Native American Education Opportunity Act

To expand opportunity for Native American children through additional options in education, and for other purposes. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Native American Education Opportunity Act 2. Native American education opportunity program (a) In general Part B of title XI of the Education Amendments of 1978 ( 25 U.S.C. 2000 (1) by redesignating section 1141 as section 1142; and (2) by inserting after section 1140 the following: 1141. Bureau funding of tribal-based education savings account programs (a) Program authorized (1) Bureau disbursements At the request of Tribes, the Secretary of the Interior shall, for the 2018–2019 school year and each subsequent school year, disburse not more than 90 percent of the amounts made available under sections 1127 and 1130 for the school year to such Tribes that administer education savings account programs to enable the Tribes to award grants to education savings accounts for ESA eligible students for such school year, in accordance with subsection (b). (2) Applicability This section shall apply with respect to ESA eligible students who have submitted their application for participation under this section to the Tribe of which the student is an enrolled member on or after January 1, 2018. (3) Account administration (A) In general A Tribe may enter into an agreement with a nonprofit entity for the administration of the accounts created through the Tribe's education savings account program. (B) Nonprofit entity defined In this paragraph, the term nonprofit entity section 501(c)(3) (4) Use of funds Funds disbursed to a Tribe under this section may be used for— (A) private school tuition and fees; (B) textbooks, curriculum, and instructional materials; (C) academic, Native language, or cultural tutoring; (D) educational services and therapies for students with special needs; (E) tuition and fees for a non-public online learning program; (F) educational technology; (G) examination fees; or (H) transportation to and from a school not to exceed $2,000 per year, per ESA eligible student. (b) Disbursements (1) Amount The amount disbursed by the Secretary of the Interior under subsection (a) to a Tribe shall be, with respect to each ESA eligible student for which the Tribe awards a grant under this section for a school year, the lesser of— (A) the amount of the grant provided by the Tribe to the education savings account of the ESA eligible student for the applicable school year; and (B) 90 percent of the amount that the Secretary would provide to a Bureau-funded school on behalf of such student for the applicable school year under sections 1127 and 1130. (2) Quarterly disbursements A Tribe that receives a disbursement amount under subsection (a) shall make quarterly grant distributions of such amount to education savings accounts for ESA eligible students. (3) Limitation A Tribe shall allocate not more than 15 percent of the amount received per pupil under this section to the administration of the education savings account programs of the Tribe. (4) Roll over and remaining funds in an account Not more than 50 percent of an ESA eligible student's total grant amount for a school year made under this section may roll over for use to the following school year. (c) Effect on allotments For purposes of any calculation regarding the total number of eligible Indian students under section 1127, the Secretary shall include all ESA eligible students who participate in an education savings account program under this section. (d) Rule of construction A grant awarded to an ESA eligible student under this section shall be considered assistance to the student and shall not be considered assistance to a school that enrolls the ESA eligible student or any other educational service provider from which the ESA eligible student receives services. (e) Definitions In this section: (1) ESA eligible student (A) In general The term ESA eligible student (i) is— (I) an elementary school or secondary school student who attended a Bureau-funded school in the semester preceding the date on which the student first applies for participation in an education savings account program; or (II) a child who will be eligible to attend a Bureau-funded school for kindergarten or any other elementary school grade in the next semester that will start after the date on which the student first applies for participation in an education savings account program; (ii) will not be attending a Bureau-funded school, receiving an education savings account from another Tribe, or attending a public elementary school or secondary school, while the student is participating in an education savings account program of a Tribe; and (iii) meets any eligibility requirements of the education savings account program of the Tribe in which the student applies to participate. (B) Period of eligibility A student who meets the requirements of clauses (i) and (iii) of subparagraph (A) for a school year and who was an enrolled member of the Tribe to which the student submitted an application for participation in the education savings account program of the Tribe at the time of submitting the application to the Tribe shall be deemed to meet the requirements of such clauses until the date on which the student graduates high school or reaches the age of 21 years, whichever occurs first. (2) Education savings account program The term education savings account program (3) Parent The term parent (4) Tribe The term Tribe 25 U.S.C. 5131 . (b) Conforming amendment Section 1126(c) of the Education Amendments of 1978 ( 25 U.S.C. 2006(c) section 1141(12) section 1142(12) (c) GAO Study Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall— (1) conduct a review of the implementation of the amendments made by this Act during the preceding 3-year period, including any factors impacting increased participation in education savings account programs established pursuant to the amendments made by this Act; (2) submit a report describing the results of the review under paragraph (1) to— (A) the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate; and (B) the Subcommittee on Indian, Insular and Alaska Native Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives; and (3) publish the report under paragraph (2).

Summary: Native American Education Opportunity Act This bill amends the Education Amendments of 1978 to require the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), at the request of a federally recognized Indian tribe, to  provide funds for tribal education savings account programs to make grants to education savings accounts for students who: (1) attended or will be eligible to attend a BIA-funded school; (2) will not be attending a BIA-funded school, receiving an education savings account from another tribe, or attending public elementary or secondary school while participating in the program; and (3) meet program eligibility requirements. Funds may be used for: private school tuition and fees; textbooks, curriculum, and instructional materials; academic, Native language, or cultural tutoring; educational services and therapies for students with special needs; tuition and fees for a private online learning program; educational technology; examination fees; or transportation to and from school. Three years after this bill's enactment, the Government Accountability Office must review the implementation of the bill, including any factors impacting increased participation in education savings account programs.