DHS Accountability Act of 2016

To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to reform, streamline, and make improvements to the Department of Homeland Security and support the Department’s efforts to implement better policy, planning, management, and performance, and for other purposes. 1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the DHS Accountability Act of 2016 (b) Table of contents The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions. TITLE I—Department management and coordination Sec. 101. Management and execution. Sec. 102. Department coordination. Sec. 103. National Operations Center. Sec. 104. Homeland Security Advisory Council. Sec. 105. Strategy, policy, and plans. Sec. 106. Authorization of the Office for Partnerships Against Violent Extremism of the Department of Homeland Security. TITLE II—Department accountability, efficiency, and workforce reforms Sec. 201. Duplication review. Sec. 202. Information technology strategic plan. Sec. 203. Software licensing. Sec. 204. Workforce strategy. Sec. 205. Whistleblower protections. Sec. 206. Cost savings and efficiency reviews. Sec. 207. Abolishment of certain offices. TITLE III—Department transparency and assessments Sec. 301. Homeland security statistics and Sec. 302. Annual homeland security assessment. Sec. 303. Department transparency. Sec. 304. Transparency in research and development. Sec. 305. Reporting on National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility. Sec. 306. Inspector General oversight of suspension and debarment. Sec. 307. Future Years Homeland Security Program. Sec. 308. Quadrennial homeland security review. Sec. 309. Reporting reduction. Sec. 310. Additional definitions. TITLE IV—Miscellaneous Sec. 401. Administrative leave. Sec. 402. United States Government review of certain foreign fighters. Sec. 403. National strategy to combat terrorist travel. Sec. 404. Northern border threat analysis. 2. Definitions In this Act: (1) Congressional homeland security committees The term congressional homeland security committees (A) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; (B) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives; (C) the Subcommittee on Subcommittee (D) the Subcommittee on Subcommittee (2) Department The term Department (3) Secretary The term Secretary I Department management and coordination 101. Management and execution (a) In general Section 103 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 113 (1) in subsection (a)(1)— (A) by striking subparagraph (F) and inserting the following: (F) An Under Secretary for Management, who shall be first assistant to the Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security for purposes of subchapter III of chapter 33 ; and (B) by adding at the end the following: (K) An Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans. ; and (2) by adding at the end the following: (g) Vacancies (1) Absence, disability, or vacancy of secretary or deputy secretary Notwithstanding section 3345 chapter 33 (2) Further order of succession Notwithstanding section 3345 chapter 33 (3) Notification of vacancies The Secretary shall notify the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives of any vacancies that require notification under sections 3345 through 3349d of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998 . (b) In general Under Secretary for Management Section 701 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 341 (1) in subsection (a)— (A) by striking paragraph (9) and inserting the following: (9) The management integration and transformation within each functional management discipline of the Department, including information technology, financial management, acquisition management, and human capital management, to ensure an efficient and orderly consolidation of functions and personnel in the Department, including— (A) the development of centralized data sources and connectivity of information systems to the greatest extent practicable to enhance program visibility, transparency, and operational effectiveness and coordination; (B) the development of standardized and automated management information to manage and oversee programs and make informed decisions to improve the efficiency of the Department; (C) the development of effective program management and regular oversight mechanisms, including clear roles and processes for program governance, sharing of best practices, and access to timely, reliable, and evaluated data on all acquisitions and investments; and (D) the overall supervision, including the conduct of internal audits and management analyses, of the programs and activities of the Department, including establishment of oversight procedures to ensure a full and effective review of the efforts by components of the Department to implement policies and procedures of the Department for management integration and transformation. ; (B) by redesignating paragraphs (10) and (11) as paragraphs (12) and (13), respectively; and (C) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following: (10) The development of a transition and succession plan, before December 1 of each year in which a Presidential election is held, to guide the transition of Department functions to a new Presidential administration, and making such plan available to the next Secretary and Under Secretary for Management and to the congressional homeland security committees. (11) Reporting to the Government Accountability Office every 6 months to demonstrate measurable, sustainable progress made in implementing the corrective action plans of the Department to address the designation of the management functions of the Department on the bi-annual high risk list of the Government Accountability Office, until the Comptroller General of the United States submits to the appropriate congressional committees written notification of removal of the high-risk designation. ; (2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following: (b) Waivers for conducting business with suspended or debarred contractors Not later than 5 days after the date on which the Chief Procurement Officer or Chief Financial Officer of the Department issues a waiver of the requirement that an agency not engage in business with a contractor or other recipient of funds listed as a party suspended or debarred from receiving contracts, grants, or other types of Federal assistance in the System for Award Management maintained by the General Services Administration, or any successor thereto, the Under Secretary for Management shall submit to the congressional homeland security committees and the Inspector General of the Department notice of the waiver and an explanation of the finding by the Under Secretary that a compelling reason exists for the waiver. ; (3) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and (4) by inserting after subsection (c) the following: (d) System for award management consultation The Under Secretary for Management shall require that all Department contracting and grant officials consult the System for Award Management (or successor system) as maintained by the General Services Administration prior to awarding a contract or grant or entering into other transactions to ascertain whether the selected contractor is excluded from receiving Federal contracts, certain subcontracts, and certain types of Federal financial and non-financial assistance and benefits. . 102. Department coordination (a) In general Title VII of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 341 et seq. 708. Department coordination (a) Definitions In this section— (1) the term joint duty training program (2) the term joint requirement (3) the term Joint Task Force (4) the term situational awareness (A) threats and trends concerning illicit trafficking and unlawful crossings; (B) the ability to forecast future shifts in such threats and trends; (C) the ability to evaluate such threats and trends at a level sufficient to create actionable plans; and (D) the operational capability to conduct continuous and integrated surveillance of the air, land, and maritime borders of the United States. (b) Department leadership councils (1) Establishment The Secretary may establish such Department leadership councils as the Secretary determines necessary to ensure coordination among leadership in the Department. (2) Function Department leadership councils shall— (A) serve as coordinating forums; (B) advise the Secretary and Deputy Secretary on Department strategy, operations, and guidance; and (C) consider and report on such other matters as the Secretary or Deputy Secretary may direct. (3) Chairperson; membership (A) Chairperson The Secretary or a designee may serve as chairperson of a Department leadership council. (B) Membership The Secretary shall determine the membership of a Department leadership council. (4) Relationship to other forums The Secretary or Deputy Secretary may delegate the authority to direct the implementation of any decision or guidance resulting from the action of a Department leadership council to any office, component, coordinator, or other senior official of the Department. (c) Joint requirements council (1) Establishment There is established within the Department a Joint Requirements Council. (2) Mission In addition to other matters assigned to it by the Secretary and Deputy Secretary, the Joint Requirements Council shall— (A) identify, assess, and validate joint requirements (including existing systems and associated capability gaps) to meet mission needs of the Department; (B) ensure that appropriate efficiencies are made among life-cycle cost, schedule, and performance objectives, and procurement quantity objectives, in the establishment and approval of joint requirements; and (C) make prioritized capability recommendations for the joint requirements approved validated (3) Chair The Secretary shall appoint a chairperson of the Joint Requirements Council, for a term of not more than 2 years, from among senior officials from components of the Department or other senior officials as designated by the Secretary. (4) Composition The Joint Requirements Council shall be composed of senior officials representing components of the Department and other senior officials as designated by the Secretary. (5) Relationship to future years homeland security program The Secretary shall ensure that the Future Years Homeland Security Program required under section 874 is consistent with the recommendations of the Joint Requirements Council under paragraph (2)(C) of this subsection, as affirmed by the Secretary, the Deputy Secretary, or the chairperson of a Department leadership council designated by the Secretary under that paragraph. (d) Joint operational plans (1) Planning and guidance The Secretary may direct the development of Joint Operational Plans for the Department and issue planning guidance for such development. (2) Coordination The Secretary shall ensure coordination between requirements derived from Joint Operational Plans and the Future Years Homeland Security Program required under section 874. (3) Limitation Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to affect the national emergency management authorities and responsibilities of the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency under title V. (e) Joint task forces (1) Establishment The Secretary may establish and operate Departmental Joint Task Forces to conduct joint operations using personnel and capabilities of the Department. (2) Joint task force directors (A) Director Each Joint Task Force shall be headed by a Director appointed by the Secretary for a term of not more than 2 years, who shall be a senior official of the Department. (B) Extension The Secretary may extend the appointment of a Director of a Joint Task Force for not more than 2 years if the Secretary determines that such an extension is in the best interest of the Department. (3) Joint task force deputy directors For each Joint Task Force, the Secretary shall appoint a Deputy Director who shall be an official of a different component or office of the Department (4) Responsibilities The Director of a Joint Task Force, subject to the oversight, direction, and guidance of the Secretary, shall— (A) maintain situational awareness within the areas of responsibility of the Joint Task Force, as determined by the Secretary; (B) provide operational plans and requirements for standard operating procedures and contingency operations; (C) plan and execute joint task force activities within the areas of responsibility of the Joint Task Force, as determined by the Secretary; (D) set and accomplish strategic objectives through integrated operational planning and execution; (E) exercise operational direction over personnel and equipment from components and offices of the Department allocated to the Joint Task Force to accomplish the objectives of the Joint Task Force; (F) establish operational and investigative priorities within the operating areas of the Joint Task Force; (G) coordinate with foreign governments and other Federal, State, and local agencies, as appropriate, to carry out the mission of the Joint Task Force; and (H) carry out other duties and powers the Secretary determines appropriate. (5) Personnel and resources (A) In general The Secretary may, upon request of the Director of a Joint Task Force, and giving appropriate consideration of risk to the other primary missions of the Department, allocate on a temporary basis personnel and equipment of components and offices of the Department to a Joint Task Force. (B) Cost neutrality A Joint Task Force may not require more personnel, equipment, or resources than would be required by components of the Department in the absence of the Joint Task Force. (C) Location of operations In establishing a location of operations for a Joint Task Force, the Secretary shall, to the extent practicable, use existing facilities that integrate efforts of components of the Department and State, local, tribal, or territorial law enforcement or military entities. (D) Report The Secretary shall, at the time the budget of the President is submitted to Congress for a fiscal year under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, submit to the congressional homeland security committees a report on the total funding, personnel, and other resources that each component of the Department allocated to each Joint Task Force to carry out the mission of the Joint Task Force during the fiscal year immediately preceding the report. (6) Component resource authority As directed by the Secretary— (A) each Director of a Joint Task Force shall be provided sufficient resources from relevant components and offices of the Department and the authority necessary to carry out the missions and responsibilities required under this section; (B) the resources referred to in subparagraph (A) shall be under the operational authority, direction, and control of the Director of the Joint Task Force to which the resources are assigned; and (C) the personnel and equipment of each Joint Task Force shall remain under the administrative direction of the executive agent for the Joint Task Force. (7) Joint task force staff Each Joint Task Force shall have a staff, composed of officials from relevant components, to assist the Director in carrying out the mission and responsibilities of the Joint Task Force. (8) Establishment of performance metrics The Secretary shall— (A) establish outcome-based and other appropriate performance metrics to evaluate the effectiveness of each Joint Task Force; (B) not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this section, submit the metrics established under subparagraph (A) to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives; and (C) not later than January 31 , 2017, and each year thereafter of each year beginning in 2017 (9) Joint duty training program (A) In general The Secretary shall— (i) establish a joint duty training program in the Department for the purposes of— (I) enhancing coordination within the Department; and (II) promoting workforce professional development; and (ii) tailor the joint duty training program to improve joint operations as part of the Joint Task Forces. (B) Elements The joint duty training program established under subparagraph (A) shall address, at a minimum, the following topics: (i) National security strategy. (ii) Strategic and contingency planning. (iii) Command and control of operations under joint command. (iv) International engagement. (v) The homeland security enterprise. (vi) Interagency collaboration. (vii) Leadership. (viii) Specific subject matter relevant to the Joint Task Force to which the joint duty training program is assigned. (C) Training required (i) Directors and deputy directors Except as provided in clauses (iii) and (iv), an individual shall complete the joint duty training program before being appointed Director or Deputy Director of a Joint Task Force. (ii) Joint task force staff Each official serving on the staff of a Joint Task Force shall complete the joint duty training program within the first year of assignment to the Joint Task Force. (iii) Exception Clause (i) shall not apply to the first Director or Deputy Director appointed to a Joint Task Force on or after the date of enactment of this section. (iv) Waiver The Secretary may waive clause (i) if the Secretary determines that such a waiver is in the interest of homeland security. (10) Establishing joint task forces Subject to paragraph (13), the Secretary may establish Joint Task Forces for the purposes of— (A) coordinating and directing operations along the land and maritime borders of the United States; (B) cybersecurity; and (C) preventing, preparing for, and responding to other homeland security matters, as determined by the Secretary. (11) Notification of joint task force formation (A) In general Not later than 90 days before establishing a Joint Task Force under this subsection, the Secretary shall submit a notification to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives. (B) Waiver authority The Secretary may waive the requirement under subparagraph (A) in the event of an emergency circumstance that imminently threatens the protection of human life or the protection of property. (12) Review (A) In general The Inspector General of the Department shall conduct a review of the Joint Task Forces established under this subsection. (B) Contents The review required under subparagraph (A) shall include— (i) an assessment of the effectiveness of the structure of each Joint Task Force; and (ii) recommendations for enhancements to that structure to strengthen the effectiveness of the Joint Task Force. (C) Submission The Inspector General of the Department shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives— (i) an initial report that contains the evaluation described in subparagraph (A) by not later than January 31, 2018; and (ii) a second report that contains the evaluation described in subparagraph (A) by not later than January 31, 2021. (13) Limitation on joint task forces (A) In general The Secretary may not establish a Joint Task Force for any major disaster or emergency declared under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ( 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (i) do not include operational functions related to incident management, including coordination of operations; and (ii) are consistent with the requirements of paragraphs (3) and (4)(A) of section 503(c) and section 509(c) of this Act and section 302 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ( 42 U.S.C. 5143 (B) Responsibilities and functions not reduced Nothing in this section shall be construed to reduce the responsibilities or functions of the Federal Emergency Management Agency or the Administrator thereof under title V of this Act and any other provision of law, including the diversion of any asset, function, or mission from the Federal Emergency Management Agency or the Administrator thereof pursuant to section 506. (f) Joint duty assignment program The Secretary may establish a joint duty assignment program within the Department for the purposes of enhancing coordination in the Department and promoting workforce professional development. . (b) Technical and conforming amendment The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( Public Law 107–296 , as amended by this Act, Sec. 708. Department coordination. . 103. National Operations Center Section 515 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 321d (1) in subsection (a)— (A) by striking emergency managers and decision makers emergency managers, decision makers, and other appropriate officials (B) by inserting and steady-state activity (2) in subsection (b)— (A) in paragraph (1)— (i) by striking and tribal governments tribal, and territorial governments, the private sector, and international partners and (ii) by striking in the event of for events, threats, and incidents involving and (iii) by striking and (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and (C) by adding at the end the following: (3) enter into agreements with other Federal operations centers and other homeland security partners, as appropriate, to facilitate the sharing of information. ; (3) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d); and (4) by inserting after subsection (b) the following: (c) Reporting requirements Each Federal agency shall provide the National Operations Center with timely information— (1) relating to events, threats, and incidents involving a natural disaster, act of terrorism, or other man-made disaster; (2) concerning the status and potential vulnerability of the critical infrastructure and key resources of the United States; (3) relevant to the mission of the Department of Homeland Security (4) as may be requested by the Secretary under section 202. ; and (5) in subsection (d), as so redesignated— (A) in the subsection heading, by striking Fire service Emergency Responder (B) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following: (1) Establishment of positions The Secretary shall establish a position, on a rotating basis, for a representative of State and local emergency responders at the National Operations Center established under subsection (b) to ensure the effective sharing of information between the Federal Government and State and local emergency response services. ; (C) by striking paragraph (2); and (D) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (2). 104. Homeland Security Advisory Council (a) In general Section 102(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 112(b) (1) in paragraph (2), by striking and (2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (4) shall establish a Homeland Security Advisory Council to provide advice and recommendations on homeland security and homeland security-related matters. . 105. Strategy, policy, and plans (a) In general Title VII of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 341 et seq. 709. Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans (a) In general There is established in the Department an Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans. (b) Head of office The Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans shall be headed by an Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, who shall serve as the principal policy advisor to the Secretary and be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. (c) Functions The Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans shall— (1) lead, conduct, and coordinate Department-wide policy development and implementation and strategic planning; (2) develop and coordinate policies to promote and ensure quality, consistency, and integration for the programs, offices, and activities across the Department; (3) develop and coordinate strategic plans and long-term goals of the Department with risk-based analysis and planning to improve operational mission effectiveness, including leading and conducting the quadrennial homeland security review under section 707; (4) manage Department leadership councils and provide analytics and support to such councils; (5) manage international coordination and engagement for the Department; (6) review and incorporate, as appropriate, external stakeholder feedback into Department policy; and (7) carry out such other responsibilities as the Secretary determines appropriate. (d) Coordination by department components To ensure consistency with the policy priorities of the Department, the head of each component of the Department shall coordinate with the Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans in establishing or modifying policies or strategic planning guidance. (e) Homeland security statistics and joint analysis (1) Homeland security statistics The Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans shall— (A) establish standards of reliability and validity for statistical data collected and analyzed by the Department; (B) be provided with statistical data maintained by the Department regarding the operations of the Department; (C) conduct or oversee analysis and reporting of such data by the Department as required by law or directed by the Secretary; and (D) ensure the accuracy of metrics and statistical data provided to Congress. (2) Transfer of responsibilities There shall be transferred to the Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans the maintenance of all immigration statistical information of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, which shall include information and statistics of the type contained in the publication entitled Yearbook of Immigration Statistics . (b) Technical and conforming amendment The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( Public Law 107–296 , as amended by this Act, Sec. 709. Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans. . 106. Authorization of the Office for Partnerships Against Violent Extremism of the Department of Homeland Security (a) In general The Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 101 et seq. (1) by inserting after section 801 the following: 802. Office for Partnerships Against Violent Extremism (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Administrator The term Administrator (2) Assistant secretary The term Assistant Secretary (3) Countering violent extremism The term countering violent extremism (4) Domestic terrorism; international terrorism The terms domestic terrorism international terrorism (5) Radicalization The term radicalization (6) Violent extremism The term violent extremism (b) Establishment There is in the Department an Office for Partnerships Against Violent Extremism. (c) Head of office The Office for Partnerships Against Violent Extremism shall be headed by an Assistant Secretary for Partnerships Against Violent Extremism, who shall be designated by the Secretary and report directly to the Secretary. (d) Deputy assistant secretary; assignment of personnel The Secretary shall— (1) designate a career Deputy Assistant Secretary for Partnerships Against Violent Extremism; and (2) assign or hire, as appropriate, permanent staff to the Office for Partnerships Against Violent Extremism. (e) Responsibilities (1) In general The Assistant Secretary shall be responsible for the following: (A) Leading the efforts of the Department to counter violent extremism across all the components and offices of the Department that conduct strategic and supportive efforts to counter violent extremism. Such efforts shall include the following: (i) Partnering with communities to address vulnerabilities that can be exploited by violent extremists in the United States and explore potential remedies for government and non-government nongovernment (ii) Working with civil society groups and communities to counter violent extremist propaganda, messaging, or recruitment. (iii) In coordination with the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties of the Department, managing the outreach and engagement efforts of the Department directed toward communities at risk for radicalization and recruitment for violent extremist activities. (iv) Ensuring relevant information, research, and products inform efforts to counter violent extremism. (v) Developing and maintaining Department-wide strategy, plans, policies, and programs to counter violent extremism. Such plans shall, at a minimum, address each of the following: (I) The Department’s plan to leverage new and existing Internet and other technologies and social media platforms to improve non-government nongovernment (II) The Department’s countering violent extremism-related engagement efforts. (III) The use of cooperative agreements with State, local, tribal, territorial, and other Federal departments and agencies responsible for efforts relating to countering violent extremism. (vi) Coordinating with the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties of the Department to ensure all of the activities of the Department related to countering violent extremism fully respect the privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties of all persons. (vii) In coordination with the Under Secretary for Science and Technology and in consultation with the Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis, identifying and recommending new empirical research and analysis requirements to ensure the dissemination of information and methods for Federal, State, local, tribal, and territorial countering violent extremism practitioners, officials, law enforcement personnel, and non-governmental nongovernmental (viii) Assessing the methods used by violent extremists to disseminate propaganda and messaging to communities at risk for recruitment by violent extremists. (B) Developing a digital engagement strategy that expands the outreach efforts of the Department to counter violent extremist messaging by— (i) exploring ways to utilize relevant Internet and other technologies and social media platforms; and (ii) maximizing other resources available to the Department. (C) Serving as the primary representative of the Department in coordinating countering violent extremism efforts with other Federal departments and agencies and non-governmental nongovernmental (D) Serving as the primary Department-level representative in coordinating with the Department of State on international countering violent extremism issues. (E) In coordination with the Administrator, providing guidance regarding the use of grants made to State, local, and tribal governments under sections 2003 and 2004 under the allowable uses guidelines related to countering violent extremism. (F) Developing a plan to expand philanthropic support for domestic efforts related to countering violent extremism, including by identifying viable community projects and needs for possible philanthropic support. (2) Communities at risk For purposes of this subsection, the term communities at risk (f) Strategy To counter violent extremism in the united states (1) Strategy Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a comprehensive Department strategy to counter violent extremism in the United States. (2) Contents of strategy The strategy required under paragraph (1) shall, at a minimum, address each of the following: (A) The Department’s digital engagement effort, including a plan to leverage new and existing Internet, digital, and other technologies and social media platforms to counter violent extremism, as well as the best practices and lessons learned from other Federal, State, local, tribal, territorial, non-governmental nongovernmental (B) The Department’s countering violent extremism-related engagement and outreach activities. (C) The use of cooperative agreements with State, local, tribal, territorial, and other Federal departments and agencies responsible for activities relating to countering violent extremism. (D) Ensuring all activities related to countering violent extremism adhere to relevant Department and applicable Department of Justice guidance regarding privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties, including safeguards against discrimination. (E) The development of qualitative and quantitative outcome-based metrics to evaluate the Department’s programs and policies to counter violent extremism. (F) An analysis of the homeland security risk posed by violent extremism based on the threat environment and empirical data assessing terrorist activities and incidents, and violent extremist propaganda, messaging, or recruitment. (G) Information on the Department’s near-term, mid-term, and long-term risk-based goals for countering violent extremism, reflecting the risk analysis conducted under subparagraph (F). (3) Strategic considerations In drafting the strategy required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider including the following: (A) Departmental efforts to undertake research to improve the Department’s understanding of the risk of violent extremism and to identify ways to improve countering violent extremism activities and programs, including outreach, training, and information sharing programs. (B) The Department’s nondiscrimination policies as they relate to countering violent extremism. (C) Departmental efforts to help promote community engagement and partnerships to counter violent extremism in furtherance of the strategy. (D) Departmental efforts to help increase support for programs and initiatives to counter violent extremism of other Federal, State, local, tribal, territorial, non-governmental nongovernmental (E) Departmental efforts to disseminate to local law enforcement agencies and the general public information on resources, such as training guidance, workshop reports, and the violent extremist threat, through multiple platforms, including the development of a dedicated webpage, and information regarding the effectiveness of those efforts. (F) Departmental efforts to use cooperative agreements with State, local, tribal, territorial, and other Federal departments and agencies responsible for efforts relating to countering violent extremism, and information regarding the effectiveness of those efforts. (G) Information on oversight mechanisms and protections to ensure that activities and programs undertaken pursuant to the strategy adhere to all relevant constitutional, legal, and privacy protections. (H) Departmental efforts to conduct oversight of all countering violent extremism training and training materials and other resources developed or funded by the Department. (I) Departmental efforts to foster transparency by making, to the extent practicable, all regulations, guidance, documents, policies, and training materials publicly available, including through any webpage developed under subparagraph (E). (4) Strategic implementation plan (A) In general Not later than 90 days after the date on which the Secretary submits the strategy required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives an implementation plan for each of the components and offices of the Department with responsibilities under the strategy. (B) Contents The implementation plan required under subparagraph (A) shall include an integrated master schedule and cost estimate for activities and programs contained in the implementation plan, with specificity on how each such activity and program aligns with near-term, mid-term, and long-term goals specified in the strategy required under paragraph (1). (g) Annual report Not later than April 1, 2017, and annually thereafter, the Assistant Secretary shall submit to Congress an annual report on the Office for Partnerships Against Violent Extremism, which shall include the following: (1) A description of the status of the programs and policies of the Department for countering violent extremism in the United States. (2) A description of the efforts of the Office for Partnerships Against Violent Extremism to cooperate with and provide assistance to other Federal departments and agencies. (3) Qualitative and quantitative metrics for evaluating the success of such programs and policies and the steps taken to evaluate the success of such programs and policies. (4) An accounting of— (A) grants and cooperative agreements awarded by the Department to counter violent extremism; and (B) all training specifically aimed at countering violent extremism sponsored by the Department. (5) An analysis of how the Department’s activities to counter violent extremism correspond and adapt to the threat environment. (6) A summary of how civil rights and civil liberties are protected in the Department’s activities to counter violent extremism. (7) An evaluation of the use of section 2003 and section 2004 grants and cooperative agreements awarded to support efforts of local communities in the United States to counter violent extremism, including information on the effectiveness of such grants and cooperative agreements in countering violent extremism. (8) A description of how the Office for Partnerships Against Violent Extremism incorporated lessons learned from the countering violent extremism programs and policies of foreign, State, local, tribal, and territorial governments and stakeholder communities. (h) Annual review Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, and every year thereafter, the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties of the Department shall— (1) conduct a review of the Office for Partnerships Against Violent Extremism activities to ensure that all of the activities of the Office related to countering violent extremism respect the privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties of all persons; and (2) make publicly available on the website of the Department a report containing the results of the review conducted under paragraph (1). ; and (2) in section 2008(b)(1)— (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking or (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; or (C) by adding at the end the following: (C) to support any organization or group which has knowingly or recklessly funded domestic terrorism or international terrorism (as those terms are defined in section 2331 of title 18, United States Code) or organization or group known to engage in or recruit to such activities, as determined by the Assistant Secretary for Partnerships Against Violent Extremism in consultation with the Administrator and the heads of other appropriate Federal departments and agencies. . (b) Technical and conforming amendment The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( Public Law 107–296 , as amended by this Act, Sec. 802. Office for Partnerships Against Violent Extremism. . (c) Sunset Effective on the date that is 7 years after the date of enactment of this Act— (1) section 802 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, as added by subsection (a), is repealed; and (2) the table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( Public Law 107–296 II Department accountability, efficiency, and workforce reforms 201. Duplication review (a) In general The Secretary shall— (1) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, complete a review of the international affairs offices, functions, and responsibilities of the Department to identify and eliminate areas of unnecessary duplication; and (2) not later than 30 days after the date on which the Secretary completes the review under subparagraph (A) paragraph (1) (b) Report Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional homeland security committees an action plan, including corrective steps and an estimated date of completion, to address areas of duplication, fragmentation, and overlap and opportunities for cost savings and revenue enhancement, as identified by the Government Accountability Office based on the annual report of the Government Accountability Office entitled Additional Opportunities to Reduce Fragmentation, Overlap, and Duplication and Achieve Other Financial Benefits (b) (c) Exclusion This subsection section United States 202. Information technology strategic plan (a) In general Section 703 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 343 (c) Strategic plans Consistent with the timing set forth in section 306(a) of title 5, United States Code, and the requirements under section 3506 of title 44, United States Code, the Chief Information Officer shall develop, make public, and submit to the congressional homeland security committees an information technology strategic plan, which shall include how— (1) information technology will be leveraged to meet the priority goals and strategic objectives of the Department; (2) the budget of the Department aligns with priorities specified in the information technology strategic plan; (3) unnecessary unnecessarily , and an estimated date for the identification and elimination of duplicative information technology within and across the Department (4) the Chief Information Officer will coordinate with components of the Department to ensure that information technology policies are effectively and efficiently implemented across the Department; (5) a list of information technology projects, including completion dates, will be made available to the public and Congress; (6) the Chief Information Officer will inform Congress of high risk projects and cybersecurity risks; and (7) the Chief Information Officer plans to maximize the use and purchase of commercial off-the-shelf information technology products and services. . 203. Software licensing (a) In general Section 703 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 343 (d) Software licensing (1) In general Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, and every 2 years thereafter, the Chief Information Officer, in consultation with Chief Information Officers of components of the Department, shall— (A) conduct a Department-wide inventory of all existing software licenses held by the Department, including utilized and unutilized licenses; (B) assess the needs of the Department for software licenses for the subsequent 2 fiscal years; (C) assess the actions that could be carried out by the Department to achieve the greatest possible economies of scale and cost savings in the procurement of software licenses; (D) determine how the use of technological advancements will impact the needs for software licenses for the subsequent 2 fiscal years; (E) establish plans and estimated costs for eliminating unutilized software licenses for the subsequent 2 fiscal years; and (F) consult with the Federal Chief Information Officer to identify best practices in the Federal government Government (2) Excess software licensing (A) Plan to reduce software licenses If the Chief Information Officer determines through the inventory conducted under paragraph (1)(A) that the number of software licenses held by the Department exceed the needs of the Department as assessed under paragraph (1)(B), the Secretary, not later than 90 days after the date on which the inventory is completed, shall establish a plan for bringing the number of such software licenses into balance with such needs of the Department. (B) Prohibition on procurement of excess software licenses (i) In general Except as provided in clause (ii), upon completion of a plan established under paragraph (1) subparagraph (ii) Exception The Chief Information Officer may authorize the purchase of additional licenses and amend the number of needed licenses as necessary. (3) Submission to congress The Chief Information Officer shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives a copy of each inventory conducted under paragraph (1)(A), each plan established under paragraph (2)(A), and each exception exercised under paragraph (2)(B)(ii). . (b) GAO review Not later than 1 year after the date on which the results of the first inventory are submitted to Congress under subsection 703(d) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, as added by subsection (a), the Comptroller General of the United States shall assess whether the Department complied with the requirements under paragraphs (1) and (2)(A) of such section 703(d) and provide the results of the review to the congressional homeland security committees. 204. Workforce strategy Section 704 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 343 (a) In general Section 704 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 343 (1) by striking The Chief Human Capital Officer (a) In general The Chief Human Capital Officer ; and (2) by adding at the end the following: 704. Chief Human Capital Officer (a) In general There is a Chief Human Capital Officer of the Department, who shall report directly to the Under Secretary for Management. (b) Responsibilities In addition to the responsibilities set forth in chapter 14 (1) develop and implement strategic workforce planning policies that are consistent with Government-wide leading principles and in line with Department strategic human capital goals and priorities; (2) develop performance measures to provide a basis for monitoring and evaluating Department-wide strategic workforce planning efforts; (3) develop, improve, and implement policies, including compensation flexibilities available to Federal agencies where appropriate, to recruit, hire, train, and retain the workforce of the Department, in coordination with all components of the Department; (4) identify methods for managing and overseeing human capital programs and initiatives, in coordination with the head of each component of the Department; (5) develop a career path framework and create opportunities for leader development in coordination with all components of the Department; (6) lead the efforts of the Department for managing employee resources, including training and development opportunities, in coordination with each component of the Department; (7) work to ensure the Department is implementing human capital programs and initiatives and effectively educating each component of the Department about these programs and initiatives; (8) identify and eliminate unnecessary and duplicative human capital policies and guidance; (9) provide input concerning the hiring and performance of the Chief Human Capital Officer or comparable official in each component of the Department; and (10) ensure that all employees of the Department are informed of their rights and remedies under chapters 12 and 23 of title 5, United States Code. (b) (c) Component strategies (1) In general Each component of the Department shall, in coordination with the Chief Human Capital Officer of the Department, develop a 5-year workforce strategy for the component that will support the goals, objectives, and performance measures of the Department for determining the proper balance of Federal employees and private labor resources. (2) Strategy requirements In developing the strategy required under paragraph (1), each component shall consider the effect on human resources associated with creating additional Federal full-time equivalent positions, converting private contractors to Federal employees, or relying on the private sector for goods and services, including— (A) hiring projections, including occupation and grade level, as well as corresponding salaries, benefits, and hiring or retention bonuses; (B) the identification of critical skills requirements over the 5-year period, any current or anticipated deficiency in critical skills required at the Department, and the training or other measures required to address those deficiencies in skills; (C) recruitment of qualified candidates and retention of qualified employees; (D) supervisory and management requirements; (E) travel and related personnel support costs; (F) the anticipated cost and impact on mission performance associated with replacing Federal personnel due to their retirement or other attrition; and (G) other appropriate factors. (c) (d) Annual submission Not later than 90 days after the date on which the Secretary submits the annual budget justification for the Department, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional homeland security committees a report that includes a table, delineated by component with actual and enacted amounts, including— (1) information on the progress within the Department of fulfilling the workforce strategies developed under subsection (b) (c) (2) the number of on-board staffing for Federal employees from the prior fiscal year; (3) the total contract hours submitted by each prime contractor as part of the service contract inventory required under section 743 of the Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2010 (division C of Public Law 111–117 31 U.S.C. 501 (A) support service contracts; (B) federally funded research and development center contracts; and (C) science, engineering, technical, and administrative contracts; and (4) the number of full-time equivalent personnel identified under the Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1970 ( 42 U.S.C. 4701 et seq. . 205. Whistleblower protections (a) In general Section 883 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 463 883. Whistleblower protections (a) Definitions In this section— (1) the term new employee (A) appointed to a position as an employee of the Department on or after the date of enactment of the DHS Accountability Act of 2016 (B) who has not previously served as an employee of the Department; (2) the term prohibited personnel action Untied United (3) the term supervisor (4) the term whistleblower protections (b) Adverse actions (1) Proposed adverse actions In accordance with paragraph (2), the Secretary shall propose against a supervisor whom the Secretary, an administrative law judge, the Merit Systems Protection Board, the Office of Special Counsel, an adjudicating body provided under a union contract, a Federal judge, or the Inspector General of the Department determines committed a prohibited personnel action the following adverse actions: (A) With respect to the first prohibited personnel action, an adverse action that is not less than a 12-day suspension. (B) With respect to the second prohibited personnel action, removal. (2) Procedures (A) Notice A supervisor against whom an adverse action under paragraph (1) is proposed is entitled to written notice. (B) Answer and evidence (i) In general A supervisor who is notified under subparagraph (A) that the supervisor is the subject of a proposed adverse action under paragraph (1) is entitled to 14 days following such notification to answer and furnish evidence in support of the answer. (ii) No evidence After the end of the 14-day period described in clause (i), if a supervisor does not furnish evidence as described in clause (i) or if the Secretary determines that such evidence is not sufficient to reverse the proposed adverse action, the Secretary shall carry out the adverse action. (C) Scope of procedures Paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b) and subsection (c) of section 7513 of title 5, United States Code, and paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b) and subsection (c) of section 7543 of title 5, United States Code, shall not apply with respect to an adverse action carried out under this subsection. (3) Limitation No limitation With respect to a prohibited personnel action, if the Secretary carries out an adverse action against a supervisor under another provision of law, the Secretary may carry out an additional adverse action under this subsection based on the same prohibited personnel action. (c) Training for supervisors In consultation with the Special Counsel and the Inspector General of the Department, the Secretary shall provide training regarding how to respond to complaints alleging a violation of whistleblower protections available to employees of the Department— (1) to employees appointed to supervisory positions in the Department who have not previously served as a supervisor; and (2) on an annual basis, to all employees of the Department serving in a supervisory position. (d) Information on whistleblower protections (1) Responsibilities of secretary The Secretary shall be responsible for— (A) the prevention of prohibited personnel practices; (B) the compliance with and enforcement of applicable civil service laws, rules, and regulations and other aspects of personnel management; and (C) ensuring (in consultation with the Special Counsel and the Inspector General of the Department) that employees of the Department are informed of the rights and remedies available to them under chapters 12 and 23 of title 5, United States Code, including— (i) information regarding whistleblower protections available to new employees during the probationary period; (ii) the role of the Office of Special Counsel and the Merit Systems Protection Board with regard to whistleblower protections; and (iii) how to make a lawful disclosure of information that is specifically required by law or Executive order to be kept classified in the interest of national defense or the conduct of foreign affairs to the Special Counsel, the Inspector General of the Department, Congress, or other Department employee designated to receive such disclosures. (2) Timing The Secretary shall ensure that the information required to be provided under paragraph (1) is provided to each new employee of the Department (3) Information online The Secretary shall make available information regarding whistleblower protections applicable to employees of the Department on the public website of the Department, and on any online portal that is made available only to employees of the Department. (4) Delegees Any employee to whom the Secretary delegates authority for personnel management, or for any aspect thereof, shall, within the limits of the scope of the delegation, be responsible for the activities described in paragraph (1). (e) Rules of construction Nothing in this section shall be construed to exempt the Department from requirements applicable with respect to executive agencies— (1) to provide equal employment protection for employees of the Department (including pursuant to section 2302(b)(1) of title 5, United States Code, and the Notification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation Act of 2002 ( 5 U.S.C. 2301 (2) to provide whistleblower protections for employees of the Department (including pursuant to paragraphs (8) and (9) of section 2302(b) of title 5, United States Code, and the Notification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation Act of 2002 ( 5 U.S.C. 2301 . (b) Technical and conforming amendment The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( Public Law 107–296 , as amended by this Act, Sec. 883. Whistleblower protections. . 206. Cost savings and efficiency reviews Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Under Secretary for Management, shall submit to the congressional homeland security committees a report, which may include a classified or other appropriately controlled annex containing any information required to be submitted under this section that is restricted from public disclosure in accordance with Federal law, including information that is not publicly releasable, that— (1) provides a detailed accounting of the management and administrative expenditures and activities of each component of the Department and identifies potential cost savings, avoidances, and efficiencies for those expenditures and activities; (2) examines major physical assets of the Department, as defined by the Secretary; (3) reviews the size, experience level, and geographic distribution of the operational personnel of the Department; and (4) makes recommendations for adjustments in the management and administration of the Department that would reduce deficiencies in the capabilities of the Department, reduce costs, and enhance efficiencies . ; and (5) examines— (A) how employees who carry out management and administrative functions at Department headquarters coordinate with employees who carry out similar functions at— (i) each component of the Department; (ii) the Office of Personnel Management; and (iii) the General Services Administration; and (B) whether any unnecessary duplication, overlap, or fragmentation exists with respect to those functions. 207. Abolishment of certain offices (a) Abolishment of the director of shared services The position of Director of Shared Services in the Department is abolished. (b) Abolishment of the office of the director The Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 101 et seq. (1) in section 843(b)(1)(B) ( 6 U.S.C. 413(b)(1)(B) by— by the Secretary; and (2) by repealing section 878 ( 6 U.S.C. 458 (3) in the table of contents in section 1(b) ( Public Law 107–296 (1) Abolishment The Office of the Director of Counternarcotics Enforcement in the Department is abolished. (2) Technical and conforming amendment Section 843(b)(1)(B) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 413(b)(1)(B) by— by the Secretary; and III Department transparency and assessments 301. Homeland security statistics and (a) In general Section 701 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 341 (b) Homeland security statistics and joint analysis (1) Homeland security statistics The Under Secretary for Management shall— (A) establish standards of reliability and validity for statistical data collected and analyzed by the Department; (B) be provided with statistical data maintained by the Department regarding the operations of the Department; (C) conduct or oversee analysis and reporting of such data by the Department as required by law or directed by the Secretary; and (D) ensure the accuracy of metrics and statistical data provided to Congress. (2) Transfer of responsibilities There shall be transferred to the Under Secretary for Management the maintenance of all immigration statistical information of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, which shall include information and statistics of the type contained in the publication entitled Yearbook of Immigration Statistics . (b) (a) Immigration functions Section 478(a) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 298(a) (1) in paragraph (1), by striking to the Committees on the Judiciary and Government Reform of the House of Representatives, and to the Committees on the Judiciary and Government Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives, and the congressional homeland security committees (2) in paragraph (2), by adding at the end the following: (I) The number of persons known to have overstayed the terms of their visa, by visa type. (J) An estimated percentage of persons believed to have overstayed their visa, by visa type. (K) A description of immigration enforcement actions. . (c) (b) Border security metrics (1) Definitions In this subsection: (A) Appropriate congressional committees The term appropriate congressional committees (i) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate (ii) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives (iii) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate (iv) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives (B) Consequence delivery system The term Consequence Delivery System (C) Got away The term got away (i) is directly or indirectly observed making an unlawful entry into the United States; and (ii) is not a turn back and is not apprehended. (D) Known migrant flow The term known migrant flow (i) interdicted at sea; (ii) identified at sea, but not interdicted; (iii) that successfully entered the United States through the maritime border; or (iv) not described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii), which were otherwise reported, with a significant degree of certainty, as having entered, or attempted to enter, the United States through the maritime border. (E) Major violator The term major violator (i) possession of illicit drugs; (ii) smuggling of prohibited products; (iii) human smuggling; (iv) weapons possession; (v) use of fraudulent United States documents; or (vi) other offenses that are serious enough to result in arrest. (F) Situational awareness The term situational awareness (i) threats and trends concerning illicit trafficking and unlawful crossings; (ii) the ability to forecast future shifts in such threats and trends; (iii) the ability to evaluate such threats and trends at a level sufficient to create actionable plans; and (iv) the operational capability to conduct persistent and integrated surveillance of the international borders of the United States. (G) Transit zone The term transit zone (H) Turn back The term turn back (I) Unlawful border crossing effectiveness rate The term unlawful border crossing effectiveness rate (i) the number of apprehensions and turn backs; and (ii) the number of apprehensions, estimated unlawful entries, turn backs, and got aways. (J) Unlawful entry The term unlawful entry (2) Metrics for securing the border between ports of entry (A) In general Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop metrics, informed by situational awareness, to measure the effectiveness of security between ports of entry. The Secretary shall annually implement the metrics developed under this subsection subparagraph (i) estimates, using alternative methodologies, including recidivism data, survey data, known-flow data, and technologically measured data, of— (I) total attempted unlawful border crossings; (II) the rate of apprehension of attempted unlawful border crossers; and (III) the number of unlawful entries; (ii) a situational awareness achievement metric, which measures situational awareness achieved in each Border Patrol sector; (iii) an unlawful border crossing effectiveness rate; (iv) a probability of detection, which compares the estimated total unlawful border crossing attempts not detected by the Border Patrol to the unlawful border crossing effectiveness rate, as informed by clause (i); (v) an illicit drugs seizure rate for drugs seized by the Border Patrol, which compares the ratio of the amount and type of illicit drugs seized by the Border Patrol in any fiscal year to the average of the amount and type of illicit drugs seized by the Border Patrol in the immediately preceding 5 fiscal years; (vi) a weight-to-frequency rate, which compares the average weight of marijuana seized per seizure by the Border Patrol in any fiscal year to such weight-to-frequency rate for the immediately preceding 5 fiscal years; (vii) estimates of the impact of the Consequence Delivery System on the rate of recidivism of unlawful border crossers over multiple fiscal years; and (viii) an examination of each consequence referred to in clause (vii), including— (I) voluntary return; (II) warrant of arrest or notice to appear; (III) expedited removal; (IV) reinstatement of removal; (V) alien transfer exit program; (VI) Operation Streamline; (VII) standard prosecution; and (VIII) Operation Against Smugglers Initiative on Safety and Security. (B) Metrics consultation In developing the metrics required under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall— (i) consult with the appropriate components of the Department; and (ii) as appropriate, work with other agencies, including the Office of Refugee Resettlement of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Executive Office for Immigration Review of the Department of Justice, to ensure that authoritative data sources are utilized. (C) Manner of collection The data used by the Secretary shall be collected and reported in a consistent and standardized manner across all Border Patrol sectors, informed by situational awareness. (3) Metrics for securing the border at ports of entry (A) In general Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop metrics, informed by situational awareness, to measure the effectiveness of security at ports of entry. The Secretary shall annually implement the metrics developed under this subsection subparagraph (i) estimates, using alternative methodologies, including survey data and randomized secondary screening data, of— (I) total attempted inadmissible border crossings; (II) the rate of apprehension of attempted inadmissible border crossings; and (III) the number of unlawful entries; (ii) the amount and type of illicit drugs seized by the Office of Field Operations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection at United States land, air, and sea ports during the previous fiscal year; (iii) an illicit drugs seizure rate for drugs seized by the Office of Field Operations, which compares the ratio of the amount and type of illicit drugs seized by the Office of Field Operations in any fiscal year to the average of the amount and type of illicit drugs seized by the Office of Field Operations in the immediately preceding 5 fiscal years; (iv) in consultation with the Office of National Drug Control Policy and the United States Southern Command, a cocaine seizure effectiveness rate, which is the percentage resulting from dividing— (I) the amount of cocaine seized by the Office of Field Operations; and (II) the total estimated cocaine flow rate at ports of entry along the land border; (v) the number of infractions related to travelers and cargo committed by major violators who are apprehended by the Office of Field Operations at ports of entry, and the estimated number of such infractions committed by major violators who are not apprehended; (vi) a measurement of how border security operations affect crossing times, including— (I) a wait time ratio that compares the average wait times to total commercial and private vehicular traffic volumes at each port of entry; (II) an infrastructure capacity utilization rate that measures traffic volume against the physical and staffing capacity at each port of entry; (III) a secondary examination rate that measures the frequency of secondary examinations at each port of entry; and (IV) an enforcement rate that measures the effectiveness of secondary examinations at detecting major violators; and (vii) a cargo scanning rate that includes— (I) a comparison of the number of high-risk cargo containers scanned by the Office of Field Operations at each United States seaport during the fiscal year to the total number of high-risk cargo containers entering the United States at each seaport during the previous fiscal year; (II) the percentage of all cargo that is considered high-risk (III) the percentage of high-risk cargo scanned— (aa) upon arrival at a United States seaport before entering United States commerce; and (bb) before being laden on a vessel destined for the United States. (B) Metrics consultation In developing the metrics required under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall— (i) consult with the appropriate components of the Department; and (ii) as appropriate, work with other agencies, including the Office of Refugee Resettlement of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Executive Office for Immigration Review of the Department of Justice, to ensure that authoritative data sources are utilized. (C) Manner of collection The data used by the Secretary shall be collected and reported in a consistent and standardized manner across all field offices, informed by situational awareness. (4) Metrics for securing the maritime border (A) In general Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop metrics, informed by situational awareness, to measure the effectiveness of security in the maritime environment. The Secretary shall annually implement the metrics developed under this subsection subparagraph (i) situational awareness achieved in the maritime environment; (ii) an undocumented migrant interdiction rate, which compares the migrants interdicted at sea to the total known migrant flow; (iii) an illicit drugs removal rate, for drugs removed inside and outside of a transit zone, which compares the amount and type of illicit drugs removed, including drugs abandoned at sea, by the Department’s maritime security components in any fiscal year to the average of the amount and type of illicit drugs removed by the Department’s maritime components for in (iv) in consultation with the Office of National Drug Control Policy and the United States Southern Command, a cocaine removal effectiveness rate, for cocaine removed inside a transit zone and outside a transit zone ; , (v) a response rate, which compares the ability of the maritime security components of the Department to respond to and resolve known maritime threats, whether inside and or (vi) an intergovernmental response rate, which compares the ability of the maritime security components of the Department or other United States Government entities to respond to and resolve actionable maritime threats, whether inside or outside the Western Hemisphere transit zone, by targeting maritime threats in order to detect them, and of those threats detected, the total number of maritime threats interdicted or disrupted. (B) Metrics consultation In developing the metrics required under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall— (i) consult with the appropriate components of the Department; and (ii) as appropriate, work with other agencies, including the Drug Enforcement Agency, the Department of Defense, and the Department of Justice, to ensure that authoritative data sources are utilized. (C) Manner of collection The data used by the Secretary shall be collected and reported in a consistent and standardized manner, informed by situational awareness. (5) Air and marine security metrics in the land domain (A) In general Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop metrics, informed by situational awareness, to measure the effectiveness of the aviation assets and operations of the Office of Air and Marine of U.S. Customs and Border Enforcement. The Secretary shall annually implement the metrics developed under this subsection subparagraph (i) an effectiveness rate, which compares Office of Air and Marine flight hours requirements to the number of flight hours flown by such Office; (ii) a funded flight hour effectiveness rate, which compares the number of funded flight hours appropriated to the Office of Air and Marine to the number of actual flight hours flown by such Office; (iii) a readiness rate, which compares the number of aviation missions flown by the Office of Air and Marine to the number of aviation missions cancelled by such Office due to maintenance, operations, or other causes; (iv) the number of missions cancelled by such Office due to weather compared to the total planned missions; (v) the number of subjects detected by the Office of Air and Marine through the use of unmanned aerial systems and manned aircrafts; (vi) the number of apprehensions assisted by the Office of Air and Marine through the use of unmanned aerial systems and manned aircrafts; (vii) the number and quantity of illicit drug seizures assisted by the Office of Air and Marine through the use of unmanned aerial systems and manned aircrafts; and (viii) the number of times that usable intelligence related to border security was obtained through the use of unmanned aerial systems and manned aircraft. (B) Metrics consultation In developing the metrics required under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall— (i) consult with the appropriate components of the Department; and (ii) as appropriate, work with other agencies, including the Department of Justice, to ensure that authoritative data sources are utilized. (C) Manner of collection The data used by the Secretary shall be collected and reported in a consistent and standardized manner, informed by situational awareness. (c) Data transparency The Secretary shall— (1) in accordance with applicable privacy laws, make data related to apprehensions, inadmissible aliens, drug seizures, and other enforcement actions available to the public, academic research communities (2) provide the Office of Immigration Statistics of the Department with unfettered access to the data described in paragraph (1). (d) Evaluation by the government accountability office and the secretary of homeland security (1) Metrics report (A) Mandatory disclosures The Secretary shall submit an annual report containing the metrics required under paragraphs (2) through (5) of subsection (c) (b) (i) the appropriate congressional committees; and (ii) the Comptroller General of the United States. (B) Permissible disclosures The Secretary, for the purpose of validation and verification, may submit the annual report described in subparagraph (A) to— (i) the National Center for Border Security and Immigration; (ii) the head of a national laboratory within the Department laboratory network with prior expertise in border security; and (C) (iii) a Federally Funded Research and Development Center sponsored by the Department. (2) GAO report Not later than 270 days after receiving the first report under paragraph (1)(A), and biennially thereafter for the following 10 years, the Comptroller General of the United States , (A) analyzes the suitability and statistical validity of the data and methodology contained in such the submitted under paragraph (1)(A) (B) includes recommendations to Congress on— (i) the feasibility of other suitable metrics that may be used to measure the effectiveness of border security; and (ii) improvements that need to be made to the metrics being used to measure the effectiveness of border security. (3) State of the border report Not later than 60 days after the end of each fiscal year through fiscal year 2025, the Secretary shall submit a State of the Border (A) provides trends for each metric under paragraphs (2) through (5) of subsection (c) (b) (B) provides selected analysis into related aspects of illegal flow rates, including legal flows and stock estimation techniques; and (C) includes any other information that the Secretary determines appropriate. (4) Metrics update (A) In general After submitting the final report to the Comptroller General under paragraph (1), the Secretary may reevaluate and update any of the metrics required under paragraphs (2) through (5) of subsection (c) (b) (i) meet the Department’s performance management needs; and (ii) are suitable to measure the effectiveness of border security. (B) Congressional notification Not later than 30 days before updating the metrics under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall notify the appropriate congressional committees of such updates. 302. Annual homeland security assessment (a) In general Subtitle A of T 6 U.S.C. 121 et seq. 210G. Annual homeland security assessment (a) Department annual assessment (1) In general Not later than March 31 of each year beginning in the year after the date of enactment of this section, and each year thereafter for 7 years, the Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis shall prepare and submit to the congressional homeland security committees a report assessing the current threats to homeland security and the capability gaps in homeland security defenses to address such threats. (2) Form of report In carrying out paragraph (1), the Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis shall submit an unclassified report, and as necessary, a classified annex. (b) Office of inspector general annual assessment Not later than 90 days after the date on which a report required under subsection (a) is submitted to the congressional homeland security committees, the Inspector General of the Department shall prepare and submit to the congressional homeland security committees a report, which shall include an assessment of the capability gaps in homeland security defenses and recommendations for actions to mitigate those gaps. (c) Mitigation plan Not later than 90 days after the date on which a report required under subsection (b) is submitted to the congressional homeland security committees, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional homeland security committees a plan to mitigate the threats to homeland security and vulnerabilities in homeland security defenses identified in those reports. 210G. Annual homeland security assessment (a) Department annual assessment (1) In general Not later than March 31 of each year beginning in the year after the date of enactment of this section, and each year thereafter for 7 years, the Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis shall prepare and submit to the congressional homeland security committees a report assessing the current threats to homeland security and the capability of the Department to address those threats. (2) Form of report In carrying out paragraph (1), the Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis shall submit an unclassified report, and as necessary, a classified annex. (b) Office of inspector general annual assessment Not later than 90 days after the date on which a report required under subsection (a) is submitted to the congressional homeland security committees, the Inspector General of the Department shall prepare and submit to the congressional homeland security committees a report, which shall include an assessment of the capability of the Department to address the threats identified in the report required under subsection (a) and recommendations for actions to mitigate those threats. (c) Mitigation plan Not later than 90 days after the date on which a report required under subsection (b) is submitted to the congressional homeland security committees, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional homeland security committees a plan to mitigate the threats to homeland security identified in the report. . (b) Technical and conforming amendment The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( Public Law 107–296 , as amended by this Act, Sec. 210G. Annual homeland security assessment. . 303. Department transparency (a) Feasibility study The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall initiate a study to determine the feasibility of gathering data and providing information to Congress on the use of Federal grant awards, for expenditures of more than $5,000, by entities that receive a Federal grant award under the Urban Area Security Initiative and the State Homeland Security Grant Program under sections 2003 and 2004 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 604 and 605), respectively. (b) Report Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall submit to the congressional homeland security committee s 304. Transparency in research and development (a) In general Title III of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 181 et seq. 319. Transparency in research and development (a) Requirement To publicly list unclassified research & development programs (1) In general Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall maintain a detailed list, accessible on the website of the Department, of— (A) each research and development project that is not classified, and all appropriate details for each such project , including the component of the Department responsible for the project (B) each task order for a Federally Funded Research and Development Center not associated with a research and development project; and (C) each task order for a University-based center of excellence not associated with a research and development project. (2) Exceptions (A) Operational security The Secretary, or a designee of the Secretary with the rank of Assistant Secretary or above, may exclude a project from the list required under paragraph (1) if the Secretary or such designee provides to the appropriate congressional committees— (i) the information that would otherwise be required to be publicly posted under paragraph (1); and (ii) a written certification that— (I) the information that would otherwise be required to be publicly posted under paragraph (1) is controlled unclassified information, the public dissemination of which would jeopardize operational security; and (II) the publicly posted list under paragraph (1) includes as much information about the program as is feasible without jeopardizing operational security. (B) Completed projects Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a project completed or otherwise terminated before the date of enactment of this section. (3) Deadline and updates The list required under paragraph (1) shall be— (A) made publicly accessible on the website of the Department not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section; and (B) updated as frequently as possible, but not less frequently than once per quarter. (4) Definition of research and development For purposes of the list required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall publish a definition for the term research and development (b) Requirement To report to congress on classified projects Not later than January 1, 2017, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that lists each ongoing classified project at the Department, including all appropriate details of each such project. (c) Indicators of success of transitioned projects (1) In general For each project that has been transitioned from research and development to practice, the Under Secretary of for (2) Requirement To the fullest extent possible, the tracking of a project required under paragraph (1) shall continue for the 3-year period beginning on the date on which the project was transitioned from research and development to practice. (3) Indicators The indicators developed and tracked under this subsection shall be included in the list required under subsection (a). (d) Definitions In this section: (1) All appropriate details The term all appropriate details (A) the name of the project, including both classified and unclassified names if applicable; (B) the name of the component carrying out the project; (C) an abstract or summary of the project; (D) funding levels for the project; (E) project duration or timeline; (F) the name of each contractor, grantee, or cooperative agreement partner involved in the project; (G) expected objectives and milestones for the project; and (H) to the maximum extent practicable, relevant literature and patents that are associated with the project. (2) Appropriate congressional committees The term appropriate congressional committees (A) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; (B) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives; and (C) the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives. (3) Classified The term classified (A) classified national security information as defined in section 6.1 of Executive Order 13526 ( 50 U.S.C. 3161 (B) Restricted Data or data that was formerly Restricted Data, as defined in section 11y. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 ( 42 U.S.C. 2014(y) (C) material classified at the Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) level as defined in section 309 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 ( 50 U.S.C. 3345 (D) information relating to a special access program, as defined in section 6.1 of Executive Order 13526 ( 50 U.S.C. 3161 (4) Controlled unclassified information The term controlled unclassified information Controlled Unclassified Information 50 U.S.C. 3501 (5) Project The term project . (b) Technical and conforming amendment The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( Public Law 107–296 Sec. 319. Transparency in research and development. . 305. Reporting on National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility (a) In general Section 310 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 190 (e) Successor facility The National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, the planned successor facility to the Plum Island Animal Disease Center as of the date of enactment of this subsection, shall be subject to the requirements under subsections (b), (c), and (d) in the same manner and to the same extent as the Plum Island Animal Disease Center. (f) Construction of the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility (1) Report required Not later than September 30, 2016, and not less frequently than twice each year thereafter, the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the congressional homeland security committees a report on the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility that includes— (A) a review of the status of the construction of the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, including— (i) current cost and schedule estimates; (ii) any revisions to previous estimates described in clause (i); and (iii) total obligations to date; (B) a description of activities carried out to prepare for the transfer of research to the facility and the activation of that research; and (C) a description of activities that have occurred to decommission the Plum Island Animal Disease Center. (2) Sunset The reporting requirement under paragraph (1) shall terminate on the date that is 1 year after the date on which the Secretary of Homeland Security certifies to the congressional homeland security committees that construction of the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility has been completed. . (b) Review Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a review of and submit to Congress a report on the construction and future planning of the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, which shall include— (1) the extent to which cost and schedule estimates for the project conform to capital planning leading practices as determined by the Comptroller General; (2) the extent to which the project’s planning, budgeting, acquisition, and proposed management in use conform to capital planning leading practices as determined by the Comptroller General; and (3) the extent to which disposal of the Plum Island Animal Disease Center conforms to capital planning leading practices as determined by the Comptroller General. 306. Inspector General oversight of suspension and debarment Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Inspector General of the Department shall— (1) audit the award of grants and procurement contracts to identify— (A) instances in which a grant or contract was improperly awarded to a suspended or debarred entity; and (B) whether corrective actions were taken following such instances to prevent recurrence; and (2) review the suspension and debarment program throughout the Department to assess whether— (A) suspension and debarment criteria are consistently applied throughout the Department; and (B) disparities exist in the application of the criteria, particularly with respect to business size and category. 307. Future Years Homeland Security Program (a) In general Section 874 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 454 (1) in the section heading, by striking year years (2) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following: (a) In general Not later than 60 days after the date on which the budget of the President is submitted to Congress under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives (referred to in this section as the appropriate committees ; and (3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following: (c) Projection of acquisition estimates On and after February 1, 2018, each Future Years Homeland Security Program shall project— (1) acquisition estimates for the fiscal year for which the budget is submitted and the 4 succeeding fiscal years, with specified estimates for each fiscal year, for all major acquisitions by the Department and each component of the Department; and (2) estimated annual deployment schedules for all physical asset major acquisitions over the 5-fiscal-year period described in paragraph (1) and the full operating capability for all information technology major acquisitions. (d) Sensitive and classified information The Secretary may include with each Future Years Homeland Security Program a classified or other appropriately controlled document containing any information required to be submitted under this section that is restricted from public disclosure in accordance with Federal law or any Executive Order. (e) Availability of information to the public The Secretary shall make available to the public in electronic form the information required to be submitted to the appropriate committees under this section, other than information described in subsection (d). . (b) Technical and conforming amendment The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( Public Law 107–296 , as amended by this Act, Sec. 874. Future Years Homeland Security Program. . (c) Effective date The amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to each fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of this Act. 308. Quadrennial homeland security review (a) In general Section 707 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 347 (1) in subsection (b)— (A) in paragraph (5), by striking and (B) in paragraph (6), by striking the period and inserting ; and (C) by adding at the end the following: (7) review available capabilities and capacities across the homeland security enterprise and identify redundant, wasteful, or unnecessary capabilities and capacities from which resources can be redirected to better support other existing capabilities and capacities. ; and (2) in subsection (c)— (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following: (1) In general Not later than 60 days after the date on which the budget of the President is submitted to Congress under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, for the fiscal year after the fiscal year in which a quadrennial homeland security review is conducted under subsection (a)(1), the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the quadrennial homeland security review. ; and (B) in paragraph (2)— (i) in subparagraph (H), by striking and (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (I) as subparagraph (L); and (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (H) the following: (I) a description of how the conclusions under the quadrennial homeland security review will inform efforts to develop capabilities and build capacity of States, local governments, Indian tribes, territories, and private entities, and of individuals, families, and communities; (J) proposed changes to the authorities, organization, governance structure, or business processes (including acquisition processes) of the Department in order to better fulfil responsibilities of the Department; (K) if appropriate, a classified or other appropriately controlled document containing any information required to be submitted under this paragraph that is restricted from public disclosure in accordance with Federal law, including information that is not publicly releasable; and . 309. Reporting reduction (a) Office of counternarcotics annual budget review and evaluation of counternarcotics activities report Section 878 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 458 (b) (a) Office of counternarcotics seizure report Section 705(a) of the Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act of 1998 ( 21 U.S.C. 1704(a) (c) (b) Annual report on activities of the national nuclear detection office Section 1902(a)(13) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 592(a)(13) an annual a biennial (d) (c) Joint annual interagency review of global nuclear detection architecture Section 1907 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 596a (1) in subsection (a)— (A) in the subsection heading, by striking Annual Biennial (B) in paragraph (1)— (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking once each year— once every other year— (ii) in subparagraph (C)— (I) in clause (i), by striking the previous year the previous 2 years (II) in clause (iii), by striking the previous year. the previous 2 years. (C) in paragraph (2), by striking once each year, once every other year, (2) in subsection (b)— (A) in the subsection heading, by striking Annual Biennial (B) in paragraph (1), by striking of each year, of every other year, (C) in paragraph (2), by striking annual biennial 310. Additional definitions Section 2 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 101 (1) by redesignating paragraphs (13) through (18) as paragraphs (17) through (22), respectively; (2) by redesignating paragraphs (9) through (12) as paragraphs (12) through (15), respectively ; (3) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (8) as paragraphs (6) through (10), respectively; (4) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) as paragraphs (2), (3), and (4), respectively; (5) by inserting before paragraph (1) the following: (1) The term acquisition ; (6) in paragraph (3), as so redesignated— (A) by inserting (A) (3) (B) by adding at the end the following: (B) The term congressional homeland security committees (i) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; (ii) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives; (iii) the Subcommittee on Subcommittee (iv) the Subcommittee on Subcommittee ; (7) by inserting after paragraph (4), as so redesignated, the following: (5) The term best practices (A) identifying and validating needs; (B) assessing alternatives to select the most appropriate solution; (C) clearly establishing well-defined requirements; (D) developing realistic cost assessments and schedules; (E) planning stable funding that matches resources to requirements; (F) demonstrating technology, design, and manufacturing maturity; (G) using milestones and exit criteria or specific accomplishments that demonstrate progress; (H) adopting and executing standardized processes with known success across programs; (I) establishing an adequate workforce that is qualified and sufficient to perform necessary functions; and (J) integrating capabilities into the mission and business operations of the Department. ; (8) by inserting after paragraph (10), as so redesignated, the following: (11) The term homeland security enterprise non-governmental nongovernmental ; and (9) by inserting after paragraph (15), as so redesignated, the following: (16) The term management integration and transformation (A) means the development of consistent and consolidated functions for information technology, financial management, acquisition management, logistics and material resource management, asset security, and human capital management; and (B) includes governing processes and procedures, management systems, personnel activities, budget and resource planning, training, real estate management, and provision of security, as they relate to functions cited in subparagraph (A). . IV Miscellaneous 401. Administrative leave (a) Short title This section may be cited as the Administrative Leave Act of 2016 (b) Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that— (1) agency use of administrative leave, and leave that is referred to incorrectly as administrative leave in agency recording practices, has exceeded reasonable amounts— (A) in contravention of— (i) established precedent of the Comptroller General of the United States; and (ii) guidance provided by the Office of Personnel Management; and (B) resulting in significant cost to the Federal Government; (2) administrative leave should be used sparingly; (3) prior to the use of paid leave to address personnel issues, an agency should consider other actions, including— (A) temporary reassignment; (B) transfer; and (C) telework; (4) an agency should prioritize and expeditiously conclude an investigation in which an employee is placed in administrative leave so that, not later than the conclusion of the leave period— (A) the employee is returned to duty status; or (B) an appropriate personnel action is taken with respect to the employee; (5) data show that there are too many examples of employees placed in administrative leave for 6 months or longer, leaving the employees without any available recourse to— (A) return to duty status; or (B) challenge the decision of the agency; (6) an agency should ensure accurate and consistent recording of the use of administrative leave so that administrative leave can be managed and overseen effectively; and (7) other forms of excused absence authorized by law should be recorded separately from administrative leave, as defined by the amendments made by this section. (c) Administrative leave (1) In general Subchapter II of chapter 63 6329a. Administrative leave (a) Definitions In this section— (1) the term administrative leave (A) without loss of or reduction in— (i) pay; (ii) leave to which an employee is otherwise entitled under law; or (iii) credit for time or service; and (B) that is not authorized under any other provision of law; (2) the term agency (A) means an Executive agency (as defined in section 105 of this title); and (B) does not include the Government Accountability Office; and (3) the term employee (A) has the meaning given the term in section 2105; and (B) does not include an intermittent employee who does not have an established regular tour of duty during the administrative workweek. (b) Administrative leave (1) In general An agency may place an employee in administrative leave for a period of not more than 5 consecutive days. (2) Rule of construction Nothing in paragraph (1) shall be construed to limit the use of leave that is— (A) specifically authorized under law; and (B) not administrative leave. (3) Records An agency shall record administrative leave separately from leave authorized under any other provision of law. (c) Regulations (1) OPM regulations Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall— (A) prescribe regulations to carry out this section; and (B) prescribe regulations that provide guidance to agencies regarding— (i) acceptable agency uses of administrative leave; and (ii) the proper recording of— (I) administrative leave; and (II) other leave authorized by law. (2) Agency action Not later than 1 year after the date on which the Director of the Office of Personnel Management prescribes regulations under paragraph (1), each agency shall revise and implement the internal policies of the agency to meet the requirements of this section. (d) Relation to other laws Notwithstanding subsection (a) of section 7421 of title 38, this section shall apply to an employee described in subsection (b) of that section. . (2) OPM study Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, in consultation with Federal agencies, groups representing Federal employees, and other relevant stakeholders, shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives a report identifying agency practices, as of the date of enactment of this Act, of placing an employee in administrative leave for more than 5 consecutive days when the placement was not specifically authorized by law. (3) Technical and conforming amendment The table of sections for subchapter II of chapter 63 section 6329 6329a. Administrative leave. . (d) Investigative leave and notice leave (1) In general Subchapter II of chapter 63 6329b. Investigative leave and notice leave (a) Definitions In this section— (1) the term agency (A) means an Executive agency (as defined in section 105 of this title); and (B) does not include the Government Accountability Office; (2) the term Chief Human Capital Officer (A) the Chief Human Capital Officer of an agency designated or appointed under section 1401; or (B) the equivalent; (3) the term committees of jurisdiction (4) the term Director (5) the term employee (A) has the meaning given the term in section 2105; and (B) does not include— (i) an intermittent employee who does not have an established regular tour of duty during the administrative workweek; or (ii) the Inspector General of an agency; (6) the term investigative leave (A) without loss of or reduction in— (i) pay; (ii) leave to which an employee is otherwise entitled under law; or (iii) credit for time or service; (B) that is not authorized under any other provision of law; and (C) in which an employee who is the subject of an investigation is placed; (7) the term notice leave (A) without loss of or reduction in— (i) pay; (ii) leave to which an employee is otherwise entitled under law; or (iii) credit for time or service; (B) that is not authorized under any other provision of law; and (C) in which an employee who is in a notice period is placed; and (8) the term notice period (b) Leave for employees under investigation or in a notice period (1) Authority An agency may, in accordance with paragraph (2), place an employee in— (A) investigative leave if the employee is the subject of an investigation; (B) notice leave if the employee is in a notice period; or (C) notice leave following a placement in investigative leave if, not later than the day after the last day of the period of investigative leave— (i) the agency proposes or initiates an adverse action against the employee; and (ii) the agency determines that the employee continues to meet 1 or more of the criteria described in subsection (c)(1). (2) Requirements An agency may place an employee in leave under paragraph (1) only if the agency has— (A) made a determination with respect to the employee under subsection (c)(1); (B) considered the available options for the employee under subsection (c)(2); and (C) determined that none of the available options under subsection (c)(2) is appropriate. (c) Employees under investigation or in a notice period (1) Determinations An agency may not place an employee in investigative leave or notice leave under subsection (b) unless the continued presence of the employee in the workplace during an investigation of the employee or while the employee is in a notice period, if applicable, may— (A) pose a threat to the employee or others; (B) result in the destruction of evidence relevant to an investigation; (C) result in loss of or damage to Government property; or (D) otherwise jeopardize legitimate Government interests. (2) Available options for employees under investigation or in a notice period After making a determination under paragraph (1) with respect to an employee, and before placing an employee in investigative leave or notice leave under subsection (b), an agency shall consider taking 1 or more of the following actions: (A) Assigning the employee to duties in which the employee is no longer a threat to— (i) safety; (ii) the mission of the agency; (iii) Government property; or (iv) evidence relevant to an investigation. (B) Allowing the employee to take leave for which the employee is eligible. (C) Requiring the employee to telework under section 6502(c). (D) If the employee is absent from duty without approved leave, carrying the employee in absence without leave status. (E) For an employee subject to a notice period, curtailing the notice period if there is reasonable cause to believe the employee has committed a crime for which a sentence of imprisonment may be imposed. (3) Duration of leave (A) Investigative leave Subject to extensions of a period of investigative leave for which an employee may be eligible under subsections (d) and (e), the initial placement of an employee in investigative leave shall be for a period not longer than 10 days. (B) Notice leave Placement of an employee in notice leave shall be for a period not longer than the duration of the notice period. (4) Explanation of leave (A) In general If an agency places an employee in leave under subsection (b), the agency shall provide the employee a written explanation of the leave placement and the reasons for the leave placement. (B) Explanation The written notice under subparagraph (A) shall describe the limitations of the leave placement, including— (i) the applicable limitations under paragraph (3); and (ii) in the case of a placement in investigative leave, an explanation that, at the conclusion of the period of leave, the agency shall take an action under paragraph (5). (5) Agency action Not later than the day after the last day of a period of investigative leave for an employee under subsection (b)(1), an agency shall— (A) return the employee to regular duty status; (B) take 1 or more of the actions authorized under paragraph (2), meaning— (i) assigning the employee to duties in which the employee is no longer a threat to— (I) safety; (II) the mission of the agency; (III) Government property; or (IV) evidence relevant to an investigation; (ii) allowing the employee to take leave for which the employee is eligible; (iii) requiring the employee to telework under section 6502(c); (iv) if the employee is absent from duty without approved leave, carrying the employee in absence without leave status; or (v) for an employee subject to a notice period, curtailing the notice period if there is reasonable cause to believe the employee has committed a crime for which a sentence of imprisonment may be imposed; (C) propose or initiate an adverse action against the employee as provided under law; or (D) extend the period of investigative leave under subsections (d) and (e). (6) Rule of construction Nothing in paragraph (5) shall be construed to prevent the continued investigation of an employee, except that the placement of an employee in investigative leave may not be extended for that purpose except as provided in subsections (d) and (e). (d) Initial extension of investigative leave (1) In general Subject to paragraph (4), if the Chief Human Capital Officer of an agency, or the designee of the Chief Human Capital Officer, approves such an extension after consulting with the investigator responsible for conducting the investigation to which an employee is subject, the agency may extend the period of investigative leave for the employee under subsection (b) for not more than 30 days. (2) Maximum number of extensions The total period of additional investigative leave for an employee under paragraph (1) may not exceed 110 days. (3) Designation guidance Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Chief Human Capital Officers Council shall issue guidance to ensure that if the Chief Human Capital Officer of an agency delegates the authority to approve an extension under paragraph (1) to a designee, the designee is at a sufficiently high level within the agency to make an impartial and independent determination regarding the extension. (4) Extensions for OIG employees (A) Approval In the case of an employee of an Office of Inspector General— (i) the Inspector General or the designee of the Inspector General, rather than the Chief Human Capital Officer or the designee of the Chief Human Capital Officer, shall approve an extension of a period of investigative leave for the employee under paragraph (1); or (ii) at the request of the Inspector General, the head of the agency within which the Office of Inspector General is located shall designate an official of the agency to approve an extension of a period of investigative leave for the employee under paragraph (1). (B) Guidance Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency shall issue guidance to ensure that if the Inspector General or the head of an agency, at the request of the Inspector General, delegates the authority to approve an extension under subparagraph (A) to a designee, the designee is at a sufficiently high level within the Office of Inspector General or the agency, as applicable, to make an impartial and independent determination regarding the extension. (e) Further extension of investigative leave (1) In general After reaching the limit under subsection (d)(2), an agency may further extend a period of investigative leave for an employee for a period of not more than 60 days if, before the further extension begins, the head of the agency or, in the case of an employee of an Office of Inspector General, the Inspector General submits a notification that includes the reasons for the further extension to the— (A) committees of jurisdiction; (B) Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and (C) Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives. (2) No limit There shall be no limit on the number of further extensions that an agency may grant to an employee under paragraph (1). (3) OPM review An agency shall request from the Director, and include with the notification required under paragraph (1), the opinion of the Director— (A) with respect to whether to grant a further extension under this subsection, including the reasons for that opinion; and (B) which shall not be binding on the agency. (4) Sunset The authority provided under this subsection shall expire on the date that is 6 years after the date of enactment of this section. (f) Consultation guidance Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Special Counsel, shall issue guidance on best practices for consultation between an investigator and an agency on the need to place an employee in investigative leave during an investigation of the employee, including during a criminal investigation, because the continued presence of the employee in the workplace during the investigation may— (1) pose a threat to the employee or others; (2) result in the destruction of evidence relevant to an investigation; (3) result in loss of or damage to Government property; or (4) otherwise jeopardize legitimate Government interests. (g) Reporting and records (1) In general An agency shall keep a record of the placement of an employee in investigative leave or notice leave by the agency, including— (A) the basis for the determination made under subsection (c)(1); (B) an explanation of why an action under subsection (c)(2) was not appropriate; (C) the length of the period of leave; (D) the amount of salary paid to the employee during the period of leave; (E) the reasons for authorizing the leave, including, if applicable, the recommendation made by an investigator under subsection (d)(1); and (F) the action taken by the agency at the end of the period of leave, including, if applicable, the granting of any extension of a period of investigative leave under subsection (d) or (e). (2) Availability of records An agency shall make a record kept under paragraph (1) available— (A) to any committee of Congress, upon request; (B) to the Office of Personnel Management; and (C) as otherwise required by law, including for the purposes of the Administrative Leave Act of 2016 and the amendments made by that Act. (h) Regulations (1) OPM action Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Director shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section, including guidance to agencies regarding— (A) acceptable purposes for the use of— (i) investigative leave; and (ii) notice leave; (B) the proper recording of— (i) the leave categories described in subparagraph (A); and (ii) other leave authorized by law; (C) baseline factors that an agency shall consider when making a determination that the continued presence of an employee in the workplace may— (i) pose a threat to the employee or others; (ii) result in the destruction of evidence relevant to an investigation; (iii) result in loss or damage to Government property; or (iv) otherwise jeopardize legitimate Government interests; and (D) procedures and criteria for the approval of an extension of a period of investigative leave under subsection (d) or (e). (2) Agency action Not later than 1 year after the date on which the Director prescribes regulations under paragraph (1), each agency shall revise and implement the internal policies of the agency to meet the requirements of this section. (i) Relation to other laws Notwithstanding subsection (a) of section 7421 of title 38, this section shall apply to an employee described in subsection (b) of that section. . (2) Personnel action Section 2302(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, is amended— (A) in clause (xi), by striking and (B) by redesignating clause (xii) as clause (xiii); and (C) by inserting after clause (xi) the following: (xii) a determination made by an agency under section 6329b(c)(1) that the continued presence of an employee in the workplace during an investigation of the employee or while the employee is in a notice period, if applicable, may— (I) pose a threat to the employee or others; (II) result in the destruction of evidence relevant to an investigation; (III) result in loss of or damage to Government property; or (IV) otherwise jeopardize legitimate Government interests; and . (3) GAO report Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall report to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives on the results of an evaluation of the implementation of the authority provided under sections 6329a and 6329b of title 5, United States Code, as added by subsection (c)(1) and paragraph (1) of this subsection, respectively, including— (A) an assessment of agency use of the authority provided under subsection (e) of such section 6329b, including data regarding— (i) the number and length of extensions granted under that subsection; and (ii) the number of times that the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, under paragraph (3) of that subsection— (I) concurred with the decision of an agency to grant an extension; and (II) did not concur with the decision of an agency to grant an extension, including the bases for those opinions of the Director; (B) recommendations to Congress, as appropriate, on the need for extensions beyond the extensions authorized under subsection (d) of such section 6329b; and (C) a review of the practice of agency placement of an employee in investigative or notice leave under subsection (b) of such section 6329b because of a determination under subsection (c)(1)(D) of that section that the employee jeopardized legitimate Government interests, including the extent to which such determinations were supported by evidence. (4) Telework Section 6502 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: (c) Required telework If an agency determines under section 6329b(c)(1) that the continued presence of an employee in the workplace during an investigation of the employee or while the employee is in a notice period, if applicable, may pose 1 or more of the threats described in that section and the employee is eligible to telework under subsections (a) and (b) of this section, the agency may require the employee to telework for the duration of the investigation or the notice period, if applicable. . (5) Technical and conforming amendment The table of sections for subchapter II of chapter 63 section 6329a, 6329b. Investigative leave and notice leave. . (e) Leave for weather and safety issues (1) In general Subchapter II of chapter 63 6329c. Weather and safety leave (a) Definitions In this section— (1) the term agency (A) means an Executive agency (as defined in section 105 of this title); and (B) does not include the Government Accountability Office; and (2) the term employee (A) has the meaning given the term in section 2105; and (B) does not include an intermittent employee who does not have an established regular tour of duty during the administrative workweek. (b) Leave for weather and safety issues An agency may approve the provision of leave under this section to an employee or a group of employees without loss of or reduction in the pay of the employee or employees, leave to which the employee or employees are otherwise entitled, or credit to the employee or employees for time or service only if the employee or group of employees is prevented from safely traveling to or performing work at an approved location due to— (1) an act of God; (2) a terrorist attack; or (3) another condition that prevents the employee or group of employees from safely traveling to or performing work at an approved location. (c) Records An agency shall record leave provided under this section separately from leave authorized under any other provision of law. (d) Regulations Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section, including— (1) guidance to agencies regarding the appropriate purposes for providing leave under this section; and (2) the proper recording of leave provided under this section. (e) Relation to other laws Notwithstanding subsection (a) of section 7421 of title 38, this section shall apply to an employee described in subsection (b) of that section. . (2) Technical and conforming amendment The table of sections for subchapter II of chapter 63 section 6329b, “6329c. Weather and safety leave.”. (f) Additional oversight (1) In general Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall complete a review of agency policies to determine whether agencies have complied with the requirements of this section and the amendments made by this section. (2) Report to Congress Not later than 90 days after completing the review under paragraph (1), the Director shall submit to Congress a report evaluating the results of the review. 402. United States Government review of certain foreign fighters (a) Review Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the President shall initiate a review of known instances since 2011 in which a person has traveled or attempted to travel to a conflict zone in Iraq or Syria from the United States to join or provide material support or resources to a terrorist organization. (b) Scope of review The review under subsection (a) shall— (1) include relevant unclassified and classified information held by the United States Government related to each instance described in subsection (a); (2) ascertain which factors, including operational issues, security vulnerabilities, systemic challenges, or other issues, which may have undermined efforts to prevent the travel of persons described in subsection (a) to a conflict zone in Iraq or Syria from the United States, including issues related to the timely identification of suspects, information sharing, intervention, and interdiction; and (3) identify lessons learned and areas that can be improved to prevent additional travel by persons described in subsection (a) to a conflict zone in Iraq or Syria, or other terrorist safe haven abroad, to join or provide material support or resources to a terrorist organization. (c) Information sharing The President shall direct the heads of relevant Federal agencies to provide the appropriate information that may be necessary to complete the review required under this section. (d) Submission to Congress Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the President, consistent with the protection of classified information, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes the results of the review required under this section, including information on travel routes of greatest concern, as appropriate. (e) Prohibition on additional funding No additional funds are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section. (f) Definitions In this section: (1) Appropriate congressional committees The term appropriate congressional committees (A) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate (B) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate (C) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate (D) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate (E) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate (F) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate (G) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate (H) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives (I) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives (J) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives (K) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives (L) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives (M) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives (N) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives (2) Material support or resources The term material support or resources 403. National strategy to combat terrorist travel (a) Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that it should be the policy of the United States— (1) to continue to regularly assess the evolving terrorist threat to the United States; (2) to catalog existing Federal Government efforts to obstruct terrorist and foreign fighter travel into, out of, and within the United States, and overseas; (3) to identify such efforts that may benefit from reform or consolidation, or require elimination; (4) to identify potential security vulnerabilities in United States defenses against terrorist travel; and (5) to prioritize resources to address any such security vulnerabilities in a risk-based manner. (b) National strategy and updates (1) In general Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the President shall submit a national strategy to combat terrorist travel to the appropriate congressional committees. The strategy shall address efforts to intercept terrorists and foreign fighters and constrain the domestic and international travel of such persons. Consistent with the protection of classified information, the strategy shall be submitted in unclassified form, including, as appropriate, a classified annex. (2) Updated strategies Not later than 180 days after the date on which a new President is inaugurated, the President shall submit an updated version of the strategy described in paragraph (1) to the appropriate congressional committees. (3) Contents The strategy required under this subsection shall— (A) include an accounting and description of all Federal Government programs, projects, and activities designed to constrain domestic and international travel by terrorists and foreign fighters; (B) identify specific security vulnerabilities within the United States and outside of the United States that may be exploited by terrorists and foreign fighters; (C) delineate goals for— (i) closing the security vulnerabilities identified under subparagraph (B); and (ii) enhancing the ability of the Federal Government to constrain domestic and international travel by terrorists and foreign fighters; and (D) describe the actions that will be taken to achieve the goals delineated under subparagraph (C) and the means needed to carry out such actions, including— (i) steps to reform, improve, and streamline existing Federal Government efforts to align with the current threat environment; (ii) new programs, projects, or activities that are requested, under development, or undergoing implementation; (iii) new authorities or changes in existing authorities needed from Congress; (iv) specific budget adjustments being requested to enhance United States security in a risk-based manner; and (v) the Federal departments and agencies responsible for the specific actions described in this subparagraph. (4) Sunset The requirement to submit updated national strategies under this subsection shall terminate on the date that is 7 years after the date of enactment of this Act. (c) Development of implementation plans For each national strategy required under subsection (b), the President shall direct the heads of relevant Federal agencies to develop implementation plans for each such agency. (d) Implementation plans (1) In general The President shall submit an implementation plan developed under subsection (c) to the appropriate congressional committees with each national strategy required under subsection (b). Consistent with the protection of classified information, each such implementation plan shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex. (2) Annual updates The President shall submit an annual updated implementation plan to the appropriate congressional committees during the 10-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act. (e) Prohibition on additional funding No additional funds are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section. (f) Definition In this section, the term appropriate congressional committees (1) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate (2) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate (3) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate (4) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate (5) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate (6) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate (7) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives (8) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives (9) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives (10) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives (11) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives (12) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives 404. Northern border threat analysis (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Appropriate congressional committees The term appropriate congressional committees (A) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate (B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate (C) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate (D) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives (E) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives (F) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives (2) Northern border The term Northern Border (b) In general Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a Northern Border threat analysis that includes— (1) current and potential terrorism and criminal threats posed by individuals and organized groups seeking— (A) to enter the United States through the Northern Border; or (B) to exploit border vulnerabilities on the Northern Border; (2) improvements needed at and between ports of entry along the Northern Border— (A) to prevent terrorists and instruments of terrorism from entering the United States; and (B) to reduce criminal activity, as measured by the total flow of illegal goods, illicit drugs, and smuggled and trafficked persons moved in either direction across the Northern Border; (3) gaps in law, policy, cooperation between State, tribal, and local law enforcement, international agreements, or tribal agreements that hinder effective and efficient border security, counter-terrorism, and anti-human smuggling and trafficking efforts, and the flow of legitimate trade along the Northern Border; and (4) whether additional U.S. Customs and Border Protection preclearance and preinspection operations at ports of entry along the Northern Border could help prevent terrorists and instruments of terror from entering the United States. (c) Analysis requirements For the threat analysis required under subsection (b), the Secretary shall consider and examine— (1) technology needs and challenges; (2) personnel needs and challenges; (3) the role of State, tribal, and local law enforcement in general border security activities; (4) the need for cooperation among Federal, State, tribal, local, and Canadian law enforcement entities relating to border security; (5) the terrain, population density, and climate along the Northern Border; and (6) the needs and challenges of Department facilities, including the physical approaches to such facilities. (d) Classified threat analysis To the extent possible, the Secretary shall submit the threat analysis required under subsection (b) in unclassified form. The Secretary may submit a portion of the threat analysis in classified form if the Secretary determines that such form is appropriate for that portion. June 28, 2016 Reported with amendments

Summary: DHS Accountability Act of 2016 TITLE I--DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION (Sec. 101) This bill amends the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to make the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) Under Secretary for Management: (1) the first assistant to the Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security, thereby requiring the Under Secretary to perform as the acting Deputy Secretary if the Deputy Secretary dies, resigns, or is unable to perform; and (2) the acting DHS Secretary if by reason of absence, disability, or vacancy in office, neither the DHS Secretary nor Deputy Secretary is available to exercise the Secretary's duties. The President, with the Senate's advice and consent, must appoint a DHS Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans to head an office that coordinates DHS-wide strategic planning, leadership councils, and international engagement. DHS may designate other officers in further order of succession to serve as acting Secretary and must notify Congress of any vacancies in senior positions. The Under Secretary for Management's responsibilities for management integration and transformation (consistent and consolidated functions for information technology, financial management, acquisition management, logistics and material resource management, asset security, and human capital management) are expanded to include each DHS functional management discipline within the development of: (1) centralized data sources and connectivity of information systems, (2) standardized and automated management information, and (3) program management and regular oversight mechanisms. The DHS transition and succession plan for new presidential administrations must be made available to Congress. DHS must report to the Government Accountability Office (GAO) every six months on progress in implementing corrective action plans to address the designation of DHS management functions on the GAO's biannual high-risk list, until the GAO notifies Congress of the removal of the high-risk designation. DHS must notify Congress and the DHS inspector general if DHS waives the prohibition against engaging in business with a contractor or other recipient of funds that is listed as suspended or debarred from receiving federal assistance in the System for Award Management maintained by the General Services Administration (GSA). (Sec. 102) DHS may: (1) establish leadership councils to ensure coordination among DHS leadership, and (2) direct development of joint operational plans. A Joint Requirements Council of senior officials is established to: (1) identify and validate joint requirements and capabilities that multiple DHS components or task forces must possess in their systems or services to satisfy contractual or other formally imposed requirements; (2) ensure efficiencies among life-cycle schedules, performance objectives, and procurement quantities; and (3) make prioritized capability recommendations for such joint requirements. DHS must ensure that the Future Years Homeland Security Program is consistent with the council's recommendations. DHS may establish joint task forces to coordinate with foreign governments and other federal, state, or local agencies to maintain situational awareness of: (1) unlawful cross-border trafficking and crossings, and (2) operational capabilities for continuous and integrated surveillance of U.S. borders. Joint task forces may also be established for: (1) coordination of U.S. land and maritime borders; (2) cybersecurity; and (3) prevention, preparation, and response to other homeland security matters. For each joint task force, the director and deputy director must be from different DHS offices or components. DHS must report annually on each task force's: (1) total funding, personnel, and resources allocated from each DHS component; and (2) effectiveness using outcome-based performance metrics. DHS must establish a joint duty training program to coordinate workforce professional development and improve task force joint operations. The program must address national security strategy, strategic and contingency planning, command and control of operations under joint command, international engagement, all the governmental and nongovernmental entities involved in the homeland security enterprise, interagency collaboration, and leadership. DHS must notify Congress of the formation of joint task forces, but DHS may waive the notice requirement in an emergency that imminently threatens the protection of human life or property. The DHS inspector general must report to Congress with an evaluation of joint task forces. DHS may not establish a joint task force to coordinate operations for a major disaster or emergency declared by the President under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act or an incident for which the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has primary responsibility. (Sec. 103) The National Operations Center's current role in providing situational awareness to federal, state, and local governments about events of terrorism and other natural or man-made disasters is expanded to include threats and incidents of such events. The center must also: (1) provide information to the private sector and international partners, and (2) enter information sharing agreements with other federal operations centers and homeland security partners. Each federal agency must provide the center with timely information about: (1) events, threats, and incidents; and (2) the status and potential vulnerability of U.S. critical infrastructure and key resources. DHS must replace the center's fire service representative with a representative of state and local emergency responders. (Sec. 104) DHS must establish a Homeland Security Advisory Council. (Sec. 105) An Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans (OSPP) is established to: (1) coordinate DHS strategic plans and long-term goals, (2) conduct DHS's quadrennial homeland security review, (3) manage and provide analytics to DHS leadership councils, and (4) establish standards for DHS statistical data. The bill transfers from the Under Secretary for Management to the OSPP the responsibility to maintain immigration statistical information of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. (Sec. 106) An Office for Partnerships Against Violent Extremism is established to lead DHS efforts to counter violent extremism by: partnering with communities to address vulnerabilities that can be exploited by violent extremists; working with civil society groups to counter propaganda or recruitment; developing a digital engagement strategy that utilizes Internet and social media platforms; entering cooperative agreements state, local, tribal, and federal agencies and disseminating information to nongovernmental partners; coordinating with the Department of State on international violent extremism; and coordinating with FEMA on guidance for the use of terrorism protection grants to state, local, and tribal governments to counter violent extremism. DHS must submit a comprehensive DHS strategy to counter violent extremism in the United States. In developing the strategy, DHS must consider efforts to: (1) increase support for programs and initiatives of other governmental, nongovernmental, and foreign partners; and (2) disseminate resources and training guidance to local law enforcement agencies and the general public. The Assistant Secretary must submit annual reports on DHS programs and policies to counter violent extremism, including its assistance to other agencies and an accounting of its awarded grants, cooperative agreements, and training. The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties shall conduct annual reviews to ensure that these activities respect the privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties of all persons. FEMA's grants that assist high-risk urban areas and state, local, and tribal governments in protecting against terrorism may not be used to support any organization or group that: (1) has knowingly or recklessly funded domestic or international terrorism, or (2) is known to engage in or recruit for such activities. This section shall be repealed seven years after enactment of this bill. TITLE II--DEPARTMENT ACCOUNTABILITY, EFFICIENCY, AND WORKFORCE REFORMS (Sec. 201) DHS must submit to Congress: (1) a review of its international affairs offices and functions to eliminate unnecessary duplication; and (2) an action plan to address duplication, fragmentation, overlap, and opportunities for cost savings and revenue enhancement identified by the GAO. (Sec. 202) DHS must submit an information technology strategic plan to: (1) align budget priorities; (2) estimate dates for the elimination of unnecessarily duplicative, legacy, or outdated technology; (3) list projects and completion dates; (4) identify high risk projects and cybersecurity risks; and (5) maximize the use and purchase of commercial off-the-shelf products. (Sec. 203) DHS must conduct an inventory of its software licenses to bring the number of licenses into balance with DHS's needs. (Sec. 204) The DHS Chief Human Capital Officer must report to the Under Secretary for Management and develop strategic workforce planning policies, performance measures, compensation flexibilities for employee recruitment and retention, training opportunities, career path frameworks, and methods to eliminate duplicative or unnecessary human capital policies. Each DHS component must develop a five-year workforce strategy for DHS to determine its proper balance of federal employees and private labor resources. (Sec. 205) If the DHS Secretary, an administrative law judge, the Merit Systems Protections Board, the Office of Special Counsel, an adjudicating body under a union contract, a federal judge, or the DHS inspector general determines that a DHS supervisor committed certain prohibited personnel actions against a DHS employee whistleblower, DHS shall propose a minimum 12-day suspension for a first violation or removal for a second violation. DHS must carry out the suspension or removal if, after providing the supervisor an opportunity to answer and furnish evidence, DHS determines that such evidence is insufficient to reverse the proposed suspension or removal. DHS must provide: (1) training to DHS supervisors regarding how to respond to complaints alleging a violation of whistleblower protections, and (2) inform DHS employees of their whistleblower rights and the procedures for lawful disclosures. (Sec. 206) The Under Secretary for Management must submit to Congress a report that: (1) recommends adjustments in DHS management and administration that would reduce deficiencies, reduce costs, and enhance efficiencies; and (2) examines whether unnecessary duplication, overlap, or fragmentation exists among DHS components, the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), and the GSA. (Sec. 207) The bill abolishes the position of Director of Shared Services and the Office of Counternarcotics Enforcement. TITLE III--DEPARTMENT TRANSPARENCY AND ASSESSMENTS (Sec. 301) DHS's immigration functions report must address: (1) the number of persons known to have overstayed the terms of their visa, by visa type; (2) the estimated percentage of persons believed to have overstayed their visa, by visa type; and (3) immigration enforcement actions. DHS must develop and annually implement metrics to measure the effectiveness of: (1) security between ports of entry; (2) security at ports of entry; (3) security in the maritime environment; and (4) aviation assets and operations of the CBP's Office of Air and Marine, including in detecting and apprehending subjects and in seizing illicit drugs. Such metrics shall be informed by situational awareness, which is defined as knowledge and unified understanding of current unlawful cross-border activity. DHS shall: (1) make data related to apprehensions, inadmissible aliens, drug seizures, and other enforcement actions available to the public, academic research, and law enforcement communities in accordance with applicable privacy laws; (2) provide DHS's Office of Immigration Statistics with unfettered access to the data; (3) submit an annual report containing such metrics and the data and methodology used to develop such metrics to Congress and the GAO; and (4) after submitting its final report, evaluate and update such metrics to ensure that they meet DHS's performance management needs and are suitable to measure the effectiveness of border security. The GAO shall submit biennial reports analyzing and making recommendations regarding the suitability and statistical validity of the data and methodology contained in such DHS reports. DHS must submit annually through FY2025 a State of the Border report that includes: (1) metric trends for the last 10 years, and (2) analysis of illegal flow rates. (Sec. 302) DHS must submit annual mitigation plans in response to reports by the Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis, and recommendations of the DHS inspector general, regarding current threats to homeland security and DHS's capability to address those threats. (Sec. 303) FEMA must report on the feasibility of gathering data and providing information to Congress on the use of federal grant awards, for expenditures of more than $5,000, by state, local, and tribal governments and high-risk urban areas that receive federal grants to protect against terrorism under the Urban Area Security Initiative and the State Homeland Security Grant Program. (Sec. 304) DHS must post on its public website a list of each: (1) research and development (R&D) project that is not classified, and (2) task order for a Federally Funded Research and Development Center or a university-based center of excellence not associated with an R&D project. DHS may exclude from such list, but must provide to Congress, any controlled unclassified information regarding projects or task orders that would jeopardize operational security. For each R&D project that has transitioned to practice, the Under Secretary of Science and Technology must develop and track indicators to demonstrate the uptake of the technology among customers or end-users. (Sec. 305) DHS and the Department of Agriculture (USDA) must report on the status of construction of the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility to be the successor to the Plum Island Animal Disease Center. The GAO must report on the project's schedule estimates and budgeting. (Sec. 307) The DHS inspector general must: (1) audit DHS's award of grants and procurement contracts, and (2) review DHS's suspension and debarment program. (Sec. 307) DHS's Future Years Homeland Security Program submitted after the President's annual budget submission must project: (1) acquisition estimates for the fiscal year for which the budget is submitted and the four succeeding fiscal years for all major DHS acquisitions; and (2) estimated annual deployment schedules for all physical asset major acquisitions over that five-fiscal-year period and the full operating capability for all information technology major acquisitions. (Sec. 308) In each quadrennial homeland security review, DHS must identify redundant, wasteful, or unnecessary capabilities and capacities from which resources can be redirected. The report regarding the review must: (1) describe efforts to build capacity of states, local governments, Indian tribes, territories, private entities, individuals, and communities; and (2) propose changes to DHS's authorities, organization, governance structure, or business processes to better fulfill its responsibilities. (Sec. 309) The bill repeals reporting requirements of: USDA and the Department of the Interior on illegal drug cultivation on federal lands; DHS and the Department of Defense (DOD) on drug seizures and the number of air and maritime patrol hours dedicated to drug supply reduction; and the Department of Justice (DOJ) on drug violation arrests, prosecutions, and seizures. The bill changes from annual to biennial the requirement for: (1) the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office to report on U.S. nuclear forensic and attribution capabilities, the National Technical Nuclear Forensics Center, and the National Nuclear Forensics Expertise Development Program; (2) DHS, DOJ, the State Department, DOD, the Department of Energy, and the Director of National Intelligence to ensure that agencies review their global nuclear detection architecture. TITLE IV--MISCELLANEOUS Administrative Leave Act of 2016 (Sec. 401) This title expresses the sense of Congress that federal agency use of administrative leave for personnel purposes has exceeded reasonable amounts. The title: (1) prohibits an agency from placing an employee in administrative leave for more than five consecutive days; (2) requires agencies to record administrative leave separately from other types of leave; (3) requires the OPM to prescribe regulations with respect to acceptable agency uses of, and proper recording of, administrative leave and other leave authorized by law; (4) directs agencies to revise and implement their internal policies to meet the requirements of this title; and (5) requires the OPM to report on agency use of administrative leave. In lieu of administrative leave, agencies may place an employee in investigative or notice leave if the employee is under investigation or the target of an adverse action, but only if the continued presence of the employee in the workplace may pose a threat or cause loss of, or damage to, government property. Before placing an employee on investigative or notice leave, an agency must consider other options, including reassigning the employee, allowing the employee to take available leave, allowing the employee to telework, or treating the employee as absent without leave. Agencies may grant leave to employees who cannot report to work due to an act of God, a terrorist attack, or another condition that prevents such employees from safely traveling to or performing work at an approved location. The OPM must report to Congress within three years after enactment of this bill on whether agency policies comply with the requirements of this section. (Sec. 402) The President must initiate a review of known instances since 2011 in which a person has traveled or attempted to travel to a conflict zone in Iraq or Syria from the United States to join or provide material support or resources to a terrorist organization. Such review shall: (1) ascertain factors that may have undermined efforts to prevent such travel, including issues related to the timely identification of suspects, information sharing, intervention, and interdiction; and (2) identify lessons learned and areas that can be improved to prevent additional travel by such persons to a conflict zone in Iraq or Syria, or other terrorist safe havens abroad. The President's report on such review must include information on travel routes of greatest concern. (Sec. 403) The President must submit to Congress a national strategy to combat terrorist travel that addresses efforts to intercept terrorists and foreign fighters and constrain their domestic and international travel. The strategy must be updated after a new President is inaugurated. The strategy must: include an accounting and description of all federal government programs, projects, and activities designed to constrain travel by terrorists and foreign fighters; identify specific security vulnerabilities within and outside the United States that may be exploited by such persons; delineate goals for closing those vulnerabilities and enhancing the federal government's ability to constrain such travel; and describe actions and the means needed to achieve such goals. The President must submit annual updated plans for agencies to implement the strategy. The requirement to submit: (1) updated national strategies shall terminate 7 years after enactment of this bill, and (2) implementation plans shall terminate 10 years after such enactment. (Sec. 404) DHS must submit a northern border threat analysis of: terrorism and criminal threats posed by individuals and organized groups seeking to enter the United States through the northern border or to exploit vulnerabilities on such border; improvements needed at and between ports of entry along such border to prevent terrorists and instruments of terrorism from entering the United States and to reduce criminal activity, as measured by the total flow of illegal goods, illicit drugs, and smuggled and trafficked persons moved across such border; gaps in law, policy, cooperation between state, local, and tribal law enforcement, international agreements, or tribal agreements that hinder effective and efficient border security, counterterrorism, anti-human smuggling and trafficking efforts, and the flow of legitimate trade along the northern border; and whether additional preclearance and pre-inspection operations by the CBP at ports of entry along such border could help prevent terrorists and instruments of terror from entering the United States. For such analysis, DHS must consider and examine: technology needs and challenges; personnel needs and challenges; the role of state, local, and tribal law enforcement in general border security activities; the need for cooperation among federal, state, local, tribal, and Canadian law enforcement entities relating to border security; the terrain, population density, and climate along the northern border; and the needs and challenges of DHS facilities.