening panel and detailing the instances in which the provision of technical assistance would introduce a conflict of interest for members of the Advisory Committee; and ; and (E) in paragraph (9), as redesignated— (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (K) and (L) as subparagraphs (L) and (M), respectively; and (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (J) the following: (K) the appropriate and recommended use of safe and effective genetic testing by health care professionals in newborns and children with an initial diagnosis of a disease or condition characterized by a variety of genetic causes and manifestations; ; and (2) in subsection (g)— (A) in paragraph (1) by striking 2019 2026 (B) in paragraph (2) by striking 2019 2026 4. Clearinghouse of newborn screening information Section 1112(c) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 300b–11(c) and supplement, not supplant, existing information sharing efforts and complement other Federal newborn screening information sharing activities 5. Laboratory quality and surveillance Section 1113 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 300b–12 (1) in subsection (a)— (A) in paragraph (1)— (i) by striking performance evaluation services, development of new screening tests, (ii) by striking and (B) in paragraph (2)— (i) by striking performance test materials test performance materials (ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and (C) by adding at the end the following: (3) performance evaluation services to enhance disease detection, including the development of tools, resources, and infrastructure to improve data analysis, test result interpretation, data harmonization, and dissemination of laboratory best practices. ; and (2) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows: (b) Surveillance activities The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and taking into consideration the expertise of the Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children established under section 1111, shall provide for the coordination of national surveillance activities, including— (1) standardizing data collection and reporting through the use of electronic and other forms of health records to achieve real-time data for tracking and monitoring the newborn screening system, from the initial positive screen through diagnosis and long-term care management; and (2) by promoting data sharing linkages between State newborn screening programs and State-based birth defects and developmental disabilities surveillance programs to help families connect with services to assist in evaluating long-term outcomes. . 6. Hunter Kelly research program Section 1116 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 300b–15 (1) in subsection (a)(1)— (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking may shall (B) in subparagraph (D)— (i) by inserting , or with a high probability of being recommended by, recommended by (ii) by striking that screenings are ready for nationwide implementation that reliable newborn screening technologies are piloted and ready for use (2) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows: (b) Funding In carrying out the research program under this section, the Secretary and the Director shall ensure that entities receiving funding through the program will provide assurances, as practicable, that such entities will work in consultation with State departments of health, as appropriate. . 7. Authorization of appropriations for newborn screening programs and activities Section 1117 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 300b–16 (1) in paragraph (1)— (A) by striking $11,900,000 $31,000,000 (B) by striking 2015 2022 (C) by striking 2019 2026 (2) in paragraph (2)— (A) by striking $8,000,000 $29,650,000 (B) by striking 2015 2022 (C) by striking 2019 2026 8. Institutional review boards; ethics guidance program Section 12 of the Newborn Screening Saves Lives Reauthorization Act of 2014 ( 42 U.S.C. 289 12. Institutional review boards; ethics guidance program Research on nonidentified newborn dried blood spots shall be considered secondary research (within the meaning of section 46.104(d)(4) of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations)) with nonidentified biospecimens for purposes of federally funded research conducted pursuant to the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 201 . 9. NAM report on the modernization of newborn screening (a) Study Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall seek to enter into an agreement with the National Academy of Medicine (in this section referred to as NAM (1) The uniform screening panel review and recommendation processes to identify factors that impact decisions to add new conditions to the uniform screening panel, to describe challenges posed by newly nominated conditions, including low-incidence diseases, late onset variants, and new treatments without long-term efficacy data. (2) The barriers that preclude States from adding new uniform screening panel conditions to their State screening panels with recommendations on resources needed to help States implement uniform screening panel recommendations. (3) The current state of federally and privately funded newborn screening research with recommendations for optimizing the capacity of this research, including piloting multiple prospective conditions at once and addressing rare disease questions. (4) New and emerging technologies that would permit screening for new categories of disorders, or would make current screening more effective, more efficient, or less expensive. (5) Technological and other infrastructure needs to improve timeliness of diagnosis and short- and long-term follow-up for infants identified through newborn screening and improve public health surveillance. (6) Current and future communication and educational needs for priority stakeholders and the public to promote understanding and knowledge of a modernized newborn screening system with an emphasis on evolving communication channels and messaging. (7) The extent to which newborn screening yields better data on the disease prevalence for screened conditions and improves long-term outcomes for those identified through newborn screening, including existing systems supporting such data collection and recommendations for systems that would allow for improved data collection. (8) The impact on newborn morbidity and mortality in States that adopt newborn screening tests included on the uniform panel. (b) Public stakeholder meeting In the course of completing the study described in subsection (a), NAM or such other appropriate entity shall hold not less than one public meeting to obtain stakeholder input on the topics of such study. (c) Report The agreement under subsection (a) shall require NAM, or such other appropriate entity, not later than 18 months after the effective date of such agreement, to submit to the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the appropriate committees of jurisdiction of Congress a report containing— (1) the results of the study conducted under subsection (a); (2) recommendations to modernize the processes described in subsection (a)(1); and (3) recommendations for such legislative and administrative action as NAM, or such other appropriate entity, determines appropriate. (d) Authorization of appropriations There is authorized to be appropriated $2,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2022 and 2023 to carry out this section.

Summary: Newborn Screening Saves Lives Reauthorization Act of 2021 This bill reauthorizes through FY2026 and revises several programs and activities relating to newborn screening for certain conditions and genetic, endocrine, and metabolic diseases. Among its changes, the bill reauthorizes and makes mandatory the Hunter Kelly Research Program at the National Institutes of Health, and national surveillance activities conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The bill also aligns statutory requirements for research on non-identified newborn blood spots with federal regulations governing research on human subjects. These blood spots are collected as part of newborn screening programs, and some states make them available for biomedical and public health research. Under current regulations, research on non-identified bio-specimens such as blood spots is not considered to be research on human subjects, to which additional protections apply.