USA FREEDOM Act of 2015

To reform the authorities of the Federal Government to require the production of certain business records, conduct electronic surveillance, use pen registers and trap and trace devices, and use other forms of information gathering for foreign intelligence, counterterrorism, and criminal purposes, and for other purposes. 1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015 USA FREEDOM Act of 2015 (b) Table of contents The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978. Title I—FISA business records reforms Sec. 101. Additional requirements for call detail records. Sec. 102. Emergency authority. Sec. 103. Prohibition on bulk collection of tangible things. Sec. 104. Judicial review. Sec. 105. Liability protection. Sec. 106. Compensation for assistance. Sec. 107. Definitions. Sec. 108. Inspector General reports on business records orders. Sec. 109. Effective date. Sec. 110. Rule of construction. Title II—FISA pen register and trap and trace device reform Sec. 201. Prohibition on bulk collection. Sec. 202. Privacy procedures. Title III—FISA acquisitions targeting persons outside the United States reforms Sec. 301. Limits on use of unlawfully obtained information. Title IV—Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court reforms Sec. 401. Appointment of amicus curiae. Sec. 402. Declassification of decisions, orders, and opinions. Title V—National Security Letter reform Sec. 501. Prohibition on bulk collection. Sec. 502. Limitations on disclosure of national security letters. Sec. 503. Judicial review. Title VI—FISA transparency and reporting requirements Sec. 601. Additional reporting on orders requiring production of business records; business records compliance reports to Congress. Sec. 602. Annual reports by the Government. Sec. 603. Public reporting by persons subject to FISA orders. Sec. 604. Reporting requirements for decisions, orders, and opinions of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review. Sec. 605. Submission of reports under FISA. Title VII—Enhanced national security provisions Sec. 701. Emergencies involving non-United States persons. Sec. 702. Preservation of treatment of non-United States persons traveling outside the United States as agents of foreign powers. Sec. 703. Improvement to investigations of international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Sec. 704. Increase in penalties for material support of foreign terrorist organizations. Sec. 705. Sunsets. Title VIII—Safety of Maritime Navigation and Nuclear Terrorism Conventions Implementation Subtitle A—Safety of Maritime Navigation Sec. 801. Amendment to section 2280 of title 18, United States Code. Sec. 802. New section 2280a of title 18, United States Code. Sec. 803. Amendments to section 2281 of title 18, United States Code. Sec. 804. New section 2281a of title 18, United States Code. Sec. 805. Ancillary measure. Subtitle B—Prevention of Nuclear Terrorism Sec. 811. New section 2332i of title 18, United States Code. Sec. 812. Amendment to section 831 of title 18, United States Code. 2. Amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever in this Act an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or a repeal of, a section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a section or other provision of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 ( 50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq. I FISA business records reforms 101. Additional requirements for call detail records (a) Application Section 501(b)(2) ( 50 U.S.C. 1861(b)(2) (1) in subparagraph (A)— (A) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking a statement in the case of an application other than an application described in subparagraph (C) (including an application for the production of call detail records other than in the manner described in subparagraph (C)), a statement (B) in clause (iii), by striking ; and (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as subparagraphs (B) and (D), respectively; and (3) by inserting after subparagraph (B) (as so redesignated) the following new subparagraph: (C) in the case of an application for the production on an ongoing basis of call detail records created before, on, or after the date of the application relating to an authorized investigation (other than a threat assessment) conducted in accordance with subsection (a)(2) to protect against international terrorism, a statement of facts showing that— (i) there are reasonable grounds to believe that the call detail records sought to be produced based on the specific selection term required under subparagraph (A) are relevant to such investigation; and (ii) there is a reasonable, articulable suspicion that such specific selection term is associated with a foreign power engaged in international terrorism or activities in preparation therefor, or an agent of a foreign power engaged in international terrorism or activities in preparation therefor; and . (b) Order Section 501(c)(2) ( 50 U.S.C. 1861(c)(2) (1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ; and (2) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period and inserting ; and (3) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: (F) in the case of an application described in subsection (b)(2)(C), shall— (i) authorize the production on a daily basis of call detail records for a period not to exceed 180 days; (ii) provide that an order for such production may be extended upon application under subsection (b) and the judicial finding under paragraph (1) of this subsection; (iii) provide that the Government may require the prompt production of a first set of call detail records using the specific selection term that satisfies the standard required under subsection (b)(2)(C)(ii); (iv) provide that the Government may require the prompt production of a second set of call detail records using session-identifying information or a telephone calling card number identified by the specific selection term used to produce call detail records under clause (iii); (v) provide that, when produced, such records be in a form that will be useful to the Government; (vi) direct each person the Government directs to produce call detail records under the order to furnish the Government forthwith all information, facilities, or technical assistance necessary to accomplish the production in such a manner as will protect the secrecy of the production and produce a minimum of interference with the services that such person is providing to each subject of the production; and (vii) direct the Government to— (I) adopt minimization procedures that require the prompt destruction of all call detail records produced under the order that the Government determines are not foreign intelligence information; and (II) destroy all call detail records produced under the order as prescribed by such procedures. . 102. Emergency authority (a) Authority Section 501 ( 50 U.S.C. 1861 (i) Emergency authority for production of tangible things (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the Attorney General may require the emergency production of tangible things if the Attorney General— (A) reasonably determines that an emergency situation requires the production of tangible things before an order authorizing such production can with due diligence be obtained; (B) reasonably determines that the factual basis for the issuance of an order under this section to approve such production of tangible things exists; (C) informs, either personally or through a designee, a judge having jurisdiction under this section at the time the Attorney General requires the emergency production of tangible things that the decision has been made to employ the authority under this subsection; and (D) makes an application in accordance with this section to a judge having jurisdiction under this section as soon as practicable, but not later than 7 days after the Attorney General requires the emergency production of tangible things under this subsection. (2) If the Attorney General requires the emergency production of tangible things under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall require that the minimization procedures required by this section for the issuance of a judicial order be followed. (3) In the absence of a judicial order approving the production of tangible things under this subsection, the production shall terminate when the information sought is obtained, when the application for the order is denied, or after the expiration of 7 days from the time the Attorney General begins requiring the emergency production of such tangible things, whichever is earliest. (4) A denial of the application made under this subsection may be reviewed as provided in section 103. (5) If such application for approval is denied, or in any other case where the production of tangible things is terminated and no order is issued approving the production, no information obtained or evidence derived from such production shall be received in evidence or otherwise disclosed in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, department, office, agency, regulatory body, legislative committee, or other authority of the United States, a State, or a political subdivision thereof, and no information concerning any United States person acquired from such production shall subsequently be used or disclosed in any other manner by Federal officers or employees without the consent of such person, except with the approval of the Attorney General if the information indicates a threat of death or serious bodily harm to any person. (6) The Attorney General shall assess compliance with the requirements of paragraph (5). . (b) Conforming amendment Section 501(d) ( 50 U.S.C. 1861(d) (1) in paragraph (1)— (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking pursuant to an order pursuant to an order issued or an emergency production required (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking such order such order or such emergency production (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking the order the order or the emergency production (2) in paragraph (2)— (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking an order an order or emergency production (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking an order an order or emergency production 103. Prohibition on bulk collection of tangible things (a) Application Section 501(b)(2) ( 50 U.S.C. 1861(b)(2) (A) a specific selection term to be used as the basis for the production of the tangible things sought; . (b) Order Section 501(c) ( 50 U.S.C. 1861(c) (1) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking the semicolon and inserting , including each specific selection term to be used as the basis for the production; (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph: (3) No order issued under this subsection may authorize the collection of tangible things without the use of a specific selection term that meets the requirements of subsection (b)(2). . 104. Judicial review (a) Minimization procedures (1) Judicial review Section 501(c)(1) ( 50 U.S.C. 1861(c)(1) subsections (a) and (b) and that the minimization procedures submitted in accordance with subsection (b)(2)(D) meet the definition of minimization procedures under subsection (g) (2) Rule of construction Section 501(g) ( 50 U.S.C. 1861(g) (3) Rule of construction Nothing in this subsection shall limit the authority of the court established under section 103(a) to impose additional, particularized minimization procedures with regard to the production, retention, or dissemination of nonpublicly available information concerning unconsenting United States persons, including additional, particularized procedures related to the destruction of information within a reasonable time period. . (3) Technical and conforming amendment Section 501(g)(1) ( 50 U.S.C. 1861(g)(1) (A) by striking Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005, the The (B) by inserting after adopt , and update as appropriate, (b) Orders Section 501(f)(2) ( 50 U.S.C. 1861(f)(2) (1) in subparagraph (A)(i)— (A) by striking that order the production order or any nondisclosure order imposed in connection with the production order (B) by striking the second sentence; and (2) in subparagraph (C)— (A) by striking clause (ii); and (B) by redesignating clause (iii) as clause (ii). 105. Liability protection Section 501(e) ( 50 U.S.C. 1861(e) (e) (1) No cause of action shall lie in any court against a person who— (A) produces tangible things or provides information, facilities, or technical assistance in accordance with an order issued or an emergency production required under this section; or (B) otherwise provides technical assistance to the Government under this section or to implement the amendments made to this section by the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015 (2) A production or provision of information, facilities, or technical assistance described in paragraph (1) shall not be deemed to constitute a waiver of any privilege in any other proceeding or context. . 106. Compensation for assistance Section 501 ( 50 U.S.C. 1861 (j) Compensation The Government shall compensate a person for reasonable expenses incurred for— (1) producing tangible things or providing information, facilities, or assistance in accordance with an order issued with respect to an application described in subsection (b)(2)(C) or an emergency production under subsection (i) that, to comply with subsection (i)(1)(D), requires an application described in subsection (b)(2)(C); or (2) otherwise providing technical assistance to the Government under this section or to implement the amendments made to this section by the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015 . 107. Definitions Section 501 ( 50 U.S.C. 1861 (k) Definitions In this section: (1) In general The terms foreign power agent of a foreign power international terrorism foreign intelligence information Attorney General United States person United States person State (2) Address The term address (3) Call detail record The term call detail record (A) means session-identifying information (including an originating or terminating telephone number, an International Mobile Subscriber Identity number, or an International Mobile Station Equipment Identity number), a telephone calling card number, or the time or duration of a call; and (B) does not include— (i) the contents (as defined in section 2510(8) of title 18, United States Code) of any communication; (ii) the name, address, or financial information of a subscriber or customer; or (iii) cell site location or global positioning system information. (4) Specific selection term (A) Tangible things (i) In general Except as provided in subparagraph (B), a specific selection term (I) is a term that specifically identifies a person, account, address, or personal device, or any other specific identifier; and (II) is used to limit, to the greatest extent reasonably practicable, the scope of tangible things sought consistent with the purpose for seeking the tangible things. (ii) Limitation A specific selection term under clause (i) does not include an identifier that does not limit, to the greatest extent reasonably practicable, the scope of tangible things sought consistent with the purpose for seeking the tangible things, such as an identifier that— (I) identifies an electronic communication service provider (as that term is defined in section 701) or a provider of remote computing service (as that term is defined in section 2711 of title 18, United States Code), when not used as part of a specific identifier as described in clause (i), unless the provider is itself a subject of an authorized investigation for which the specific selection term is used as the basis for the production; or (II) identifies a broad geographic region, including the United States, a city, a county, a State, a zip code, or an area code, when not used as part of a specific identifier as described in clause (i). (iii) Rule of construction Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to preclude the use of multiple terms or identifiers to meet the requirements of clause (i). (B) Call detail record applications For purposes of an application submitted under subsection (b)(2)(C), the term specific selection term . 108. Inspector General reports on business records orders Section 106A of the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 ( Public Law 109–177 (1) in subsection (b)— (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting and calendar years 2012 through 2014 2006 (B) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3); (C) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively; and (D) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated)— (i) by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the following new subparagraph: (C) with respect to calendar years 2012 through 2014, an examination of the minimization procedures used in relation to orders under section 501 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 ( 50 U.S.C. 1861 ; and (ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking (as such term is defined in section 3(4) of the National Security Act of 1947 ( 50 U.S.C. 401a(4) (2) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following new paragraph: (3) Calendar years 2012 through 2014 Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015 ; (3) by redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as subsections (e) and (f), respectively; (4) by inserting after subsection (c) the following new subsection: (d) Intelligence assessment (1) In general For the period beginning on January 1, 2012, and ending on December 31, 2014, the Inspector General of the Intelligence Community shall assess— (A) the importance of the information acquired under title V of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 ( 50 U.S.C. 1861 et seq. (B) the manner in which that information was collected, retained, analyzed, and disseminated by the intelligence community; (C) the minimization procedures used by elements of the intelligence community under such title and whether the minimization procedures adequately protect the constitutional rights of United States persons; and (D) any minimization procedures proposed by an element of the intelligence community under such title that were modified or denied by the court established under section 103(a) of such Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1803(a) (2) Submission date for assessment Not later than 180 days after the date on which the Inspector General of the Department of Justice submits the report required under subsection (c)(3), the Inspector General of the Intelligence Community shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives a report containing the results of the assessment for calendar years 2012 through 2014. ; (5) in subsection (e), as redesignated by paragraph (3)— (A) in paragraph (1)— (i) by striking a report under subsection (c)(1) or (c)(2) any report under subsection (c) or (d) (ii) by striking Inspector General of the Department of Justice Inspector General of the Department of Justice, the Inspector General of the Intelligence Community, and any Inspector General of an element of the intelligence community that prepares a report to assist the Inspector General of the Department of Justice or the Inspector General of the Intelligence Community in complying with the requirements of this section (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the reports submitted under subsections (c)(1) and (c)(2) any report submitted under subsection (c) or (d) (6) in subsection (f), as redesignated by paragraph (3)— (A) by striking The reports submitted under subsections (c)(1) and (c)(2) Each report submitted under subsection (c) (B) by striking subsection (d)(2) subsection (e)(2) (7) by adding at the end the following new subsection: (g) Definitions In this section: (1) Intelligence community The term intelligence community 50 U.S.C. 3003 (2) United States person The term United States person 50 U.S.C. 1801 . 109. Effective date (a) In general The amendments made by sections 101 through 103 shall take effect on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act. (b) Rule of construction Nothing in this Act shall be construed to alter or eliminate the authority of the Government to obtain an order under title V of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 ( 50 U.S.C. 1861 et seq. 110. Rule of construction Nothing in this Act shall be construed to authorize the production of the contents (as such term is defined in section 2510(8) of title 18, United States Code) of any electronic communication from an electronic communication service provider (as such term is defined in section 701(b)(4) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 ( 50 U.S.C. 1881(b)(4) 50 U.S.C. 1861 et seq. II FISA pen register and trap and trace device reform 201. Prohibition on bulk collection (a) Prohibition Section 402(c) ( 50 U.S.C. 1842(c) (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ; and (2) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph: (3) a specific selection term to be used as the basis for the use of the pen register or trap and trace device. . (b) Definition Section 401 ( 50 U.S.C. 1841 (4) (A) The term specific selection term (i) is a term that specifically identifies a person, account, address, or personal device, or any other specific identifier; and (ii) is used to limit, to the greatest extent reasonably practicable, the scope of information sought, consistent with the purpose for seeking the use of the pen register or trap and trace device. (B) A specific selection term under subparagraph (A) does not include an identifier that does not limit, to the greatest extent reasonably practicable, the scope of information sought, consistent with the purpose for seeking the use of the pen register or trap and trace device, such as an identifier that— (i) identifies an electronic communication service provider (as that term is defined in section 701) or a provider of remote computing service (as that term is defined in section 2711 of title 18, United States Code), when not used as part of a specific identifier as described in subparagraph (A), unless the provider is itself a subject of an authorized investigation for which the specific selection term is used as the basis for the use; or (ii) identifies a broad geographic region, including the United States, a city, a county, a State, a zip code, or an area code, when not used as part of a specific identifier as described in subparagraph (A). (C) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term address (D) Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to preclude the use of multiple terms or identifiers to meet the requirements of subparagraph (A). . 202. Privacy procedures (a) In general Section 402 ( 50 U.S.C. 1842 (h) Privacy procedures (1) In general The Attorney General shall ensure that appropriate policies and procedures are in place to safeguard nonpublicly available information concerning United States persons that is collected through the use of a pen register or trap and trace device installed under this section. Such policies and procedures shall, to the maximum extent practicable and consistent with the need to protect national security, include privacy protections that apply to the collection, retention, and use of information concerning United States persons. (2) Rule of construction Nothing in this subsection limits the authority of the court established under section 103(a) or of the Attorney General to impose additional privacy or minimization procedures with regard to the installation or use of a pen register or trap and trace device. . (b) Emergency authority Section 403 ( 50 U.S.C. 1843 (d) Privacy procedures Information collected through the use of a pen register or trap and trace device installed under this section shall be subject to the policies and procedures required under section 402(h). . III FISA acquisitions targeting persons outside the United States reforms 301. Limits on use of unlawfully obtained information Section 702(i)(3) ( 50 U.S.C. 1881a(i)(3) (D) Limitation on use of information (i) In general Except as provided in clause (ii), if the Court orders a correction of a deficiency in a certification or procedures under subparagraph (B), no information obtained or evidence derived pursuant to the part of the certification or procedures that has been identified by the Court as deficient concerning any United States person shall be received in evidence or otherwise disclosed in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, department, office, agency, regulatory body, legislative committee, or other authority of the United States, a State, or political subdivision thereof, and no information concerning any United States person acquired pursuant to such part of such certification or procedures shall subsequently be used or disclosed in any other manner by Federal officers or employees without the consent of the United States person, except with the approval of the Attorney General if the information indicates a threat of death or serious bodily harm to any person. (ii) Exception If the Government corrects any deficiency identified by the order of the Court under subparagraph (B), the Court may permit the use or disclosure of information obtained before the date of the correction under such minimization procedures as the Court may approve for purposes of this clause. . IV Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court reforms 401. Appointment of amicus curiae Section 103 ( 50 U.S.C. 1803 (i) Amicus curiae (1) Designation The presiding judges of the courts established under subsections (a) and (b) shall, not later than 180 days after the enactment of this subsection, jointly designate not fewer than 5 individuals to be eligible to serve as amicus curiae, who shall serve pursuant to rules the presiding judges may establish. In designating such individuals, the presiding judges may consider individuals recommended by any source, including members of the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, the judges determine appropriate. (2) Authorization A court established under subsection (a) or (b), consistent with the requirement of subsection (c) and any other statutory requirement that the court act expeditiously or within a stated time— (A) shall appoint an individual who has been designated under paragraph (1) to serve as amicus curiae to assist such court in the consideration of any application for an order or review that, in the opinion of the court, presents a novel or significant interpretation of the law, unless the court issues a finding that such appointment is not appropriate; and (B) may appoint an individual or organization to serve as amicus curiae, including to provide technical expertise, in any instance as such court deems appropriate or, upon motion, permit an individual or organization leave to file an amicus curiae brief. (3) Qualifications of amicus curiae (A) Expertise Individuals designated under paragraph (1) shall be persons who possess expertise in privacy and civil liberties, intelligence collection, communications technology, or any other area that may lend legal or technical expertise to a court established under subsection (a) or (b). (B) Security clearance Individuals designated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be persons who are determined to be eligible for access to classified information necessary to participate in matters before the courts. Amicus curiae appointed by the court pursuant to paragraph (2) shall be persons who are determined to be eligible for access to classified information, if such access is necessary to participate in the matters in which they may be appointed. (4) Duties If a court established under subsection (a) or (b) appoints an amicus curiae under paragraph (2)(A), the amicus curiae shall provide to the court, as appropriate— (A) legal arguments that advance the protection of individual privacy and civil liberties; (B) information related to intelligence collection or communications technology; or (C) legal arguments or information regarding any other area relevant to the issue presented to the court. (5) Assistance An amicus curiae appointed under paragraph (2)(A) may request that the court designate or appoint additional amici curiae pursuant to paragraph (1) or paragraph (2), to be available to assist the amicus curiae. (6) Access to information (A) In general If a court established under subsection (a) or (b) appoints an amicus curiae under paragraph (2)(A), the amicus curiae— (i) shall have access to all relevant legal precedent, and any application, certification, petition, motion, or such other materials that the court determines are relevant to the duties of the amicus curiae; and (ii) may, if the court determines that it is relevant to the duties of the amicus curiae, consult with any other individuals designated pursuant to paragraph (1) regarding information relevant to any assigned proceeding. (B) Briefings The Attorney General may periodically brief or provide relevant materials to amicus curiae designated pursuant to paragraph (1) regarding constructions and interpretations of this Act and legal, technological, and other issues related to actions authorized by this Act. (C) Classified Information An amicus curiae designated or appointed by the court may have access to classified documents, information, and other materials or proceedings only if that individual is eligible for access to classified information and to the extent consistent with the national security of the United States. (D) Rule of construction Nothing in this section shall be construed to require the Government to provide information to an amicus curiae appointed by the court that is privileged from disclosure. (7) Notification A presiding judge of a court established under subsection (a) or (b) shall notify the Attorney General of each exercise of the authority to appoint an individual to serve as amicus curiae under paragraph (2). (8) Assistance A court established under subsection (a) or (b) may request and receive (including on a nonreimbursable basis) the assistance of the executive branch in the implementation of this subsection. (9) Administration A court established under subsection (a) or (b) may provide for the designation, appointment, removal, training, or other support for an individual appointed to serve as amicus curiae under paragraph (2) in a manner that is not inconsistent with this subsection. (10) Receipt of information Nothing in this subsection shall limit the ability of a court established under subsection (a) or (b) to request or receive information or materials from, or otherwise communicate with, the Government or amicus curiae appointed under paragraph (2) on an ex parte basis, nor limit any special or heightened obligation in any ex parte communication or proceeding. (j) Review of FISA court decisions Following issuance of an order under this Act, a court established under subsection (a) shall certify for review to the court established under subsection (b) any question of law that may affect resolution of the matter in controversy that the court determines warrants such review because of a need for uniformity or because consideration by the court established under subsection (b) would serve the interests of justice. Upon certification of a question of law under this subsection, the court established under subsection (b) may give binding instructions or require the entire record to be sent up for decision of the entire matter in controversy. (k) Review of FISA court of review decisions (1) Certification For purposes of section 1254(2) of title 28, United States Code, the court of review established under subsection (b) shall be considered to be a court of appeals. (2) Amicus curiae briefing Upon certification of an application under paragraph (1), the Supreme Court of the United States may appoint an amicus curiae designated under subsection (i)(1), or any other person, to provide briefing or other assistance. . 402. Declassification of decisions, orders, and opinions (a) Declassification Title VI ( 50 U.S.C. 1871 et seq. (1) in the heading, by striking Reporting requirement Oversight (2) by adding at the end the following new section: 602. Declassification of significant decisions, orders, and opinions (a) Declassification required Subject to subsection (b), the Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the Attorney General, shall conduct a declassification review of each decision, order, or opinion issued by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (as defined in section 601(e)) that includes a significant construction or interpretation of any provision of law, including any novel or significant construction or interpretation of the term specific selection term (b) Redacted form The Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the Attorney General, may satisfy the requirement under subsection (a) to make a decision, order, or opinion described in such subsection publicly available to the greatest extent practicable by making such decision, order, or opinion publicly available in redacted form. (c) National security waiver The Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the Attorney General, may waive the requirement to declassify and make publicly available a particular decision, order, or opinion under subsection (a), if— (1) the Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the Attorney General, determines that a waiver of such requirement is necessary to protect the national security of the United States or properly classified intelligence sources or methods; and (2) the Director of National Intelligence makes publicly available an unclassified statement prepared by the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence— (A) summarizing the significant construction or interpretation of any provision of law, which shall include, to the extent consistent with national security, a description of the context in which the matter arises and any significant construction or interpretation of any statute, constitutional provision, or other legal authority relied on by the decision; and (B) that specifies that the statement has been prepared by the Attorney General and constitutes no part of the opinion of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review. . (b) Table of contents amendments The table of contents in the first section is amended— (1) by striking the item relating to title VI and inserting the following new item: TITLE VI—OVERSIGHT ; and (2) by inserting after the item relating to section 601 the following new item: Sec. 602. Declassification of significant decisions, orders, and opinions. . V National Security Letter reform 501. Prohibition on bulk collection (a) Counterintelligence access to telephone toll and transactional records Section 2709(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by striking may may, using a term that specifically identifies a person, entity, telephone number, or account as the basis for a request (b) Access to financial records for certain intelligence and protective purposes Section 1114(a)(2) of the Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978 ( 12 U.S.C. 3414(a)(2) and a term that specifically identifies a customer, entity, or account to be used as the basis for the production and disclosure of financial records. (c) Disclosures to FBI of certain consumer records for counterintelligence purposes Section 626 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act ( 15 U.S.C. 1681u (1) in subsection (a), by striking that information, that information that includes a term that specifically identifies a consumer or account to be used as the basis for the production of that information, (2) in subsection (b), by striking written request, written request that includes a term that specifically identifies a consumer or account to be used as the basis for the production of that information, (3) in subsection (c), by inserting , which shall include a term that specifically identifies a consumer or account to be used as the basis for the production of the information, issue an order ex parte (d) Disclosures to governmental agencies for counterterrorism purposes of consumer reports Section 627(a) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act ( 15 U.S.C. 1681v(a) analysis. analysis and that includes a term that specifically identifies a consumer or account to be used as the basis for the production of such information. 502. Limitations on disclosure of national security letters (a) Counterintelligence access to telephone toll and transactional records Section 2709 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following new subsection: (c) Prohibition of certain disclosure (1) Prohibition (A) In general If a certification is issued under subparagraph (B) and notice of the right to judicial review under subsection (d) is provided, no wire or electronic communication service provider that receives a request under subsection (b), or officer, employee, or agent thereof, shall disclose to any person that the Federal Bureau of Investigation has sought or obtained access to information or records under this section. (B) Certification The requirements of subparagraph (A) shall apply if the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or a designee of the Director whose rank shall be no lower than Deputy Assistant Director at Bureau headquarters or a Special Agent in Charge of a Bureau field office, certifies that the absence of a prohibition of disclosure under this subsection may result in— (i) a danger to the national security of the United States; (ii) interference with a criminal, counterterrorism, or counterintelligence investigation; (iii) interference with diplomatic relations; or (iv) danger to the life or physical safety of any person. (2) Exception (A) In general A wire or electronic communication service provider that receives a request under subsection (b), or officer, employee, or agent thereof, may disclose information otherwise subject to any applicable nondisclosure requirement to— (i) those persons to whom disclosure is necessary in order to comply with the request; (ii) an attorney in order to obtain legal advice or assistance regarding the request; or (iii) other persons as permitted by the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the designee of the Director. (B) Application A person to whom disclosure is made under subparagraph (A) shall be subject to the nondisclosure requirements applicable to a person to whom a request is issued under subsection (b) in the same manner as the person to whom the request is issued. (C) Notice Any recipient that discloses to a person described in subparagraph (A) information otherwise subject to a nondisclosure requirement shall notify the person of the applicable nondisclosure requirement. (D) Identification of disclosure recipients At the request of the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the designee of the Director, any person making or intending to make a disclosure under clause (i) or (iii) of subparagraph (A) shall identify to the Director or such designee the person to whom such disclosure will be made or to whom such disclosure was made prior to the request. . (b) Access to financial records for certain intelligence and protective purposes Section 1114 of the Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978 ( 12 U.S.C. 3414 (1) in subsection (a)(5), by striking subparagraph (D); and (2) by inserting after subsection (b) the following new subsection: (c) Prohibition of certain disclosure (1) Prohibition (A) In general If a certification is issued under subparagraph (B) and notice of the right to judicial review under subsection (d) is provided, no financial institution that receives a request under subsection (a), or officer, employee, or agent thereof, shall disclose to any person that the Federal Bureau of Investigation has sought or obtained access to information or records under subsection (a). (B) Certification The requirements of subparagraph (A) shall apply if the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or a designee of the Director whose rank shall be no lower than Deputy Assistant Director at Bureau headquarters or a Special Agent in Charge of a Bureau field office, certifies that the absence of a prohibition of disclosure under this subsection may result in— (i) a danger to the national security of the United States; (ii) interference with a criminal, counterterrorism, or counterintelligence investigation; (iii) interference with diplomatic relations; or (iv) danger to the life or physical safety of any person. (2) Exception (A) In general A financial institution that receives a request under subsection (a), or officer, employee, or agent thereof, may disclose information otherwise subject to any applicable nondisclosure requirement to— (i) those persons to whom disclosure is necessary in order to comply with the request; (ii) an attorney in order to obtain legal advice or assistance regarding the request; or (iii) other persons as permitted by the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the designee of the Director. (B) Application A person to whom disclosure is made under subparagraph (A) shall be subject to the nondisclosure requirements applicable to a person to whom a request is issued under subsection (a) in the same manner as the person to whom the request is issued. (C) Notice Any recipient that discloses to a person described in subparagraph (A) information otherwise subject to a nondisclosure requirement shall inform the person of the applicable nondisclosure requirement. (D) Identification of disclosure recipients At the request of the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the designee of the Director, any person making or intending to make a disclosure under clause (i) or (iii) of subparagraph (A) shall identify to the Director or such designee the person to whom such disclosure will be made or to whom such disclosure was made prior to the request. . (c) Identity of financial institutions and credit reports Section 626 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act ( 15 U.S.C. 1681u (d) Prohibition of certain disclosure (1) Prohibition (A) In general If a certification is issued under subparagraph (B) and notice of the right to judicial review under subsection (e) is provided, no consumer reporting agency that receives a request under subsection (a) or (b) or an order under subsection (c), or officer, employee, or agent thereof, shall disclose or specify in any consumer report, that the Federal Bureau of Investigation has sought or obtained access to information or records under subsection (a), (b), or (c). (B) Certification The requirements of subparagraph (A) shall apply if the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or a designee of the Director whose rank shall be no lower than Deputy Assistant Director at Bureau headquarters or a Special Agent in Charge of a Bureau field office, certifies that the absence of a prohibition of disclosure under this subsection may result in— (i) a danger to the national security of the United States; (ii) interference with a criminal, counterterrorism, or counterintelligence investigation; (iii) interference with diplomatic relations; or (iv) danger to the life or physical safety of any person. (2) Exception (A) In general A consumer reporting agency that receives a request under subsection (a) or (b) or an order under subsection (c), or officer, employee, or agent thereof, may disclose information otherwise subject to any applicable nondisclosure requirement to— (i) those persons to whom disclosure is necessary in order to comply with the request; (ii) an attorney in order to obtain legal advice or assistance regarding the request; or (iii) other persons as permitted by the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the designee of the Director. (B) Application A person to whom disclosure is made under subparagraph (A) shall be subject to the nondisclosure requirements applicable to a person to whom a request under subsection (a) or (b) or an order under subsection (c) is issued in the same manner as the person to whom the request is issued. (C) Notice Any recipient that discloses to a person described in subparagraph (A) information otherwise subject to a nondisclosure requirement shall inform the person of the applicable nondisclosure requirement. (D) Identification of disclosure recipients At the request of the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the designee of the Director, any person making or intending to make a disclosure under clause (i) or (iii) of subparagraph (A) shall identify to the Director or such designee the person to whom such disclosure will be made or to whom such disclosure was made prior to the request. . (d) Consumer reports Section 627 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act ( 15 U.S.C. 1681v (c) Prohibition of certain disclosure (1) Prohibition (A) In general If a certification is issued under subparagraph (B) and notice of the right to judicial review under subsection (d) is provided, no consumer reporting agency that receives a request under subsection (a), or officer, employee, or agent thereof, shall disclose or specify in any consumer report, that a government agency described in subsection (a) has sought or obtained access to information or records under subsection (a). (B) Certification The requirements of subparagraph (A) shall apply if the head of the government agency described in subsection (a), or a designee, certifies that the absence of a prohibition of disclosure under this subsection may result in— (i) a danger to the national security of the United States; (ii) interference with a criminal, counterterrorism, or counterintelligence investigation; (iii) interference with diplomatic relations; or (iv) danger to the life or physical safety of any person. (2) Exception (A) In general A consumer reporting agency that receives a request under subsection (a), or officer, employee, or agent thereof, may disclose information otherwise subject to any applicable nondisclosure requirement to— (i) those persons to whom disclosure is necessary in order to comply with the request; (ii) an attorney in order to obtain legal advice or assistance regarding the request; or (iii) other persons as permitted by the head of the government agency described in subsection (a) or a designee. (B) Application A person to whom disclosure is made under subparagraph (A) shall be subject to the nondisclosure requirements applicable to a person to whom a request under subsection (a) is issued in the same manner as the person to whom the request is issued. (C) Notice Any recipient that discloses to a person described in subparagraph (A) information otherwise subject to a nondisclosure requirement shall inform the person of the applicable nondisclosure requirement. (D) Identification of disclosure recipients At the request of the head of the government agency described in subsection (a) or a designee, any person making or intending to make a disclosure under clause (i) or (iii) of subparagraph (A) shall identify to the head or such designee the person to whom such disclosure will be made or to whom such disclosure was made prior to the request. . (e) Investigations of persons with access to classified information Section 802 of the National Security Act of 1947 ( 50 U.S.C. 3162 (b) Prohibition of certain disclosure (1) Prohibition (A) In general If a certification is issued under subparagraph (B) and notice of the right to judicial review under subsection (c) is provided, no governmental or private entity that receives a request under subsection (a), or officer, employee, or agent thereof, shall disclose to any person that an authorized investigative agency described in subsection (a) has sought or obtained access to information under subsection (a). (B) Certification The requirements of subparagraph (A) shall apply if the head of an authorized investigative agency described in subsection (a), or a designee, certifies that the absence of a prohibition of disclosure under this subsection may result in— (i) a danger to the national security of the United States; (ii) interference with a criminal, counterterrorism, or counterintelligence investigation; (iii) interference with diplomatic relations; or (iv) danger to the life or physical safety of any person. (2) Exception (A) In general A governmental or private entity that receives a request under subsection (a), or officer, employee, or agent thereof, may disclose information otherwise subject to any applicable nondisclosure requirement to— (i) those persons to whom disclosure is necessary in order to comply with the request; (ii) an attorney in order to obtain legal advice or assistance regarding the request; or (iii) other persons as permitted by the head of the authorized investigative agency described in subsection (a) or a designee. (B) Application A person to whom disclosure is made under subparagraph (A) shall be subject to the nondisclosure requirements applicable to a person to whom a request is issued under subsection (a) in the same manner as the person to whom the request is issued. (C) Notice Any recipient that discloses to a person described in subparagraph (A) information otherwise subject to a nondisclosure requirement shall inform the person of the applicable nondisclosure requirement. (D) Identification of disclosure recipients At the request of the head of an authorized investigative agency described in subsection (a), or a designee, any person making or intending to make a disclosure under clause (i) or (iii) of subparagraph (A) shall identify to the head of the authorized investigative agency or such designee the person to whom such disclosure will be made or to whom such disclosure was made prior to the request. . (f) Termination procedures (1) In general Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall adopt procedures with respect to nondisclosure requirements issued pursuant to section 2709 of title 18, United States Code, section 626 or 627 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681u and 1681v), section 1114 of the Right to Financial Privacy Act ( 12 U.S.C. 3414 50 U.S.C. 3162 (A) the review at appropriate intervals of such a nondisclosure requirement to assess whether the facts supporting nondisclosure continue to exist; (B) the termination of such a nondisclosure requirement if the facts no longer support nondisclosure; and (C) appropriate notice to the recipient of the national security letter, or officer, employee, or agent thereof, subject to the nondisclosure requirement, and the applicable court as appropriate, that the nondisclosure requirement has been terminated. (2) Reporting Upon adopting the procedures required under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall submit the procedures to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives. (g) Judicial review Section 3511 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following new subsection: (b) Nondisclosure (1) In general (A) Notice If a recipient of a request or order for a report, records, or other information under section 2709 of this title, section 626 or 627 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681u and 1681v), section 1114 of the Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978 ( 12 U.S.C. 3414 50 U.S.C. 3162 (B) Application Not later than 30 days after the date of receipt of a notification under subparagraph (A), the Government shall apply for an order prohibiting the disclosure of the existence or contents of the relevant request or order. An application under this subparagraph may be filed in the district court of the United States for the judicial district in which the recipient of the order is doing business or in the district court of the United States for any judicial district within which the authorized investigation that is the basis for the request is being conducted. The applicable nondisclosure requirement shall remain in effect during the pendency of proceedings relating to the requirement. (C) Consideration A district court of the United States that receives a petition under subparagraph (A) or an application under subparagraph (B) should rule expeditiously, and shall, subject to paragraph (3), issue a nondisclosure order that includes conditions appropriate to the circumstances. (2) Application contents An application for a nondisclosure order or extension thereof or a response to a petition filed under paragraph (1) shall include a certification from the Attorney General, Deputy Attorney General, an Assistant Attorney General, or the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or a designee in a position not lower than Deputy Assistant Director at Bureau headquarters or a Special Agent in Charge in a Bureau field office designated by the Director, or in the case of a request by a department, agency, or instrumentality of the Federal Government other than the Department of Justice, the head or deputy head of the department, agency, or instrumentality, containing a statement of specific facts indicating that the absence of a prohibition of disclosure under this subsection may result in— (A) a danger to the national security of the United States; (B) interference with a criminal, counterterrorism, or counterintelligence investigation; (C) interference with diplomatic relations; or (D) danger to the life or physical safety of any person. (3) Standard A district court of the United States shall issue a nondisclosure order or extension thereof under this subsection if the court determines that there is reason to believe that disclosure of the information subject to the nondisclosure requirement during the applicable time period may result in— (A) a danger to the national security of the United States; (B) interference with a criminal, counterterrorism, or counterintelligence investigation; (C) interference with diplomatic relations; or (D) danger to the life or physical safety of any person. . 503. Judicial review (a) Counterintelligence access to telephone toll and transactional records Section 2709 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) by redesignating subsections (d), (e), and (f) as subsections (e), (f), and (g), respectively; and (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following new subsection: (d) Judicial review (1) In general A request under subsection (b) or a nondisclosure requirement imposed in connection with such request under subsection (c) shall be subject to judicial review under section 3511. (2) Notice A request under subsection (b) shall include notice of the availability of judicial review described in paragraph (1). . (b) Access to financial records for certain intelligence and protective purposes Section 1114 of the Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978 ( 12 U.S.C. 3414 (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following new subsection: (d) Judicial review (1) In general A request under subsection (a) or a nondisclosure requirement imposed in connection with such request under subsection (c) shall be subject to judicial review under section 3511 of title 18, United States Code. (2) Notice A request under subsection (a) shall include notice of the availability of judicial review described in paragraph (1). . (c) Identity of financial institutions and credit reports Section 626 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act ( 15 U.S.C. 1681u (1) by redesignating subsections (e) through (m) as subsections (f) through (n), respectively; and (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following new subsection: (e) Judicial review (1) In general A request under subsection (a) or (b) or an order under subsection (c) or a non-disclosure requirement imposed in connection with such request under subsection (d) shall be subject to judicial review under section 3511 of title 18, United States Code. (2) Notice A request under subsection (a) or (b) or an order under subsection (c) shall include notice of the availability of judicial review described in paragraph (1). . (d) Identity of financial institutions and credit reports Section 627 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act ( 15 U.S.C. 1681v (1) by redesignating subsections (d), (e), and (f) as subsections (e), (f), and (g), respectively; and (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following new subsection: (d) Judicial review (1) In general A request under subsection (a) or a non-disclosure requirement imposed in connection with such request under subsection (c) shall be subject to judicial review under section 3511 of title 18, United States Code. (2) Notice A request under subsection (a) shall include notice of the availability of judicial review described in paragraph (1). . (e) Investigations of persons with access to classified information Section 802 of the National Security Act of 1947 ( 50 U.S.C. 3162 (1) by redesignating subsections (c) through (f) as subsections (d) through (g), respectively; and (2) by inserting after subsection (b) the following new subsection: (c) Judicial review (1) In general A request under subsection (a) or a nondisclosure requirement imposed in connection with such request under subsection (b) shall be subject to judicial review under section 3511 of title 18, United States Code. (2) Notice A request under subsection (a) shall include notice of the availability of judicial review described in paragraph (1). . VI FISA transparency and reporting requirements 601. Additional reporting on orders requiring production of business records; business records compliance reports to Congress (a) Reports submitted to committees Section 502(b) ( 50 U.S.C. 1862(b) (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) as paragraphs (6), (7), and (8), respectively; and (2) by inserting before paragraph (6) (as so redesignated) the following new paragraphs: (1) a summary of all compliance reviews conducted by the Government for the production of tangible things under section 501; (2) the total number of applications described in section 501(b)(2)(B) made for orders approving requests for the production of tangible things; (3) the total number of such orders either granted, modified, or denied; (4) the total number of applications described in section 501(b)(2)(C) made for orders approving requests for the production of call detail records; (5) the total number of such orders either granted, modified, or denied; . (b) Reporting on certain types of production Section 502(c)(1) ( 50 U.S.C. 1862(c)(1) (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking and (2) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and (3) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs: (C) the total number of applications made for orders approving requests for the production of tangible things under section 501 in which the specific selection term does not specifically identify an individual, account, or personal device; (D) the total number of orders described in subparagraph (C) either granted, modified, or denied; and (E) with respect to orders described in subparagraph (D) that have been granted or modified, whether the court established under section 103 has directed additional, particularized minimization procedures beyond those adopted pursuant to section 501(g). . 602. Annual reports by the Government (a) In general Title VI ( 50 U.S.C. 1871 et seq. 603. Annual reports (a) Report by Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (1) Report required The Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall annually submit to the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, subject to a declassification review by the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence, a report that includes— (A) the number of applications or certifications for orders submitted under each of sections 105, 304, 402, 501, 702, 703, and 704; (B) the number of such orders granted under each of those sections; (C) the number of orders modified under each of those sections; (D) the number of applications or certifications denied under each of those sections; (E) the number of appointments of an individual to serve as amicus curiae under section 103, including the name of each individual appointed to serve as amicus curiae; and (F) the number of findings issued under section 103(i) that such appointment is not appropriate and the text of any such findings. (2) Publication The Director shall make the report required under paragraph (1) publicly available on an Internet Web site, except that the Director shall not make publicly available on an Internet Web site the findings described in subparagraph (F) of paragraph (1). (b) Mandatory reporting by Director of National Intelligence Except as provided in subsection (d), the Director of National Intelligence shall annually make publicly available on an Internet Web site a report that identifies, for the preceding 12-month period— (1) the total number of orders issued pursuant to titles I and III and sections 703 and 704 and a good faith estimate of the number of targets of such orders; (2) the total number of orders issued pursuant to section 702 and a good faith estimate of— (A) the number of search terms concerning a known United States person used to retrieve the unminimized contents of electronic communications or wire communications obtained through acquisitions authorized under such section, excluding the number of search terms used to prevent the return of information concerning a United States person; and (B) the number of queries concerning a known United States person of unminimized noncontents information relating to electronic communications or wire communications obtained through acquisitions authorized under such section, excluding the number of queries containing information used to prevent the return of information concerning a United States person; (3) the total number of orders issued pursuant to title IV and a good faith estimate of— (A) the number of targets of such orders; and (B) the number of unique identifiers used to communicate information collected pursuant to such orders; (4) the total number of orders issued pursuant to applications made under section 501(b)(2)(B) and a good faith estimate of— (A) the number of targets of such orders; and (B) the number of unique identifiers used to communicate information collected pursuant to such orders; (5) the total number of orders issued pursuant to applications made under section 501(b)(2)(C) and a good faith estimate of— (A) the number of targets of such orders; (B) the number of unique identifiers used to communicate information collected pursuant to such orders; and (C) the number of search terms that included information concerning a United States person that were used to query any database of call detail records obtained through the use of such orders; and (6) the total number of national security letters issued and the number of requests for information contained within such national security letters. (c) Timing The annual reports required by subsections (a) and (b) shall be made publicly available during April of each year and include information relating to the previous calendar year. (d) Exceptions (1) Statement of numerical range If a good faith estimate required to be reported under subparagraph (B) of any of paragraphs (3), (4), or (5) of subsection (b) is fewer than 500, it shall be expressed as a numerical range of fewer than 500 (2) Nonapplicability to certain information (A) Federal Bureau of Investigation Paragraphs (2)(A), (2)(B), and (5)(C) of subsection (b) shall not apply to information or records held by, or queries conducted by, the Federal Bureau of Investigation. (B) Electronic mail address and telephone numbers Paragraph (3)(B) of subsection (b) shall not apply to orders resulting in the acquisition of information by the Federal Bureau of Investigation that does not include electronic mail addresses or telephone numbers. (3) Certification (A) In general If the Director of National Intelligence concludes that a good faith estimate required to be reported under subsection (b)(2)(B) cannot be determined accurately because some but not all of the relevant elements of the intelligence community are able to provide such good faith estimate, the Director shall— (i) certify that conclusion in writing to the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives; (ii) report the good faith estimate for those relevant elements able to provide such good faith estimate; (iii) explain when it is reasonably anticipated that such an estimate will be able to be determined fully and accurately; and (iv) make such certification publicly available on an Internet Web site. (B) Form A certification described in subparagraph (A) shall be prepared in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex. (C) Timing If the Director of National Intelligence continues to conclude that the good faith estimates described in this paragraph cannot be determined accurately, the Director shall annually submit a certification in accordance with this paragraph. (e) Definitions In this section: (1) Contents The term contents (2) Electronic communication The term electronic communication (3) National security letter The term national security letter (A) section 2709 of title 18, United States Code; (B) section 1114(a)(5)(A) of the Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978 ( 12 U.S.C. 3414(a)(5)(A) (C) subsection (a) or (b) of section 626 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act ( 15 U.S.C. 1681u(a) (D) section 627(a) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act ( 15 U.S.C. 1681v(a) (4) United States person The term United States person 8 U.S.C. 1101(a) (5) Wire communication The term wire communication . (b) Table of contents amendment The table of contents, as amended by section 402 of this Act, is further amended by inserting after the item relating to section 602, as added by section 402 of this Act, the following new item: Sec. 603. Annual reports. . (c) Public reporting on national security letters Section 118(c) of the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 ( 18 U.S.C. 3511 (1) in paragraph (1)— (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking United States (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking , excluding the number of requests for subscriber information (2) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following: (2) Content (A) In general Except as provided in subparagraph (B), each report required under this subsection shall include a good faith estimate of the total number of requests described in paragraph (1) requiring disclosure of information concerning— (i) United States persons; and (ii) persons who are not United States persons. (B) Exception With respect to the number of requests for subscriber information under section 2709 of title 18, United States Code, a report required under this subsection need not separate the number of requests into each of the categories described in subparagraph (A). . (d) Stored communications Section 2702(d) of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ; and (2) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking the period and inserting ; and (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph: (3) the number of accounts from which the Department of Justice has received voluntary disclosures under subsection (c)(4). . 603. Public reporting by persons subject to FISA orders (a) In general Title VI ( 50 U.S.C. 1871 et seq. 604. Public reporting by persons subject to orders (a) Reporting A person subject to a nondisclosure requirement accompanying an order or directive under this Act or a national security letter may, with respect to such order, directive, or national security letter, publicly report the following information using one of the following structures: (1) A semiannual report that aggregates the number of orders, directives, or national security letters with which the person was required to comply into separate categories of— (A) the number of national security letters received, reported in bands of 1000 starting with 0–999; (B) the number of customer selectors targeted by national security letters, reported in bands of 1000 starting with 0–999; (C) the number of orders or directives received, combined, under this Act for contents, reported in bands of 1000 starting with 0–999; (D) the number of customer selectors targeted under orders or directives received, combined, under this Act for contents reported in bands of 1000 starting with 0–999; (E) the number of orders received under this Act for noncontents, reported in bands of 1000 starting with 0–999; and (F) the number of customer selectors targeted under orders under this Act for noncontents, reported in bands of 1000 starting with 0–999, pursuant to— (i) title IV; (ii) title V with respect to applications described in section 501(b)(2)(B); and (iii) title V with respect to applications described in section 501(b)(2)(C). (2) A semiannual report that aggregates the number of orders, directives, or national security letters with which the person was required to comply into separate categories of— (A) the number of national security letters received, reported in bands of 500 starting with 0–499; (B) the number of customer selectors targeted by national security letters, reported in bands of 500 starting with 0–499; (C) the number of orders or directives received, combined, under this Act for contents, reported in bands of 500 starting with 0–499; (D) the number of customer selectors targeted under orders or directives received, combined, under this Act for contents, reported in bands of 500 starting with 0–499; (E) the number of orders received under this Act for noncontents, reported in bands of 500 starting with 0–499; and (F) the number of customer selectors targeted under orders received under this Act for noncontents, reported in bands of 500 starting with 0–499. (3) A semiannual report that aggregates the number of orders, directives, or national security letters with which the person was required to comply in the into separate categories of— (A) the total number of all national security process received, including all national security letters, and orders or directives under this Act, combined, reported in bands of 250 starting with 0–249; and (B) the total number of customer selectors targeted under all national security process received, including all national security letters, and orders or directives under this Act, combined, reported in bands of 250 starting with 0–249. (4) An annual report that aggregates the number of orders, directives, and national security letters the person was required to comply with into separate categories of— (A) the total number of all national security process received, including all national security letters, and orders or directives under this Act, combined, reported in bands of 100 starting with 0–99; and (B) the total number of customer selectors targeted under all national security process received, including all national security letters, and orders or directives under this Act, combined, reported in bands of 100 starting with 0–99. (b) Period of time covered by reports (1) A report described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a) shall include only information— (A) relating to national security letters for the previous 180 days; and (B) relating to authorities under this Act for the 180-day period of time ending on the date that is not less than 180 days prior to the date of the publication of such report, except that with respect to a platform, product, or service for which a person did not previously receive an order or directive (not including an enhancement to or iteration of an existing publicly available platform, product, or service) such report shall not include any information relating to such new order or directive until 540 days after the date on which such new order or directive is received. (2) A report described in paragraph (3) of subsection (a) shall include only information relating to the previous 180 days. (3) A report described in paragraph (4) of subsection (a) shall include only information for the 1-year period of time ending on the date that is not less than 1 year prior to the date of the publication of such report. (c) Other forms of agreed to publication Nothing in this section prohibits the Government and any person from jointly agreeing to the publication of information referred to in this subsection in a time, form, or manner other than as described in this section. (d) Definitions In this section: (1) Contents The term contents (2) National security letter The term national security letter . (b) Table of contents amendment The table of contents, as amended by sections 402 and 602 of this Act, is further amended by inserting after the item relating to section 603, as added by section 602 of this Act, the following new item: Sec. 604. Public reporting by persons subject to orders. . 604. Reporting requirements for decisions, orders, and opinions of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review Section 601(c)(1) ( 50 U.S.C. 1871(c)(1) (1) not later than 45 days after the date on which the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review issues a decision, order, or opinion, including any denial or modification of an application under this Act, that includes significant construction or interpretation of any provision of law or results in a change of application of any provision of this Act or a novel application of any provision of this Act, a copy of such decision, order, or opinion and any pleadings, applications, or memoranda of law associated with such decision, order, or opinion; and . 605. Submission of reports under FISA (a) Electronic surveillance Section 108(a)(1) ( 50 U.S.C. 1808(a)(1) the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate (b) Physical searches The matter preceding paragraph (1) of section 306 ( 50 U.S.C. 1826 (1) in the first sentence, by striking Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate (2) in the second sentence, by striking and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives (c) Pen registers and trap and trace devices Section 406(b) ( 50 U.S.C. 1846(b) (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ; and (2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs: (4) each department or agency on behalf of which the Attorney General or a designated attorney for the Government has made an application for an order authorizing or approving the installation and use of a pen register or trap and trace device under this title; and (5) for each department or agency described in paragraph (4), each number described in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3). . (d) Access to certain business records and other tangible things Section 502(a) ( 50 U.S.C. 1862(a) Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives and the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate VII Enhanced national security provisions 701. Emergencies involving non-United States persons (a) In General Section 105 ( 50 U.S.C. 1805 (1) by redesignating subsections (f), (g), (h), and (i) as subsections (g), (h), (i), and (j), respectively; and (2) by inserting after subsection (e) the following: (f) (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, the lawfully authorized targeting of a non-United States person previously believed to be located outside the United States for the acquisition of foreign intelligence information may continue for a period not to exceed 72 hours from the time that the non-United States person is reasonably believed to be located inside the United States and the acquisition is subject to this title or to title III of this Act, provided that the head of an element of the intelligence community— (A) reasonably determines that a lapse in the targeting of such non-United States person poses a threat of death or serious bodily harm to any person; (B) promptly notifies the Attorney General of a determination under subparagraph (A); and (C) requests, as soon as practicable, the employment of emergency electronic surveillance under subsection (e) or the employment of an emergency physical search pursuant to section 304(e), as warranted. (2) The authority under this subsection to continue the acquisition of foreign intelligence information is limited to a period not to exceed 72 hours and shall cease upon the earlier of the following: (A) The employment of emergency electronic surveillance under subsection (e) or the employment of an emergency physical search pursuant to section 304(e). (B) An issuance of a court order under this title or title III of this Act. (C) The Attorney General provides direction that the acquisition be terminated. (D) The head of the element of the intelligence community conducting the acquisition determines that a request under paragraph (1)(C) is not warranted. (E) When the threat of death or serious bodily harm to any person is no longer reasonably believed to exist. (3) Nonpublicly available information concerning unconsenting United States persons acquired under this subsection shall not be disseminated during the 72 hour time period under paragraph (1) unless necessary to investigate, reduce, or eliminate the threat of death or serious bodily harm to any person. (4) If the Attorney General declines to authorize the employment of emergency electronic surveillance under subsection (e) or the employment of an emergency physical search pursuant to section 304(e), or a court order is not obtained under this title or title III of this Act, information obtained during the 72 hour acquisition time period under paragraph (1) shall not be retained, except with the approval of the Attorney General if the information indicates a threat of death or serious bodily harm to any person. (5) Paragraphs (5) and (6) of subsection (e) shall apply to this subsection. . (b) Notification of emergency employment of electronic surveillance Section 106(j) ( 50 U.S.C. 1806(j) section 105(e) subsection (e) or (f) of section 105 (c) Report to Congress Section 108(a)(2) ( 50 U.S.C. 1808(a)(2) (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking and (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (D) the total number of authorizations under section 105(f) and the total number of subsequent emergency employments of electronic surveillance under section 105(e) or emergency physical searches pursuant to section 301(e). . 702. Preservation of treatment of non-United States persons traveling outside the United States as agents of foreign powers Section 101(b)(1) is amended— (1) in subparagraph (A), by inserting before the semicolon at the end the following: , irrespective of whether the person is inside the United States (2) in subparagraph (B)— (A) by striking of such person’s presence in the United States (B) by striking such activities in the United States such activities 703. Improvement to investigations of international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction Section 101(b)(1) is further amended by striking subparagraph (E) and inserting the following new subparagraph (E): (E) engages in the international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, or activities in preparation therefor, for or on behalf of a foreign power, or knowingly aids or abets any person in the conduct of such proliferation or activities in preparation therefor, or knowingly conspires with any person to engage in such proliferation or activities in preparation therefor; or . 704. Increase in penalties for material support of foreign terrorist organizations Section 2339B(a)(1) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking 15 years 20 years 705. Sunsets (a) USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 Section 102(b)(1) of the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 ( 50 U.S.C. 1805 June 1, 2015 December 15, 2019 (b) Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 Section 6001(b)(1) of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 ( 50 U.S.C. 1801 June 1, 2015 December 15, 2019 VIII Safety of Maritime Navigation and Nuclear Terrorism Conventions Implementation A Safety of Maritime Navigation 801. Amendment to section 2280 of title 18, United States Code Section 2280 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) in subsection (b)— (A) in paragraph (1)(A)(i), by striking a ship flying the flag of the United States a vessel of the United States or a vessel subject to the jurisdiction of the United States (as defined in section 70502 of title 46) (B) in paragraph (1)(A)(ii), by inserting , including the territorial seas in the United States (C) in paragraph (1)(A)(iii), by inserting , by a United States corporation or legal entity, by a national of the United States (2) in subsection (c), by striking section 2(c) section 13(c) (3) by striking subsection (d); (4) by striking subsection (e) and inserting after subsection (c): (d) Definitions As used in this section, section 2280a, section 2281, and section 2281a, the term— (1) applicable treaty (A) the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, done at The Hague on 16 December 1970; (B) the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, done at Montreal on 23 September 1971; (C) the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 14 December 1973; (D) International Convention against the Taking of Hostages, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 17 December 1979; (E) the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, done at Vienna on 26 October 1979; (F) the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, done at Montreal on 24 February 1988; (G) the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, done at Rome on 10 March 1988; (H) International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 15 December 1997; and (I) International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 9 December 1999; (2) armed conflict (3) biological weapon (A) microbial or other biological agents, or toxins whatever their origin or method of production, of types and in quantities that have no justification for prophylactic, protective, or other peaceful purposes; or (B) weapons, equipment, or means of delivery designed to use such agents or toxins for hostile purposes or in armed conflict; (4) chemical weapon (A) toxic chemicals and their precursors, except where intended for— (i) industrial, agricultural, research, medical, pharmaceutical, or other peaceful purposes; (ii) protective purposes, namely those purposes directly related to protection against toxic chemicals and to protection against chemical weapons; (iii) military purposes not connected with the use of chemical weapons and not dependent on the use of the toxic properties of chemicals as a method of warfare; or (iv) law enforcement including domestic riot control purposes, as long as the types and quantities are consistent with such purposes; (B) munitions and devices, specifically designed to cause death or other harm through the toxic properties of those toxic chemicals specified in subparagraph (A), which would be released as a result of the employment of such munitions and devices; and (C) any equipment specifically designed for use directly in connection with the employment of munitions and devices specified in subparagraph (B); (5) covered ship (6) explosive material (7) infrastructure facility (8) international organization (9) military forces of a state (10) national of the United States 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(22) (11) Non-Proliferation Treaty (12) Non-Proliferation Treaty State Party (13) Nuclear Weapon State Party to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (14) place of public use (15) precursor (16) public transport system (17) serious injury or damage (A) serious bodily injury, (B) extensive destruction of a place of public use, State or government facility, infrastructure facility, or public transportation system, resulting in major economic loss, or (C) substantial damage to the environment, including air, soil, water, fauna, or flora; (18) ship (19) source material (20) special fissionable material (21) territorial sea of the United States (22) toxic chemical (23) transport (24) United States ; and (5) by inserting after subsection (d) (as added by paragraph (4) of this section) the following: (e) Exceptions This section shall not apply to— (1) the activities of armed forces during an armed conflict, as those terms are understood under the law of war, which are governed by that law; or (2) activities undertaken by military forces of a state in the exercise of their official duties. (f) Delivery of suspected offender The master of a covered ship flying the flag of the United States who has reasonable grounds to believe that there is on board that ship any person who has committed an offense under section 2280 or section 2280a may deliver such person to the authorities of a country that is a party to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation. Before delivering such person to the authorities of another country, the master shall notify in an appropriate manner the Attorney General of the United States of the alleged offense and await instructions from the Attorney General as to what action to take. When delivering the person to a country which is a state party to the Convention, the master shall, whenever practicable, and if possible before entering the territorial sea of such country, notify the authorities of such country of the master's intention to deliver such person and the reasons therefor. If the master delivers such person, the master shall furnish to the authorities of such country the evidence in the master’s possession that pertains to the alleged offense. (g) (1) Civil forfeiture Any real or personal property used or intended to be used to commit or to facilitate the commission of a violation of this section, the gross proceeds of such violation, and any real or personal property traceable to such property or proceeds, shall be subject to forfeiture. (2) Applicable procedures Seizures and forfeitures under this section shall be governed by the provisions of chapter 46 . 802. New section 2280a of title 18, United States Code (a) In general Chapter 111 2280a. Violence against maritime navigation and maritime transport involving weapons of mass destruction (a) Offenses (1) In general Subject to the exceptions in subsection (c), a person who unlawfully and intentionally— (A) when the purpose of the act, by its nature or context, is to intimidate a population, or to compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act— (i) uses against or on a ship or discharges from a ship any explosive or radioactive material, biological, chemical, or nuclear weapon or other nuclear explosive device in a manner that causes or is likely to cause death to any person or serious injury or damage; (ii) discharges from a ship oil, liquefied natural gas, or another hazardous or noxious substance that is not covered by clause (i), in such quantity or concentration that causes or is likely to cause death to any person or serious injury or damage; or (iii) uses a ship in a manner that causes death to any person or serious injury or damage; (B) transports on board a ship— (i) any explosive or radioactive material, knowing that it is intended to be used to cause, or in a threat to cause, death to any person or serious injury or damage for the purpose of intimidating a population, or compelling a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act; (ii) any biological, chemical, or nuclear weapon or other nuclear explosive device, knowing it to be a biological, chemical, or nuclear weapon or other nuclear explosive device; (iii) any source material, special fissionable material, or equipment or material especially designed or prepared for the processing, use, or production of special fissionable material, knowing that it is intended to be used in a nuclear explosive activity or in any other nuclear activity not under safeguards pursuant to an International Atomic Energy Agency comprehensive safeguards agreement, except where— (I) such item is transported to or from the territory of, or otherwise under the control of, a Non-Proliferation Treaty State Party; and (II) the resulting transfer or receipt (including internal to a country) is not contrary to the obligations under the Non-Proliferation Treaty of the Non-Proliferation Treaty State Party from which, to the territory of which, or otherwise under the control of which such item is transferred; (iv) any equipment, materials, or software or related technology that significantly contributes to the design or manufacture of a nuclear weapon or other nuclear explosive device, with the intention that it will be used for such purpose, except where— (I) the country to the territory of which or under the control of which such item is transferred is a Nuclear Weapon State Party to the Non-Proliferation Treaty; and (II) the resulting transfer or receipt (including internal to a country) is not contrary to the obligations under the Non-Proliferation Treaty of a Non-Proliferation Treaty State Party from which, to the territory of which, or otherwise under the control of which such item is transferred; (v) any equipment, materials, or software or related technology that significantly contributes to the delivery of a nuclear weapon or other nuclear explosive device, with the intention that it will be used for such purpose, except where— (I) such item is transported to or from the territory of, or otherwise under the control of, a Non-Proliferation Treaty State Party; and (II) such item is intended for the delivery system of a nuclear weapon or other nuclear explosive device of a Nuclear Weapon State Party to the Non-Proliferation Treaty; or (vi) any equipment, materials, or software or related technology that significantly contributes to the design, manufacture, or delivery of a biological or chemical weapon, with the intention that it will be used for such purpose; (C) transports another person on board a ship knowing that the person has committed an act that constitutes an offense under section 2280 or subparagraph (A), (B), (D), or (E) of this section or an offense set forth in an applicable treaty, as specified in section 2280(d)(1), and intending to assist that person to evade criminal prosecution; (D) injures or kills any person in connection with the commission or the attempted commission of any of the offenses set forth in subparagraphs (A) through (C), or subsection (a)(2), to the extent that the subsection (a)(2) offense pertains to subparagraph (A); or (E) attempts to do any act prohibited under subparagraph (A), (B) or (D), or conspires to do any act prohibited by subparagraphs (A) through (E) or subsection (a)(2), shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both; and if the death of any person results from conduct prohibited by this paragraph, shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life. (2) Threats A person who threatens, with apparent determination and will to carry the threat into execution, to do any act prohibited under paragraph (1)(A) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. (b) Jurisdiction There is jurisdiction over the activity prohibited in subsection (a)— (1) in the case of a covered ship, if— (A) such activity is committed— (i) against or on board a vessel of the United States or a vessel subject to the jurisdiction of the United States (as defined in section 70502 of title 46) at the time the prohibited activity is committed; (ii) in the United States, including the territorial seas; or (iii) by a national of the United States, by a United States corporation or legal entity, or by a stateless person whose habitual residence is in the United States; (B) during the commission of such activity, a national of the United States is seized, threatened, injured, or killed; or (C) the offender is later found in the United States after such activity is committed; (2) in the case of a ship navigating or scheduled to navigate solely within the territorial sea or internal waters of a country other than the United States, if the offender is later found in the United States after such activity is committed; or (3) in the case of any vessel, if such activity is committed in an attempt to compel the United States to do or abstain from doing any act. (c) Exceptions This section shall not apply to— (1) the activities of armed forces during an armed conflict, as those terms are understood under the law of war, which are governed by that law; or (2) activities undertaken by military forces of a state in the exercise of their official duties. (d) (1) Civil forfeiture Any real or personal property used or intended to be used to commit or to facilitate the commission of a violation of this section, the gross proceeds of such violation, and any real or personal property traceable to such property or proceeds, shall be subject to forfeiture. (2) Applicable procedures Seizures and forfeitures under this section shall be governed by the provisions of chapter 46 . (b) Conforming amendment The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 111 2280a. Violence against maritime navigation and maritime transport involving weapons of mass destruction. . 803. Amendments to section 2281 of title 18, United States Code Section 2281 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) in subsection (c), by striking section 2(c) section 13(c) (2) in subsection (d), by striking the definitions of national of the United States, territorial sea of the United States, United States (3) by inserting after subsection (d) the following: (e) Exceptions This section does not apply to— (1) the activities of armed forces during an armed conflict, as those terms are understood under the law of war, which are governed by that law; or (2) activities undertaken by military forces of a state in the exercise of their official duties. . 804. New section 2281a of title 18, United States Code (a) In general Chapter 111 2281a. Additional offenses against maritime fixed platforms (a) Offenses (1) In general A person who unlawfully and intentionally— (A) when the purpose of the act, by its nature or context, is to intimidate a population, or to compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act— (i) uses against or on a fixed platform or discharges from a fixed platform any explosive or radioactive material, biological, chemical, or nuclear weapon in a manner that causes or is likely to cause death or serious injury or damage; or (ii) discharges from a fixed platform oil, liquefied natural gas, or another hazardous or noxious substance that is not covered by clause (i), in such quantity or concentration that causes or is likely to cause death or serious injury or damage; (B) injures or kills any person in connection with the commission or the attempted commission of any of the offenses set forth in subparagraph (A); or (C) attempts or conspires to do anything prohibited under subparagraph (A) or (B), shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both; and if death results to any person from conduct prohibited by this paragraph, shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life. (2) Threat to safety A person who threatens, with apparent determination and will to carry the threat into execution, to do any act prohibited under paragraph (1)(A), shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. (b) Jurisdiction There is jurisdiction over the activity prohibited in subsection (a) if— (1) such activity is committed against or on board a fixed platform— (A) that is located on the continental shelf of the United States; (B) that is located on the continental shelf of another country, by a national of the United States or by a stateless person whose habitual residence is in the United States; or (C) in an attempt to compel the United States to do or abstain from doing any act; (2) during the commission of such activity against or on board a fixed platform located on a continental shelf, a national of the United States is seized, threatened, injured, or killed; or (3) such activity is committed against or on board a fixed platform located outside the United States and beyond the continental shelf of the United States and the offender is later found in the United States. (c) Exceptions This section does not apply to— (1) the activities of armed forces during an armed conflict, as those terms are understood under the law of war, which are governed by that law; or (2) activities undertaken by military forces of a state in the exercise of their official duties. (d) Definitions In this section— (1) continental shelf (2) fixed platform . (b) Conforming amendment The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 111 2281a. Additional offenses against maritime fixed platforms. . 805. Ancillary measure Section 2332b(g)(5)(B) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting 2280a (relating to maritime safety), 2281 2281 2281 through 2281a B Prevention of Nuclear Terrorism 811. New section 2332i of title 18, United States Code (a) In general Chapter 113B 2332i. Acts of nuclear terrorism (a) Offenses (1) In general Whoever knowingly and unlawfully— (A) possesses radioactive material or makes or possesses a device— (i) with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury; or (ii) with the intent to cause substantial damage to property or the environment; or (B) uses in any way radioactive material or a device, or uses or damages or interferes with the operation of a nuclear facility in a manner that causes the release of or increases the risk of the release of radioactive material, or causes radioactive contamination or exposure to radiation— (i) with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury or with the knowledge that such act is likely to cause death or serious bodily injury; (ii) with the intent to cause substantial damage to property or the environment or with the knowledge that such act is likely to cause substantial damage to property or the environment; or (iii) with the intent to compel a person, an international organization or a country to do or refrain from doing an act, shall be punished as prescribed in subsection (c). (2) Threats Whoever, under circumstances in which the threat may reasonably be believed, threatens to commit an offense under paragraph (1) shall be punished as prescribed in subsection (c). Whoever demands possession of or access to radioactive material, a device or a nuclear facility by threat or by use of force shall be punished as prescribed in subsection (c). (3) Attempts and conspiracies Whoever attempts to commit an offense under paragraph (1) or conspires to commit an offense under paragraph (1) or (2) shall be punished as prescribed in subsection (c). (b) Jurisdiction Conduct prohibited by subsection (a) is within the jurisdiction of the United States if— (1) the prohibited conduct takes place in the United States or the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States; (2) the prohibited conduct takes place outside of the United States and— (A) is committed by a national of the United States, a United States corporation or legal entity or a stateless person whose habitual residence is in the United States; (B) is committed on board a vessel of the United States or a vessel subject to the jurisdiction of the United States (as defined in section 70502 of title 46) or on board an aircraft that is registered under United States law, at the time the offense is committed; or (C) is committed in an attempt to compel the United States to do or abstain from doing any act, or constitutes a threat directed at the United States; (3) the prohibited conduct takes place outside of the United States and a victim or an intended victim is a national of the United States or a United States corporation or legal entity, or the offense is committed against any state or government facility of the United States; or (4) a perpetrator of the prohibited conduct is found in the United States. (c) Penalties Whoever violates this section shall be fined not more than $2,000,000 and shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life. (d) Nonapplicability This section does not apply to— (1) the activities of armed forces during an armed conflict, as those terms are understood under the law of war, which are governed by that law; or (2) activities undertaken by military forces of a state in the exercise of their official duties. (e) Definitions As used in this section, the term— (1) armed conflict (2) device (A) any nuclear explosive device; or (B) any radioactive material dispersal or radiation-emitting device that may, owing to its radiological properties, cause death, serious bodily injury or substantial damage to property or the environment; (3) international organization (4) military forces of a state (5) national of the United States 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(22) (6) nuclear facility (A) any nuclear reactor, including reactors on vessels, vehicles, aircraft or space objects for use as an energy source in order to propel such vessels, vehicles, aircraft or space objects or for any other purpose; (B) any plant or conveyance being used for the production, storage, processing or transport of radioactive material; or (C) a facility (including associated buildings and equipment) in which nuclear material is produced, processed, used, handled, stored or disposed of, if damage to or interference with such facility could lead to the release of significant amounts of radiation or radioactive material; (7) nuclear material (8) radioactive material (9) serious bodily injury (10) state (11) state or government facility (12) United States corporation or legal entity (13) vessel (14) vessel of the United States . (b) Clerical amendment The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 113B section 2332h 2332i. Acts of nuclear terrorism. . (c) Disclaimer Nothing contained in this section is intended to affect the applicability of any other Federal or State law that might pertain to the underlying conduct. (d) Inclusion in definition of Federal crimes of terrorism Section 2332b(g)(5)(B) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting 2332i (relating to acts of nuclear terrorism), 2339 (relating to harboring terrorists) 812. Amendment to section 831 of title 18, United States Code Section 831 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (a) in subsection (a)— (1) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (8) as (4) through (9); (2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following: (3) without lawful authority, intentionally carries, sends or moves nuclear material into or out of a country; ; (3) in paragraph (8), as redesignated, by striking an offense under paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4) any act prohibited under paragraphs (1) through (5) (4) in paragraph (9), as redesignated, by striking an offense under paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4) any act prohibited under paragraphs (1) through (7) (b) in subsection (b)— (1) in paragraph (1), by striking (7) (8) (2) in paragraph (2), by striking (8) (9) (c) in subsection (c)— (1) in subparagraph (2)(A), by adding after United States or a stateless person whose habitual residence is in the United States (2) by striking paragraph (5); (3) in paragraph (4), by striking or (4) by inserting after paragraph (4), the following: (5) the offense is committed on board a vessel of the United States or a vessel subject to the jurisdiction of the United States (as defined in section 70502 of title 46) or on board an aircraft that is registered under United States law, at the time the offense is committed; (6) the offense is committed outside the United States and against any state or government facility of the United States; or (7) the offense is committed in an attempt to compel the United States to do or abstain from doing any act, or constitutes a threat directed at the United States. ; (d) by redesignating subsections (d) through (f) as (e) through (g), respectively; (e) by inserting after subsection (c): (d) Nonapplicability This section does not apply to— (1) the activities of armed forces during an armed conflict, as those terms are understood under the law of war, which are governed by that law; or (2) activities undertaken by military forces of a state in the exercise of their official duties. ; and (f) in subsection (g), as redesignated— (1) in paragraph (6), by striking and (2) in paragraph (7), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and (3) by inserting after paragraph (7), the following: (8) the term armed conflict (9) the term military forces of a state (10) the term state (11) the term state or government facility (12) the term vessel of the United States .

Summary: Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015 or the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015 TITLE I--FISA BUSINESS RECORDS REFORMS Amends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to establish a new process to be followed when the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) submits an application to a FISA court for an order requiring the production of business records or other tangible things for an investigation to obtain foreign intelligence information not concerning a U.S. person or to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities. Prohibits the FBI from applying for a tangible thing production order, and prohibits a court from authorizing the collection of tangible things, unless a specific selection term is used as the basis for the production. Maintains limitations under current law that prohibit the FBI from applying for tangible thing production orders for threat assessments. Establishes two separate frameworks for the production of tangible things with different standards that apply based on whether the FBI's application seeks: production on an ongoing basis of call detail records created before, on, or after the date of the application relating to an authorized investigation to protect against international terrorism, in which case the specific selection term must specifically identify an individual, account, or personal device; or production of call detail records or other tangible things in any other manner, in which case the selection term must specifically identify an individual, a federal officer or employee, a group, an entity, an association, a corporation, a foreign power, an account, a physical or an electronic address, a personal device, or any other specific identifier but is prohibited from including, when not used as part of a specific identifier, a broad geographic region (including the United States, a city, county, state, zip code, or area code) or an electronic communication or remote computing service provider, unless the provider is itself a subject of an authorized investigation. Defines &quot;call detail record&quot; as session identifying information (including an originating or terminating telephone number, an International Mobile Subscriber Identity number, or an International Mobile Station Equipment Identity number), a telephone calling card number, or the time or duration of a call. Excludes from such definition: (1) the contents of any communication; (2) the name, address, or financial information of a subscriber or customer; or (3) cell site location or global positioning system information. Requires the FBI, in applications for ongoing production of call detail records for investigations to protect against international terrorism, to show: (1) reasonable grounds to believe that the call detail records are relevant to such investigation; and (2) a reasonable, articulable suspicion that the specific selection term is associated with a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power engaged in international terrorism or activities in preparation for such terrorism. Requires a judge approving such an ongoing release of call detail records for an investigation to protect against international terrorism to: limit such production to a period not to exceed 180 days but allow such orders to be extended upon application, with judicial approval; permit the government to require the production of an initial set of call records using the reasonable, articulable suspicion standard that the term is associated with a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power and then a subsequent set of call records using session-identifying information or a telephone calling card number identified by the specific selection term that was used to produce the initial set of records (thus limiting the government to what is commonly referred to as two &quot;hops&quot; of call records); and direct the government to adopt minimization procedures requiring prompt destruction of produced call records that are not foreign intelligence information. Allows a FISA court to approve other categories of FBI requests for the production of call detail records or tangible things (i.e., FBI call detail record and tangible thing applications that do not seek ongoing production of call detail records created before, on, or after the date of an application relating to an authorized investigation to protect against international terrorism) without subjecting the production to: (1) the reasonable, articulable suspicion standard for an association with a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power; (2) the 180-day or the two-hop limitation; or (3) the special minimization procedures that require prompt destruction of produced records only if the order approves an ongoing production of call detail records for investigations to protect against international terrorism. Authorizes the Attorney General to require the emergency production of tangible things without first obtaining a court order if the Attorney General: (1) reasonably determines that an emergency situation requires the production of tangible things before an order authorizing production can be obtained with due diligence, (2) reasonably determines that a factual basis exists for the issuance of such a production order, (3) informs a FISA judge of the decision to require such production at the time the emergency decision is made, and (4) makes an application to a FISA judge within seven days after the Attorney General requires such emergency production. Terminates the authority for such emergency production of tangible things when the information sought is obtained, when the application for the order is denied, or after the expiration of seven days from the time the Attorney General begins requiring such emergency production, whichever is earliest. Prohibits information obtained or evidence derived from such an emergency production from being received in evidence or disclosed in any proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, agency, legislative committee, or other authority of the United States, any state, or any political subdivision if: (1) the subsequent application for court approval is denied, or (2) the production is terminated and no order is issued approving the production. Bars information concerning any U.S. person acquired from such production from being used or disclosed in any other manner by federal officers or employees without the consent of such person, except with approval of the Attorney General if the information indicates a threat of death or serious bodily harm. Requires a FISA court, as a condition to approving an application for a tangible thing production order, to find that the minimization procedures submitted with the application meet applicable FISA standards. Authorizes the court to impose additional minimization procedures. Allows a nondisclosure order imposed in connection with a tangible thing production order to be challenged immediately by filing a petition for judicial review. Removes a requirement that a judge considering a petition to modify or set aside a nondisclosure order treat as conclusive a certification by the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, an Assistant Attorney General, or the FBI Director that disclosure may endanger national security or interfere with diplomatic relations. Extends liability protections to persons who provide information, facilities, or technical assistance for the production of tangible things. Requires the government to compensate a person for reasonable expenses incurred in producing tangible things or providing technical assistance to the government to implement production procedures. Prohibits this Act from being construed to authorize the production of the contents of any electronic communication from an electronic communication service provider under such tangible thing requirements. TITLE II--FISA PEN REGISTER AND TRAP AND TRACE DEVICE REFORM Requires the government's FISA applications for orders approving pen registers or trap and trace devices to include a specific selection term as the basis for the use of the register or device. Prohibits broad geographic regions or an identification of an electronic communications service or a remote computing service from serving as such selection term. Directs the Attorney General to ensure that appropriate privacy procedures are in place for the collection, retention, and use of nonpublicly available information concerning U.S. persons that is collected through a pen register or trap and trace device installed with FISA court approval. TITLE III--FISA ACQUISITIONS TARGETING PERSONS OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES REFORMS Limits the government's use of information obtained through an authorization by the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) to target non-U.S. persons outside the United States if a FISA court later determines that certain targeting or minimization procedures certified to the court are unlawful. Prohibits information obtained or evidence derived from an acquisition pursuant to a part of a targeting certification or a related minimization procedure that the court has identified as deficient concerning a U.S. person from being received in evidence or otherwise disclosed in any proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, agency, legislative committee, or other authority of the United States, any state, or any political subdivision. Bars information concerning any U.S. person acquired pursuant to a deficient part of a certification from being used or disclosed subsequently in any other manner by federal officers or employees without the consent of the U.S. person, except with approval of the Attorney General if the information indicates a threat of death or serious bodily harm. Allows a FISA court, if the government corrects the deficiency, to permit the use or disclosure of information obtained before the date of the correction. TITLE IV--FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE COURT REFORMS Directs the presiding judges of the FISA court and the FISA court of review to jointly designate at least five individuals to serve as amicus curiae to assist in the consideration of any application for an order or review that presents a novel or significant interpretation of the law, unless the court finds that such appointment is not appropriate. Permits FISA courts to appoint an individual or organization to serve as amicus curiae in other instances, including to provide technical expertise. Requires such amicus curiae to provide: (1) legal arguments that advance protection of individual privacy and civil liberties, or (2) other legal arguments or information related to intelligence collection or communications technology. Allows the FISA court of review to certify a question of law to be reviewed by the Supreme Court. Permits the Supreme Court to appoint FISA amicus curiae or other persons to provide briefings or other assistance upon such a certification. Requires the DNI to: (1) conduct a declassification review of each decision, order, or opinion issued by the FISA court or the FISA court of review that includes a significant construction or interpretation of any provision of law, including any novel or significant construction or interpretation of &quot;specific selection term&quot; as defined in this Act; and (2) make such decisions, orders, or opinions publicly available to the greatest extent practicable, subject to permissible redactions. Authorizes the DNI to waive such review and public availability requirements if: (1) a waiver is necessary to protect the national security of the United States or properly classified intelligence sources or methods, and (2) an unclassified statement prepared by the Attorney General is made publicly available to summarize the significant construction or interpretation of law. TITLE V--NATIONAL SECURITY LETTER REFORM Amends the federal criminal code, the Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978, and the Fair Credit Reporting Act to require the FBI and other government agencies to use a specific selection term as the basis for national security letters that request information from wire or electronic communication service providers, financial institutions, or consumer reporting agencies. Requires the government to identify: (1) a person, entity, telephone number, or account for requests for telephone toll and transactional records; (2) a customer, entity, or account when requesting financial records for certain intelligence or protective functions; or (3) a consumer or account when requesting consumer reports for counterintelligence or counterterrorism purposes. Revises standards under which the government can prohibit recipients of national security letters from disclosing to anyone that the government has sought or obtained access to the requested information. Directs the Attorney General to adopt procedures for imposed nondisclosure requirements, including requirements under the National Security Act of 1947, to be reviewed at appropriate intervals and terminated if facts no longer support nondisclosure. Allows national security letter recipients to challenge national security letter requests or nondisclosure requirements under modified procedures for filing a petition for judicial review. Removes a requirement that the court treat as conclusive a certification by the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, an Assistant Attorney General, or the FBI Director that disclosure may endanger U.S. national security or interfere with diplomatic relations. TITLE VI--FISA TRANSPARENCY AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS Requires the Attorney General to expand an annual report to Congress regarding tangible thing applications to include a summary of compliance reviews and the total number of: (1) applications made for the daily production of call detail records created before, on, or after the date of an application relating to an authorized investigation to protect against international terrorism; and (2) orders approving such requests. Directs the Attorney General to report to Congress annually regarding tangible things applications and orders in which the specific selection term does not specifically identify an individual, account, or personal device. Requires the report to indicate whether the court approving such orders has directed additional, particularized minimization procedures beyond those adopted by the Attorney General. Directs the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts to submit annually to Congress the number of: (1) FISA applications submitted and orders granted, modified, or denied under specified FISA authorities; and (2) appointments of an individual to serve as amicus curiae for FISA courts, including the name of each appointed individual, as well as any findings that such an appointment is not appropriate. Makes the report subject to a declassification review by the Attorney General and the DNI. Directs the DNI to make available publicly a report that identifies, for the preceding 12-month period, the total number of: (1) FISA court orders issued for electronic surveillance, physical searches, the targeting of persons outside the United States, pen registers and trap and trace devices, call detail records, and other tangible things; and (2) national security letters issued. Requires the DNI's reports to include the estimated number of: (1) targets of certain FISA orders; (2) search terms and queries concerning U.S. persons when the government retrieves information from electronic or wire communications obtained by targeting non-U.S. persons outside the United States; (3) unique identifiers used to communicate certain collected information; and (4) search terms concerning U.S. persons used to query a database of call detail records. Exempts certain queries by the FBI from such estimates. Permits a person who is subject to a nondisclosure requirement accompanying a FISA order, directive, or national security letter to choose one of four methods to report publicly, on a semiannual or annual basis, the aggregate number of orders, directives, or letters with which the person was required to comply. Specifies the categories of orders, directives, and letters to be itemized or combined, the details authorized to be included with respect to contents or noncontents orders and the number of customer selectors targeted, and the ranges within which the number of orders, directives, or letters received may be reported aggregately in bands under each permitted method. Expands the categories of FISA court decisions, orders, or opinions that the Attorney General is required to submit to Congress within 45 days after issuance of the decision to include: (1) a denial or modification of an application under FISA; and (2) a change of the application, or a novel application, of any FISA provision. Revises reporting requirements regarding electronic surveillance, physical searches, and tangible things to include the House Judiciary Committee as a recipient of such reports. Requires the Attorney General to identify in an existing semiannual report each agency on behalf of which the government has applied for orders authorizing or approving the installation and use of pen registers or trap and trace devices under FISA. TITLE VII--ENHANCED NATIONAL SECURITY PROVISIONS Establishes procedures for a lawfully authorized targeting of a non-U.S. person previously believed to be located outside the United States to continue for a period not to exceed 72 hours from the time that the non-U.S. person is reasonably believed to be located inside the United States. Requires an element of the intelligence community, as a condition to exercising such authority, to: (1) determine that a lapse in the targeting poses a threat of death or serious bodily harm; (2) notify the Attorney General; and (3) request, as soon as practicable, the employment of emergency electronic surveillance or emergency physical search under appropriate FISA standards. Expands the definition of &quot;agent of a foreign power&quot; to include a non-U.S. person who: (1) acts in the United States for or on behalf of a foreign power engaged in clandestine intelligence activities in the United States contrary to U.S. interests or as an officer, employee, or member of a foreign power, irrespective of whether the person is inside the United States; or (2) knowingly aids, abets, or conspires with any person engaging in an international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction on behalf of a foreign power or conducting activities in preparation for such proliferation. Increases from 15 to 20 years the maximum penalty of imprisonment for providing material support or resources to a foreign terrorist organization in cases where the support does not result in the death of any person. Amends the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 and the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to extend until December 15, 2019, FISA authorities concerning: (1) the production of business records, including call detail records and other tangible things; (2) roving electronic surveillance orders; and (3) a revised definition of &quot;agent of a foreign power&quot; that includes any non-U.S. persons who engage in international terrorism or preparatory activities (commonly referred to as the &quot;lone wolf&quot; provision). TITLE VIII--SAFETY OF MARITIME NAVIGATION AND NUCLEAR TERRORISM CONVENTIONS IMPLEMENTATION Amends the federal criminal code to provide that existing prohibitions against conduct that endangers the safe navigation of a ship: (1) shall apply to conduct that is committed against or on board a U.S. vessel or a vessel subject to U.S. jurisdiction, in U.S. territorial seas, or by a U.S. corporation or legal entity; and (2) shall not apply to activities of armed forces during an armed conflict or in the exercise of official duties. Sets forth procedures regarding the delivery of a person who is suspected of committing a maritime navigation or fixed platform offense to the authorities of a country that is a party to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation. Subjects property used or intended to be used to commit or to facilitate the commission of a maritime navigation offense to civil forfeiture. Prohibits: (1) using in or on a ship or a maritime fixed platform any explosive or radioactive material, biological, chemical, or nuclear weapon, or other nuclear explosive device in a manner likely to cause death or serious injury or damage when the purpose is to intimidate a population or to compel a government or international organization to act or abstain from acting; (2) transporting on board a ship such material or device (or certain related material or technology) that is intended for such use, with specified exceptions; (3) transporting on board a ship a person known to have committed a maritime navigation offense intending to assist such person to evade prosecution; (4) injuring or killing any person in connection with such an offense; or (5) conspiring, attempting, or threatening to commit such an offense. Sets forth: (1) the circumstances in which the United States can exercise jurisdiction over such offenses, and (2) exceptions applicable to activities of the armed forces. Provides for civil forfeiture of property used to commit or to facilitate a violation. Prohibits anyone, knowingly, unlawfully, and with intent to cause death, serious bodily injury, or substantial damage to property or the environment, from: (1) possessing radioactive material or making or possessing a nuclear explosive device or a radioactive material dispersal or radiation-emitting device; (2) using radioactive material or a device, using, damaging, or interfering with the operation of a nuclear facility in a manner that causes or increases the risk of the release of radioactive material, or causing radioactive contamination or exposure to radiation; or (3) threatening, attempting, or conspiring to commit such an offense. Sets forth: (1) the circumstances in which the United States can exercise jurisdiction over such offenses, and (2) exceptions applicable to activities of the armed forces. Modifies the definition of &quot;federal crime of terrorism&quot; to include such offenses. Amends provisions prohibiting transactions involving nuclear materials to: (1) prohibit, intentionally and without lawful authority, carrying, sending, or moving nuclear material into or out of a country; and (2) establish an exception for activities of the armed forces.