ceselder/lots-of-loras-task-definitions huggingface dataset:
Task: In this task, you are given a sentence or phrase in Xhosa. You must translate it to English in a way that is equivalent in terms of meaning and grammatically correct.
Categories: Translation
Domains: Miscellaneous

Positive examples:
input: Ulwakhiwo neempawu zentsinga zemifuno.
output: Construction and characteristics of vegetable fibre cordage.
explanation: 'Ulwakhiwo neempawu' means construction/make-up and characteristics, 'zentsinga zemifuno' roughly translates to 'of fibre from vegetables'.; input: Ukuphatheka kwentsinga zemifuno
output: Handling of vegetable fibre cordage.
explanation: The sentence has been translated into its English equivalent, and is correct in its usage.

Negative examples:
input: Ukuphatheka kwentsinga ezenziwe ngabantu.
output: Handling of man-made fibre cordage.
explanation: The sentence should translate to "Handling of wire rope." Hence, the translation is incorrect.; input: Ulwakhiwo neendidi.
output: Building and types.
explanation: The sentence should translate to "Construction and types." While the words might be similar in a different context, the meaning here differs.
Task: In this task, you are given a sentence or phrase in English. You must translate it to Xhosa in a way that is equivalent in terms of meaning and grammatically correct.
Categories: Translation
Domains: Miscellaneous

Positive examples:
input: Rope and its Usage
output: Intambo nomsebenzi ewenzayo.
explanation: 'Intambo' means rope, 'nomsebenzi ewenzayo' roughly translates to 'the work it does', which is a native way of phrasing it.; input: In this chapter are described the various types of rope with which a seaman works, and the manner in which he uses them.
output: Kwesi sahluko sixelelwa ngendindi zeentambo athi amadoda aselwandle azisebenzise, nangendlela azisebenzisa ngayo.
explanation: The sentence has been translated into its Xhosa equivalent, and is grammatically correct.

Negative examples:
input: Handling of wire rope.
output: Ulwakhiwo neendidi.
explanation: The translated sentence means "Construction and types".; input: Handling of vegetable fibre cordage.
output: Ukuphatheka kwentambo zemifuno.
explanation: While the meaning is similar, kwentambo means "from rope", implying a man-made fiber, making the translation incorrect.
Task: In this task, you are given a question and answer for that. The answer will fill in the blank or will complete the unfinished question. Your task is to provide an explanation based on the given question or fill-in-the-blank statement, and answer.
Categories: Explanation
Domains: Natural Science
Reasoning: Relational Reasoning; Scientific Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: Question: The government of Canada is considering implementing less carbon taxes across the country. If these taxes were implemented, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the country would be expected to 
 Answer: rise
output: The carbon taxes encourage people to use less fossil fuel, which reduces carbon dioxide emissions.
explanation: As mentioned in the input Question and Answer, the output statement constructs the explanation correctly. By decreasing the taxes, carbon dioxide emissions will rise, so the explanation is correct. ; input: Question: If you put a lot of energy into some food the temperature of it will 
 Answer: increase
output: The temperature of matter increases with the added energy.
explanation: As mentioned in the input Question and Answer, output statement constructs the explanation correctly.; input: Question: If an object starts speeding up, it is encountering _____ friction against it. 
 Answer: less
output: The smoother the surface, the less friction against an object, so the faster it will move.
explanation: As mentioned in the input Question and Answer, output statement constructs the explanation correctly.

Negative examples:
input: Question: The government of Canada is considering implementing less carbon taxes across the country. If these taxes were implemented, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the country would be expected to 
 Answer: rise
output: The carbon taxes encourage people to use more fossil fuel. which increase carbon dioxide emissions. 
explanation: This explanation is incorrect. Implementing the taxes encourage people to use less fossil fuel. So reducing the taxes will increase carbon dioxide emissions.; input: Question: Shampoos with high ph are 
 Answer: more
output: Lower pH numbers are less acidic and higher numbers are less acidic (also called more alkaline).
explanation: This explanation is not acceptable. It should explain the relation between high ph and number of the shampoos, not ph and acidity.; input: Question: If an object starts speeding up, it is encountering _____ friction against it. 
 Answer: less
output: The smoother the surface, the less friction against an object, so the slower it will move.
explanation: If an object starts speeding up, it encounters less friction against it. This means that the surface is smooth and it has less friction. So objects can move faster. The slower it will move in the explanation should change to the faster it will move.
Task: You will be given a trivia clue, and the category it belongs to. You should answer with the best answer that belongs in the category and is described by the clue. For consistency, answers should be in all lower cased letters.
Categories: Misc.
Domains: Knowledge Base

Positive examples:
input: Category: EVERYBODY TALKS ABOUT IT... 
Clue: In the winter of 1971-72, a record 1,122 inches of snow fell at Rainier Paradise Ranger Station in this state
output: washington
explanation: Rainier Paradise Ranger Station is located in the Mount Rainier National Park, which is located south of Seattle in the state of Washington.; input: Category: ESPN's TOP 10 ALL-TIME ATHLETES 
Clue: No. 8: 30 steals for the Birmingham Barons; 2,306 steals for the Bulls
output: michael jordan
explanation: Michael Jordan is widely regarded as one of the greatest athletes of all time. He played basketball for the Chicago Bulls in the National Basketball Association and played baseball for the Birmingham Barons in the Minor League Baseball during his first retirement from basketball.; input: Category: EPITAPHS & TRIBUTES 
Clue: Signer of the Dec. of Indep., framer of the Constitution of Mass., second President of the United States
output: john adams
explanation: There are only two presidents who signed the United States Declaration of Independence: John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. However, the Massachusetts Constitution was framed by John Adams and not Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson primarily worked for the state of Virginia.; input: Category: PRESIDENTIAL RHYME TIME 
Clue: James' egg parts
output: polk's yolks
explanation: From the category title, we know that "James" should refer to a presedient. From "egg parts" we know that there's an egg part involved. The president who rhymes with a part of an egg is James Polk.

Negative examples:
input: Category: HISTORY 
Clue: Built in 312 B.C. to link Rome & the South of Italy, it's still in use today
output: the silk road
explanation: The correct answer is actually the Appian Way. The Silk Road is no longer in use and actually connected all of Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. The Silk Road also did not go through Italy, though it did emerge around 200 B.C..; input: Category: EVERYBODY TALKS ABOUT IT... 
Clue: The city of Yuma in this state has a record average of 4,055 hours of sunshine each year
output: california
explanation: The correct answer is actually Arizona. Yuma is on the California-Arizona border, but it is located in Arizona. Arizona is also more likely to have more hours of sun than California since more of its land is semiarid and arid than California's land is.
Task: Given a sentence in French, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in English that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase.
Categories: Translation
Domains: Wikipedia

Positive examples:
input: La saison NBA 1975 - 76 était la 30e saison de la National Basketball Association.
output: The 1975 -- 76 season of the National Basketball Association was the 30th season of the NBA .
explanation: This is a correct and accurate translation from French to English because the translated paraphrase retains the main message that between the years 1975-1976, the 30th NBA season occurred.; input: Lorsque des débits comparables peuvent être maintenus, les résultats sont élevés.
output: The results are high when comparable flow rates can be maintained .
explanation: The resulting paraphrased translation from French to English is correct because the resulting translation holds the message that results are high when comparable rates of flow are maintained.

Negative examples:
input: À Paris, en octobre 1560, il rencontra secrètement l'ambassadeur d'Angleterre, Nicolas Throckmorton, lui demandant un passeport pour retourner en Angleterre en passant par l'Écosse.
output: In October 1560 , he secretly met with the English ambassador , Nicolas Throckmorton , in Paris , and asked him for a passport to return to Scotland through England .
explanation: This is not a proper translation from French to English because the resulting translation is not accurate to the original idea in which the locations of England and Scotland are not accurate.; input: Il y a aussi des discussions spécifiques, des débats publics et des discussions de projet.
output: There are also public discussions , profile specific discussions , and project discussions .
explanation: This translated paraphrase from French to English is incorrect because the resulting translation does not reflect the actual topics of dicussion and debate relating to profiles and projects.
Task: In this task, you need to replace a letter in the sentence with another given letter.
Categories: Program Execution
Domains: Captions -> Image Captions

Positive examples:
input: Sentence: 'group of motorcycle motorists trying to merge into traffic'. Replace the letter 'o' with 'n' in the sentence.
output: grnup nf mntnrcycle mntnrists trying tn merge intn traffic
explanation: The letter 'o' has been replaced in the letter 'n'.; input: Sentence: 'there are many boats that are in this water'. Replace the letter 'a' with 'z' in the sentence.
output: there zre mzny bozts thzt zre in this wzter
explanation: The letter 'a' has been replaced in the letter 'z'.

Negative examples:
input: Sentence: 'a kitten is crawling on the knee of the person at the laptop'. Replace the letter 'r' with 'a' in the sentence.
output: a kitten is crawling on the knee of the person at the laptop
explanation: After replace the letter 'r' with 'a' would result in 'a kitten is caawling on the knee of the peason at the laptop'. So, the answer here is wrong.
Task: In this task you will be given a list, of lists, of integers. For every inner list contained in the input list, you should multiply every even number in that list. The output should be a list of integers with the same length as the number of lists in the input list. If there are no even numbers in an inner list you should output 0 for that list.
Categories: Program Execution
Domains: Code; Mathematics
Reasoning: Mathematics

Positive examples:
input: [[7, -3, -3, 11], [-6, -6, -5, 2], [-8, 4, -3]]
output: [0, 72, -32]
explanation: The first inner list has no even integers, so the first number in the output is 0. The second list has -6, -6, 2 for even integers so the second output is 72. The third list has -8, 4 as even numbers so the third output is -32. This is a good example.; input: [[-2, -7, 3, 13], [-8, -8, 2], [-7, -10, 0, 12], [-1, 7, -9]]
output: [-2, 128, 0, 0]
explanation: The first list had only one even integer so that number is returned. The third list had 0 in it, which multiplied by the other even integers returned 0. The last list had no even integers so 0 is returned as well. This is a good example.

Negative examples:
input: [[8, 6], [-10, 5, 1, 9], [6, 8, 7, -2]]
output: [[48], [-10], [-96]]
explanation: The products are correctly calculated but the output is a list of lists. The output should be a list of integers. So this is a bad example.; input: [[0, -12, 7, 6], [-8, 0, -4, 10], [6, -2, 9, 0, 7]]
output: [-72, 320, -12]
explanation: The product of even integers in inner lists is 0 because every list contains a 0. So this is a bad example.; input: [[-3, 8, 9, 3], [-5, 2], [-5, 8, -10, -4]]
output: [-648, -10, -1600]
explanation: This output the product of every integer in an inner list. Only the even numbers in an inner list should be multiplied. So this is a bad example.
Task: You are given a sentence in Japanese. Your job is to translate the Japanese sentence into English.
Categories: Translation
Domains: TED Talks; Captions -> Video Captions

Positive examples:
input: 第一にキリバス共和国が彼ら自身の利益になると理解したからです
output: And it was primarily because Kiribati realized that this was in their own self-interest to do this.
explanation: The Japanese sentence is correctly translated into English, because the meaning is preserved.; input: ” Who 's My Doctor? ” の開始１週間以内に
output: Within one week of starting Who's My Doctor?
explanation: The Japanese sentence is correctly translated into English, because the meaning is preserved.; input: 第二相臨床試験をスイスで行いましたこちらも再発患者対象で標準治療を受けたが癌が再発した患者たちです
output: We've run a phase two trial in Switzerland on, again, recurrent patients — patients who have received standard therapy and whose cancer has come back.
explanation: The Japanese sentence is correctly translated into English. The country `Zwitserland` is correctly translated as `スイス`.

Negative examples:
input: 心臓発作を引き起こすのです
output: It actually looks better than a brand new one — so looking good there.
explanation: The Japanese sentence is not correctly translated into English, because the meaning is different.; input: 地質学者によって名づけられたもしくは名づけようと議論している私たちが現在生きている時代を新しい地質学的時代として「人の時代人新世」と呼ばれます
output: And geologists have actually christened — well, they're debating whether to christen — the age that we're living in — they're debating whether to make it a new geological epoch called the Anthropocene, the age of Man.
explanation: The Japanese sentence is not correctly translated into English, because the meaning is different.; input: 直した後のほうが新品より良い感じがします。満足しています。
output: After reparation, it does not feel better.
explanation: The Japanese sentence is not correctly translated into English, since the meaning is inversed. The translation incorrectly states that it does not feel better.
Task: Given a sentence in Japanese, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in French that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase.
Categories: Translation
Domains: Wikipedia

Positive examples:
input: 1975  -  76年のNBAシーズンは、全米バスケットボール協会の30番目のシーズンでした。
output: La saison 1975-1976 de la National Basketball Association était la 30e saison de la NBA.
explanation: This is a correct and accurate translation from Japanese to French because the translated paraphrase retains the main message that between the years 1975-1976, the 30th NBA season occurred.; input: 匹敵する流速を維持することができるとき、結果は高い。
output: Les résultats sont élevés lorsque des débits comparables peuvent être maintenus.
explanation: The resulting paraphrased translation from Japanese to French is correct because the resulting translation holds the message that results are high when comparable rates of flow are maintained.

Negative examples:
input: 1560年10月にパリで、彼は密かにスコットランドを通ってイングランドに戻るためにパスポートを彼に求めて、英国大使ニコラスThrockmortonに会いました。
output: En octobre 1560, il rencontra secrètement l'ambassadeur d'Angleterre, Nicolas Throckmorton, à Paris, et lui demanda un passeport pour retourner en Écosse par l'Angleterre.
explanation: This is not a proper translation from Japanese to French because the resulting translation is not accurate to the original idea in which the locations of England and Scotland are not accurate.; input: 具体的な議論、パブリックプロファイルの議論、そしてプロジェクトの議論もあります。
output: Il y a également des discussions publiques, des discussions de profils spécifiques et des discussions de projet.
explanation: This translated paraphrase from Japanese to French is incorrect because the resulting translation does not reflect the actual topics of dicussion and debate relating to profiles and projects.
Task: In this task, you are given a sentence in either Spanish or English. Your task is to determine the language of the input sentence. Input sentences can only be in Spanish or English, and they cannot be in two languages ​​at the same time.
Categories: Language Identification
Domains: Government and Politics

Positive examples:
input: All of us here are pleased that the courts have acquitted him and made it clear that in Russia, too, access to environmental information is a constitutional right.
output: English
explanation: Input sentence is in English language.; input: Why has no air quality test been done on this particular building since we were elected?
output: English
explanation: Input sentence is in English language.; input: Es irresponsable por parte de los Estados Miembros de la UE negarse a renovar el embargo.
output: Spanish
explanation: Input sentence is in Spanish language.

Negative examples:
input: Madam President, on a point of order.
output: Cannot identify the language.
explanation: Answer should be Spanish or English.; input: Como ha dicho la gente, la situación allí es extremadamente precaria.
output: French
explanation: The language of the input sentence can either be Spanish or English; so, the answer should be Swedish or English only.; input: I would like your advice about Rule 143 concerning inadmissibility.
output: Me gustaría que me asesorara sobre el Artículo 145 concerniente a la inadmisibilidad.
explanation: Input sentence can be in only one language; so, answer should be either Spanish or English only.
Task: You are given a sentence in Persian. Your job is to translate the Farsi sentence into Hebrew.
Categories: Translation
Domains: TED Talks; Captions -> Video Captions

Positive examples:
input: شما میتونید این پنگوئن ها رو ببینید اونها حرکت میکنند به اون سیمها نگاه میکنند ولی شبیه اون سیمها نیستند
output: אתם רואים שהפינגווין הזה ניגש ומסתכל על החוטים, הוא לא אוהב את החוט הזה.
explanation: The Farsi sentence is correctly translated into Hebrew, because the meaning is preserved.; input: می ‌ دونید ، آیا واقعا یک چیزی آن بیرون وجود داره ؟
output: אתם יודעים, האם יש שם באמת משהו בחוץ?
explanation: The Farsi sentence is correctly translated into Hebrew, because the meaning is preserved.; input: صد در صد اونها به كالج رفتند.
output: 100% מהם המשיכו לקולג '.
explanation: The Farsi sentence is correctly translated into Hebrew, because the meaning is preserved.

Negative examples:
input: برای استحکام و سبکی ، اسکلت گنبد از پنج حلقه چوبی استفاده کردند ، که اندازه ‌ هرکدامشان کوچک شده ، تا چشم انداز مهیجی را به طراحی گنبد دهد.
output: כך שאוקסיטוצין מחבר אותנו לאנשים אחרים.
explanation: The Farsi sentence is not correctly translated into Hebrew, because the meaning is different.; input: برخی از آنها در راستای دیگری خواهند بود.
output: חלק ממנו ילך בכיוונים שונים.
explanation: The Farsi sentence is not correctly translated into Hebrew, because the meaning is different.; input: در نتیجه اکسی توسین مارا به دیگران متصل میکنه.
output: על מנת לאפשר חוזק וקלות משקל, שלד הכיפה נבנה מחמש טבעות של תקרת קסטה, בקוטר הולך וקטן, שנותן אפקט דרמטי לעיצוב הכיפה.
explanation: The Farsi sentence is not correctly translated into Hebrew, because the meaning is different.
Task: In this task, you are given inputs i,j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to return the sum of all the numerical elements in the list A between the positions i and j (including positions i and j). Return 0 if no numerical element is present in the list between the given ranges. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j.
Categories: Program Execution
Domains: Mathematics
Reasoning: Mathematics -> Arithmetic

Positive examples:
input: 3, 7, ['A', '23', '7413', '6933', '3369', '807', 'M', '456']
output: 18522
explanation: Here, the numbers from 3rd to 7th position are '7413', '6933', '3369', and '807', hence their sum (7413+6933+3369+807) is 18522.; input: 1, 2, ['v', 'R', '7707', 'p', '7085']
output: 0
explanation: Here, there are no numbers from positions 1 to 2, hence their sum is 0.

Negative examples:
input: 2, 5, ['7475', 'B', '2459', 'm', '8349', 'O', 'q', 'Y', 'f']
output: 2459
explanation: Here, the answer should have been '10808' as the numbers from 3rd to 7th position are '2459' and '8349', hence their sum (2459+8349) is '10808'.; input: 3, 5, ['75', '54', 'J', 'L', '2332', 'Z', 'e', '366']
output: 2386
explanation: Here, the answer should have been '2332' as the only number from 3rd to 5th position is '2332', hence the answer is '2332'.
Task: Given a sentence in Spanish, generate a new Spanish sentence by performing small changes on the sentence. Here, make sure that the changes are semantically related and syntactically similar to the input. And the generated sentence should have high commonsense plausibility, that is to have reasonable probability of it being true.
Categories: Sentence Perturbation
Domains: Commonsense; Knowledge Base -> Wikidata

Positive examples:
input: Es probable que encuentres un planeta en el sistema solar.
output: Es desafortunado encontrar un planeta en el sistema solar.
explanation: This is a good example of a change in the input. The created sentence is semantically similar to the input as both are talking about finding a planet in the solar system and the changes in the sentence follows the commonsense knowledge.; input: Puedes usar una sala de control para hacer un programa de televisión.
output: Usted puede utilizar una sala de exhibición para filmar un programa de televisión.
explanation: The output sentence is semantically related to the input sentence as both are talking about TV shows and follows the commonsense. Hence, the answer is correct.

Negative examples:
input: Es probable que encuentres una página de papel en un cómic.
output: Es probable que encuentres una gran espada de hierro física en un cómic.
explanation: The output is semantically similar to the input but it does not follow the commonsense as we cannot find the physical iron sword in the comic.; input: Si usted omite tomar un baño entonces usted debe correr el agua.
output: Puedes usar una pistola para violar a un niño.
explanation: The output has the commonsense but it is not semantically related or similar to the input. Hence, the answer is incorrect.
Task: Given an English sentence, convert it into the french language.
Categories: Translation
Domains: Miscellaneous

Positive examples:
input: He later scouted in Europe for the Montreal Canadiens .
output: Il a plus tard été dépisteur du Canadiens de Montréal en Europe .
explanation: English sentence is converted to the French language.; input: The plan was revised in 1916 to concentrate the main US naval fleet in New England , and from there defend the US from the German navy .
output: Le plan fut révisé en 1916 pour concentrer le gros de la flotte navale américaine en Nouvelle-Angleterre , et à partir de là , défendre les États-Unis contre la marine allemande .
explanation: English sentence is converted to the French language.

Negative examples:
input: Hellhounds have been said to be as black as coal and smell of burning brimstone .
output: Le noir animal fut utilisé de la même manière que le noir de fumée ou le charbon de bois comme colorant noir .9
explanation: English sentence is not converted to the French language correctly.; input: In 1962 the university had 1,500 students and two faculties of Arts and Sciences .
output: Le collège , avec les Arts et la Théologie , compte 1600 étudiants en 1605 et les deux facultés de Droit et Médecine : 400 .
explanation: English sentence is not converted to the French language correctly.