ìbínú ìrúnu (also called ranklement tabi bitterness) je iriri ti odi imolara (anger tabi hatred, for instance) gẹgẹ bí é sí ohun tí ọ sele ti a ri tabi ti a le ro . Murphy, Jeffrie G. (1982). "Forgiveness and Resentment". Midwest Studies in Philosophy 7 (1): 503–16. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4975.1982.tb00106.x.  Kinder, Donald R.; Sanders, Lynn M. (1997). "Subtle Prejudice for Modern Times". Divided by Color: Racial Politics and Democratic Ideals. American Politics and Political Economy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 92–160. ISBN 978-0-226-43574-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=QluVfkhpKpsC&pg=PA92.