Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki ko kuma Ilimin Tattalin Arziki shine ilimin zamantakewar al'umma wanda ke nazarin yadda mutane ke hulɗa da darajar abubuwa; musamman, samarwa (production), rarrabawa, da yin amfani da kayayyaki da kuma ayyuka (koko Sabis). Daga turancin ingilishi ana kiran wannan ilimin "Economics" ana karantawa "ikonomis". Saboda samun saukin rubutu da na koyarwa, masu ilimin adabin hausa suna iya daukar matsaya guda domin a rinka kiran wannan kimiyyar "Ikonomis". Ganin cewar akwai banbanci tsakanin "Economy - Tattalin Arziki" da kuma "Economics - Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki" za a iya ci gaba da kiran tattalin arziki a matsayin halin arzikin kasashe da na mutane. Ikonomis kuma a ci gaba da anfani da ita a mtsayin ilimin tattalin arziki. Tattalin arziki (ikonomis) yana mai da hankali ne kan halaye da mu'amala da jami'ai ko da wakilan hada-hada, da kuma yadda shi tattalin arzikin (Economy) ya ke aiki. Ilimin tattalin arziki ana iyi raba shi a sassa guda biyu. Sashi da farko shi ke nazarin abubuwan asali a cikin tattalin arziki, gami da wakilai ɗai-ɗai da kasuwanni, hulɗarsu, da kuma sakamakon hulɗar tasu.