STOP Fentanyl Overdoses Act of 2023

To establish programs to address addiction and overdoses caused by illicit fentanyl and other opioids, and for other purposes. 1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Support, Treatment, and Overdoses Prevention of Fentanyl Overdoses Act of 2023 STOP Fentanyl Overdoses Act of 2023 (b) Table of contents The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions. Title I—Improving Fentanyl Surveillance Sec. 101. Enhanced drug surveillance. Sec. 102. Collection of overdose data. Sec. 103. Public health support for law enforcement. Sec. 104. Fentanyl detection. Sec. 105. Grants to improve public health surveillance in forensic laboratories. Title II—Stemming the Supply of Fentanyl Sec. 201. Report on countries that produce synthetic drugs. Sec. 202. GAO report on international mail and cargo screening. Title III—Overdose Prevention and Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs Sec. 301. Opioid treatment education. Sec. 302. Study on naloxone access. Sec. 303. Increasing access to medication for opioid overdose reversal. Sec. 304. Grant program on harms of drug misuse. Sec. 305. Good Samaritan immunity. Sec. 306. Report on overdose prevention centers. Sec. 307. Prisons and substance use disorder treatment. 2. Definitions In this Act, except as otherwise provided: (1) The term Assistant Secretary (2) The term Secretary (3) The term fentanyl-related substance I Improving Fentanyl Surveillance 101. Enhanced drug surveillance (a) CDC surveillance program Title III of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 241 et seq. 42 U.S.C. 247b–24 317W. Enhanced drug surveillance (a) In general The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall enhance the Overdose Data to Action drug surveillance program of the Centers and other drug surveillance programs by— (1) encouraging States, political subdivisions of States, and territories to participate; (2) increasing and accelerating the collection of data on fentanyl, fentanyl-related substances, other synthetic opioids, and new emerging drugs of use (including harmful adulterants of fentanyl such as xylazine), including the collection of related overdose data from medical examiners and drug treatment admissions and information regarding drug seizures; and (3) utilizing available and emerging information on fentanyl, fentanyl-related substances, other synthetic opioids, and new emerging drugs of abuse, including information from— (A) the High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas program; (B) the National Drug Early Warning System; (C) State and local public health authorities; (D) Federal, State, and local public health laboratories; and (E) drug seizures by Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies, including information from the National Seizure System and the National Forensic Laboratory Information System of the Drug Enforcement Administration. (b) Information sharing The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall publicly disseminate findings collected through the Overdose Data to Action drug surveillance program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (c) Definition In this section, the term fentanyl-related substance . (b) Law enforcement reporting Each Federal law enforcement agency shall report information on all drug seizures by that agency to the Drug Enforcement Administration for inclusion in the National Seizure System. (c) GAO report Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall— (1) publish a report analyzing how Federal agencies can improve their collection, reporting, sharing, and analytic use of drug seizure data across Federal agencies and with State and local governments; and (2) include in such report an analysis of how well available data on drug seizures can measure progress toward reducing drug trafficking into and within the country, as outlined in strategies such as the National Drug Control Strategy of the Office of National Drug Control Policy. 102. Collection of overdose data (a) In general Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall commence a study on how to most efficiently track overdoses by type of drug, including fentanyl. (b) Grant program (1) In general Upon completion of the study under subsection (a), and taking into consideration the results of such study, the Secretary shall award grants to States to facilitate the collection of data with respect to fentanyl-involved overdoses. (2) Requirement As a condition on receipt of a grant under this subsection, an applicant shall agree to share the data collected pursuant to the grant with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (3) Preference In awarding grants under this subsection, the Secretary shall give preference to applicants whose grant proposals demonstrate the greatest need for collecting timely and accurate data on overdoses. 103. Public health support for law enforcement (a) Support for fentanyl detection and handling The Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General, shall carry out a program to provide to Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies training on accurate information about fentanyl and how to detect and handle fentanyl. (b) Evidence-Based The program under subsection (a) shall comply with evidence-based guidelines, including the Fentanyl Safety Recommendations for First Responders 104. Fentanyl detection (a) Testing of contaminants The Secretary, acting through the Assistant Secretary and in coordination with the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall continue to improve efforts to enhance screening and identification of contaminants in drugs to prevent overdoses. (b) Research into technologies The Secretary shall conduct or support research for the development or improvement of portable and affordable technologies related to checking drugs for fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances, including chemical screening device methods. 105. Grants to improve public health surveillance in forensic laboratories Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10101 et seq. PP Confronting the use of heroin, fentanyl, and associated synthetic drugs 3061. Grants to address public safety through improved forensic laboratory data (a) Purpose The purpose of a grant awarded under this section shall be to promote public health by assisting a State or unit of local government— (1) establish or improve a surveillance program in order to facilitate the seizure of covered controlled substances; and (2) carry out the activities described in section 101 of the STOP Fentanyl Overdoses Act of 2023 (b) Establishment of grant The Attorney General, acting through the Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance, may make a grant to a State or unit of local government to promote public health by establishing or improving a surveillance program in order to facilitate the seizure of covered controlled substances. (c) Eligible projects A grant awarded under this section shall be used for a program, project, or other activity to— (1) reimburse a State, local, or other forensic science laboratory for costs associated with testing to help address any backlog of untested samples of covered controlled substances; (2) reimburse a State, local, or other forensic science laboratory for the procurement of equipment, technology, or other support systems; (3) reimburse State, local, or other forensic science laboratory for improved, real time data exchange with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on covered controlled substances; and (4) support a State or local health departments deployed to address the use of covered controlled substances. (d) Additional requirement A program, project, or other activity pursuant to subsection (c)(2) shall require that the State, unit of local government, or Tribe demonstrate, to the satisfaction of the Attorney General, that any reimbursement would result in improved efficiency of laboratory testing and help prevent future backlogs. (e) Allocation (1) Population allocation Seventy-five percent of the amount made available to carry out this section in a fiscal year shall be allocated to each State or unit of local government that meets the requirements of section 2802 so that each State or unit of local government shall receive an amount that bears the same ratio to the 75 percent of the total amount made available to carry out this section for that fiscal year as the population of the State or unit of local government bears to the population of all States or units of local governments. (2) Discretionary allocation Twenty-five percent of the amount made available to carry out this section in a fiscal year shall be allocated pursuant to the discretion of the Attorney General for competitive grants to States or units of local government with high rates of primary treatment admissions for polysubstance use, including for covered controlled substances, for use by State, local, or Tribal law enforcement agencies. (3) Limitation Not less than 60 percent of any amounts made available to carry out this section shall be awarded for a program, project, or other activity under paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (c). (4) Minimum requirement Notwithstanding paragraphs (1), (2), and (3), each State receiving funds shall not receive less than 0.6 percent of the amount made available to carry out this section in each fiscal year. (f) Covered controlled substance defined In this section, the term covered controlled substance . II Stemming the Supply of Fentanyl 201. Report on countries that produce synthetic drugs Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate a report— (1) identifying the countries the Secretary determines are the principal producers of synthetic drugs trafficked into the United States; (2) assessing how and why those countries are producing such drugs; and (3) describing measures the Secretary plans to take to reduce the flow of such drugs into the United States. 202. GAO report on international mail and cargo screening Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Congress a report reviewing the impact of High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas program on illicit fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances imported through international mail and cargo, including discussion of the following: (1) The volume of fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances being imported into the country by means of international mail and cargo. (2) The potential impact of increased screening for illicit fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances on— (A) deterring drug trafficking in the United States; (B) interdicting fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances that were manufactured outside of the United States and intended, or attempted, to be imported into the United States; (C) the number of Federal criminal prosecutions based on the manufacture, distribution, or possession of fentanyl or fentanyl-related substances, disaggregated by demographic data, including sex, race, and ethnicity, of the offender; (D) the charges brought in such prosecutions; (E) the impacts of prosecutions on reducing demand and availability to users; and (F) the development of new fentanyl-related substances. (3) The need for non-invasive technology in screening for fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances, taking into account the findings pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2). III Overdose Prevention and Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs 301. Opioid treatment education Part D of title V of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 290dd et seq. 553. Opioid treatment education (a) In general The Secretary shall award grants to States and local governmental entities to provide education to stakeholders, including health care providers, criminal justice professionals, and substance use disorder treatment personnel, on the current state of research on treatment for opioid use disorder, including— (1) the use of opioid agonists or partial agonists; and (2) the potential benefits of the use of opioid agonists or partial agonists for affected individuals. (b) Report Not later than one year after the date of enactment of the STOP Fentanyl Overdoses Act of 2023 (1) The number of people reached by educational materials funded pursuant to this section. (2) The geographic areas where people received such educational materials. (3) The remaining populations and areas targeted for awareness of educational materials, including the characteristics of such populations and areas such as the type of stakeholder and geographic area. (4) The select outcomes of education funded pursuant to this section as determined by the Secretary. . 302. Study on naloxone access (a) In general The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study on actions that may be taken to ensure appropriate access and affordability of naloxone for individuals seeking to purchase naloxone. Such study shall address what is known about— (1) coverage of naloxone (in any available form), including whether naloxone can be covered as an over-the-counter drug under a group health plan or group or individual health insurance coverage (as such terms are defined in section 2791 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 300gg–91 42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq. 42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq. (2) the out-of-pocket cost to consumers purchasing naloxone— (A) with a prescription, with and without coverage under any such plan or coverage; (B) over-the-counter, with and without coverage under any such plan or coverage; and (C) pursuant to a standing order; and (3) other factors impacting coverage, including barriers in covering naloxone as an over-the-counter drug, the relative net costs of naloxone when purchased over-the-counter without insurance coverage compared to when purchased with a prescription and covered under a group health plan or health insurance coverage, and the availability of naloxone purchased and distributed through public health entities. (b) Report Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report that contains the findings of the study conducted under subsection (a). 303. Increasing access to medication for opioid overdose reversal (a) Transactions Section 581(24)(B) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360eee(24)(B) (1) by redesignating clauses (xvii) and (xviii) as clauses (xviii) and (xix), respectively; and (2) by inserting after clause (xvi) the following: (xvii) the distribution of an opioid antagonist indicated for emergency treatment of opioid overdose, such as naloxone, by or to an overdose prevention, syringe services program, or other harm reduction service; . (b) Wholesale distribution Section 503(e)(4) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 353(e)(4) (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (R) and (S) as subparagraphs (S) and (T), respectively; and (2) by inserting after subparagraph (Q) the following: (R) the distribution of an opioid antagonist indicated for emergency treatment of opioid overdose, such as naloxone, by or to an overdose prevention, syringe services program, or other harm reduction service; . 304. Grant program on harms of drug misuse Part D of title V of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 290dd et seq. 554. Grant program on harms of drug misuse (a) In general The Assistant Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall award grants to States and political subdivisions of States to support the delivery of overdose prevention services, including distribution of Food and Drug Administration-approved opioid reversal agents such as naloxone, fentanyl strips, and other harm reduction services that address the harms of drug misuse, including by— (1) connecting individuals at risk for, or with, a substance use disorder to overdose education, counseling, and health education; and (2) encouraging such individuals to take steps to reduce the harms associated with substance misuse. (b) Considerations In awarding grants under this section, the Assistant Secretary shall prioritize grants to applicants that are— (1) organizations providing culturally competent care in terms of considerations based on race, language, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, or disability; or (2) proposing to serve areas with— (A) a higher proportion of the population who meet criteria for dependence on, or abuse of, illicit drugs; (B) a higher drug overdose death rate; and (C) a greater behavioral health and substance use disorder workforce need. (c) Special considerations A recipient of a grant under this section for the purposes described in subsection (a)(2) shall provide overdose prevention services, as follows: (1) Ensure that not less than 60 percent of the grant funds are used for harm reduction programs. (2) Prioritize the delivery of opioid antagonists to— (A) people who use opioids or illicit drugs; (B) families of such people; (C) first responders such as law enforcement personnel and nonemergency services such as fire fighters and park rangers; and (D) community service providers, such as library, school, and public transportation personnel. (d) Use of grant awards A recipient of a grant under this section may use grant funds for the following: (1) Adapting, maintaining, and expanding essential services provided by harm reduction service organizations to address the risks of drug overdose and contraction of infectious disease. (2) Maintaining or hiring staff. (3) Supporting program operational costs, including staff, rent, and vehicle purchase or maintenance. (4) Program supplies. (5) Support and case management services. . 305. Good Samaritan immunity (a) In general Part B of title II of the Public Health Service Act is amended by inserting after section 248 of such Act ( 42 U.S.C. 238q 249. Good Samaritan immunity (a) Limitation on civil liability for individuals who administer opioid overdose reversal drugs (1) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of law, except as provided in paragraph (2), no individual shall be liable in any Federal or State proceeding for harm caused by the emergency administration of an opioid overdose reversal drug to an individual who has or reasonably appears to have suffered an overdose from heroin or another opioid, if the individual who administers the opioid overdose reversal drug does so in good faith. (2) Exception Paragraph (1) shall not apply to an individual if the harm was caused by the gross negligence or reckless misconduct of the individual who administers the drug. (3) Definitions In this subsection: (A) The term health care professional (B) The term opioid overdose reversal drug (C) The term opioid overdose prevention program (i) to individuals at risk of experiencing an opioid overdose; or (ii) to an individual in a position to assist another individual at risk of experiencing an opioid overdose. (b) Immunity from liability (1) In general An individual who, in good faith and in a timely manner— (A) seeks medical assistance for another individual who is experiencing a drug overdose, or (B) seeks medical assistance for himself or herself for a drug overdose, or is the subject of a request for medical assistance described in subparagraph (A), shall not be cited, arrested, prosecuted, criminally liable, or subject to any sanction for a violation of a condition of supervised release under section 404 of the Controlled Substances Act for the possession or use of a controlled substance, or under any other provision of Federal law regulating the misuse of prescription drugs, as a result of seeking such medical assistance. (2) Preemption This subsection preempts the laws of a State or any political subdivision of a State to the extent that such laws are inconsistent with this section, unless such laws provide greater protection from liability. (3) Definitions In this section: (A) The term controlled substance (B) The term drug overdose (C) The term prescription drug (D) The terms seeks medical assistance seeking such medical assistance (i) reporting a drug or alcohol overdose or other medical emergency to a law enforcement authority, the 9–1–1 system, a poison control center, or a medical provider; (ii) assisting another individual who is making a report described in clause (i); or (iii) providing care to someone who is experiencing a drug or alcohol overdose or other medical emergency while awaiting the arrival of medical assistance. . (b) Public awareness campaign The Secretary of Health and Human Services, in coordination with the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration, shall carry out a campaign to increase public awareness of the limitations on civil and criminal liability established by section 249 of the Public Health Service Act, as added by subsection (a). 306. Report on overdose prevention centers The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine under which the Academies agree to— (1) not later than two years after the date of enactment of this Act, submit to the Congress a report on overdose prevention centers; and (2) include in such report— (A) identification of barriers to operating overdose prevention centers; (B) a compilation of the data available to measure effectiveness of overdose prevention centers on reducing overdose deaths, and improving access to medication for opioid use disorder and recovery services; (C) identification of best practices to promote individual and community public health, provide resources to individuals and families, improve access to substance use disorder and behavioral health services, and reduce stigma; (D) recommendations for developing integrated care settings inclusive of overdose prevention sites and incorporating overdose prevention sites into referral networks; and (E) approaches to overdose prevention services that may serve as effective strategies for recovery for people using fentanyl. 307. Prisons and substance use disorder treatment (a) Prisons and medication-Assisted treatment The Director of the Bureau of Prisons, in collaboration with the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy, shall establish a program to offer to individuals in the custody of the Bureau of Prisons— (1) drugs that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of a substance use disorder; (2) counseling and other psychosocial treatments for the treatment of substance use disorders; and (3) evidence-based withdrawal management services. (b) Residential substance abuse treatment for State prisoners Section 1904(d) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10424(d) (1) by striking means (1) means ; (2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (2) includes any drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of substance use disorder. .

Summary: Support, Treatment, and Overdose Prevention of Fentanyl Overdoses Act of 2023 or the STOP Fentanyl Overdoses Act of 2023This bill addresses data collection, treatment, harm reduction, and other issues related to substance misuse and addiction. It particularly focuses on opioids, fentanyl, and related substances. Specifically, the bill expands surveillance of fentanyl and related substances. This includes requiring a study on how to track overdoses by type of drug (including fentanyl) and awarding grants to states for collecting data about fentanyl-involved overdoses. The bill also provides for (1) training on detecting and handling fentanyl for law enforcement, and (2) grants for forensic laboratories to facilitate surveillance of controlled substances seized by law enforcement. Additionally, the bill establishes and modifies requirements to increase access to treatment and prevention services. For example, the Bureau of Prisons must make certain services, including medication-assisted treatments, available to individuals in its custody. The bill also establishes grants and requires other efforts to expand access to medications that temporarily reverse opioid overdoses (e.g., naloxone) and related harm reduction activities. Furthermore, the bill extends, subject to some conditions, liability protections for those who administer aid in an emergency (commonly known as Good Samaritan laws) to individuals who administer opioid overdose reversal drugs and to individuals who seek medical attention for themselves or on behalf of another for a drug overdose. The bill also requires multiple reports, including a report by the Department of State on foreign sources of certain drugs.