Kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma ita ce reshen ilimin kimiyya wanda aka keɓe da shi don nazarin al'ummomi da alaƙar da ke tsakanin daidaikun al'ummomin. Kalmar an da anyi amfani da ita a baya don koma zuwa fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam, asalin "kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma", wanda aka kafa a karni na 19. Baya ga ilimin halayyar dan adam, a yanzu ya kunshi fannoni daban-daban na ilimin boko, wadanda suka hada da ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, tattalin arziki, labarin kasa, ilimin harshe, ilimin gudanarwa, karatun kafofin watsa labarai, kimiyyar siyasa, halayyar dan adam, da kuma tarihi. (Don ƙarin cikakken jerin ƙananan fannoni a cikin ilimin zamantakewar al'umma duba: Shafin kimiyyar zamantakewar jama'a.) Masana kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma suna amfani da hanyoyin da suka yi kama da na kimiyyar halitta a matsayin kayan aiki don fahimtar al'umma, don haka su bayyana kimiyya a cikin mahimmancin ma'anarta ta zamani.