American Space Situational Awareness and Framework for Entity Management Act

To direct the Secretary of Commerce to provide for civil space situational awareness services and information, and for other purposes. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the American Space Situational Awareness and Framework for Entity Management Act American Space SAFE Management Act 2. Definitions In this Act: (1) Appropriate committees of Congress The term appropriate committees of Congress (2) NASA The term NASA 3. National civil space situational awareness and space traffic management science and technology plan (a) Policy It is the policy of the United States to encourage the coordination of public and private sector science and technology activities to improve space situational awareness and space traffic management. (b) Plan Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of NASA, in consultation with other Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall develop and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a national civil space situational awareness and space traffic management science and technology plan. (c) Purpose The Plan developed under subsection (b) shall carry out the policy set forth under subsection (a) by identifying and prioritizing civil space situational awareness and space traffic management research and development activities in support of the activities to be conducted pursuant to sections 4 and 5. (d) Contents The plan developed under subsection (b) shall include recommendations— (1) to improve coordination among Federal departments and agencies on civil space situational awareness and space traffic management research and development; (2) to promote and facilitate private investment in civil space situational awareness and space traffic management research and development; (3) to identify current and project future private investment in civil space situational awareness and space traffic management research and development; (4) to work proactively with the private sector to avoid competing with, disincentivizing, or otherwise discouraging private sector research and development investment; and (5) to prioritize Federal Government investments in civil space situational awareness and space traffic management research and development to occur over a 5-year funding period. (e) Availability The Administrator shall ensure that the plan developed under subsection (b), and any updates to such plan, are made available on a publicly accessible website and published in the Federal Register. (f) Updated plan Every 5 years, the Administrator shall update the plan and submit the updated plan to the appropriate committees of Congress. (g) Annual budget In submitting each annual budget request to Congress, the President shall identify activities to implement the plan. (h) Center for Civil Space Situational Awareness and Space Traffic Management Science and Technology Excellence (1) Establishment The Administrator of NASA shall establish, through a competitive process, a Center for Civil Space Situational Awareness and Space Traffic Management Science and Technology Excellence at a United States academic institution or institutions. (2) Purpose The purpose of the Center established under paragraph (1), taking into account the plan established in this section, shall be to develop, lead, and promote research that furthers civil space situational awareness, space traffic coordination, and space traffic management. (3) Funding NASA shall devote not less than $2,000,000 to carry out this subsection for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023, subject to the availability of appropriations, to come from amounts made available for NASA. This subsection shall be carried out using funds otherwise appropriated by law after the date of enactment of this Act. 4. Civil space situational awareness program (a) Findings Congress finds that— (1) commercial activity in space is accelerating and the United States has a growing commercial space market; (2) the number of launches and satellites in orbit will grow significantly in the near future, increasing the number of objects, satellites, and debris, and the risk of collisions; and (3) responsible space operations has large implications for the sustainability of space activities, and in turn the prosperity and national security of the United States. (b) Policy It is the policy of the United States to establish and maintain a civil space situational awareness program that provides the public space situational awareness information and services in order to facilitate a safe operational environment. The Program established under subsection (c) shall facilitate and promote opportunities for United States private sector providers of space situational awareness data, information, and services to participate in and contribute to the Program. The Program shall promote broad participation from both domestic and international spacecraft operators. (c) Establishment No later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall establish a civil space situational awareness program (in this section, referred to as the Program (d) Consultation In developing the Program, the Secretary of Commerce shall consult with— (1) other Federal departments and agencies, as the Secretary considers appropriate; and (2) the United States private sector and academia. (e) Transition plan (1) In general Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with relevant Federal agencies, shall jointly submit a transition plan to the appropriate committees of Congress for the transfer to the Department of Commerce of the provision of space situational awareness services and information performed under section 2274 of title 10, United States Code, as of the day before the date of the enactment of this Act. (2) Contents The transition plan referred to in paragraph (1) shall— (A) contain an analysis of how to prevent a gap in the provision of the space situational awareness services and information referred to in such paragraph; (B) identify the capabilities the Department of Commerce requires to provide such services and information, including— (i) workforce, facilities, and training; (ii) the cost of such capabilities; and (iii) the estimated effective date for such capabilities; and (C) describe the structure of any partnership with a commercial or international entity or entities in which the Department of Commerce may enter for purposes of providing such services and information. (f) Eligible entities The Secretary may provide services and information under the Program to, and may obtain data and information from, an entity, including any of the following: (1) A State. (2) A political subdivision of a State. (3) A United States commercial entity. (4) The government of a foreign country. (5) A foreign commercial entity. (g) User Fees (1) No fee for basic set In providing space situational awareness services and information under the Program, the Secretary shall provide a basic set of such services and information, as determined by the Secretary, without charging a user fee. (2) Additional services and information The Secretary is authorized to charge a reasonable user fee for any additional space situational awareness services and information not provided under paragraph (1). (3) Statutory construction Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to preclude private sector entities from charging a user fee for providing space situational awareness services and information. (h) Quality of services and information The Program shall provide space situational awareness services and information that are as good as or better than the services and information provided pursuant to section 2274 of title 10, United States Code, as determined by the Secretary. (i) Space situational awareness data testbed In carrying out the Program, the Secretary shall provide for a space situational awareness data testbed to facilitate innovation in the use of space situational awareness data to support space situational awareness services that may be provided by the Federal Government or the private sector. The testbed shall allow the public to access such space situational awareness data, including United States Government data, as the Secretary considers appropriate. The Secretary shall place conditions on such data in consultation with appropriate Federal departments and agencies to protect United States national security and foreign policy interests. (j) Promoting private sector solutions The Secretary shall facilitate and promote opportunities for United States private sector providers of space situational awareness data, information, and services to participate in and contribute to the Program. (k) Role of NASA In implementing and carrying out the Program, the Secretary of Commerce may use, on a reimbursable basis and to the greatest extent practicable, NASA’s existing infrastructure, workforce, and experience relating to space situational awareness, including conjunction assessments that NASA provides for NASA robotic and crewed operations. (l) Other Federal agencies In implementing and carrying out the Program, the Secretary of Commerce may leverage existing workforce and experience of other Federal agencies relating to space situational awareness for the training of staff and other needs, as determined by the Secretary. (m) Immunity The United States, any agencies and instrumentalities thereof, including the Department of Commerce and NASA, and any individuals, firms, corporations, and other persons acting for the United States, shall be immune from any suit in any court for any cause of action arising from the provision or receipt of space situational awareness services or information, whether or not provided in accordance with this section, or any related action or omission. (n) Quarterly briefing The Department of Commerce and NASA shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress quarterly, beginning on the date that is 3 months after the date of enactment of this Act, on the status of, and all progress, changes, and other developments related to, carrying out the Program. (o) Program users The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent feasible and as soon as is practicable after the establishment of the Program, engage with and solicit feedback from stakeholders that are contributors to or recipients of space situational awareness services and information under the Program in order to, at a minimum, receive practical information on the effectiveness of the Program and receive recommendations on how to improve the Program. (p) Statutory construction Nothing in this section may be construed to modify any other authorities for the Federal Government to provide space situational awareness services and information to the public. (q) Funding The Secretary shall devote no less than $20,000,000 to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023, subject to the availability of appropriations, to come from amounts made available for the Office of the Secretary. This section shall be carried out using funds otherwise appropriated by law after the date of enactment of this Act. 5. Space traffic management framework (a) Findings Congress finds the following: (1) The United States has the capability to rapidly develop voluntary civil space traffic coordination guidelines, practices, and standards. (2) It is in the national interest that the United States leads the world in the development of voluntary civil space traffic coordination guidelines, practices, and standards in cooperation with the private sector in the United States. (3) The United States should promote the international adoption of such civil space traffic coordination guidelines, practices, and standards developed in the United States. (4) Establishing voluntary civil space traffic coordination guidelines, practices, and standards is an important first step in developing a comprehensive space traffic management framework. (b) Policy It is the policy of the United States to timely develop voluntary civil space traffic coordination guidelines, practices, and standards to ensure a safe operational environment. (c) Voluntary civil space traffic coordination guidelines, practices, and standards (1) In general The Secretary of Commerce shall, in consultation with appropriate governmental and nongovernmental entities, promote the development of voluntary civil space traffic coordination guidelines, practices, and standards to ensure a safe operational environment and inform development of a comprehensive space traffic management framework. (2) Guidelines (A) In general Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall publish voluntary civil space traffic coordination guidelines. Such guidelines shall be developed in consultation with other relevant Federal agencies, domestic private entities (including entities in the commercial sector and institutions of higher education (as such term is defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001 (B) Public Comment To facilitate and assure ample opportunity for input from domestic private entities specified in subparagraph (A), during the period in which the development of the guidelines under such subparagraph occurs, the Secretary of Commerce shall allow for a public comment period to identify key issues, trends, and needs that should be addressed during the period of that development. (C) Use of guidelines Federal agencies operating spacecraft shall, to the extent practicable and taking into account the national security interests of the United States in operating such spacecraft, follow the guidelines issued under subparagraph (A). (d) Pilot program (1) In general Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall establish a civil space traffic coordination pilot program under which the Secretary will, using the guidelines, practices, and standards developed under subsection (c) to the greatest extent practicable, facilitate communication, coordination, negotiation, and resolution among domestic and international civil spacecraft operators (including governmental and private entities operating such spacecraft) for the purposes of improving the safety of spaceflight. The Secretary shall, to the greatest extent practicable, incentivize participation in the pilot program. Nothing in the preceding sentence shall be construed as requiring a private entity to participate in such pilot program. (2) Public comment Before establishing the pilot program under this subsection, the Secretary of Commerce shall publish information about the program’s details in the Federal Register and allow for public comment for a reasonable period that ends before the date of such establishment. (3) Duration The authority to carry out the pilot program under this subsection shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the pilot program under paragraph (1) is established. (4) Pilot program participants The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent feasible and as soon as is practicable after the date on which the pilot program is established under paragraph (1), engage with and solicit feedback from pilot program participants, in order to, at minimum, receive practical information on the effectiveness of the pilot program and receive recommendations on how to improve the pilot program. (5) Funding The Secretary of Commerce shall devote no less than $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023 to carry out this subsection, subject to the availability of appropriations, to come from amounts made available for the Office of the Secretary. This subsection shall be carried out using funds otherwise appropriated by law after the date of enactment of this Act. (e) Reports (1) Space traffic coordination standards Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the role the Department of Commerce, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology, will have in the development of civil space traffic coordination standards for purposes of promoting innovation and the competitiveness of the United States. (2) Report on next steps for Space Traffic Management Framework Beginning not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on, for the period covered by the report— (A) the state of domestic and international civil space traffic management, including voluntary or legally binding guidelines, practices, and standards; and (B) the Secretary’s recommendations on what steps should be taken by the United States to facilitate— (i) further development and adoption of the guidelines, practices, and standards developed under subsection (c); (ii) coordination carried out pursuant to subsection (d); and (iii) development of a comprehensive space traffic management framework. December 28, 2018 Committee on the Budget

Summary: American Space Situational Awareness and Framework for Entity Management Act or the American Space SAFE Management Act This bill declares that it is U.S. policy to encourage the coordination of public and private sector science and technology activities to improve space situational awareness and space traffic management. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) must submit a national civil space situational awareness and space traffic management science and technology plan to carry out this policy. NASA shall establish a Center for Civil Space Situational Awareness and Space Traffic Management Science and Technology Excellence at a U.S. academic institution or institutions. The Department of Commerce shall establish a civil situational awareness program to furnish situational awareness services and information to, and obtain space situational awareness data and information from, specified eligible entities, including a state, a U.S. commercial entity, the government of a foreign country, or a foreign commercial entity. Commerce shall establish a civil space traffic coordination pilot program to facilitate communication, coordination, negotiation, and resolution among domestic and international civil spacecraft operators (including governmental and private entities operating those spacecraft) to improve the safety of spaceflight. Commerce must submit a report on the role that Commerce, including of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall have in the development of civil space traffic coordination standards to promote innovation and U.S. competitiveness.