ceselder/lots-of-loras-task-definitions huggingface dataset:
Task: Given the Target and Argument texts detect the stance that the argument has towards the topic. There are three types of stances "in favor", "against", and "neutral". 
Categories: Stance Detection
Domains: Debatepedia
Reasoning: Textual Entailment

Positive examples:
input: Topic: Three Gorges Dam
 Argument: The Three Gorges Dam is a cause of corruption.
output: against
explanation: Here, argument is against the given topic, three gorges dam. Hence, the answer is "against".; input: Topic: Two-state solution to Israeli-Palestinian conflict
 Argument: Idea of Jewish state, in two-state solution, is undemocratic.
output: against
explanation: Here, the argument is not in the favor of given topic. Therefore, the answer is "against".; input: Topic: Instant replay in baseball
 Argument: Instant replay does not diminish human element of baseball.
output: in favor
explanation: Here, the given argument supports the topic of instance replay in baseball. Hence, the answer is correct.; input: Topic: Needle exchanges
 Argument: Needle exchanges benefit their areas of implementation.
output: in favor
explanation: This argument talks in the favor of needle exchanges. Therefore, the answer is "in favor".; input: Topic: Corporate personhood
 Argument: Dictionaries include corporations in definitions of persons.
output: neutral
explanation: Here, the argument is not in the favor of the topic. And it is not against the topic as well. Therefore, the answer is "neutral".; input: Topic: Underground nuclear waste storage
 Argument: Underground storage sometimes makes sense, sometimes does not.
output: neutral
explanation: Here, the given argument is neither in support nor against the given topic. Hence, the answer is correct.

Negative examples:
input: Topic: Single-payer universal health care
 Argument: Whether health care is a right under i-law is inconsequential.
output: in favor
explanation: This is incorrect asnwer. Because there the argument is neither in favor nor against the topic. Therefore, the answer should be "neutral".; input: Topic: Carbon emissions trading
 Argument: A cap-and-trade system is progressive.
output: neutral
explanation: The correct answer is "in favor". Because the argument supports the given topic.; input: Topic: Three Gorges Dam
 Argument: The Three Gorges Dam has submerged mines, resulting in pollution.
output: in favor
explanation: This is incorrect answer. Because the argument isn't in the support of three gorges dam. Instead it is againt the topic. Hence, the answer should be "against".
Task: In this task you are given a statement and an explanation giving you further knowledge about an entity in the statement. You must judge whether the statement is true or false based on the explanation. Label an instance as "True" if the explanation confirms the statement or doesn't disprove it. Label an instance as "False" if the explanation disproves the statement. The statement and explanation are separated by a newline character.
Categories: Fact Verification
Domains: Wikipedia
Reasoning: Commonsense Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: A popular RCA Records artist who has many hit songs is Kesha.
Kesha is a musicians from Nashville, Tennessee
output: True
explanation: although the explanation doesn't prove the statement completely, it doesn't disprove it either.; input: Fax works without any internet connection.
Internet connection is required for a fax to function well
output: False
explanation: The explanation disproves the statement.; input: Macbeth received a prophecy that one day he will become King of Scotland.
Macbeth receives a prophecy from a trio of witches that one day he will become King of Scotland.
output: True
explanation: The explanation confirms the statement.

Negative examples:
input: The crack in the Liberty Bell sets it apart from other famous bells.
The Liberty Bell is famous for having a large crack in its side.
output: False
explanation: Only label an instance as "False" if the explanation disproves the statement. In this example, the explanation doesn't confirm the statement but it doesn't disprove it either. So the output should be "True"
Task: You are given a negative review and your task is to convert it to a positive review by one or more making minimal changes. Avoid changing the context of the review.
Categories: Style Transfer
Domains: Reviews
Reasoning: Reasoning on Social Interactions

Positive examples:
input: we stood there in shock , because we never expected this .
output: we loved every moment when we were there .
explanation: The output converts the given negative review to positive review by repharsing the sentence. It does not change the context of the input.; input: very bad viewing alternative .
output: very good viewing alternative .
explanation: The output converts the given negative review to positive review by replacing the word 'bad' with 'good'. It does not change the context of the input.; input: horrible! very bad acting .
output: amazing! very well-acted .
explanation: The output converts the given negative review to positive review by replacing the word 'horrible' with 'amazing'. It does not change the context of the input(it is still talking about the acting).; input: we hated every moment we were there .
output: we loved every moment we were there .
explanation: The output converts the given negative review to positive review by replacing the word 'hated' with 'loved'. It does not change the context of the input.; input: i was so disgusted i could not way for the rest of the day 
output: i was so full i could not way for the rest of the day .
explanation: The output converts the given negative review to positive review by replacing the word 'disgusted' with 'full'. It does not change the context of the input.

Negative examples:
input: The charge did include miso soup and a small salad .
output: The salad was amazing
explanation: Though the output is positive , it changes the input text completely. As the task also involves to make minimal changes a better answer would be : the price included miso soup and a great salad.; input: i would never recommend anyone to live here .
output: The place is huge and clean .
explanation: Though the output is positive , it changes the context. As the task also involves to make minimal changes a better answer would be by simply removing the word 'never': i would recommend anyone to live here.; input: um , yah , it's a decent place .
output: The food is good .
explanation: Though the output is positive , it changes the input text completely. As the task also involves to make minimal changes a better answer would be to change the word 'decent' to something positive like: um , yah , it's an amazing place.; input: did n't even get a response .
output: I called them 5 times .
explanation: Though the output is slightly positive , it changes the input text completely. As the task also involves to make minimal changes a better answer would be : got a  response!; input: i did n't even eat it .
output: I ordered a lot of food
explanation: Though the output is positive , it changes the input text completely. As the task also involves to make minimal changes a better answer would be : i ate all of it.
Task: Given a statement and question, generate the answer to the question such that the answer is contained in the statement.
Categories: Question Answering
Domains: Natural Science -> School Science Textbooks

Positive examples:
input: statement: Neurons deliver electrical impulses to other cells, question: What do neurons deliver to other cells?
output: Electrical impulses
explanation: The answer generated is correct with respect to the question and the statement; input: statement: Two lenses to produce magnified images allow for detailed observation of stars., question: Two lenses to produce magnified images allow for what?
output: Detailed observation of stars
explanation: The answer generated is correct with respect to the question and the statement

Negative examples:
input: statement: Two lenses to produce magnified images allow for detailed observation of stars., question: Two lenses to produce magnified images allow for what?
output: Barack Obama
explanation: The example is incorrect, as the answer generated is not related to the statement or question; input: statement: Sharks have sharp jaws to catch their prey, question: What do sharks have to catch their prey?
output: Sharp claws
explanation: The answer generated is incorrect with respect to the question and the statement
Task: Classify the given tweet into the three categories: (1) 'Hate Speech', (2) 'Offensive' and (3) 'Neither'. 'Hate Speech' is kind of a threating statement or sometimes include call for violence while 'offensive' statement just offensds someone. 'Neither' is when it doesn't fall into Hate Speech or Offensive category.
Categories: Toxic Language Detection
Domains: Social Media -> Twitter
Reasoning: Reasoning on Social Interactions

Positive examples:
input: "@MarkRoundtreeJr: LMFAOOOO I HATE BLACK PEOPLE https://t.co/RNvD2nLCDR" This is why there's black people and niggers
output: Hate Speech
explanation: The writer mentions emotions like hating so it is clearly a hate speech.; input: "bitch nigga miss me with it"
output: Offensive
explanation: The writer uses offensive words like 'bitch' and 'nigga' which is offensive.; input: !!! RT @mayasolovely: As a woman you shouldn't complain about cleaning up your house. &amp; as a man you should always take the trash out...
output: Neither
explanation: The writer does not use any hate speech or offensive language. Therefore it is classified as 'Neither'.

Negative examples:
input: "@DomWorldPeace: Baseball season for the win. #Yankees" This is where the love started
output: Offensive
explanation: There is no offensive language used here so this is not offensive.; input: " fuck no that bitch dont even suck dick " &#128514;&#128514;&#128514; the Kermit videos bout to fuck IG up
output: Neither
explanation: There a lot of offensive words in the tweet. Hence this should be classified as offensive.
Task: In this task, you are given a list. This list contains many lists of integers. The list is several items written within a []. Your task is to find the maximum number among the members of each inner list. The output should be a list comprised of the maximums with the same order as the internal lists.
Categories: Program Execution
Domains: Mathematics
Reasoning: Numerical Reasoning; Mathematics -> Arithmetic

Positive examples:
input: [[5, 3], [2, 9, 8], [3, 3], [5, 2, 7, 1]]
output: [5, 9, 3, 7]
explanation: Input of this example is a list containing four inner lists. The maximum value of the first inner list is 5, the maximum value of the second list is 9, the maximum value of the third list is 3, and the maximum value of the fourth list is 7. So the output should be [5, 9, 3, 7], and this is a good example.; input: [[1, 6, 3, 7], [7, 3, 1]]
output: [7, 7]
explanation: The output contains the number 7 twice, because it is the maximum value of both inner lists. So this is a good example.

Negative examples:
input: [[5, 9, 9], [8, 9], [11, 2, 1, 4, 7], [4, 6, 4, 1]]
output: [11]
explanation: In this example, the input list contains four lists, and we should have a list of four integers in the output. Each number in the output list should indicate the maximum value of its corresponding list in the output. So this is a bad example.; input: [[3, 5, 9, 4, 9], [1, 8, 4, 3], [3, 0, 8]
output: [3, 1, 0]
explanation: In this example, the output is a list of the minimums of each inner list. The correct output is [9, 8, 8], and this is a bad example.; input: [[1, 8, 2, 2], [4, 6, 7, 3], [3, 0, 9]
output: [[8], [7], [9]]
explanation: The output is a list of lists, where the maximum is its own list. Note that the output should be a list of integers, not a list of lists. So this is a bad example.
Task: You are given a science question (easy-level) and four answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D"). Your task is to find the correct answer based on scientific facts, knowledge, and reasoning. Do not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: 'A', 'B, 'C', 'D'. There is only one correct answer for each question.
Categories: Question Answering
Domains: School Science Textbooks
Reasoning: Scientific Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: Which part of a bicycle BEST moves in a circle? 
 (A) Seat (B) Frame (C) Foot pedal (D) Kickstand
output: C
explanation: Seat, frame and Kickstand are static parts of the bicycle, even when bicycle moves. Foot pedal moves in a circle as bicycle moves.; input: Which measurement represents the mass of an object? 
 (A) 35 centimeters (B) 35 grams (C) 35 liters (D) 35 degrees
output: B
explanation: Centimeter, liters and degree are used to measure length, quantity of liquid and temperature, respectively. Gram is used to represent mass of any object.; input: Which of these is a nonliving part of a forest? 
 (A) Tree (B) Soil (C) Worm (D) Mushroom
output: B
explanation: Tree, Worm and Mushroom are living objects; irresprctive of their location. Hence, Soil is the output.

Negative examples:
input: Which part of a bicycle BEST moves in a circle? 
 (A) Seat (B) Frame (C) Foot pedal (D) Kickstand
output: Foot pedal
explanation: Output sould not be string in correct option, it can be one of the following characters: 'A', 'B, 'C', 'D'.; input: Which measurement represents the mass of an object? 
 (A) 35 centimeters (B) 35 grams (C) 35 liters (D) 35 degrees
output: I don't know.
explanation: Output sould not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: 'A', 'B, 'C', 'D'.; input: Which of these is a nonliving part of a forest? 
 (A) Tree (B) Soil (C) Worm (D) Mushroom
output: B, C
explanation: There is only one correct answer, so, output should contain only one character.
Task: In this task, positions of two consecutive words have been swapped. You need to output the position of the swaped words. e.g. in the sentence 'Seattle has nice a weather', the word 'a' and 'nice' have been swapped. These words are at 3rd and 4th position respectively. So, the output should be (3, 4). Note that the index of first word is 1.
Categories: Grammar Error Detection
Domains: Image Caption

Positive examples:
input: I a am professional dancer.
output: (2,3)
explanation: words 'a' and 'am' have been swapped. The correct sentence would be 'I am a professional dancer.'. Since the position of 'a' is 2 and 'am' is 3, the answer is (2,3).; input: I want buy to tomatoes.
output: (3,4)
explanation: words 'buy' and 'to' have been swapped. The correct sentence would be 'I want to buy tomatoes.' Since the position of 'buy' is 3 and 'to' is 4, the answer is (3,4).

Negative examples:
input: Physics is a difficult very subject.
output: (2,3)
explanation: words 'very' and 'difficult' have been swapped. The correct sentence would be 'Physics is a very difficult subject.' Since the position of 'difficult' is 4 and 'very' is 5, the answer should have been (4,5).; input: A large with wave some people on surfboards
output: wave, with
explanation: You should answer with the indices of the words to be swapped, not the words themselves. Here the correct answer is (3,4).
Task: In this task, you will be given a sentence, followed by ", so". You should complete the given text with another sentence, such that the whole text is plausible. The sentence you enter must be a likely result of the given sentence.
Categories: Cause Effect Classification
Domains: Commonsense
Reasoning: Causal Reasoning; Textual Entailment

Positive examples:
input: The woman went to the bank, so 
output: she will be out with some cash on her
explanation: The answer is a likely result of the sentence in the question.; input: They government banned abortions, so 
output: many unwanted children will be born
explanation: The answer is a likely result of the sentence in the question.

Negative examples:
input: The woman went to the bank, so 
output: she talked to the man.
explanation: This sentence is not a likely result of the question, so it's not a good completion.
Task: In this task, you need to count the number of words in a sentence that end with the given letter. Answer with numbers and not words.
Categories: Program Execution
Domains: Captions -> Image Captions
Reasoning: Numerical Reasoning; Mathematics -> Counting

Positive examples:
input: Sentence: 'the street light is green in the city'. How many words end with the letter 't' in the sentence.
output: 2
explanation: The words 'street', and 'light' end with the letter 't'. So, the answer is 2.; input: Sentence: 'the bride and groom are smiling as they pose together'. How many words end with the letter 'y' in the sentence.
output: 1
explanation: The word 'they' is the only word that ends with 'y'. So, the answer is 1.

Negative examples:
input: Sentence: 'some people some wooden barrels and they have glasses of wine'. How many words end with the letter 'd' in the sentence.
output: 2
explanation: The only word that ends with the letter 'd' is 'and'. So, the answer should have been 1 and not 2.; input: Sentence: 'framed photo of two people sitting on surf boards by the ocean'. How many words end with the letter 'n' in the sentence.
output: two
explanation: You should answer with numbers, i.e. the correct answer is "2" and not "two".
Task: In this task, you are given inputs i, j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to find all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, reverse the order in which they occur, and then concatenate them to output the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not concatenate the elements and then reverse the string.
Categories: Program Execution
Domains: Code

Positive examples:
input: 1, 3, ['238', 'h', '92', 'U', '2799']
output: 92h238
explanation: Here, concatenating all the elements between the 1st element and 3rd element in reverse order gives '92h238'.; input: 8, 9, ['U', '6923', 'y', 'm', 'v', 'M', 'Y', '87667', 'E', '6059', 'p']
output: E87667
explanation: Here, concatenating all the elements between the 8th element and 9th element in reverse order gives 'E87667'.

Negative examples:
input: 1, 2, ['7475', 'B', '2459', 'm', '8349', 'O', 'q', 'Y', 'f']
output: B5747
explanation: Here, the answer should have been 'B7475' as concatenating all the elements between the 1st element and 2nd element in reverse order gives 'B7475'.; input: 4, 7, ['B', '59', 'a', '34', '5', 'h', 'k', 'A']
output: kh43
explanation: Here, the answer should have been 'kh534' as concatenating all the elements between the 4th element and 7th element in reverse order gives 'kh534'.
Task: In this task, you are given an input list A comprising of numbers and alphabets. You need to extract and sort the unique alphabets in the list. The alphabets in the input list will only be in lowercase. Return -1 if there is no alphabet in the input list.
Categories: Program Execution
Domains: Mathematics

Positive examples:
input: 8129; a; 4245; y; m; a
output: a, m, y
explanation: Here, the unique alphabets in the list are 'a', 'y', and 'm', hence their sorted order is 'a, m, y'.; input: 12; 523; 982
output: -1
explanation: Here, there are no alphabets in the list, hence the answer is '-1'.; input: ['223', u, 'r', '5409', 'k']
output: k, r, u
explanation: Here, the unique alphabets in the list are 'u', 'r', and 'k', hence their sorted order is 'k, r, u'.

Negative examples:
input: g; w; x; 3467; g
output: g, g, x, w
explanation: Here, the answer should have been 'g, w, x' as the unique alphabets in the list are 'g', 'x', and 'w', hence their sorted order is 'g, w, x'.; input: 75; 54; j; l; 2332; z; e; 366
output: j, l, z, e
explanation: Here, the answer should have been 'e, j, l, z' as the unique alphabets in the list are 'j', 'l', 'z', and 'e', hence their sorted order is 'e, j, l, z'.
Task: In this task you will be given a list of dictionaries. A dictionary is a set of key-value pairs, where each key is unique and has a value associated with that key. You should sort the list of dictionaries from smallest to largest by their 'first' key. If there is two dictionaries with the same 'first' value then sort them by their 'second' key. Negative numbers should come before positive numbers.
Categories: Program Execution
Domains: Code -> Repo -> Stack Overflow
Reasoning: Mathematics -> Arithmetic

Positive examples:
input: first: 8
second: 7; first: -7
second: -2; first: 8
second: 2
output: first: -7
second: -2; first: 8
second: 2; first: 8
second: 7
explanation: The two dictionaries that had the same 'first' value were sorted by their 'second' value and the smaller one was listed first. So this is a good example.; input: first: 9
second: 2; first: -7
second: 12; first: -2
second: -10; first: -2
second: 8
output: first: -7
second: 12; first: -2
second: -10; first: -2
second: 8; first: 9
second: 2
explanation: The dictionary with the largest negative 'first' value is listed first even though its 'second' value is the largest in the list

Negative examples:
input: [{'first': 10, 'second': 8}, {'first': 4, 'second': 7}, {'first': -1, 'second': -3}
output: [{'first': 10, 'second': 8}, {'first': 4, 'second': 7}, {'first': -1, 'second': -3}
explanation: The input was not changed and it was not in sorted order. So this is a bad example.; input: first: -1
second: -3; first: -1
second: -7; first: -1
second: -4
output: first: -1
second: -3; first: -1
second: -7; first: -1
second: -4
explanation: The output was not sorted by the 'second' key when the 'first' key is a tie. So this is a bad example; input: first: 7
second: -3; first: 2
second: 0; first: 8
second: -5; first: -4
second: 0
output: [-4, 2, 7, 8]
explanation: The output is a sorted list of the 'first' values, instead of the sorted dictionaries. So this is a bad example.