Consumer Review Freedom Act of 2015

To prohibit the use of certain clauses in form contracts that restrict the ability of a consumer to communicate regarding the goods or services that were the subject of the contract. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Consumer Review Freedom Act of 2015 2. Protecting consumer speech (a) Prohibition A provision of a form contract is void from the inception of such contract if such provision— (1) prohibits or restricts the ability of a person who is a party to the form contract to engage in a covered communication; (2) imposes a penalty or fee against a person who is a party to the form contract for engaging in a covered communication; or (3) transfers or requires the individual to transfer to any person or business any intellectual property rights that the individual may have in any otherwise lawful covered communication about the person or the goods or services provided by the person or business; (b) Rule of construction Nothing in subsection (a) shall be construed to affect— (1) any duty of confidentiality imposed by law (including agency guidance); or (2) any civil action for defamation, libel, or slander, or any similar cause of action. (c) Exceptions Subsection (a) shall not apply to the extent that a provision of a form contract prohibits disclosure of the following: (1) Trade secrets or commercial or financial information obtained from a person and considered privileged or confidential. (2) Personnel and medical files and similar files the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy. (3) Records or information compiled for law enforcement purposes, the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy. (d) Unlawful conduct It shall be unlawful for a business to offer or enter into a form contract containing a provision described as void in subsection (a). (e) Penalty The Attorney General shall bring an action against any business who violates subsection (d) for a civil penalty of not more than $16,000 for each day that the business so requires the use of such a contract by a distinct person. (f) State enforcement The attorney general of a State may file an action to enforce subsection (d) seeking appropriate relief. In any case in which the attorney general of a State has reason to believe that an interest of the residents of that State has been or is threatened or adversely affected by the engagement of any person in a practice that violates any regulation of the Commission prescribed under this section, the State, as parens patriae, may bring a civil action on behalf of the residents of the State in a district court of the United States of appropriate jurisdiction to seek appropriate relief. (g) Definitions (1) The term person (2) The term business (3) The term form contract (4) The term covered communication (5) The term written (6) The term verbal (7) The term pictorial (h) Effective dates (1) Subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), and (g) shall apply to any contracts in effect on or after date of enactment. (2) Subsections (e) and (f) shall apply to any contracts in effect on or after one year after date of enactment. 3. Relation to state causes of action Nothing in this Act shall be construed to affect any cause of action brought by a person that exists or may exist under State law.

Summary: Consumer Review Freedom Act of 2015 Declares a provision of a form contract to be void from the inception if it: (1) prohibits or restricts a person who is a party to the contract from engaging in written, verbal, or pictorial reviews, or other similar performance assessments or analyses of, the products, services, or conduct of a business that is a party to the contract; (2) imposes penalties or fees against persons who engage in such communications; or (3) transfers or requires the individual to transfer any intellectual property rights in any such otherwise lawful communications about the person or the goods or services provided by the person or business. (Thus, bars certain contract provisions that prohibit consumers from commenting publicly about businesses.) Sets forth exceptions under which a provision shall not be considered void under this Act if the provision prohibits disclosure of certain: (1) trade secrets or commercial or financial information, (2) personnel and medical files, or (3) law enforcement records. Provides for this Act to be inapplicable to contracts establishing an employer-employee or independent contractor relationship. Prohibits businesses from offering or entering into form contracts containing a provision that is considered void under this Act. Sets forth authority for the Department of Justice (DOJ) and state attorneys general to enforce such prohibition. Requires DOJ to bring an action against any business that violates such prohibition for civil penalty of not more than $16,000 for each day that the business requires the use of such a form contract by a distinct person.