ceselder/lots-of-loras-task-definitions huggingface dataset:
Task: In this task, you are given a text of the article. Your task is to generate a headline (title) for this article.
Categories: Title Generation
Domains: News

Positive examples:
input: australia 's current account deficit shrunk by a record #.## billion dollars -lrb- #.## billion us -rrb- in the june quarter due to soaring commodity prices , figures released monday showed .
output: australian current account deficit narrows sharply
explanation: This headline is appropriate for the given article text because the focus of this article is Australian current accounts.; input: at least two people were killed in a suspected bomb attack on a passenger bus in the strife-torn southern philippines on monday , the military said .
output: at least two dead in southern philippines blast
explanation: This article focuses on the southern Philippines blast; hence the generated title is correct.; input: four east timorese youths who scaled the french embassy 's fence here thursday , left the embassy on their way to portugal friday .
output: UNK latest east timorese asylum seekers leave for portugal
explanation: The example is correct, as it correctly summarizes the passage; input: bosnian croat forces have begun torching homes in parts of western bosnia captured during a summer offensive but due to return to serbian control under the dayton peace agreement , un officials said friday .
output: croats torch homes in areas due to return to serbs
explanation: The example is correct, as it correctly summarizes the passage

Negative examples:
input: australian shares closed down #.# percent monday following a weak lead from the united states and lower commodity prices , dealers said .
output: envoy urges north korea to restart nuclear disablement
explanation: The generated title and the article text are different. Hence, this is not the correct title.; input: south korea on monday announced sweeping tax reforms , including income and corporate tax cuts to boost growth by stimulating sluggish private consumption and business investment .
output: south korea announces tax are high
explanation: This article talks about south Korean tax cuts, but there is no indication about tax being high. So, the generated title is not correct.
Task: In this task, you are given two sentences. Your task is to classify the given sentences as "Yes" if they have same meaning; otherwise, classify them as "No". 
Categories: Text Matching
Domains: Dialogue

Positive examples:
input: Sentence-1: I'm looking forward to it.<sep>Sentence-2: I did hear about the event next week .
output: Yes
explanation: We need to check if the answer is yes or no based on the given sentence-1 and sentence-2. Both the sentences give the same meaning, and so the output is a yes.; input: Sentence-1: Visiting historical landmarks is fun.<sep>Sentence-2: It's raining.
output: No
explanation: We need to check if the output is yes or no based on the given sentences by checking if both the sentences meanings are same. The first sentence provided tells us that the person likes to visit historical places. Sentence 2 is something related to rain. Both the sentences do not give the same meaning. So the judgement is No.

Negative examples:
input: Sentence-1: I haven't reached till there yet<sep>Sentence-2: I liked it
output: Yes
explanation: As in the sentence 1, it was told that he did not reach till there yet, he can't say if he liked something or not. But in sentence 2, it's interpreted as he liked it which is not a Yes. But the machine interpreted it as Yes which is irrelevant.; input: Sentence-1: I am working on it<sep>Sentence-2: I am trying that
output: No
explanation: In sentence 1, someone said that he is working on it, the sentence 2 also has the same meaning, so the output should be a Yes, as they both have the same meaning. But the machine interpreted it as No which is irrelevant.
Task: You're given a sentence and your task is to classify whether the sentence is acceptable or not. Any sentence which is grammatically correct, has a naturalistic text, is written by a native speaker and which minimizes superfluous content is acceptable, otherwise unacceptable. If the sentence is acceptable then write "acceptable", otherwise "unacceptable".
Categories: Text Quality Evaluation
Domains: Linguistics
Reasoning: Grammatical Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: Our friends won't buy this analysis, let alone the next one we propose.
output: acceptable
explanation: The sentence is easy to understand where a person talks about not being convinced of the analysis. So, it's acceptable.; input: The knee replacement candidate groaned up the stairs.
output: acceptable
explanation: The sentence is acceptable becaue it's easy to understand because the person talks about knee replacement candidate.; input: The dog barked out of the room.
output: unacceptable
explanation: The sentence makes no sense. So it must be unacceptable because the a dog barking and getting out of room have no correlation.

Negative examples:
input: They made him to exhaustion.
output: acceptable
explanation: The sentence is not acceptable because the grammar is incorrect and it's not clearly understandable.; input: They made him into a monster.
output: unacceptable
explanation: The sentence is acceptable because we can easily understand what they mean by saying they made him into a monster.; input: The bullets whistled past the house.
output: unacceptable, acceptable
explanation: It should either return acceptable or unacceptable not both of them.
Task: In this task, you need to output 'Yes' if the given number is a prime number otherwise output 'No'. A 'prime number' is a a whole number above 1 that can not be made by multiplying other whole numbers.
Categories: Mathematics
Domains: Mathematics
Reasoning: Numerical Reasoning; Quantitative Reasoning; Mathematics -> Arithmetic

Positive examples:
input: 7
output: Yes
explanation: 7 is a prime number as it has no factors greater than 1. So, it can't be made by multiplying other whole numbers and the answer is 'Yes'.; input: 12
output: No
explanation: 12 is not a prime number as it can be made by multiplying 2 with 6 or 3 with 4. So, the answer is 'No'.

Negative examples:
input: 100
output: Yes
explanation: 100 is not a prime number as it can be made by multiplying 2 with 50 or 4 with 25 etc. So, the answer should have been 'No' instead of 'Yes'.
Task: In this task, you are given a premise sentence, two possible options and a question word. If the question was cause you should select the option that is a possible cause of the premise sentence, and if the question word was effect you should find the option which is a possible effect of the premise sentence. Answer with "A" or "B".
Categories: Cause Effect Classification
Domains: Web
Reasoning: Causal Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: The animal species became endangered. (A) Their habitat was destroyed. (B) Their predators went extinct., Question: cause
output: A
explanation: The question word is cause, so we should find the possible cause of the premise. Option A can be the cause of the premise, and the output should be "A".; input: The bar closed. (A) It was crowded. (B) It was 3 AM., Question: cause
output: B
explanation: The bar was closed bacause it was 3 AM. So the output should be "B".; input: The man was lost. (A) He asked for directions. (B) He drew a map., Question: effect
output: A
explanation: We are looking for the effect of the premise. The plausible effect of the man being lost can be asking for directions. So, the output should be "A".

Negative examples:
input: The woman was arrested. (A) She checked into rehab. (B) She committed assault., Question: cause
output: A
explanation: We are looking for the cause of the premise. The plausible cause of the woman being arrested can be committing assault, and checking into rehab can't be the cause of premise. So, the given output is incorrect.; input: The man was lost. (A) He asked for directions. (B) He drew a map., Question: effect
output: He asked for directions.
explanation: The output should be "A" or "B" and other answers are not acceptable.
Task: Given an input word generate a word that rhymes exactly with the input word. If not rhyme is found return "No"
Categories: Misc.
Domains: Miscellaneous

Positive examples:
input: difficult
output: No
explanation: The word difficult has no natural English rhymes and so the model outputs No as specified in the instructions.; input: contribute
output: tribute
explanation: The output is a word that rhymes exactly with the input word.

Negative examples:
input: planet
output: Mercury
explanation: Here the model outputs an example of a planet in response to the prompt word instead of following the directions and generating a rhyming word.; input: difficult
explanation: The model generates a blank string when it cannot find any rhymes instead of returning "No" as specified in the instructions
Task: In this task, you are given a question and a corresponding answer. Your task is to generate a fact statement that is useful in answering the given question.
Categories: Sentence Composition
Domains: Natural Science -> School Science Textbooks

Positive examples:
input: Question: Frilled sharks and angler fish live far beneath the surface of the ocean, which is why they are known as? Answer: deep sea fish
output: deep sea animals live deep in the ocean.
explanation: This sentence is useful when answering the given question. The sentence provides the information that animals who live deep in the ocean are called deep sea fish. This is a good output. ; input: Question: An example of lots kinetic energy would be? Answer: An aircraft taking a trip
output: as an object moves , the kinetic energy of that object will increase.
explanation: This sentence is useful when answering the given question. The sentence provides information that objects moving have kinetic energy. This is a good output. 

Negative examples:
input: Question: Brackish water is often found where? Answer: several large rivers meet.
output: a canyon forming occurs over a period of millions of years
explanation: This was the incorrect conclusion to draw. Canyons are not formed were large rivers meet, nor does it have anything to do with brackish water.; input: Question: Evaporation is the reason that? Answer: a rain puddle is suddenly gone.
output: acid rain has a negative impact on water quality
explanation: Acid rain is not related to evaporation and water quality also is not related to evaporation. This was the incorrect conclusion to draw.
Task: Given a text paragraph and a fact, generate 'True' if the fact can be inferred/concluded from the paragraph, otherwise generate 'False'. The input passage contains as set of logical statements so the fact can be marked either 'True' or 'False' if the relavant info regarding the fact is present in the given passage. If the Fact can't be marked True or False from the given paragraph, mark it as False. Don't use knowledge outside the given paragraph to check the fact.
Categories: Fact Verification
Domains: Commonsense -> Concepts and Relations

Positive examples:
input: Paragraph: Anne is rough. Cold people are rough. If Anne is green then Anne is blue. Rough people are young. Anne is blue. If someone is rough and furry then they are blue. All young people are cold. If someone is rough and nice then they are green. Anne is young.     Fact: Anne is rough.
output: True
explanation: From the given paragraph, we can infer that 'Anne is rough'; input: Paragraph: Anne is rough. Cold people are rough. If Anne is green then Anne is blue. Rough people are young. Anne is blue. If someone is rough and furry then they are blue. All young people are cold. If someone is rough and nice then they are green. Anne is young.     Fact: Anne is not young.
output: False
explanation: From the given paragraph particulary this parts 'Anne is rough' and 'Rough people are young', we can infer that Anne is young. So, the Fact 'Anne is not young' is indeed False

Negative examples:
input: Paragraph: Harry is kind. Harry is white. Harry is round. If someone is furry then they are white. If someone is green and kind then they are round. If someone is green then they are blue. If someone is not white and not furry then they are not kind. Harry is quiet. If someone is green and not round then they are furry. If someone is green then they are furry. Harry is furry. If someone is not kind then they are not green. Harry is blue. Harry is green. If someone is green then they are quiet.     Fact: Harry is green.
output: False
explanation: From the given paragraph, we can infer that Harry is indeed green. So, this is a bad example.; input: Paragraph: Harry is kind. Harry is white. Harry is round. If someone is furry then they are white. If someone is green and kind then they are round. If someone is green then they are blue. If someone is not white and not furry then they are not kind. Harry is quiet. If someone is green and not round then they are furry. If someone is green then they are furry. Harry is furry. If someone is not kind then they are not green. Harry is blue. Harry is green. If someone is green then they are quiet.     Fact: Harry is not white.
output: True
explanation: From the given paragraph, we can infer that Harry is white. So, this is a bad example.
Task: In this task, you need to count the number of nouns/verbs in the given sentence.
Categories: Pos Tagging
Domains: Captions -> Image Captions
Reasoning: Mathematics -> Counting

Positive examples:
input: Sentence: 'A small toy kept on tray held by a man'. Count the number of nouns in this sentence.
output: 3
explanation: The words 'toy', 'tray', and 'man' are nouns in this sentence. So, the answer is 3.; input: Sentence: 'A small toy kept on tray held by a man'. Count the number of verbs in this sentence.
output: 2
explanation: The words 'kept' and 'held' are verbs in this sentence. So, the answer is 2.

Negative examples:
input: Sentence: 'A young man riding a bike near garden'. Count the number of verbs in this sentence.
output: 2
explanation: This sentence has only 1 verb 'riding'. So, the answer should have been 1 and not 2.
Task: In this task, you are given a dialogue between a user and an assistant, where users and assistants converse about geographic topics like geopolitical entities and locations. The task here is to find if the dialogue is by the user or assistant. Classify your answers into user and assistant.
Categories: Speaker Identification
Domains: Dialogue; Commonsense -> Concepts and Relations -> Social Commonsense
Reasoning: Reasoning on Social Interactions

Positive examples:
input: Ok, the national drink of Scotland is whisky.
output: assistant
explanation: It is pretty straightforward. It is knowledge sharing, and the assistant explains the question asked by the user.; input: Alright, can you elaborate on that for me, more detail?
output: user
explanation: The user is asking a question from the assistant, so the speaker is the user.; input: I'm sorry, I don't have any regional sports information
output: assistant
explanation: This is the answer by the assistant because the assistant is mentioning his limited knowledge about regional sports.

Negative examples:
input: As a matter of fact, the executive and legislative branches are organized independantly in all three spheres of government, while the judiciary is organized only at the federal, state, and Federal District spheres.
output: user
explanation: The assistant presents this data. The user usually doesn't give this much information to the assistant.; input: Geography please!
output: assistant
explanation: The user is answering to the question raised by the assistant, so it is a user's dialogue.; input: Panama is a country in Central America and is most famous for the Panama Canal, it is bordered by Costa Rica and Colombia. The United States froze economic and military assistance to Panama in the middle of 1987 in response to the domestic political crisis in Panama and an attack on the US embassy. These sanctions did little to overthrow Noriega but severely damaged the economy.
output: user
explanation: This knowledge is presented by the assistant.
Task: You are given a sentence, a question and two answer options ('A' and 'B'). Your task is to find the **incorrect** answer (return the string of the incorrect option, not A/B).
Categories: Wrong Candidate Generation
Domains: Story; Commonsense -> Concepts and Relations
Reasoning: Relational Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: Sentence: Jacob and Benny are squatting at the gym. Jacob has thin frail legs and Benny has big strong legs. Question: Who squats less weight? (A) Jacob (B) Benny
output: Benny
explanation: Typically, people with thin frail legs squat less weight than people with big strong legs, so the incorrect answer is Benny.; input: Sentence: The fastest land animal on earth, a cheetah was having a 100m race against a rabbit. Question: Which one won the race? (A) the cheetah (B) the rabbit
output: the rabbit
explanation: Since the cheetah is the fastest land animal, it was more likely to win the race, so the incorrect answer is the rabbit.

Negative examples:
input: Sentence: Suppose your neighbor John is playing music and your friend Nikos at the end of the street is also playing music. Question: Who's music will appear to be louder? (A) John (B) Nikos
output: John
explanation: Typically, the closer you are to the source of the sound, the louder the sound is. Since John lives closer, his music will appear to be louder. So the incorrect answer is Nikos.; input: Sentence: The Sun is closer to the Earth then the nearest star. Question: Which object looks bigger to someone standing on the Earth looking up? (A) Sun (B) Star
output: Sun
explanation: In general, as an object gets closer, it appears larger. Since the sun is closer to the Earth, it should look bigger to people on the Earth. So the incorrect answer is Star.
Task: You are given a sentence and a question in the input. If the information provided in the sentence is enough to answer the question, label "Yes", otherwise label "No". Do not use any facts other than those provided in the sentence while labeling "Yes" or "No". There are only two types of valid responses: Yes and No.
Categories: Answerability Classification
Domains: News; Wikipedia; Law; Justice; History; History -> 9/11 Reports; Anthropology; School Science Textbooks; Fiction

Positive examples:
input: Sentence: GOP leaders submitted the new offer Tuesday afternoon in an effort to appease Democrats, whose votes are needed to avert a shutdown of federal agencies, several House and Senate aides said. Question: Who has to be appeased to keep the government open?
output: Yes.
explanation: The sentence says that "the Democrats" have to be appeased, which answers the question. So, the correct label should be "Yes".; input: Sentence: His mother, Ann Dunham (1942–1995), was born in Wichita, Kansas, of mostly English descent, with some German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss, and Welsh ancestry. Question: How old was Obama’s mother when he was born?
output: No.
explanation: The sentence mentions the birth year of Ann Dunham but it does not say that she is Obama’s mother. It also doesn't say when her son was born. Note that, any information other than that mentioned in the sentence cannot be used to answer the question. So, the correct label should be "No".

Negative examples:
input: Sentence: GOP leaders submitted the new offer Tuesday afternoon in an effort to appease Democrats, whose votes are needed to avert a shutdown of federal agencies, several House and Senate aides said. Question: Who has to be appeased to keep the government open?
output: Democrats.
explanation: Your response should only be "yes" or "no" based on whether information in the given sentence is enough to answer the given question or not. The correct response here would have been a "Yes".; input: Sentence: His mother, Ann Dunham (1942–1995), was born in Wichita, Kansas, of mostly English descent, with some German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss, and Welsh ancestry. Question: How old was Obama’s mother when he was born?
output: Information not enough.
explanation: Even though information provided in the sentence is not enough to answer the question, you should not write that explicitly in your response. Instead you should indicate it with label "No". Remember that there are only 2 types of possible responses: "Yes" and "No".
Task: In this task, you are given a tuple, comprising Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether, as a result of the Head, PersonY or others will want what is mentioned in the Tail or not. In this task, wanting is a postcondition desire on the part of PersonY and others, respectively. For example, as a result of PersonX giving PersonY gifts, PersonY may want to open the gift. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
Categories: Commonsense Classification
Domains: Sociology; Commonsense -> Concepts and Relations -> Social Commonsense
Reasoning: Relational Reasoning; Reasoning on Social Interactions; Commonsense Reasoning -> Social Situations

Positive examples:
input: Head: PersonX holds PersonY's head<sep>Tail: to be messaged
output: Yes
explanation: This is a good example. As a result of the Head, PersonY will want to be messaged.; input: Head: PersonX achieves PersonX's dream<sep>Tail: to achieve the dream
output: No
explanation: In this example, if PersonX achieves PersonX's dream, others won't want to achieve the dream. So this output is correct.; input: Head: PersonX fulfills PersonY's needs<sep>Tail: to spend time with personX
output: Yes
explanation: If PersonX fulfils PersonY's needs, personY will want to spend time with personX. Thus, this example should be classified as "Yes".

Negative examples:
input: Head: PersonX accepts PersonY's offer<sep>Tail: relieved
output: Yes
explanation: In this example, being relieved is not a post conditional desire. It's a consequence. So the output should be "No".; input: Head: PersonX loses PersonX's cool<sep>Tail: to fight PersonX
output: No
explanation: If PersonX loses PersonX's cool, PersonY will want to fight PersonX, and the output should be "Yes".
Task: In this task if the pronoun is male or gender-neutral you are to replace it with a female pronoun. If there are no pronouns add a female-gendered word to the sentence.
Categories: Sentence Perturbation
Domains: Wikipedia; Dialogue; Miscellaneous

Positive examples:
input: He designed monumental Loviisa war cemetery in 1920.
output: She designed monumental Lovissa war cemetery in 1920.
explanation: The masculine pronoun was changed to a feminine pronoun.; input: How will his parents react?
output: How will her parents react?
explanation: The masculine pronoun was changed to a feminine pronoun.; input: I was so surprised by the birthday party.
output: She was so surprised by the birthday party.
explanation: The gender-neutral pronoun was changed to feminine pronoun.; input: Don't forget the straws.
output: Don't forget the straws, ma'am. 
explanation: The sentence had no pronouns so the female gendered word 'ma'am' was added to the sentence.

Negative examples:
input: I am a vegetarian. I like swimming.
output: I am a programmer. I like dancing.
explanation: The gender-neutral pronoun of the sentence was not changed to a feminine pronoun, the content of the sentence changed.; input: Her father taught her how to fish.
output: His father taught him how to fish.
explanation: The feminine pronoun was changed to a masculine pronoun.