Merging with inclusion map I disagree with a merge Yes these are related functions actually both of them work by f x x However the two articles look at the matter from a very different perspective Typically one uses inclusion maps when one thinks of embedding a space into another bigger space The identity function on the other hand shows up when one deals with automorphisms of a given space and related business That is to say it is true that both the identity function and the inclusion map have the forula f x x but that s all they have in common