ceselder/lots-of-loras-task-definitions huggingface dataset:
Task: In this task, you are given a tuple, comprising Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether, as a result of the Head, PersonY, or others, feel what is mentioned in the Tail or not. Feelings in this task are the emotional reactions on the part of PersonY or other participants in an event. For example, as a result of gift-giving, others (in this case, PersonY) might feel appreciated. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
Categories: Commonsense Classification
Domains: Sociology; Commonsense -> Concepts and Relations -> Social Commonsense
Reasoning: Relational Reasoning; Reasoning on Social Interactions; Commonsense Reasoning -> Social Situations

Positive examples:
input: Head: PersonX adapts ___ to conditions<sep>Tail: Get things done more effectively
output: No
explanation: As a result of the Head, The others won't feel things are done more effectively.; input: Head: PersonX lights ___ on fire<sep>Tail: none
output: Yes
explanation: This is a good example. As a result of Head sentence, others will feel nothing.; input: Head: PersonX asks PersonY to play<sep>Tail: to play
output: No
explanation: In this example, "to play" is not an emotional reaction. Thus, this example should be classified as "No".

Negative examples:
input: Head: PersonX affects children 's ___<sep>Tail: to make a difference
output: Yes
explanation: If PersonX affects children 's ___, others won't feel to make a difference. So the output should be "No".; input: Head: PersonX gives PersonY command<sep>Tail: like they are set to task
output: No
explanation: If PersonX gives PersonY command, PersonY will feel like he/she is set to the task, and the output should be "Yes".
Task: You will be given a piece of text either about an everyday event, or a general statement. If the event seems a plausible event to you, or the general statement makes sense matches your commonsense, output 'True', otherwise output 'False'.
Categories: Commonsense Classification
Domains: Commonsense -> Concepts and Relations
Reasoning: Commonsense Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: The glass fell of a three-story building, so it broke into pieces.
output: True
explanation: Falling down from a considerable height causes glasses to break, so this is a true sentence.; input: Marry was going out to work, so she asked her sixteen-year-old daughter to take care of her five-year-old son.
output: True
explanation: It makes sense to ask a teenage person to take care of their child sibling, so this is a true sentence.; input: Johnathan didn't have a hammer, so he used a cotton pad to drive the nail into the wood.
output: False
explanation: This sentence is not true, because cotton pads are soft and therefore can not be proper substitutes for hammers.; input: Suraya's best friend is getting married soon, so she will likely choose to go on a trip instead of helping her friend organize the ceremony.
output: False
explanation: This sentence is not true, because people tend to help their best friends when they have a big event, like a wedding, coming soon.

Negative examples:
input: For the twenty guests Sam was going to have over for dinner, she ordered two small pizzas.
output: True
explanation: Two small pizzas is not enough dinner for twenty people, so this sentence is not true.; input: Ali has decided to get up early from now on, so he is likely to go to bed later than before.
output: True
explanation: People are likely to go to bed earlier if they want to get up sooner, so this sentence is not true.; input: Jacob lives a 15-minute drive away from his office, so in order to be on-time for his 8 am meeting, he should leave home by 7:45.
output: False
explanation: Given the 15 minute driving time to a place, one should leave at least 15 minute before an event to catch it on-time, so this sentence is true.; input: My smart neighbour adviced me to use a paper tape to fix the hole in my bath tub.
output: True
explanation: Bath tubs are filled with water and a paper tape will dissolve in a bath tub, so a smart person would not give such an advice.; input: After a year of consistent practice, Jennifer was able to run a marathon.
output: Correct
explanation: The output should be either 'True' or 'False'.
Task: The input is a sentence. The sentence includes an emotion. The goal of the task is to classify the emotion in the sentence to one of the classes: 'fear', 'joy', 'anger', 'sadness'. The emotion mainly depends on the adverb within the sentence.
Categories: Sentiment Analysis
Domains: Commonsense; Dialogue; Narrative
Reasoning: Reasoning on Social Interactions; Commonsense Reasoning -> Social Situations

Positive examples:
input: Alphonse feels anxious.
output: fear
explanation: Anxious is a negative emotion that can very well fall under the category of FEAR.; input: This woman feels excited.
output: joy
explanation: Decide the word from the input that is an adverb. Excited in this case. Excited seems to be a positive emotion. So, it can fit into JOY category.; input: I made Ebony feel relieved.
output: joy
explanation: Ebony, the person of interest feels "relieved" in this case which is out of pressure, thereby, culminating to a positive emotion. So, it means JOY.

Negative examples:
input: This man made me feel ecstatic.
output: anger
explanation: On getting the adverb from the above sentence, it is found to be "ecstatic". This word just shows that a person is very happy, which is a positive emotion. The predicted emotion is anger, which is a negative emtion. So, the correct answer is JOY.; input: I made Torrance feel irritated.
output: fear
explanation: fear, anger and sadness fall under the category negative emotion. But, 'Irritated' is a term when someone feels angry. So, THE correct answer ANGER.
Task: Given a fact, create a question that can be answered using the fact. Construct the question such that it is unambiguous, has a unique answer and the answer can be given using the fact.
Categories: Question Generation
Domains: Natural Science -> School Science Textbooks

Positive examples:
input: Fact: deep sea animals live deep in the ocean
output: Frilled sharks and angler fish live far beneath the surface of the ocean, which is why they are known as?
explanation: The output question is related to the fact in that frilled sharks and angler fish are deap sea animals. The question is related to the fact so this is a good question.; input: Fact: as an object moves , the kinetic energy of that object will increase
output: An example of lots of kinetic energy would be?
explanation: The output question is related to the fact in that it is asking about kinetic energy. The answer could then be a fast moving object. This is a good question.

Negative examples:
input: Fact: water is often brackish in an estuary
output: What is the sun made of?
explanation: This a bad question. The sun is not related to water or estuaries and the sun's composition is also not related to the fact.; input: Fact: if a liquid disappears then that liquid probably evaporated
output: What happens is water is mopped up?
explanation: This question is related to liquid disappearing, but when water is mopped up, it does not evaporate. This question is not answerable given the fact and is a bad question.; input: Fact: a magnet attracts magnetic metals through magnetism
output: What is an example of a magnetic metal?
explanation: This question can not be answered using the given fact, so this is not a correct answer.
Task: In this task, you are given a sentence which contains a motion and your task is to identify the physical entities involved in the motion. The input sentence can have more than one entity and also there is at least one entity that takes part in physical motion. There are two types of entities which are animate (beings that are alive) and inanimate entities (beings that are not alive).
Categories: Information Extraction
Domains: News; Wikipedia
Reasoning: Commonsense Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: Mr. Miller waved his hands in a gesture of divine despair, spun round, darted up the aisle, turned, and bounded back.
output: Mr. Miller, hands
explanation: In this sentence, the female is performing a motion on the liquids. So the answer should be Yes. Mr. Miller is the animate entity who is taking part in a motion where he is performing various actions like moving his hands around. The hands are the inanimate entity on which a motion is performed. This is the example where multiple entities are involved and are separated by commas.; input: She snatched the photograph away, cast one glance at the languishing brown eyes, and tumbled it, face downward, into a bureau drawer.
output: She, the photograph
explanation: The motion here is performed by 'She' as the person performs an action on the inanimate object photograph. This is the example where multiple entities are involved and are separated by commas.; input:  A young man takes pictures of artistic ice sculptures, while a person carves a piece of ice in the street.
output: person
explanation: The motion is performed by a person but not A young man because A young man is still and does not require motion while taking pictures and there is no movement involved whereas a person is performing an action that requires movement.; input:  The person then pushes the fruit around the bowl with a spoon over and over again.
output: person, fruit, spoon
explanation: Based on the sentence given the person is the animate entity who is performing an action on the fruit which is present in the bowl. So effectively the person is pushing the bowl along with the fruit in it. The person is using an inanimate object which is a spoon to perform the motion.

Negative examples:
input: The God of Luck had smiled upon his boldness, and, reflecting upon it Kan Wong turned back to the river and the sampan that had so long been his floating home.
output: The God of Luck
explanation: The answer is wrong because The God of luck is a fictive personality and not a real person performing the motion. The God of Luck is being imagined by the entities in the sentence.; input: The Wolf was dead, and I hallooed to Snap, but he did not move.
output: The Wolf
explanation: In this sentence, the Wolf is dead and is motionless. The actual motion is performed by 'I'.; input: The woman is talking to the camera pointing at a hair dryer.
output: the camera
explanation: In this sentence, the camera is not pointing or performing a motion. Instead, it is The woman is performing a motion
Task: In this task, you need to answer the given multiple-choice question on the general math. Classify your answers into 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', and 'e'.
Categories: Question Answering
Domains: Mathematics
Reasoning: Quantitative Reasoning; Numerical Reasoning; Mathematics -> Arithmetic

Positive examples:
input: Problem: what is difference between biggest and smallest fraction among 2 / 3 , 3 / 4 , 4 / 5 and 5 / 3 
Options: a ) 2 / 5 , b ) 3 / 5 , c ) 1 / 6 , d ) 1 , e ) none of these
explanation: "explanation : 2 / 3 = . 66 , 3 / 4 = . 75 , 4 / 5 = . 8 and 5 / 3 = 1.66 so the biggest is 5 / 3 and the smallest is 2 / 3 their difference is 5 / 3 - 2 / 3 = 3 / 3 = 1 option d"
output: d; input: Problem: if 2 / z = 2 / ( z + 1 ) + 2 / ( z + 49 ) which of these integers could be the value of z ? 
Options: a ) 0 , b ) 1 , c ) 2 , d ) 5 , e ) 7
explanation: "solving for z algebraically in this problem would not be easy . instead , we can follow the hint in the question ( “ which of these integers … ” ) and test each answer choice : a . 2 / 0 = 2 / 1 + 2 / 49 incorrect ( division by zero ) b . 2 / 1 = 2 / 2 + 2 / 50 incorrect c . 2 / 2 = 2 / 3 + 2 / 51 incorrect d . 2 / 3 = 2 / 4 + 2 / 54 incorrect e . 2 / 4 = 2 / 5 + 2 / 56 correct the correct answer is e , because it contains the only value that makes the equation work . notice how quickly this strategy worked in this case"
output: e

Negative examples:
input: Problem: how many prime numbers are between 76 / 8 and 124 / 5 ? 
Options: a ) 1 , b ) 2 , c ) 3 , d ) 4 , e ) 5
explanation: "76 / 8 = 38 / 4 = 19 / 2 = 10 - 124 / 5 = 25 - prime numbers between 10 and 29 are 11 , 13 , 17 , 19 , and 23 - sign signifies that the number is marginally less . answer e". Hence, option a is incorrect.
output: a; input: Problem: during the first two weeks of january , the total rainfall in springdale was 20 inches . if the rainfall during the second week was 1.5 times the rainfall during the first week , what was the rainfall during the second week of january ? 
Options: a ) 5 inches , b ) 6 inches , c ) 9 inches , d ) 10 inches , e ) 12 inches
explanation: "total rainfall in 2 weeks = 20 inches . assume the rainfall in second week = 1.5 x rainfall in first week = x total rainfall = 2.5 x = 20 inches x = 8 and 1.5 x = 12 rainfall during second week = 12 inches option e". Hence, option a is incorrect.
output: a
Task: The input contains a debate topic, an argument on the topic and a keypoint, separated by "<sep>". Your task is to answer if the keypoint matches the argument and summarizes exactly what the argument means, in the context of the given topic.
Categories: Text Matching
Domains: Reviews; Law; Dialogue; Government and Politics; Philosophy; World Religions

Positive examples:
input: Argument: It is more humane to help the person die than to let them suffer excruciating pain<sep>Keypoint: The terminally ill would benefit from assisted suicide
output: False
explanation: The keypoint does not summarize the argument that it is more humane to help the person die than to let them suffer excruciating pain; input: Argument: Assisted suicide is equivalent to murder and should be treated as such.<sep>Keypoint: Assisted suicide is akin to killing someone
output: True
explanation: The keypoint summarizes the argument that assisted suicide is equivalent to murder and should be treated as such.; input: Argument: It helps relieve some people from tremendous suffering<sep>Keypoint: Assisted suicide gives dignity to the person that wants to commit it
output: False
explanation: The keypoint does not summarize the argument that it helps relieve some people from tremendous suffering

Negative examples:
input: Argument: People who are terminally ill with no hope of survival should be spared the pain and suffering of living.<sep>Keypoint: People should have the freedom to choose to end their life
output: True
explanation: The keypoint does not summarize the argument that people who are terminally ill with no hope of survival should be spared the pain and suffering of living.; input: Argument: Assisted suicide should be a criminal offence because people shouldn't be able to help murder others<sep>Keypoint: Assisted suicide is akin to killing someone
output: False
explanation: The keypoint summarizes the argument that assisted suicide should be a criminal offence because people shouldn't be able to help murder others; input: Argument: Assisted suicide allows for a person who is sick and fully understanding what is done to end their pain when no quality of life can be assured<sep>Keypoint: The terminally ill would benefit from assisted suicide
output: False
explanation: The keypoint summarizes the argument that assisted suicide allows for a person who is sick and fully understanding what is done to end their pain when no quality of life can be assured
Task: You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to apply addition or subtraction mathematical operators on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer.
Categories: Question Answering
Domains: Mathematics
Reasoning: Numerical Reasoning; Quantitative Reasoning; Mathematics -> Arithmetic

Positive examples:
input: Last year , 90171 people were born in a country , and 16320 people immigrated to it . How many new people began living in the country last year ?
output: 106491
explanation: Total people living in the country = born - immigrated = 90171 - 16320 = 106491; input: There are 27 pencils in the drawer . Nancy placed 45 pencils in the drawer . How many pencils are now there in total ?
output: 72
explanation: Total pencils = added extra + already present = 27 + 45 = 72

Negative examples:
input: Alyssa picked 42 pears and Nancy picked 17 pears from the pear tree . How many pears were picked in all ?
output: 42
explanation: Total pears in all = pears picked by Alyssa + pears picked by nancy = 42 + 17 = 59 ; input: The town of Milburg has 5256 grown - ups and 2987 children . How many people live in Milburg ?
output: 2987
explanation: Total number of people living in MilBurg is 5256 + 2987 = 8243,hence correct answer is 8243
Task: Generate a topic word for the given sentence. A topic word is usually the name of a person, place, animal, concept or object the sentence is focusing on.
Categories: Keyword Tagging
Domains: Wikipedia

Positive examples:
input: fear of needles (medically known as belomophobia) is a term used to describe a large fear (phobia) of medical procedures involving needles.
output: fear of needles
explanation: This statement is talking about the fear of needles, so 'fear of needles' is a correct answer.; input: the 2015 ping an chinese football association super league (chinese: 2015中国平安中国足球协会超级联赛) was the 12th chinese super league season and was won by guangzhou evergrande taobao.
output: 2015 chinese super league
explanation: Here, the input statement talks about the chinese football association held in 2015, so that is a correct answer.

Negative examples:
input: roaring lion (march 11, 2015 – august 23, 2019) was an american-bred, british-trained thoroughbred racehorse.
output: roaring racehorse
explanation: The input statement is talking about the roaring lion.; input: the maillard reaction is a chemical reaction between an amino acid and a reducing sugar that gives browned food its distinctive flavor.
output: chemical reaction
explanation: Here the input statement is talking about the maillard reaction and not the general chemical reaction.
Task: In this task, we ask you to rewrite a sentence in simple English without changing its general meaning. Essentially, you want to make the sentence easier to read by using simpler words, utilizing more straightforward sentence structures, and omitting non-essential information etc.
Categories: Text Simplification
Domains: Wikipedia

Positive examples:
input: In early work , Rutherford discovered the concept of radioactive half-life, the radioactive element radon, and classified three types of radiations: alpha, beta and gamma radiation .

output: Rutherford discovered the radioactive half-life, the chemical element radon, and the three parts of radiation which he named Alpha, Beta, and Gamma .

explanation: The output sentence is a simplified version of the input sentence.; input: The Inheritance Cycle is a tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini.
output: The Inheritance Cycle is a series of fantasy books written by Christopher Paolini.
explanation: The output sentence is a bit more general and uses simpler words. It is easier to read than the input sentence.; input: The Greco-Roman world , Greco-Roman culture , or the term Greco-Roman (spelled Graeco-Roman in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth), when used as an adjective , as understood by modern scholars and writers , refers to those geographical regions and countries that culturally ( and so historically ) were directly , long-term , and intimately influenced by the language , culture , government and religion of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
output: The Greco-Roman or Graeco-Roman world , refers to geographical regions and countries who had the language, culture, government or religion of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
explanation: The output sentence is much easier to read because it omits non-essential information and uses a simpler sentence structure.

Negative examples:
input: Boryla was not in the 1952 playoffs.
output: Boryla did not participate in the 1952 playoffs.
explanation: The output sentence uses more complex words than the input sentence. It is the opposite of what we want.; input: The population in China increased to around 2,000 in 2005.
output: By 2005, the population decreased to about 2,000.
explanation: The output sentence changed the meaning of the input sentence.
Task: In this task, you're given an ambiguous question (which can be answered in more than one way). Your task is to provide one question which clarifies the input question and it has one unique answer, and also provide an answer to the generated question. Generated question and answer should be separated with a new line.
Categories: Question Rewriting
Domains: Wikipedia
Reasoning: Abductive Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: Lucifer how many episodes are in season 3?
output: How many episodes of season 3 of Lucifer were there, including bonus episodes? 
 26
explanation: The generated question clarifies the input question by asking about bonus episodes because if the question is about regular episodes only then the answer will be different than including the bonus episodes. Also, the answer to the generated question is provided.; input: What is the tallest ride at six flags over texas?
output: What is the tallest roller coaster at six flags over texas 2001? 
 The Titan
explanation: The generated output elaborates the input question by mentioning the year in question because there is a different answer for this question for the year 1990, 2001 and 2011. Also, the answer to the generated question is provided.; input: Who won the final hoh big brother 20?
output: Who won the Final HoH in the American reality show Big Brother 20? 
 Kaycee Clark
explanation: The generated output elaborates the input question that which reality show because there is two 'Big brother 20' show, American and British. Also, the answer to the generated question is provided.

Negative examples:
input: Lucifer how many episodes are in season 3?
output: How many episodes of season 3 of Lucifer were there, including bonus episodes? 26
explanation: The generated question clarifies the input question by asking about bonus episodes because if the question is about regular episodes only then the answer will be different than including the bonus episodes. However, output just writes the answer directly without adding a separator, i.e., 
.; input: What is the tallest ride at six flags over texas?
output: What is the tallest roller coaster at six flags over Texas 2001?
explanation: The generated output elaborates the input question by mentioning the year in question because there is a different answer for this question for the year 1990, 2001 and 2011. However, the answer to the generated question is not provided.; input: Who won the final hoh big brother 20?
output: Who lose the Final HoH in the American reality show Big Brother 20? 
 Sarah Harding
explanation: The generated output elaborates the input question that which reality show because there is two 'Big brother 20' show, American and British. Also, an answer to the generated question is provided. However, the output of the generated question is incorrect; Sarah Harding won the British reality show not American.