Wildlife Disease Surveillance for Pandemic Prevention Act of 2022

To create a coordinated domestic wildlife disease surveillance framework for State, Tribal, and local governments to monitor and respond to wildlife disease outbreaks to prevent pandemics, and for other purposes. 1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Wildlife Disease Surveillance for Pandemic Prevention Act of 2022 (b) Table of contents Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions. Sec. 3. Funding for State and Tribal wildlife disease surveillance. Sec. 4. Grant program. Sec. 5. Wildlife Disease Surveillance Program. Sec. 6. Wildlife Disease Emergency Response Program. Sec. 7. Centers for Study and Diagnostics of Wildlife Diseases. Sec. 8. Federal One Health Interagency Working Group. Sec. 9. Wildlife Disease Surveillance Advisory Committee. Sec. 10. National Wildlife Disease Database. Sec. 11. Authorization of appropriations. 2. Definitions In this Act: (1) Advisory Committee The term Advisory Committee section 9 (2) Database The term Database section 10(a) (3) Director The term Director (4) Indian Tribe The term Indian Tribe 25 U.S.C. 5304 (5) Interagency Working Group The term Interagency Working Group section 8 (6) Institution of higher education The term institution of higher education 20 U.S.C. 1001(a) (7) Secretary The term Secretary (8) State The term State (9) Task Force The term Task Force section 5(b) (10) Wildlife The term wildlife 7 U.S.C. 183(a) (11) Wildlife diseases The term wildlife diseases (12) Wildlife Disease Surveillance Program The term Wildlife Disease Surveillance Program section 5(a) 3. Funding for State and Tribal wildlife disease surveillance (a) Purposes The purposes described in this subsection are the following: (1) Monitoring wildlife for wildlife diseases. (2) Research and development of monitoring methods and technologies to detect and diagnose wildlife diseases. (3) Participating in information sharing through the Database. (4) The establishment and maintenance of programs, facilities, and workforce development programs to carry out the purposes described in paragraphs (1) through (3). (b) Wildlife health action plan (1) Submission for approval A State or Tribe may submit a wildlife health action plan, including each of the following, to the Director in such form, time, and manner as the Director determines appropriate: (A) Descriptions of wildlife disease surveillance actions proposed for monitoring wildlife disease in the full array of the State or Tribe’s wildlife and priorities for implementing such actions. (B) Plans for adapting these wildlife disease surveillance actions to respond to new information or changing conditions. (C) Plans for managing a wildlife disease outbreak, including potential containment measures and appropriate biosafety and biosecurity measures. (D) A plan to coordinate with relevant Federal, Tribal, State, and local governments, institutes of higher education, and private organizations. (E) Procedures for reviewing such plan not less frequently than every 5 years. (2) Approval process The Director shall, not later than 90 days after receiving a submission under paragraph (1) (3) Pilot funding for wildlife health planning (A) Establishment The Director and the Director of the Bureau of Indian Affairs shall jointly establish a program through which— (i) the Director shall provide grants to States with a demonstrated financial need or lack of institutional incapacity to develop a wildlife health action plan under paragraph (1) (ii) the Director of the Bureau of Indian Affairs shall provide grants to Indian Tribes with a demonstrated financial need or lack of institutional incapacity to develop a wildlife health action plan under paragraph (1) (B) Use of funds A recipient may use grant funds received under this paragraph to develop a wildlife health action plan to be submitted under paragraph (1). (C) Limitation on amount of funds (i) State funds The Director may not distribute under subparagraph (A) (ii) Funds for Indian Tribes The Director of the Bureau of Indian Affairs may not distribute under subparagraph (A) (c) Distribution to States The Director shall, in each fiscal year beginning after the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, distribute not less than $15,500,000 to the States with a wildlife health action plan for the applicable fiscal year approved under subsection (b)(1) (1) the land area of each such State; (2) the population of each such as determined in the most recent census; (3) the presence of any source of increased risk or occurrence of wildlife diseases affecting a State; and (4) the need to develop capacity to surveil wildlife diseases in each State. (d) Distribution to Indian Tribes (1) In general The Director of the Bureau of Indian affairs shall, in each fiscal year beginning after the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, distribute not less than $3,000,000 to Indian Tribes through a noncompetitive grant program. (2) Criteria The Director of the Bureau of Indian Affairs shall, in consultation with Indian Tribes, establish criteria for the distribution of funds under paragraph (1) (e) Participation in information sharing Each State, Indian Tribe, and grant recipient under this section shall participate in the Wildlife Disease Surveillance Program and contribute wildlife disease data to the Database. 4. Grant program (a) Establishment The Director shall establish a grant program to provide grants to eligible entities for the purposes described in section 3(a). (b) Administrative expenses The Director may not expend more than 3 percent of the amounts made available to carry out this section for administrative expenses. (c) Eligible entities For the purposes of this subsection, the term eligible entities (1) an organization described in section 501(c)(3) (2) an institution of higher education (as such term is defined in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001(a) (3) a part B institution (as such term is defined in section 322 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1061 (4) a Tribal College or University (as such term is defined in section 317(d) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1059d(d) (5) a partnership of State, local, and Tribal agencies or governments that includes at representation from not less than 2 States or 1 State and 1 Tribe; or (6) a partnership between entities described in paragraph (1) 5. Wildlife Disease Surveillance Program (a) Establishment The Director, acting through the Wildlife Health Office of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and in consultation with the Director of the United States Geological Survey, shall establish a program to— (1) monitor wildlife disease threats to evaluate the risk posed by and impact of such diseases on the United States; (2) conduct research and development to create statistically supported sampling frameworks for broad-scale surveillance of wildlife disease threats; (3) conduct research on wildlife disease transmission and on effective outreach to stakeholders to help manage wildlife disease; (4) conduct statistical modeling to understand and predict wildlife disease movement; and (5) develop testing protocols for samples suspected of carrying wildlife diseases. (b) Wildlife Trade Task Force (1) Establishment The Secretary shall, not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, establish the Disease in Wildlife Trade Task Force to carry out the following purposes: (A) Develop a comprehensive surveillance system of wildlife imports to the United States. (B) Perform risk analysis of wildlife diseases. (C) Perform data analysis relating to wildlife disease surveillance. (D) Provide technical assistance to Federal, State, Tribal, and local governments carrying out wildlife disease prevention and enforcement with respect to the wildlife trade. (2) Membership The Task Force shall be composed of a representative of each of the following: (A) The United States Fish and Wildlife Service. (B) The United States Geological Survey. (C) The Secretary of State. (D) The Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development. (E) The Secretary of Homeland Security. (F) Such State and Tribal wildlife agencies that submit a request to the Secretary to participate in the Task Force as do not exceed 1 State representative per regions of the United States as identified by the Director and 1 Tribal representative per region of the United States identified by the Director of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. (G) The Director of the Centers for Disease Control. (H) The Secretary of Agriculture. (I) The Secretary of Commerce. (3) Report The Task Force shall, not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, submit to Congress a report on— (A) the available quarantine facilities for animals with wildlife diseases, including through public-private partnerships; (B) the sufficiency of such facilities to fulfill the purposes of this Act; and (C) legislative and regulatory recommendations, determined in consultation with the Advisory Committee, to improve the availability of such facilities for Federal, State, and Tribal users. 6. Wildlife Disease Emergency Response Program (a) Establishment The Director shall establish the Wildlife Disease Emergency Response Program to— (1) provide and coordinate Federal incident command training, operations, and resources specific to wildlife health issues; (2) support emergency containment and research activities in response to wildlife disease emergencies; and (3) establish and provide training to Federal, State, and Tribal agencies on animal welfare best practices during wildlife disease emergency planning and response activities. (b) Federal Wildlife Disease Emergency Response Fund There is hereby established in the Treasury an account to be known as the Federal Wildlife Disease Emergency Response Fund subsection (c) (c) Authority (1) Declaration of emergency The Secretary may declare a wildlife health emergency at the request of a Governor of a State or the head of a Tribal Government. During the period of such an emergency, the Secretary may— (A) use the authorities and the resources granted to the Secretary under Federal law to support State, Tribal, and local wildlife disease emergency management efforts relating to such emergency; (B) coordinate emergency assistance (including voluntary assistance) provided by Federal agencies, private organizations, and State, Tribal, and local governments relating to such emergency; (C) provide technical and advisory assistance to affected State, Tribal, and local governments relating to— (i) wildlife health and safety measures; (ii) issuance of warnings of risks or hazards; and (iii) providing public information relating to wildlife health and safety; (D) authorize Federal spending from the Federal Wildlife Disease Emergency Response fund established under subsection (b) (2) Federal share The Federal share of emergency costs for the activities described in paragraph (1) (A) 80 percent of such costs; or (B) $3,000,000, or such amount as the Secretary determines appropriate if the Secretary determines, in consultation with relevant Federal agencies with responsibilities relating to human health, that there is an immediate risk to human health or that no other source of assistance is available to address such emergency in a timely manner. (d) Wildlife disease emergency The term wildlife disease emergency (1) is caused by— (A) a newly discovered pathogen; (B) a known wildlife disease that is expanding its geographic range; or (C) a wildlife disease that is affecting a previously unaffected population of a wildlife species; (2) poses significant threats to the sustainability of wildlife populations; or (3) poses a significant threat to ecosystem function, including ecosystem processes or resilience. 7. Centers for Study and Diagnostics of Wildlife Diseases (a) Application Institutions of Higher Education may submit an application to the Director of the United States Geological Survey in such time, place, and manner as the Director determines appropriate to enter into a cooperative agreement to operate a Center for the Study and Diagnostics of Wildlife Diseases. (b) Criteria for evaluation The Director of the United States Geological Survey, in consultation with the Interagency Working Group and the Advisory Committee, shall establish criteria for evaluation of applications submitted under subsection (a) (1) including laboratory capabilities; (2) strength of veterinary, public health, and ecology programs; (3) dedicated expert staff; and (4) working relationships with State agencies, Indian Tribes, and other key partners. (c) Minimum number of centers The Director shall, not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, approve not less than 3 complete applications submitted under subsection (a) (d) Geographic distribution In approving applications under this section, the Director shall ensure that the centers are geographically distributed across the United States. (e) Purpose Each center established under this section shall— (1) provide technical assistance to States and Indian Tribes to carry out the purposes described in section 3(a) (2) establish partnerships with local institutions of higher education to conduct surveillance and treatment of wildlife diseases and research, including relevant ecological research; (3) advance wildlife disease surveillance workforce development; (4) develop, validate, and deploy diagnostic tests for wildlife diseases; (5) provide diagnostic services to Federal, State, and Tribal government agencies. 8. Federal One Health Interagency Working Group (a) Establishment The Secretary of the Interior, the Director of the Centers for Disease Control, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Agriculture shall establish the Federal One Health Interagency Working Group to strengthen One Health collaboration related to the prevention, detection, control, and response for the prioritized zoonotic diseases and related One Health work across the Federal Government. (b) Chair The members of the Interagency Working Group shall rotate serving as Chair of such Unit at a frequency to be determined jointly by such members. (c) Determination of agency responsibility The Interagency Working Group shall determine the responsibilities of each member agency with respect to the surveillance and treatment of and research and development programs relating to wildlife diseases. (d) Participation of other Federal agencies The Interagency Working Group may invite a Federal agency with a mission related to the purposes of this Act to participate as a member in such working group. (e) Unit coordinator Each Federal agency that is a member of the Interagency Working Group shall appoint a dedicated coordinator to coordinate the activities of such agency with such working group. (f) Coordinator for Secretary of Interior The Coordinator appointed by the Secretary of the Interior under subsection (e) 9. Wildlife Disease Surveillance Advisory Committee (a) Establishment The Secretary shall establish the Wildlife Disease Surveillance Advisory Committee within the Department of the Interior. (b) Appointment of members The Advisory Committee shall be composed of— (1) representatives of— (A) the Chairperson of the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies’ Fish and Wildlife Health Committee; (B) the Director of the United States Geological Survey; (C) the Director of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; (D) the Director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; (E) the Director; (F) each of the regional Associations of Fish And Wildlife Agencies; (G) each of the Wildlife Disease Centers; and (H) Indian Tribes from each region of the United States identified by the Director of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. (2) 4 academic representatives from institutions of higher education appointed by the Secretary for expertise in wildlife population health, epidemiology, biology, ecology, conservation, or natural resource management; and (3) 1 representative of a relevant public or private organization appointed by the Secretary for expertise in wildlife population health, epidemiology, biology, ecology, conservation, or natural resource management. (c) Term of appointment Each council member appointed under paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (b) 10. National Wildlife Disease Database (a) Establishment The Secretary shall establish and maintain the National Wildlife Disease Database to centralize data relating to wildlife diseases. (b) Required submission of information Each Federal agency and each recipient of a grant under section 4 (c) Format of information The Advisory Committee shall establish a uniform format for data submissions to the Database. (d) Diseases included The Advisory Committee and the Interagency Working Group shall jointly, not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, establish and maintain a list of diseases subject to reporting under this section. (e) Federal Agency access The Secretary shall provide access to the database to— (1) the Director of the Centers for Disease Control; (2) the Secretary of Agriculture; (3) the Secretary of Commerce; and (4) such other heads of Federal, State, and Tribal agencies as the Secretary determines appropriate. (f) Regulations The Secretary may issue such regulations as the Secretary determines appropriate to carry out this section. (g) Study The Secretary shall, not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, submit a report to Congress on the most appropriate way to structure the National Wildlife Disease Database to make data as available to the public as possible without disclosing sensitive data relating to Tribal sovereign data, data that poses a threat to national security or public health, or sensitive State or private data. 11. Authorization of appropriations (a) In general There is hereby authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2023 and each fiscal year thereafter the following amounts: (1) to the Director— (A) $19,505,000 to carry out section 3; (B) $15,000,000 to carry out section 5; (C) $5,000,000 to carry out section 6; and (D) $10,000,000, to remain available until expended, to be deposited in the Federal Wildlife Disease Emergency Response Fund established under section 6(b); (2) to the Director of the United States Geological Survey— (A) $20,000,000 to be distributed to the Centers for the Study and Diagnostics of Wildlife Diseases established under section 7; and (B) $10,000,000 million to carry out section 5; (3) to the Secretary— (A) $400,000 to carry out section 9; and (B) $10,000,000 for the purposes of carrying out section 10. (b) Grant program There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the Director $27,000,000 for fiscal years 2023 through 2025 to carry out section 4. (c) Report There is authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000 to the Secretary for fiscal year 2023, to remain available until expended, to carry out section 5(b)(3).

Summary: Wildlife Disease Surveillance for Pandemic Prevention Act of 2022 This bill establishes programs, grants, and activities to support surveillance of and response to diseases that affect wildlife (i.e., any animal that is not livestock or poultry).