ceselder/lots-of-loras-task-definitions huggingface dataset:
Task: Given a sentence in Spanish, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in English that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase.
Categories: Translation
Domains: Wikipedia

Positive examples:
input: La temporada de la NBA de 1975: 76 fue la 30ª temporada de la National Basketball Association.
output: The 1975 -- 76 season of the National Basketball Association was the 30th season of the NBA .
explanation: This is a correct and accurate translation from Spanish to English because the translated paraphrase retains the main message that between the years 1975-1976, the 30th NBA season occurred.; input: Cuando se pueden mantener tasas de flujo comparables, los resultados son altos.
output: The results are high when comparable flow rates can be maintained .
explanation: The resulting paraphrased translation from Spanish to English is correct because the resulting translation holds the message that results are high when comparable rates of flow are maintained.

Negative examples:
input: En París, en octubre de 1560, se reunió en secreto con el embajador inglés, Nicolas Throckmorton, pidiéndole un pasaporte para regresar a Inglaterra a través de Escocia.
output: In October 1560 , he secretly met with the English ambassador , Nicolas Throckmorton , in Paris , and asked him for a passport to return to Scotland through England .
explanation: This is not a proper translation from Spanish to English because the resulting translation is not accurate to the original idea in which the locations of England and Scotland are not accurate.; input: También hay discusiones específicas, debates de perfil público y discusiones de proyectos.
output: There are also public discussions , profile specific discussions , and project discussions .
explanation: This translated paraphrase from Spanish to English is incorrect because the resulting translation does not reflect the actual topics of dicussion and debate relating to profiles and projects.
Task: The task is to identify if a given passage or sentence has proper punctuation. This includes proper capitalization and the use of punctuations such as commas, semi-colons and full-stops. The answer is True if all punctuation is properly applied, else the answer is False.
Categories: Punctuation Error Detection
Domains: Books

Positive examples:
input: jack ate the beans that the old man gave him.
output: False
explanation: The first letter of a new sentence is not capitalized, hence punctuation is incomplete.; input: The old sage was wise intelligent frail and weak
output: False
explanation: Commas and full-stop are missing and hence punctuation is not complete.; input: The boy looked at the red flower.
output: True
explanation: Capitalization and Punctuation are perfect.

Negative examples:
input: The chicken crossed the road.
output: False
explanation: There is nothing wrong with the punctuation, the answer should be True.; input: The professor congratualted marie on her victory.
output: True
explanation: Marie is a proper noun and should be capitalized but it isn't. Therefore the answer should be False.
Task: In this task, you are given two phrases: Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether the Head happens after the Tail or not. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
Categories: Commonsense Classification
Domains: Sociology; Commonsense -> Concepts and Relations -> Social Commonsense; Commonsense -> Concepts and Relations -> Spatial Commonsense
Reasoning: Relational Reasoning; Reasoning on Social Interactions; Commonsense Reasoning -> Social Situations; Commonsense Reasoning -> Spatial Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: Head: PersonX cuts the ribbon<sep>Tail: PersonX opens a store
output: Yes
explanation: This is a good example. The Head happens after the Tail.; input: Head: PersonX acquires PersonY knowledge<sep>Tail: He plays also.
output: No
explanation: In this example, the Head and the Tail can happen at the same time. So the output should be"No".; input: Head: PersonX wants to go outside<sep>Tail: PersonX opens the door
output: Yes
explanation: In this example, opening the door happens before going out. Thus, this example should be classified as "Yes".

Negative examples:
input: Head: PersonX adapts to PersonY's environment<sep>Tail: accommodating
output: Yes
explanation: Accommodating is not an event that happens before the Head. So the output should be "No".; input: Head: PersonX adopts a baby<sep>Tail: PersonX takes adoption classes
output: No
explanation: Adopting a baby happens after taking the adoptions classes, and the output should be "Yes".
Task: In this task, given a sentence in the Vietnamese language, your task is to convert it into the English language.
Categories: Translation
Domains: News

Positive examples:
input: Theo Trung tá Forbes Peters của Hải quân Australia, các quan chức Indonesia cũng hài lòng như các thủy thủ, Peters nói rằng "Các tùy viên hải quân và đại sứ đang ở đây và họ ôm chặt vào Trung tá Larry Cook."
output: According to the Australian Navy's Commander Forbes Peters, Indonesian officials are as pleased as the ships crew, with Peters saying "The naval attache and the first secretary to the ambassador are on site here and they cuddled Lieutenant Commander Larry Cook."
explanation: The above sentence is correctly translated from Vietnamese to English; input: Kể từ khi Canada có hai ngôn ngữ chính thức (Tiếng Anh và tiếng Pháp) một vài nghệ sĩ đến từ Quebec đã đi hát ở Pháp.
output: Since Canada has two official languages (English and French) some artists were from Quebec and sung in French.
explanation: The above sentence is correctly translated from Vietnamese to English; input: Vì vậy, đến nay không có thương tích về người và không có nhà cửa bị hư hại, nhưng một trong những tòa nhà lưu trữ thiết bị được sử dụng bởi nhân viên cứu hỏa đã bị đốt cháy tan tành.
output: So far there have been no injuries and no homes have yet been damaged, but one building storing equipment used by firefighters was burned to the ground.
explanation: The above sentence is correctly translated from Vietnamese to English

Negative examples:
input: Ông nói chính phủ sẽ không làm theo những nguyên tắc chung này.
output: In addition to wheelchairs, the workshops handle all manner of work with prostheses.
explanation: The above sentence is not correctly translated from Vietnamese to English as none of the words match the translation.; input: Để đáp lại kế hoạch của Liên minh phòng thủ Anh về việc tổ chức một cuộc diễu hành vào thứ bảy tới, nhà lãnh đạo của Hội đồng Tameside, Kieran Quinn, cho biết rằng hội đồng sẽ yêu cầu Bộ Nội vụ Anh cấm EDL diễu hành qua thị trấn Hyde, gần thành phố Manchester.
output: The NTSB has now revealed that they have advised Rolls-Royce to redesign the fuel/oil heat exchanger, and Rolls-Royce have stated that they are indeed working on a replacement part that will be available within twelve months.
explanation: The above sentence is not correctly translated from Vietnamese to English as none of the words match the translation.; input: Nếu tiến trình phẫu thuật này thành công trong các nghiên cứu quy mô lớn, nó có thể dẫn đường cho việc sử dụng robot trong các ca phẫu thuật phức tạp hơn, chẳng hạn như phẫu thuật tim.
output: According to domestic media, concerns over safety at the port have been raised in the past; a government study in 2006 noted that five projects at the port were at risk of accidents.
explanation: The above sentence is not correctly translated from Vietnamese to English as none of the words match the translation.
Task: Given a sentence in Spanish, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in Chinese that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase.
Categories: Translation
Domains: Wikipedia

Positive examples:
input: La temporada de la NBA de 1975: 76 fue la 30ª temporada de la National Basketball Association.
output: 1975-76赛季的全国篮球协会是NBA的第30个赛季。
explanation: This is a correct and accurate translation from Spanish to Chinese because the translated paraphrase retains the main message that between the years 1975-1976, the 30th NBA season occurred.; input: Cuando se pueden mantener tasas de flujo comparables, los resultados son altos.
output: 当可以保持可比较的流速时，结果很高。
explanation: The resulting paraphrased translation from Spanish to Chinese is correct because the resulting translation holds the message that results are high when comparable rates of flow are maintained.

Negative examples:
input: En París, en octubre de 1560, se reunió en secreto con el embajador inglés, Nicolas Throckmorton, pidiéndole un pasaporte para regresar a Inglaterra a través de Escocia.
output: 1560年10月，他在巴黎秘密会见了英国大使尼古拉斯·斯罗克莫顿，并要求他通过英格兰返回苏格兰的护照。
explanation: This is not a proper translation from Spanish to Chinese because the resulting translation is not accurate to the original idea in which the locations of England and Scotland are not accurate.; input: También hay discusiones específicas, debates de perfil público y discusiones de proyectos.
output: 还有公开讨论，特定档案讨论和项目讨论。
explanation: This translated paraphrase from Spanish to Chinese is incorrect because the resulting translation does not reflect the actual topics of dicussion and debate relating to profiles and projects.
Task: In this task, you are given a hateful post in English from online platforms. You are expected to classify the target being harassed in the post as individual or generic, i.e., single person or a group of people. Note that the URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
Categories: Toxic Language Detection
Domains: Social Media -> Twitter

Positive examples:
input: Post: Stop tweeting about your boyfriend. No one gives a shit. And you're gonna break up in a month anyway #WomenSuck
output: Individual
explanation: The target being harassed in the post is the person he or she is replying to. Thus, the post should be classified as individual.; input: Post: Illegal Criminals EVERYWHERE #BuildThatWall !!
output: Generic
explanation: Th post is hateful towards a group of people instead of individuals.

Negative examples:
input: Post: What do you call a woman who has lost 95% of her intelligence? Divorced
output: Individual
explanation: This post should be classified as generic because it is hateful towards all divorced women instead of a particular one.; input: Post: @Asholeee_  come on woman do your job right #WomenSuck
output: Generic
explanation: This post should be classified as individual because it is hateful towards the user @Asholeee_.
Task: Answer the question from the given passage. Your answer should be directly extracted from the passage, and it should be a single entity, name, or number, not a sentence.
Categories: Question Answering
Domains: Wikipedia

Positive examples:
input: Passage: Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523, when he arranged for them to be smuggled out in herring barrels. Suddenly, and while I was occupied with far different thoughts, he wrote to Wenceslaus Link, “the Lord has plunged me into marriage. At the time of their marriage, Katharina was 26 years old and Luther was 41 years old. Question: In a letter who did Luther credit for his union with Katharina?
output: the Lord
explanation: The paragraph clearly states that, Luther has credited the Lord for his union with Katharina, hence the Lord is correct answer.; input: Passage: Sunset is the time of day when our sky meets the outer space solar winds. There are blue, pink, and purple swirls, spinning and twisting, like clouds of balloons caught in a whirlwind. Question: What time of the day does our sky meet outer space solar winds?
output: Sunset
explanation: The task results Sunset as answer when asked for the time of the day the sky meets solar winds, which is stated in the paragraph. Hence, it is correctly answered.; input: Passage: On July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 spacecraft launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Its mission was to go where no human being had gone before—the moon! The crew consisted of Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin. The spacecraft landed on the moon in the Sea of Tranquility, a basaltic flood plain, on July 20, 1969. Question: When did Apollo 11 spacecraft launch?
output: July 16, 1969
explanation: The paragraphs states that Apollo 11 was launched on July 16 1969 which has been answered right, hence it is a good example.

Negative examples:
input: Passage: Oceans and lakes have much in common, but they are also quite different. Both are bodies of water, but oceans are very large bodies of salt water, while lakes are much smaller bodies of fresh water. Question: What are large bodies of water?
output: lakes
explanation: The answer that is expected is Ocean according to the paragraph given but lakes is returned, hence this is a bad example.; input: Passage: First, move all of the items that do not have a proper place to the center of the room. Get rid of at least five things that you have not used within the last year. Take out all of the trash, and place all of the dirty dishes in the kitchen sink. Question: Where to place all the dirty dishes?
output: trash
explanation: The correct answer would be Kitchen Sink as per the context but trash is answered, therefore, this is a negative example.
Task: Given a sentence in the Thai, provide an equivalent translation in Japanese that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is.
Categories: Translation
Domains: News

Positive examples:
input: อิตาลีได้เอาชนะโปรตุเกสด้วยคะแนน31ต่อ5 ในกลุ่มc ของการแข่งขันรักบี้เวิลด์คัพปี2007 ที่สนามปาร์กเดแพร็งส์ ที่กรุงปารีส ประเทศฝรั่งเศส
output:  フランスのパリ、パルク・デ・プランスで行われた2007年ラグビーワールドカップのプールCで、イタリアは31対5でポルトガルを下した。
explanation: The Thai sentence is correctly converted into Japanese because the converted sentence holds the message that Italy defeated Portugal 31–5 in Pool C of the 2007 Rugby World Cup at the Parc des Princes in Paris, France. Also, translated sentence preserves the numbers as it is.; input: โปรตุเกสไม่ละความพยยาม และDavid Penalvaได้ทำคะแนนด้วยลูกไทรในนาทีที่33 ซึ่งเป็นเพียงคะแนนเดียวของพวกเขาในการแข่งขันครั้งนี้
output: ポルトガルはあきらめることなく、デビッド・ペナルバが33分でトライを決め、試合中唯一の得点をあげた。
explanation: The Thai sentence is correctly converted into Japanese because the converted sentence contains the correct message from the Thai sentence that Without giving up, Portugal's David Penlava scored 1 point in 33 minutes, Portugal's only point in the entire game. Also, numbers are preserved number as it is.

Negative examples:
input: โปรตุเกสอยู่อันดับสุดท้ายของกลุ่มโดยยังไม่มีคะแนน ซึ่งตามหลังโรมาเนียมีคะแนนอยู่หนึ่งแต้ม
output: ニュージーランドが10ポイントでグループをリードし、勝ち点差でスコットランドに勝っている。
explanation: This is not a proper translation from Thai to Japanese because the resulting translation is not accurate to the original. Thai sentence is about the score of Romania and Portugal whereas the translated sentence is about New Zealand and Scotland.; input: นิวซีแลนด์เป็นผู้นำกลุ่มด้วยคะแนนที่มีมากกว่าสก็อตแลนด์สิบคะแนน
output: 現在8ポイントとプールCでは3位のイタリアは、9月29日に2位のスコットランドとの厳しい戦いに臨む。
explanation: This translation from Thai to Japanese is incorrect because the resulting translation does not reflect the actual topic of the sentence which is a comparison of the rank of New Zealand and Scotland.
Task: A text is given in Bengali. Translate it from the Bengali language to the Tamil language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Categories: Translation
Domains: Sociology; News

Positive examples:
input: இந்த ஒப்பந்தம் 2019, ஜனவரி மாதத்தில் டென்மார்க்கிலிருந்து இந்தியாவிற்கு வருகை தரவுள்ள மிக முக்கிய பிரமுகரின் வருகையின்போது கையெழுதிடப்பட உள்ளது
output: ২019 সালের জানুয়ারিতে ডেনমার্ক থেকে ভারত সফর করার জন্য সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ব্যক্তিত্বের সফরকালে এই চুক্তিটি হস্তান্তর করা হবে
explanation: Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'This contract is to be handed over during the visit of the most important figure to visit India from Denmark in January 2019' which is the same as the output sentence.; input: என் நாட்டு மக்கள் எனக்கு இட்ட கட்டளையை நிறைவேற்றுவதற்காக நான் வந்திருக்கிறேன்
output: আমি আমার দেশে কমান্ড পূরণ করতে এসেছি
explanation: Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'I have come to fulfill the command to my country' which is the same as the output sentence.

Negative examples:
input: எனவே, இன்று உங்கள் முன்பு நான் இருப்பது எதேச்சையாக நடந்தது இல்லை
output: ৫৮ কোটি মহিলা বর্তমানে স্বচ্ছ জ্বালানি ব্যবহার করে রান্না করেন।
explanation: Incorrect translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'Therefore, today is not what I have ever happened to be anyone' which is the not same as the output sentence meaning '58 million women now cook using transparent fuel.'; input: இந்தியா ஒரு மிகப் பெரிய நாடு
output: ভারত ও মালদ্বীপের মধ্যে সম্পর্ক ইতিহাসের থেকেও পুরনো।
explanation: Incorrect translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'India is a great country' which is the  not same as the output sentence meaning 'The relationship between India and Maldives is also old from history.'
Task: You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Japanese.
Categories: Translation
Domains: TED Talks; Captions -> Video Captions

Positive examples:
input: كان الأمر كزيارة أكثر عصور البراءة على كوكب الأرض
output: 地球が今よりも無垢だった時代を訪れたかのようでした
explanation: The Arabic sentence is correctly translated into Japanese, because the meaning is preserved.; input: و اليوم جون مستقل تماما.
output: 現在ジョンは完全に自立した生活をしています
explanation: The Arabic sentence is correctly translated into Japanese, even though the lengths of the sentences differ significantly.; input: هذه هي خريطتهم.
output: これが彼らの案です
explanation: The Arabic sentence is correctly translated into Japanese, because the meaning is preserved.

Negative examples:
input: لماذا ؟ لقد تبين لي في بداية هذه الألفية ان الدول التي لدى سكانها نسبة ثقة مرتفعة هي الأكثر إزدهاراً
output: でもそれはまた他の原因による死も招きます
explanation: The Arabic sentence is not correctly translated into Japanese, because the meaning is different.; input: نرى أساس سلسلة الغذاء ، العوالق تلك الأشياء الصغيرة ، و نرى كيف تلك الحيوانات هي غذاء لحيوانات أخرى في وسط الهرم ، و كذلك تصاعديا كما في الشكل البياني
output: 食物連鎖の底辺小さなプランクトンがどの様にして中層に位置する生物の餌になるのか図の頂点に至るまで考えます
explanation: The Arabic sentence is not correctly translated into Japanese, because the meaning is different.; input: كما تزيد الملاريا من خطر الموت إذا تزامنت مع أسباب الموت الأخرى
output: チフスはまた、他の死因と組み合わせると死のリスクを高めます
explanation: The Arabic sentence is not correctly translated into Japanese. The disease `malaria` is incorrectly translated into `tyfus`.
Task: In this task, you are given a text from a post. Your task is to find all of the proper nouns and label them. The labels are <B-PER>, <I-PER> for persons; <B-ORG>, <I-ORG> for organizations; <B-LOC>, <I-LOC> for locations; and <B-MISC>, <I-MISC> for other nouns. The capital 'B' denotes the first word of a proper noun phrase. The capital 'I' denotes all following words of the same noun phrase. If a word is not a part of a proper noun phrase, do not label it.
Categories: Named Entity Recognition
Domains: Miscellaneous

Positive examples:
input: It has manufacturing plants in San Diego ; Creedmoor , N.C. ; Hampshire , England ; and Tijuana , Mexico , and distributes its prodcuts in more than 120 countries . 
output: It has manufacturing plants in San <B-LOC> Diego <I-LOC> ; Creedmoor <B-LOC> , N.C. <B-LOC> ; Hampshire <B-LOC> , England <B-LOC> ; and Tijuana <B-LOC> , Mexico <B-LOC> , and distributes its prodcuts in more than 120 countries . 
explanation: This is how the labeling should be. San Diego is the name of a location. In addition, it cannot be separated and is represented by two words. Therefore the labeling is San <B-LOC> Diego <I-LOC>. For the other locations mentioned in this sentence, they are single word locations and are represented with the label <B-LOC>.; input: Eli Lilly sold IVAC on Dec. 31 , 1994 to DLJ Merchant Banking Partners LP , River Medical Inc. and other investors . 
output: Eli <B-ORG> Lilly <I-ORG> sold IVAC <B-ORG> on Dec. 31 , 1994 to DLJ <B-ORG> Merchant <I-ORG> Banking <I-ORG> Partners <I-ORG> LP <I-ORG> , River <B-ORG> Medical <I-ORG> Inc. <I-ORG> and other investors . 
explanation: Eli Lilly a two-word representation of a company. Therefore, it gets the label Eli <B-ORG> Lilly <I-ORG>. IVAC is the name of a company. It gets IVAC <B-ORG>. DLJ Merchant Banking Partners LP is a five-word proper noun phrase and therefore gets the label DLJ <B-ORG> Merchant <I-ORG> Banking <I-ORG> Partners <I-ORG> LP <I-ORG>. River Medical Inc. is the name of a three word noun phrase and gets the label River <B-ORG> Medical <I-ORG> Inc. <I-ORG>.; input: That is why I will no longer be deputy by the time the film opens . " 
output: That is why I will no longer be deputy by the time the film opens . " 
explanation: This is the correct labeling (no labels), because the sentence does not contain any proper noun or noun phrases.

Negative examples:
input: The merger will add to both companies ' historical leadership in infusion therapy and technology-based drug delivery devices , they said . 
output: The merger <B-MISC> will add to both companies ' historical leadership in infusion therapy and technology-based drug delivery devices , they said . 
explanation: This is incorrect. The 'merger' is not a proper noun and should not receive any tag. The correct labeling of the sentence is that NO tags are added.; input: It did not say when the charge would be taken . 
output: It did not say when the charge <B-MISC> would be taken . 
explanation: This is incorrect. The 'charge' is not a proper noun and should not receive any tag. The correct labeling of the sentence is that NO tags are added.