hereditary gingival enlargement ( hgf ) is a rare condition with incidence of 1 in 750 , 000 people . it may occur isolated or as a part of multisystem syndrome . it may present itself as an autosomal dominant which has been linked to chromosome 2p21-p22 and 5q13-q22 or recessive mode of inheritance . although involvement of the sos-1 gene has been suggested recently . families are affected across generations and a positive family history is always present in hgf . hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a gradually progressive benign enlargement that affects the marginal , attached , and interdental gingiva . we are here presenting a rare case of a 13-year - old girl suffering from hereditary gingival fibromatosis along with surgical management to contribute the literature regarding this rare entity and moreover to emphasize the clinical significance of early management of gingival enlargement as if it is untreated timely could lead to pathological migration , abnormal jaw development , and various functional and esthetic problems . a 13-year - girl reported to department of periodontics , dr . z.a.d.c . and hospital , amu , with a chief complaint of enlarged gums . she could not remember the duration of swelling but she said it was always present . her medical history was non - contributory and she was not taking any medications regularly . her family history revealed that her elder sister had also similar kind of gingival enlargement but that history ca nt be confirmed . intraoral examination revealed fibrotic gingival overgrowth both on buccal and lingual / palatal aspects with firm consistency , increased stippling , and normal pinkish color . gingival enlargement covers most part of teeth [ figures 15 ] . clinical examination also revealed retained deciduous canine and overlapping of maxillary central incisors and maxillary right canine placed highly in an arch . radiographic examination was done to rule out any bony enlargement and general medical examination was advised . panoramic radiographs shows retained right primary canine , no bone loss , or any kind of bony enlargement [ figure 6 ] . preoperative facial view showing gingival enlargement and overlapping of central incisor palatal view showing right retained deciduous canine right lateral view showing the migrated right permanent canine orthopantogram showing no bone loss and the right retained deciduous canine oral hygiene instructions were given , but the plaque removal was restricted by enlarged gingiva . therefore , internal bevel gingivectomies were performed for all quadrants in the maxillary and mandibular arches . the surgical intervention was carried out using internal bevel and crevicular incisions to remove hyperplastic tissue and retained primary canine was extracted . the patient was given a prescription for an antibiotic for 24 h before the surgery and 5 days postoperatively ( amoxicillin 500 mg , three times a day ) to prevent postoperative bacteremia and an analgesic for three days postoperatively ( aceclofenac 500 mg , twice a day ) to relieve postoperative pain and a periodontal dressing ( coe - pak ) were placed and removed after 1 week . the interval between surgical procedures was 2 weeks . excised tissue was sent for histopathological examination which revealed hyperkeratosis , elongated rete pegs , numerous bundles of collagen fibers , and mild inflammatory infiltrate [ figure 7 ] . in the light of above features and family history , diagnosis of hgf postoperative record of 12 months shows improvement in position of both central incisors and right permanent canine [ figures 812 ] . histological picture showing collagen fibers and hyperdense connective tissue , deep rete pegs , acanthosis of epithelium postoperative facial view showing improvement in position of upper incisor and right maxillary canine postoperative lingual view postoperative palatal view postoperative left lateral view postoperative right lateral view oral hygiene instructions were given , but the plaque removal was restricted by enlarged gingiva . therefore , internal bevel gingivectomies were performed for all quadrants in the maxillary and mandibular arches . the surgical intervention was carried out using internal bevel and crevicular incisions to remove hyperplastic tissue and retained primary canine was extracted . the patient was given a prescription for an antibiotic for 24 h before the surgery and 5 days postoperatively ( amoxicillin 500 mg , three times a day ) to prevent postoperative bacteremia and an analgesic for three days postoperatively ( aceclofenac 500 mg , twice a day ) to relieve postoperative pain and a periodontal dressing ( coe - pak ) were placed and removed after 1 week . excised tissue was sent for histopathological examination which revealed hyperkeratosis , elongated rete pegs , numerous bundles of collagen fibers , and mild inflammatory infiltrate [ figure 7 ] . in the light of above features and family history , diagnosis of hgf was made . postoperative record of 12 months shows improvement in position of both central incisors and right permanent canine [ figures 812 ] . histological picture showing collagen fibers and hyperdense connective tissue , deep rete pegs , acanthosis of epithelium postoperative facial view showing improvement in position of upper incisor and right maxillary canine postoperative lingual view postoperative palatal view postoperative left lateral view postoperative right lateral view it is synonyms with the conditions like elephantiasis gingivae , fibromatosis gingivae , gigantism of the gingiva , congenital macrogingivae , hereditary gingival hyperplasia , and hypertrophic gingiva . enlargement of gingiva can be due to use of medication like phenytoin , cyclosporine , and calcium channel blockers . gingival fibromatosis can occur as an isolated nonsyndromic condition or be associated with other syndromes . the syndromes associated with gf include jones hartsfield , murray- puretic - drescher syndrome , zimmermann - laband , rutherfurd , cross , ramon , prune - belly syndrome associated with hearing deficiencies , hypertelorism , and supernumerary teeth . the laboratory investigations revealed no evidence of any systemic disorders such as leukemia , diabetes mellitus , or hormonal disorders . the histologic features observed in the present case had the typical appearance of gingival fibromatosis ; hyperplasic dense fibrous connective tissue with acanthotic gingival epithelium . as the family history contributes to this case with no systemic and drug history and with no clinical features fulfilling these possible syndromes , diagnosis of isolated generalized hereditary gingival fibromatosis the gingival enlargement usually begins at the time of eruption of the permanent dentition or , less frequently , with the eruption of the primary dentition . this is consistent with this case . the most common effect due to enlargement was pathologic migration , diastema , and retained deciduous teeth which was present in reporting case . due to severity of enlargement , gingival tissue covers almost entire crown causing esthetic and masticatory difficulties . after treating hyperplastic tissue , position of central incisor and upper right canine the most preferred method for excision is external bevel gingivectomy especially when there is no bone loss and only false pockets . however , in several reported cases there was no recurrence in a period of 2 years , 3 years , or even a 14-year follow - up . in the present case the clinical case report of a rare lesion of hereditary gingival fibromatosis presented here was managed successfully with surgical interventions with no recurrence . gingival enlargement at this young age should be managed early to avoid pathological migration , malocclusion , esthetic , and functional complications .
hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare condition characterized by various degree of gingival overgrowth . 
 it usually develops as an isolated disorder but can manifest with multisystem syndrome . 
 we are here presenting a case of a 13-year - old girl who presented with severe enlargement of gingiva covering all most the entire crown involving both maxillary and mandibular arches . 
 differential diagnosis includes drug - induced and idiopathic gingival enlargement . 
 excess gingival tissue was removed by full mouth gingivectomy and sent for histopathological examination . 
 postoperative course was uneventful and patient 's esthetics improved significantly . a 12 month postoperative period shows no recurrence .