Sharia, Musulunci doka ko shari'a doka mai addini dokar kafa ɓangare na Musulunci al'ada. Ya samo asali daga hukunce-hukuncen addinin Musulunci, musamman Alkurani da hadisi . A cikin Larabci, kalmar shar'ah tana nufin "dokar" Allah madawwamiyar ikon Allah kuma ya bambanta da fiqh, wanda ke nufin fassarar ilimin ɗan adam. Yadda ake amfani da shi a wannan zamani ya kasance batun jayayya tsakanin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na musulmai da masu ra'ayin zamani. Wasu al'adun gargajiya na shari'ar Musulunci suna ɗauke da manyan take hakkin ɗan adam. Karatun gargajiyance na fikihun musulunci yasan hanyoyin sharia guda hudu: Alqur’ani, sunnah (ingantaccen hadisi), kimanta (dalilai na misali), bayanin kula 1 da ijma (juridical yarjejeniya). Makarantu daban-daban na shari'a - wadanda suka fi shahara sune Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali da Jafari - hanyoyin dabarun samar da hukunce-hukuncen sharia daga hanyoyin karatun ta hanyar amfani da tsarin da aka sani da ijtihad. Hukuncin gargajiya (fiqh) ya bambanta manyan hukunce hukuncen shari'a guda biyu, ʿibādāt (al'adun gargajiya) da muʿāmalāt (alaƙar zamantakewa), waɗanda tare ke tattare da batutuwa da yawa.