Najeriya ta fara shiga wasannin Olympic ne a shekarar 1952, kuma ta tura 'yan wasa don shiga kowane wasannin Olimpic na bazara tun daga wannan lokacin, sai dai idan aka kaurace wa gasar wasannin bazara ta shekara ta 1976 . Asar ta halarci wasannin Olympics na Hunturu a cikin 2018, tare da ƙwararrun 'yan wasa mata a cikin bobs da kwarangwal. Nijeriya da 'yan wasa sun lashe duka na 25 lambar yabo, mafi yawa a guje guje da dambe . Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta lashe lambar zinare a shekara ta 1996. A shekara ta 2008, bayan shawarar da kwamitin wasannin Olympics na kasa da kasa ya yanke wa Ba'amurke mai ba da gudun mita 4 × 400 lambar yabo bayan Antonio Pettigrew ya yi ikirarin yin amfani da kwayoyi masu kara kuzari, an ba abokan karawarsu ta Najeriya lambar zinariya. Har ila yau, Nijeriya ta samu lambar yabo a gasar taekwondo mai nauyi a gasar wasannin Olympics ta lokacin bazara ta shekara ta 1992 ; saboda wannan wasa ne na nunawa, azurfar Emmanuel Oghenejobo ba ta kirga a matsayin nasara ta hukuma ba.