ceselder/lots-of-loras-task-definitions huggingface dataset:
Task: In this task, you are given a sentence. You are expected to recognize the name of company or organization. Although there might be several correct answers, you need to write one of them.
Categories: Named Entity Recognition
Domains: Commonsense -> Concepts and Relations -> Social Commonsense; Professions; Social Media -> Twitter

Positive examples:
input: I want to work dedicatedly for Microsoft Corporation
output: Microsoft Corporation
explanation: Microsoft Corporation is a multi-national corporate organization where people do professional work. Hence it should be tagged as organization.; input: Hyland provides a lot of perks to its employees
output: Hyland
explanation: Hyland Corporation is a multi-national corporate organization where people do professional work. Hence it should be tagged as organization.

Negative examples:
input: She works as a waitress.
output: waitress
explanation: Here waitress is a profession and not an organization. Hence, it should not be tagged.; input: JW Marriott is one of the best 5-star hotels in this city.
output: 5-star hotels
explanation: 5-star hotels is a rating of the hotel and not an organization. Hence, it should not be tagged so.
Task: In this task, you are given a tweet in English. You are expected to classify the post into two classes: sarcastic or non-sarcastic. A sarcastic sentence is one that refers to the use of words that mean the opposite of what you really want to say, especially in order to insult someone, or to show irritation, or just to be funny.
Categories: Text Categorization
Domains: Social Media -> Twitter
Reasoning: Commonsense Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: I work 40 hours a week for me to be this poor.
output: sarcastic
explanation: Here, the person means to say that even after working 40 hours a week, he is still poor. Thus it actually contradicts to what he says.; input: 5 ways to file your taxes with less stress
output: non-sarcastic
explanation: This is a pretty straightforward remark because it is related to filing taxes with minimal stress and is unrelated to irony or sarcasm.

Negative examples:
input: I’m not saying I hate you, what I’m saying is that you are literally the Monday of my life
output: Cool
explanation: You are expected to return "sarcastic" or "non-sarcastic". This should be classified as sarcastic as Monday, being the first working day of the week, is pretty stressful and often hated by many. But the speaker is saying that he doesn't hate, so he uses sarcasm.; input: Let me tell you a story
output: nice
explanation: You are expected to return "sarcastic" or "non-sarcastic". This should be classified as non-sarcastic because nothing has been specified in such a way that it means to say exactly the opposite.; input: I work 40 hours a week for me to be this poor.
output: non-sarcastic
explanation: Here, the person means to say that even after working 40 hours a week, he is still poor. Thus it actually contradicts to what he says. Hence, it should be classified as sarcastic.
Task: In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Categories: Cause Effect Classification
Domains: Story
Reasoning: Reasoning on Actions

Positive examples:
input: story: It was bedtime at our house. Two of the three kids hit the pillow and fall asleep. The third is a trouble maker. For two hours he continues to get out of bed and want to play. Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
 selected sentence: Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
output: A kid wants to play before sleep >Causes/Enables> A kid eventually falls asleep
explanation: The selected sentence is about a kid falling sleep, the answer correctly identifices an event causing the sentence to happen.; input: story: Cindy woke up late. Cindy forgot her homework. Cindy dropped food on her skirt. She thought it was the worst day ever. She got home and her parents took her for ice cream and it wasn't bad.
 selected sentence: Cindy dropped food on her skirt.
output: Cindy eats >Causes/Enables> Cindy drops food on  her skirt
explanation: In this example the event causing Cindy to drop food on her skirt is not explicitly in the story, but the events imply that it might have happened.; input: story: Neil took a ferry to the island of Tasmania. There he admired the beautiful beaches. The sands were white and lovely. But try as he might, Neil missed seeing one thing. He could not find any Tasmanian devils!
 selected sentence: There he admired the beautiful beaches.
output: Neil goes to the island >Causes/Enables> Neil admires the beaches
explanation: In this exmple, Neil going to the island causes him to admire the beaches(It couldn't have happened if he hadn't gone to the island.)

Negative examples:
input: story: Cheyenne was home from her vacation and she was tired. She slept until noon and then took a long shower. For the rest of the day she just laid around the house being lazy. Cheyenne's mom decided to give her a couple days to rest. However, after that there would be no more sitting around the house.
 selected sentence: Cheyenne's mom decided to give her a couple days to rest.
output: Cheyenne is tired from her vacation so Cheyenne's mom gives Cheyenne a couple of days to rest
explanation: The cause of the event is correctly chosen, but the answer format is incorrect. There should be >Causes/Enables> between the two events in your answer.; input: Sara was invited to the football game. She showed up at the gates early. Then, she went inside. She spent most of the game wandering around. At the end of the game, her team won.
output: Sara  goes  to  a football game  >Causes/Enables> Her team  wins 
explanation: The given answer is not the cause of the selected sentence.
Task: Adverse drug reactions are appreciably harmful or unpleasant reactions resulting from an intervention related to the use of medical products, which predicts hazard from future administration and warrants prevention or specific treatment, or alteration of the dosage regimen, or withdrawal of the product. Given medical case reports extracted from MEDLINE, the task is to classify whether the case report mentions the presence of any adverse drug reaction. Classify your answers into non-adverse drug event and adverse drug event.
Categories: Text Categorization
Domains: Biology -> Clinical Knowledge; Healthcare

Positive examples:
input: A case is reported of a child with fatal pulmonary fibrosis following BCNU therapy.
output: adverse drug event
explanation: Here, the child is facing some trouble after undergoing a particular therapy, thereby causing an adverse effect of the therapy.; input: She responded well to Sodium valproate.
output: non-adverse drug event
explanation: This is a pretty straightforward remark because it is related to filing taxes with minimal stress and is unrelated to irony or sarcasm.

Negative examples:
input: The patient suffered from breathing trouble after taking azithromycin.
output: serious
explanation: You are expected to return "adverse drug event" or "non-adverse drug event". This should be classified as adverse drug event because the patient suffers from an issue after taking in a particular drug.; input: The patient is feeling better at the hospital.
output: wellness
explanation: You are expected to return "adverse drug event" or "non-adverse drug event". This should be classified as non-adverse drug event because no harmful after-effect of any medical intervention has been mentioned.; input: A case is reported of a child with fatal pulmonary fibrosis following BCNU therapy.
output: non-adverse drug event
explanation: Here, the child is facing some trouble after undergoing a particular therapy, thereby causing an adverse effect of the therapy. So, it needs to be tagged as adverse drug event instead of non-adverse drug event.
Task: In this task you are given a sentence. You must judge whether the object of the main clause is singular(like: apple) or plural(like: apartments). Label the instances as "Singular" or "Plural" based on your judgment.
Categories: Linguistic Probing
Domains: Narrative
Reasoning: Grammatical Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: They both let out relieved breaths at the doctor's words.
output: Plural
explanation: "relieved breaths" is the object of the sentence which is plural.; input: He signaled the bartender and ordered one more drink.
output: Singular
explanation: "one more drink" is the object of the sentence which is singular.; input: " Off the grid.
output: Singular
explanation: "the grid" is the object of the sentence which is singular.

Negative examples:
input: I collect my painting supplies.
output: Singular
explanation: "painting supplies" is the object of the sentence which is plural so the output is incorrect.; input: I saw the ramp leading back toward the surface.
output: Plural
explanation: The object of the verb "saw" is "the ramp", which is singular.
Task: You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to apply division mathematical operator on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer.
Categories: Question Answering
Domains: Mathematics
Reasoning: Numerical Reasoning; Quantitative Reasoning; Mathematics -> Arithmetic

Positive examples:
input: Context: Alex wants to split a collection of eggs into 4 groups. Alex has 8 eggs and 6 marbles. 

 Question: How many eggs will each group have?
output: 2
explanation: Total eggs each group will get is 8/4 = 2; input: Context: You have to share your cake with 4 people. The cake has 12 pieces. 

 Question: How many slices will each person get ?
output: 3
explanation: Each person will get 12/4 = 3 slices

Negative examples:
input: Context: The room costs 80 dollars, 8 people share the room. 

 Question: How much does each person pay ?
output: 1.5
explanation: Each person pays = Total cost/ number of people => 80/8 = 10, hence correct answer is 10; input: Context: A garage has 4 floors. Each floor has same number of cars. Total number of cars the garage has is 20 

 Question: How many cars are there on each floor ?
output: 4
explanation: There ae 20 cars spread  equally across 4 floors. Each floor will have 20/4 = 5 cars, Hence answer is 5
Task: In this task, you are given a public comment from online platforms. You are expected to classify the comment into two classes: obscene and non-obscene. A comment is obscene if it is considered offensive to the public sense of decency, for example because it too obviously relates to sex or contains language regarded as taboo in polite usage.
Categories: Toxic Language Detection
Domains: Social Media

Positive examples:
input: Comment: Damn!  Another cloudy day, and it's all Obama's doing!
output: Obscene
explanation: This is obscenity because it hints on sexual content that is offensive to the public sense of decency.; input: Comment: Be a victim or shoot back.
output: Non-obscene
explanation: This is unrelated to pornography or obscenity.

Negative examples:
input: Comment: dbsb, Trump could have condemned white supremacists and Nazis the way he did today (only say it like he meant it rather than like he was a hostage forced to read a statement) AND at the same time condemned the violence. They're not mutually exclusive. The fact he didn't for three days speaks volumes about his own personal beliefs.
output: Obscene
explanation: This comment might be considered toxic or racism, but is not obscene.; input: Comment: Whores on both sides.
output: Non-obscene
explanation: This comment should be considered obscene because it contains explicit language of obscenity.
Task: In this task, you are given a tuple, comprising Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether, as a result of the Head, PersonY or others will be affected as mentioned in the Tail or not. These effects are social actions that may occur after the Head event. For example, X may get hugged, and Y may blush in response. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
Categories: Commonsense Classification
Domains: Sociology; Commonsense -> Concepts and Relations -> Social Commonsense
Reasoning: Relational Reasoning; Reasoning on Social Interactions; Commonsense Reasoning -> Social Situations

Positive examples:
input: Head: PersonX goes the way of the dodo<sep>Tail: none
output: Yes
explanation: This is a good example. As a result of the Head, others won't be affected.; input: Head: PersonX applies sunscreen<sep>Tail: safe
output: No
explanation: In this example, if PersonX applies sunscreen, others won't be safe. So this output is correct.; input: Head: PersonX goes shopping with PersonY<sep>Tail: gets tired
output: Yes
explanation: If PersonX goes shopping with PersonY, personY will be tired. Thus, this example should be classified as "Yes".

Negative examples:
input: Head: PersonX affords another ___<sep>Tail: to enjoy it
output: Yes
explanation: If PersonX affords another thing, we don't know whether others enjoy it or not. So the output should be "No".; input: Head: PersonX invites PersonY to join PersonZ<sep>Tail: they get joined by PersonY
output: No
explanation: If PersonX invites PersonY to join PersonZ, others will be joined by PersonY, and the output should be "Yes".
Task: We would like you to classify each of the following sets of argument pairs (discussing Gay Marriage)  into either SIMILAR or NOT SIMILAR. A pair of arguments is considered SIMILAR if the arguments are about the same FACET (making the same argument), and is considered NOT SIMILAR if they do not have the same FACET. A FACET is a low level issue that often reoccurs in many arguments in support of the author's stance or in attacking the other author's position.
Categories: Text Matching
Domains: Government and Politics

Positive examples:
input: Sent1: Many social conservatives argue that benefits are provided to married couples because, in turn, married couples benefit society. 
 Sent2: We give married couples marriage benefits TO STRENGTHEN the marriage, because marriage STRENGTHENS society.
output: Similar
explanation: Both arguments argue that married couples can benefit the society.; input: Sent1: A civil partnership between two homosexual men or two lesbian women should be called a homosexual civil partnership. 
 Sent2: Marriage is by definition between a man and a woman, and no one else, and the states interest is in a procreative type relationship, a gay couple does not entitle to these benefits.
output: Not similar
explanation: The first argument says gay marriages are well defined, and the second says a gay couple by definition are not entitled to these benefits.

Negative examples:
input: Sent1: So I must ask you why exactly are you against same sex marriage when it has been shown that the ban on same sex marriage is just like the ban on interracial couples getting married? 
 Sent2: I can only assume because you don't want to admit that perversion of marriage will rise out of same gender marriage.
output: Similar
explanation: The answer should be Not similar instead since the first argument supports gay marriage by saying the ban on gay marriage is the same as the ban on interracial marriage, while the second argument rejects gay marriage by claiming perversion will rise out of same gender marriage.
Task: In this task, you are given an utterance, which is a part of a conversation between a user and an agent. Your job is to detect the speaker. The user usually commands the agent to schedule events, retrieve event information, and check the schedule. While the agent's response is an answer to the user's questions or follow-up questions on the user's command. Answer with "User" or "Agent".
Categories: Speaker Identification
Domains: Commonsense -> Concepts and Relations -> Social Commonsense; Dialogue
Reasoning: Commonsense Reasoning -> Social Situations; Reasoning on Social Interactions

Positive examples:
input: Let me know if there's anything else I can help you with.
output: Agent
explanation: In this example, the speaker wants to help, and it's part of the agent's job. So, the output should be "Agent".; input: When do I have the oil change on my car scheduled for?
output: User
explanation: The given statement is a question, and as the user asks the questions. Here the answer is "User".

Negative examples:
input: Add a extra 30 minutes to oil change on March 15 at 11:00 am.
output: Agent
explanation: It's is a command, and the agent does not command the user. So, the output should be "User".; input: I've put that on your calendar
output: User
explanation: This example is a confirmation of doing a task, and the user does not perform the task. So, the output is incorrect.
Task: In this task, you need to count the number of vowels (letters 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u') / consonants (all letters other than vowels) in the given sentence.
Categories: Program Execution
Domains: Captions -> Image Captions
Reasoning: Numerical Reasoning; Mathematics -> Counting

Positive examples:
input: Sentence: 'a white cat on a desk near a computer monitor'. Count the number of vowels in the given sentence.
output: 16
explanation: This sentence has 5 occurrences of letter 'a', 4 of 'e', 2 of 'i', 4 of 'o', and 1 of 'u'. This adds up to 16. So, the answer is 16.; input: Sentence: 'a white cat on a desk near a computer monitor'. Count the number of consonants in the given sentence.
output: 20
explanation: This sentence has a total of 36 letters out of which 16 are vowels (5 'a', 4 'e', 2 'i', 4 'o', and 1 'u'). So, there are 36 - 16 = 20 vowels.

Negative examples:
input: Sentence: 'some boys having fun with their skateboards and laughing'. Count the number of vowels in the given sentence.
output: 31
explanation: This sentence has 17 vowels (5 'a', 3 'e', 4 'i', 3 'o', and 2 'u'). So, the answer should be 17 and not 31.
Task: You are given a question on human aging. You are also given 4 answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D"), out of which only one is correct. You need to answer the question by selecting the correct option. You should only answer with the choice letter, not the whole answer.
Categories: Question Answering
Domains: Biology -> Human Biology
Reasoning: Scientific Reasoning

Positive examples:
input: The study of older adults and aging is referred to as
(A)Gerontology (B)Geropsychiatry (C)Geriatrics (D)Gero-education
output: A
explanation: Gerontology is the study of older adults and aging; input: Which of the following factors is associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer's?
(A)Being African or Hispanic American (B)Eating fish (C)A lower level of education (D)Being married
output: B
explanation: Eating fish reduces the risk of Alzheimer's

Negative examples:
input: The study of older adults and aging is referred to as
(A)Gerontology (B)Geropsychiatry (C)Geriatrics (D)Gero-education
output: I dont know.
explanation: Do not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: 'A', 'B, 'C', 'D'.; input: Which of the following factors is associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer's?
(A)Being African or Hispanic American (B)Eating fish (C)A lower level of education (D)Being married
output: B,C
explanation: Only one of the following options ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D') is allowed to be the answer. Multiple options can not be correct. The correct answer here would have been 'B'.; input: Cells taken from a body and grown in a nutritional and protected culture will
(A)Never stop dividing (B)Stop dividing when their telomere strands are gone (C)Never divide (D)Show no senescence
output: D
explanation: Cells taken from a body and grown in a nutritional and protected culture stop dividing when their telomere strands are gone. Hence the correct answer should be 'B'.
Task: In this task, you are given a word, followed by a sentence. You should respond with a valid sentence which contains the word used with a different meaning than in the given sentence. For example, if the given sentence refers to a 'fly' as the insect, you may respond with a sentence which uses 'fly' as the verb; however, you may NOT respond with a sentence which uses 'fly' as the insect. You may use the word in a different tense than is given. For example, you may use the word 'ended' in the output where the given input word is 'end'.
Categories: Sentence Composition
Domains: Miscellaneous

Positive examples:
input: ruler 
 Sentence: The headmistress struck the table with a ruler.
output: The ruler decided to change taxation laws in his province.
explanation: The word 'ruler' has a different meaning in both the input and output sentences. In the input sentence, it refers to a measuring stick, and in the output sentence, it refers one that rules, such as a king. Therefore, the answer is correct.; input: project 
 Sentence: Several classmates collaborated on a project.
output: The professor projected a slide onto the screen.
explanation: In the input and output sentences, the word 'project' is used with a different meaning, an undertaking of an activity, and to appear on a surface by the controlled direction of light, respectively. Therefore, the answer is correct.; input: sound 
 Sentence: The sound reverberated across the hall.
output: The baby fell sound asleep.
explanation: In both the input and output sentences, the word 'project' is used with a different meaning. In the input sentence, it is used to refer to noise, and in the output sentence, it is used to refer to sleeping well. Therefore, the answer is correct.

Negative examples:
input: dust 
 Sentence: Another one bites the dust.
output:  The maid used a handkerchief to remove dust off the table.
explanation: In both the input and output sentences, the word 'dust' refers to sand, and therefore the words share the same meaning. Note that the provided response must use a different meaning of the given word in a sentence.; input: airplane 
 Sentence: The passengers went into a frenzy as the airplane lurched sideways.
output: The airplane landed on the runway.
explanation: In both the input and output sentences, airplane is used to refer to the same entity, a vehicle used for aerial transportation. Note that the provided response must use a different meaning of the given word in a sentence.; input: driver 
 Sentence: The driver of the bus took his foot off the brakes.
output: The driver asked the passengers to disembark.
explanation: In both the input and output sentences, the word 'driver' is used for a person who is in charge of driving a vehicle. Note that the provided response must use a different meaning of the given word in a sentence.; input: small 
 Sentence: The kid was too small to be able to board the rollercoaster.
output: Small ant creatures.
explanation: The output is not a grammatically correct sentence.