Kimiyyar ilimin ƙasa ta ƙasar Gana ita ce dutsen ginshiƙi na dindindin na dā, belts na dutsen wuta da kwandon shara, waɗanda lokutan ayyukan ƙazantawa da manyan abubuwan gina ginin dutse guda biyu suka shafa. Baya ga raƙuman ruwa na zamani da wasu duwatsun da aka kafa a cikin shekaru miliyan 541 da suka gabata na Phanerozoic Eon, a bakin tekun, yawancin duwatsun da ke Ghana sun kasance kusan shekaru biliyan daya da suka gabata ko kuma tsofaffi wanda ke haifar da nau'ikan nau'ikan adon gwal guda biyar, wanda ya ba da yankin tsohon sunansa Gold Coast. Tsoffin duwatsu daga Paleoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic kuma wataƙila farkon Paleozoic ya rufe kusan Ghana duka, ban da kusa da bakin tekun inda duwatsun Paleozoic, Mesozoic da Cenozoic suka zama ruwan dare. Babban rukunin dutsen Precambrian sun haɗa da metamorphosed da folded Dahomeyan, Birimian, Tarkwaian System, Togo Series, da Buem Formation. Duwatsun Paleozoic sun haɗa da Tsarin Voltaian, da Tsarin Sekondi-Accraian. Rukunan Paleoproterozoic na Birimian Supergroup, gama gari a Yammacin Afirka, sun mamaye arewa maso yamma da kudu maso yammacin Ghana.