Preventing the Spread of Nuclear Weapons Act of 2019

To require congressional approval for civilian nuclear cooperation under certain circumstances, and for other purposes. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Preventing the Spread of Nuclear Weapons Act of 2019 2. Findings Congress makes the following findings: (1) The statement by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of Turkey on September 4, 2019, that he cannot accept (2) A United States civilian nuclear cooperation agreement with Turkey, signed in 2008 and up for automatic renewal in 2023, does not currently have to be submitted for congressional review, denying Congress the opportunity to insist upon a renewed agreement—a prohibition on Turkey’s enrichment of uranium or reprocessing of plutonium on its own territory in keeping with the strongest possible nonproliferation gold standard 3. Congressional approval required for civilian nuclear cooperation agreements under certain circumstances (a) In general Notwithstanding any other requirements under section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 ( 42 U.S.C. 2153 (1) declaring any credible evidence that the foreign country intends, conditionally or unconditionally, to pursue a nuclear program that is not inherently peaceful, including public statements to that effect by a senior leader of that foreign country; (2) citing any instance in which the foreign government has violated the Chemical Weapons Convention, the Biological Weapons Convention, or the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, or otherwise violated international standards with respect to the development, storage, deployment, or use of weapons of mass destruction; (3) stating whether or not the foreign government has committed to not enrich uranium or reprocess plutonium on its own territory concurrent to a submitted proposed civilian nuclear cooperation agreement or a renewal of any pre-existing civilian nuclear cooperation agreement; and (4) stating whether or not the foreign government has committed to sign and ratify the Additional Protocol to its International Atomic Energy Agency Safeguards Agreement. (b) Required actions If a report submitted under subsection (a) describes any known instance set forth under paragraphs (1) and (2) of such subsection, then, notwithstanding any other requirements under section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 ( 42 U.S.C. 2153 (1) The President has submitted a proposed agreement with the foreign country in accordance with the requirements of such section 123. (2) On or after the date of the submission of the proposed agreement under paragraph (1), a joint resolution stating that Congress approves such agreement has been enacted. (c) Exemptions The requirements under subsection (b) do not apply to any country that— (1) is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; and (2) is a Nuclear Weapon State as defined by the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. (d) Definitions In this section: (1) Biological Weapons Convention The term Biological Weapons Convention (2) Chemical Weapons Convention The term Chemical Weapons Convention (3) Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty The term Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

Summary: Preventing the Spread of Nuclear Weapons Act of 2019 This bill requires the President to obtain congressional approval before entering into or renewing a nuclear cooperation agreement with a foreign country in certain cases. Before entering into or renewing such an agreement, the President shall report to Congress on (1) any credible evidence that the foreign country intends to pursue a nuclear program that is not inherently peaceful; and (2) any instance where the country has violated international standards related to weapons of mass destruction, including certain treaties relating to nuclear and chemical weapons. If the report contains any such credible evidence or instances, the President may not enter into or renew the treaty unless (1) the President submits a proposed agreement with the foreign country that meets specified statutory requirements related to nuclear cooperation agreements, and (2) Congress passes a joint resolution approving the agreement. These provisions requiring a proposed agreement and congressional approval do not apply if the foreign country is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and a nuclear weapon state.