ceselder/lots-of-loras-task-definitions huggingface dataset:
Task: In this task, you are given a sentence in English and your task is to translate it into Spanish. In translation, keep the numbers and capitalization (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and name).
Categories: Translation
Domains: Government and Politics

Positive examples:
input: I declare resumed the session of the European Parliament adjourned on Friday 17 December 1999, and I would like once again to wish you a happy new year in the hope that you enjoyed a pleasant festive period.
output: Declaro reanudado el período de sesiones del Parlamento Europeo, interrumpido el viernes 17 de diciembre pasado, y reitero a Sus Señorías mi deseo de que hayan tenido unas buenas vacaciones.
explanation: This English sentence is properly translated into Spanish because the Spanish sentence also talks about resuming the session from the European parliament which was adjourned and wishing a happy new year.; input: Although, as you will have seen, the dreaded 'millennium bug' failed to materialise, still the people in a number of countries suffered a series of natural disasters that truly were dreadful.
output: Como todos han podido comprobar, el gran "efecto del año 2000" no se ha producido. En cambio, los ciudadanos de varios de nuestros países han sido víctimas de catástrofes naturales verdaderamente terribles.
explanation: This English sentence is properly translated into Spanish because the Spanish sentence also talks about the dreadful natural disaster suffered across many countries. ; input: In the meantime, I should like to observe a minute' s silence, as a number of Members have requested, on behalf of all the victims concerned, particularly those of the terrible storms, in the various countries of the European Union.
output: A la espera de que se produzca, de acuerdo con muchos colegas que me lo han pedido, pido que hagamos un minuto de silencio en memoria de todas las víctimas de las tormentas, en los distintos países de la Unión Europea afectados.
explanation: This English sentence is properly translated into Spanish because the Spanish sentence also talks about the victims of the storms and requests for silence from the members.

Negative examples:
input: Madam President, on a point of order.
output: Presidenta, una cuestión de procedimiento.
explanation: The conversion of English to Spanish is wrong because output missed one part from the input, i.e., Madam.; input: We do not know what is happening.
output: En lo relativo al lunes y al martes, no hay modificaciones.
explanation: The conversion of English to Spanish is wrong because output did not translate " We do not know what is happening. " and instead of that it puts some other words (which do not mean 'We do not know what is happening.').'; input: I would like your advice about Rule 143 concerning inadmissibility.
output: Me gustaría que me asesorara sobre el Artículo 145 concerniente a la inadmisibilidad.
explanation: The conversion of English to Spanish is wrong because it changes the number 143 to 145.
Task: In this task, you are presented with a term, a question, and a yes/no answer. For context, the term is associated with a short description. Write the simple facts one needs to know in order to answer the given question. The facts should be easily found on the web (e.g. mentioned in a Wikipedia page)
Categories: Misc.
Domains: Wikipedia
Reasoning: Deductive Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: Term: Cooking oil, Description: Oil consumed by humans, from vegetable or animal origin., Question: Can all types of cooking oil be poured?, Answer:No
output: Fact1: Some oils contain saturated fat, such as coconut oil and palm oil Fact2: Saturated fats are solid at room temperature
explanation: This is a good answer. For answering this question you need to know both facts.; input: Term: Aristotle, Description: Philosopher in ancient Greece., Question: Did Aristotle use a laptop?, Answer:No
output: Fact1: The laptop was invented in 1981 Fact2: Aristotle died in 322 BC
explanation: For answering this question you need to know about the invention of laptop and death of Aristotle. So, This is a good answer.

Negative examples:
input: Term: Khashupse, Description: Village in the Gagra District of Abkhazia, Georgia., Question: In what country the village Khashupse is?
output: Fact1: Village Khashupse is in the Gagra District of Abkhazia, Georgia. 
explanation: Facts shouldn't be based on information in the description.
Task: Given a paragraph in Spanish, your job is to generate a spanish question that can be answered from the passage. The answer to your question should be a single entity, person, time, etc. that can be extracted from the passage.
Categories: Question Generation
Domains: Wikipedia

Positive examples:
input: Hay un millón de veces más virus en el planeta que estrellas en el universo. Los virus también albergan la mayor parte de la diversidad genética de la Tierra. Los científicos están encontrando evidencia de que los virus son una fuerza planetaria que influye en el clima global y los ciclos geoquímicos. También han moldeado profundamente la evolución de sus anfitriones. El genoma humano, por ejemplo, contiene 100.000 segmentos de ADN del virus.
output: ¿Cuántos segmentos de ADN del virus contiene el genoma humano?
explanation: The paragraph states the number of segments of virus DNA does the human genome contain, hence the question asked above is appropriate.; input: Cuando los ratones se mantienen en altas densidades de población, su comportamiento cambia de varias formas. La actividad agresiva dentro de las poblaciones de ratones aumenta a medida que aumenta la densidad.
output: ¿Cuándo cambia el comportamiento de los ratones?
explanation: As the paragraph states that mice behavior changes when kept at high population densities, the question mentioned above can be an expected output.; input: Los glaciares de Piamonte, o de montaña, se encuentran en muchas partes del mundo. En América del Norte se distribuyen a lo largo de las cadenas montañosas de la costa del Pacífico desde el centro de California hacia el norte. Abundan en la cordillera de los Andes en América del Sur y son espectáculos familiares y muy admirados en los Alpes.
output: ¿Qué cadenas montañosas están presentes en América del Sur?
explanation: The task identified a question whose answer is Andes that is present in the text. Therefore, this serves as a good example.

Negative examples:
input: Mi juguete preciado cuando era un nuevo adolescente era mi bicicleta. Vivíamos en un soi con mucho pavimento y sin coches. Yo era el jefe de la pandilla de ciclistas y montábamos rampas para los saltos y diseñábamos pistas de obstáculos para las carreras.
output: ¿Cuál fue el preciado auto del niño?
explanation: The paragraph claims that the cherished toy of boy was a bicyle but not car, hence, this question is a wrong output.; input: Cuando era un niño en la escuela primaria, los niños del vecindario y yo estábamos ansiosos por jugar tantos juegos en mi patio trasero durante las largas vacaciones de verano entre grados.
output: ¿Cuándo faltó el niño a la escuela?
explanation: The text did not mention about the times when the boy has missed the school, hence, this is not a valid question.
Task: In this task, you are given a sentence in the English language and your task is to convert it into the Japanese language. In translation, keep numbers as it is and make it sentence case (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and noun).
Categories: Translation
Domains: Public Places

Positive examples:
input: Italy have defeated Portugal 31-5 in Pool C of the 2007 Rugby World Cup at Parc des Princes, Paris, France.
output: フランスのパリ、パルク・デ・プランスで行われた2007年ラグビーワールドカップのプールCで、イタリアは31対5でポルトガルを下した。
explanation: This is a correct and accurate translation from English to Japanese because translated text is just paraphrased of English sentence. Also, it preserves the numbers as it is.; input: Andrea Masi opened the scoring in the fourth minute with a try for Italy.
output: アンドレア・マージが開始4分後のトライでイタリアにとって最初の得点を入れた。
explanation: The English sentence is correctly translated into Japanese because it holds the original message from the English sentence that Andrea Messi opened the scoring for Italy in the fourth minute by try.

Negative examples:
input: Portugal never gave up and David Penalva scored a try in the 33rd minute, providing their only points of the match.
output: ポルトガルはあきらめることなく、デビッド・ペナルバが45分でトライを決め、試合中唯一の得点をあげた。
explanation: This is not a proper translation from English to Japanese because the resulting translation is not accurate to the original. In the English sentence, it says that David Penalva scored a try at 33rd minute however, in the Japanese translation it says that he scored at 45th minute.; input: Italy led 16-5 at half time but were matched by Portugal for much of the second half.
output: ポイントに関しては、ハービックとジョンソンが引き続き1位と2位のままだった。
explanation: This translation from English to Japanese is incorrect because the resulting translation does not reflect the actual topic of the sentence which is the score of the match between Italy and Portugal.
Task: Given a sentence in Chinese, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in German that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase.
Categories: Translation
Domains: Wikipedia

Positive examples:
input: 1975年的NBA赛季 -  76赛季是全美篮球协会的第30个赛季。
output: Die Saison 1975 - 76 der National Basketball Association war die 30. Saison der NBA.
explanation: This is a correct and accurate translation from Chinese to German because the translated paraphrase retains the main message that between the years 1975-1976, the 30th NBA season occurred.; input: 当可以保持相当的流速时，结果很高。
output: Die Ergebnisse sind hoch, wenn vergleichbare Flussraten aufrechterhalten werden können.
explanation: The resulting paraphrased translation from Chinese to German is correct because the resulting translation holds the message that results are high when comparable rates of flow are maintained.

Negative examples:
input: 1560年10月，他在巴黎秘密会见了英国大使Nicolas Throckmorton，要求他通过苏格兰返回英国。
output: Im Oktober 1560 traf er sich heimlich mit dem englischen Botschafter Nicolas Throckmorton in Paris und bat ihn um einen Pass, um durch England nach Schottland zurückzukehren.
explanation: This is not a proper translation from Chinese to German because the resulting translation is not accurate to the original idea in which the locations of England and Scotland are not accurate.; input: 还有具体的讨论，公众形象辩论和项目讨论。
output: Es gibt auch öffentliche Diskussionen, profilspezifische Diskussionen und Projektbesprechungen.
explanation: This translated paraphrase from Chinese to German is incorrect because the resulting translation does not reflect the actual topics of dicussion and debate relating to profiles and projects.
Task: In this task, you need to count the occurrences of the given word in the given sentence.
Categories: Program Execution
Domains: Captions -> Image Captions
Reasoning: Numerical Reasoning; Mathematics -> Counting

Positive examples:
input: Sentence: 'the brown cat sits perched on atop of the bed peering forward'. Count the occurrences of the word 'the' in the given sentence.
output: 2
explanation: The word 'the' appears two times in the given sentences. So, the answer is 2.; input: Sentence: 'a boy in snow clothing sits on a bench to inspect his skis'. Count the occurrences of the word 'to' in the given sentence.
output: 1
explanation: The word 'to' appears only once in the given sentence. So, the answer is 1.

Negative examples:
input: Sentence: 'a bath room with two sinks with no mirrors'. Count the occurrences of the word 'mirrors' in the given sentence.
output: 2
explanation: The word 'mirrors' appears only once in the given sentence. So, the answer should have been 1 and not 2.
Task: You are given a sentence in Hebrew. Your job is to translate the Hebrew sentence into Portugese.
Categories: Translation
Domains: TED Talks; Captions -> Video Captions

Positive examples:
input: אחרי הכל, הם החליטו, והם עשו,
output: Afinal de contas elas é que decidem, e decidiram mesmo.
explanation: The Hebrew sentence is correctly translated into Portugese, because the meaning is preserved.; input: אפילו אז, אני מודע שלרוב האנשים יש סבלנות קצרה למוגבלות הדיבור שלי.
output: Mesmo assim, apercebo-me que a maioria das pessoas tem pouca paciência para as minhas dificuldades na fala.
explanation: The Hebrew sentence is correctly translated into Portugese, because the meaning is preserved.; input: כעת, אתם כבר רשאים לומר על עצמכם, "" אני לא מסקרן.
output: Agora, podem já estar a dizer sobre vós: "" Não sou interessante.
explanation: The Hebrew sentence is correctly translated into Portugese, because the meaning is preserved.

Negative examples:
input: היא נקראת כלא.
output: Quantos anos de cobertura é que eu preciso?
explanation: The Hebrew sentence is not correctly translated into Portugese, because the meaning is different.; input: אבל זו בהחלט הייתה תקופה קשה.
output: Mas foi certamente um período difícil.
explanation: The Hebrew sentence is not correctly translated into Portugese, because the meaning is different.; input: כמה שנות הגנה אני צריך?
output: Chama-se uma prisão.
explanation: The Hebrew sentence is not correctly translated into Portugese, because the meaning is different.
Task: Given a sentence in German, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in Korean that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase.
Categories: Translation
Domains: Wikipedia

Positive examples:
input: Die NBA-Saison 1975 - 76 war die 30. Saison der National Basketball Association.
output: National Basketball Association의 1975 - 76 시즌은 NBA의 30 번째 시즌이었다.
explanation: This is a correct and accurate translation from German to Korean because the translated paraphrase retains the main message that between the years 1975-1976, the 30th NBA season occurred.; input: Wenn vergleichbare Flussraten aufrechterhalten werden können, sind die Ergebnisse hoch.
output: 비교 가능한 유속을 유지할 수있을 때 그 결과가 높습니다.
explanation: The resulting paraphrased translation from German to Korean is correct because the resulting translation holds the message that results are high when comparable rates of flow are maintained.

Negative examples:
input: Im Oktober 1560 traf er sich in Paris heimlich mit dem englischen Botschafter Nicolas Throckmorton und bat ihn um einen Pass, um durch Schottland nach England zurückzukehren.
output: 1560 년 10 월 그는 파리의 니콜라스 스록 모튼 (Nicolas Throckmorton) 대사와 비밀리에 만나 영국에있는 스코틀랜드로 돌아갈 여권을 요청했다.
explanation: This is not a proper translation from German to Korean because the resulting translation is not accurate to the original idea in which the locations of England and Scotland are not accurate.; input: Es gibt auch spezifische Diskussionen, öffentliche Profildiskussionen und Projektdiskussionen.
output: 공개 토론, 프로필 토론, 프로젝트 토론 등이 있습니다.
explanation: This translated paraphrase from German to Korean is incorrect because the resulting translation does not reflect the actual topics of dicussion and debate relating to profiles and projects.
Task: In this task, you are to Translate German text to English
Categories: Translation
Domains: Natural Science

Positive examples:
input: Das Textilband (1) ist insbesondere als (Kreuz-) Band-, Ligament- oder Sehnenersatz einzusetzen.
output: The textile band (1) is used particularly as (cross) ligament or tendon replacement.
explanation: The translation is fluent, formal, and accurate; input: Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils (2) mit einer Verschleißschutzschicht.
output: The component (2) comprises a wear resistant-layer, which is formed through an iron alloy coating (1) having different alloy components.
explanation: The translation is fluent, formal, and accurate; input: {Tieftemperatur-Gasreinigungsanlage, physikalische; Gasreinigung; Brenngas; Synthesegas; Absorbens; H2S-Auswaschung; CO2-Erhoehung}
output: {Cryogenic gas purification plant, physical; Gas cleaning; Fuel gas; Synthesis gas; Absorbent; H2S leaching; CO2 increase}
explanation: The translation is fluent, formal, and accurate; input: Das aufwärts umgesetzte Photon hat eine aufwärts umgesetzte Frequenz, die eine Summe der ersten Frequenz und der zweiten Frequenz ist.
output: The up-converted photon has an up-converted frequency that is a sum of the first frequency and the second frequency.
explanation: The translation is fluent, formal, and accurate

Negative examples:
input: Des weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines dünnen Warmbandes (1) durch Gießwalzen in einem Endlos-Prozess.
output: The invention further relates to a method for producing a thin hot-rolled strip 1 by casting and rolling in a continuous process.
explanation: Translation contain the entity (1) but brackets are dropped; input: Des weiteren weisen die seitlichen Begrenzungswände in den Längswänden mindestens je eine Grifföffnung (6) zum seitlichen Greifen der Schneidplatten auf.
output: The side-walls (2,3) enclose an inner space (4) in which the inserts are inserted as a stack with their thin edges laid on the base (5).
explanation: Invalid entities (2,3), (4), (5) in the  output; input: des Überschlags (4, 5) des Schiebeflügels (2) mit dem Festflügel (3) unter Bildung eines Freiraums (15) bereichsweise ausgespart ist.
output: There is a void (4, 5) in the region where the door edges overlap and seal together (15) when the door is closed.
explanation: The entities (4,5) and (15) are switched in thee output; input: Der npn-Transistor besitzt aufgrund seiner Eigenschaften einen niedrigen dynamischen Widerstand und einen grossen Querschnitt fuer den Ladungstransport.
output: The npn transistor has a low dynamic resistance and a large cross section for charge transport because of its properties.
explanation: Translation contain the entity npn-transistor but hyphen is dropped
Task: In this task, you are given a sentence in the English and Japanese language. Your task is check if the Japanese sentence is translation of English. if the translation is correct than generate label "Yes", otherwise generate label "No".
Categories: Text Matching
Domains: Public Places

Positive examples:
input: English: Details were given by the UK Transport Secretary, Ruth Kelly, in the House of Commons at 1730 UTC yesterday. 
 Japanese: 詳細は昨日UTC17時30分、英国議会でイギリスのルス・ケリー運輸大臣によって伝えられた。
output: Yes
explanation: The converted Japanese sentence is correctly translated from English because converted sentence has the same message as the original English sentence that Details were given yesterday in the House of Commons at 1730 UTC by Britain's Transport Secretary Ruth Kelly.; input: English: The body of Joana Dudushi was found near her apartment where she lived with her several-month-old baby. 
 Japanese: それは彼にとって2010年シーズンのアメリカの主要プロフェッショナルストックカーシリーズにおける5度目の勝利で、これによって彼は勝利数においてデニー・ハミルトンと互角になった。
output: No
explanation: The Japanese sentence is not a translation of an English sentence because the English sentence is about Joana Dudushi where as the Japanese sentence is about a diiferent topic.

Negative examples:
input: English: Political figures in the UK continue to raise concerns about both the specific loss of this information, and the nature of governments ability to safely gather and maintain information. 
 Japanese: イギリスの政治関係者は、この情報の紛失そのものについても、政府が情報を安全に収集し、保持する能力についても、懸念を表明し続けている。
output: No
explanation: The Japanese sentence is a correct translation of an English sentence as it contains the message from the English sentence, therefore output must be "Yes"; input: English: Portugal are bottom of the group with no points, behind Romania with one. 
 Japanese: 1ポルトガルはポイントなしでグループ最下位、1ポイントでルーマニアの下位にいる。
output: Correct
explanation: Output must be "Yes" or "No"
Task: In this task, you need to answer the given multiple-choice question on the physics. Classify your answers into 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', and 'e'.
Categories: Question Answering
Domains: Physics
Reasoning: Scientific Reasoning; Numerical Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: Problem: walking at 5 / 6 th of its usual speed a cab is 15 mnts late . find its usual time to cover the journey ? 
Options: a ) 25 m , b ) 45 m , c ) 32 m , d ) 75 m , e ) 62 m
explanation: New speed = 5 / 6 th of usual speed new time = 6 / 5 th of usual time 6 / 5 ut - ut = 15 m ut / 5 = 15 m ut = 75 m answer is d
output: d; input: Problem: jamshid can paint a fence in 50 percent less time than taimour can when each works alone . when they work together , they can paint the fence in 4 hours . how long would it take taimour to paint the fence alone ? 
Options: a ) 6 hours , b ) 8 hours , c ) 12 hours , d ) 24 hours , e ) 32 hours
explanation: I believe the answer is c. if jamshid can paint a dence in 50 percent less time then taimour we can infer the following rate j = 2 t if working together they can do the job in 8 hours we can infer 1 = 2 t + t * 4 = > 1 / 12 working alone taimour can do the job in 1 = 1 / 12 * hours = > 12 answer c
output: c

Negative examples:
input: Problem: how much time will a train of length 400 m moving at a speed of 72 kmph take to cross another train of length 300 m , moving at 36 kmph in the same direction ? 
Options: a ) 40 sec , b ) 50 sec , c ) 60 sec , d ) 70 sec , e ) 80 sec
explanation: "the distance to be covered = sum of their lengths = 400 + 300 = 700 m . relative speed = 72 - 36 = 36 kmph = 36 * 5 / 18 = 10 mps . time required = d / s = 700 / 10 = 70 sec . answer : d". Hence, option a is incorrect.
output: a; input: Problem: in one hour , a boat goes 19 km / hr along the stream and 11 km / hr against the stream . the speed of the boat in still water ( in km / hr ) is : 
Options: a ) 12 kmph , b ) 13 kmph , c ) 14 kmph , d ) 15 kmph , e ) 16 kmph
explanation: "explanation : let the speed downstream be a km / hr and the speed upstream be b km / hr , then speed in still water = 1 / 2 ( a + b ) km / hr rate of stream = 1 / 2 ( a − b ) km / hr speed in still water = 1 / 2 ( 19 + 11 ) kmph = 15 kmph . answer : option d". Hence, option a is incorrect.
output: a
Task: Given a sentence in Vietnamese, generate a new Vietnamese sentence by performing small changes on the sentence. Here, make sure that the changes are semantically related and syntactically similar to the input. And the generated sentence should have high commonsense plausibility, that is to have reasonable probability of it being true.
Categories: Sentence Perturbation
Domains: Commonsense; Knowledge Base -> Wikidata

Positive examples:
input: Anh đang muốn lấy một cái mũ trong một cái hộp.
output: Anh không sao cả khi nhìn thấy một cái mũ trong một cái hộp.
explanation: This is a good change in the input. The created sentence is semantically similar to the input as both are talking about a hat in a box and the changes in the sentence follows the commonsense knowledge.; input: Anh có thể tìm thấy một cái túi trong một cửa hàng.
output: Ý anh có thể là một cái giỏ trong một câu lạc bộ.
explanation: The output sentence is semantically related to the input sentence as both are talking about searching a basket/bag and follows the commonsense. Hence, the answer is correct.

Negative examples:
input: Tác dụng của việc viết một chương trình là nó sẽ làm những gì bạn muốn.
output: Tác dụng của việc viết một loại virus nguy hiểm là nó sẽ không tạo ra bất kỳ vấn đề nào.
explanation: The output is semantically similar to the input but it does not follow the commonsense as the virus is created to cause issues with the system.; input: Đừng để bánh quy vào quần áo của bạn trước khi đưa chúng vào máy giặt.
output: Hiệu quả của việc giúp đỡ ai đó là cải thiện tình hình.
explanation: The output has the commonsense but it is not semantically related or similar to the input. Hence, the answer is incorrect.