Cover Crop Flexibility Act of 2020

To amend the Federal Crop Insurance Act to encourage the planting of cover crops following prevented planting, and for other purposes. 1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Cover Crop Flexibility Act of 2020 2. Cover crops planted due to prevented planting (a) In general Section 508A of the Federal Crop Insurance Act ( 7 U.S.C. 1508a (1) in subsection (c)— (A) in paragraph (1)(B)(ii)— (i) by striking collect an indemnity collect— (I) an indemnity ; (ii) in subclause (I) (as so designated), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; or (iii) by adding at the end the following: (II) an indemnity payment that is equal to the prevented planting guarantee for the acreage for the first crop, if the second crop— (aa) is an approved cover crop that— (AA) will be planted for use as animal feed or bedding that is hayed, grazed (rotationally, adaptively, or at equal to or less than the carrying capacity), or chopped outside of the primary nesting season; or (BB) will not be harvested, such as a crop with an intended use of being left standing or cover; and (bb) cannot be harvested for grain or other uses unrelated to livestock forage or conservation, as determined by the Corporation. ; and (B) in paragraph (3)— (i) by inserting a second crop described in item (aa) or (bb) of paragraph (1)(B)(ii)(II), or double cropping (ii) by striking make an election under paragraph (1)(B) makes an election under paragraph (1)(B)(ii)(I) (2) by inserting at the end the following: (f) Prevented planting coverage factors For producers that plant cover crops following prevented planting, the Corporation may provide separate prevented planting coverage factors that include preplanting costs, the cost of cover crop seed, and the cost of fencing and supplying water to livestock. . (b) Research and development Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act ( 7 U.S.C. 1522(c) (20) Cover crops (A) In general The Corporation shall carry out research and development, or offer to enter into one or more contracts with one or more qualified persons to carry out research and development, regarding a policy to insure crops on fields that regularly utilize cover crops. (B) Requirements Research and development under subparagraph (A) shall include— (i) a review of prevented planting coverage factors described in section 508A(f) and an evaluation of whether to include cover crop seed costs and costs related to grazing in the calculation of a factor; (ii) the extent to which cover crops reduce the risk of subsequent prevented planting; (iii) the extent to which cover crops make crops more resilient to or otherwise reduce the risk of loss resulting from natural disasters such as drought; (iv) the extent to which increased regularity of using cover crops or interactions with other practices such as tillage or rotation affects risk reduction; (v) whether rotational, adaptive, or other prescribed grazing of cover crops can maintain or improve risk reduction; and (vi) how best to account for any reduced risk and provide a benefit to producers using cover crops through a separate plan or policy of insurance. (C) Report Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall make available on the website of the Corporation, and submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, a report that— (i) describes the results of the research and development carried out under subparagraph (A); and (ii) includes any recommendations with respect to those results. .

Summary: Cover Crop Flexibility Act of 2020 This bill modifies the federal crop insurance program to address the planting of cover crops following prevented planting. Specifically, the bill allows a producer that is prevented from planting its first crop to plant a second crop and receive an indemnity equal to the full guarantee for the first crop if the second crop (1) is an approved cover crop, and (2) cannot be harvested for grain or other uses unrelated to livestock forage or conservation. Under current law, if a producer plants a second crop it can only get an indemnity worth at most 35% of the prevented planting guarantee for the first crop. For a producer planting a cover crop following prevented planting, the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) may provide separate prevented planting coverage factors that include preplanting costs, the cost of cover crop seed, and the cost of fencing and supplying water to livestock. Further, the FCIC must conduct research and development regarding a policy to insure crops on fields that regularly utilize cover crops, including research to examine the extent that cover crops reduce risks of prevented planting and other crop insurance losses.