The Belgian Congo (French: Congo Belge; Dutch: Belgisch-Kongo (ìrànwọ́·ìkéde)) was the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between King Leopold II’s formal relinquishment of his personal control over the state to Belgium on 15 November 1908, and Congolese independence on 30 June 1960. (Faransé) République démocratique du Congo, Laval University, Canada (Duki) Vlamingen en Afrikanen—Vlamingen in Centraal Afrika, Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja (2002). The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A People's History. Zed Books. ISBN 1-84277-053-5.