OIRA Insight, Reform, and Accountability Act

To amend title 44, United States Code, to require the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs to review regulations, and for other purposes. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the OIRA Insight, Reform, and Accountability Act 2. Office of information and regulatory affairs (a) Amendment Subchapter I of chapter 35 3522. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs Regulatory Working Group; regulatory plan; Unified Agenda (a) Regulatory working group (1) Establishment; members The Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs shall convene a working group to be known as the Regulatory Working Group, whose members shall consist of the following: (A) The Administrator. (B) Representatives selected by the head of each agency that the Administrator determines to have significant domestic regulatory responsibility. (C) Other executive branch officials as designated by the Administrator. (2) Chair The Chair of the Regulatory Working Group shall be the Administrator, who shall periodically advise Congress on the activities of the Regulatory Working Group. (3) Purpose The Regulatory Working Group shall serve as a forum to assist agencies in identifying and analyzing important regulatory issues, including, at a minimum— (A) the development of innovative regulatory techniques; (B) the methods, efficacy, and utility of comparative risk assessment in regulatory decisionmaking; and (C) the development of streamlined regulatory approaches for small businesses and other entities. (4) Meetings The Regulatory Working Group shall meet not less than quarterly and may meet as a whole or in subgroups of members with an interest in particular issues or subject areas. (5) Analytical studies To inform the discussion of the Regulatory Working Group, the Regulatory Working Group may request analytical studies and reports by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the Administrative Conference of the United States, or any other agency. (b) Regulatory plan (1) In general (A) Deadline for and description of regulatory plan Not later than June 1 of each year, the head of each agency shall approve and submit to the Administrator a regulatory plan that includes each significant regulatory action that the agency reasonably expects to issue in proposed or final form in the following fiscal year or thereafter and the retrospective review described in paragraph (2). The regulatory plan shall also contain, at a minimum, the following: (i) A statement of the regulatory objectives and priorities of the agency. (ii) A summary of each planned significant regulatory action including, to the extent possible, alternatives to be considered and preliminary estimates of the anticipated costs and benefits of such action. (iii) A summary of the legal basis for each such action, including whether any aspect of the action is required by statute or court order. (iv) A statement of the need for each such action and, if applicable, how the action will reduce risk to public health, safety, or the environment, as well as how the magnitude of the risk addressed by the action relates to any other risk within the jurisdiction of the agency. (v) The schedule for each such action, including a statement of any applicable statutory or judicial deadline. (vi) The name, email address, and telephone number of a knowledgeable agency employee the public may contact for additional information about each such action. (B) Circulation of regulatory plan Not later than 10 days after receiving the regulatory plan under subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall circulate the regulatory plan to any other agency the Administrator determines may be affected by the plan. (C) Agency notification to OIRA of conflicting significant regulatory actions The head of an agency shall promptly notify the Administrator in writing if any planned significant regulatory action in the regulatory plan of another agency may conflict with the policy or action taken or planned by that agency. The Administrator shall forward any notification received under this subparagraph to the other agency involved. (D) Notification of conflicting significant regulatory actions The Administrator shall notify the head of an agency in writing if any planned significant regulatory action conflicts with any policy or action taken or planned by another agency. (E) Requirement to publish in Unified Agenda Each regulatory plan submitted by the head of an agency under subparagraph (A) shall be included in the October publication of the Unified Agenda described under subsection (c). (2) Retrospective review (A) List of Outdated Regulations The head of each agency shall include in the regulatory plan submitted under paragraph (1)(A) a list of regulations that have been identified by the agency (including any comments submitted to the agency) as unjustified, unnecessary, duplicative of other regulations or laws, inappropriately burdensome, or otherwise recommended for removal. (B) Description of Retrospective Review The head of each agency shall include in the regulatory plan submitted under paragraph (1)(A) a description of any program or other effort to review existing regulations to determine whether any such regulations should be modified or eliminated in order to increase the effectiveness in achieving the regulatory objectives of the agency or to reduce the burden of regulations. The agency shall include any statutory requirements that require the agency to promulgate or continue to impose regulations that the agency believes are unnecessary or outdated by reason of changed circumstances. (C) OIRA Coordinated Review The Administrator shall work with interested entities and agencies, including through the processes established under subsection (d), to review the list of regulations identified under subparagraph (A) and such entities may assist OIRA and the agencies with identifying regulations or groups of regulations that— (i) impose significant or unique burdens on governmental entities and that are no longer justified; or (ii) affect a particular group, industry, or sector of the economy. (c) Unified Agenda (1) Submission of regulations under development or review Not later than April 1 and October 1 of each year, the head of each agency shall submit to the Administrator an agenda of each regulation under development or review in accordance with any guidance issued under this section. Each agenda shall include, to the extent practicable, the following: (A) For each regulation— (i) a regulation identifier number; (ii) a brief summary of the regulation; (iii) a citation to the legal authority to issue the regulation; (iv) any legal deadline for the issuance of the regulation; (v) the name and phone number for a knowledgeable agency employee; and (vi) the stage of review for issuing the regulation. (B) For each regulation expected to be promulgated within the following 18 months— (i) a determination of whether the regulation is expected to be a significant regulatory action or an economically significant regulatory action; and (ii) any available analysis or quantification of the expected costs or benefits. (C) For any regulation included in the immediately previous agenda, an explanation of why the regulation is no longer included. (2) Publication of Unified Agenda required Not later than April 15 and October 15 of each year, the Administrator shall compile and publish online each agenda received under paragraph (1) (to be known as the Unified Agenda). (3) Guidance (A) In general The Administrator shall issue guidance for agencies on the manner of submission under this subsection and on meeting the requirements of this subsection, including a standard definition for each stage of review and any other definition that would assist the public in understanding the different terms used by agencies to submit the agenda required under paragraph (1). (B) Updates The Administrator shall periodically review compliance with this section and issue guidance or recommendations to assist agencies in complying with this section. (d) Coordination with State, local, and tribal governments and the public (1) State, local, and tribal governments The Administrator shall meet not less than quarterly with representatives of State, local, and tribal governments to identify both existing and proposed regulations that may uniquely or significantly affect those government entities. (2) Public The Administrator shall periodically convene conferences with representatives of businesses, nongovernmental organizations, and the public to discuss regulatory issues of common concern. (e) Best practices The Administrator shall, in consultation with the Regulatory Working Group and the entities described in subsection (d), periodically develop advice and guidance for agencies on best practices of the development of regulations. 3523. OIRA coordinated review of significant regulatory actions (a) OIRA review (1) In general The Administrator shall conduct a Governmentwide coordinated review of significant regulatory actions to ensure that such regulations are consistent with applicable law and that a regulatory action by one agency does not conflict with a policy or action taken or planned by another agency. (2) Periodic agency submission of planned regulatory actions The head of each agency shall provide to the Administrator, at such time and in such a manner as determined by the Administrator, a list of each planned regulatory action with an identification of whether each such regulatory action is a significant regulatory action. (3) Review of significant regulatory action required (A) In general The Administrator shall make a determination of whether any planned regulatory action submitted under this section is a significant regulatory action and shall review each such significant regulatory action in accordance with this section. (B) Not subject to review Any planned regulatory action determined by the Administrator not to be a significant regulatory action is not subject to review under this section. (C) Notification required Not later than 10 days after a planned regulatory action has been determined to be a significant regulatory action, the Administrator shall notify the head of the relevant agency of such determination. (4) Waiver of review for significant regulatory action The Administrator— (A) may waive review of any planned regulatory action designated as a significant regulatory action; and (B) shall publish online a detailed written explanation of any such waiver. (b) Agency consultation with OIRA (1) In general An agency may consult with OIRA at any time on any regulatory action. (2) Regulation identifier number The head of an agency shall make every effort to obtain a regulation identifier number for the regulatory action that is the subject of the consultation before consulting with OIRA. (3) Consultation information required If the head of an agency is unable to obtain the regulation identifier number as described in paragraph (2), the head of the agency shall provide the regulation identifier number to OIRA as soon as the number is obtained with a list of any previous interactions with OIRA relating to the regulatory action that is the subject of the consultation. (c) Agency submission of significant regulatory action for review Before issuing a significant regulatory action, the head of an agency shall submit the significant regulatory action to the Administrator for review and shall include the following: (1) The text of the significant regulatory action. (2) A detailed description of the need for the significant regulatory action. (3) An explanation of how the significant regulatory action will meet the identified need. (4) An assessment of potential costs and benefits of the significant regulatory action. (5) An explanation of the manner in which the significant regulatory action is consistent with a statutory mandate and avoids undue interference with State, local, and tribal government functions. (6) For an economically significant regulatory action, if any of the following was developed during the decisionmaking process of the agency: (A) An assessment of and quantification of costs and benefits of the significant regulatory action. (B) An assessment of and quantification of costs and benefits of potentially effective and feasible alternatives, including any underlying analysis. (C) An explanation of why the planned significant regulatory action is preferable to any identified potential alternatives. (d) Deadlines for review (1) Review coordination To the extent practicable, the head of each agency shall work with the Administrator to establish a mutually agreeable date on which to submit a significant regulatory action for review. (2) Expedited review When an agency is obligated by law to issue a significant regulatory action before complying with the provisions of this section, the head of the agency shall notify the Administrator as soon as possible. To the extent practicable, OIRA and the agency shall comply with the provisions of this section. (3) 10 In the case of a significant regulatory action that is a notice of inquiry, advance notice of proposed rulemaking, or other preliminary regulatory action prior to a notice of proposed rulemaking, within 10 business days after the date of submission of the such action to the Administrator, OIRA shall complete the review. (4) 90 (A) In general Except as provided in subparagraph (B), for any other significant regulatory action not described in paragraph (3), within 90 days after the date of submission of the action, OIRA shall complete the review. (B) Exception 45-day review If OIRA has previously reviewed the significant regulatory action described in subparagraph (A) and, since that review, there has been no material change in the facts and circumstances upon which the significant regulatory action is based, OIRA shall complete the review within 45 days after submission of the action. (5) Extension Any review described under this subsection may be extended for any number of additional 30-day periods upon written request by the Administrator or the head of the agency. Such request shall be granted unless the nonrequesting party denies the request in writing within 5 days after receipt of the request for extension. (6) Return If the Administrator determines OIRA is unable to complete a review within the time period described under this subsection, the Administrator may return the draft of the significant regulatory action to the agency with a written explanation of why OIRA was unable to complete the review and what additional information, resources, or time OIRA would need to complete the review. (7) Withdrawal An agency may withdraw the regulatory action from OIRA review at any time prior to the completion of the review. (e) Compliance review The Administrator shall review any significant regulatory action submitted under subsection (c) to determine the extent to which the agency— (1) identified the problem that the significant regulatory action is designed to address (including, where applicable, the failures of private markets or public institutions that warrant new agency action); (2) assessed the significance of the problem the regulatory action is designed to address; (3) examined whether existing regulations or laws have created or contributed to the problem that the regulatory action is designed to correct and whether those regulations or laws should be modified to achieve the intended goal more effectively; (4) identified and assessed available alternatives to direct regulation, including providing economic incentives to encourage desired behaviors, such as user fees or marketable permits, or providing information upon which choices can be made by the public; (5) considered, to the extent reasonable, the degree and nature of the risks posed by various substances or activities within the jurisdiction of the agency; (6) designed the regulatory action to be the most cost-effective manner to achieve the regulatory objective; (7) considered incentives for innovation, consistency, predictability, flexibility, distributive impacts, equity, and the costs of enforcement and compliance by the Government, regulated entities, and the public; (8) assessed costs and benefits of the regulatory action and made a reasoned determination that the benefits justify the costs; (9) used the best reasonably obtainable scientific, technical, economic, and other information concerning the need for and consequences of the regulatory action; (10) identified and assessed alternative forms of regulation and, to the extent feasible, specified performance objectives rather than behavior or manner of compliance; (11) sought comments and suggestions from appropriate State, local, and tribal officials on any aspect of the regulatory action that might significantly or uniquely affect those governmental entities; (12) assessed the effects of the regulatory action on State, local, and tribal governments, including specifically the availability of resources to carry out the regulatory action, and minimized the burdens that uniquely or significantly affect such governmental entities, consistent with achieving regulatory objectives; (13) harmonized the regulatory action with the regulatory and other functions of State, local, and tribal governments; (14) avoided conflicts with or duplication of other existing regulations; (15) tailored the regulatory action to impose the least burden on society, including individuals, businesses of differing sizes, and other entities (including small communities and governmental entities), consistent with obtaining the regulatory objectives, and taking into account, among other things and to the extent practicable, the costs of cumulative regulations; (16) drafted the regulatory action to be simple and easy to understand, and minimized the potential for uncertainty and litigation arising from such uncertainty; (17) met all applicable Executive order requirements; (18) met all applicable statutory requirements; and (19) complied with all applicable guidance. (f) Quality review For any significant regulatory action submitted under subsection (c), OIRA shall assess the extent to which the agency conducted a meaningful and complete analysis of each of the factors described in subsection (e), considering best practices, methods observed through reviewing other agencies, comments from stakeholders, and other resources that may improve the quality of the process. (g) Interagency consultation The Administrator shall identify each agency potentially affected, interested, or otherwise likely to provide valuable feedback on a significant regulatory action submitted under subsection (c) and facilitate a meaningful interagency consultation process. The Administrator shall— (1) provide each identified agency with a copy of the draft regulatory action; (2) allow each identified agency to review the draft regulatory action for a sufficient period of time, not less than 10 business days; (3) solicit written comments from such agency and provide those written comments to the submitting agency; and (4) as appropriate, facilitate conversations between agencies. (h) Stakeholder consultation For all substantive communications between OIRA and individuals not employed by the executive branch regarding a regulatory action submitted to the Administrator for review under this section, the Administrator shall— (1) invite the issuing agency to any meeting between OIRA personnel and individuals not employed by the executive branch; (2) not later than 10 business days after receipt of any written communication submitted by any individual not employed by the executive branch, make such communications available to the public online; and (3) make available to the public online a log, which shall be updated daily, of the following information: (A) The status of each regulatory action. (B) A copy of any written communication submitted by any person not employed by the executive branch. (C) The dates and names of persons involved in any substantive oral communication and the subject matter discussed during such communication. (i) Conclusion of review (1) Provision to agency Upon completion of the review, the Administrator shall provide the head of an agency with the results of the OIRA review in writing, including a list of every standard, Executive order, guidance document, and law reviewed for compliance and the results for each. (2) Changes during review period Within 24 hours after the conclusion of the OIRA review under this section, the head of the submitting agency shall provide the Administrator with a redline of any changes the agency made to the regulatory action during the review period. To the extent practicable, the agency shall identify any change made at the suggestion or recommendation of any other agency, member of the public, or other source. To the extent practicable, the agency should identify the source of any such change. 3524. Public disclosure of regulatory review (a) In general On the earlier of 3 days after OIRA completes the review of any agency significant regulatory action under section 3523, the date on which such agency publishes the regulatory action in the Federal Register, or the date on which the agency announces a decision not to publish the regulatory action, the Administrator shall make available to the public online— (1) all information submitted by an agency under section 3523; (2) the results of the review provided to the agency under section 3523; (3) the redline of any changes made by the agency during the course of the review provided under section 3523(i)(2); and (4) all documents exchanged between OIRA and the agency during the review. (b) Plain language requirement All information provided to the public shall, to the extent practicable, be in plain, understandable language. . (b) Technical and conforming amendment The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 35 section 3521 3522. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs Regulatory Working Group; regulatory plan; Unified Agenda. 3523. OIRA coordinated review of significant regulatory actions. 3524. Public disclosure of regulatory review. . (c) Definitions Section 3502 of title 44, United States Code, is amended— (1) in paragraph (13)(D), by striking ; and (2) in paragraph (14), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs: (15) the term Administrator (16) the term economically significant regulatory action (17) the term OIRA (18) the term regulation (A) means an agency statement of general applicability and future effect, which the agency intends to have the force and effect of law, that is designed to implement, interpret, or prescribe law or policy or to describe the procedure or practice requirements of an agency; and (B) does not include such a statement if— (i) issued in accordance with the formal rulemaking provisions of sections 556 and 557 of title 5; (ii) the statement pertains to a military or foreign affairs function of the United States, other than procurement regulations and regulations involving the import or export of nondefense articles and services; (iii) the statement is limited to an agency organization, management, or personnel matters; or (iv) the statement is exempted as a regulation by the Administrator; (19) the term regulation identifier number (20) the term regulatory action (21) the term significant regulatory action (A) have an annual effect on the economy of $100,000,000 or more; (B) adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or communities; (C) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency; (D) materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients therein; or (E) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates; (22) the term small business small-business concern 15 U.S.C. 632 (23) the term State . (d) Deadline for issuance of guidance Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs shall issue any guidance required by section 3522 of title 44, United States Code, as added by subsection (a). February 27, 2017 Reported from the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform February 27, 2017 The Committee on the Judiciary

Summary: OIRA Insight, Reform, and Accountability Act (Sec. 2) This bill codifies and revises the centralized regulatory review process, currently required under executive order, to require the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) within the Office of Management and Budget to: (1) chair the Regulatory Working Group that assists agencies with regulatory issues, (2) publish a unified agenda of each agency's regulations that are under development or review, and (3) review each agency's significant regulatory actions. OIRA's review is expanded to include the significant regulatory actions of independent regulatory agencies. Excluded from OIRA's review are: (1) the Government Accountability Office, (2) the Federal Election Commission, (3) the governments of the District of Columbia and of the territories and possessions of the United States, and (4) government-owned contractor-operated facilities. Under the bill, a "significant regulatory action" is any substantive regulatory action normally published in the Federal Register that promulgates or is expected to lead to the promulgation of a final regulation (including notices of inquiry, advance notices of proposed rulemaking, and notices of proposed rulemaking), or any statement of general applicability and future effect that sets policy on or interprets a statutory, regulatory, or technical issue, that may: have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more; adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public health or safety, or state, local, or tribal governments or communities; create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency; materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients therein; or raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates. The Regulatory Working Group shall consist of OIRA, agencies that have significant domestic regulatory responsibility, and other executive branch officials. The group must identify methods to ensure agencies coordinate with state, local, and tribal governments. Agencies must submit annually to OIRA a regulatory plan with: a summary of the legal basis, need, alternatives, and schedule for each significant regulatory action they expect to issue; an employee the public may contact for additional information about each action; the agency's plan to coordinate with state, local, and tribal governments throughout the regulatory process; a description of any action taken to ensure that planned significant regulatory actions are not duplicative or conflicting with any other existing or planned regulatory action; a retrospective review of existing regulations that are unjustified, unnecessary, duplicative, inappropriately burdensome, or otherwise recommended for removal; and a description of any other agency program to review existing regulations. OIRA must circulate an agency's regulatory plans to any other agency that may be affected by the plans. The other agencies must notify OIRA if a regulatory action conflicts with their own policies or actions, and OIRA must notify the relevant agencies of any conflicts. To identify regulations that are no longer justified or that affect a particular group, industry, or economy sector, OIRA must: (1) work with interested entities and agencies; (2) meet with state, local, and tribal governments; and (3) convene conferences with businesses, nongovernmental organizations, and the public. By March 15 and September 15 of each year, OIRA must publish the unified agenda of each agency's regulations under development or review. OIRA must: (1) issue guidance for agencies on the manner of submission of regulations for publication in the unified agenda, (2) provide a standard definition for each stage of review to assist the public in understanding the different terms used by agencies, and (3) review agency compliance. The unified agenda must explain why any regulation included in the immediately previous agenda is no longer included. OIRA must conduct a government-wide review of significant regulatory actions to ensure consistency with applicable law and avoid conflict with policy or action taken or planned by another agency. Each agency must provide OIRA with a list of each planned regulatory action with an identification of whether each such regulatory action is significant. OIRA shall determine whether submitted regulatory actions are significant and must review each such significant regulatory action. Agencies may consult with OIRA at any time. OIRA must maintain a log of each agency consultation before submitting a significant regulatory action for review. Before issuing a significant regulatory action, an agency must submit to OIRA for review: (1) a description of the need for the action and how the action will meet such need; (2) an assessment of the costs and benefits; (3) an explanation of the manner in which the significant regulatory action is consistent with a statutory mandate and avoids undue interference with state, local, and tribal government functions; and (4) an explanation of agency efforts to coordinate with state, local, and tribal governments. For economically significant regulatory actions, the agency must also submit any assessments developed during the decision-making process that quantify the costs and benefits of the regulatory action versus feasible alternatives and explain why the planned regulatory action is preferable to potential alternatives. OIRA's deadline to complete a review after an agency's submission of a regulation is: (1) 10 days for a notice of inquiry, advance notice of proposed rulemaking, or other preliminary regulatory action prior to a notice of proposed rulemaking; (2) 90 days for any other significant regulatory action that is not preliminary; or (3) 45 days if OIRA has previously reviewed a regulatory action that was not preliminary and there has been no material change in the facts and circumstances. OIRA's review period may be extended for any number of additional 30-day periods upon mutual agreement of OIRA and the agency. For each extension, OIRA shall make publicly available online a written explanation and an estimate of the expected conclusion date. If OIRA is unable to conclude a review before the deadline, it may return the draft of the regulatory action to the agency with an explanation of why the review could not be completed and what additional information, resources, or time OIRA would need to complete the review. An agency may withdraw the regulatory action from OIRA review at any time prior its completion. OIRA's review of significant regulatory actions must determine the extent to which the agency: identified and assessed the significance of the problem the regulation is designed to address; examined whether to modify any existing regulations or laws that create or contribute to the problem; assessed alternatives to direct regulation, including economic incentives to encourage desired behaviors; considered risks, costs and benefits, enforcement and compliance, incentives for innovation, consistency, predictability, flexibility, distributive impacts, and equity; used the best reasonably obtainable information; identified performance objectives rather than behavior or manner of compliance; sought comments from, assessed effects on, and harmonized regulations with the functions of state, local, and tribal governments; avoided conflicts with or duplication of other existing regulations; tailored the regulatory action to impose the least burden on society; drafted the regulatory action to be simple and easy to understand; and complied with requirements under executive orders, statutes, and applicable guidance. OIRA must allow other agencies to review the draft regulatory action for at least 10 business days, solicit comments from other agencies, and facilitate conversations between agencies. OIRA must provide an agency with the results of every standard, executive order, guidance document, and law reviewed. As soon as practicable and before publication in the Federal Register of a significant regulatory action for which OIRA concluded review, the submitting agency shall make available to OIRA a redline of any changes the agency made to the regulatory action during the review period. The agency shall identify any change made at the suggestion or recommendation of any other agency, member of the public, or other source. OIRA must make the redline available to the public online along with the information submitted by the agency for review, the results of OIRA's review, documents exchanged between OIRA senior officials and the agency during the review, and a list of each agency consultation with OIRA on the regulatory action. Agencies must publish on their websites: (1) a list of each active regulatory action, including an indication of the status or a link to its entry on the unified agenda; (2) their most recent regulatory plan; and (3) a link to each record disclosed by OIRA about the regulatory review. OIRA must ensure that records associated with each significant regulatory action: (1) are easily accessible for a period of time consistent with approved agency records disposition schedules, and (2) can be promptly submitted to Congress upon request. This bill does not apply to agency statements: (1) issued in accordance with formal rulemaking provisions under the Administrative Procedure Act when rules are required by statute to be made on the record after opportunity for an agency hearing; (2) pertaining to certain military or foreign affairs functions; (3) limited to organization, management, or personnel matters; or (4) exempted by OIRA with a published explanation online that includes the date of the decision and the reasons for exemption. (Sec. 3) No additional funds are authorized to carry out this bill.