Inventors Note I have no further interest in VMSK whatsoever commercial or otherwise I only invented it It should be noted that papers by reputable scientists continue to be published on the method 76 are listed in the UNB Textbook appearing as recent as 2009 I may be an unknowing character as alleged but my hardware does work as claimed and the many reputable scientists who have published peer review papers confirm this Bobier s methods can also be proven Xg Tech since they are in use The problem with the commercial acceptance of the UNB methods is in the filters These filters are vector adding filters which have very low envelop group delay as opposed to conventional filters which have a group delay related to their bandwidth and Q Vector adding filters can have a group delay as short as 1 IF cycle Unfortunately they can not be realized with digital filter equivalents They must be built with crystals or LC resonators and hand tuned This is too costly for mass production The filter noise bandwidth can be as narrow as 500 Hz Tomazic is correct in reporting the maximum bandwidth efficiency at baseband or with conventional filters is 2 b s Hz This is not true however with RF modulated methods using vector adding filters The Naye sayers should dig a lot deeper and get the facts straight H R Walker