Judiciary ROOM Act of 2018

To provide for additional Article III judges, to modernize the administration of justice, and for other purposes. 1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Judiciary Reforms, Organization and Operational Modernization Act of 2018 Judiciary ROOM Act of 2018 (b) Table of contents The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Title I—Judgeships and Court Organization Sec. 101. District judges for the district courts. Sec. 102. Judicial districts of North Carolina. Sec. 103. Realignment of the eastern district of Arkansas. Sec. 104. Construction project in the James M. Carter and Judith N. Keep U.S. Courthouse. Sec. 105. Federal courthouse in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Title II—Judicial Operations Sec. 201. Code of conduct for Federal judges. Sec. 202. Recusal of Supreme Court justices. Sec. 203. Medical examinations for Federal judges. Title III—Court Operations Sec. 301. Video recording of court proceedings. Sec. 302. Advisory Committee for Access to Court Broadcasts and Case Information. Sec. 303. PACER. I Judgeships and Court Organization 101. District judges for the district courts (a) In general The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate— (1) 7 additional district judges for the central district of California; (2) 5 additional district judges for the eastern district of California; (3) 2 additional district judges for the northern district of California; (4) 3 additional district judges for the southern district of California; (5) 1 additional district judge for the district of Colorado; (6) 1 additional district judge for the district of Delaware; (7) 6 additional district judges for the middle district of Florida; (8) 1 additional district judge for the northern district of Florida; (9) 3 additional district judges for the southern district of Florida; (10) 1 additional district judge for the northern district of Georgia; (11) 1 additional district judge for the district of ldaho; (12) 1 additional district judge for the southern district of Indiana; (13) 1 additional district judge for the district of Minnesota; (14) 1 additional district judge for the district of Nevada; (15) 3 additional district judges for the district of New Jersey; (16) 2 additional district judges for the district of New Mexico; (17) 2 additional district judges for the eastern district of New York; (18) 1 additional district judge for the southern district of New York; (19) 1 additional district judge for the western district of New York; (20) 1 additional district judge for the district of Puerto Rico; (21) 2 additional district judges for the eastern district of Texas; (22) 2 additional district judges for the southern district of Texas; and (23) 4 additional district judges for the western district of Texas. (b) Existing judgeships As of the date of enactment of this Act, the following existing judgeships shall be authorized under section 133 of title 28, United States Code, and the incumbents in those offices shall hold the office under such section: (1) The judgeships authorized by section 203(c) of the Judicial Improvements Act of 1990 ( Public Law 101–650 28 U.S.C. 133 (A) the district of Kansas; and (B) the eastern district of Missouri. (2) The judgeships authorized by section 312(c) of the 21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act ( Public Law 107–273 28 U.S.C. 133 (A) the district of Arizona; (B) the central district of California; (C) the southern district of Florida; (D) the district of New Mexico; (E) the western district of North Carolina; and (F) the eastern district of Texas. (c) Tables ln order that the table contained in section 133 of title 28, United States Code, will, with respect to each judicial district, reflect the changes in the total number of permanent district judgeships authorized as a result of subsections (a) and (b) of this section, such table is amended to read as follows: Districts Number of Judges Alabama: Northern 7 Middle 3 Southern 3 Alaska 3 Arizona 13 Arkansas: Eastern 5 Western 3 California: Northern 16 Eastern 11 Central 35 Southern 16 Colorado 8 Connecticut 8 Delaware 5 District of Columbia 15 Florida: Northern 5 Middle 21 Southern 21 Georgia: Northern 12 Middle 4 Southern 3 Hawaii 3 Idaho 3 Illinois: Northern 22 Central 4 Southern 4 Indiana: Northern 5 Southern 6 Iowa: Northern 2 Southern 3 Kansas 6 Kentucky: Eastern 5 Western 4 Eastern and Western 1 Louisiana: Eastern 12 Middle 3 Western 7 Maine 3 Maryland 10 Massachusetts 13 Michigan: Eastern 15 Western 4 Minnesota 8 Mississippi: Northern 3 Southern 6 Missouri: Eastern 7 Western 5 Eastern and Western 2 Montana 3 Nebraska 3 Nevada 8 New Hampshire 3 New Jersey 20 New Mexico 9 New York: Northern 5 Southern 29 Eastern 17 Western 5 North Carolina: Eastern 4 Middle 4 Western 5 North Dakota 2 Ohio: Northern 11 Southern 8 Oklahoma: Northern 3 Eastern 1 Western 6 Northern, Eastern, and Western 1 Oregon 6 Pennsylvania: Eastern 22 Middle 6 Western 10 Puerto Rico 8 Rhode Island 3 South Carolina 10 South Dakota 3 Tennessee: Eastern 5 Middle 4 Western 5 Texas: Northern 12 Southern 21 Eastern 10 Western 17 Utah 5 Vermont 2 Virginia: Eastern 11 Western 4 Washington: Eastern 4 Western 7 West Virginia: Northern 3 Southern 5 Wisconsin: Eastern 5 Western 2 Wyoming 3 . (d) Designation of judges The chief judge of the eastern district of California shall designate 1 district judge whose official duty station shall be in Bakersfield, California and who shall hold court for such district in Bakersfield, California. 102. Judicial districts of North Carolina (a) In general Section 113 of title 28, United States Code, is amended— (1) in subsection (a), by striking and Wilson and Wilson, those portions of Hoke, Moore, Scotland, and Richmond counties encompassing the Fort Bragg Military Reservation and Camp Mackall, and (2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following: (b) Middle district The Middle District comprises the counties of Alamance, Cabarrus, Caswell, Chatham, Davidson, Davie, Durham (excluding that portion of Durham County encompassing the Federal Correctional Institution, Butner, North Carolina), Forsyth, Guilford, Hoke (excluding that portion of Hoke County encompassing the Fort Bragg Military Reservation and Camp Mackall), Lee, Montgomery, Moore (excluding that portion of Moore County encompassing the Fort Bragg Military Reservation and Camp Mackall), Orange, Person, Randolph, Richmond (excluding that portion of Richmond County encompassing the Fort Bragg Military Reservation and Camp Mackall), Rockingham, Rowan, Scotland (excluding that portion of Scotland County encompassing the Fort Bragg Military Reservation and Camp Mackall), Stanly, Stokes, Surry, and Yadkin. . (b) Application The amendments made by subsection (a) shall not apply to any action commenced or pending in any judicial district of North Carolina before the date of enactment of this Act. 103. Realignment of the eastern district of Arkansas Section 83(a) of title 28, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: Eastern District. (a) The Eastern District comprises three divisions. (1) The Central Division comprises the counties of Cleburne, Cleveland, Conway, Dallas, Drew, Faulkner, Grant, Jefferson, Lincoln, Lonoke, Perry, Pope Prairie, Pulaski, Saline, Stone, Van Buren, White, and Yell. Court for the Central Division shall be held at Little Rock. (2) The Delta Division comprises the counties of Arkansas, Chicot, Crittenden, Desha, Lee, Monroe, Phillips, and St. Francis. Court for the Delta Division shall be held at Helena. (3) The Northern Division comprises the counties of Clay, Craighead, Cross, Fulton, Greene, Independence, Izard, Jackson, Lawrence, Mississippi, Poinsett, Randolph, Sharp, and Woodruff. Court for the Northern Division shall be held at Jonesboro. . 104. Construction project in the James M. Carter and Judith N. Keep U.S. Courthouse Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of General Services shall complete and submit to Congress a prospectus for a construction project in the James M. Carter and Judith N. Keep U.S. Courthouse in San Diego, California, which project shall consist of building two new district courtrooms and four magistrate judge chambers. Any limitation regarding the Carter-Keep Courthouse contained in previous authorizations should not apply to the prospectus required under this section. 105. Federal courthouse in Harrisonburg, Virginia The Director of the Administrative Office of the Courts shall maintain a courthouse located in Harrisonburg, Virginia. II Judicial Operations 201. Code of conduct for Federal judges (a) In general Chapter 57 964. Code of conduct Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of the Judiciary ROOM Act of 2018, the Judicial Conference shall issue a code of conduct, which applies to each justice and judge of the United States, except that the code of conduct may include provisions that are applicable only to certain categories of judges or justices. . (b) Clerical amendment The table of sections for chapter 57 964. Code of conduct. . 202. Recusal of Supreme Court justices (a) In general Chapter 1 7. Recusal The clerk of the Supreme Court shall ensure that for any matter for which a justice of the Supreme Court is recused, timely notice of such recusal is made publicly available on the website of the Supreme Court, along with an explanation for such recusal. . (b) Clerical amendment The table of sections for chapter 1 7. Recusal. . 203. Medical examinations for Federal judges (a) In general Chapter 21 464. Medical examinations for justices and judges (a) In general Each justice or judge of the United States shall, at no expense to the judge or justice, undergo a medical examination by a physician— (1) in the case of a judge or justice who is 70 years of age or younger, every 5 years; (2) in the case of a judge or justice who is older than 70 years of age and younger than 81 years of age, every 2 years; and (3) in the case of a judge or justice who is 81 years of age or older, every year. (b) Confidentiality Except as provided in subsection (c), the results of a medical examination described in subsection (a) shall be confidential. (c) Exception Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in the case that a physician conducting a medical examination described in subsection (a) identifies a condition that may impact the ability of the judge or justice to carry out the duties of judge or justice’s position, the physician shall submit such finding to the appropriate chief judge or justice. In the case that the condition described in the previous sentence relates to a chief judge, the physician shall submit the finding to the chief judge of the court with appellate jurisdiction over the court on which the judge sits. . (b) Clerical amendment The table of sections for chapter 21 464. Medical examinations for justices and judges. . III Court Operations 301. Video recording of court proceedings (a) Courts of appeals (1) In general Chapter 3 51. Internet streaming (a) In general Not later than the date described in subsection (b), the proceedings of each hearing of a court of appeals shall be made available for viewing on the internet through streaming video— (1) to the extent practicable, in real time during such hearing; and (2) for not less than 2 years after the conclusion of such hearing. (b) Date described The date described in the subsection is— (1) in the case of a court of appeals sitting en banc, one year after the date of the enactment of this section; and (2) in the case of a panel of a court of appeals (other than as described in paragraph (1)), 2 years after the date of the enactment of this section. (c) Exception The requirement under subsection (a) shall not apply in the case that the courtroom is closed to the public. (d) Partnership permitted The chief judge of a circuit may enter into a partnership with a television provider in order to comply with the requirement under subsection (a). (e) Copyright protection not available Video created pursuant to the requirement under this section shall be considered a work of the United States Government for purposes of section 105 of title 17. . (2) Clerical amendment The table of sections for chapter 3 51. Internet streaming. . (b) Supreme Court (1) In general Chapter 1 8. Internet streaming (a) In general Each oral argument before the Supreme Court shall be made available for listening on the internet through streaming audio— (1) (A) on the day of such oral argument, not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this section; and (B) in real time during such oral argument, not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this section; and (2) for not less than 2 years after the conclusion of such oral argument. (b) Exception The requirement under subsection (a) shall not apply in the case that the courtroom is closed to the public. (c) Copyright protection not available Video created pursuant to the requirement under this section shall be considered a work of the United States Government for purposes of section 105 of title 17. . (2) Clerical amendment The table of sections for chapter 1 8. Internet streaming. . 302. Advisory Committee for Access to Court Broadcasts and Case Information (a) Establishment There is established an Advisory Committee for Access to Court Broadcasts and Case Information (referred to in this section as the Committee (b) Membership Members of the Committee shall be appointed by the Executive Director of the Administrative Office of the Courts. In appointing such members, the Executive Director shall ensure that a wide range of interested parties are represented, including non-profit groups and individuals who focus on access to public information, news organizations, legal researchers, and commercial entities who commercialize court documents. 303. PACER (a) Requirements for written opinions Each written opinion issued by a Federal court shall be— (1) stored on the Public Access to Court Electronic Records system in a format that is machine-readable and searchable by date; (2) citable using a vendor-neutral and medium-neutral citations system; and (3) made available to the Government Publishing Office. (b) Electronic Public Access to Exhibits in Federal Cases (1) In General Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and except as provided in paragraph (2), the Judicial Conference of the United States shall establish a pilot program to ensure that exhibits in Federal cases before 5 Federal courts selected by the Judicial Conference and any additional Federal district court that elects to participate are accessible through such online portal as the Judicial Conference may designate for the pilot program established under this subsection. (2) Exemption from Electronic Public Access This subsection shall not apply to the following exhibits: (A) Exhibits that cannot be digitized. (B) Exhibits concerning matters that are exempt from disclosure under section 552(b) of title 5, United States Code. (C) Exhibits exempt from disclosure under Rule 25(a)(5) of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure. (D) Exhibits exempt from disclosure under Rule 5.2 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. (E) Exhibits exempt from disclosure under Rule 49.1 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. (F) Exhibits exempt from disclosure under Rule 9037 of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure. (G) Exhibits that have been sealed by the presiding judge. (H) Exhibits that a presiding judge determines the public disclosure of which would likely interfere with a fair trial or otherwise the due administration of justice. (I) Exhibits that are otherwise exempt from public disclosure under any other provision of Federal or State law. (3) Applicability of Exemption (A) In General The determination of the applicability of paragraph (2) to an exhibit shall be made by the presiding judge. With respect to the applicability of the exemption described in subparagraph (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F) of paragraph (2), the presiding judge must determine that it is reasonably foreseeable that the disclosure of the exhibit would harm an interest protected by the relevant provision. (B) Redacted Exhibits With respect to an exhibit exempted from disclosure under paragraph (2)(B), any reasonably segregable portion of the exhibit shall be made available on the online portal established under paragraph (1), in accordance with the procedures described at the end of section 552(b) of title 5, United States Code. (C) Descriptive Notation With respect to an exhibit exempted from disclosure under subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), or (I) of paragraph (2), a descriptive notation of the exhibit shall be made available, consistent with any requirement under law regarding limitation on disclosure, on the online portal established under paragraph (1). (4) Rulemaking The Judicial Conference of the United States may promulgate such regulations as may be necessary to implement this subsection. (5) Definitions For purposes of this subsection: (A) Digitized The term digitized (B) Exhibit The term exhibit (C) Presiding judge The term presiding judge (6) Termination; report (A) Termination This subsection and the pilot program established under this subsection shall terminate on the date that is 4 years after the date of enactment of this Act. (B) Report Not later than one year after the termination of the pilot program established under this subsection, the Federal Judicial Center shall submit to the Judicial Conference of the United States, Congress, and any other appropriate Federal agency or office, a report that contains the results of the pilot program, along with any recommendations for improving public electronic access to Federal court exhibits.

Summary: Judiciary Reforms, Organization and Operational Modernization Act of 2018 or the Judiciary ROOM Act of 2018 This bill makes various changes to the operation and organization of federal courts. Among other things, the bill does the following: adds 52 new permanent district court judgeships, converts 8 temporary district court judgeships into permanent judgeships, restructures certain judicial districts, requires the Judicial Conference of the United States to issue a judicial code of conduct for judges and justices of U.S. courts (including Justices of the Supreme Court), and requires certain proceedings to be live streamed.