ceselder/lots-of-loras-task-definitions huggingface dataset:
Task: You are given a Catalan sentence with a blank, and you need to predict the missing word.
Categories: Fill in The Blank
Domains: News
Reasoning: Abductive Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: Una setantena de treballadors de Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas a Manresa , gairebé la totalitat de la plantilla , s' han _____ aquest migdia pels carrers de la ciutat .
output: manifestat
explanation: This is original sentence 'Una setantena de treballadors de Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas a Manresa , gairebé la totalitat de la plantilla , s' han manifestat aquest migdia pels carrers de la ciutat .'. So, we have correctly predicted the missing word to be 'manifestat'; input: Els treballadors han ____ aquesta matinada una vaga indefinida dels serveis de neteja viària i recollida d' escombraries .
output: iniciat
explanation: This is original sentence 'Els treballadors han iniciat aquesta matinada una vaga indefinida dels serveis de neteja viària i recollida d' escombraries.'. So, we have correctly predicted the missing word to be 'iniciat'

Negative examples:
input: Si us ____
output: Salut
explanation: This is bad example because we need to predict 'plau' to fill in the blank but we have predicted 'Salut'; input: L' ____ s' ha
output: yes
explanation: This is bad example because we need to predict 'aturada' to fill in the blank but we have predicted 'yes'
Task: You are given a sentence in Polish. Your job is to translate the Polish sentence into Italian.
Categories: Translation
Domains: TED Talks; Captions -> Video Captions

Positive examples:
input: (Śmiech) Opublikował wiele filmów o przyrodzie.
output: (Risate) E infatti aveva già pubblicato tanti video sulla natura.
explanation: The Polish sentence is correctly translated into Italian, because the meaning is preserved.; input: Ale do tego dochodzi hałas.
output: Ma a questo si aggiunge rumore.
explanation: The Polish sentence is correctly translated into Italian, because the meaning is preserved.; input: To, co podwyższa wartość budynku, w tradycyjnym znaczeniu, to personalizowanie poszczególnych części w taki sposób, że nie można tego powtórzyć.
output: Quello che rende gli edifici costosi, tradizionalmente, è personalizzare singole parti che non si possono riprodurre più volte.
explanation: The Polish sentence is correctly translated into Italian, because the meaning is preserved.

Negative examples:
input: Albo inna interesująca firma, SunRun.
output: (risate) Più o meno
explanation: The Polish sentence is not correctly translated into Italian, because the meaning is different.; input: Z głęboką pokorą i z waszą aprobatą Prezentujemy "" Cloudburst "". (Brawa) (Pianino) [Deszcz...] [Oczy wodnistych cieni] [Oczy jak głębia studni] [Oczy wymarzonej wody.] [Błękitne słońca, zielone wiry,] [Świetlane dzioby ptaków dziobiące przestrzeń otwartą] [Granat gwiazd.] [Powiedzże mi, ziemio spalona, czy nie ma już wody?] [Tylko krew, tylko kurz,] [Tylko nagie kroki po cierniach?] [Deszcz się budzi...] [Musimy spać z otwartymi oczami,] [Musimy marzyć naszymi dłońmi,] [Musimy śnić sny o rzece szukającej swego biegu] [O słońcu śniącym o swych światach.] [Musimy marzyć na głos,] [Śpiewać aż pieśń zapuści korzenie,] [Pień, gałęzie, ptaki, gwiazdy.]
output: Con grande umiltà, e spero che approviate, vi presentiamo "" Nubifragio "". (Applausi) (Piano) [La pioggia...] [Occhi di ombre d'acqua] [occhi dell'acqua di un pozzo] [occhi dell'acqua dei sogni.] [Soli azzurri, vortici verdi,] [becchi di luce che beccano aperti] [stelle melograno.] [Ma dimmi, terra bruciata, non c'è più acqua?] [Solo sangue, solo povere,] [solo piedi nudi sulle spine?] [La pioggia sveglia...] [Dobbiamo dormire ad occhi aperti,] [dobbiamo sognare con le mani,] [dobbiamo sognare i sogni di un fiume che cerca il proprio letto,] [del sole che sogna i suoi mondi.] [Dobbiamo sognare a voce alta,] [dobbiamo cantare finché la canzone non mette radici,] [tronco, rami, uccelli, stelle.]
explanation: The Polish sentence is not correctly translated into Italian, because the meaning is different.; input: (Śmiech) Tak jakby.
output: O l'interessante azienda SunRun.
explanation: The Polish sentence is not correctly translated into Italian, because the meaning is different.
Task: In this task, given a sentence in the Thai language, your task is to convert it into the English language.
Categories: Translation
Domains: News

Positive examples:
input: ฟินแลนด์จะจ่ายค่าทำความสะอาด ถึงแม้เอสโตเนีย จะไม่ได้ขอร้องความช่วยเหลืออย่างเป็นทางการ
output: Finland will be paying the costs of the cleanup, as Estonia did not make an official request for help.
explanation: The above sentence is correctly translated from Thai to English; input: โดยการศึกษาความแตกต่างของสมองสัตว์หลังจากถูกการถูกฆ่าเพื่อเป็นอาหาร การศึกษาได้แสดงให้เห็นว่าสิ่งใดที่สามารถจะเป็นตัวระบุทางชีววิทยา ซึ่งทำให้แกะตัวผู้แสดงออกทางเพศว่าชอบแกะเพศผู้แทนที่จะแสดงออกทางเพศว่าชอบแกะเพศเมีย
output: By studying difference in the animal's brains after slaughter, the study also showed what could be a biological determiner for what makes a ram male-oriented instead of female-oriented sexually.
explanation: The above sentence is correctly translated from Thai to English; input: เรื่องนี้เกิดภายใต้ Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) ของสหประชาชาติภายใต้ Kyoto Protocol
output: This comes under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the UN under the Kyoto Protocol.
explanation: The above sentence is correctly translated from Thai to English

Negative examples:
input: แอฟริกาใต้มีสถิติความปลอดภัยบนถนนที่ย่ำแย่ และอยู่ในอันดับที่เก้าของโลกในเรื่องการเสียชีวิตจากการจราจร
output: A Twitter account representing the Indiana State Fair confirmed the fatalities and stated that their "prayers are with the families of all affected".
explanation: The above sentence is not correctly translated from Thai to English as none of the words match the translation.; input: ลองดูอย่างเช่นนักเรียนคนที่พยายามเรียนวิชาเลขและตั้งใจเรียนอย่างหนักเพื่อให้ได้มาสี่หรือห้าคะแนน แล้วเด็กคนนั้นเห็นเพื่อนกำลังสนทนากัน แต่กลับได้มาสามคะแนน…
output: Walsh aide's brought up the fact he is committed to ending paper waste at the Massachusetts State House.
explanation: The above sentence is not correctly translated from Thai to English as none of the words match the translation.; input: กองเรือรบแรกที่ท้าทายการปิดล้อมถูกสกัดโดยหน่วยจู่โจมกองทัพเรืออิสราเอลในเดือนพฤษภาคมปีนี้
output: Norko further testifed that Ross is taking medication to control his psychiatric problems.
explanation: The above sentence is not correctly translated from Thai to English as none of the words match the translation.
Task: You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Italian.
Categories: Translation
Domains: TED Talks; Captions -> Video Captions

Positive examples:
input: وأعتقد أنه في القريب سوف ترى المرضى يعالجون بواسطة خلاياهم الجذعية المستخرجة من الدهون أو المستخرجة من الحيوانات
output: Penso che abbastanza presto vedrete pazienti curati con le cellule staminali derivanti dal proprio grasso o adipe.
explanation: The Arabic sentence is correctly translated into Italian, because the meaning is preserved.; input: ولكن في اللحظة التي نعترف فيها أن معالجة المعلومات هي مصدر الذكاء ، وأن بعض أنظمة الحاسوب الملائمة تُعبِّر عن أساس الذكاء ، ونعترف أننا سوف نحسِّن هذه الأنظمة باستمرار ، ونعترف أن أفق الإدراك على الأرجح يتجاوز الذي نعرفه حالياً بكثير ، وبالتالي علينا الاعتراف أننا في مرحلة بناء نوع ما من الآلهة.
output: Ma se ammettiamo che l'elaborazione delle informazioni è la fonte dell'intelligenza, che un sistema computazionale idoneo è alla base dell'intelligenza, se ammettiamo che svilupperemo continuamente tali sistemi, e che l'orizzonte cognitivo è di gran lunga maggiore di ciò che sappiamo ora, allora dobbiamo ammettere che stiamo costruendo una sorta di dio.
explanation: The Arabic sentence is correctly translated into Italian, because the meaning is preserved.; input: لقد وافقوا جميعا ان يتم الصاقهم بجوار بعظهم البعض.
output: Tutti hanno accettato di vedere le loro facce affisse fianco a fianco.
explanation: The Arabic sentence is correctly translated into Italian, because the meaning is preserved.

Negative examples:
input: تم تشخيص إصابتي بمرض التهاب الدماغ والنخاع المؤلم للعضل.
output: E allora questo significa che dato che siamo andati in Iraq, dovremmo anche rimanerci fino a quando la situazione non si sia risolta. Magari anche 100 anni.
explanation: The Arabic sentence is not correctly translated into Italian, because the meaning is different.; input: شيئان.
output: Un paio di cose.
explanation: The Arabic sentence is not correctly translated into Italian, because the meaning is different.; input: وهذا يعني لاننا ذهبنا للعراق يجب ان نبقي هناك الى أن تُحلّ الامور.. ربما حتى بعد مائة عام.
output: Mi è stata diagnosticata l'encefalomielite mialgica.
explanation: The Arabic sentence is not correctly translated into Italian, because the meaning is different.
Task: Given a sentence in English, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in French that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase.
Categories: Translation
Domains: Wikipedia

Positive examples:
input: The NBA season of 1975 -- 76 was the 30th season of the National Basketball Association .
output: La saison 1975-1976 de la National Basketball Association était la 30e saison de la NBA.
explanation: This is a correct and accurate translation from English to French because the translated paraphrase retains the main message that between the years 1975-1976, the 30th NBA season occurred.; input: When comparable rates of flow can be maintained , the results are high .
output: Les résultats sont élevés lorsque des débits comparables peuvent être maintenus.
explanation: The resulting paraphrased translation from English to French is correct because the resulting translation holds the message that results are high when comparable rates of flow are maintained.

Negative examples:
input: In Paris , in October 1560 , he secretly met the English ambassador , Nicolas Throckmorton , asking him for a passport to return to England through Scotland .
output: En octobre 1560, il rencontra secrètement l'ambassadeur d'Angleterre, Nicolas Throckmorton, à Paris, et lui demanda un passeport pour retourner en Écosse par l'Angleterre.
explanation: This is not a proper translation from English to French because the resulting translation is not accurate to the original idea in which the locations of England and Scotland are not accurate.; input: There are also specific discussions , public profile debates and project discussions .
output: Il y a également des discussions publiques, des discussions de profils spécifiques et des discussions de projet.
explanation: This translated paraphrase from English to French is incorrect because the resulting translation does not reflect the actual topics of dicussion and debate relating to profiles and projects.
Task: In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Japanese language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
Categories: Question Answering
Domains: Commonsense
Reasoning: Commonsense Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: Question: トム少佐は武器の保存を望んでいた 彼らが危険であるのと同様に 彼は将来的には何ができるのかを 感じていました 
 Options: (A) 街路 (B) 使う (C) 滅ぼす (D) 腐る (E) 浪費 
output: B
explanation: One preserves something mainly if he/she thinks that it might be useful in the future. Hence, the predicted answer is correct.; input: Question: 歯科医院では口の外傷患者を多く扱っていましたが、その患者はどこから来ていたのでしょうか？ 
 Options: (A) 町 (B) ホスピタル (C) オフィスビル (D) 学校 (E) ミシガン 
output: B
explanation: This is the correct answer because the traumatic injuries are generally handled by the hospitals.; input: Question: なぜ人は給料をもらわずに仕事を続けるのか？ 
 Options: (A) はたらくのが楽しい (B) 並ぶ (C) ボランティア (D) 手を差し伸べる (E) よかった 
output: A
explanation: This is the correct answer. If someone loves to work too much then they like to keep working even without getting paid.; input: Question: 今年は人気でよくあるプレゼントだったので、どこにあると見つけやすいのかと向かった。 
 Options: (A) クリスマスツリー (B) クリスマス・ストッキング (C) 専門店 (D) デパート (E) 押入れ 
output: D
explanation: The predicted answer is correct because out of given many options only department stores are easy to find.; input: Question: 扇風機の音が大きくなりすぎて、他の人に迷惑をかけていたのですが、机の上には私物がたくさん置かれていて、彼はどこでスイッチを切るように要求されました。 
 Options: (A) 事務室 (B) 廊下 (C) 温室 (D) 家 (E) クローゼット 
output: A
explanation: The predicted answer is correct as the prahse, they allowed personal things on the desk, suggests that fan is in the office.

Negative examples:
input: Question: チケット売り場では「電車が遅れている」とライダーに知らせていたが、チケット売り場はどこにあったのか？ 
 Options: (A) 映画館 (B) スポーツアリーナ (C) メトロえき (D) 派 (E) 講堂 
output: E
explanation: This is incorrect answer. Because the train is running late. Hence, the ticket booth is located in metro station. Therefore, the correct answer is (C).; input: Question: ジョンは誰に何をあげればいいのかわからなかった。クリスマスプレゼントを買うことは 彼にとってストレスでした そして仕上げることは何だったのでしょうか？ 
 Options: (A) ほっとした (B) 幸福 (C) 哀しい (D) 金欠 (E) 借金 
output: E
explanation: John was stressed on buying the Christmas presents. Hence, the fishing was relief to him. Hence. the predicted answer is incorrect. And correct answer is (A).
Task: In this task, given a sentence in the English language, your task is to convert it into the Malay language.
Categories: Translation
Domains: News

Positive examples:
input: In an escalating controversy that has contributed to Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi's political problems and created a national uproar in Italy, Italian prosecutors began their own independent probe on Wednesday of the death of Nicola Calipari.
output: Didalam sebuah kontroversi yang sedang berkembang serta menyumbang kepada masalah politik Perdana Menteri Itali Silvio Berlusconi dan menghasilkan kegemparan negara Itali, para pendakwaraya Itali memulakan siasatan bebas mereka sendiri pada Rabu berkenaan kematian Nicola Calipari.
explanation: The above sentence is correctly translated from English to Malay.; input: Relations between the two countries had previously been strained, after the Venezuelan government voiced its opposition to new US military bases being set up in Colombia.
output: Hubungan antara kedua-dua negara sebelum ini memang tegang, selepas kerajaan Venezuela menyuarakan penentangannya terhadap pangkalan tentera Amerika Syarikat yang baru diwujudkan di Colombia.
explanation: The above sentence is correctly translated from English to Malay.; input: 2.8 million pounds of fire-hardened sugar were still present in one silo, and 500,000 pounds in another.
output: 2.8 juta paun gula yang menjadi keras kerana kebakaran masih berada di dalam satu silo, dan 500,000 paun dalam satu lagi silo.
explanation: The above sentence is correctly translated from English to Malay.

Negative examples:
input: Sonar imagery of the Kormoran shows the site consists of two main pieces at a depth of 2560 metres.
output: Penahanan itu dibuat atas permintaan pegawai A.S. yang mendakwa dia mencuri lebih daripada sembilan juta dolar diperuntukkan oleh Washington untuk membantu meningkatkan keselamatan nuklear Rusia.
explanation: The above sentence is not correctly translated from English to Malay as none of the words match the translation.; input: If the coalition is successful, Musharraf will be the first president in Pakistan's sixty-one year history to have been impeached.
output: Penumpang itu mendapat pemain muziknya semula, semua orang menaiki semula pesawat, dan dengan kehilangan tiga jam, penerbangan itu berlepas ke San Francisco.
explanation: The above sentence is not correctly translated from English to Malay as none of the words match the translation.; input: The U.S. claims that the such weapons have killed at least 170 troops and a much higher number of Iraqi civilians.
output: Lapan pelumba terbaik telah ditamatkan oleh pelumba petak pertama Robert Kubica dari BMW Sauber.
explanation: The above sentence is not correctly translated from English to Malay as none of the words match the translation.
Task: In this task you will be given a claim and a perspective. You should determine whether that perspective supports or undermines the claim. If the perspective could possibly convince someone with different view, it is supporting, otherwise it is undermining.
Categories: Textual Entailment
Domains: Debatepedia
Reasoning: Textual Entailment

Positive examples:
input: claim: Music containing lyrics that glorify violent and criminal lifestyles should be banned.
 perspective: hip hop artists have a right to free speech
output: undermine
explanation: Musicians having a right to free speech clearly undermines the claim for putting constraints on their lyrics.; input: claim: Abolish the US Electoral College.
 perspective: The electoral college weakens incentives for voting and party building.
output: support
explanation: The perspective is clearly in support of the claim as it is giving an example of problems of the Electoral College.

Negative examples:
input: claim: Abolish the monarchy.
 perspective: monarchy in britain led to lots of chaos in the past
output: undermine
explanation: The given perspective is supporting the claim, so this is not a correct answer.; input: claim: Gambling must be banned.
 perspective: Casinos support local communities financially.
output: weaken
explanation: The perspective is weakening the claim, but your answer should only be one of "support" or "undermine".
Task: Two analogies that signify affordances are given in the form "A : B. C : ?". Affordance is the possibility of an action being done on an object, for example book is an affordance of writing. The phrase "A : B" implies that B is an affordance of A. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with the appropriate affordance of the given action C, following the "A : B" relation. Your answer should be a single object without further explanation.
Categories: Word Analogy
Domains: Commonsense
Reasoning: Relational Reasoning; Commonsense Reasoning; Analogical Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: cure : disease. swing : ?
output: sword
explanation: The given analogy implies that diseases can be cured - an affordance relation. Hence, the appropriate answer for swing is sword, since swords can be swung.; input: write : book. swear : ?
output: oath
explanation: The given analogy implies that books can be written - an affordance relation. Hence, the appropriate answer for swear is oath, since oaths can be sworn.; input: sing : song. drive : ?
output: car
explanation: The given analogy implies that songs can be sung - an affordance relation. Hence, the appropriate answer for drive is car, since cars can be driven.

Negative examples:
input: ride : horse. attack : ?
output: car
explanation: The given analogy implies that horses can be ridden - an affordance relation. But, car is not an appropriate answer for attack, since cars cannot be attacked.; input: swear : oath. drop : ?
output: fall
explanation: The given analogy implies that oaths can be sworn - an affordance relation. But, fall is not an appropriate answer for drop, since this models the causation relation.; input: drink : water. give : ?
output: enemy
explanation: The given analogy implies that water can be drunk - an affordance relation. But, enemy is not an appropriate answer for give
Task: In this task you are given a sentence. You must judge whether subject of the main clause is singular or plural. Label the instances as "Singular" or "Plural" based on your judgment.
Categories: Linguistic Probing
Domains: Narrative
Reasoning: Grammatical Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: Coming from a xenophobic race that possesses the unique ability to pass among other species and chooses not to, the bounty hunter is a walking contradiction.
output: Singular
explanation: "the bounty hunter" is the subject of the sentence which is singular.; input: Her employer had escaped with his wife for several afternoons this summer.
output: Singular
explanation: "Her employer" is the subject of the sentence which is singular.; input: There are hues of gold and yellow, and of course one bright spot of orange.
output: Plural
explanation: "hues of gold and yellow" is the subject of the sentence which is plural.

Negative examples:
input: Her bridesmaids and groomsmen appeared ill at ease, even her friend, Tamara Kincaid, who was always self-assured.
output: Singular
explanation: "Her bridesmaids and groomsmen" is the subject of the sentence which is plural so the output is incorrect.; input: The demon's roar of rage echoed through the woods, and it turned toward me.
output: Plural
explanation: "The demon's roar of rage" is the subject of the main clause which is singular so the output is incorrect.
Task: A text is given in English. Translate it from the English language to the Hindi language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Categories: Translation
Domains: Sociology; News

Positive examples:
input: There are special coaching classes for Adivasi students
output: आदिवासी छात्रों के लिए विशेष कोचिंग क्लासेस हैं
explanation: Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'There are special coaching classes for Adivasi students' which is the same as the output sentence.; input: The casualty was successfully evacuated and brought to Leh- another life saved by the helicopter of IAF
output: दुर्घटना को सफलतापूर्वक निकाला गया और लेह में लाया गया- आईएएफ के हेलीकॉप्टर द्वारा बचाया गया एक और जीवन
explanation: Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'The casualty was successfully evacuated and brought to Leh- another life saved by the helicopter of IAF' which is the same as the output sentence.

Negative examples:
input: Textiles Minister Gives Away Handicrafts Export Awards
output: यह दोनों देशों के बीच साझा Knowledge Society की स्थापना के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण कदम है, जो विशेष रूप से हमारे युवाओं को लाभान्वित करेगा ।
explanation: Incorrect translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'Textiles Minister Gives Away Handicrafts Export Awards'' which is not the same as the output sentence meaning 'It is an important step for the establishment of Shared Knowledge Society between the two countries, which will especially benefit our youth.'; input: This is an important step for the establishment of a Common Knowledge Society between the two countries, which will particularly benefit our youth
output: वस्त्र मंत्री ने हस्तशिल्प निर्यात पुरस्कार प्रदान किए
explanation: Incorrect translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'This is an important step for the establishment of a Common Knowledge Society between the two countries, which will particularly benefit our youth'' which is not the same as the output sentence meaning 'Textile Minister provided Handicrafts Export Award'