Give Kids a Chance Act of 2023

To amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act with respect to molecularly targeted pediatric cancer investigations, and for other purposes. 1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Give Kids a Chance Act of 2024 (b) Table of contents The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Title I—Give Kids a Chance Sec. 101. Research into pediatric uses of drugs; additional authorities of Food and Drug Administration regarding molecularly targeted cancer drugs. Sec. 102. Ensuring completion of pediatric study requirements. Sec. 103. FDA report on PREA enforcement. Sec. 104. Extension of authority to issue priority review vouchers to encourage treatments for rare pediatric diseases. Sec. 105. Limitations on exclusive approval or licensure of orphan drugs. Sec. 106. Program for pediatric studies of drugs. Title II—United States-Abraham Accords Cooperation and Security Sec. 201. Establishment of Abraham Accords Office within Food and Drug Administration. Title III—Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Sec. 301. Registration fees. I Give Kids a Chance 101. Research into pediatric uses of drugs; additional authorities of Food and Drug Administration regarding molecularly targeted cancer drugs (a) In general (1) Additional active ingredient for application drug; limitation regarding novel-combination application drug Section 505B(a)(3) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355c(a)(3) (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (C) as subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively; and (B) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the following: (A) In general For purposes of paragraph (1)(B), the investigation described in this paragraph is (as determined by the Secretary) a molecularly targeted pediatric cancer investigation of— (i) the drug or biological product for which the application referred to in such paragraph is submitted; or (ii) such drug or biological product in combination with— (I) an active ingredient of a drug or biological product— (aa) for which an approved application under section 505(j) under this Act or under section 351(k) of the Public Health Service Act is in effect; and (bb) that is determined by the Secretary to be the standard of care for treating a pediatric cancer; or (II) an active ingredient of a drug or biological product— (aa) for which an approved application under section 505(b) of this Act or section 351(a) of the Public Health Service Act to treat an adult cancer is in effect and is held by the same person submitting the application under paragraph (1)(B); and (bb) that is directed at a molecular target that the Secretary determines to be substantially relevant to the growth or progression of a pediatric cancer. (B) Additional requirements (i) Design of investigation A molecularly targeted pediatric cancer investigation referred to in subparagraph (A) shall be designed to yield clinically meaningful pediatric study data that is gathered using appropriate formulations for each age group for which the study is required, regarding dosing, safety, and preliminary efficacy to inform potential pediatric labeling. (ii) Limitation An investigation described in subparagraph (A)(ii) may be required only if the drug or biological product for which the application referred to in paragraph (1)(B) contains either— (I) a single new active ingredient; or (II) more than one active ingredient, if an application for the combination of active ingredients has not previously been approved but each active ingredient has been previously approved to treat an adult cancer. (iii) Results of already-completed preclinical studies of application drug The Secretary may require that reports on an investigation required pursuant to paragraph (1)(B) include the results of all preclinical studies on which the decision to conduct such investigation was based. (iv) Rule of construction regarding inactive ingredients With respect to a combination of active ingredients referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii), such subparagraph shall not be construed as addressing the use of inactive ingredients with such combination. . (2) Determination of applicable requirements Section 505B(e)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355c(e)(1) The Secretary shall determine whether subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (a)(1) shall apply with respect to an application before the date on which the applicant is required to submit the initial pediatric study plan under paragraph (2)(A). (3) Clarifying applicability 21 U.S.C. 355c(a)(1) (C) Rule of construction No application that is subject to the requirements of subparagraph (B) shall be subject to the requirements of subparagraph (A), and no application (or supplement to an application) that is subject to the requirements of subparagraph (A) shall be subject to the requirements of subparagraph (B). . (4) Conforming amendments Section 505B(a) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355c(a) (A) in paragraph (3)(C), as redesignated by paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection, by striking investigations described in this paragraph investigations referred to in subparagraph (A) (B) in paragraph (3)(D), as redesignated by paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection, by striking the assessments under paragraph (2)(B) the assessments required under paragraph (1)(A) (b) Guidance The Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall— (1) not later than 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act, issue draft guidance on the implementation of the amendments made by subsection (a); and (2) not later than 12 months after closing the comment period on such draft guidance, finalize such guidance. (c) Applicability The amendments made by this section apply with respect to any application under section 505(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355(b) 42 U.S.C. 262(a) (d) Reports to Congress (1) Secretary of Health and Human Services Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate a report on the Secretary’s efforts, in coordination with industry, to ensure implementation of the amendments made by subsection (a). (2) GAO study and report (A) Study Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study of the effectiveness of requiring assessments and investigations described in section 505B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C.355c), as amended by subsection (a), in the development of drugs and biological products for pediatric cancer indications. (B) Findings Not later than 7 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate a report containing the findings of the study conducted under subparagraph (A). 102. Ensuring completion of pediatric study requirements (a) Equal accountability for pediatric study requirements Section 505B(d) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355c(d) (1) in paragraph (1), by striking Beginning 270 Noncompliance letter.— (2) in paragraph (2)— (A) by striking The drug or Effect of noncompliance.— (B) by striking (except that the drug or biological product shall not be subject to action under section 303) (except that the drug or biological product shall be subject to action under section 303 only if such person demonstrated a lack of due diligence in satisfying the applicable requirement) (3) by adding at the end the following: (3) Limitation The Secretary shall not issue enforcement actions under section 303 for failures under this subsection in the case of a drug or biological product that is no longer marketed. . (b) Due diligence Section 505B(d) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355c(d) (4) Due diligence Before the Secretary may conclude that a person failed to submit or otherwise meet a requirement as described in the matter preceding paragraph (1), the Secretary shall— (A) issue a noncompliance letter pursuant to paragraph (1); (B) provide such person with a 45-day period beginning on the date of receipt of such noncompliance letter to respond in writing as set forth in such paragraph; and (C) after reviewing such written response, determine whether the person demonstrated a lack of due diligence in satisfying such requirement. . (c) Conforming amendments Section 303(f)(4)(A) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 333(f)(4)(A) or 505–1 505–1, or 505B (d) Transition rule The Secretary of Health and Human Services may take enforcement action under section 303 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 333 21 U.S.C. 355c(d) 103. FDA report on PREA enforcement Section 508(b) of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act ( 21 U.S.C. 355c–1(b) (1) in paragraph (11), by striking the semicolon at the end and inserting , including an evaluation of compliance with deadlines provided for in deferrals and deferral extensions; (2) in paragraph (15), by striking and (3) in paragraph (16), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and (4) by adding at the end the following: (17) a listing of penalties, settlements, or payments under section 303 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 353 . 104. Extension of authority to issue priority review vouchers to encourage treatments for rare pediatric diseases (a) Extension Paragraph (5) of section 529(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360ff(b) September 30, 2024, unless September 30, 2029. (b) GAO report on effectiveness of rare pediatric disease priority voucher awards in incentivizing rare pediatric disease drug development (1) GAO study (A) Study The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study of the effectiveness of awarding rare pediatric disease priority vouchers under section 529 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360ff (B) Contents of study In conducting the study under subparagraph (A), the Comptroller General shall examine the following: (i) The indications for each drug or biological product that— (I) is the subject of a rare pediatric disease product application (as defined in section 529 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360ff (II) was approved under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 42 U.S.C. 355 42 U.S.C. 262 (ii) Whether, and to what extent, an unmet need related to the treatment or prevention of a rare pediatric disease was met through the approval or licensure of such a drug or biological product. (iii) The size of the company to which a priority review voucher was awarded under section 529 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360ff (iv) The value of such priority review voucher if transferred. (v) Identification of each drug for which a priority review voucher awarded under such section 529 was used. (vi) The size of the company using each priority review voucher awarded under such section 529. (vii) The length of the period of time between the date on which a priority review voucher was awarded under such section 529 and the date on which it was used. (viii) Whether, and to what extent, an unmet need related to the treatment or prevention of a rare pediatric disease was met through the approval under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 42 U.S.C. 355 42 U.S.C. 262 (ix) Whether, and to what extent, companies were motivated by the availability of priority review vouchers under section 529 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360ff (x) Whether, and to what extent, pediatric review vouchers awarded under such section were successful in stimulating development and expedited patient access to drug products for treatment or prevention of a rare pediatric disease that wouldn’t otherwise take place without the incentive provided by such vouchers. (xi) The impact of such priority review vouchers on the workload, review process, and public health prioritization efforts of the Food and Drug Administration. (xii) Any other incentives in Federal law that exist for companies developing drugs or biological products described in clause (i). (2) Report on findings Not later than 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate a report containing the findings of the study conducted under paragraph (1). 105. Limitations on exclusive approval or licensure of orphan drugs (a) In general Section 527 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360cc (1) in subsection (a), in the matter following paragraph (2), by striking same disease or condition same approved use or indication within such rare disease or condition (2) in subsection (b)— (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking same rare disease or condition same approved use or indication for which such 7-year period applies to such already approved or licensed drug (B) in paragraph (1), by inserting , relating to the approved use or indication, the needs (3) in subsection (c)(1), by striking same rare disease or condition as the already approved drug same use or indication for which the already approved or licensed drug was approved or licensed (4) by adding at the end the following: (f) Approved use or indication defined In this section, the term approved use or indication . (b) Application of amendments The amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to any drug designated under section 526 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360bb 21 U.S.C. 355 42 U.S.C. 262 106. Program for pediatric studies of drugs Section 409I(d) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 284m(d) (d) Funding Of the amount made available for pediatric research to each national research institute and national center under this title for each of fiscal years 2025, 2026, and 2027, the Director of NIH is authorized to make available up to one percent of such amount for pediatric research under this section. . II United States-Abraham Accords Cooperation and Security 201. Establishment of Abraham Accords Office within Food and Drug Administration (a) In general Chapter X of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 391 et seq. 1015. Abraham Accords Office (a) In general The Secretary, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall establish within the Food and Drug Administration an office, to be known as the Abraham Accords Office, to be headed by a director. (b) Office Not later than two years after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall— (1) in consultation with the governments of Abraham Accords countries, as well as appropriate United States Government diplomatic and security personnel— (A) select the location of the Abraham Accords Office in an Abraham Accords country; and (B) establish such office; and (2) assign to such office such personnel of the Food and Drug Administration as the Secretary determines necessary to carry out the functions of such office. (c) Duties The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Abraham Accords Office, shall— (1) after the Abraham Accords Office is established— (A) as part of the Food and Drug Administration’s work to strengthen the international oversight of regulated commodities, provide technical assistance to regulatory partners in Abraham Accords countries on strengthening regulatory oversight and converging regulatory requirements for the oversight of regulated products, including good manufacturing practices and other issues relevant to manufacturing medical products that are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration; (B) facilitate interactions between the Food and Drug Administration and interested parties in Abraham Accords countries, including by sharing relevant information regarding United States regulatory pathways with such parties; and (C) facilitate feedback between the Food and Drug Administration and such parties located within Abraham Accords countries prior to submission of an application under section 505(b), 505(j), or 515 of this Act or section 351(a) or 351(k) of the Public Health Service Act, or a notification under section 510(k) of this Act, such as feedback on research, development, and manufacturing of drugs, biologics, and medical devices; and (2) carry out other functions and activities as the Secretary determines to be necessary to carry out this section. (d) Abraham Accords country defined In this section, the term Abraham Accords country . (b) Report to Congress (1) In general Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall submit to the Congress a report on the Abraham Accords Office, including— (A) an evaluation of how the Office has advanced progress toward conformance with Food and Drug Administration regulatory requirements by manufacturers in the Abraham Accords countries; (B) a numerical count of parties that the Office has helped facilitate interactions or feedback pursuant to subparagraphs (B) and (C) of section 1015(c)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (as added by subsection (a)); (C) a summary of technical assistance provided to regulatory partners in Abraham Accords countries pursuant to subparagraph (A) of such section 1015(c)(1); and (D) recommendations for increasing and improving coordination between the Food and Drug Administration and entities in Abraham Accords countries. (2) Abraham Accords country defined In this subsection, the term Abraham Accords country III Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network 301. Registration fees Section 372 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 274 (d) Registration fees (1) In general The Secretary may collect registration fees from any member of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network for each transplant candidate such member places on the list described in subsection (b)(2)(A)(i). Such registration fees shall only be collected and distributed to support the operation of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Such registration fees are authorized to remain available until expended. (2) Collection The Secretary may collect the registration fees under paragraph (1) directly or through awards made under subsection (b)(1)(A). (3) Distribution The Secretary may distribute such fees among the awardees described in subsection (b)(1)(A). (4) Transparency The Secretary shall— (A) promptly post on the Internet website of the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network— (i) the amount of registration fees collected under this subsection from each member of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network; and (ii) a list of activities such fees are used to support; and (B) update the information posted pursuant to subparagraph (A), as applicable for each calendar quarter for which fees are collected under paragraph (1). (5) GAO review Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Comptroller General of the United States shall, to the extent data are available— (A) conduct a review concerning the activities under this subsection; and (B) submit to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, a report on such review, including related recommendations, as applicable. . September 20, 2024 Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed

Summary: Give Kids a Chance Act of 2023 This bill authorizes certain targeted clinical trials involving combinations of drugs to treat pediatric cancer. Specifically, the bill modifies requirements relating to molecularly targeted pediatric cancer investigations so as to authorize investigations of new drugs that are used in combination with active ingredients that have already been approved and that (1) have been determined to be the standard of care for treating a pediatric cancer, or (2) have been approved to treat an adult cancer and are directed at molecular targets for pediatric cancer. The Food and Drug Administration must issue guidance and report on the bill's implementation. The Government Accountability Office must report on the effectiveness of the bill's changes with respect to the development of pediatric cancer drugs.