Juyin juya halin Musulunci ya faru ne a shekarar 1979, Musulmi mafiya rinjaye ƙasar Iran . Masu neman sauyi masu ra'ayin Islama sun yi adawa da manufofin kasashen yamma na mashahurin sarki Shah na Iran Mohammed Reza Pahlavi . Magoya bayan Ayatollah Khomeini sun shirya zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnatin kama-karya ta Shah. Khomeini ya zama sabon Jagoran Iran. Kashi 98.2% na masu jefa kuri'a nan Iran sun zabi "eh" a kuri'ar raba gardama da aka kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran a karkashin Jagorancin Ayatollah Khomeini (wanda aka fi sani da Imam Khomeini). Ta maye gurbin masarauta mai ƙarfi da jamhuriya ta tsarin mulki. Yammacin duniya suna ikirarin cewa jamhuriya ce mai iko. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan juyin juya halin, Iraki a ƙarƙashin mulkin kama-karya na Saddam Hussein ta mamaye Iran ta samar da yaƙi wanda ya ƙare a 1988 ba tare da wani ɓangare da ke samun komai ba. An san yakin da yakin Iran da Iraki. Yawancin Iraniyawa an tilasta musu yin hijira a lokacin juyin juya halin. Kimanin adadin Iraniyawa da suka mutu yayin yakin Iraki da tarzoma tare da sojojin Shah sun bambanta daga 3,000 zuwa 60,000.