Distinguishing Facts About the Negro The Negro skull in addition to having a smaller brain volume and thicker cranial bones than that of the White is prognathous i e the lower face projects forward rather in the manner of an animal s muzzle In consequence the Negro jaw is substantially longer relative to its width than the White jaw A feature of the Negro lower jaw is its retention of a vestige of the simian shelf a bony region immediately behind the incisors The simian shelf is a distinguishing characteristic of apes and it is absent in Whites The skin of the Negro is thicker and possibly superior to the White s in the way it impedes the penetration of germs and in its protection from the ultraviolet rays of the sun The dark color of the Negro is due to melanin pigment which is spread through every layer of the skin and is found even in the muscles and brain Negroes have arms which are longer relative to body height than those of Whites This feature together with their much thicker cranial bones gives Black athletes an advantage over Whites in boxing The skeletal and muscular peculiarities of Negroes lower limbs have given them considerable success as sprinters but have left them relative undistinguished as distance runners The hair is black crispy and woolly in texture it is flat and elliptical with no central canal or duct like the hair of Europeans The nose is thick broad and flat often turned up nostrils exposing the red inner lining of the mucous membrane similar to an ape The arms and legs of the Negro are relatively longer than the European The humerus is a trifle shorter and the forearm longer thereby approximating the simian form The eyes are prominent iris black and the orbits large The eye often has a yellowish sclerotic coat over it like that of a gorilla The Negro has a shorter trunk the cross section of the chest is more circular than whites The pelvis is narrower and longer as it is in an ape The mouth is wide with very thick large and protruding lips Negro skin has a thick superficial horny layer which resists scratching and impedes the penetration of germs The Negro has a larger and shorter neck akin to that of anthropoids The cranial sutures are more simple than in the white type and close together earlier The ears are roundish rather small standing somewhat high and detached thus approaching the simian form The Negro is more powerfully developed from the pelvis down and the white more powerfully developed in the chest The jaw is larger and stronger and protrudes outward which along with lower retreating forehead gives a facial angle of 68 to 70 degrees as opposed to a facial angle of 80 to 82 degrees for Europeans The hands and fingers are proportionally narrower and longer The wrist and ankles are shorter and more robust The frontal and paricial bones of the cranium are less excavated and less capacious The skull is thicker especially on the sides The brain of the Negro on the average is 9 to 20 smaller than whites The teeth are larger and are wider apart than in the white race The three curvatures of the spine are less pronounced in the Negro than in the white and thus more characteristic of an ape The femur of the Negro is less oblique the tibia shin bone more curved and bent forward the calf of the leg high and but little developed The heel is broad and projecting the foot long and broad but slightly arched causing flat soles the great toe is shorter than in the white The two bones proper of the nose are occasionally united as in apes And you still say we are all the same