PRO-SPEECH Act

To preserve access to lawful content and prevent discrimination and unfair methods of competition on the internet, and for other purposes. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Promoting Rights and Online Speech Protections to Ensure Every Consumer is Heard Act PRO-SPEECH Act 2. Preserving access to lawful content (a) In general Subject to subsection (b), an internet platform may not engage in a practice that does any of the following: (1) Blocks or otherwise prevents a user or entity from accessing any lawful content, application, service, or device that does not interfere with the internet platform’s functionality or pose a data privacy or data security risk to a user. (2) Degrades or impairs the access of a user or entity to lawful internet traffic on the basis of content, application, service, or use of a device that does not interfere with the internet platform’s func­tion­al­ity or pose a data privacy or data security risk to a user. (b) Exceptions (1) Small internet platforms The prohibitions under subsection (a) shall not apply to a small internet platform unless— (A) the Commission determines that the benefits of expanding the application of such prohibitions to 1 or more small internet platforms outweigh the costs; and (B) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget approves such cost-benefit analysis and publishes such approval in the Federal Register. (2) Publishers of content, applications, and services The prohibitions under subsection (a) shall not apply to the extent that an internet platform publicly proclaims to be a publisher, insofar as the internet platform is acting as a publisher, of any particular content, application, or service. 3. Nondiscrimination An internet platform may not take any action against a user or entity based on racial, sexual, religious, political affiliation, or ethnic grounds. 4. Prohibitions on unfair methods of competition (a) In general An internet platform may not engage in an unfair method of competition against any other internet platform (as determined by the Commission under the Federal Trade Commission Act ( 15 U.S.C. 41 et seq. (b) Presumed unfair methods of competition For purposes of subsection (a), the following actions shall be presumed to be an unfair method of competition: (1) Blocking or prohibiting use Any action taken by a large internet platform that wholly blocks or prohibits an internet platform that competes with the large internet platform (or any affiliate of the large internet platform) from making use of the large internet platform. (2) Unreasonable discrimination Any action taken by a large internet platform that unreasonably discriminates against an internet platform that competes with the large internet platform (or any affiliate of the large internet platform). (c) Determination of unfair methods of competition The Commission may determine that an action taken by a large internet platform is presumed to be an unfair method of competition if— (1) the Commission establishes that— (A) such action by a large internet platform— (i) is anti-competitive and likely to reduce competition, reduce quality of service, or decrease innovation; and (ii) is not likely to be remedied without government intervention; and (B) the benefits of such a determination outweigh the costs; and (2) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget approves such cost-benefit analysis and publishes such approval in the Federal Register. 5. Transparency (a) Required disclosures (1) In general Subject to subsection (b), an internet platform shall disclose, on a publicly available and easily accessible website, accurate information regarding the platform management practices, performance characteristics, and commercial terms of service of its app store, cloud computing service, operating system, search engine, or social media network sufficient to enable a reasonable user to make an informed choice regarding the purchase or use of such service and to develop, market, and maintain a product or service on the internet platform. (2) Required information The information to be disclosed pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include the following: (A) Platform management practices Information regarding the platform management practices of an internet platform shall include the following: (i) General practices A description of any content management or data management practices. (ii) App store, operating system, search engine, or social media network With respect to an app store, operating system, search engine, or social media network, a description of any practice— (I) regarding how the internet platform— (aa) curates and targets content to users; (bb) promotes content, services, or products, including its own content, services, or products; (cc) moderates content; or (dd) determines whether to demonetize a user’s use of the internet platform by any means; or (II) that directly or indirectly favors certain data or content over other data or content, including through use of techniques such as content placement or prioritization— (aa) to benefit an affiliate; or (bb) in exchange for consideration, monetary or otherwise. (iii) Cloud computing service With respect to a cloud computing service, a description of any practice— (I) regarding congestion management, application-specific behavior, device attachment, or data privacy and data security; or (II) that determines whether— (aa) any content, application, or service is lawful; and (bb) a device interferes with the cloud computing service’s functionality or poses an unreasonable data privacy or data security risk to a user. (iv) Publishers (I) Internet platforms With respect to an internet platform that publicly proclaims to be a publisher, a description of any practice that blocks or otherwise prevents a user or entity from accessing any lawful content, application, service, or device that does not interfere with the internet platform’s functionality or pose a risk of data privacy or data security to a user. (II) Affiliates With respect to an internet platform that publicly proclaims to be a publisher and is an affiliate of a cloud computing service or operating system, a description of any practice that degrades or impairs a user or entity's access to lawful internet traffic on the basis of content, application, service, or use of a device that does not interfere with the internet platform's functionality or pose a risk to the data privacy or data security of a user. (B) Performance characteristics Information regarding the performance characteristics of an internet platform shall include the following: (i) General characteristics A general description of the service, including the service technology. (ii) Cloud computing service With respect to a cloud computing service, a description of— (I) the expected and actual access speed and latency; and (II) the capability of the service to support real-time applications. (iii) Service with required approval With respect to an app store, cloud computing service, or operating system that requires approval before allowing an application to use the internet platform— (I) the average time for a developer to receive such approval after initial submission; and (II) the timeline for the internet platform to resolve complaints and the outcome of any such resolution. (C) Commercial terms Information regarding the commercial terms of an internet platform shall include a description of the fee disclosures, privacy practices, and redress options for users, including the following: (i) Usage-based fees With respect to a cloud computing service, any usage-based fees or fees for early termination or additional network services. (ii) Approval fees With respect to an app store, cloud computing service, or operating system that requires approval before allowing an application to use the internet platform, any fees charged to those seeking such approval. (iii) Third-party fees With respect to an app store, cloud computing service, or operating system, any fees charged to or by third parties associated with a user’s decision to purchase an application or other content that uses such internet platform. (iv) Prioritization fees With respect to an app store, operating system, search engine, or social media network, any fees charged for the placement or prioritization of any content or application. (v) Privacy practices A description of any data privacy practice that entails the inspection of user-generated content or other internet platform information and whether such content or information is stored, provided to third parties, or used for non-platform management purposes. (vi) Complaint resolution practices A description of any practice for resolving the complaint or question of a user. (b) Applicability to small internet platforms The requirements under subsection (a) shall not apply to a small internet platform unless— (1) the Commission determines that the benefits of expanding the application of such requirements to 1 or more small internet platforms outweigh the costs; and (2) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget approves such cost-benefit analysis and publishes such approval in the Federal Register. 6. Enforcement (a) Enforcement authority (1) Unfair and deceptive acts or practice A violation of section 2, 3, or 5 shall be treated as an unfair and deceptive act or practice proscribed under section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act ( 15 U.S.C. 45(a) (2) Unfair methods of competition Any person who violates section 4 shall be liable for engaging in an unfair method of competition under section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act ( 15 U.S.C. 45(a) (b) Powers of the Commission (1) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Commission shall enforce this Act in the same manner, by the same means, and with the same jurisdiction, powers, and duties as though all applicable terms and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act ( 15 U.S.C. 41 et seq. (2) Privileges and immunities Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any person who violates this Act shall be subject to the penalties and entitled to the privileges and immunities provided in the Federal Trade Commission Act ( 15 U.S.C. 41 et seq. (3) Authority preserved Nothing in this Act shall be construed to limit the authority of the Commission under any other provision of law. (c) Complaints to the Commission (1) In general Any individual alleging a violation of this Act may submit to the Commission a complaint which briefly states the facts surrounding such violation. (2) Notice to internet platform Upon receiving a complaint described in paragraph (1), the Commission shall forward a statement of the complaint to the internet platform that is the subject of the alleged violation. (3) Requirement to address complaint Upon receiving a forwarded complaint under paragraph (2), the internet platform shall, within a reasonable time (as specified by the Commission), either— (A) make a reparation for any injury alleged to have been caused in the complaint filed under paragraph (1) and notify the Commission of such reparation; or (B) submit to the Commission a written response to the complaint. (4) Reparation If the internet platform makes a reparation under paragraph (3)(A) to the satisfaction of the Commission, the Commission shall relieve the internet platform of liability to the complainant for the particular violation of law thus complained of. (5) Investigation (A) In general If the internet platform does not make a sufficient reparation under paragraph (3)(A), or if there appears to be any reasonable ground for investigating such complaint, the Commission shall investigate the matters complained of in such manner and by such means as it shall deem proper. (B) Direct damage No complaint shall at any time be dismissed because of the absence of direct damage to the complainant. (C) Investigation conclusion With respect to any investigation conducted pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Commission shall issue an order concluding such investigation not more than 5 months after the date on which the complaint was filed. 7. Relationship between Federal and State law No State or political subdivision of a State may adopt, maintain, enforce, or continue in effect any law, regulation, rule, requirement, or standard that conflicts with the requirements of this Act. 8. Definitions In this Act: (1) Affiliate The term affiliate (2) App store The term app store (3) Cloud computing service The term cloud computing service (4) Commission The term Commission (5) Internet platform The term internet platform (6) Large internet platform The term large internet platform (A) 100,000,000 global active users; or (B) $500,000,000 in annual revenues, including direct user fees, advertising revenues, or other revenues associated with an app store, a cloud computing service, an operating system, a search engine, or a social media network. (7) Operating system The term operating system (8) Own The term own (9) Search engine The term search engine (10) Small internet platform The term small internet platform (A) fewer than 100,000,000 global active users; and (B) less than $500,000,000 in annual revenues, including direct user fees, advertising revenues, or other revenues associated with an app store, a cloud computing service, an operating system, a search engine, or a social media network. (11) Social media network (A) In general The term social media network (B) Exception Such term does not include electronic mail or an online service, application, or website for which the hosting of such information or other content is incidental to the provision of news, sports, entertainment, or other information not generated by users.

Summary: Promoting Rights and Online Speech Protections to Ensure Every Consumer is Heard Act or the PRO-SPEECH Act This bill prohibits internet platforms from restricting access to content and engaging in discriminatory or anticompetitive conduct. An internet platform is an entity that owns or operates an app store, a cloud computing service, an operating system, a search engine, or a social media company. The bill prohibits large internet platforms (those with at least 100 million global users or $500 million in annual revenue) from blocking a user's access to lawful content, applications, services, or devices, or impairing a user's access to lawful internet traffic based on content, application, service, or use of device. This prohibition does not apply if (1) a user's access interferes with a large internet platform's functionality or poses privacy or security risks, or (2) a large internet platform publicly proclaims to be the publisher of the relevant content, application, or service. Further, large internet platforms must publicly disclose policies, terms of service, and other designated information regarding the purchase or use of its products or services. Internet platforms may not discriminate against a user or entity based on racial, sexual, religious, ethnic, or political affiliation grounds. Internet platforms also may not engage in unfair competition (e.g., blocking a competitor's access to an internet platform). The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) may determine whether an action constitutes unfair competition. The FTC shall enforce the bill's provisions through a complaint-driven investigative process. The bill also preempts state laws that conflict with its provisions.