Prepaid Card and Mobile Account Consumer Protection Act of 2015

To provide protection for consumers who have prepaid cards and mobile accounts, and for other purposes. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Prepaid Card and Mobile Account Consumer Protection Act of 2015 2. Definitions (a) Definition of account Section 903 of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act ( 15 U.S.C. 1693a (2) the term account (A) means— (i) a demand deposit, savings deposit, or other asset account (other than an occasional or incidental credit balance in an open end credit plan, as defined in section 103(j)), as described in regulations of the Bureau, established primarily for personal, family, or household purposes, as defined by the Bureau, by rule; and (ii) a spending account, as defined in section 924(a); and (B) does not include an account held by a financial institution pursuant to a bona fide trust agreement; . (b) Definition of financial institution Section 903(9) of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act ( 15 U.S.C. 1693a(9) holds an account manages, provides, or holds an account containing funds (c) Technical and conforming amendments Section 903 of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act ( 15 U.S.C. 1693a (1) by redesignating paragraph (4) (relating to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System), as so designated by section 1084(2)(A) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act ( Public Law 111–203 (2) in paragraph (3), as so redesignated, by striking term Bureau term Board 3. Spending accounts (a) Spending accounts The Electronic Fund Transfer Act ( 15 U.S.C. 1693 et seq. (1) by redesignating section 923 ( 15 U.S.C. 1693 Public Law 111–203 (2) by redesignating section 922 ( 15 U.S.C. 1693r Public Law 111–203 (3) by inserting after section 923, as so redesignated, the following: 924. Spending accounts (a) Definitions For purposes of this section— (1) the term insured credit union 12 U.S.C. 1752 (2) the term insured depository institution 12 U.S.C. 1813 (3) the term spending account (A) means a deposit account— (i) that is established by a consumer or on behalf of a consumer at an insured depository institution or an insured credit union; (ii) that contains the funds of a consumer; (iii) to which payments are to be made by a consumer, or at the direction of a consumer; (iv) to which recurring electronic fund transfers may be made, at the direction of a consumer; or (v) from which payments may be made at the direction of a consumer through the use of a card, code, or device; (B) includes a deposit account described in subparagraph (A)— (i) that is operated or managed by a financial institution, or any other person; and (ii) the funds of which are— (I) pooled with the funds of a person other than the person who established the account; or (II) held in a name other than that of the person who established the account; and (C) does not include— (i) an account described in section 903(2)(A)(i); (ii) an account held by a financial institution pursuant to a bona fide trust agreement; (iii) a nonreloadable, general-use prepaid card, as defined in section 915(a)(2)(A), in an amount that does not exceed $250; (iv) a general-use prepaid card, as defined in section 915(a)(2)(A), that is solely associated with— (I) a health plan to which section 105 (II) a qualified transportation fringe, as defined in section 132(f) (III) a health savings account, as defined in section 223(d) (IV) any other healthcare benefit account, including a healthcare account relating to Medicare or Medicaid benefits; (v) a gift certificate, as defined in section 915(a)(2)(B); (vi) a store gift card, as defined in section 915(a)(2)(C); (vii) an electronic promise, plastic card, or payment code or device described in clause (i), (v), or (vi) of section 915(a)(2)(D); (viii) a nonreloadable card labeled as a gift card and marketed solely as a gift card; or (ix) a nonreloadable loyalty, rebate, or promotional card. (b) FDIC or NCUA insurance (1) Insurance required Spending accounts shall be structured to provide and maintain separate deposit insurance coverage for the funds of each consumer under the applicable regulations of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the National Credit Union Administration. (2) Transfer of funds Any person that receives funds in connection with an electronic fund transfer to a spending account shall promptly, and in no event later than 1 business day after the funds are activated— (A) transfer such funds to an account at an insured depository institution or an insured credit union, as applicable; and (B) credit the spending account in an amount equal to the amount of such funds. (c) Alternative to periodic statement (1) Periodic statement not required In the case of an electronic fund transfer from a spending account, a financial institution shall not be subject to the requirement under section 906(c) to provide a periodic statement to a consumer, if the financial institution provides to the consumer— (A) access to the account balance of the consumer— (i) through a readily available telephone line; (ii) through the Internet; (iii) at an electronic terminal or other device that allows the consumer to make a balance inquiry, by providing balance information or, routinely or upon request, on a receipt provided at the electronic terminal at the time of an electronic fund transfer; and (iv) through text messaging; (B) notice of the means by which the consumer may access the account balance of the consumer, including any telephone number; (C) in response to an oral or written request of the consumer, a written record of the account transactions of the consumer during the 2-year period ending on the date of the request that includes the information required to be provided to the consumer under section 906(c); (D) an electronic record, such as a record available on the Internet, of the account transactions of the consumer during the 2-year period ending on the date on which the consumer accesses the electronic record that includes the information required to be provided to the consumer under section 906(c); (E) with at least the same frequency as a written periodic statement that would otherwise be required under section 906, notification by email of the availability of an electronic history or an electronic periodic statement, unless the consumer has declined to provide an email address; (F) the option to receive a written statement, either a one-time paper statement or continuous regular monthly paper statements with a single request, and clear and conspicuous notice of such option at the time of enrollment and on the website of the financial institution; (G) annual notice of the error resolution procedure for the spending account, as prescribed in regulations of the Bureau; and (H) any other transaction information that the financial institution elects to make available and that the consumer elects to receive, such as messages or alerts concerning other balance or transaction information. (2) Fees prohibited (A) In general Except as provided in subparagraph (B), a financial institution may not charge a fee for any service provided under paragraph (1). (B) Fee for written statement A financial institution may charge a fee of not more than $1 for each written statement provided under paragraph (1)(F). (3) No election by consumer If the consumer has not elected to receive written periodic or annual statements, has not elected to receive another regular form of transaction information that the Bureau has determined, by rule, to be equivalent to periodic statements, and has not accessed the account online in the preceding 12-month period, the financial institution shall provide notice to the consumer at least annually of the means by which the consumer may access transaction information and the option to enroll in written periodic or annual statements. (d) Limitations on liability For purposes of section 909(a), reimbursement need not be made to a consumer for a loss relating to a spending account that a financial institution establishes would not have occurred, but for the failure of the consumer to report any unauthorized electronic fund transfer or account error— (1) not later than 60 days after the date on which account information that includes the unauthorized electronic fund transfer or account error is provided to or accessed by the consumer under subsection (c); or (2) in extenuating circumstances, such as extended travel or hospitalization, within a longer time that is reasonable under the circumstances. (e) Fees (1) Fees prohibited Except as provided in paragraph (2), a financial institution may not charge in connection with a spending account— (A) an annual fee; (B) an overdraft fee, including a fee for shortage or nonsufficient funds, or any other fee for a transaction processed for amounts exceeding the account balance; (C) a usage fee for use at the point of sale; (D) a fee for a declined transaction; (E) a fee for the use of an electronic terminal that is in the network of the issuer; (F) any fee during periods of inactivity or dormancy, including a periodic fee charged after more than 6 months of inactivity; (G) a fee for a balance inquiry or access to transaction information; (H) a fee for an inquiry to customer service; (I) a finance charge or other fee imposed in connection with an extension of credit; (J) an account closing fee or a fee to obtain the remaining balance in the spending account; (K) a fee for any activity not described in paragraph (2); (L) any fee prohibited by applicable State law; or (M) any fee of any kind that would cause the balance to become negative. (2) Fees permitted A financial institution may charge in connection with a spending account— (A) a fee for a replacement card— (i) of not more than $5 for the first replacement card requested by a consumer during any 12-month period; and (ii) that is in addition to the replacement card described in clause (i); (B) a fee for expedited delivery of a replacement card; (C) a periodic fee, not more frequently than monthly, provided that no periodic fee may be assessed if there has been no deposit or transaction activity in the account during the preceding 3 months; (D) a reload fee, or any other fee for adding value to the spending account, if the financial institution provides a reasonable alternate method for adding value to the spending account without a fee; (E) a fee for a transfer from the spending account to another account; (F) a fee for bill payment; (G) a fee for a withdrawal by the consumer from an electronic terminal that is— (i) located outside the United States; or (ii) not in the network of the financial institution, including a fee to cover the costs of any charge to the financial institution by the owner of the electronic terminal relating to the use of the electronic terminal by the consumer; (H) a fee for a purchase or a withdrawal in a foreign currency; and (I) an activation, initiation, or enrollment fee. (3) Disclosure of fee information (A) Disclosure required Each financial institution that offers a spending account shall provide to a consumer— (i) together with any application, offer, or solicitation for a spending account— (I) a table of any fees that may be charged in connection with the spending account that— (aa) can be easily understood by the consumer; (bb) is clearly and conspicuously displayed to the consumer before purchase; and (cc) includes, at a minimum, the amount and a description of each fee that may be charged by the financial institution under paragraph (2); and (II) an estimate of the average total monthly cost to a typical consumer for using the spending account, based on a profile of the typical consumer established by the Bureau; (ii) on the card or other means of access, a toll-free telephone number and website at which the consumer may access a clear and conspicuous disclosure of the fees that may be charged in connection with the spending account; and (iii) a wallet-sized summary of any fees that may be charged in connection with the spending account and a toll-free telephone number for customer service relating to the spending account. (B) Rules Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Prepaid Card and Mobile Account Consumer Protection Act of 2015 (f) Credit features (1) In general No person may offer or provide a spending account that has a credit feature or that can be linked to a credit account that is automatically repaid from the spending account. (2) Exceptions Nothing in this subsection prohibits— (A) a consumer from making an electronic fund transfer from a spending account to pay a credit account or from setting up preauthorized electronic fund transfers to pay a credit account; or (B) a financial institution from offsetting an inadvertent negative balance in a spending account against the next deposit to that account, provided that the consumer is not charged a fee or finance charge. (g) Closure of dormant accounts A financial institution or other person that provides, holds, or manages a spending account shall close the account and refund any remaining funds to the consumer— (1) if the account has been inactive for 12 months, or such other period as the Bureau shall establish, by regulation; and (2) upon request of the consumer to the financial institution or other person using an easily accessible method of contact, that the account be closed. . (b) Consumer choice Section 913 of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act ( 15 U.S.C. 1693k (1) by striking No person may— (a) In general No person may— ; (2) in paragraph (1), by striking or (3) in paragraph (2), by striking the period and inserting ; or (4) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following: (3) issue a card or other means of access for receipt of electronic fund transfers of wages or government benefits unless the recipient has first been offered the option of receiving the funds in a form selected by the recipient from among a set of options specified by the Bureau. ; and (5) by adding at the end the following: (b) Forms of receipt The options for forms of receipt of electronic fund transfers of wages or government benefits under subsection (a)(3) specified by the Bureau shall include at least 1 of the following forms: (1) direct deposit into an account designated by the recipient; (2) in cash; and (3) by check. . (c) Study The Bureau shall establish an implementation plan and timeline for a prepaid card research study to be completed not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, to determine what, if any, differences there are for both the short- and long-term economic well-being of consumers at different income levels who use spending accounts versus those who use traditional bank accounts for their primary means of making financial transactions. (d) Technical and conforming amendments (1) Written periodic statements Section 906(c) of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act ( 15 U.S.C. 1693d(c) A financial Except as provided in section 924(c), a financial (2) Error resolution Section 908(a) of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act ( 15 U.S.C. 1693f(a) or notification pursuant to section 906(b) , notification pursuant to section 906(b), or written or electronic documentation pursuant to section 924(c) 4. Expedited funds availability The Expedited Funds Availability Act ( 12 U.S.C. 4001 et seq. (1) in section 601(1) ( 12 U.S.C. 4001(1) , spending account (as defined in section 924(a) of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act), deposit account (2) in section 603 ( 12 U.S.C. 4002 (g) Checks deposited by remote deposit capture (1) In general Funds deposited in an account by the transmission by the accountholder of an image of a check using a mobile device or computer shall be available on the same schedule as a check deposited at an automated teller machine under this section. (2) Time period adjustment to prevent fraud The Board, jointly with the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, may increase the time period described in paragraph (1) if the Board, jointly with the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, determines that such an increase is necessary to prevent fraud. . 5. Severability If any provision of this Act or an amendment made by this Act, or the application of the provision or amendment to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act and the amendments made by this Act, and the application of the provisions of this Act and the amendments made by this Act to any other person or circumstance, shall not be affected. 6. Effective date This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall become effective 9 months after the date of enactment of this Act.

Summary: Prepaid Card and Mobile Account Consumer Protection Act of 2015 This bill amends the Electronic Fund Transfer Act to extend its coverage to spending accounts (deposit accounts) established by a consumer at an insured depository institution or credit union: to which recurring electronic fund transfers (EFTs) may be made, at the consumer's direction; and from which payments may be made, at the consumer's direction, through the use of a card, code, or device ( prepaid cards). Any similar deposit account operated or managed by a financial institution, or any other person, shall be treated as a spending account subject to the Act if its funds: (1) are pooled with the funds of a person other than the one who established the account, or (2) are held in a name other than that of the person who established the account. The bill excludes from coverage by the Act any: demand deposit, savings deposit, or other asset account established primarily for personal, family, or household purposes; account held by a financial institution pursuant to a bona fide trust agreement; nonreloadable general-use prepaid card in an amount under $250; and general-use prepaid card solely associated with a certain kind of health plan, any qualified transportation fringe, any health savings account or any other healthcare benefit account, or other specified kinds of cards. The bill requires spending accounts to be structured to provide and maintain separate deposit insurance coverage for the funds of each consumer under Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or National Credit Union Administration regulations. Any person that receives funds in connection with an EFT to a spending account must: (1) transfer them, within one business day after funds are activated, to an account at an insured depository institution or credit union; and (2) credit the spending account in an amount equal to the amount of such funds. The bill waives the requirement to give a consumer a periodic statement if a financial institution, among other things, grants the consumer access to the account balance through a readily available telephone line, the Internet, text messaging, or at an electronic terminal or other device (e.g., automated teller machine [ATM]) allowing the consumer to make a balance inquiry. The bill prohibits the charging of fees for services required to meet these requirements, other than $1 for an optional written statement. The bill specifies other fees which may and may not be charged in connection with a spending account. No person may offer or provide a spending account that has a credit feature or that can be linked to a credit account that is automatically repaid from the spending account. The bill prohibits the issuance of cards or other means of access for receipt of EFTs of wages or government benefits unless the recipient has first been offered the option of receiving funds in a form selected from among a set of alternatives specified by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), including at least one option for direct deposit, cash, or check. The CFPB shall establish an implementation plan and timeline for a prepaid card research study to determine if any differences exist for both the short- and long-term economic well-being of consumers at different income levels who use spending accounts versus those who use traditional bank accounts for their primary means of making financial transactions. The Expedited Funds Availability Act is amended to declare that funds deposited in an account by the transmission of an image of a check using a mobile device or computer shall be available on the same schedule as a check deposited at an ATM.