'Yancin mafaka ga wadanda aka zalunta ta siyasa wata dama ce ta asali wacce aka bayyana a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Jamus. A wata hanya mai fadi, 'yancin neman mafaka yana bayyana ma'anar "yan gudun hijira" kamar yadda aka kafa a Yarjejeniyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta 1951 kuma an fahimta don kare masu neman mafaka daga fitarwa tare da basu wasu kariya ta doka. Gaba daya, wadannan kariyar wani bangare ne na tsarin mafaka da kansa kuma an tabbatar da shi daga Ofishin tarayya don hijira da "Yan Gudun Hijira (Bundesamt fur Hijira und Fluchtlinge, 'BAMF') ba tare da wani karin aikace-aikacen ba. A cikin 1993 da 2015, an sake fasalin haƙƙin mafaka mara izinin mafaka a cikin muhimmin maki kuma an iyakance shi. Sakamakon rikicin 'yan gudun hijirar a rabi na biyu na shekara ta 2015, ana neman canji na ainihin mafaka (sashi na 16a GG) zuwa tabbataccen makasudi don ba wa jihar damar doka ta gabatar da iyaka ko kebabben iyaka. Dokar zama ta Jamusawa (Aufenthaltsgesetz) kawai tana daidaita matsayin 'yan gudun hijira.