ceselder/lots-of-loras-task-definitions huggingface dataset:
Task: In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of the quantity of a particular object and are supposed to find out the answer for a given question. Craft one correct answer to the question given in input. Make sure your correct answer is consistent with the context, and properly gives the exact number relating to the query.
 In your answer, use as few words as possible from the given context. To be less repetitive, please vary your language for each question.
Categories: Question Answering
Domains: Web
Reasoning: Abductive Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: Sentence: The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest. Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter. 
Question: How many people identify as gay or bisexual in NYC?
output: 568,903
explanation: There are total 568903 individuals who identify as gay or bisexual.; input: Sentence: The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest. Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter. 
Question: Since Gay marriage became legal, how many days did people have to wait to marry?
output: 30
explanation: Its given that it took 30 days for registration of same-sex marriage.

Negative examples:
input: Sentence: The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest. Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter. 
Question: Since Gay marriage became legal, how many days did people have to wait to marry?
output: 45
explanation: Its given that it took 30 days for registration of same-sex marriage.
Task: In this task, you're given an ambiguous question (which can be answered in more than one way). Your task is to write a question that clarifies the given question in such a way that the generated question has one unique answer.
Categories: Question Rewriting
Domains: Wikipedia
Reasoning: Abductive Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: Lucifer how many episodes are in season 3?
output: How many episodes of season 3 of Lucifer were there, including bonus episodes?
explanation: The generated question clarifies the input question by asking about bonus episodes because if the question is about regular episodes only then the answer will be different than including the bonus episodes.; input: What is the tallest ride at six flags over Texas?
output: What is the tallest roller coaster at six flags over Texas 2001?
explanation: The generated output elaborates the input question by mentioning the year in question because there is a different answer for this question for the year 1990, 2001 and 2011.; input: Who won the final hoh big brother 20?
output: Who won the Final HoH in the American reality show Big Brother 20?
explanation: The generated output elaborates the input question by restricting the reality show. There are  two 'Big brother 20' shows, American and British.

Negative examples:
input: Lucifer how many episodes are in season 3?
output: How many episodes of season 4 of Lucifer were there, including bonus episodes?
explanation: The generated output is incorrect because it changed the season number from 3 to 4. The output should elaborate on the input question and should not change any entity from the input.; input: What is the tallest ride at six flags over texas?
output: What is the tallest roller coaster at six flags over Tempe 2001?
explanation: The generated output is incorrect because it changed the city from Texas to Tempe. The output should elaborate on the input question and should not change any entity from the input.; input: Who won the final hoh big brother 20?
output: Who lose the Final HoH in the American reality show Big Brother 20?
explanation: The generated output asks about who loses the final Hoh instead of asking win. The output should elaborate on the input question and should not change any entity from the input.
Task: In this task, you are given a country name and you need to return the region of the world map that the country is located in. The possible regions that are considered valid answers are: Caribbean, Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, South America, North America, Central America, Antarctica, Australia and New Zealand, Central Africa, Northern Africa, Eastern Africa, Western Africa, Southern Africa, Eastern Asia, Southern and Central Asia, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Melanesia, Polynesia, British Isles, Micronesia, Nordic Countries, Baltic Countries.
Categories: Misc.
Domains: Countries

Positive examples:
input: Angola
output: Central Africa
explanation: Angola is located in the Central Africa region of the world map.; input: Greenland
output: North America
explanation: Greenland is located in the North America region of the world map.

Negative examples:
input: Afghanistan
output: Middle East
explanation: Afghanistan not is located in the Middle East region of the world map. However, Afghanistan is located in the Southern and Central Asia region of the world map.; input: Bhutan
output: Antarctica
explanation: Bhutan not is located in the Antarctica region of the world map. However, Bhutan is located in the Southern and Central Asia region of the world map.
Task: In this task, you will be given sentences in which you have to recognize the name of the body cells. A cell is a mass of cytoplasm that is bound externally by a cell membrane. Usually microscopic in size, cells are the smallest structural units of living matter and compose all living things. Although there might be several correct answers, you need to write one of them.
Categories: Named Entity Recognition
Domains: Biology -> Clinical Knowledge

Positive examples:
input: HeLa cells were first treated with 250 mug / ml Trail followed by pulse labeling of newly synthesized proteins with [ 35S ] methionine.
output: HeLa cells
explanation: HeLa cells are the first immortal human cell line. It should be tagged.; input: Antisperm antibodies were assessed in the serum samples of 73 men unable to ejaculate naturally and on the sperm cells of 13 of these men .
output: sperm
explanation: Sperm is a male reproductive cell, produced by most animals, hence needs to be identified.

Negative examples:
input: On pathologic examination of the specimen , typical large tumor cells with lymphocytic cell infiltration and prominent granulomatous reaction were observed .
output: tumor cells with lymphocytic cell
explanation: Detailed description of the tumor cells are irrelvant and should not be included.; input: Antisperm antibodies were assessed in the serum samples of 73 men unable to ejaculate naturally and on the sperm cells of 13 of these men .
output: sperm cells of 13 of these men
explanation: Organisms containing the cells are not required and should be excluded.
Task: In this task, you are given a country name and you need to return the capital city of the given country
Categories: Misc.
Domains: Countries

Positive examples:
input: United States
output: Washington
explanation: Washington is the capital city of United States.; input: India
output: New Delhi
explanation: New Delhi is the capital city of India.

Negative examples:
input: France
output: Rome
explanation: Rome is not the capital city of France. Paris is the capital city of France.; input: Italy
output: Beijing
explanation: Beijing is not the capital city of Italy. Rome is the capital city of Italy.
Task: You are given a list of integers. A list is shown by comma-separated numbers between two brackets. For example, [7,3,6] is a list. The number in location one is 7, the number in location two is 3, and the number in location three is 6. You should answer with a list such that every element at each location is equal to the product of elements at every other location in the input array. For example, if a list has four numbers, the answer you give should be created like this: First element of your list = product of second, third, and fourth elements in the given list. Second element of your list = product of First, third and fourth elements in the given list, etc.
Categories: Program Execution
Domains: Mathematics
Reasoning: Quantitative Reasoning; Numerical Reasoning; Mathematics -> Arithmetic

Positive examples:
input: [1,2,3,4,5]
output: [120, 60, 40, 30, 24]
explanation: The given list contains five elements, so the answer should contain five elements too. The first element of the answer equals the product of first, second, third, fourth and fifth elements from the given list. That is: 2x3x4x5 = 120. The second element is the product of the first, third, fourth and fifth elements from the given list. That is: 1x3x4x5=60. The other elements are also calculated like this.; input: [3,5,7,8]
output: [280, 168, 120, 105]
explanation: The given list contains four elements, so the answer should contain four elements too. The first element of the answer equals the product of first, second, third, and fourth elements from the given list. That is: 5x7x8 = 280. The second element is the product of the first, third, and fourth elements from the given list. That is: 3x7x8=168. The other elements are also calculated like this.

Negative examples:
input: [1,2,4]
output: [8,8,2]
explanation: The second element of the answer should be the product of the first and the third elements in the given list, which is 1x4 = 4 but it is calculated as 8 which is wrong.; input: [1,5]
output: [5,5]
explanation: The second member of the list should be the product of all other elements in the given list, except the second one, so it should be 1.
Task: Your task is to generate the next utterance in a given dialogue. You will be given a few sentences describing the personality of the person who is making the dialogue, and a history of the dialogue after that. Each line in the history is said by one of the two participants in the conversation.
Categories: Dialogue Generation
Domains: Dialogue
Reasoning: Reasoning on Social Interactions; Commonsense Reasoning -> Social Situations

Positive examples:
input: Personality: I like to keep my stockpile organised.
I love to save money.
I donate any overstock to charity.
I am a couponed.
I shop several times a week.
Chat history: -I love my french bulldog Macy.
 -Is it expensive to have a dog? Sounds expensive.
 -Yes my foot size is a 10.
 -Did you pay full price for your shoes?
 -I did I went to Sears.
 -I don't like to pay full price for things that I buy.
 -I do not either but these were cute.
 -There is always something better to do with the leftover money, something that will help everyone.
 -Oh I agree charities are the best.
output: I agree with you, I donate as much as possible.
explanation: The conversation is about donation and things to do with leftover money. Since the person usually donates, this is a good dialogue for them.; input: Personality: I love comic books.
My favorite hero is superman.
I want to grow up to be a superhero one day.
I am 8 years old.
My name is Todd.
Chat history: -Hi there. How are you?
 -Doing well. I'm new to La.
 -Oh. I just got back from La last week.
 -I just moved here. I used to live in Tokyo.
 -Oh, I have been to Tokyo once.
 -Its an awesome city, but I want to make it in hollywood.
 -My parents take me all over the world with them.
 -I bet you have learned a lot of languages. I'm learning English.
 -Do you like comic books? I do!
 -I like superhero movies. That's close to comics.
 -Superman is my favorite hero.
 -I like iron man. I will be famous like Tony Stark.
 -When I grow up I want to be a superhero.
 -I wish that was possible. Maybe you could play one on tv.
output: That would be so cool. Maybe one day.
explanation: Given the personality description, this person would be excited about playing a superhero in a movie.

Negative examples:
input: Personality: I am tall.
I spend my free time volunteering at nursing homes.
I like to water ski.
My favorite color is red.
Chat history: -Hi! I love the color red, do you?
 -Omg that is my favorite color!! My iphone is even red! Do you have an iphone?
output: I do. I have a green iphone.
explanation: It's more possible for this person to have a red iphone, since their favorite color is red.; input: Personality: My country is Russia.
I can also squat 400 pounds.
I am a weight lifter.
I can benchpress 345 pounds.
Chat history: -Hi how are you today.
 -Hi. I'm doing well. I hale from Russia. Where are you from?
 -I'm from California.
 -What do you like to do in your spare time?
 -I don't really have spare time I always work never have bill money.
output: Me too. I just eat and sleep.
explanation: This is not a valid answer, since this person is an athlete.
Task: You are given a sentence, a question and two answer options ('A' and 'B'). Your task is to find the correct option for the given question. Write down the answer index: 'A' or 'B'.
Categories: Question Answering
Domains: Story; Commonsense -> Concepts and Relations
Reasoning: Relational Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: Sentence: Jacob and Benny are squatting at the gym. Jacob has thin frail legs and Benny has big strong legs. Question: Who squats less weight? (A) Jacob (B) Benny
output: A
explanation: Typically, people with thin frail legs squat less weight than people with big strong legs, so the answer is A.; input: Sentence: The fastest land animal on earth, a cheetah was having a 100m race against a rabbit. Question: Which one won the race? (A) the cheetah (B) the rabbit
output: A
explanation: Since the cheetah is the fastest land animal, it was more likely to win the race, so the answer is A.

Negative examples:
input: Sentence: Suppose your neighbor John is playing music and your friend Nikos at the end of the street is also playing music. Question: Who's music will appear to be louder? (A) John (B) Nikos
output: B
explanation: Typically, the closer you are to the source of the sound, the louder the sound is. Since John lives closer, his music will appear to be louder. So the correct answer is A.; input: Sentence: The Sun is closer to the Earth then the nearest star. Question: Which object looks bigger to someone standing on the Earth looking up? (A) Sun (B) Star
output: B
explanation: In general, as an object gets closer, it appears larger. Since the sun is closer to the Earth, it should look bigger to people on the Earth. So the correct answer is A.
Task: In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Categories: Sentence Expansion
Domains: Wikipedia
Reasoning: Commonsense Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: The Inheritance Cycle is a series of fantasy books written by Christopher Paolini.
output: The Inheritance Cycle is a tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini.
explanation: The output sentence elaborates on the input sentence without changing its general meaning e.g. "tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels".; input: The Greco-Roman or Graeco-Roman world , refers to geographical regions and countries who had the language , culture , government or religion of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
output: The Greco-Roman world , Greco-Roman culture , or the term Greco-Roman (spelled Graeco-Roman in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth), when used as an adjective , as understood by modern scholars and writers , refers to those geographical regions and countries that culturally ( and so historically ) were directly , long-term , and intimately influenced by the language , culture , government and religion of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
explanation: The output sentence elaborates on the input sentence by adding qualifiers and auxiliary information.

Negative examples:
input: Boryla, an American football quarterback, did not participate in the 1952 playoffs.
output: Boryla was not in the 1952 playoffs.
explanation: The output sentence is less elaborate than the input sentence -- it has less information than the input sentence.; input: The wild population in China decreased to around 2,000 in 2005.
output: By 2005, the wild population decreased to about 2,000.
explanation: The output sentence changes the meaning of the input sentence.
Task: You are given a request sent by a user in a human and computer dialogue. Your task is to generate a prediction of what the requester is actually trying to do. The input is a sentence written by the human user, trying to achieve certain objective through this human computer interaction, and the output should be a sentence or two succinctly describing the human user's objective mentioned previously.
Categories: Intent Identification
Domains: Dialogue
Reasoning: Commonsense Reasoning -> Social Situations; Reasoning on Social Interactions; Abductive Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: what are the seven deadly sins
output: Find a list of the seven deadly sins.
explanation: The answer is exactly what the user actually wants.; input: Information about raffles
output: Find the homepage of Raffles Hotel in Singapore.
explanation: The output shows the user's intent. It may need to have some extra knowledge on the user's geolocation to predict the location of the hotel however.; input: What can I do in sherwood regional library
output: What services are provided by the Sherwood Regional Library?
explanation: The user wants to know more about the library's service other than borrowing books.

Negative examples:
input: where can I buy a trombone?
output: what is the definition of a trombone?
explanation: The output does not match the user's intent, because the user is trying to buy the item, not to learn what it is.; input: Tell me more about the structure of satellites
output: Give me a list of current satellites
explanation: The user is asking about the definition of satellites. The user is not trying to find the names of all satellites.; input: I'm looking for flame designs
output: Find information about how to start a flame
explanation: The user wants to find a flame design which is a kind of art. It is not referring about a physical flame.
Task: You are given a question on medical genetics. You are also given 4 answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D"), out of which only one is correct. You need to answer the question by selecting the correct option. You should only answer with the choice letter, not the whole answer.
Categories: Question Answering
Domains: Medical Genetics
Reasoning: Scientific Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: In a Robertsonian translocation fusion occurs at the:
(A)telomeres. (B)centromeres. (C)histones. (D)ends of the long arms.
output: B
explanation: In a Robertsonian translocation fusion occurs at the centromeres; input: Zinc finger proteins and helix-turn-helix proteins are
(A)types of DNA-binding proteins (B)involved in the control of translation (C)components of ribosomes (D)part of the hemoglobin in blood cells
output: A
explanation: Zinc finger proteins and helix-turn-helix proteins are types of DNA-binding proteins

Negative examples:
input: In a Robertsonian translocation fusion occurs at the:
(A)telomeres. (B)centromeres. (C)histones. (D)ends of the long arms.
output: I dont know.
explanation: Do not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: 'A', 'B, 'C', 'D'.; input: Zinc finger proteins and helix-turn-helix proteins are
(A)types of DNA-binding proteins (B)involved in the control of translation (C)components of ribosomes (D)part of the hemoglobin in blood cells
output: B,C
explanation: Only one of the following options ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D') is allowed to be the answer. Multiple options can not be correct. The correct answer here would have been 'A'.; input: The mutation in sickle-cell disease consists of:
(A)a deletion. (B)a duplication. (C)an insertion. (D)a point mutation.
output: A
explanation: The sickle-cell disease consists of a point mutation. Hence the correct answer should be 'D'.
Task: In this task you are given a medical question pair hand-generated. Your task is to classify a given post into two categories 1) 'Similar' if the given two questions have a same connotation 2) 'Dissimilar' if the given two questions have a different connotation or meaning.
Categories: Text Matching
Domains: Medicine; Healthcare

Positive examples:
input: Sentence1: After how many hour from drinking an antibiotic can I drink alcohol? 
 Sentence2: I have a party tonight and I took my last dose of Azithromycin this morning. Can I have a few drinks?
output: Similar
explanation: The first sentence ask about the number of hours to drink again after having an antibiotic and the second sentence also ask question about having drinks having later at night after having Azithromycin an antibiotic.; input: Sentence1: After how many hour from drinking an antibiotic can I drink alcohol? 
 Sentence2: I vomited this morning and I am not sure if it is the side effect of my antibiotic or the alcohol I took last night...
output: Dissimilar
explanation: The first sentence asks about the number of hours to drink again after having an antibiotic whereas in the second sentence there is a confusion regarding the reason for the vomit.; input: Sentence1: Can coarctation of the aorta cause poor growth in height? 
 Sentence2: I am 4' 8". My mom said that I have a birth defect (coarctation of aorta). Are the two related?
output: Similar
explanation: Both the sentence ask about the relation between the coarctation of aorta and the height.; input: Sentence1: Aspirin allergy - is it worth getting a bracelet? 
 Sentence2: How much Aspirin can I take for my headache without causing any side effects?
output: Dissimilar
explanation: In the second sentence the user is asking about the number of Aspirin he can take before getting the side effects whereas the first sentence asks about the worth of buying the entire bracelet of Aspirin.

Negative examples:
input: Sentence1: Can doxycycline treat an ear infection? 
 Sentence2: What are the side effects of Doxycycline?
output: Similar
explanation: The first sentence asks whether doxycycline treats ear infection whereas the second sentence asks about the side effect of Doxycycline.Both the sentence have different connotation so they should be 'Dissimilar'.; input: Sentence1: How do add and ADHD differ? 
 Sentence2: Are ADD and ADHD the same? My sister is diagnosed with ADD. So looking out for some stuff to read through.
output: Dissimilar
explanation: The first sentence asks about the difference between ADD and ADHD and the second sentence also asks about the same difference so they should better be 'Similar' than 'Dissimilar'.