Head Start Improvement Act of 2019

To amend the Head Start Act to authorize block grants to States for prekindergarten education, and for other purposes. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Head Start Improvement Act of 2019 2. Improvements The Head Start Act ( 42 U.S.C. 9831 635. Short title This subchapter may be cited as the Head Start Act 636. Statement of purpose It is the purpose of this subchapter to promote the school readiness of low-income children by enhancing their cognitive, social, and emotional development in a learning environment that supports children's growth in language, literacy, mathematics, science, social and emotional functioning, creative arts, physical skills, and approaches to learning. 637. Definitions For purposes of this subchapter: (1) Delegate agency The term delegate agency 20 U.S.C. 7801 (2) Education savings account The term education savings account (3) Eligible entity The term eligible entity (4) Financial assistance The term financial assistance (5) Grant recipient The term grant recipient (6) Indian tribe The term Indian tribe 43 U.S.C. 1602(c) 43 U.S.C. 1601 (7) Local educational agency The term local educational agency 20 U.S.C. 7801 (8) Low-income child The term low-income child (9) Poverty line The term poverty line (A) adjusted to reflect the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index For All Urban Consumers, issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, occurring in the 1-year period or other interval immediately preceding the date such adjustment is made; and (B) adjusted for family size. (10) Secretary The term Secretary (11) State The term State 638. Authorization of appropriations There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter $10,063,095,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2029. 639. Block grants to eligible States and Indian tribes (a) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, beginning on October 1 of the first fiscal year following the date of enactment of the Head Start Improvement Act of 2019, from the amounts appropriated to carry out this subchapter under section 638 for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall award grants to eligible States and Indian tribes from allotments made under subsection (b) in accordance with this section. (b) Allotments (1) Formula The Secretary shall allot the amount appropriated under section 638 for a fiscal year among the eligible States and Indian tribes in proportion to the number of children, who are 3, 4, or 5 years of age, who are from families with incomes below 100 percent of the poverty line for the most recent fiscal year for which satisfactory data are available and who are in an eligible State or Indian tribe, compared to the number of such children for that fiscal year who are in all eligible States or Indian tribes. (2) Calculation For purposes of counting the number of children who are in an eligible State under paragraph (1), the children who are counted in an eligible Indian tribe in that State shall be excluded. (c) Application To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, a State or Indian tribe shall submit an application to the Secretary that includes the number of low-income children in the State or Indian tribe. (d) Use of funds (1) In general A grant recipient under this section shall use 100 percent of the grant funds— (A) for prekindergarten education programs in the State or Indian tribe involved; (B) for the administration of the programs described in subparagraph (A); and (C) to provide direct technical assistance, oversight, monitoring, research, and training with respect to the programs described in subparagraph (A). (2) Certification The Governor, or other chief executive, of each grant recipient shall certify that all grant funds received under this section will be used to directly or indirectly provide comprehensive education to low-income children. (3) Grant recipient responsibilities A grant recipient shall— (A) award subgrants to eligible entities (as defined by the grant recipient) to enable such entities to provide, directly or through a delegate agency, prekindergarten education programs in the State or Indian tribe involved; (B) establish rules and standards for the entities awarded subgrants under subparagraph (A); and (C) monitor compliance by entities awarded subgrants under subparagraph (A). (4) Flexibility Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal law (other than this section)— (A) to the extent permitted under State law, a grant recipient may use the grant funds to establish a portable voucher system that allows a parent of a low-income child to use a portion of the grant funds, other available public funds, or private funds to pay some or all of the costs of attendance at a private prekindergarten education program; and (B) to the extent permitted under State law, a grant recipient may use the grant funds to establish an education savings account that allows a parent of a low-income child to use a portion of the grant funds, or other available public or private funds added to the account, for expenses related to prekindergarten education. (5) Members of Indian tribes A member of an Indian tribe who is eligible to receive services pursuant to a program funded under this section may elect to receive such services from any eligible entity for the State or Indian tribe in which the member resides. (e) Matching funds A grant recipient shall provide matching funds from non-Federal sources equal to 20 percent of the amount of the grant to carry out the activities described in this section. (f) Administrative costs No eligible entity that receives a subgrant to provide a program under this subchapter shall use more than 15 percent of the subgrant funds for the administrative costs of the program. 640. Limitations on assistance Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to require a grant recipient to establish a publicly funded program of early childhood education and development, or to require any child to participate in such a publicly funded program, including a preschool program funded by a grant recipient, or to participate in any initial screening (other than a health screening) before participating in a publicly funded program of early childhood education and development, except as provided under sections 612(a)(3) and 635(a)(5) of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ( 20 U.S.C. 1412(a)(3) 641. Goals; monitoring (a) Self-Assessments Not less frequently than once each program year, each grant recipient shall conduct a comprehensive self-assessment of the effectiveness and progress of the grant recipient's program under this subchapter in meeting program goals established by the grant recipient. The self-assessment shall include a determination of the number of low-income children served by the program carried out by the grant recipient under this subchapter. (b) Reports The grant recipient shall develop, and make available to the public, an online and searchable report containing the self-assessment, and an improvement plan to strengthen any areas identified in the self-assessment as weaknesses or in need of improvement. The report shall include the number of low-income children served by the program carried out by the grant recipient under this subchapter. (c) Ongoing monitoring Each grant recipient shall establish and implement procedures for the ongoing monitoring of the respective programs of each recipient, to ensure that the operations of the programs work toward meeting the program goals. 642. Administrative requirements (a) In general Each grant recipient shall make available to the public a report published online at least once in each fiscal year that discloses the following information, from the most recently concluded fiscal year, except that reporting such information shall not reveal personally identifiable information about an individual child or parent: (1) The total amount of Federal, State, local, and private funds received and the amount from each source. (2) An explanation of budgetary expenditures and proposed budget for the fiscal year. (3) The total number of children served, the average monthly enrollment (as a percentage of funded enrollment), and the percentage of eligible children served. (4) The results of the most recent self-assessment under section 641. (5) Information about the grant recipient's efforts to prepare children for kindergarten. (b) Annual reports Not later than October 1 following the first full fiscal year after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall compile the information described in subsection(a), from the most recently concluded fiscal year, into a report and submit the report to Congress. 643. Records Each recipient of financial assistance under this subchapter shall keep records, including records which fully disclose the amount and disposition by such recipient of the proceeds of such financial assistance, the total cost of the program or activity in connection with which such financial assistance is given or used, and the amount of that portion of the cost of the program or activity supplied by other sources. 644. Research (a) Study The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study— (1) of the different approaches and best practices used by States and Indian tribes in carrying out the program under this subchapter; and (2) that is limited to the information provided in the online reports made available by grant recipients under sections 641 and 642. (b) Report Not later than October 1 of the fourth fiscal year after the date of enactment referred to in section 639(a), the Comptroller General shall submit a report containing the results of the study to the appropriate committees of Congress. 645. Nondiscrimination provisions No grant recipient shall provide financial assistance for any program or activity under this subchapter unless the grant or contract relating to the financial assistance specifically provides that no person with responsibilities in the operation of the program or activity will discriminate with respect to any such program or activity because of race, creed, color, national origin, biological sex, political affiliation, or religion, or because of a disability in violation of section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 ( 29 U.S.C. 794 646. Political activities (a) Restrictions A program assisted under this subchapter, and any individual employed by, or assigned to or in, a program assisted under this subchapter (during the hours in which such individual is working on behalf of such program), shall not engage in— (1) any partisan or nonpartisan political activity or any other political activity associated with a candidate, or contending faction or group, in an election for public or party office; (2) any activity to provide voters or prospective voters with transportation to the polls or similar assistance in connection with any such election; or (3) assisting, promoting, or deterring union organization. (b) Registration No funds appropriated under this subchapter may be used to conduct voter registration activities. Nothing in this subchapter prohibits the availability of Head Start facilities during hours of operation for the use of any nonpartisan organization to increase the number of eligible citizens who register to vote in elections for Federal office. 647. Advance funding For the purpose of affording adequate notice of funding available under this subchapter, appropriations for carrying out this subchapter are authorized to be included in an appropriation Act for the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which they are available for obligation. 648. General provisions Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to authorize or permit the Secretary or any employee or contractor of the Department of Health and Human Services to mandate, direct, or control, the selection of a curriculum, a program of instruction, or instructional materials, for a prekindergarten education program carried out by an eligible entity. . 3. Effective date The amendment made by this Act shall apply beginning on October 1 of the first fiscal year following the date of enactment of the Head Start Improvement Act of 2019.

Summary: Head Start Improvement Act of 2019 This bill replaces the existing Head Start program with block grants to states and Indian tribes for prekindergarten (pre-K) education. Instead of providing direct financial assistance to Head Start agencies, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) shall allot block grant funds for pre-K education among eligible states and tribes in accordance with their relative proportions of children, age three, four, or five, from low-income households. Grant recipients shall use the grant funds to (1) award subgrants to eligible entities that provide pre-K education programs; (2) administer such programs; and (3) provide technical assistance, oversight, monitoring, research, and training. Under current law, HHS is authorized to designate, monitor, and establish standards for Head Start agencies. The bill instead shifts pre-K program oversight and control to states and tribes, which shall have full flexibility to use grant funds to finance the pre-K programs of their choice. In addition, to the extent permitted under state law, grant recipients may use grant funds to establish (1) portable voucher systems that allow costs to be paid for attendance at private pre-K education programs; and (2) an education savings account that allows a parent of a low-income child to use a portion of the grant funds, or other available public or private funds added to the account, for expenses related to prekindergarten education. Under current law, federal financial assistance for a Head Start program is generally limited to 80% of total program costs. The bill maintains this limitation by requiring grant recipients to provide matching funds equal to 20% of the grant amount.